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Miller-Little WA, Chen X, Salazar V, Liu C, Bulek K, Zhou JY, Li X, Stüve O, Stappenbeck T, Dubyak G, Zhao J, Li X. A T H17-intrinsic IL-1β-STAT5 axis drives steroid resistance in autoimmune neuroinflammation. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eabq1558. [PMID: 38701190 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abq1558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Steroid resistance poses a major challenge for the management of autoimmune neuroinflammation. T helper 17 (TH17) cells are widely implicated in the pathology of steroid resistance; however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In this study, we identified that interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) blockade rendered experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice sensitive to dexamethasone (Dex) treatment. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) induced a signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5)-mediated steroid-resistant transcriptional program in TH17 cells, which promoted inflammatory cytokine production and suppressed Dex-induced anti-inflammatory genes. TH17-specific deletion of STAT5 ablated the IL-1β-induced steroid-resistant transcriptional program and rendered EAE mice sensitive to Dex treatment. IL-1β synergized with Dex to promote the STAT5-dependent expression of CD69 and the development of central nervous system (CNS)-resident CD69+ TH17 cells. Combined IL-1R blockade and Dex treatment ablated CNS-resident TH17 cells, reduced EAE severity, and prevented relapse. CD69+ tissue-resident TH17 cells were also detected in brain lesions of patients with multiple sclerosis. These findings (i) demonstrate that IL-1β-STAT5 signaling in TH17 cells mediates steroid resistance and (ii) identify a therapeutic strategy for reversing steroid resistance in TH17-mediated CNS autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Miller-Little
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Vanessa Salazar
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Caini Liu
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Katarzyna Bulek
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Julie Y Zhou
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xiao Li
- Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Olaf Stüve
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Neurology Section, VA North Texas Health Care System, Medical Service Dallas, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Thaddeus Stappenbeck
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - George Dubyak
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Junjie Zhao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Mozaffari MS, Abdelsayed R, Emami S, Kavuri S. Expression profiles of glucocorticoid-inducible proteins in human papilloma virus-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:1285139. [PMID: 37954869 PMCID: PMC10634427 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1285139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human papillomavirus virus-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV-OPSCC) comprises a significant portion of head and neck cancers. Several glucocorticoid-inducible proteins play important roles in pathogenesis of some cancers but their status and roles in HPV-OPSCC remain elusive; these include the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ), Annexin-A1 and serum glucocorticoid-regulated kinase-1 (SGK-1). Methods We determined expression profiles of these proteins, using immunohistochemistry, in archived biopsy samples of patients diagnosed with HPV-OPSCC; samples of non-cancer oral lesions (e.g., hyperkeratosis) were used as controls. Results GILZ staining was primarily confined to nuclei of all tissues but, in HPV-OPSCC specimens, neoplastic cells exhibiting mitosis displayed prominent cytoplasmic GILZ expression. On the other hand, nuclear, cytoplasmic and membranous Annexin-A1 staining was observed in suprabasal cell layers of control specimens. A noted feature of the HPV-OPSCC specimens was few clusters of matured and differentiated nonbasaloid cells that showed prominent nuclear and cytoplasmic Annexin-A1 staining while the remainder of the tumor mass was devoid of staining. Cytoplasmic and nuclear staining for SGK-1 was prominent for control than PV-OPSCC specimens while staining for phosphorylated SGK-1 (pSGK-1; active) was prominent for cell membrane and cytoplasm of control specimens but HPV-OPSCC specimens showed mild and patchy nuclear and cytoplasmic staining. Semi-quantitative analysis of GILZ immunostaining indicated increased staining area but similar normalized staining for HPV-OPSCC compared to control specimens. By contrast, staining area and normalized staining were reduced for other proteins in HPV-OPSCC than control specimens. Discussion Our collective observations suggest differential cellular localization and expression of glucocorticoid-inducible proteins in HPV-OPSCC suggestive of different functional roles in pathogenesis of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood S. Mozaffari
- Departmentof Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Rafik Abdelsayed
- Departmentof Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Sahar Emami
- Departmentof Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Sravan Kavuri
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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Islam R, Sultana N, Haque Z, Rafiqul Islam M. Effect of dietary dexamethasone on the morphologic and morphometric adaptations in the lymphoid organs and mortality rate in broilers. Vet Med Sci 2023. [PMID: 37067539 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymus, bursa of Fabricius and spleen are the major lymphoid organs of avian species that plays a crucial role in their immunity. Though glucocorticoids are reportedly used as growth promoters, they also suppress the immune system. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the morphologic and morphometric adaptations in the lymphoid organs as well as the mortality rate in broilers in response to long-term treatment with dexamethasone (DEX). METHODS A total of 80 one-day-old broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were randomly divided into four homogenous groups (control - C and treatment groups - T1, T2, and T3). The treatment groups received DEX at the rate of 3, 5, and 7 mg/kg commercial feed. Samples, i.e. thymus, bursa of Fabricius, and spleen, were collected on 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of the experiment. Relative weight of the organs was calculated on each sampling day. The tissues were then processed and stained with haematoxylin and eosin stain for morphological and morphometric study. RESULTS The relative weight of lymphoid organs was found substantially (p < 0.05) less in the DEX-treated groups. Significant (p < 0.05) reduction in lobular size and the cortical-medullary ratio was observed in the thymus of the DEX-treated broilers. Follicular atrophy and massive depletion of lymphocytes were evident in the bursa of Fabricius. The mortality rate was also increased which was largely dependent on the dose and duration of DEX treatment. CONCLUSIONS The study results indicate that DEX treatment can alter the morphology and morphometry of lymphoid organs which might result in severe immunosuppression and increased mortality rate in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Nasrin Sultana
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Ziaul Haque
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Khadka S, Druffner SR, Duncan BC, Busada JT. Glucocorticoid regulation of cancer development and progression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1161768. [PMID: 37143725 PMCID: PMC10151568 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1161768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones that regulate a host of cellular and physiological functions. However, they are arguably best known for their potent anti-inflammatory properties. Chronic inflammation is well-known to promote the development and progression of numerous types of cancer, and emerging evidence suggests that glucocorticoid regulation of inflammation affects cancer development. However, the timing, intensity, and duration of glucocorticoid signaling have important but often contradictory effects on cancer development. Moreover, glucocorticoids are widely used in parallel with radiation and chemotherapy to control pain, dyspnea, and swelling, but their use may compromise anti-tumor immunity. This review will explore the effects of glucocorticoids on cancer development and progression with particular focus on pro and anti-tumor immunity.
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Dankers W, Northcott M, Bennett T, D’Cruz A, Sherlock R, Gearing LJ, Hertzog P, Russ B, Miceli I, Scheer S, Fujishiro M, Hayakawa K, Ikeda K, Morand EF, Jones SA. Type 1 interferon suppresses expression and glucocorticoid induction of glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ). Front Immunol 2022; 13:1034880. [PMID: 36505447 PMCID: PMC9727222 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1034880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SLE is a systemic multi-organ autoimmune condition associated with reduced life expectancy and quality of life. Glucocorticoids (GC) are heavily relied on for SLE treatment but are associated with detrimental metabolic effects. Type 1 interferons (IFN) are central to SLE pathogenesis and may confer GC insensitivity. Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) mediates many effects of GC relevant to SLE pathogenesis, but the effect of IFN on GC regulation of GILZ is unknown. We performed in vitro experiments using human PBMC to examine the effect of IFN on GILZ expression. JAK inhibitors tofacitinib and tosylate salt were used in vivo and in vitro respectively to investigate JAK-STAT pathway dependence of our observations. ChiP was performed to examine glucocorticoid receptor (GR) binding at the GILZ locus. Several public data sets were mined for correlating clinical data. High IFN was associated with suppressed GILZ and reduced GILZ relevant to GC exposure in a large SLE population. IFN directly reduced GILZ expression and suppressed the induction of GILZ by GC in vitro in human leukocytes. IFN actions on GILZ expression were dependent on the JAK1/Tyk2 pathway, as evidenced by loss of the inhibitory effect of IFN on GILZ in the presence of JAK inhibitors. Activation of this pathway led to reduced GR binding in key regulatory regions of the GILZ locus. IFN directly suppresses GILZ expression and GILZ upregulation by GC, indicating a potential mechanism for IFN-induced GC resistance. This work has important implications for the ongoing development of targeted GC-sparing therapeutics in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Dankers
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Melissa Northcott
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Taylah Bennett
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Akshay D’Cruz
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rochelle Sherlock
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Linden J. Gearing
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Hertzog
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brendan Russ
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Iolanda Miceli
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sebastian Scheer
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Maki Fujishiro
- Institutes for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Hayakawa
- Institutes for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keigo Ikeda
- Institutes for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan,Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eric F. Morand
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah A. Jones
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,*Correspondence: Sarah A. Jones,
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The Role of GILZ in Lipid Metabolism and Adipocyte Biology. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2022; 163:106668. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Caratti B, Fidan M, Caratti G, Breitenecker K, Engler M, Kazemitash N, Traut R, Wittig R, Casanova E, Ahmadian MR, Tuckermann JP, Moll HP, Cirstea IC. The glucocorticoid receptor associates with RAS complexes to inhibit cell proliferation and tumor growth. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabm4452. [PMID: 35316097 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abm4452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Mutations that activate members of the RAS family of GTPases are associated with various cancers and drive tumor growth. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a member of the nuclear receptor family, has been proposed to interact with and inhibit the activation of components of the PI3K-AKT and MAPK pathways downstream of RAS. In the absence of activating ligands, we found that GR was present in cytoplasmic KRAS-containing complexes and inhibited the activation of wild-type and oncogenic KRAS in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and human lung cancer A549 cells. The DNA binding domain of GR was involved in the interaction with KRAS, but GR-dependent inhibition of RAS activation did not depend on the nuclear translocation of GR. The addition of ligand released GR-dependent inhibition of RAS, AKT, the MAPK p38, and the MAPKK MEK. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated deletion of GR in A549 cells enhanced tumor growth in xenografts in mice. Patient samples of non-small cell lung carcinomas showed lower expression of NR3C1, the gene encoding GR, compared to adjacent normal tissues and lower NR3C1 expression correlated with a worse disease outcome. These results suggest that glucocorticoids prevent the ability of GR to limit tumor growth by inhibiting RAS activation, which has potential implications for the use of glucocorticoids in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhena Caratti
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Miray Fidan
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Giorgio Caratti
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Kristina Breitenecker
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Melanie Engler
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Naser Kazemitash
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Rebecca Traut
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Rainer Wittig
- Institute for Laser Technologies in Medicine and Metrology (ILM), University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 12, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Emilio Casanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Mohammad Reza Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, Building 22.03.05, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan P Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Herwig P Moll
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Ion Cristian Cirstea
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Mozaffari MS, Abdelsayed R. Expression Profiles of GILZ and SGK-1 in Potentially Malignant and Malignant Human Oral Lesions. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 2:675288. [PMID: 35048019 PMCID: PMC8757717 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.675288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper and serum-glucocorticoid-regulated kinase-1 (SGK-1) are major glucocorticoid-inducible proteins. Recent studies indicate the local production of cortisol in oral mucosa, which can impact the tissue generation of glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) and SGK-1. Furthermore, GILZ and SGK-1 play pathogenic roles in a variety of cancers, but their status in potentially malignant (e.g., epithelial dysplasia) or malignant oral lesions remains unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that expression profiles of GILZ and SGK-1, along with the phosphorylated (active) form of SGK-1 (pSGK-1), are different in epithelial dysplasia than squamous cell carcinoma. Accordingly, archived paraffin-embedded biopsy samples were subjected to immunohistochemistry to establish tissue localization and the profile of proteins of interest, while hematoxylin-eosin stained tissues were used for histopathological assessment. Based on histopathological examinations, tissue specimens were categorized as displaying mild-moderate or severe epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma; benign keratosis specimens served as controls. All the tissue specimens showed staining for SGK-1 and pSGK-1; however, while SGK-1 staining was primarily cytoplasmic, pSGK-1 was mainly confined to the cell membrane. On the other hand, all the tissue specimens displayed primarily nuclear staining for GILZ. A semi-quantitative analysis of immunohistochemistry staining indicates increased GILZ expression in epithelial dysplasia but reversal in squamous cell carcinoma to a level seen for benign keratosis. On the other hand, the SGK-1 and pSGK-1 expressions decreased for squamous cell carcinoma specimens compared with benign keratosis or dysplastic specimens. Collectively, in this cross-sectional study, immunostaining patterns for proteins of interest do not seemingly differentiate epithelial dysplasia from squamous cell carcinoma. However, subcellular localization and expression profiles for GILZ, SGK-1, and pSGK-1 are suggestive of differential functional roles in dysplastic or malignant oral lesions compared with benign keratosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood S Mozaffari
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Rafik Abdelsayed
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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Bruscoli S, Riccardi C, Ronchetti S. GILZ as a Regulator of Cell Fate and Inflammation. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010122. [PMID: 35011684 PMCID: PMC8750894 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the human body’s initial responses to stress is the adrenal response, involving the release of mediators that include adrenaline and glucocorticoids (GC). GC are involved in controlling the inflammatory and immune response mechanisms. Of these, the molecular mechanisms that contribute to anti-inflammatory effects warrant more investigation. Previously, we found that GC induced GILZ (glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper) quickly and widely in thymocytes, T lymphocytes, and other leukocytes. GILZ regulates the activation of cells and is an essential mediator of endogenous GC and the majority of GC anti-inflammatory effects. Further research in this regard could lead to the development of an anti-inflammatory treatment that yields the therapeutic outcomes of GC but without their characteristic adverse effects. Here, we examine the mechanisms of GILZ in the context of GC. Specifically, we review its role in the proliferation and differentiation of cells and in apoptosis. We also examine its involvement in immune cells (macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, T and B lymphocytes), and in non-immune cells, including cancer cells. In conclusion, GILZ is an anti-inflammatory molecule that could mediate the immunomodulatory activities of GC, with less adverse effects, and could be a target molecule for designing new therapies to treat inflammatory diseases.
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Kim J, Jeon YJ, Lim SC, Ryu J, Lee JH, Chang IY, You HJ. Akt-mediated Ephexin1-Ras interaction promotes oncogenic Ras signaling and colorectal and lung cancer cell proliferation. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1013. [PMID: 34711817 PMCID: PMC8553951 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRCT Ephexin1 was reported to be highly upregulated by oncogenic Ras, but the functional consequences of this remain poorly understood. Here, we show that Ephexin1 is highly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and lung cancer (LC) patient tissues. Knockdown of Ephexin1 markedly inhibited the cell growth of CRC and LC cells with oncogenic Ras mutations. Ephexin1 contributes to the positive regulation of Ras-mediated downstream target genes and promotes Ras-induced skin tumorigenesis. Mechanically, Akt phosphorylates Ephexin1 at Ser16 and Ser18 (pSer16/18) and pSer16/18 Ephexin1 then interacts with oncogenic K-Ras to promote downstream MAPK signaling, facilitating tumorigenesis. Furthermore, pSer16/18 Ephexin1 is associated with both an increased tumor grade and metastatic cases of CRC and LC, and those that highly express pSer16/18 exhibit poor overall survival rates. These data indicate that Ephexin1 plays a critical role in the Ras-mediated CRC and LC and pSer16/18 Ephexin1 might be an effective therapeutic target for CRC and LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeho Kim
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Cancer therapeutics, Chosun University School of medicine, 375 Seosuk-Dong, Gwangju, 501-759, South Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Chosun University School of medicine, 375 Seosuk-Dong, Gwangju, 501-759, South Korea
| | - Young Jin Jeon
- Department of Pharmacology, Chosun University School of medicine, 375 Seosuk-Dong, Gwangju, 501-759, South Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Lim
- Department of Pathology, Chosun University School of medicine, 375 Seosuk-Dong, Gwangju, 501-759, South Korea
| | - Joohyun Ryu
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Jung-Hee Lee
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Cancer therapeutics, Chosun University School of medicine, 375 Seosuk-Dong, Gwangju, 501-759, South Korea
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Chosun University School of medicine, 375 Seosuk-Dong, Gwangju, 501-759, South Korea
| | - In-Youb Chang
- Department of Anatomy, Chosun University School of medicine, 375 Seosuk-Dong, Gwangju, 501-759, South Korea.
| | - Ho Jin You
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Cancer therapeutics, Chosun University School of medicine, 375 Seosuk-Dong, Gwangju, 501-759, South Korea.
- Department of Pharmacology, Chosun University School of medicine, 375 Seosuk-Dong, Gwangju, 501-759, South Korea.
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Akt-mediated Ephexin1-Ras interaction promotes oncogenic Ras signaling and colorectal and lung cancer cell proliferation. Cell Death Dis 2021. [PMID: 34711817 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04332-0.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRCT Ephexin1 was reported to be highly upregulated by oncogenic Ras, but the functional consequences of this remain poorly understood. Here, we show that Ephexin1 is highly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and lung cancer (LC) patient tissues. Knockdown of Ephexin1 markedly inhibited the cell growth of CRC and LC cells with oncogenic Ras mutations. Ephexin1 contributes to the positive regulation of Ras-mediated downstream target genes and promotes Ras-induced skin tumorigenesis. Mechanically, Akt phosphorylates Ephexin1 at Ser16 and Ser18 (pSer16/18) and pSer16/18 Ephexin1 then interacts with oncogenic K-Ras to promote downstream MAPK signaling, facilitating tumorigenesis. Furthermore, pSer16/18 Ephexin1 is associated with both an increased tumor grade and metastatic cases of CRC and LC, and those that highly express pSer16/18 exhibit poor overall survival rates. These data indicate that Ephexin1 plays a critical role in the Ras-mediated CRC and LC and pSer16/18 Ephexin1 might be an effective therapeutic target for CRC and LC.
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12
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Falcinelli M, Thaker PH, Lutgendorf SK, Conzen SD, Flaherty RL, Flint MS. The Role of Psychologic Stress in Cancer Initiation: Clinical Relevance and Potential Molecular Mechanisms. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5131-5140. [PMID: 34266894 PMCID: PMC8530873 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis that the physiologic response to psychologic stress influences the initiation of cancer is highly controversial. The link between initiating stressors, the psychologic stress response, and disease is plausible, considering that the stress response is associated with defined physiologic outcomes and molecular mechanisms. In light of this, we review the clinical relevance of psychologic stress on the risk of cancer, and we propose potential molecular pathways that may link the stress response to early stages of malignant cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Falcinelli
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Centre for Stress and Age-related Diseases, Moulsecoomb, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Premal H Thaker
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Susan K Lutgendorf
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Suzanne D Conzen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Renée L Flaherty
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie S Flint
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Centre for Stress and Age-related Diseases, Moulsecoomb, Brighton, United Kingdom.
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Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper (GILZ) in Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082155. [PMID: 34440924 PMCID: PMC8394287 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are essential in regulating functions and homeostasis in many biological systems and are extensively used to treat a variety of conditions associated with immune/inflammatory processes. GCs are among the most powerful drugs for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, but their long-term usage is limited by severe adverse effects. For this reason, to envision new therapies devoid of typical GC side effects, research has focused on expanding the knowledge of cellular and molecular effects of GCs. GC-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) is a GC-target protein shown to mediate several actions of GCs, including inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. GILZ expression is not restricted to immune cells, and it has been shown to play a regulatory role in many organs and tissues, including the cardiovascular system. Research on the role of GILZ on endothelial cells has demonstrated its ability to modulate the inflammatory cascade, resulting in a downregulation of cytokines, chemokines, and cellular adhesion molecules. GILZ also has the capacity to protect myocardial cells, as its deletion makes the heart, after a deleterious stimulus, more susceptible to apoptosis, immune cell infiltration, hypertrophy, and impaired function. Despite these advances, we have only just begun to appreciate the relevance of GILZ in cardiovascular homeostasis and dysfunction. This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of GILZ in modulating biological processes relevant to cardiovascular biology.
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Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma in Elderly Patients: Management and Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143479. [PMID: 34298693 PMCID: PMC8303711 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of elderly patients suffering from primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma, who represent a rapidly growing population, is challenging. Despite the advances made in PCNSL treatment, the prognosis in older patients remains unsatisfactory. The high risk of systemic and CNS toxicity induced by a high-dose chemotherapy regimen and radiation therapy, respectively, limits the use of consolidation phase treatments in elderly patients and contributes to the poor outcome of these patients. Here, we review the current treatment strategies and ongoing trials proposed for elderly PCNSL patients.
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15
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Bruscoli S, Febo M, Riccardi C, Migliorati G. Glucocorticoid Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Mechanisms and Clinical Practice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:691480. [PMID: 34149734 PMCID: PMC8209469 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.691480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). IBD etiopathology is multifactorial and involves alteration of immune cells and chronic activation of the inflammatory cascade against yet unknown environmental factors that trigger the disease. IBD therapy aims at improving the quality of life and reducing the risk of disease-related complications to avoid the need for surgery. There is no specific cure for IBDs, and the focus of therapy is supportive measures and use of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are powerful anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agents used to treat many acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. GCs remain basic treatment for moderate-to-severe IBD, but their use is limited by several important adverse drug effects. Topical administration of a second-generation of GCs, such as budesonide and beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), represents a valid alternative to use of older, systemic GCs. Administration of second-generation GCs shows promisingly high topical activity and less systemic toxicity, but maintenance therapy with these new GCs in IBD patients is associated with multiple adverse effects. In this review, we make a comparative analysis of the efficacy of first-generation and second-generation GCs in IBD treatment. Unraveling GC biology at the molecular level to uncouple their clinical benefits from detrimental effects is important. One approach is to consider new GC mediators, such as glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper, which may have similar anti-inflammatory properties, but avoids the side effects of GCs. This in-depth analysis can help to improve the development and the clinical outcomes of GC therapies in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bruscoli
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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16
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Anuntakarun S, Larbcharoensub N, Payungporn S, Reamtong O. Identification of genes associated with Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease using RNA and exome sequencing. Mol Cell Probes 2021; 57:101728. [PMID: 33819568 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2021.101728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) is an extremely rare disease, and although it is reported to have a worldwide distribution, young Asian women are most likely to be affected. Although this disease is generally benign and self-limiting, distinguishing it from other diseases that cause lymphadenopathy (e.g., leukemia, lymphoma, and infectious diseases) is challenging. A lymph node biopsy is a definitive diagnostic technique for KFD and only requires skillful pathologists. There are no specific symptoms or laboratory tests for KFD, and more than 50% of KFD patients have suffered from being misdiagnosed with lymphoma, which leads to improper treatment. In this study, lymph node tissue samples from KFD patients were used to reveal their exomes and transcriptomes using a high-throughput nucleotide sequencer. Fourteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified as candidate KFD markers and were compared with a healthy lymph node exome dataset. The mutation of these genes caused disruptive impact in the proteins. Several SNPs associated with KFD involve genes related to human cancers, olfaction, and osteoblast differentiation. According to the transcriptome data, there were 238 up-regulated and 1,519 down-regulated genes. RANBP2-like and ribosomal protein L13 were the most up-regulated and down-regulated genes in KFD patients, respectively. The altered gene expression involved in the human immune system, chromatin remodeling, and gene transcription. A comparison of KFD and healthy datasets of exomes and transcriptomes may allow further insights into the KFD phenotype. The results may also facilitate future KFD diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtham Anuntakarun
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Noppadol Larbcharoensub
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunchai Payungporn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Research Unit of Systems Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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17
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Cappetta D, De Angelis A, Flamini S, Cozzolino A, Bereshchenko O, Ronchetti S, Cianflone E, Gagliardi A, Ricci E, Rafaniello C, Rossi F, Riccardi C, Berrino L, Bruscoli S, Urbanek K. Deficit of glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper amplifies angiotensin-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:217-228. [PMID: 33247627 PMCID: PMC7810940 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor prognosis in heart failure and the lack of real breakthrough strategies validate targeting myocardial remodelling and the intracellular signalling involved in this process. So far, there are no effective strategies to counteract hypertrophy, an independent predictor of heart failure progression and death. Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) is involved in inflammatory signalling, but its role in cardiac biology is unknown. Using GILZ-knockout (KO) mice and an experimental model of hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, we addressed the role of GILZ in adverse myocardial remodelling. Infusion of angiotensin II (Ang II) resulted in myocardial dysfunction, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, capillary rarefaction and hypertrophy. Interestingly, GILZ-KO showed more evident diastolic dysfunction and aggravated hypertrophic response compared with WT after Ang II administration. Both cardiomyocyte and left ventricular hypertrophy were more pronounced in GILZ-KO mice. On the other hand, Ang II-induced inflammatory and fibrotic phenomena, cell death and reduction in microvascular density, remained invariant between the WT and KO groups. The analysis of regulators of hypertrophic response, GATA4 and FoxP3, demonstrated an up-regulation in WT mice infused with Ang II; conversely, such an increase did not occur in GILZ-KO hearts. These data on myocardial response to Ang II in mice lacking GILZ indicate that this protein is a new element that can be mechanistically involved in cardiovascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Cappetta
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli'NaplesItaly
| | - Antonella De Angelis
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli'NaplesItaly
| | - Sara Flamini
- Department of MedicineSection of PharmacologyUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Anna Cozzolino
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli'NaplesItaly
| | - Oxana Bereshchenko
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and EducationUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Simona Ronchetti
- Department of MedicineSection of PharmacologyUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Eleonora Cianflone
- Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity 'Magna Graecia' of CatanzaroCatanzaroItaly
| | - Andrea Gagliardi
- Department of MedicineSection of PharmacologyUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Erika Ricci
- Department of MedicineSection of PharmacologyUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Concetta Rafaniello
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli'NaplesItaly
| | - Francesco Rossi
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli'NaplesItaly
| | - Carlo Riccardi
- Department of MedicineSection of PharmacologyUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Liberato Berrino
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli'NaplesItaly
| | - Stefano Bruscoli
- Department of MedicineSection of PharmacologyUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Konrad Urbanek
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli'NaplesItaly
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity 'Magna Graecia' of CatanzaroCatanzaroItaly
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18
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Taves MD, Ashwell JD. Glucocorticoids in T cell development, differentiation and function. Nat Rev Immunol 2020; 21:233-243. [PMID: 33149283 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-00464-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are small lipid hormones produced by the adrenals that maintain organismal homeostasis. Circadian and stress-induced changes in systemic GC levels regulate metabolism, cardiovascular and neural function, reproduction and immune activity. Our understanding of GC effects on immunity comes largely from administration of exogenous GCs to treat immune or inflammatory disorders. However, it is increasingly clear that endogenous GCs both promote and suppress T cell immunity. Examples include selecting an appropriate repertoire of T cell receptor (TCR) self-affinities in the thymus, regulating T cell trafficking between anatomical compartments, suppressing type 1 T helper (TH1) cell responses while permitting TH2 cell and, especially, IL-17-producing T helper cell responses, and promoting memory T cell differentiation and maintenance. Furthermore, in addition to functioning at a distance, extra-adrenal (local) production allows GCs to act as paracrine signals, specifically targeting activated T cells in various contexts in the thymus, mucosa and tumours. These pleiotropic effects on different T cell populations during development and immune responses provide a nuanced understanding of how GCs shape immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Taves
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan D Ashwell
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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19
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Verbeke D, Demeyer S, Prieto C, de Bock CE, De Bie J, Gielen O, Jacobs K, Mentens N, Verhoeven BM, Uyttebroeck A, Boeckx N, De Keersmaecker K, Maertens J, Segers H, Cools J. The XPO1 Inhibitor KPT-8602 Synergizes with Dexamethasone in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:5747-5758. [PMID: 32826328 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE KPT-8602 (Eltanexor) is a second-generation exportin-1 (XPO1) inhibitor with potent activity against acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in preclinical models and with minimal effects on normal cells. In this study, we evaluated whether KPT-8602 would synergize with dexamethasone, vincristine, or doxorubicin, three drugs currently used for the treatment of ALL. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN First, we searched for the most synergistic combination of KPT-8602 with dexamethasone, vincristine, or doxorubicin in vitro in both B-ALL and T-ALL cell lines using proliferation and apoptosis as a readout. Next, we validated this synergistic effect by treatment of clinically relevant B- and T-ALL patient-derived xenograft models in vivo. Finally, we performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) to determine the mechanism of synergy. RESULTS KPT-8602 showed strong synergism with dexamethasone on human B-ALL and T-ALL cell lines as well as in vivo in three patient-derived ALL xenografts. Compared with single-drug treatment, the drug combination caused increased apoptosis and led to histone depletion. Mechanistically, integration of ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data revealed that addition of KPT-8602 to dexamethasone enhanced the activity of the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) and led to increased inhibition of E2F-mediated transcription. We observed strong inhibition of E2F target genes related to cell cycle, DNA replication, and transcriptional regulation. CONCLUSIONS Our preclinical study demonstrates that KPT-8602 enhances the effects of dexamethasone to inhibit B-ALL and T-ALL cells via NR3C1- and E2F-mediated transcriptional complexes, allowing to achieve increased dexamethasone effects for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Verbeke
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuvens Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven - UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Demeyer
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuvens Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven - UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cristina Prieto
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuvens Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven - UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charles E de Bock
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jolien De Bie
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuvens Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven - UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olga Gielen
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuvens Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven - UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kris Jacobs
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuvens Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven - UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicole Mentens
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuvens Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven - UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bronte Manouk Verhoeven
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuvens Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven - UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne Uyttebroeck
- Leuvens Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven - UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nancy Boeckx
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kim De Keersmaecker
- Leuvens Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven - UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Maertens
- Leuvens Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven - UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Hematology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Heidi Segers
- Leuvens Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven - UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Cools
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuvens Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven - UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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20
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Clarisse D, Offner F, De Bosscher K. Latest perspectives on glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis and resistance in lymphoid malignancies. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188430. [PMID: 32950642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are essential drugs in the treatment protocols of lymphoid malignancies. These steroidal hormones trigger apoptosis of the malignant cells by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Long term glucocorticoid treatment is limited by two major problems: the development of glucocorticoid-related side effects, which hampers patient quality of life, and the emergence of glucocorticoid resistance, which is a gradual process that is inevitable in many patients. This emphasizes the need to reevaluate and optimize the widespread use of glucocorticoids in lymphoid malignancies. To achieve this goal, a deep understanding of the mechanisms governing glucocorticoid responsiveness is required, yet, a recent comprehensive overview is currently lacking. In this review, we examine how glucocorticoids mediate apoptosis by detailing GR's genomic and non-genomic action mechanisms in lymphoid malignancies. We continue with a discussion of the glucocorticoid-related problems and how these are intertwined with one another. We further zoom in on glucocorticoid resistance by critically analyzing the plethora of proposed mechanisms and highlighting therapeutic opportunities that emerge from these studies. In conclusion, early detection of glucocorticoid resistance in patients remains an important challenge as this would result in a timelier treatment reorientation and reduced glucocorticoid-instigated side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Clarisse
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Fritz Offner
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
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21
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Zhai M, Guo Y, Su A, Tian H, Sun G, Kang X, Li K, Yan F. Identification of genes related to dexamethasone-induced immunosuppression in chicken thymus using transcriptome analysis. Res Vet Sci 2020; 132:318-327. [PMID: 32726728 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of stress-induced immunosuppression (SIS) in certain poultry immune organs is not completely clear. In this study, we constructed a stress immunosuppression model by selecting 180 healthy 7-day-old Gushi chickens and dividing them randomly into two groups: a D_T group and a B_T group. The D_T group was given dexamethasone, and the B_T group was given normal saline, according to the treatment method established and reported in our previous study. Thymus samples were subsequently taken from both groups. RNA-seq was used to sequence the transcriptomes of the thymus samples from both groups, and 1278 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained, of which 845 genes were up-regulated and 433 genes were down-regulated (padj<0.05, |FC| ≥ 2, FPKM>1). We identified immune-related gene ontology (GO) terms including immune system processes, immune system process regulation, and T cell activation. The results of KEGG (http: //www.kegg.jp) analysis showed that the DEGs are involved in a variety of immune-related pathways, such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, Jak-STAT signaling pathways, and cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). The cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway involves the DEGs CCR6, CCR5, CD40LG and FAS. The DEGs in the Jak-STAT signaling pathway were SPRY2, BCL2L1. These DEGS play an important role in cell apoptosis. CD40L, CD8, among other genes, are involved in the CAMs pathway. The results of this study add to existing data on the genomic study of stress affecting immune function, and provide a basis for further studies of the molecular mechanisms of stress-influenced immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxi Zhai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yujie Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Aru Su
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Huihui Tian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Guirong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Kui Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Fengbin Yan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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22
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Ronchetti S, Gentili M, Ricci E, Migliorati G, Riccardi C. Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper as a Druggable Target in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:1017-1025. [PMID: 31961437 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic inflammatory disorders with a complex pathogenesis, affecting people of all ages. They are characterized by alternating phases of clinical relapse and remission, depending on the fine balance between immune cells and the gut microbiota. The cross talk between cells of the immune system and the gut microbiota can result in either tolerance or inflammation, according to multifactorial triggers, ranging from environmental factors to genetic susceptibility. Glucocorticoid (GC) administration remains the first-line treatment for IBDs, although long-term use is limited by development of serious adverse effects. Recently, new alternative pharmacological therapies have been developed, although these are not always effective in IBD patients. There is a constant demand for effective new drug targets to guarantee total remission and improve the quality of life for IBD patients. The glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) has been implicated as a promising candidate for this purpose, in view of its powerful anti-inflammatory effects that mimic those of GCs while avoiding their unwanted adverse reactions. Here we present and discuss the latest findings about the involvement of GILZ in IBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Ronchetti
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Gentili
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Erika Ricci
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Riccardi
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Perugia, Italy
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23
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Illescas O, Pacheco-Fernández T, Laclette JP, Rodriguez T, Rodriguez-Sosa M. Immune modulation by the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) family: D-dopachrome tautomerase (DDT) is not (always) a backup system. Cytokine 2020; 133:155121. [PMID: 32417648 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Human macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) is a protein with cytokine and chemokine properties that regulates a diverse range of physiological functions related to innate immunity and inflammation. Most research has focused on the role of MIF in different inflammatory diseases. D-dopachrome tautomerase (DDT), a different molecule with structural similarities to MIF, which shares receptors and biological functions, has recently been reported, but little is known about its roles and mechanisms. In this review, we sought to understand the similarities and differences between these molecules by summarizing what is known about their different structures, receptors and mechanisms regulating their expression and biological activities with an emphasis on immunological aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Illescas
- Biomedicine Unit, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla, MEX C.P. 54090, Mexico
| | - Thalia Pacheco-Fernández
- Biomedicine Unit, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla, MEX C.P. 54090, Mexico
| | - Juan P Laclette
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Tonathiu Rodriguez
- Biomedicine Unit, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla, MEX C.P. 54090, Mexico
| | - Miriam Rodriguez-Sosa
- Biomedicine Unit, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla, MEX C.P. 54090, Mexico.
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24
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Cerquone Perpetuini A, Giuliani G, Reggio A, Cerretani M, Santoriello M, Stefanelli R, Palma A, Vumbaca S, Harper S, Castagnoli L, Bresciani A, Cesareni G. Janus effect of glucocorticoids on differentiation of muscle fibro/adipogenic progenitors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5363. [PMID: 32210313 PMCID: PMC7093513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle resident fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs), support muscle regeneration by releasing cytokines that stimulate the differentiation of myogenic stem cells. However, in non-physiological contexts (myopathies, atrophy, aging) FAPs cause fibrotic and fat infiltrations that impair muscle function. We set out to perform a fluorescence microscopy-based screening to identify compounds that perturb the differentiation trajectories of these multipotent stem cells. From a primary screen of 1,120 FDA/EMA approved drugs, we identified 34 compounds as potential inhibitors of adipogenic differentiation of FAPs isolated from the murine model (mdx) of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The hit list from this screen was surprisingly enriched with compounds from the glucocorticoid (GCs) chemical class, drugs that are known to promote adipogenesis in vitro and in vivo. To shed light on these data, three GCs identified in our screening efforts were characterized by different approaches. We found that like dexamethasone, budesonide inhibits adipogenesis induced by insulin in sub-confluent FAPs. However, both drugs have a pro-adipogenic impact when the adipogenic mix contains factors that increase the concentration of cAMP. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that treatment with glucocorticoids induces the transcription of Gilz/Tsc22d3, an inhibitor of the adipogenic master regulator PPARγ, only in anti-adipogenic conditions. Additionally, alongside their anti-adipogenic effect, GCs are shown to promote terminal differentiation of satellite cells. Both the anti-adipogenic and pro-myogenic effects are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor and are not observed in the presence of receptor inhibitors. Steroid administration currently represents the standard treatment for DMD patients, the rationale being based on their anti-inflammatory effects. The findings presented here offer new insights on additional glucocorticoid effects on muscle stem cells that may affect muscle homeostasis and physiology.
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MESH Headings
- Adipogenesis/drug effects
- Animals
- Budesonide/administration & dosage
- Budesonide/pharmacology
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods
- Glucocorticoids/pharmacology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Muscle Development/drug effects
- Muscle Development/physiology
- Muscle, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/drug therapy
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- PPAR gamma/metabolism
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism
- Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/cytology
- Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/drug effects
- Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/pathology
- Stem Cells/cytology
- Stem Cells/drug effects
- Stem Cells/pathology
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulio Giuliani
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Reggio
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Cerretani
- Department of Biology, IRBM S.p.A., via Pontina Km 30,600, 00071, Pomezia (Roma), Italy
| | | | | | - Alessandro Palma
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Vumbaca
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Steven Harper
- Department of Biology, IRBM S.p.A., via Pontina Km 30,600, 00071, Pomezia (Roma), Italy
| | - Luisa Castagnoli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Bresciani
- Department of Biology, IRBM S.p.A., via Pontina Km 30,600, 00071, Pomezia (Roma), Italy
| | - Gianni Cesareni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Santa Lucia Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
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25
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Gessler F, Bernstock JD, Behmanesh B, Brunnberg U, Harter P, Ye D, Friedman GK, Hansmann ML, Wagner M, Seifert V, Weise L, Marquardt G. The Impact of Early Corticosteroid Pretreatment Before Initiation of Chemotherapy in Patients With Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma. Neurosurgery 2020; 85:264-272. [PMID: 30016483 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyy272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal timing of corticosteroid (CS) treatment in patients with primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma (PCNSL) remains controversial. While poor clinical presentation may justify early treatment with CS, this may ultimately result in reduced concentrations of chemotherapeutic agents via perturbations in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether early CS exposure is associated with beneficial outcomes and/or reduced occurrence of adverse events as opposed to delayed/concomitant administration. METHODS Herein we performed a retrospective observational analysis using patients that were prospectively entered into a database. All patients whom were admitted to the University Hospital between 2009 and 2015 with newly diagnosed PCNSL were included within our study. RESULTS Our cohort included 50 consecutive patients diagnosed with PCNSL; of these, in 30 patients CS administration was initiated prior to chemotherapy (early), whilst in the remaining 20 patients CS administration was initiated concomitantly with their chemotherapeutic regimen (concomitant). Within the early vs concomitant CS administration groups, no significant differences were observed with regard to progression-free survival (PFS) (P = .81), overall survival (OS) (P = .75), or remission (P = .68; odds ratio 0.76 and confidence interval [95%] 0.22-2.71). Critically, the timing of CS initiation was not associated with either PFS (P = .81) or PFS (P = .75). CONCLUSION Early CS administration was not associated with a deterioration in response to chemotherapy, PFS, or OS. As such, administration of CS prior to initiation of chemotherapy is both reasonable and safe for patients with newly diagnosed PCNSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Gessler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Schleusenweg, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Joshua D Bernstock
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bedjan Behmanesh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Schleusenweg, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Uta Brunnberg
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Patrick Harter
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger-Institute), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Ye
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gregory K Friedman
- Neuro-Oncology Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Martin-Leo Hansmann
- Dr Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marlies Wagner
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Volker Seifert
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Schleusenweg, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lutz Weise
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Schleusenweg, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gerhard Marquardt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Schleusenweg, Frankfurt, Germany
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26
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He N, Liu L, Ding J, Sun Y, Xing H, Wang S. MiR-222-3p ameliorates glucocorticoid-induced inhibition of airway epithelial cell repair through down-regulating GILZ expression. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 40:301-312. [PMID: 32202184 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1742739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
GILZ expression is induced by glucocorticoids (GCs) and is involved in the mechanism of airway epithelial cell repair in patients with asthma. The present study aimed to investigate the role of miR-222-3p/GILZ pathway in treatment of airway epithelial cell repair by GCs. 9HTE cells were treated by 10 µmol/L dexamethasone (Dex) for 6, 12, and 24 hours (h). MiR-222-3p mimic and GILZ were used for cell transfection. Cell vitality, migration, and invasion were detected by methyl-thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT), wound healing, and Transwell. The targeting relationship between miR-222-3p and GILZ was predicted by TargetScan and further confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The expressions of relative mRNAs or proteins were detected by Western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The results showed that Dex treatment up-regulated the GILZ expression level but inhibited the levels of p-Raf1, p-MEK1/2, p-ERK1/2, and miR-222-3p of the cells, moreover, it also inhibited cell activity, migration, and invasion in a time-dependent manner. MiR-222-3p specifically targeted GILZ. MiR-222-3p mimic ameliorated the cell viability, migration, and invasion reduced by Dex treatment, increased the expression levels of p-Raf1 and p-MEK1/2, p-ERK1/2, and partially reversed the effects of GILZ overexpression on the above indexes. Moreover, GILZ showed the opposite effects to miR-222-3p. MiR-222-3p activated MAPK signaling pathway through inhibiting the GILZ expression, thus promoting the cell viability, migration, and invasion previously reduced by Dex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning He
- Department of Allergy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Allergy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Juan Ding
- Department of Allergy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Yuemei Sun
- Department of Allergy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Haiyan Xing
- Department of Allergy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Shuyun Wang
- Department of Allergy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
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27
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Marchetti MC, Cannarile L, Ronchetti S, Delfino DV, Riccardi C, Ayroldi E. L-GILZ binds and inhibits nuclear factor κB nuclear translocation in undifferentiated thyroid cancer cells. J Chemother 2020; 32:263-267. [PMID: 32067575 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2020.1728862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Proto-oncogene mutations and abnormal activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling are recurrently found in thyroid cancers. Some thyroid neoplasms respond to drugs that inhibit MAPK pathway activation. Previously, we showed that pharmacological inhibition of MAPK in thyroid cancer cells inhibits cell proliferation and upregulates L-GILZ (long glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper), a protein with anti-oncogenic and antiproliferative activity, and that L-GILZ is partially responsible for the antiproliferative activity of MAPK inhibitors. Here, we demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of MAPK in the anaplastic thyroid cancer cell line CAL-62 upregulated L-GILZ, which bound nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and inhibited its nuclear translocation. These data demonstrate a unique L-GILZ-mediated molecular mechanism that, by trapping NF-κB in the cytoplasm, contributes to the inhibition of proliferation induced by drugs targeting the MAPK transduction cascade. Enhanced knowledge of the mechanism of action of MAPK pathway-inhibiting drugs may improve their clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Marchetti
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lorenza Cannarile
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Simona Ronchetti
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Domenico V Delfino
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlo Riccardi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Emira Ayroldi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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28
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Kuo CE, Chen YM. Characterization of gonadal glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) protein expression during sex change in the protogynous orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 242:110416. [PMID: 32017989 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Steroid hormones have been proven as a key drive of sex change in sequentially hermaphroditic organisms. However, the upstream mechanism of sex steroid hormones regulation that affect sex change remain unknown. The main glucocorticoid in teleost fish is cortisol, which both regulates steroidogenesis and has antistress action. Thus, cortisol might be one of the prime factors in sex change. In this study, the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) gene, was proven to have a dramatic effect in orange-spotted groupers (Epinephelus coioides) during sex change at the early stage of gonadal transition. The specific action of the GILZ protein is at the pouch-shaped proliferative spermatogonia instead of the degenerative oocyte at the onset of sex change. Immunohistochemical (IHC) evidence revealed that GILZ performs intensively at undifferentiated spermatogonia in the early testis stage. These results imply that cortisol provokes a rise of GILZ through regulation caused by steroid hormones leading to sex change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cham-En Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung 92641, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Young-Mao Chen
- Bachelor Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan, ROC; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan, ROC.
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29
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Sevilla LM, Pérez P. Glucocorticoids and Glucocorticoid-Induced-Leucine-Zipper (GILZ) in Psoriasis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2220. [PMID: 31572404 PMCID: PMC6753639 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a prevalent chronic inflammatory human disease initiated by impaired function of immune cells and epidermal keratinocytes, resulting in increased cytokine production and hyperproliferation, leading to skin lesions. Overproduction of Th1- and Th17-cytokines including interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-23, IL-17, and IL-22, is a major driver of the disease. Glucocorticoids (GCs) represent the mainstay protocol for treating psoriasis as they modulate epidermal differentiation and are potent anti-inflammatory compounds. The development of safer GC-based therapies is a high priority due to potentially severe adverse effects associated with prolonged GC use. Specific efforts have focused on downstream anti-inflammatory effectors of GC-signaling such as GC-Induced-Leucine-Zipper (GILZ), which suppresses Th17 responses and antagonizes multiple pro-inflammatory signaling pathways involved in psoriasis, including AP-1, NF-κB, STAT3, and ROR-γt. Here we review evidence regarding defective GC signaling, GC receptor (GR) function, and GILZ in psoriasis. We discuss seemingly contradicting data on the loss- and gain-of-function of GILZ in the imiquimod-induced mouse model of psoriasis. We also present potential therapeutic strategies aimed to restore GC-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Sevilla
- Animal Models of Skin Pathologies Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV)-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paloma Pérez
- Animal Models of Skin Pathologies Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV)-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
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30
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Generation of non-standard macrocyclic peptides specifically binding TSC-22 homologous gene-1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:445-450. [PMID: 31227214 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β 1 (TGFβ1)-stimulated clone 22 (TSC22) family includes proteins containing a leucine zipper domain and a TSC-box that are highly conserved during evolution. Currently, limited data are available on the function of this protein family, especially of TSC-22 homologous gene-1 (THG-1)/TSC22 domain family member 4 (TSC22D4). Similar to other family members, THG-1 functions depending on its interaction with the partner proteins and it is suggested to mediate a broad range of biological processes. THG-1-specific binding molecules will be instrumental for elucidating its functions. Therefore, the Random non-standard Peptide Integrated Discovery (RaPID) system was modified using commercially available materials and used for selecting macrocyclic peptides (MCPs) that bind to THG-1. Several MCPs were identified to bind THG-1. Fluorescein- and biotin-tagged MCPs were synthesized and employed as THG-1 detection probes. Notably, a fluorescein-tagged MCP specifically detected THG-1-expressing cells. Biotin-tagged MCPs can be successfully used for Enzyme-Linked Protein Sorbent Assay (ELISA) like assay of THG-1 protein and affinity-precipitation of purified THG-1 and endogenous THG-1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lysates. The modified RaPID system rapidly and successfully identified THG-1-binding MCPs in vitro and the synthesized THG-1 binding MCPs are useful alternatives acting for antibodies.
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31
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Cannarile L, Delfino DV, Adorisio S, Riccardi C, Ayroldi E. Implicating the Role of GILZ in Glucocorticoid Modulation of T-Cell Activation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1823. [PMID: 31440237 PMCID: PMC6693389 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) is a protein with multiple biological roles that is upregulated by glucocorticoids (GCs) in both immune and non-immune cells. Importantly, GCs are immunosuppressive primarily due to their regulation of cell signaling pathways that are crucial for immune system activity. GILZ, which is transcriptionally induced by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), mediates part of these immunosuppressive, and anti-inflammatory effects, thereby controlling immune cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. The primary immune cells targeted by the immunosuppressive activity of GCs are T cells. Importantly, the effects of GCs on T cells are partially mediated by GILZ. In fact, GILZ regulates T-cell activation, and differentiation by binding and inhibiting factors essential for T-cell function. For example, GILZ associates with nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), c-Fos, and c-Jun and inhibits NF-κB-, and AP-1-dependent transcription. GILZ also binds Raf and Ras, inhibits activation of Ras/Raf downstream targets, including mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1). In addition GILZ inhibits forkhead box O3 (FoxO3) without physical interaction. GILZ also promotes the activity of regulatory T cells (Tregs) by activating transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling. Ultimately, these actions inhibit T-cell activation and modulate the differentiation of T helper (Th)-1, Th-2, Th-17 cells, thereby mediating the immunosuppressive effects of GCs on T cells. In this mini-review, we discuss how GILZ mediates GC activity on T cells, focusing mainly on the therapeutic potential of this protein as a more targeted anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive GC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Cannarile
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Domenico V Delfino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sabrina Adorisio
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlo Riccardi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Emira Ayroldi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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32
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Flynn JK, Dankers W, Morand EF. Could GILZ Be the Answer to Glucocorticoid Toxicity in Lupus? Front Immunol 2019; 10:1684. [PMID: 31379872 PMCID: PMC6652235 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GC) are used globally to treat autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Their anti-inflammatory actions are mainly mediated via binding to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), creating a GC/GR complex, which acts in both the cytoplasm and nucleus to regulate the transcription of a host of target genes. As a result, signaling pathways such as NF-κB and AP-1 are inhibited, and cell activation, differentiation and survival and cytokine and chemokine production are suppressed. However, the gene regulation by GC can also cause severe side effects in patients. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE or lupus) is a multisystem autoimmune disease, characterized by a poorly regulated immune response leading to chronic inflammation and dysfunction of multiple organs, for which GC is the major current therapy. Long-term GC use, however, can cause debilitating adverse consequences for patients including diabetes, cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis and contributes to irreversible organ damage. To date, there is no alternative treatment which can replicate the rapid effects of GC across multiple immune cell functions, effecting disease control during disease flares. Research efforts have focused on finding alternatives to GC, which display similar immunoregulatory actions, without the devastating adverse metabolic effects. One potential candidate is the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ). GILZ is induced by low concentrations of GC and is shown to mimic the action of GC in several inflammatory processes, reducing immunity and inflammation in in vitro and in vivo studies. Additionally, GILZ has, similar to the GC-GR complex, the ability to bind to both NF-κB and AP-1 as well as DNA directly, to regulate immune cell function, while potentially lacking the GC-related side effects. Importantly, in SLE patients GILZ is under-expressed and correlates negatively with disease activity, suggesting an important regulatory role of GILZ in SLE. Here we provide an overview of the actions and use of GC in lupus, and discuss whether the regulatory mechanisms of GILZ could lead to the development of a novel therapeutic for lupus. Increased understanding of the mechanisms of action of GILZ, and its ability to regulate immune events leading to lupus disease activity has important clinical implications for the development of safer anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline K Flynn
- School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wendy Dankers
- School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eric F Morand
- School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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33
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Bereshchenko O, Migliorati G, Bruscoli S, Riccardi C. Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper: A Novel Anti-inflammatory Molecule. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:308. [PMID: 30971930 PMCID: PMC6445858 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the most commonly used drugs for treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Their efficacy is due to their ability to bind cytoplasmic receptors (glucocorticoid receptors, GR) and other cytoplasmic proteins, thus regulating gene expression. Although GCs are potent life-saving drugs, their therapeutic effects are transitory and chronic use of GCs is accompanied by serious side effects. Therefore, new drugs are needed to replace GCs. We have identified a gene, glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ or tsc22d3), that is rapidly and invariably induced by GCs. Human GILZ is a 135-amino acid protein that mediates many GC effects, including inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Similar to GCs, GILZ exerts anti-inflammatory activity in experimental disease models, including inflammatory bowel diseases and arthritis. While transgenic mice that overexpress GILZ are more resistant, GILZ knockout mice develop worse inflammatory diseases. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory effect of GCs is attenuated in GILZ-deficient mice. Importantly, in vivo delivery of recombinant GILZ protein cured colitis and facilitated resolution of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation without apparent toxic effects. A synthetic GILZ-derived peptide, corresponding to the GILZ region that interacts with NF-κB, was able to suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Collectively, these findings indicate that GILZ is an anti-inflammatory molecule that may serve as the basis for designing new therapeutic approaches to inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana Bereshchenko
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Graziella Migliorati
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Bruscoli
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlo Riccardi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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34
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Cari L, De Rosa F, Nocentini G, Riccardi C. Context-Dependent Effect of Glucocorticoids on the Proliferation, Differentiation, and Apoptosis of Regulatory T Cells: A Review of the Empirical Evidence and Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1142. [PMID: 30845709 PMCID: PMC6429178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used to treat several diseases because of their powerful anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects on immune cells and non-lymphoid tissues. The effects of GCs on T cells are the most relevant in this regard. In this review, we analyze how GCs modulate the survival, maturation, and differentiation of regulatory T (Treg) cell subsets into both murine models and humans. In this way, GCs change the Treg cell number with an impact on the mid-term and long-term efficacy of GC treatment. In vitro studies suggest that the GC-dependent expansion of Treg cells is relevant when they are activated. In agreement with this observation, the GC treatment of patients with established autoimmune, allergic, or (auto)inflammatory diseases causes an expansion of Treg cells. An exception to this appears to be the local GC treatment of psoriatic lesions. Moreover, the effects on Treg number in patients with multiple sclerosis are uncertain. The effects of GCs on Treg cell number in healthy/diseased subjects treated with or exposed to allergens/antigens appear to be context-dependent. Considering the relevance of this effect in the maturation of the immune system (tolerogenic response to antigens), the success of vaccination (including desensitization), and the tolerance to xenografts, the findings must be considered when planning GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Cari
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia I-06129, Italy.
| | - Francesca De Rosa
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia I-06129, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Nocentini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia I-06129, Italy.
| | - Carlo Riccardi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia I-06129, Italy.
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Hoppstädter J, Diesel B, Linnenberger R, Hachenthal N, Flamini S, Minet M, Leidinger P, Backes C, Grässer F, Meese E, Bruscoli S, Riccardi C, Huwer H, Kiemer AK. Amplified Host Defense by Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated Downregulation of the Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper (GILZ) in Macrophages. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3111. [PMID: 30723476 PMCID: PMC6349698 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) plays a pivotal role in the host defense against bacteria and results in the activation of NF-κB-mediated transcription of proinflammatory mediators. Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) is an anti-inflammatory mediator, which inhibits NF-κB activity in macrophages. Thus, we aimed to investigate the regulation and role of GILZ expression in primary human and murine macrophages upon TLR activation. Treatment with TLR agonists, e.g., Pam3CSK4 (TLR1/2) or LPS (TLR4) rapidly decreased GILZ mRNA and protein levels. In consequence, GILZ downregulation led to enhanced induction of pro-inflammatory mediators, increased phagocytic activity, and a higher capacity to kill intracellular bacteria (Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium), as shown in GILZ knockout macrophages. Treatment with the TLR3 ligand polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid [Poly(I:C)] did not affect GILZ mRNA levels, although GILZ protein expression was decreased. This effect was paralleled by sensitization toward TLR1/2- and TLR4-agonists. A bioinformatics approach implicated more than 250 miRNAs as potential GILZ regulators. Microarray analysis revealed that the expression of several potentially GILZ-targeting miRNAs was increased after Poly(I:C) treatment in primary human macrophages. We tested the ability of 11 of these miRNAs to target GILZ by luciferase reporter gene assays. Within this small set, four miRNAs (hsa-miR-34b*,−222,−320d,−484) were confirmed as GILZ regulators, suggesting that GILZ downregulation upon TLR3 activation is a consequence of the synergistic actions of multiple miRNAs. In summary, our data show that GILZ downregulation promotes macrophage activation. GILZ downregulation occurs both via MyD88-dependent and -independent mechanisms and can involve decreased mRNA or protein stability and an attenuated translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Hoppstädter
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Britta Diesel
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rebecca Linnenberger
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Nina Hachenthal
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Sara Flamini
- Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Perugia University, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marie Minet
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Petra Leidinger
- Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Christina Backes
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Friedrich Grässer
- Virology, Department of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Eckart Meese
- Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Stefano Bruscoli
- Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Perugia University, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlo Riccardi
- Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Perugia University, Perugia, Italy
| | - Hanno Huwer
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Völklingen Heart Centre, Völklingen, Germany
| | - Alexandra K Kiemer
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Ricci E, Ronchetti S, Gabrielli E, Pericolini E, Gentili M, Roselletti E, Vecchiarelli A, Riccardi C. GILZ restrains neutrophil activation by inhibiting the MAPK pathway. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 105:187-194. [PMID: 30371949 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ab0718-255r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) exerts anti-inflammatory effects on the immune cells. However, less is known about GILZ function in neutrophils. We aimed to define the specific role of GILZ in basal neutrophil activity during an inflammatory response. GILZ knockdown resulted in a persistent activation state of neutrophils, as evidenced by increased phagocytosis, killing activity, and oxidative burst in GILZ-knockout (KO) neutrophils. This enhanced response caused severe disease in a dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced colitis model, where GILZ-KO mice had prominent granulocytic infiltrate and excessive inflammatory state. We used a Candida albicans intraperitoneal infection model to unravel the intracellular pathways affected by GILZ expression in activated neutrophils. GILZ-KO neutrophils had stronger ability to clear the infectious agent than the wild-type (WT) neutrophils, and there was more activation of the NOX2 (NADPH oxidase 2) and p47phox proteins, which are directly involved in oxidative burst. Similarly, the MAPK pathway components, that is, ERK and p38, which are involved in the oxidative burst pathway, were highly phosphorylated in GILZ-KO neutrophils. Evaluation of GILZ expression kinetics during C. albicans infection revealed down-regulation that correlated inversely with the state of neutrophil activation, which was evaluated as oxidative burst. Overall, our findings define GILZ as a regulator of neutrophil functions, as its expression contributes to limiting neutrophil activation by reducing the activation of the signaling pathways that control the basal neutrophil functions. Controlling GILZ expression could help regulate a continuous inflammatory state that can result in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ricci
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Simona Ronchetti
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elena Gabrielli
- Department of Medicine, Microbiology Section, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Eva Pericolini
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinic and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Gentili
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elena Roselletti
- Department of Medicine, Microbiology Section, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Vecchiarelli
- Department of Medicine, Microbiology Section, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlo Riccardi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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La HM, Chan AL, Legrand JMD, Rossello FJ, Gangemi CG, Papa A, Cheng Q, Morand EF, Hobbs RM. GILZ-dependent modulation of mTORC1 regulates spermatogonial maintenance. Development 2018; 145:dev.165324. [PMID: 30126904 DOI: 10.1242/dev.165324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Male fertility is dependent on spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) that self-renew and produce differentiating germ cells. Growth factors produced within the testis are essential for SSC maintenance but intrinsic factors that dictate the SSC response to these stimuli are poorly characterised. Here, we have studied the role of GILZ, a TSC22D family protein and spermatogenesis regulator, in spermatogonial function and signalling. Although broadly expressed in the germline, GILZ was prominent in undifferentiated spermatogonia and Gilz deletion in adults resulted in exhaustion of the GFRα1+ SSC-containing population and germline degeneration. GILZ loss was associated with mTORC1 activation, suggesting enhanced growth factor signalling. Expression of deubiquitylase USP9X, an mTORC1 modulator required for spermatogenesis, was disrupted in Gilz mutants. Treatment with an mTOR inhibitor rescued GFRα1+ spermatogonial failure, indicating that GILZ-dependent mTORC1 inhibition is crucial for SSC maintenance. Analysis of cultured undifferentiated spermatogonia lacking GILZ confirmed aberrant activation of ERK MAPK upstream mTORC1 plus USP9X downregulation and interaction of GILZ with TSC22D proteins. Our data indicate an essential role for GILZ-TSC22D complexes in ensuring the appropriate response of undifferentiated spermatogonia to growth factors via distinct inputs to mTORC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hue M La
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ai-Leen Chan
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Julien M D Legrand
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Fernando J Rossello
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Christina G Gangemi
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Antonella Papa
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Eric F Morand
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Robin M Hobbs
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia .,Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Vétillard M, Schlecht-Louf G. Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper: Fine-Tuning of Dendritic Cells Function. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1232. [PMID: 29915587 PMCID: PMC5994841 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are key antigen-presenting cells that control the induction of both tolerance and immunity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating DCs commitment toward a regulatory- or effector-inducing profile is critical for better designing prophylactic and therapeutic approaches. Initially identified in dexamethasone-treated thymocytes, the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) protein has emerged as a critical factor mediating most, but not all, glucocorticoids effects in both non-immune and immune cells. This intracellular protein exerts pleiotropic effects through interactions with transcription factors and signaling proteins, thus modulating signal transduction and gene expression. GILZ has been reported to control the proliferation, survival, and differentiation of lymphocytes, while its expression confers anti-inflammatory phenotype to monocytes and macrophages. In the past twelve years, a growing set of data has also established that GILZ expression in DCs is a molecular switch controlling their T-cell-priming capacity. Here, after a brief presentation of GILZ isoforms and functions, we summarize current knowledge regarding GILZ expression and regulation in DCs, in both health and disease. We further present the functional consequences of GILZ expression on DCs capacity to prime effector or regulatory T-cell responses and highlight recent findings pointing to a broader role of GILZ in the fine tuning of antigen capture, processing, and presentation by DCs. Finally, we discuss future prospects regarding the possible roles for GILZ in the control of DCs function in the steady state and in the context of infections and chronic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Vétillard
- UMR996-Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM, Faculté de médecine, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Géraldine Schlecht-Louf
- UMR996-Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM, Faculté de médecine, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
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Abstract
Pregnancy-associated melanoma is defined as melanoma diagnosed during pregnancy or within 1 year of delivery. The association of pregnancy with melanoma is well known, but its underlying molecular mechanisms of association are poorly understood. The aim was to assess the expression of apoptosis-related genes in melanoma tumors during pregnancy in an attempt to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying apoptosis-driven activation of melanoma cells in this period. Mice were allocated across two experimental groups (nonpregnant and pregnant) and implanted with the melanoma cell line BF16-F10. Tumor tissue was collected for RNA extraction and purification, and gene expression was quantified using the mouse apoptosis RT2ProfilerTM PCR array. Different intracellular apoptotic pathways were activated (positively or negatively) by pregnancy in tumor cells: intrinsic (21.5%), extrinsic (32%), caspase (14%), apoptosis (21.5%), and caspase-activated DNase (11%). The proportion of upregulated genes for each of these pathways was 100, 30, 50, 17, and 0%, respectively. MetaCore software was then used to analyze gene ontology processes and pathways by building networks. Among the gene ontology processes, the majority of differentiated genes were related to the apoptotic process. The main pathway activated by pregnancy was the intrinsic one (genes Api-5, Bcl2-L1, Birc-2, Birc-3, Bok, and Trp53bp2). Pregnancy activates the intrinsic apoptosis pathway to stimulate caspases 7 and 9, but the final balance is inhibition of apoptosis mechanisms. In mice, pregnancy cannot promote or worsen melanoma.
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Ayroldi E, Cannarile L, Delfino DV, Riccardi C. A dual role for glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper in glucocorticoid function: tumor growth promotion or suppression? Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:463. [PMID: 29695779 PMCID: PMC5916931 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs), important therapeutic tools to treat inflammatory and immunosuppressive diseases, can also be used as part of cancer therapy. In oncology, GCs are used as anticancer drugs for lymphohematopoietic malignancies, while in solid neoplasms primarily to control the side effects of chemo/radiotherapy treatments. The molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of GCs are numerous and often overlapping, but not all have been elucidated. In normal, cancerous, and inflammatory tissues, the response to GCs differs based on the tissue type. The effects of GCs are dependent on several factors: the tumor type, the GC therapy being used, the expression level of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and the presence of any other stimuli such as signals from immune cells and the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, GCs may either promote or suppress tumor growth via different molecular mechanisms. Stress exposure results in dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis with increased levels of endogenous GCs that promote tumorigenesis, confirming the importance of GCs in tumor growth. Most of the effects of GCs are genomic and mediated by the modulation of GR gene transcription. Moreover, among the GR-induced genes, glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ), which was cloned and characterized primarily in our laboratory, mediates many GC anti-inflammatory effects. In this review, we analyzed the possible role for GILZ in the effects GCs have on tumors cells. We also suggest that GILZ, by affecting the immune system, tumor microenvironment, and directly cancer cell biology, has a tumor-promoting function. However, it may also induce apoptosis or decrease the proliferation of cancer cells, thus inhibiting tumor growth. The potential therapeutic implications of GILZ activity on tumor cells are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emira Ayroldi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Lorenza Cannarile
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Domenico V Delfino
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlo Riccardi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Juszczak GR, Stankiewicz AM. Glucocorticoids, genes and brain function. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 82:136-168. [PMID: 29180230 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The identification of key genes in transcriptomic data constitutes a huge challenge. Our review of microarray reports revealed 88 genes whose transcription is consistently regulated by glucocorticoids (GCs), such as cortisol, corticosterone and dexamethasone, in the brain. Replicable transcriptomic data were combined with biochemical and physiological data to create an integrated view of the effects induced by GCs. The most frequently reported genes were Errfi1 and Ddit4. Their up-regulation was associated with the altered transcription of genes regulating growth factor and mTORC1 signaling (Gab1, Tsc22d3, Dusp1, Ndrg2, Ppp5c and Sesn1) and progression of the cell cycle (Ccnd1, Cdkn1a and Cables1). The GC-induced reprogramming of cell function involves changes in the mRNA level of genes responsible for the regulation of transcription (Klf9, Bcl6, Klf15, Tle3, Cxxc5, Litaf, Tle4, Jun, Sox4, Sox2, Sox9, Irf1, Sall2, Nfkbia and Id1) and the selective degradation of mRNA (Tob2). Other genes are involved in the regulation of metabolism (Gpd1, Aldoc and Pdk4), actin cytoskeleton (Myh2, Nedd9, Mical2, Rhou, Arl4d, Osbpl3, Arhgef3, Sdc4, Rdx, Wipf3, Chst1 and Hepacam), autophagy (Eva1a and Plekhf1), vesicular transport (Rhob, Ehd3, Vps37b and Scamp2), gap junctions (Gjb6), immune response (Tiparp, Mertk, Lyve1 and Il6r), signaling mediated by thyroid hormones (Thra and Sult1a1), calcium (Calm2), adrenaline/noradrenaline (Adcy9 and Adra1d), neuropeptide Y (Npy1r) and histamine (Hdc). GCs also affected genes involved in the synthesis of polyamines (Azin1) and taurine (Cdo1). The actions of GCs are restrained by feedback mechanisms depending on the transcription of Sgk1, Fkbp5 and Nr3c1. A side effect induced by GCs is increased production of reactive oxygen species. Available data show that the brain's response to GCs is part of an emergency mode characterized by inactivation of non-core activities, restrained inflammation, restriction of investments (growth), improved efficiency of energy production and the removal of unnecessary or malfunctioning cellular components to conserve energy and maintain nutrient supply during the stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz R Juszczak
- Department of Animal Behavior, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Jastrzebiec, ul. Postepu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland.
| | - Adrian M Stankiewicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Jastrzebiec, ul. Postepu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
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Ayroldi E, Petrillo MG, Marchetti MC, Cannarile L, Ronchetti S, Ricci E, Cari L, Avenia N, Moretti S, Puxeddu E, Riccardi C. Long glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper regulates human thyroid cancer cell proliferation. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:305. [PMID: 29467389 PMCID: PMC5833869 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0346-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Long glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (L-GILZ) has recently been implicated in cancer cell proliferation. Here, we investigated its role in human thyroid cancer cells. L-GILZ protein was highly expressed in well-differentiated cancer cells from thyroid cancer patients and differentiated thyroid cancer cell lines, but poorly expressed in anaplastic tumors. A fusion protein containing L-GILZ, when overexpressed in an L-GILZ-deficient 8505C cell line derived from undifferentiated human thyroid cancer tissue, inhibited cellular proliferation in vitro. In addition, when this protein was injected into nude mice, in which cells from line 8505C had been transplanted, xenograft growth was reduced. Since the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is frequently hyperactivated in thyroid cancer cells as a result of the BRAFV600E or Ras mutation, we sought to further investigate the role of L-GILZ in the MAPK pathway. To this end, we analyzed L-GILZ expression and function in cells treated with MAPK inhibitors. We used 8505C cells, which have the BRAFV600E mutation, or the CAL-62 cell line, which harbors a Ras mutation. The cells were treated with the BRAF-specific drug vemurafenib (PLX4032) or the MEK1/2 inhibitor, U0126, respectively. Treatment with these agents inhibited MAPK activation, reduced cell proliferation, and upregulated L-GILZ expression. L-GILZ silencing reversed the antiproliferative activity of the MAPK inhibitors, consistent with an antiproliferative role. Treatment with MAPK inhibitors led to the phosphorylation of the cAMP/response element-binding protein (CREB), and active CREB bound to the L-GILZ promoter, contributing to its transcription. We suggest that the CREB signaling pathway, frequently deregulated in thyroid tumors, is involved in L-GILZ upregulation and that L-GILZ regulates thyroid cancer cell proliferation, which may have potential in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emira Ayroldi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Petrillo
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Maria Cristina Marchetti
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lorenza Cannarile
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Simona Ronchetti
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Erika Ricci
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigi Cari
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nicola Avenia
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sonia Moretti
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Efisio Puxeddu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlo Riccardi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Luz-Crawford P, Espinosa-Carrasco G, Ipseiz N, Contreras R, Tejedor G, Medina DA, Vega-Letter AM, Ngo D, Morand EF, Pène J, Hernandez J, Jorgensen C, Djouad F. Gilz-Activin A as a Novel Signaling Axis Orchestrating Mesenchymal Stem Cell and Th17 Cell Interplay. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:846-859. [PMID: 29344311 PMCID: PMC5771098 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are highly immunosuppressive cells able to reduce chronic inflammation through the active release of mediators. Recently, we showed that glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (Gilz) expression by MSC is involved in their therapeutic effect by promoting the generation of regulatory T cells. However, the mechanisms underlying this pivotal role of Gilz remain elusive. Methods and Results In this study, we have uncovered evidence that Gilz modulates the phenotype and function of Th1 and Th17 cells likely by upregulating the level of Activin A and NO2 secreted by MSC. Adoptive transfer experiments sustained this Gilz-dependent suppressive effect of MSC on Th1 and Th17 cell functions. In immunoregulatory MSC, obtained by priming with IFN-γ and TNF-α, Gilz was translocated to the nucleus and bound to the promoters of inos and Activin βA to induce their expression. The increased expression of Activin A directly impacted on Th17 cells fate by repressing their differentiation program through the activation of Smad3/2 and enhancing IL-10 production. Conclusion Our results reveal how Gilz controls inos and Activin βA gene expression to ultimately assign immunoregulatory status to MSC able to repress the pathogenic Th17 cell differentiation program and uncover Activin A as a novel mediator of MSC in this process.
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Niu C, Liu N, Liu J, Zhang M, Ying L, Wang L, Tian D, Dai J, Luo Z, Liu E, Zou L, Fu Z. Vitamin A maintains the airway epithelium in a murine model of asthma by suppressing glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 46:848-60. [PMID: 26399569 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of glucocorticoids (GCs) on the repair of the airway epithelium in asthma are controversial, and we previously reported that the GC dexamethasone (Dex) inhibits the repair of human airway epithelial cells and that this process is mediated by glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) through MAPK-ERK signaling in vitro. Vitamin A (VA) is involved in the regulation of the MAPK-ERK pathway but has not been widely supplied during asthma treatment. It is unclear whether VA attenuates the negative regulation of GILZ on the MAPK-ERK pathway and maintains airway epithelium integrity during asthma treatment. METHODS Female BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) and subsequently treated with Dex, VA or intranasal inhalation of adenovirus sh-GILZ vectors. Indexes of airway epithelium integrity, including pathological alterations, pulmonary EGFR expression and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), were then measured. The expression of GILZ and key components of activated MAPK-ERK signals (p-Raf-1, p-MEK, and p-Erk1/2) were also detected. RESULTS Dex failed to relieve OVA-induced asthma airway epithelium injury, as assessed through H&E staining, EGFR expression and AHR. Moreover, in the OVA-challenged mice treated with Dex, GLIZ expression was increased, whereas the ratios of p-Raf-1/Raf-1, p-MEK/MEK and p-Erk1/2/Erk1/2 were significantly decreased. Further study indicated that GILZ expression was decreased and that the ratios of p-Raf-1/Raf-1, p-MEK/MEK and p-Erk1/2/Erk1/2 were up-regulated in the GILZ-silenced OVA-challenged mice and VA-fed OVA-challenged mice, independent of Dex treatment. The airway epithelium integrity of the OVA-challenged mice was maintained by treatment with both VA and Dex. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin A maintained the Dex-treated asthma airway epithelium via the down-regulation of GILZ expression and the activation MAPK-ERK signaling, and these effects might contribute to improving the effects of GC therapeutics on asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Niu
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - N Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - J Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - M Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - L Ying
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - L Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - D Tian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - J Dai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Z Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - E Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - L Zou
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Chongqing Stem Cell Therapy Technology Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Z Fu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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45
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Ribeiro SB, de Araújo AA, de Araújo Júnior RF, Brito GADC, Leitão RC, Barbosa MM, Garcia VB, Medeiros AC, de Medeiros CACX. Protective effect of dexamethasone on 5-FU-induced oral mucositis in hamsters. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186511. [PMID: 29059216 PMCID: PMC5653368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral mucositis (OM) is an important side effect of cancer treatment, characterized by ulcerative lesions in the mucosa of patients undergoing radiotherapy or chemotherapy, which has marked effects on patient quality of life and cancer therapy continuity. Considering that few protocols have demonstrated efficacy in preventing this side effect, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of dexamethasone (DEX) on OM induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in hamsters by studying signaling pathways. OM was induced in hamsters by 5-FU followed by mechanical trauma (MT) on day 4. On day 10, the animals were euthanized. The experimental groups included saline, MT, 5-FU, and DEX (0.25, 0.5, or 1 mg/kg). Macroscopic, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses as well as immunofluorescence experiments were performed on the oral mucosa of the animals. The oral mucosal samples were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). DEX (0.5 or 1 mg/kg) reduced inflammation and ulceration of the oral mucosa of hamsters. In addition, DEX (1 mg/kg) reduced the cytokine levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). DEX (1 mg/kg) also reduced the immunoexpression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, MIF, Smad 2/3, Smad 2/3 phosphorylated and NFκB p65 in the jugal mucosa. Finally, DEX (1 mg/kg) increased interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 3 (IRAK-M), glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MKP1) gene expression and reduced NFκB p65 and serine threonine kinase (AKt) gene expression, relative to the 5-FU group. Thus, DEX improved OM induced by 5-FU in hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurigena Antunes de Araújo
- Post Graduation Program Public Health/Post Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Science/Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Raimundo Fernandes de Araújo Júnior
- Post Graduation Program in Functional and Structural Biology/Post Graduation Program Health Science/Department of Morphology, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Carvalho Leitão
- Post Graduation Program of Morphological Science/Department of Morphology, UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Aldo Cunha Medeiros
- Post Graduation Program Health Science, Department of Surgery, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
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46
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Ricci E, Ronchetti S, Pericolini E, Gabrielli E, Cari L, Gentili M, Roselletti E, Migliorati G, Vecchiarelli A, Riccardi C. Role of the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper gene in dexamethasone-induced inhibition of mouse neutrophil migration via control of annexin A1 expression. FASEB J 2017; 31:3054-3065. [PMID: 28373208 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601315r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) gene is a pivotal mediator of the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids (GCs) that are known to regulate the function of both adaptive and innate immunity cells. Our aim was to investigate the role of GILZ in GC-induced inhibition of neutrophil migration, as this role has not been investigated before. We found that GILZ expression was induced by dexamethasone (DEX), a synthetic GC, in neutrophils, and that it regulated migration of these cells into inflamed tissues under DEX treatment. Of note, inhibition of neutrophil migration was not observed in GILZ-knockout mice with peritonitis that were treated by DEX. This was because DEX was unable to up-regulate annexin A1 (Anxa1) expression in the absence of GILZ. Furthermore, we showed that GILZ mediates Anxa1 induction by GCs by transactivating Anxa1 expression at the promoter level via binding with the transcription factor, PU.1. The present findings shed light on the role of GILZ in the mechanism of induction of Anxa1 by GCs. As Anxa1 is an important protein for the resolution of inflammatory response, GILZ may represent a new pharmacologic target for treatment of inflammatory diseases.-Ricci, E., Ronchetti, S., Pericolini, E., Gabrielli, E., Cari, L., Gentili, M., Roselletti, E., Migliorati, G., Vecchiarelli, A., Riccardi, C. Role of the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper gene in dexamethasone-induced inhibition of mouse neutrophil migration via control of annexin A1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ricci
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Simona Ronchetti
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Eva Pericolini
- Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Department of Diagnostic, Clinic, and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Gabrielli
- Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigi Cari
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Gentili
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elena Roselletti
- Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Graziella Migliorati
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Vecchiarelli
- Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlo Riccardi
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy;
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47
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André F, Trinh A, Balayssac S, Maboudou P, Dekiouk S, Malet-Martino M, Quesnel B, Idziorek T, Kluza J, Marchetti P. Metabolic rewiring in cancer cells overexpressing the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper protein (GILZ): Activation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and sensitization to oxidative cell death induced by mitochondrial targeted drugs. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 85:166-174. [PMID: 28259749 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell metabolism is largely controlled by oncogenic signals and nutrient availability. Here, we highlighted that the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ), an intracellular protein influencing many signaling pathways, reprograms cancer cell metabolism to promote proliferation. We provided evidence that GILZ overexpression induced a significant increase of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation as evidenced by the augmentation in basal respiration, ATP-linked respiration as well as respiratory capacity. Pharmacological inhibition of glucose, glutamine and fatty acid oxidation reduced the activation of GILZ-induced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. At glycolysis level, GILZ-overexpressing cells enhanced the expression of glucose transporters in their plasmatic membrane and showed higher glycolytic reserve. 1H NMR metabolites quantification showed an up-regulation of amino acid biosynthesis. The GILZ-induced metabolic reprograming is present in various cancer cell lines regardless of their driver mutations status and is associated with higher proliferation rates persisting under metabolic stress conditions. Interestingly, high levels of OXPHOS made GILZ-overexpressing cells vulnerable to cell death induced by mitochondrial pro-oxidants. Altogether, these data indicate that GILZ reprograms cancer metabolism towards mitochondrial OXPHOS and sensitizes cancer cells to mitochondria-targeted drugs with pro-oxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny André
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, JPArc, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Anne Trinh
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, JPArc, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Stéphane Balayssac
- Laboratoire SPCMIB, UMR CNRS 5068 Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Patrice Maboudou
- CHU Lille, Centre de Biologie-Pathologie, Biologie et Thérapie cellulaire & Banque de Tissus, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Salim Dekiouk
- CHU Lille, Centre de Biologie-Pathologie, Biologie et Thérapie cellulaire & Banque de Tissus, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Myriam Malet-Martino
- Laboratoire SPCMIB, UMR CNRS 5068 Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Bruno Quesnel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, JPArc, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Thierry Idziorek
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, JPArc, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Jérome Kluza
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, JPArc, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Marchetti
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, JPArc, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000, Lille, France; CHU Lille, Centre de Biologie-Pathologie, Biologie et Thérapie cellulaire & Banque de Tissus, F-59000, Lille, France.
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48
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George CL, Birnie MT, Flynn BP, Kershaw YM, Lightman SL, Conway-Campbell BL. Ultradian glucocorticoid exposure directs gene-dependent and tissue-specific mRNA expression patterns in vivo. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 439:46-53. [PMID: 27769714 PMCID: PMC5131830 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we report differential decoding of the ultradian corticosterone signal by glucocorticoid target tissues. Pulsatile corticosterone replacement in adrenalectomised rats resulted in different dynamics of Sgk1 mRNA production, with a distinct pulsatile mRNA induction profile observed in the pituitary in contrast to a non-pulsatile induction in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). We further report the first evidence for pulsatile transcriptional repression of a glucocorticoid-target gene in vivo, with pulsatile regulation of Pomc transcription in pituitary. We have explored a potential mechanism for differences in the induction dynamics of the same transcript (Sgk1) between the PFC and pituitary. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activation profiles were strikingly different in pituitary and prefrontal cortex, with a significantly greater dynamic range and shorter duration of GR activity detected in the pituitary, consistent with the more pronounced gene pulsing effect observed. In the prefrontal cortex, expression of Gilz mRNA was also non-pulsatile and exhibited a significantly delayed timecourse of increase and decrease when compared to Sgk1, additionally highlighting gene-specific regulatory dynamics during ultradian glucocorticoid treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte L George
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK; CGAT, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine Centre for Computational Biology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Matthew T Birnie
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK.
| | - Benjamin P Flynn
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK.
| | - Yvonne M Kershaw
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK.
| | - Stafford L Lightman
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK.
| | - Becky L Conway-Campbell
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK.
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49
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Glucocorticoid receptor in T cells mediates protection from autoimmunity in pregnancy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E181-E190. [PMID: 28049829 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1617115114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is one of the strongest inducers of immunological tolerance. Disease activity of many autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS) is temporarily suppressed by pregnancy, but little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we investigated the endocrine regulation of conventional and regulatory T cells (Tregs) during reproduction. In vitro, we found the pregnancy hormone progesterone to robustly increase Treg frequencies via promiscuous binding to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in T cells. In vivo, T-cell-specific GR deletion in pregnant animals undergoing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of MS, resulted in a reduced Treg increase and a selective loss of pregnancy-induced protection, whereas reproductive success was unaffected. Our data imply that steroid hormones can shift the immunological balance in favor of Tregs via differential engagement of the GR in T cells. This newly defined mechanism confers protection from autoimmunity during pregnancy and represents a potential target for future therapy.
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50
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Calmette J, Bertrand M, Vétillard M, Ellouze M, Flint S, Nicolas V, Biola-Vidamment A, Pallardy M, Morand E, Bachelerie F, Godot V, Schlecht-Louf G. Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper Protein Controls Macropinocytosis in Dendritic Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:4247-4256. [PMID: 27793999 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ag sampling is a key process in dendritic cell (DC) biology. DCs use constitutive macropinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and phagocytosis to capture exogenous Ags for presentation to T cells. We investigated the mechanisms that regulate Ag uptake by DCs in the steady-state and after a short-term LPS exposure in vitro and in vivo. We show that the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper protein (GILZ), already known to regulate effector versus regulatory T cell activation by DCs, selectively limits macropinocytosis, but not receptor-mediated phagocytosis, in immature and recently activated DCs. In vivo, the GILZ-mediated inhibition of Ag uptake is restricted to the CD8α+ DC subset, which expresses the highest GILZ level among splenic DC subsets. In recently activated DCs, we further establish that GILZ limits p38 MAPK phosphorylation, providing a possible mechanism for GILZ-mediated macropinocytosis control. Finally, our results demonstrate that the modulation of Ag uptake by GILZ does not result in altered Ag presentation to CD4 T cells but impacts the efficiency of cross-presentation to CD8 T cells. Altogether, our results identify GILZ as an endogenous inhibitor of macropinocytosis in DCs, the action of which contributes to the fine-tuning of Ag cross-presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Calmette
- UMR996-Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart 92140, France
| | - Matthieu Bertrand
- UMR996-Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart 92140, France
| | - Mathias Vétillard
- UMR996-Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart 92140, France
| | - Mehdi Ellouze
- UMR955, Team 16, Institut de Recherche Vaccinal, INSERM, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil 94010, France
| | - Shaun Flint
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Valérie Nicolas
- Institut Paris-Sud d'Innovation Thérapeutique, SFR-UMS, Chatenay Malabry 92296, France
| | - Armelle Biola-Vidamment
- UMR996-Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Chatenay Malabry 92296, France; and
| | - Marc Pallardy
- UMR996-Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Chatenay Malabry 92296, France; and
| | - Eric Morand
- Southern Clinical School, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Françoise Bachelerie
- UMR996-Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart 92140, France
| | - Véronique Godot
- UMR955, Team 16, Institut de Recherche Vaccinal, INSERM, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil 94010, France
| | - Géraldine Schlecht-Louf
- UMR996-Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart 92140, France;
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