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Mathis BJ, Kato H, Hiramatsu Y. Induction of Cardiac Pathology: Endogenous versus Exogenous Nrf2 Upregulation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233855. [PMID: 36497112 PMCID: PMC9736027 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of the endogenous antioxidant response to reactive oxygen species as well as a controller of Phase II detoxification in response to xenobiotics. This amenity to specific external manipulation exploits the binding affinity of Nrf2 for its constitutive repressor and degradation facilitator Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with CNC homology-associated protein 1 (Keap1). Derived from both natural and synthesized origins, these compounds have been extensively tested without definitive beneficial results. Unfortunately, multiple terminated trials have shown a negative side to Nrf2 with regard to cardiac pathologies while animal-based studies have demonstrated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and heart failure after chronic Nrf2 upregulation. Putatively based on autophagic control of Nrf2 activity-modulating upstream factors, new evidence of miRNA involvement has added complexity to this mechanism. What follows is an extensive survey of Nrf2-regulating exogenous compounds that may promote cardiomyopathy, clinical trial evidence, and a comparison to exercise-induced factors that also upregulate Nrf2 while preventing cardiac pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J. Mathis
- International Medical Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba 305-8576, Ibaraki, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-29-853-3004
| | - Hideyuki Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuji Hiramatsu
- International Medical Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba 305-8576, Ibaraki, Japan
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Curran CS, Rivera DR, Kopp JB. COVID-19 Usurps Host Regulatory Networks. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1278. [PMID: 32922297 PMCID: PMC7456869 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 binds the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on the cell surface and this complex is internalized. ACE2 serves as an endogenous inhibitor of inflammatory signals associated with four major regulator systems: the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), the complement system, the coagulation cascade, and the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS). Understanding the pathophysiological effects of SARS-CoV-2 on these pathways is needed, particularly given the current lack of proven, effective treatments. The vasoconstrictive, prothrombotic and pro-inflammatory conditions induced by SARS-CoV-2 can be ascribed, at least in part, to the activation of these intersecting physiological networks. Moreover, patients with immune deficiencies, hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and kidney disease often have altered activation of these pathways, either due to underlying disease or to medications, and may be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Certain characteristic COVID-associated skin, sensory, and central nervous system manifestations may also be linked to viral activation of the RAAS, complement, coagulation, and KKS pathways. Pharmacological interventions that target molecules along these pathways may be useful in mitigating symptoms and preventing organ or tissue damage. While effective anti-viral therapies are critically needed, further study of these pathways may identify effective adjunctive treatments and patients most likely to benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen S Curran
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Donna R Rivera
- Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Jeffrey B Kopp
- Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Nascimento M, Punaro GR, Serralha RS, Lima DY, Mouro MG, Oliveira LCG, Casarini DE, Rodrigues AM, Higa EMS. Inhibition of the P2X 7 receptor improves renal function via renin-angiotensin system and nitric oxide on diabetic nephropathy in rats. Life Sci 2020; 251:117640. [PMID: 32259603 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effects of P2X7 receptor blockade on renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in rats with diabetic nephropathy (DN). MAIN METHODS Wistar rats were unilaterally nephrectomized and received streptozotocin for diabetes mellitus (DM) induction; control animals (CTL) received the drug vehicle. The animals were submitted to P2X7 receptor silencing, forming the group (DM + siRNA). The animals were placed in metabolic cages for data collection and evaluation of renal function; at the end of the protocol, the kidney was removed for analysis of P2X7, renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), ACE2, angiotensin, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels (TBARS), nitric oxide (NO) and qualitative histological. KEY FINDINGS The metabolic profile was attenuated in DM + siRNA vs. DM and there was a significant improvement in creatinine, urea and proteinuria levels in the same group. Renin expression was significantly decreased in DM + siRNA vs. DM. ACE and ACE2 were significantly reduced in DM + siRNA vs. DM. TBARS levels were decreased and NO showed an increase in DM + siRNA vs. DM, both significant. All histological alterations were improved in DM + siRNA vs. DM. SIGNIFICANCE Data have shown that although silencing of the P2X7 receptor did not decrease fasting glucose, it promoted an improvement in the metabolic profile and a significant recovery of renal function, revealing a protective action by the inhibition of this receptor. This effect must have occurred due to the inhibition of RAS and the increase of NO, suggesting that the use of P2X7 receptors inhibitors could be used as adjuvant therapy against DN progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nascimento
- Nephrology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Nitric Oxide and Oxidative Stress, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - G R Punaro
- Nephrology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Nitric Oxide and Oxidative Stress, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - R S Serralha
- Translational Medicine, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Nitric Oxide and Oxidative Stress, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - D Y Lima
- Nephrology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Nitric Oxide and Oxidative Stress, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - M G Mouro
- Translational Medicine, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Nitric Oxide and Oxidative Stress, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - D E Casarini
- Nephrology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil; Translational Medicine, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - A M Rodrigues
- Translational Medicine, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Nitric Oxide and Oxidative Stress, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - E M S Higa
- Nephrology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil; Translational Medicine, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Nitric Oxide and Oxidative Stress, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil; Emergency Division, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Ward MS, Flemming NB, Gallo LA, Fotheringham AK, McCarthy DA, Zhuang A, Tang PH, Borg DJ, Shaw H, Harvie B, Briskey DR, Roberts LA, Plan MR, Murphy MP, Hodson MP, Forbes JM. Targeted mitochondrial therapy using MitoQ shows equivalent renoprotection to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition but no combined synergy in diabetes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15190. [PMID: 29123192 PMCID: PMC5680236 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15589-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a pathological mediator of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Our objective was to test the mitochondrially targeted agent, MitoQ, alone and in combination with first line therapy for DKD. Intervention therapies (i) vehicle (D); (ii) MitoQ (DMitoQ;0.6 mg/kg/day); (iii) Ramipril (DRam;3 mg/kg/day) or (iv) combination (DCoAd) were administered to male diabetic db/db mice for 12 weeks (n = 11–13/group). Non-diabetic (C) db/m mice were followed concurrently. No therapy altered glycaemic control or body weight. By the study end, both monotherapies improved renal function, decreasing glomerular hyperfiltration and albuminuria. All therapies prevented tubulointerstitial collagen deposition, but glomerular mesangial expansion was unaffected. Renal cortical concentrations of ATP, ADP, AMP, cAMP, creatinine phosphate and ATP:AMP ratio were increased by diabetes and mostly decreased with therapy. A higher creatine phosphate:ATP ratio in diabetic kidney cortices, suggested a decrease in ATP consumption. Diabetes elevated glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate and oxidised (NAD+ and NADP+) and reduced (NADH) nicotinamide dinucleotides, which therapy decreased generally. Diabetes increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption (OCR) at complex II-IV. MitoQ further increased OCR but decreased ATP, suggesting mitochondrial uncoupling as its mechanism of action. MitoQ showed renoprotection equivalent to ramipril but no synergistic benefits of combining these agents were shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheal S Ward
- Glycation and Diabetes Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicole B Flemming
- Glycation and Diabetes Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.,Schools of Biomedical Sciences, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Linda A Gallo
- Glycation and Diabetes Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.,Schools of Biomedical Sciences, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amelia K Fotheringham
- Glycation and Diabetes Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.,Schools of Biomedical Sciences, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Domenica A McCarthy
- Glycation and Diabetes Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aowen Zhuang
- Glycation and Diabetes Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.,Medicine, Schools of Biomedical Sciences, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter H Tang
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Danielle J Borg
- Glycation and Diabetes Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.,Schools of Biomedical Sciences, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hannah Shaw
- Glycation and Diabetes Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Benjamin Harvie
- The University of Queensland Biological Resources, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - David R Briskey
- Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Llion A Roberts
- Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Manuel R Plan
- Metabolomics Australia Queensland Node, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark P Hodson
- Medicine, Schools of Biomedical Sciences, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.,Pharmacy The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Metabolomics Australia Queensland Node, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Josephine M Forbes
- Glycation and Diabetes Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia. .,Medicine, Schools of Biomedical Sciences, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia. .,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Australia.
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Comparison of Intraoperative Aminophylline Versus Furosemide in Treatment of Oliguria During Pediatric Cardiac Surgery. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2016; 17:753-63. [PMID: 27355823 PMCID: PMC5515381 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000000834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if intraoperative aminophylline was superior to furosemide to prevent or attenuate postoperative cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury. DESIGN Single-center, historical control, retrospective cohort study. SETTING PICU, university-affiliated children's hospital. PATIENTS Children with congenital heart disease in PICU who received furosemide or aminophylline to treat intraoperative oliguria. INTERVENTIONS Intraoperative oliguria was treated either with furosemide (September 2007 to February 2012) or with aminophylline (February 2012 to June 2013). The postoperative 48 hours renal outcomes of the aminophylline group were compared with the furosemide group. The primary outcomes were acute kidney injury and renal replacement therapy use at 48 hours postoperatively. Surgical complexity was accounted for by the use of Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery-1 score. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The study involves 69 months of observation. There were 200 cases younger than 21 years old reviewed for this study. Eighty-five cases (42.5%) developed acute kidney injury. The aminophylline group patients produced significantly more urine (mL/kg/hr) during the first 8 hours postoperatively than furosemide patients (5.1 vs 3.4 mL/kg/hr; p = 0.01). The urine output at 48 hours postoperatively was similar between the two groups. There was no difference in acute kidney injury incidence at 48 hours between the aminophylline and furosemide groups (38% vs 47%, respectively; p = 0.29). Fewer aminophylline group subjects required renal replacement therapy compared to the furosemide group subjects (n = 1 vs 7, respectively; p = 0.03). In the multi-variant predictive model, intraoperative aminophylline infusion was noted as a negative predictive factor for renal replacement therapy, but not for cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury. CONCLUSION The intraoperative use of aminophylline was more effective than furosemide in reversal of oliguria in the early postoperative period. There were less renal replacement therapy-requiring acute kidney injury in children in the aminophylline group. Future prospective studies of intraoperative aminophylline to prevent cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury may be warranted.
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Harris PS, Roy SR, Coughlan C, Orlicky DJ, Liang Y, Shearn CT, Roede JR, Fritz KS. Chronic ethanol consumption induces mitochondrial protein acetylation and oxidative stress in the kidney. Redox Biol 2015; 6:33-40. [PMID: 26177469 PMCID: PMC4511634 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we present the novel findings that chronic ethanol consumption induces mitochondrial protein hyperacetylation in the kidney and correlates with significantly increased renal oxidative stress. A major proteomic footprint of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is an increase in hepatic mitochondrial protein acetylation. Protein hyperacetylation has been shown to alter enzymatic function of numerous proteins and plays a role in regulating metabolic processes. Renal mitochondrial targets of hyperacetylation include numerous metabolic and antioxidant pathways, such as lipid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and amino acid metabolism, as well as glutathione and thioredoxin pathways. Disruption of protein lysine acetylation has the potential to impair renal function through metabolic dysregulation and decreased antioxidant capacity. Due to a significant elevation in ethanol-mediated renal oxidative stress, we highlight the acetylation of superoxide dismutase, peroxiredoxins, glutathione reductase, and glutathione transferase enzymes. Since oxidative stress is a known factor in ethanol-induced nephrotoxicity, we examined biochemical markers of protein hyperacetylation and oxidative stress. Our results demonstrate increased protein acetylation concurrent with depleted glutathione, altered Cys redox potential, and the presence of 4-HNE protein modifications in our 6-week model of early-stage alcoholic nephrotoxicity. These findings support the hypothesis that ethanol metabolism causes an influx of mitochondrial metabolic substrate, resulting in mitochondrial protein hyperacetylation with the potential to impact mitochondrial metabolic and antioxidant processes. Chronic ethanol metabolism induces mitochondrial protein hyperacetylation in the kidney. Ethanol-induced hyperacetylation occurs on metabolic and antioxidant proteins. The onset of renal oxidative stress correlates with mitochondrial protein hyperacetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Harris
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Samantha R Roy
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christina Coughlan
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yongliang Liang
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Colin T Shearn
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - James R Roede
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kristofer S Fritz
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Torell F, Bennett K, Cereghini S, Rännar S, Lundstedt-Enkel K, Moritz T, Haumaitre C, Trygg J, Lundstedt T. Multi-Organ Contribution to the Metabolic Plasma Profile Using Hierarchical Modelling. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129260. [PMID: 26086868 PMCID: PMC4472231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hierarchical modelling was applied in order to identify the organs that contribute to the levels of metabolites in plasma. Plasma and organ samples from gut, kidney, liver, muscle and pancreas were obtained from mice. The samples were analysed using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC TOF-MS) at the Swedish Metabolomics centre, Umeå University, Sweden. The multivariate analysis was performed by means of principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projections to latent structures (OPLS). The main goal of this study was to investigate how each organ contributes to the metabolic plasma profile. This was performed using hierarchical modelling. Each organ was found to have a unique metabolic profile. The hierarchical modelling showed that the gut, kidney and liver demonstrated the greatest contribution to the metabolic pattern of plasma. For example, we found that metabolites were absorbed in the gut and transported to the plasma. The kidneys excrete branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) and fatty acids are transported in the plasma to the muscles and liver. Lactic acid was also found to be transported from the pancreas to plasma. The results indicated that hierarchical modelling can be utilized to identify the organ contribution of unknown metabolites to the metabolic profile of plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Torell
- Computational Life Science Cluster (CLiC), Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Silvia Cereghini
- CNRS, UMR7622, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, UMR7622, 75005, Paris, France
- Inserm U-1156, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Cecile Haumaitre
- CNRS, UMR7622, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, UMR7622, 75005, Paris, France
- Inserm U-1156, Paris, France
| | - Johan Trygg
- Computational Life Science Cluster (CLiC), Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Zukowska P, Kutryb-Zajac B, Toczek M, Smolenski RT, Slominska EM. The role of ecto-5'-nucleotidase in endothelial dysfunction and vascular pathologies. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:675-81. [PMID: 26321267 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (e5NT, CD73) is an enzyme that is highly expressed in endothelium and is involved in the extracellular nucleotide catabolism. CD73 converts AMP to adenosine that via specific subtypes of P1 receptor mediates cytoprotection involving diverse mechanisms such as vasodilatation, suppression of inflammation, inhibition of thrombosis and anti-adrenergic effect. Physiological intravascular concentration of adenosine is in nanomolar range, but could become micromolar in response to various forms of stress. Endothelium is a major site for both CD73 mediated production of adenosine and its cytoprotective effect. Nucleotides (predominantly ATP or ADP) that could be released from different cells via controlled specific of unspecific mechanisms constitute a major source of substrate for adenosine production via CD73. Direct effects of extracellular nucleotides (mediated by P2 receptors) are typically opposite to adenosine P1 mediated activities. Retention of nucleotides and decreased adenosine production due to loss of CD73 function may have negative implications and could be important cause of various pathologies. Protective role of CD73 was indicated in ectopic calcification, atherosclerosis, rejection after xenotransplantation and thrombosis. Reduced activity of CD73 due to lymphocyte contact with endothelium increases its permeability that leads to enhanced leukocyte transmigration. Upregulation of endothelial CD73 may therefore be protective in a number of cardiovascular pathologies. Such effect has been confirmed for some common drugs such as statins and it could be part of its pleiotropic portfolio. Activation of CD73 could be a new target for specific treatment strategy that in particular will enhance endothelial protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Zukowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Marta Toczek
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Ewa M Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Burnstock G, Evans LC, Bailey MA. Purinergic signalling in the kidney in health and disease. Purinergic Signal 2014; 10:71-101. [PMID: 24265071 PMCID: PMC3944043 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-013-9400-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of purinergic signalling in kidney physiology and pathophysiology is rapidly gaining recognition and this is a comprehensive review of early and recent publications in the field. Purinergic signalling involvement is described in several important intrarenal regulatory mechanisms, including tuboglomerular feedback, the autoregulatory response of the glomerular and extraglomerular microcirculation and the control of renin release. Furthermore, purinergic signalling influences water and electrolyte transport in all segments of the renal tubule. Reports about purine- and pyrimidine-mediated actions in diseases of the kidney, including polycystic kidney disease, nephritis, diabetes, hypertension and nephrotoxicant injury are covered and possible purinergic therapeutic strategies discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK,
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Braam B, Cupples WA, Joles JA, Gaillard C. Systemic arterial and venous determinants of renal hemodynamics in congestive heart failure. Heart Fail Rev 2013; 17:161-75. [PMID: 21553212 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-011-9246-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Heart and kidney interactions are fascinating, in the sense that failure of the one organ strongly affects the function of the other. In this review paper, we analyze how principal driving forces for glomerular filtration and renal blood flow are changed in heart failure. Moreover, renal autoregulation and modulation of neurohumoral factors, which can both have repercussions on renal function, are analyzed. Two paradigms seem to apply. One is that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), and extracellular volume control are the three main determinants of renal function in heart failure. The other is that the classical paradigm to analyze renal dysfunction that is widely applied in nephrology also applies to the pathophysiology of heart failure: pre-renal, intra-renal, and post-renal alterations together determine glomerular filtration. At variance with the classical paradigm is that the most important post-renal factor in heart failure seems renal venous hypertension that, by increasing renal tubular pressure, decreases GFR. When different pharmacological strategies to inhibit the RAS and SNS and to assist renal volume control are considered, there is a painful lack in knowledge about how widely applied drugs affect primary driving forces for ultrafiltration, renal autoregulation, and neurohumoral control. We call for more clinical physiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branko Braam
- Department of Medicine/Division of Nephrology and Immunology, University of Alberta Hospital, 11-132 CSB Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada.
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Zimmermann H, Zebisch M, Sträter N. Cellular function and molecular structure of ecto-nucleotidases. Purinergic Signal 2012; 8:437-502. [PMID: 22555564 PMCID: PMC3360096 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-012-9309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 768] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecto-nucleotidases play a pivotal role in purinergic signal transmission. They hydrolyze extracellular nucleotides and thus can control their availability at purinergic P2 receptors. They generate extracellular nucleosides for cellular reuptake and salvage via nucleoside transporters of the plasma membrane. The extracellular adenosine formed acts as an agonist of purinergic P1 receptors. They also can produce and hydrolyze extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate that is of major relevance in the control of bone mineralization. This review discusses and compares four major groups of ecto-nucleotidases: the ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases, ecto-5'-nucleotidase, ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases, and alkaline phosphatases. Only recently and based on crystal structures, detailed information regarding the spatial structures and catalytic mechanisms has become available for members of these four ecto-nucleotidase families. This permits detailed predictions of their catalytic mechanisms and a comparison between the individual enzyme groups. The review focuses on the principal biochemical, cell biological, catalytic, and structural properties of the enzymes and provides brief reference to tissue distribution, and physiological and pathophysiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Zimmermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Biologicum, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Abstract
Chronic heart failure (CHF) remains the only cardiovascular disease with an increasing hospitalization burden and an ongoing drain on health care expenditures. The prevalence of CHF increases with advancing life span, with diastolic heart failure predominating in the elderly population. Primary prevention of coronary artery disease and risk factor management via aggressive blood pressure control are central in preventing new occurrences of left ventricular dysfunction. Optimal therapy for CHF involves identification and correction of potentially reversible precipitants, target-dose titration of medical therapy, and management of hospitalizations for decompensation. The etiological phenotype, absolute decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction and a widening of QRS duration on electrocardiography, is commonly used to identify patients at increased risk of progression of heart failure and sudden death who may benefit from prophylactic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement with or without cardiac resynchronization therapy. Patients who transition to advanced stages of disease despite optimal traditional medical and device therapy may be candidates for hemodynamically directed approaches such as a left ventricular assist device; in selected cases, listing for cardiac transplant may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mandeep R. Mehra
- Address correspondence to Mandeep R. Mehra, MBBS, Division of Cardiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S Greene St, Room S-3B06, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559 (). Individual reprints of this article and a bound reprint of the entire Symposium on Cardiovascular Diseases will be available for purchase from our Web site www.mayoclinicproceedings.com
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Shah RV, Givertz MM. Managing acute renal failure in patients with acute decompensated heart failure: the cardiorenal syndrome. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2009; 6:176-81. [PMID: 19723459 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-009-0025-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In patients with acute decompensated heart failure, worsening renal function during conventional decongestive therapy (cardiorenal syndrome) affects prognosis and the initiation of therapies with known benefit in chronic heart failure. Potential strategies for decongestion in patients who develop cardiorenal syndrome include invasive hemodynamic monitoring to guide therapy, use of continuous diuretic infusions, ultrafiltration, or novel therapy with adenosine or vasopressin receptor antagonists. Clinical trials by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Heart Failure Network are currently underway to validate such therapies in patients with acute decompensated heart failure with worsening renal function and to establish novel biomarkers for the early identification of patients who develop cardiorenal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi V Shah
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Adenosine deamination to inosine in isolated basolateral membrane from kidney proximal tubule: implications for modulation of the membrane-associated protein kinase A. Arch Biochem Biophys 2009; 486:44-50. [PMID: 19327339 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2009.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Revised: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the metabolism of adenosine by isolated BLM associated-enzymes and the implications of this process for the cAMP-signaling pathway are investigated. Inosine was identified as the major metabolic product, suggesting the presence of adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in the BLM. This was confirmed by immunoblotting and ADA-specific enzyme assay. Implications for the enzymatic deamination of adenosine on the receptor-modulated cAMP-signaling pathway were also investigated. We observed that inosine induced a 2-fold increase in [(35)S] GTPgammaS binding to the BLM and it was inhibited by 10(-6)M DPCPX, an A(1) receptor-selective antagonist. Inosine (10(-7)M) inhibited protein kinase A activity in a DPCPX-sensitive manner. Molecular association between ADA and G(alphai-3) protein-coupled A(1) receptor was demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation assay. These data show that adenosine is deaminated by A(1) receptor-associated ADA to inosine, which in turn modulates PKA in the BLM through A(1) receptor-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase.
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Cook N, Fraser SA, Katerelos M, Katsis F, Gleich K, Mount PF, Steinberg GR, Levidiotis V, Kemp BE, Power DA. Low salt concentrations activate AMP-activated protein kinase in mouse macula densa cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009; 296:F801-9. [PMID: 19176702 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.90372.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The energy-sensing kinase AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is associated with the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter NKCC2 in the kidney and phosphorylates it on a regulatory site in vitro. To identify a potential role for AMPK in salt sensing at the macula densa, we have used the murine macula densa cell line MMDD1. In this cell line, AMPK was rapidly activated by isosmolar low-salt conditions. In contrast to the known salt-sensing pathway in the macula densa, AMPK activation occurred in the presence of either low sodium or low chloride and was unaffected by inhibition of NKCC2 with bumetanide. Assays using recombinant AMPK demonstrated activation of an upstream kinase by isosmolar low salt. The specific calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase inhibitor STO-609 failed to suppress AMPK activation, suggesting that it was not part of the signal pathway. AMPK activation was associated with increased phosphorylation of the specific substrate acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) at Ser(79), as well as increased NKCC2 phosphorylation at Ser(126). AMPK activation due to low salt concentrations was inhibited by an adenovirus construct encoding a kinase dead mutant of AMPK, leading to reduced ACC Ser(79) and NKCC2 Ser(126) phosphorylation. This work demonstrates that AMPK activation in macula densa-like cells occurs via isosmolar changes in sodium or chloride concentration, leading to phosphorylation of ACC and NKCC2. Phosphorylation of these substrates in vivo is predicted to increase intracellular chloride and so reduce the effect of salt restriction on tubuloglomerular feedback and renin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Cook
- Dept. of Nephrology, Austin Health, Studley Rd., Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia.
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Sica D. Renal Function, Diuretic Action, and Heart Failure: A Therapeutic Conundrum. J Card Fail 2007; 13:698-700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2007.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Accepted: 10/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Givertz MM, Massie BM, Fields TK, Pearson LL, Dittrich HC. The Effects of KW-3902, an Adenosine A1-Receptor Antagonist,on Diuresis and Renal Function in Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure and Renal Impairment or Diuretic Resistance. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 50:1551-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2007] [Revised: 05/22/2007] [Accepted: 07/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Jenner TL, Rose'Meyer RB. Loss of vascular adenosine A1 receptors with age in the rat heart. Vascul Pharmacol 2006; 45:341-9. [PMID: 16824805 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2006.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2006] [Revised: 04/28/2006] [Accepted: 05/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of age on adenosine A1 receptor (ADORA1) mediated vascular, inotropic and chronotropic functional responses in isolated rat hearts. METHODS NECA (5'-(N-ethylcarboxamido)adenosine) and R-PIA (R-N6-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)adenosine) concentration-response curves were produced in Langendorff prepared hearts isolated from immature (6 weeks), young (16 weeks) and mature (52 weeks) male Wistar rats and the effects of DPCPX (ADORA1 antagonist, 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine, 30 nM) and pertussis toxin pre-treatment (PTX, 48 h, 10 microg/kg i.p., inhibits G(i/o)-protein) were observed. RESULTS NECA mediated coronary vasodilation and induced biphasic concentration-response curves in hearts from immature rats (pEC50 8.5 (8.1-8.9) and 11.3 (10.3-12.3)). At the low sensitivity site, the potency of NECA increased in young but not mature rats and remained unchanged at the high sensitivity site. Both DPCPX and PTX each blocked NECA at the high sensitivity site in immature rats, producing monophasic concentration-response curves (pEC50 8.6 (8.5-9.9) for DPCPX and pEC50 8.7 (8.3-9.0) for PTX), but not in young and mature rats. A vasoconstrictor response was observed at low NECA concentrations in hearts from PTX pre-treated immature rats, but not in hearts from young and mature rats, and the response was inhibited by DPCPX. No age related changes were observed in R-PIA mediated negative inotropic and chronotropic responses (P>0.05). CONCLUSION ADORA1 mediates a vasodilator response as well as a vasoconstrictor response in the coronary resistance vessels; the latter occurs via a PTX-insensitive pathway and declines with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamsin L Jenner
- School of Medical Sciences, Griffith University Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 9726, Australia.
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