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Mathey CM, Maj C, Eriksson N, Krebs K, Westmeier J, David FS, Koromina M, Scheer AB, Szabo N, Wedi B, Wieczorek D, Amann PM, Löffler H, Koch L, Schöffl C, Dickel H, Ganjuur N, Hornung T, Buhl T, Greve J, Wurpts G, Aygören-Pürsün E, Steffens M, Herms S, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Hoffmann P, Schmidt B, Mavarani L, Andresen T, Sørensen SB, Andersen V, Vogel U, Landén M, Bulik CM, Bygum A, Magnusson PKE, von Buchwald C, Hallberg P, Rye Ostrowski S, Sørensen E, Pedersen OB, Ullum H, Erikstrup C, Bundgaard H, Milani L, Rasmussen ER, Wadelius M, Ghouse J, Sachs B, Nöthen MM, Forstner AJ. Meta-analysis of ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema identifies novel risk locus. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:1073-1082. [PMID: 38300190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.11.921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angioedema is a rare but potentially life-threatening adverse drug reaction in patients receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis). Research suggests that susceptibility to ACEi-induced angioedema (ACEi-AE) involves both genetic and nongenetic risk factors. Genome- and exome-wide studies of ACEi-AE have identified the first genetic risk loci. However, understanding of the underlying pathophysiology remains limited. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify further genetic factors of ACEi-AE to eventually gain a deeper understanding of its pathophysiology. METHODS By combining data from 8 cohorts, a genome-wide association study meta-analysis was performed in more than 1000 European patients with ACEi-AE. Secondary bioinformatic analyses were conducted to fine-map associated loci, identify relevant genes and pathways, and assess the genetic overlap between ACEi-AE and other traits. Finally, an exploratory cross-ancestry analysis was performed to assess shared genetic factors in European and African-American patients with ACEi-AE. RESULTS Three genome-wide significant risk loci were identified. One of these, located on chromosome 20q11.22, has not been implicated previously in ACEi-AE. Integrative secondary analyses highlighted previously reported genes (BDKRB2 [bradykinin receptor B2] and F5 [coagulation factor 5]) as well as biologically plausible novel candidate genes (PROCR [protein C receptor] and EDEM2 [endoplasmic reticulum degradation enhancing alpha-mannosidase like protein 2]). Lead variants at the risk loci were found with similar effect sizes and directions in an African-American cohort. CONCLUSIONS The present results contributed to a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of ACEi-AE by (1) providing further evidence for the involvement of bradykinin signaling and coagulation pathways and (2) suggesting, for the first time, the involvement of the fibrinolysis pathway in this adverse drug reaction. An exploratory cross-ancestry comparison implicated the relevance of the associated risk loci across diverse ancestries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina M Mathey
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carlo Maj
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Centre for Human Genetics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Niclas Eriksson
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristi Krebs
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Julia Westmeier
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Friederike S David
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Annika B Scheer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nora Szabo
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bettina Wedi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Comprehensive Allergy Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dorothea Wieczorek
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Comprehensive Allergy Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Philipp M Amann
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria
| | - Harald Löffler
- Department of Dermatology, SLK Hospital Heilbronn, Heilbronn, Germany
| | - Lukas Koch
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Clemens Schöffl
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Heinrich Dickel
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, St Josef Hospital, University Medical Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nomun Ganjuur
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, St Josef Hospital, University Medical Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Institute of Health Care Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Hornung
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Timo Buhl
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jens Greve
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gerda Wurpts
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Aachen Comprehensive Allergy Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Emel Aygören-Pürsün
- Department for Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael Steffens
- Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Herms
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Börge Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Laven Mavarani
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Trine Andresen
- Molecular Diagnostics and Clinical Research Unit, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Signe Bek Sørensen
- Molecular Diagnostics and Clinical Research Unit, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Andersen
- Molecular Diagnostics and Clinical Research Unit, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; OPEN, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikael Landén
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Anette Bygum
- Department of Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian von Buchwald
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pär Hallberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen Hospital Biobank Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen Hospital Biobank Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole B Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Christian Erikstrup
- Departments of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lili Milani
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eva Rye Rasmussen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Private Practice Ølsemaglevej, Køge, Denmark
| | - Mia Wadelius
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Ghouse
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bernhardt Sachs
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Aachen Comprehensive Allergy Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas J Forstner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
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Sachs UJ, Kirsch-Altena A, Müller J. Markers of Hereditary Thrombophilia with Unclear Significance. Hamostaseologie 2022; 42:370-380. [PMID: 36549289 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombophilia leads to an increased risk of venous thromboembolism. Widely accepted risk factors for thrombophilia comprise deficiencies of protein C, protein S, and antithrombin, as well as the factor V "Leiden" mutation, the prothrombin G20210A mutation, dysfibrinogenemia, and, albeit less conclusive, increased levels of factor VIII. Besides these established markers of thrombophilia, risk factors of unclear significance have been described in the literature. These inherited risk factors include deficiencies or loss-of-activity of the activity of ADAMTS13, heparin cofactor II, plasminogen, tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), thrombomodulin, protein Z (PZ), as well as PZ-dependent protease inhibitor. On the other hand, thrombophilia has been linked to the gain-of-activity, or elevated levels, of α2-antiplasmin, angiotensin-converting enzyme, coagulation factors IX (FIX) and XI (FXI), fibrinogen, homocysteine, lipoprotein(a), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI). With respect to the molecular interactions that may influence the thrombotic risk, more complex mechanisms have been described for endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) and factor XIII (FXIII) Val34Leu. With focus on the risk for venous thrombosis, the present review aims to give an overview on the current knowledge on the significance of the aforementioned markers for thrombophilia screening. According to the current knowledge, there appears to be weak evidence for a potential impact of EPCR, FIX, FXI, FXIII Val34Leu, fibrinogen, homocysteine, PAI-1, PZ, TAFI, and TFPI on the thrombotic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich J Sachs
- Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Giessen University Hospital, Giessen, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Immunology, Transfusion Medicine and Haemostasis, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anette Kirsch-Altena
- Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Giessen University Hospital, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jens Müller
- Institute for Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, Bonn University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
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Protein C receptor maintains cancer stem cell properties via activating lipid synthesis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:46. [PMID: 35169126 PMCID: PMC8847456 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00866-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis and recurrence account for 95% of deaths from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are regarded as one of the main reasons for tumor cell resistance to clinical therapy, and cancer metastasis or recurrence, while little is known about CSCs in NPC. The present study uncovers a subpopulation of cells labeled as CD45−EPCAM+PROCR+ in NPC biopsy samples that exhibit stem cell-like characteristics. A relatively low number of these cells initiate xenograft tumors in mice. Functional analysis reveals that protein C receptor (PROCR) not only serves as a stem cell marker in NPC, but also maintains tumor cells’ stemness potential through regulating lipid metabolism and mitochondrial fission. Epistatic studies reveal that cAMP-protein kinase A stimulates Ca2+ release to manipulate lipid metabolism related genes’ expression. Finally, in a cohort of 207 NPC samples, PROCR expression is correlated with tumor metastasis or recurrence, and predicts poor prognosis. These novel findings link PROCR labeled CSCs with lipid metabolism and mitochondrial plasticity, and provides new clinical target against metastatic or recurrent NPC.
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Liu H, Wang C. The genus Asarum: A review on phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, toxicology and pharmacokinetics. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114642. [PMID: 34537281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In essentially every quadrant of the globe, many species of genus Asarum are used as a common herbal medicine and appear in many formulas or Kampo. Crude drug from several medicinal plants of genus Asarum (MA) known as Asari Radix et Rhizoma (ARR) has been proven to have the functions of dispelling cold, relieving pain, and reducing phlegm according to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory for thousands of years. AIM OF THE STUDY This article reviews the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and metabolic kinetics related research of genus Asarum to evaluate its ethnopharmacology use and future opportunities for research. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on relevant studies of the genus Asarum was gathered via the Internet using Baidu Scholar, Web of Science, Elsevier, ResearchGate, ACS, Pudmed and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Additionally, information was also obtained from some local books, PhD, MS's dissertations and Pharmacopeias. RESULTS The genus Asarum has played an important role in herbal treatment. At present, more than 277 compounds have been isolated or identified from genus Asarum. Among them, volatile oil and lignans are the major active constituents and important chemotaxonomic markers. Modern pharmacological studies indicated that genus Asarum and its active compounds possess a wide range of pharmacological effects, especially analgesic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, cardiovascular protection, antitussive, immunosuppressive, anti-tumor, and microbicidal activities. CONCLUSIONS Based on this review, therapeutic potential of genus Asarum has been demonstrated with the pharmacological effects on inflammation, CNS, respiratory regulation, cardiovascular diseases, cancer and microbial infection. The available literature showed that the major activities of the genus Asarum can be attributed to the active lignans and essential oils. Further in-depth studies on the aspects of the genus for mechanism of actions, metabolism, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, drug interactions, and clinical trials are still limited, thereby intensive research and assessments should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanze Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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5
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Gresele P, Momi S, Marcucci R, Ramundo F, De Stefano V, Tripodi A. Interactions of adenoviruses with platelets and coagulation and the vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia syndrome. Haematologica 2021; 106:3034-3045. [PMID: 34407607 PMCID: PMC8634187 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2021.279289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a heavy impact on global health and economy and vaccination remains the primary way of controlling the infection. During the ongoing vaccination campaign some unexpected thrombotic events have emerged in subjects who had recently received the AstraZeneca (Vaxzevria) vaccine or the Johnson and Johnson (Janssen) vaccine, two adenovirus vector-based vaccines. Epidemiological studies confirm that the observed/expected ratio of these unusual thromboses is abnormally increased, especially in women in fertile age. The characteristics of this complication, with venous thromboses at unusual sites, most frequently in the cerebral vein sinuses but also in splanchnic vessels, often with multiple associated thromboses, thrombocytopenia, and sometimes disseminated intravascular coagulation, are unique and the time course and tumultuous evolution are suggestive of an acute immunological reaction. Indeed, plateletactivating anti-PF4 antibodies have been detected in a large proportion of the affected patients. Several data suggest that adenoviruses may interact with platelets, the endothelium and the blood coagulation system. Here we review interactions between adenoviral vectors and the hemostatic system that are of possible relevance in vaccine-associated thrombotic thrombocytopenia syndrome. We systematically analyze the clinical data on the reported thrombotic complications of adenovirus-based therapeutics and discuss all the current hypotheses on the mechanisms triggering this novel syndrome. Although, considering current evidence, the benefit of vaccination clearly outweighs the potential risks, it is of paramount importance to fully unravel the mechanisms leading to vaccineassociated thrombotic thrombocytopenia syndrome and to identify prognostic factors through further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Gresele
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia.
| | - Stefania Momi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia
| | - Rossella Marcucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence; Atherothrombotic Center, AOU Careggi, Florence
| | - Francesco Ramundo
- Section of Hematology, Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli - IRCCS - Rome
| | - Valerio De Stefano
- Section of Hematology, Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli - IRCCS - Rome
| | - Armando Tripodi
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thromboses Center, Milan
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Avisar A, Cohen M, Brenner B, Bronshtein T, Machluf M, Bar-Sela G, Aharon A. Extracellular Vesicles Reflect the Efficacy of Wheatgrass Juice Supplement in Colon Cancer Patients During Adjuvant Chemotherapy. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1659. [PMID: 32984039 PMCID: PMC7479215 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Colorectal cancer (CC) is the third most common type of cancer, accounting for 10% of all cancer cases. Adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended in stages II–III CC. Wheatgrass juice (WGJ) from wheat seeds has high nutritional values, may induce synergistic benefits to chemotherapy and may attenuate chemotherapy-related side effects. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are subcellular membrane blebs. EVs include exosomes (generated in the endosome, in size <150 nm) and microvesicles (shed from the plasma cell membrane) provide information on their parental cells and play a role in intercellular communication. We aimed to elucidate the effects of chemotherapy administration with supportive treatment of WGJ on CC patients’ EVs characteristics. Methods EVs were isolated from the blood samples of 15 healthy controls (HCs) and 50 CC patients post-surgery, treated by chemotherapy, with or without additional daily WGJ. Blood samples were taken before, during, and at the end of chemotherapy. EVs were characterized by size, concentration, membrane antigens and cytokine content using nanoparticle-tracking analysis, western blot, flow cytometry, and protein array methods. Results EVs were found to be similar by size and concentration with reduced levels of exosome markers (CD81) on samples at the end of combined treatment (chemotherapy and WGJ). Higher levels of endothelial EVs, which may indicate impairment of the vascular endothelial cells during treatment, were found in CC patients treated by chemotherapy only compared to those with chemotherapy and daily WGJ. Also, EVs thrombogenicity was lower in patients added WGJ compared to patients who had only chemotherapy (levels of tissue factor p = 0.029 and endothelial protein C receptor p = 0.005). Following treatments, levels of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR-1) and the majority of growth-factors/pro-inflammatory cytokines were higher in EVs of patients treated by chemotherapy only than in EVs obtained from patients with the combined treatment. Conclusion Daily consumption of WGJ during chemotherapy may reduce vascular damage and chemotherapy-related thrombogenicity, growth factors and cytokines, as reflected by the characteristics of patient’s EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adva Avisar
- The Graduate Studies Authority, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Miri Cohen
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Benjamin Brenner
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.,Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tomer Bronshtein
- The Lab for Cancer Drug Delivery & Cell Based Technologies, The Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Marcelle Machluf
- The Lab for Cancer Drug Delivery & Cell Based Technologies, The Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gil Bar-Sela
- Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Cancer Center, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Anat Aharon
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.,Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Hematology Research Laboratory, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Wang D, Liu C, Wang J, Jia Y, Hu X, Jiang H, Shao ZM, Zeng YA. Protein C receptor stimulates multiple signaling pathways in breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:1413-1424. [PMID: 29217770 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.814046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein C receptor (PROCR) has emerged as a stem cell marker in several normal tissues and has also been implicated in tumor progression. However, the functional role of PROCR and the signaling mechanisms downstream of PROCR remain poorly understood. Here, we dissected the PROCR signaling pathways in breast cancer cells. Combining protein array, knockdown, and overexpression methods, we found that PROCR concomitantly activates multiple pathways. We also noted that PROCR-dependent ERK and PI3k-Akt-mTOR signaling pathways proceed through Src kinase and transactivation of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R). These pathway activities led to the accumulation of c-Myc and cyclin D1. On the other hand, PROCR-dependent RhoA-ROCK-p38 signaling relied on coagulation factor II thrombin receptor (F2R). We confirmed these findings in primary cells isolated from triple-negative breast cancer-derived xenografts (PDX) that have high expression of PROCR. To the best our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study of PROCR signaling in breast cancer cells, and its findings also shed light on the molecular mechanisms of PROCR in stem cells in normal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisong Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chunye Liu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jingqiang Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yingying Jia
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China, and
| | - Hai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China, and
| | - Yi Arial Zeng
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China,
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Franchini M, Martinelli I, Mannucci PM. Uncertain thrombophilia markers. Thromb Haemost 2017; 115:25-30. [DOI: 10.1160/th15-06-0478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe development of venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep-vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, may be associated with inherited or acquired risk factors that can be measured in plasma or DNA testing. The main inherited thrombophilias include the plasma deficiencies of the natural anticoagulants antithrombin, protein C and S; the gain-of-function mutations factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A; some dysfibrinogenaemias and high plasma levels of coagulation factor VIII. Besides these established biomarkers, which usually represent the first-level laboratory tests for thrombophilia screening, a number of additional abnormalities have been less consistently associated with an increased VTE risk. These uncertain causes of thrombophilias will be discussed in this narrative review, focusing on their clinical impact and the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms. Currently, there is insufficient ground to recommend their inclusion within the framework of conventional thrombophilia testing.
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Lee IC, Kim DY, Bae JS. Zingerone Suppresses the Shedding of Endothelial Protein C Receptor. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701201025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Zingerone (ZGR), a phenolic alkanone found in Zingiber officinale, has been reported to have various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. The endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) plays an important role in the cytoprotective pathway and activation of protein C EPCR can be shed from the cell surface, which is mediated by tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE). However, little is known about the effects of ZGR on EPCR shedding. We investigated this by monitoring the effects of ZGR on phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, and interleukin (IL)-1p-induced EPCR shedding in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-mediated EPCR shedding in mice, as well as by analyzing the underlying mechanisms. Here, ZGR triggered potent inhibition of PMA-, TNF-α-, IL-1β-and CLP-induced EPCR shedding through the inhibition of phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) such as p38, janus kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2. ZGR also inhibited PMA-induced TACE expression and activity in HUVECs, suggesting that p38, ERK1/2, and JNK could be molecular targets of ZGR. These results demonstrate the potential of ZGR as an agent against PMA- and CLP-mediated EPCR shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Chul Lee
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Technology, Seowon University, Cheongju 28674, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Yong Kim
- Department of Biology Education, Seowon University, Cheongju 28674, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Ma Y, Zhao Y, Zhang R, Liang X, Yin Z, Geng Y, Shu G, Song X, Zou Y, Li L, Yin L, Yue G, Li Y, Ye G, He C. Astragaloside IV inhibits PMA-induced EPCR shedding through MAPKs and PKC pathway. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2017; 39:148-156. [PMID: 28367652 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2017.1306868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), a main active substance isolated from Astragalus membranaceus Bunge, has been shown to have multiple pharmacological effects. Endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) is a marker of inflammation, and is also a major member of protein C (PC) anti-coagulation system. EPCR can be cut off from the cell surface by tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE), which is controlled through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and protein kinase C (PKC) pathways. To develop novel therapeutic drug for EPCR shedding, the effect of AS-IV was studied in phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the potential molecular mechanism of AS-IV action was investigated. The results showed that AS-IV could significantly inhibit PMA-induced EPCR shedding. In further study, AS-IV suppressed the expression and activity of TACE. In addition, AS-IV could decrease the phosphorylation of MAPK such as janus kinase (JNK) and p38, and inhibit activation of PKC through the prevention of non-phosphorylation and phosphorylation of specific PKC isoforms in PMA-stimulated HUVECs. These findings indicate that AS-IV may be used as a natural medicine to treat EPCR-related systemic inflammation and cardiovascular diseases by targeting MAPK and PKC pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ma
- a Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Yi Zhao
- a Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Ran Zhang
- a Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Liang
- a Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- a Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Yi Geng
- b Department of Pharmacy , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Gang Shu
- b Department of Pharmacy , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Xu Song
- a Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- a Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Lixia Li
- a Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Lizi Yin
- a Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Guizhou Yue
- c College of Science , Sichuan Agricultural University , Ya'an , PR China
| | - Yinglun Li
- b Department of Pharmacy , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Gang Ye
- b Department of Pharmacy , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Changliang He
- a Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , PR China
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Ku SK, Kim J, Kim SC, Bae JS. Suppressive effects of dabrafenib on endothelial protein C receptor shedding. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 40:282-290. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0869-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gavlovsky PJ, Tonnerre P, Guitton C, Charreau B. Expression of MHC class I-related molecules MICA, HLA-E and EPCR shape endothelial cells with unique functions in innate and adaptive immunity. Hum Immunol 2016; 77:1084-1091. [PMID: 26916837 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) located at the interface of blood and tissues display regulatory activities toward coagulation, inflammation and vascular homeostasis. By expressing MHC class I and II antigens, ECs also contribute to immune responses. In transplantation, graft ECs are both trigger and target of alloimmune responses. ECs express a set of MHC class I-like or structural related molecules such as HLA-E, MHC class I related chain A (MICA) and the endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) that provide multiple and unique functions to ECs. HLA-E is a low polymorphic ligand for the CD94/NKG2A/C receptors, and triggers HLA-E-restricted CD8+αβT cell responses against viral and bacterial peptides. MICA is a highly polymorphic ligand for NKG2D activating NK and costimulating CD8+T cells and a ligand for tissue-resident Vδ1 γδ T subsets. More intriguing is the role of EPCR, a key regulator of coagulation, as a ligand for a circulating subset of Vδ2- γδ T cells. Coexpression of this set of MHC class I-related molecules that allow ECs to activate a subtle array of immune responses upon stress and infection may also influence transplant outcome. Here, the respective structure, expression, and functions of HLA-E, MICA and EPCR as well as the impact of their polymorphism are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Jean Gavlovsky
- INSERM, UMR1064, LabEx Transplantex, Nantes F44000, France; CHU Nantes, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation-Urologie-Néphrologie, ITUN, Nantes F44000, France; LUNAM Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes F44000, France; IHU-CESTI, Nantes F44000, France
| | - Pierre Tonnerre
- INSERM, UMR1064, LabEx Transplantex, Nantes F44000, France; LUNAM Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes F44000, France
| | - Christophe Guitton
- INSERM, UMR1064, LabEx Transplantex, Nantes F44000, France; CHU Nantes, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation-Urologie-Néphrologie, ITUN, Nantes F44000, France; LUNAM Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes F44000, France
| | - Béatrice Charreau
- INSERM, UMR1064, LabEx Transplantex, Nantes F44000, France; CHU Nantes, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation-Urologie-Néphrologie, ITUN, Nantes F44000, France; LUNAM Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes F44000, France.
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Ku SK, Yoon EK, Lee HG, Han MS, Lee T, Bae JS. Inhibitory effects of lysozyme on endothelial protein C receptor shedding in vitro and in vivo. BMB Rep 2016; 48:624-9. [PMID: 25902836 PMCID: PMC4911204 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2015.48.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysozyme protects us from the ever-present danger of bacterial infection and binds to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with high affinity. Beyond its role in the activation of protein C, the endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) plays an important role in the cytoprotective pathway. EPCR can be shed from the cell surface, which is mediated by tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE). However, little is known about the effects of lysozyme on EPCR shedding. We investigated this issue by monitoring the effects of lysozyme on phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-, interleukin (IL)-1βand cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-mediated EPCR shedding and underlying mechanism. Data demonstrate that lysozyme induced potent inhibition of PMA-, TNF-α-, IL-1β-, and CLP-induced EPCR shedding. Lysozyme also inhibited the expression and activity of PMA-induced TACE in endothelial cells. These results demonstrate the potential of lysozyme as an anti-EPCR shedding reagent against PMA-mediated and CLP-mediated EPCR shedding. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(11): 624-629]
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Hyun Gyu Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Min-Su Han
- Laboratory for Arthritis and Bone Biology, Fatima Research Institute, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu 41199, Korea
| | - Taeho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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Lattenist L, Ochodnický P, Ahdi M, Claessen N, Leemans JC, Satchell SC, Florquin S, Gerdes VE, Roelofs JJTH. Renal endothelial protein C receptor expression and shedding during diabetic nephropathy. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:1171-82. [PMID: 26990852 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Essentials Endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) promotes diabetic nephropathy (DN) outcome improvement. Renal expression and shedding of EPCR were measured in diabetic patients with or without DN. Inhibition of metalloproteinase-driven EPCR shedding restored glomerular endothelium phenotype. EPCR shedding through metalloproteinase ADAM17 contributes to the worsening of DN. SUMMARY Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) represents the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. The endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) and its ligand (activated protein C) have been shown to ameliorate the phenotype of DN in mice. EPCR activity can be regulated by proteolytic cleavage involving ADAMs, yielding a soluble form of EPCR (sEPCR). Objective To characterize the renal expression and shedding of EPCR during DN. Methods EPCR levels were measured in plasma, urine and biopsy samples of diabetic patients with (n = 73) or without (n = 63) DN. ADAM-induced cleavage of EPCR was investigated in vitro with a human glomerular endothelium cell line. Results DN patients showed higher plasma and urinary levels of sEPCR than diabetic controls (112.2 versus 135.2 ng mL(-1) and 94.35 versus 140.6 ng mL(-1) , respectively). Accordingly, glomerular endothelial EPCR expression was markedly reduced in patients with DN, and this was associated with increased glomerular expression of ADAM-17 and ADAM-10. In vitro, EPCR shedding was induced by incubation of glomerular endothelium in high-glucose medium, and this shedding was suppressed by ADAM-17 inhibition or silencing, which led to improved vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) expression and reduced mRNA expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. In addition, EPCR silencing led to minor effects on VE-cadherin but to a significant increase in TGF-β mRNA expression. Conclusion Inhibition of ADAM-driven glomerular EPCR shedding restored the endothelial phenotype of glomerular endothelium, whereas EPCR silencing led to enhanced expression of TGF-β, a marker of endothelial-mesenchymal transition. These findings demonstrate that EPCR shedding driven by ADAMs contributes to the worsening of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lattenist
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P Ochodnický
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Ahdi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - N Claessen
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J C Leemans
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S C Satchell
- Academic Renal Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - S Florquin
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - V E Gerdes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J J T H Roelofs
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Kang H, Lee T, Bae JS. Suppressive Effects of Pelargonidin on Endothelial Protein C Receptor Shedding via the Inhibition of TACE Activity and MAP Kinases. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:771-84. [PMID: 27222063 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Beyond its role in the activation of protein C, the endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) plays an important role in the cytoprotective pathway. EPCR can be shed from the cell surface, which is mediated by tumor necrosis factor-[Formula: see text] converting enzyme (TACE). Pelargonidin is a well-known red pigment found in plants, and has been reported to have important biological activities that are potentially beneficial to human health. However, little is known about the effects of pelargonidin on EPCR shedding. We investigated this issue by monitoring the effects of pelargonidin on phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-[Formula: see text]-, interleukin (IL)-1β-, and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-mediated EPCR shedding and by investigating the underlying mechanism of pelargonidin action. Data demonstrate that pelargonidin induced potent inhibition of PMA-, TNF-[Formula: see text]-, IL-1β-, and CLP-induced EPCR shedding by inhibiting the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) such as p38, janus kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2. Pelargonidin also inhibited the expression and activity of PMA-induced TACE in endothelial cells. These results demonstrate the potential of pelargonidin as an anti-EPCR shedding reagent against PMA- and CLP-mediated EPCR shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Kang
- 1 College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Lee
- 1 College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- 1 College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
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Jia P, Jin W, Teng J, Zhang H, Zou J, Liu Z, Shen B, Cao X, Ding X. Acute Effects of Hemodiafiltration Versus Conventional Hemodialysis on Endothelial Function and Inflammation: A Randomized Crossover Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3440. [PMID: 27100440 PMCID: PMC4845844 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction and chronic inflammatory process are prevalent in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on maintenance hemodialysis (HD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute and short-term effects of online hemodiafiltration (OL-HDF) versus conventional HD on endothelial function and inflammation. A prospective, randomized, crossover trial. Twenty stable ESRD patients undergoing chronic HD treatments were randomly assigned with a 1:1 ratio to conventional HD and to OL-HDF both for 2 weeks (either HD followed by OL-HDF or OL-HDF followed by HD). Markers of endothelial dysfunction such as flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery, soluble endothelial protein C receptor (sEPCR), and soluble thrombomodulin (sTM) were measured at baseline, after the first dialysis session and after 2 weeks. Meanwhile, serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were measured as well. Both a single OL-HDF session and 2-week OL-HDF significantly improved brachial FMD% (18.7 ± 6.9% at baseline; 21.5 ± 5.4% after the first dialysis; 21.5 ± 5.7% after 2 weeks; P < 0.05 vs baseline), decreased the levels of sEPCR (from 394.4 [297.9-457.0] ng/ml at baseline to 234.7 [174.1-345.5] ng/ml after the first dialysis, and to 191.5 [138.2-255.0] ng/ml after 2 weeks; P < 0.01 vs baseline) and sTM. In contrast, HD did not change FMD%, even increased the levels of sEPCR and sTM. A reduction in IL-6 level was observed in OL-HDF patients after 2-week dialysis, while IL-6 did not change in HD patients. There was no significant difference in change of hs-CRP level between the OL-HDF and HD treatments. OL-HDF has both acute and short-term beneficial effects on endothelial dysfunction compared to conventional HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jia
- From the Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (PJ, WJ, JT, HZ, JZ, ZL, BS, XC, XD), Kidney and Dialysis Institute of Shanghai (PJ, XD), Kidney and Blood Purification Laboratory of Shanghai (PJ, XD), and Division of Nephrology, Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai, China (WJ)
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Lee W, Ku SK, Choi H, Bae JS. Inhibitory effects of three diketopiperazines from marine-derived bacteria on endothelial protein C receptor shedding in human endothelial cells and mice. Fitoterapia 2016; 110:181-8. [PMID: 27012760 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Diketopiperazine is a natural products found from bacteria, fungi, marine sponges, gorgonian and red algae. They are cyclic dipeptides possessing relatively simple and rigid structures with chiral nature and various side chains. The compounds in this structure class have been known to possess diverse bioactivities including antibiotic activity, anti-cancer activity, neuroprotective activity, and anti-inflammatory activity. The endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) plays an important role in the cytoprotective pathway and in the activation of protein C. Endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) can be shed from the cell surface, which is mediated by tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE). However, little is known about the effects of diketopiperazine on EPCR shedding. We investigated this issue by monitoring the effects of diketopiperazine on phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-1β-induced EPCR shedding in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-mediated EPCR shedding in mice and underlying mechanism. Here, three (1-3) of diketopiperazines were isolated from two strains of marine-derived bacteria and 1-3 induced potent inhibition of PMA-, TNF-α-, IL-1β (in HUVECs), and CLP-induced EPCR shedding (in mice) via inhibition of phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) such as p38, janus kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2. 1-3 also inhibited the expression and activity of PMA-induced TACE in HUVECs suggesting that p38, ERK1/2, and JNK could be molecular targets of 1-3. These results demonstrate the potential of 1-3 as an anti-EPCR shedding reagent against PMA-mediated and CLP-mediated EPCR shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhwa Lee
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjae Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Wu C, Kim PY, Swystun LL, Liaw PC, Weitz JI. Activation of protein C and thrombin activable fibrinolysis inhibitor on cultured human endothelial cells. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:366-74. [PMID: 26663133 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ESSENTIALS: It is unknown if thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) and protein C compete on cells. TAFI and protein C activation on endothelial cells was simultaneously quantified. TAFI and protein C do not compete for activation on endothelial cells. TAFI and protein C are independently recognized by the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex. BACKGROUND When bound to thrombomodulin (TM), thrombin is a potent activator of protein C (PC) and thrombin activable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI). By binding PC and presenting it to the thrombin-TM complex, endothelial cell PC receptor (EPCR) enhances PC activation. It is unknown whether PC and TAFI compete for the thrombin-TM complex on endothelial cells. OBJECTIVE To compare PC and TAFI activation on the surface of cultured human endothelial cells in the absence or presence of JRK1535 and/or CTM1009, inhibitory antibodies directed against EPCR and TM, respectively, and to determine whether PC and TAFI compete with each other for activation. METHODS PC and TAFI activation on endothelial cells were compared, and the effect of PC on TAFI activation and TAFI on PC activation was determined in the absence or presence of JRK1535 and/or CTM1009. RESULTS In the absence of antibodies, activation of PC was four-fold faster than that of TAFI. Blocking EPCR with JRK1535 resulted in a 53-fold decrease in PC activation and no effect on TAFI activation. Blocking TM with CTM1009 inhibited both TAFI and PC activation. Neither TAFI nor PC competed with each other in the absence or presence of JRK1535. CONCLUSIONS PC and TAFI are concurrently activated in a TM-dependent manner and do not compete for the thrombin-TM complex, raising the possibility that they interact with distinct activation complexes. EPCR selectively enhances PC activation so that PC and TAFI activation kinetics become comparable on endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wu
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Y Kim
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - L L Swystun
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - P C Liaw
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J I Weitz
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Lee W, Ku SK, Bae JS. Anti-inflammatory effects of Baicalin, Baicalein, and Wogonin in vitro and in vivo. Inflammation 2015; 38:110-25. [PMID: 25249339 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-0013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Here, three structurally related polyphenols found in the Chinese herb Huang Qui, namely baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin, were examined for its effects on inflammatory responses by monitoring the effects of baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated vascular inflammatory responses. We found that each compound inhibited LPS-induced barrier disruption, expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), and adhesion/transendothelial migration of monocytes to human endothelial cells. Each compound induced potent inhibition of phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate and LPS-induced endothelial cell protein C receptor shedding. It also suppressed LPS-induced hyperpermeability and leukocytes migration in vivo. Furthermore, each compound suppressed the production of tumor necrosis factor-α or interleukin-6 and the activation of nuclear factor-κB or extracellular regulated kinases 1/2 by LPS. Moreover, treatment with each compound resulted in reduced LPS-induced lethal endotoxemia. These results suggest that baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin posses anti-inflammatory functions by inhibiting hyperpermeability, expression of CAMs, and adhesion and migration of leukocytes, thereby endorsing its usefulness as a therapy for vascular inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhwa Lee
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Dahak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
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Lee W, Yang EJ, Park DH, Bae JS. Suppressive effects of polyozellin on endothelial protein C receptor shedding via inhibiting TACE activity and MAP kinases. Fitoterapia 2015; 108:26-32. [PMID: 26586620 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Beyond its role in the activation of protein C, the endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) plays an important role in the cytoprotective pathway. EPCR can be shed from the cell surface, which is mediated by tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE). Polyozellin, a major constituent of a Korea edible mushroom Polyozellus multiplex, has been known to exhibit the biological activities such as anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. However, little is known about the effects of polyozellin on EPCR shedding. We investigated this issue by monitoring the effects of polyozellin on phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-, interleukin (IL)-1β-induced EPCR shedding in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-mediated EPCR shedding in mice and underlying mechanism. Data demonstrate that polyozellin induced potent inhibition of PMA-, TNF-α-, IL-1β- (in HUVECs), and CLP-induced EPCR shedding (in mice) via inhibition of phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) such as p38, janus kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2. Polyozellin also inhibited the expression and activity of PMA-induced TACE in HUVECs suggesting that p38, ERK1/2, and JNK could be the molecular targets of POZ. These results demonstrate the potential of polyozellin as an anti-EPCR shedding reagent against PMA-mediated and CLP-mediated EPCR shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhwa Lee
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Yang
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ho Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Anti-inflammatory effects of methylthiouracil in vitro and in vivo. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 288:374-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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22
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Anti-inflammatory effects of vicenin-2 and scolymoside in vitro and in vivo. Inflamm Res 2015; 64:1005-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-015-0886-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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23
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Zhu Y, Chen Z, Chen X, Hu S. Serum sEPCR levels are elevated in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2015; 30:517-21. [PMID: 25588409 PMCID: PMC10852812 DOI: 10.1177/1533317514567124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier impairment and endothelial cell dysfunction have both been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The presence of vascular risk factors is also known to increase the risk of AD. Soluble endothelial protein C receptor (sEPCR) should thus produce procoagulant and proinflammatory effects. Serum sEPCR levels have been found to be associated with several diseases. To date, no reports have been published regarding serum sEPCR levels in AD. In this study, we found that serum sEPCR levels were significantly increased in patients with AD when compared to control participants (P = .0005). There was no significant difference between patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and healthy controls (P = .055) or between patients with AD and MCI (P = .054). Importantly, our results also indicate that the degree of cognitive impairment is significantly correlated with serum sEPCR levels in all patients and healthy controls. These findings suggest that serum sEPCR levels could be a potential candidate for a biomarker panel for AD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, China
| | - Zhilong Chen
- Department of Gerontology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, China
| | - Xugang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, the People's Hospital of Daye City, Daye, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, China
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24
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Ku SK, Lee IC, Han MS, Bae JS. Inhibitory effects of rutin on the endothelial protein C receptor shedding in vitro and in vivo. Inflammation 2015; 37:1424-31. [PMID: 24622777 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9866-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) has important functions in regulation of coagulation and inflammation. EPCR shedding from the cell surface is mediated by tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE). Rutin is one of the major flavonoids from the buckwheat plant Fagopyrum tataricum. In this study, we investigated the effects of rutin on phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and on cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-mediated EPCR shedding. We used a CLP model because this model more closely resembles human sepsis. Data showed rutin was a potent inhibitor of PMA, TNF-α, IL-1β, and CLP-induced EPCR shedding by suppression of TACE expression. Treatment with rutin resulted in a decrease of PMA-stimulated phosphorylation of p38, extracellular regulated kinases 1/2, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. These results suggest the potential application of rutin for treatment of PMA and CLP-mediated EPCR shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, 712-715, Republic of Korea
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25
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Ku SK, Han MS, Lee MY, Lee YM, Bae JS. Inhibitory effects of oroxylin A on endothelial protein C receptor shedding in vitro and in vivo. BMB Rep 2015; 47:336-41. [PMID: 24286327 PMCID: PMC4163868 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2014.47.6.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) plays important roles in blood coagulation and inflammation. EPCR activity is markedly changed by ectodomain cleavage and release as the soluble EPCR. EPCR can be shed from the cell surface, which is mediated by tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE). Oroxylin A (OroA), a major component of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, is known to exhibit anti-angiogenic, antiinflammation, and anti-invasive activities. However, little is known about the effects of OroA on EPCR shedding. Data showed that OroA induced potent inhibition of phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and on cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced EPCR shedding through suppression of TACE expression and activity. In addition, treatment with OroA resulted in reduced PMA-stimulated phosphorylation of p38, extracellular regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). These results demonstrate the potential of OroA as an anti-sEPCR shedding reagent against PMA and CLP-mediated EPCR shedding. [BMB Reports 2014; 47(6): 336-341]
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Korea
| | - Min-Su Han
- Laboratory for Arthritis and Bone Biology, Fatima Research Institute, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu 701-724, Korea
| | - Min Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - You-Mie Lee
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
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26
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Kwak S, Han MS, Bae JS. Aspalathin and nothofagin from rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) inhibit endothelial protein C receptor shedding in vitro and in vivo. Fitoterapia 2015; 100:179-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Sulforaphane inhibits endothelial protein C receptor shedding in vitro and in vivo. Vascul Pharmacol 2014; 63:13-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Anastasiou G, Politou M, Rallidis L, Grouzi E, Karakitsos P, Merkouri E, Travlou A, Gialeraki A. Endothelial Protein C Receptor Gene Variants and Risk of Thrombosis. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2014; 22:199-204. [DOI: 10.1177/1076029614547261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) is a candidate mediator in the pathogenesis of thrombosis, as several data in the literature indicate that polymorphisms such as EPCR 4678G/C and 4600A/G are associated with either protective effect or increased risk of thrombosis, respectively. We investigated the prevalence of these polymorphisms in patients with thrombotic disorders as well as their impact on the risk of thrombosis, the age of first thrombotic episode, and recurrence. The prevalence of the rare EPCR alleles 4600G and 4678C was comparable in patients and controls. However, in a subset analysis, we observed that 4600G allele was more prevalent among patients who developed thrombosis at younger age (<35 years). Moreover, the prevalence of 4678C allele was significantly lower in younger patients compared to older patients. Neither polymorphism seemed to have an impact on recurrence regardless of age. Soluble EPCR levels were elevated in 4600AG patients compared to controls while 4678CC patients presented with lower levels of soluble form of EPCR compared to carriers of at least 1 4678G allele. Our data suggest that either the lack of the protective EPCR 4678C allele or the presence of EPCR 4600G allele may be associated with earlier development of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Anastasiou
- Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Transfusion Unit, Attikon Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marianna Politou
- Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Transfusion Unit, Attikon Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Loukianos Rallidis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elisavet Grouzi
- Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Transfusion Unit, Attikon Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Karakitsos
- Department of Cytology, Attikon Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efrosini Merkouri
- Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Transfusion Unit, Attikon Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anthi Travlou
- Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Transfusion Unit, Attikon Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Argyri Gialeraki
- Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Transfusion Unit, Attikon Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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29
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Lee W, Ku SK, Bae JS. Vascular barrier protective effects of orientin and isoorientin in LPS-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Vascul Pharmacol 2014; 62:3-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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30
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Ku SK, Han MS, Park EJ, Na DH, Bae JS. Exendin-4 inhibits endothelial protein C receptor shedding in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacol Res 2014; 84:18-25. [PMID: 24769195 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Exendin-4 (EX4), a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, has been reported to attenuate myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury, inflammatory and oxidative responses. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that beyond its role in activation of protein C, endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) is involved in vascular inflammation. EPCR activity is markedly decreased by ectodomain cleavage and release as the soluble EPCR. EPCR can be shed from the cell surface, which is mediated by tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE). However, little is known about the effects of EX4 on EPCR shedding. Data from this study showed that EX4 induced potent inhibition of phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-1β-induced EPCR shedding in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced EPCR shedding in mice. EX4 also inhibited expression and activity of TACE induced by PMA in HUVECs. In addition, treatment with EX4 resulted in reduced PMA-stimulated phosphorylation of p38, extracellular regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). These results demonstrate the potential of EX4 as an anti-sEPCR shedding reagent against PMA and CLP-mediated EPCR shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Su Han
- Laboratory for Arthritis and Bone Biology, Fatima Research Institute, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu 701-724, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Park
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hee Na
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Ku SK, Kim JA, Bae JS. Piperlonguminine downregulates endothelial protein C receptor shedding in vitro and in vivo. Inflammation 2014; 37:435-42. [PMID: 24127121 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-013-9756-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) plays an important role in coagulation and inflammation. EPCR can be shed from the cell surface, and this is mediated by tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme (TACE). Piperlonguminine (PL), an important component of Piper longum fruits, is known to exhibit antihyperlipidemic, antiplatelet, and antimelanogenesis activities. However, little is known about the effects of PL on EPCR shedding. Here, we investigated this issue by monitoring the effects of PL on phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and on cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-mediated EPCR shedding and underlying mechanisms. PL induced potent inhibition of PMA, and CLP induced EPCR shedding through suppression of TACE expression. And treatment with PL resulted in reduced PMA-stimulated phosphorylation of p38, extracellular regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Given these results, PL might have potential as an anti-sEPCR shedding reagent against PMA- and CLP-mediated EPCR shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, 712-715, Republic of Korea
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32
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Relationship of late arteriovenous fistula stenosis with soluble E-selectin and soluble EPCR in chronic hemodialysis patients with arteriovenous fistula. Clin Exp Nephrol 2014; 19:133-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10157-014-0955-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ku SK, Han MS, Bae JS. Withaferin A is an inhibitor of endothelial protein C receptor shedding in vitro and in vivo. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 68:23-9. [PMID: 24632454 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Withaferin A (WFA), an active compound from Withania somnifera, has been widely researched for its anti-inflammatory and cardioactive properties and effects on the central nervous system. The endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) plays important roles in blood coagulation and inflammation. EPCR activity is markedly changed by ectodomain cleavage and release as the soluble EPCR. EPCR is shed from the cell surface, mediated by tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE). In this study, we investigated the effects of WFA on the EPCR shedding in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and in mice and the associated signaling pathways. WFA was found to induce inhibition of phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and on cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced EPCR shedding and WFA suppressed the expression and activity of TACE. In addition, treatment with WFA resulted in reduced PMA-stimulated phosphorylation of p38, extracellular regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). These results demonstrate a therapeutic potentiality of WFA as an anti-sEPCR shedding reagent against PMA and CLP-mediated EPCR shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Su Han
- Laboratory for Arthritis and Bone Biology, Fatima Research Institute, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu 701-724, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
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Medina P, Navarro S, Bonet E, Martos L, Estellés A, Bertina R, Vos H, España F. Functional Analysis of Two Haplotypes of the Human Endothelial Protein C Receptor Gene. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:684-90. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.302518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
To confirm the effect of the endothelial protein receptor gene (
PROCR
) haplotypes H1 and H3 on venous thromboembolism (VTE), to study their effect on endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and to investigate the functionality of H1 tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms in an in vitro model.
Approach and Results—
Protein C (PC), activated PC, and soluble EPCR (sEPCR) levels were measured in 702 patients with VTE and 518 healthy individuals. All subjects were genotyped for
PROCR
H1 and H3. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells isolated from 111 umbilical cords were used to study the relation between
PROCR
haplotypes,
PROCR
mRNA, cellular distribution of EPCR, and rate of PC activation. Finally, the functionality of the intragenic
PROCR
H1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms was analyzed using a luciferase-based method. We confirmed that individuals carrying H1 have reduced VTE risk, increased plasma activated PC levels, and reduced plasma sEPCR levels and that individuals with the H3H3 genotype have an increased VTE risk and increased plasma sEPCR levels. In cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells, H1 is associated with increased membrane-bound EPCR, increased rate of PC activation, and reduced sEPCR in conditioned medium, but does not significantly influence
PROCR
mRNA levels. In contrast, H3 is associated with reduced membrane-bound EPCR and increased sEPCR in human umbilical vein endothelial cell–conditioned medium, higher levels of a truncated mRNA isoform, and a lower rate of PC activation. Finally, we identified the g.2132T>C single-nucleotide polymorphism in intron 1 as an intragenic H1-specific functional single-nucleotide polymorphism.
Conclusions—
These results support a protective role of
PROCR
H1 against VTE and an increased risk of VTE associated with the H3 haplotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Medina
- From the Grupo de Investigación en Hemostasia, Trombosis, Arteriosclerosis y Biología Vascular, Centro de Investigación (P.M., S.N., E.B., L.M., A.E., F.E.) and Servicio de Análisis Clínicos (E.B.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain; and Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands (R.M.B., H.L.V.)
| | - S. Navarro
- From the Grupo de Investigación en Hemostasia, Trombosis, Arteriosclerosis y Biología Vascular, Centro de Investigación (P.M., S.N., E.B., L.M., A.E., F.E.) and Servicio de Análisis Clínicos (E.B.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain; and Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands (R.M.B., H.L.V.)
| | - E. Bonet
- From the Grupo de Investigación en Hemostasia, Trombosis, Arteriosclerosis y Biología Vascular, Centro de Investigación (P.M., S.N., E.B., L.M., A.E., F.E.) and Servicio de Análisis Clínicos (E.B.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain; and Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands (R.M.B., H.L.V.)
| | - L. Martos
- From the Grupo de Investigación en Hemostasia, Trombosis, Arteriosclerosis y Biología Vascular, Centro de Investigación (P.M., S.N., E.B., L.M., A.E., F.E.) and Servicio de Análisis Clínicos (E.B.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain; and Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands (R.M.B., H.L.V.)
| | - A. Estellés
- From the Grupo de Investigación en Hemostasia, Trombosis, Arteriosclerosis y Biología Vascular, Centro de Investigación (P.M., S.N., E.B., L.M., A.E., F.E.) and Servicio de Análisis Clínicos (E.B.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain; and Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands (R.M.B., H.L.V.)
| | - R.M. Bertina
- From the Grupo de Investigación en Hemostasia, Trombosis, Arteriosclerosis y Biología Vascular, Centro de Investigación (P.M., S.N., E.B., L.M., A.E., F.E.) and Servicio de Análisis Clínicos (E.B.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain; and Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands (R.M.B., H.L.V.)
| | - H.L. Vos
- From the Grupo de Investigación en Hemostasia, Trombosis, Arteriosclerosis y Biología Vascular, Centro de Investigación (P.M., S.N., E.B., L.M., A.E., F.E.) and Servicio de Análisis Clínicos (E.B.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain; and Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands (R.M.B., H.L.V.)
| | - F. España
- From the Grupo de Investigación en Hemostasia, Trombosis, Arteriosclerosis y Biología Vascular, Centro de Investigación (P.M., S.N., E.B., L.M., A.E., F.E.) and Servicio de Análisis Clínicos (E.B.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain; and Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands (R.M.B., H.L.V.)
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Akar N, Karabıyık A, Deda G. Endothelial protein C receptor and pediatric arterial stroke. Turk J Haematol 2014; 30:37-9. [PMID: 24385751 PMCID: PMC3781647 DOI: 10.4274/tjh.01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) gene A3 haplotype and plasma soluble EPCR (sEPCR) levels in Turkish pediatric arterial stroke patients. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 44 pediatric arterial stroke patients and 75 healthy controls. Following DNA isolation, genotyping of the A3 haplotype was determined via PCR and RFLP. Additionally, fasting sEPCR levels were determined via ELISA. Results: There wasn’t a significant difference in the sEPCR level between the control and patient groups, although the sEPCR level was higher in the patient group. We didn’t observe a difference in the distribution of the CC and CG/GG genotypes between the control and patient groups. Conclusion: Further study on sEPCR levels at the onset of pediatric stroke is needed in order to reach a more definitive conclusion. Conflict of interest:None declared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejat Akar
- Ankara University, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Molecular Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Afife Karabıyık
- Ankara University, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Molecular Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülhis Deda
- Ankara University, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ankara, Turkey
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Koarada S, Tsuneyoshi N, Haruta Y, Tada Y, Mitamura M, Inoue H, Ohta A, Fukudome K, Nagasawa K. Effect of disease activity and corticosteroids on serum levels of soluble endothelial cell protein C receptor in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Mod Rheumatol 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/s10165-008-0143-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Syuichi Koarada
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University,
5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Naoko Tsuneyoshi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University,
5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshio Haruta
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University,
5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Tada
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University,
5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Mio Mitamura
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University,
5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Hisako Inoue
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University,
5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Akihide Ohta
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University,
5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Fukudome
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University,
5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Kohei Nagasawa
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University,
5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
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Ku SK, Han MS, Jeong GS, Bae JS. Cudratricusxanthone A inhibits endothelial protein C receptor shedding in vitro and in vivo. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2014.886619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Taneja R, Liaw PL, Al Ghazaly S, Priestap F, Murkin JM, Martin CM. Effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on thrombin generation and protein C pathway. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2013; 27:35-40. [PMID: 23312776 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanisms of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)-induced dysregulation between thrombin and its regulatory anticoagulant activated protein C (APC). DESIGN A prospective observational cohort study. SETTING A tertiary care university hospital and associated research laboratory. PATIENTS Twenty patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass surgery with (n = 10) or without CPB (n = 10). INTERVENTIONS Blood samples were collected at 7 time points: preinduction; after heparin; 1 hour after the institution of CPB (or the completion of distal anastomoses in off-CPB group); after protamine; and at 0, 4, and 18 hours in the Intensive care unit (ICU). Samples were analyzed for prothrombin fragments (F1+2), thrombin-antithrombin complexes, protein C (PC), APC, soluble thrombomodulin (sTM), and soluble endothelial protein C receptor (sEPCR). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS F1+2 levels increased significantly 1 hour after the initiation of CPB in comparison with baseline (2.7 ± 0.5 v 0.5 ± 0.2 nmol/L, p < 0.001) (mean ± standard deviation) and remained elevated until 4 hours after ICU admission (p < 0.001). In contrast, APC levels did not show any significant changes over time in either group. sEPCR, sTM, and PC levels did not change during CPB although sEPCR decreased significantly after the termination of CPB compared with baseline in the CPB group. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to CPB is associated with a distinct thrombin surge that continues postoperatively for 4 hours. The impaired ability to generate APC reflects a complex process that is not associated with increased levels of sEPCR and thrombomodulin during CPB. Further studies are required to evaluate the regulation of the host APC response in cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Taneja
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Ku SK, Yang EJ, Song KS, Bae JS. Rosmarinic acid down-regulates endothelial protein C receptor shedding in vitro and in vivo. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:311-5. [PMID: 23774263 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) plays pivotal roles in coagulation and inflammation, however, its activity is markedly changed by ectodomain cleavage and release as the soluble protein (sEPCR). According to previous studies, there are approximately 100ng/ml sEPCR in human plasma and the levels increase in inflammatory diseases. EPCR can be shed from the cell surface, and this is mediated by tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE). We recently reported on the anti-inflammatory and barrier protective activities of rosmarinic acid (RA), an important component of the leaves of Perilla frutescens. However, little is known about the effects of RA on EPCR shedding. Here, we investigated this issue by monitoring the effects of RA on phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-1β, and on cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-mediated EPCR shedding and underlying mechanisms. Data showed that treatment with RA resulted in potent inhibition of PMA, TNF-α, IL-induced EPCR shedding by suppression of TACE expression. In addition, RA reduced PMA-stimulated phosphorylation of p38, extracellular regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). These results suggest the potential for use of RA as an anti-sEPCR shedding reagent against PMA, TNF-α, IL-1β and CLP-mediated EPCR shedding.
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MESH Headings
- ADAM Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- ADAM Proteins/metabolism
- ADAM17 Protein
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use
- Antigens, CD/chemistry
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Cinnamates/pharmacology
- Cinnamates/therapeutic use
- Depsides/pharmacology
- Depsides/therapeutic use
- Disease Models, Animal
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Endothelial Protein C Receptor
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/immunology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/cytology
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/immunology
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Peptide Fragments/blood
- Peptide Fragments/chemistry
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational/drug effects
- Proteolysis
- Receptors, Cell Surface/blood
- Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Sepsis/blood
- Sepsis/drug therapy
- Sepsis/immunology
- Sepsis/metabolism
- Solubility
- Rosmarinic Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Republic of Korea
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Ku SK, Lee W, Yoo H, Han CK, Bae JS. Inhibitory effects of epi-sesamin on endothelial protein C receptor shedding in vitro and in vivo. Inflamm Res 2013; 62:895-902. [PMID: 23884236 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-013-0648-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) plays a pivotal role in augmenting Protein C activation by the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex. The activity of EPCR is markedly changed by ectodomain cleavage and release as the soluble protein (sEPCR). The EPCR shedding is mediated by the tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE). Epi-sesamin (ESM), from the roots of Asarum siebodlii, is known to exhibit anti-allergic and anti-fungal activities. However, little is known about the effects of ESM on EPCR shedding. METHODS We investigated this issue by monitoring the effects of ESM on phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-mediated EPCR shedding. RESULTS Data showed that ESM induced potent inhibition of PMA, TNF-α, IL-1β, and CLP-induced EPCR shedding, likely through suppression of TACE expression. In addition, treatment with ESM resulted in a reduction of PMA-stimulated phosphorylation of p38, extracellular regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). CONCLUSIONS Given these results, ESM should be viewed as a candidate therapeutic agent for treatment of various severe vascular inflammatory diseases via inhibition of EPCR shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, 712-715, Republic of Korea
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Endothelial protein C receptor polymorphisms and risk of severe sepsis in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 2013; 39:1752-9. [PMID: 23881209 PMCID: PMC7095157 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-013-3018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) is expressed mainly in endothelial cells and is involved in regulation of the cytoprotective and anticoagulant pathways of protein C. We assessed whether haplotypes in the EPCR gene modify the risk of severe sepsis and/or septic shock (SS/SS) development in critically ill patients. Methods Three polymorphisms in the EPCR gene were genotyped in 389 Caucasian critically ill patients, hospitalized in the intensive care units of two major hospitals in Athens, Greece. Multivariate logistic regression analysis controlling for age, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores, sex, and diagnosis was performed to determine the effect of haplotypes H1 and H3 in the EPCR gene on the development of SS/SS. Results H2 carriers versus all other genotypes combined had a nonsignificant excess of SS/SS (p = 0.087). SS/SS occurred in 38.8 % of critically ill patients carrying minor alleles belonging to both H1 and H3 haplotypes, in 58.0 % of H1 carriers, 64.3 % of H3 carriers, and 65.2 % of patients carrying all common alleles (H2). Compared with H2 carriers, the odds ratios (OR) for developing SS/SS were 0.34 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.16–0.76, p = 0.008] for simultaneous H1 and H3 carriers, 0.65 (95 % CI 0.37–1.13, p = 0.123) for H1 carriers, and 0.82 (95 % CI 0.39–1.70, p = 0.590) for H3 carriers. Conclusions Our results indicate that simultaneous carriers of minor alleles belonging to both the H1 and H3 haplotypes may be at reduced risk of developing SS/SS in this cohort of critically ill patients.
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Kager LM, Schouten M, Wiersinga WJ, de Boer JD, Lattenist LCW, Roelofs JJTH, Meijers JCM, Levi M, Dondorp AM, Esmon CT, van 't Veer C, van der Poll T. Overexpression of the endothelial protein C receptor is detrimental during pneumonia-derived gram-negative sepsis (Melioidosis). PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2306. [PMID: 23875041 PMCID: PMC3708857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) enhances anticoagulation by accelerating activation of protein C to activated protein C (APC) and mediates anti-inflammatory effects by facilitating APC-mediated signaling via protease activated receptor-1. We studied the role of EPCR in the host response during pneumonia-derived sepsis instigated by Burkholderia (B.) pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, a common form of community-acquired Gram-negative (pneumo)sepsis in South-East Asia. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Soluble EPCR was measured in plasma of patients with septic culture-proven melioidosis and healthy controls. Experimental melioidosis was induced by intranasal inoculation of B. pseudomallei in wild-type (WT) mice and mice with either EPCR-overexpression (Tie2-EPCR) or EPCR-deficiency (EPCR(-/-)). Mice were sacrificed after 24, 48 or 72 hours. Organs and plasma were harvested to measure colony forming units, cellular influxes, cytokine levels and coagulation parameters. Plasma EPCR-levels were higher in melioidosis patients than in healthy controls and associated with an increased mortality. Tie2-EPCR mice demonstrated enhanced bacterial growth and dissemination to distant organs during experimental melioidosis, accompanied by increased lung damage, neutrophil influx and cytokine production, and attenuated coagulation activation. EPCR(-/-) mice had an unremarkable response to B. pseudomallei infection as compared to WT mice, except for a difference in coagulation activation in plasma. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Increased EPCR-levels correlate with accelerated mortality in patients with melioidosis. In mice, transgenic overexpression of EPCR aggravates outcome during Gram-negative pneumonia-derived sepsis caused by B. pseudomallei, while endogenous EPCR does not impact on the host response. These results add to a better understanding of the regulation of coagulation during severe (pneumo)sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth M Kager
- Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Ku SK, Han MS, Bae JS. Down-regulation of endothelial protein C receptor shedding by persicarin and isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside. Thromb Res 2013; 132:e58-63. [PMID: 23726966 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown that beyond its role in coagulation, endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) plays an important role in the cytoprotective pathway. Previous reports have shown that EPCR can be shed from the cell surface, and that this is mediated by tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE) and that sEPCR levels are increased in patients with systemic inflammatory diseases. Persicarin and isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside (I3G) are active compounds from Oenanthe javanica, which has been widely studied for its neuroprotective, antioxidant, and barrier protective activities. However, little is known of the effects of persicarin on EPCR shedding. Here, we investigated this issue by monitoring the effects of persicarin and I3G on phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and on cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-mediated EPCR shedding and underlying mechanisms. According to the results, persicarin and I3G induced potent inhibition of PMA and CLP-induced EPCR shedding by suppressing expression of TACE. In addition, persicarin and I3G reduced PMA-stimulated phosphorylation of p38MAPK, extracellular regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Given these results, persicarin and I3G could be used as a candidate therapeutic for treatment of severe vascular inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, 712-715, Republic of Korea
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Renal and urinary levels of endothelial protein C receptor correlate with acute renal allograft rejection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64994. [PMID: 23717683 PMCID: PMC3661509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Endothelial Protein C Receptor (EPCR) is expressed on leukocytes, on endothelium of large blood vessels and to a lesser extent on capillaries. Membrane bound EPCR plays an important role in the activation of protein C which has anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. After cleavage by a protease EPCR is also found as a soluble protein. Acute rejection of kidney allografts can be divided in T-cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) and antibody-mediated (ABMR) rejection. The latter is characterized by strong activation of coagulation. Currently no reliable non-invasive biomarkers are available to monitor rejection. Renal biopsies were available from 81 renal transplant patients (33 without rejection, 26 TCMR and 22 ABMR), we had access to mRNA material, matched plasma and urine samples for a portion of this cohort. Renal EPCR expression was assessed by RT-PCR and immunostaining. Plasma and urine sEPCR levels were measured by ELISA. ABMR patients showed higher levels of EPCR mRNA than TCMR patients. EPCR expression on glomeruli was significantly elevated in ABMR patients than in TCMR or control patients. In the peritubular capillaries EPCR expression was higher in ABMR patients than in control patients. EPCR expression was higher in tubules and arteries of rejection patients than in control patients. Plasma sEPCR levels did not differ. Urine sEPCR levels were more elevated in the ABMR group than in patients with TCMR or without rejection. ROC analysis demonstrated that urinary sEPCR is appropriate to discriminate between ABMR patients and TCMR or control patients. We conclude that urinary sEPCR could be a novel non-invasive biomarker of antibody mediated rejection in renal transplantation.
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Emodin-6-O-β-D-glucoside down-regulates endothelial protein C receptor shedding. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:1160-5. [PMID: 23588681 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0114-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) plays an important role in the protein C anticoagulation pathway and in the cytoprotective pathway. Previously, EPCR can be shed from the cell surface, which is mediated by tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE). Soluble EPCR levels are increased in patients with systemic inflammatory diseases. Recently, we reported that a new active compound, emodin-6-O-β-D-glucoside (EG) from Reynoutria japonica, has anti-inflammatory activities. However, little is known of the effects of EG on EPCR shedding. Here, we investigated this issue by monitoring the effects of EG on the phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-mediated EPCR shedding and its underlying mechanisms. Data showed that EG potently inhibited the PMA and CLP-induced EPCR shedding by suppressing TACE expression. Given these results, EG could be used as a candidate therapeutic for the treatment of vascular inflammatory diseases.
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von Drygalski A, Furlan-Freguia C, Ruf W, Griffin JH, Mosnier LO. Organ-specific protection against lipopolysaccharide-induced vascular leak is dependent on the endothelial protein C receptor. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:769-76. [PMID: 23393392 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.301082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the role of the endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) in the modulation of susceptibility to inflammation-induced vascular leak in vivo. APPROACH AND RESULTS Genetically modified mice with low, <10% EPCR expression (EPCR(low)) and control mice were challenged with lipopolysaccharides in a mouse model of endotoxemia. Infrared fluorescence and quantification of albumin-bound Evans Blue in tissues and intravascular plasma volumes were used to assess plasma extravasation. Pair-wise analysis of EPCR(low) and control mice matched for sex, age, and weight allowed determination of EPCR-dependent vascular leak. Kidney, lung, and brain were the organs with highest discriminative increased Evans Blue accumulation in EPCR(low) versus control mice in response to lipopolysaccharides. Histology of kidney and lung confirmed the EPCR-specific pathology. In addition to severe kidney injury in response to lipopolysaccharides, EPCR(low) and anti-EPCR-treated wild-type mice suffered from enhanced albuminuria and profound renal hemorrhage versus controls. Intravascular volume loss at the same extent of weight loss in EPCR(low) mice compared with control mice provided proof that plasma leak was the predominant cause of Evans Blue tissue accumulation. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates an important protective role for EPCR in vivo against vascular leakage during inflammation and suggests that EPCR-dependent vascular protection is organ-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette von Drygalski
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, MEM 180, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Kager LM, Roelofs JJTH, de Vos AF, Wieland CW, Schouten M, Meijers JCM, Isermann B, Van't Veer C, Esmon CT, van der Poll T. The endothelial protein C receptor and activated protein C play a limited role in host defense during experimental tuberculosis. Thromb Haemost 2013; 109:726-37. [PMID: 23348224 DOI: 10.1160/th12-11-0859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The protein C (PC) system is an important regulator of both coagulation and inflammation. Activated PC (APC), together with its receptor the endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR), has anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory properties. During tuberculosis (TB), a devastating chronic pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis, both a local inflammatory reaction characterised by the recruitment of mainly mononuclear cells and the formation of pulmonary granulomas as well as activation of coagulation occurs as part of the host immune response. We investigated the role of EPCR and APC in a mouse model of TBusing mice overexpressing EPCR (Tie2-EPCR), mice deficient for EPCR (EPCR-/-), mice treated with APC-inhibiting antibodies and mice overexpressing APC (APChigh) and compared them with wild-type (WT) mice. Blood and organs were harvested to quantify bacterial loads, cellular influxes, cytokines, histopathology and coagulation parameters. Additionally observation studies were performed. Lung EPCR expression was upregulated during experimental TB. No significant differences in bacterial growth were seen between WT and Tie2-EPCR mice. However, Tie2-EPCR mice had decreased pulmonary coagulation activation, displayed an increased influx of macrophages 2 and 6 weeks after infection, but no increase in other proinflammatory markers. On the other hand, in EPCR-/--mice coagulation activation was decreased 6 weeks post-infection, with little impact on other inflammation markers. APC-overexpression or treatment with anti-(A)PC antibodies displayed minimal effects during experimental TB. In conclusion, EPCR and APC play a limited role in the host response during experimental pulmonary TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth M Kager
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Room G2-130, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Low circulating protein C levels are associated with lower leg ulcers in patients with diabetes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:719570. [PMID: 23484147 PMCID: PMC3581257 DOI: 10.1155/2013/719570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Activated protein C (APC) promotes angiogenesis and reepithelialisation and accelerates healing of diabetic ulcers. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the incidence of lower leg ulcers and plasma levels of APC's precursor, protein C (PC), in diabetic patients. Patients with diabetes who had a lower leg ulcer(s) for >6 months (n = 36) were compared with age-, type of diabetes-, and sex-matched subjects with diabetes but without an ulcer (n = 36, controls). Total PC was assessed using a routine PC colorimetric assay. There was a significantly (P < 0.001) lower level of plasma PC in patients with ulcers (103.3 ± 22.7, mean ± SD) compared with control (127.1 ± 34.0) subjects, when corrected for age and matched for gender and type of diabetes. Ulcer type (neuropathic, ischaemic, or mixed) was not a significant covariate for plasma PC levels (P = 0.35). There was no correlation between PC levels and gender, type of diabetes, HbA1c, or C-reactive protein in either group. In summary, decreased circulating PC levels are associated with, and may predispose to, lower leg ulceration in patients with diabetes.
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Fink K, Busch HJ, Bourgeois N, Schwarz M, Wolf D, Zirlik A, Peter K, Bode C, von Zur Muhlen C. Mac-1 directly binds to the endothelial protein C-receptor: a link between the protein C anticoagulant pathway and inflammation? PLoS One 2013; 8:e53103. [PMID: 23408932 PMCID: PMC3567096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The endothelial protein C-receptor (EPCR) is an endothelial transmembrane protein that binds protein C and activated protein C (APC) with equal affinity, thereby facilitating APC formation. APC has anticoagulant, antiapoptotic and antiinflammatory properties. Soluble EPCR, released by the endothelium, may bind activated neutrophils, thereby modulating cell adhesion. EPCR is therefore considered as a possible link between the anticoagulant properties of protein C and the inflammatory response of neutrophils. In the present study, we aimed to provide proof of concept for a direct binding of EPCR to the β2-integrin Mac-1 on monocytic cells under static and physiological flow conditions. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Under static conditions, human monocytes bind soluble EPCR in a concentration dependent manner, as demonstrated by flow cytometry. Binding can be inhibited by specific antibodies (anti-EPCR and anti-Mac-1). Specific binding was confirmed by a static adhesion assay, where a transfected Mac-1 expressing CHO cell line (Mac-1+ cells) bound significantly more recombinant EPCR compared to Mac-1+ cells blocked by anti-Mac-1-antibody and native CHO cells. Under physiological flow conditions, monocyte binding to the endothelium could be significantly blocked by both, anti-EPCR and anti-Mac-1 antibodies in a dynamic adhesion assay at physiological flow conditions. Pre-treatment of endothelial cells with APC (drotrecogin alfa) diminished monocyte adhesion significantly in a comparable extent to anti-EPCR. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, we demonstrate a direct binding of Mac-1 on monocytes to the endothelial protein C receptor under static and flow conditions. This binding suggests a link between the protein C anticoagulant pathway and inflammation at the endothelium side, such as in acute vascular inflammation or septicaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Fink
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Dendana M, Messaoudi S, Hizem S, Jazia KB, Almawi WY, Gris JC, Mahjoub T. Endothelial protein C receptor 1651C/G polymorphism and soluble endothelial protein C receptor levels in women with idiopathic recurrent miscarriage. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2012; 23:30-4. [PMID: 22036807 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0b013e328349cae5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
High levels of soluble endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) induce coagulation dysfunction by inhibiting protein C activation, and activated protein C (APC) activity. We tested whether EPCR 1651C/G promoter variant and changes in plasma soluble EPCR levels are risk factors for idiopathic recurrent spontaneous miscarriage (RSM). A case-control study involving 283 RSM cases and 380 age and BMI-matched control women. EPCR 1651C/G genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP method. Plasma-soluble EPCR levels were measured with ELISA. The 1651G allele frequency and C/G genotype were significantly higher in RSM cases than controls; none of the cases or control participants was a 1651G/G homozygote. Lower soluble EPCR levels were seen in RSM cases compared to controls, and higher soluble EPCR levels were seen in 1651C/G compared to 1651C/C carriers in cases and controls. Lower soluble EPCR levels were seen in cases, both in 1651C/C (P = 0.0046) and 1651C/G (P = 0.0032) genotype carriers. Multivariate analysis demonstrated strong association of EPCR 1651C/G [P = 0.011; adjusted odds ratio (aOR) (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.13 (1.31-7.60)], but not soluble EPCR plasma levels [P = 0.067; aOR (95% CI) = 1.01 (1.00-1.10)], with increased RSM risk. In addition, smoking was independently associated with increased RSM risk [P = 0.002; aOR (95% CI) = 2.86 (1.48-5.52)]. EPCR 1651C/G polymorphism and elevated soluble EPCR levels but low soluble EPCR levels increase the risk of idiopathic RSM. Replication studies on other racial groups, and other EPCR gene variants, are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Dendana
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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