1
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Kim H, Tan TK, Lee DZY, Huang XZ, Ong JZL, Kelliher MA, Yeoh AEJ, Sanda T, Tan SH. Oncogenic dependency on SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling factors in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2024:10.1038/s41375-024-02331-6. [PMID: 38969731 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-024-02331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a hematological malignancy arising from immature thymocytes. Unlike well-known oncogenic transcription factors, such as NOTCH1 and MYC, the involvement of chromatin remodeling factors in T-ALL pathogenesis is poorly understood. Here, we provide compelling evidence on how SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex contributes to human T-ALL pathogenesis. Integrative analysis of transcriptomic and ATAC-Seq datasets revealed high expression of SMARCA4, one of the subunits of the SWI/SNF complex, in T-ALL patient samples and cell lines compared to normal T cells. Loss of SMARCA protein function resulted in apoptosis induction and growth inhibition in multiple T-ALL cell lines. ATAC-Seq analysis revealed a massive reduction in chromatin accessibility across the genome after the loss of SMARCA protein function. RUNX1 interacts with SMARCA4 protein and co-occupies the same genomic regions. Importantly, the NOTCH1-MYC pathway was primarily affected when SMARCA protein function was impaired, implicating SWI/SNF as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoju Kim
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Tze King Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Dean Zi Yang Lee
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Xiao Zi Huang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Jolynn Zu Lin Ong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Michelle A Kelliher
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Allen Eng Juh Yeoh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Department of Pediatrics, National University of, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Takaomi Sanda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Shi Hao Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
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2
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Mandell JD, Diviti S, Xu M, Townsend JP. Rare Drivers at Low Prevalence with High Cancer Effects in T-Cell and B-Cell Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6589. [PMID: 38928295 PMCID: PMC11203805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The genomic analyses of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) subtypes, particularly T-cell and B-cell lineages, have been pivotal in identifying potential therapeutic targets. Typical genomic analyses have directed attention toward the most commonly mutated genes. However, assessing the contribution of mutations to cancer phenotypes is crucial. Therefore, we estimated the cancer effects (scaled selection coefficients) for somatic substitutions in T-cell and B-cell cohorts, revealing key insights into mutation contributions. Cancer effects for well-known, frequently mutated genes like NRAS and KRAS in B-ALL were high, which underscores their importance as therapeutic targets. However, less frequently mutated genes IL7R, XBP1, and TOX also demonstrated high cancer effects, suggesting pivotal roles in the development of leukemia when present. In T-ALL, KRAS and NRAS are less frequently mutated than in B-ALL. However, their cancer effects when present are high in both subtypes. Mutations in PIK3R1 and RPL10 were not at high prevalence, yet exhibited some of the highest cancer effects in individual T-cell ALL patients. Even CDKN2A, with a low prevalence and relatively modest cancer effect, is potentially highly relevant for the epistatic effects that its mutated form exerts on other mutations. Prioritizing investigation into these moderately frequent but potentially high-impact targets not only presents novel personalized therapeutic opportunities but also enhances the understanding of disease mechanisms and advances precision therapeutics for pediatric ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D. Mandell
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA;
| | | | - Mina Xu
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
- Program in Genetics, Genomics, and Epigenetics, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jeffrey P. Townsend
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA;
- Program in Genetics, Genomics, and Epigenetics, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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3
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Cardoso BA, Duque M, Gírio A, Fragoso R, Oliveira ML, Allen JR, Martins LR, Correia NC, Silveira AB, Veloso A, Kimura S, Demoen L, Matthijssens F, Jeha S, Cheng C, Pui CH, Grosso AR, Neto JL, De Almeida SF, Van Vlieberghe P, Mullighan CG, Yunes JA, Langenau DM, Pflumio F, Barata JT. CASZ1 upregulates PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling and promotes T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica 2024; 109:1713-1725. [PMID: 38058200 PMCID: PMC11141679 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.282854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CASZ1 is a conserved transcription factor involved in neural development, blood vessel assembly and heart morphogenesis. CASZ1 has been implicated in cancer, either suppressing or promoting tumor development depending on the tissue. However, the impact of CASZ1 on hematological tumors remains unknown. Here, we show that the T-cell oncogenic transcription factor TAL1 is a direct positive regulator of CASZ1, that T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) samples at diagnosis overexpress CASZ1b isoform, and that CASZ1b expression in patient samples correlates with PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway activation. In agreement, overexpression of CASZ1b in both Ba/F3 and T-ALL cells leads to the activation of PI3K signaling pathway, which is required for CASZ1b-mediated transformation of Ba/F3 cells in vitro and malignant expansion in vivo. We further demonstrate that CASZ1b cooperates with activated NOTCH1 to promote T-ALL development in zebrafish, and that CASZ1b protects human T-ALL cells from serum deprivation and treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs. Taken together, our studies indicate that CASZ1b is a TAL1-regulated gene that promotes T-ALL development and resistance to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno A Cardoso
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon
| | - Mafalda Duque
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon
| | - Ana Gírio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon
| | - Rita Fragoso
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon
| | - Mariana L Oliveira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon
| | - James R Allen
- MGH Pathology and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown MA 02129
| | - Leila R Martins
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon
| | - Nádia C Correia
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon
| | | | | | - Shunsuke Kimura
- Department of Pathology, Center of Excellence for Leukemia Studies, and Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis TN
| | - Lisa Demoen
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, and Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Matthijssens
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, and Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sima Jeha
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital and the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN, US; Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital and the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital and the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN
| | - Ching-Hon Pui
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital and the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN, US; Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital and the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN, US; Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital and the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN
| | - Ana R Grosso
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica
| | - João L Neto
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon
| | - Sérgio F De Almeida
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon
| | - Pieter Van Vlieberghe
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, and Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charles G Mullighan
- Department of Pathology, Center of Excellence for Leukemia Studies, and Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis TN
| | - J Andres Yunes
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Centro Infantil Boldrini, Campinas, SP
| | | | - Françoise Pflumio
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, iRCM/IBFJ CEA, UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Saint-Louis Hospital, 75010 Paris
| | - João T Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon.
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Wang W, An J, Zhao R, Geng X, Jiang W, Yan X, Jiang B. Nanozymes: a new approach for leukemia therapy. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:2459-2470. [PMID: 38345341 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02819d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Leukemia is a type of clonal disorder of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells characterized by bone marrow failure, differentiation arrest, and lineage skewing. Despite leukemia being a complex disease and it being difficult to identify a single driving force, redox homeostasis, the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) producers and cellular antioxidant systems, is normally impaired during leukemogenesis. In this context, the modulation of ROS in leukemia cells can be harnessed for therapeutic purposes. Nanozymes are functional nanomaterials with enzyme-like characteristics, which address the intrinsic limitations of natural enzymes and exhibit great potential in synergistic antitumor therapy. Nanozymes possess catalytic activities (e.g., peroxidase-like activity, catalase-like activity, superoxide dismutase-like activity, and oxidase-like activity) to regulate ROS levels in vitro and in vivo, making them promising for leukemia therapy. On account of the rapid development of nanozymes recently, their application potentials in leukemia therapy are gradually being explored. To highlight the achievements of nanozymes in the leukemia field, this review summarizes the recent studies of nanozymes with anti-leukemia efficacy and the underlying mechanism. In addition, the challenges and prospects of nanozyme research in leukemia therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Jingyi An
- Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Runze Zhao
- Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Xin Geng
- Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Xiyun Yan
- Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Nanozyme Laboratory in Zhongyuan, Zhengzhou, Henan, 451163, China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
- Nanozyme Laboratory in Zhongyuan, Zhengzhou, Henan, 451163, China
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5
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Wang Q, Wei X. Research Progress on the Use of Metformin in Leukemia Treatment. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2024; 25:220-236. [PMID: 38286894 PMCID: PMC10873432 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-024-01179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Metformin is a first-line drug in the clinical treatment of type 2 diabetes. Its main molecular mechanism involves the activation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which regulates cell energy metabolism. Many clinical studies have shown that metformin can reduce the incidence and mortality of cancer in patients with or without diabetes. In vitro studies also confirmed that metformin can inhibit proliferation, promote apoptosis, and enhance the response of cells to chemical drugs and other anticancer effects on a variety of leukemia cells. In recent years, leukemia has become one of the most common malignant diseases. Although great progress has been made in therapeutic approaches for leukemia, novel drugs and better treatments are still needed to improve the therapeutic efficacy of these treatments. This article reviews the application status and possible mechanism of metformin in the treatment of leukemia to further understand the anticancer mechanism of metformin and expand its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Xudong Wei
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
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6
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Johansson KB, Zimmerman MS, Dmytrenko IV, Gao F, Link DC. Idasanutlin and navitoclax induce synergistic apoptotic cell death in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2023; 37:2356-2366. [PMID: 37838759 PMCID: PMC10681904 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-02057-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy in which activating mutations in the Notch pathway are thought to contribute to transformation, in part, by activating c-Myc. Increased c-Myc expression induces oncogenic stress that can trigger apoptosis through the MDM2-p53 tumor suppressor pathway. Since the great majority of T-ALL cases carry inactivating mutations upstream in this pathway but maintain wildtype MDM2 and TP53, we hypothesized that T-ALL would be selectively sensitive to MDM2 inhibition. Treatment with idasanutlin, an MDM2 inhibitor, induced only modest apoptosis in T-ALL cells but upregulated the pro-apoptotic BH3 domain genes BAX and BBC3, prompting us to evaluate the combination of idasanutlin with BH3 mimetics. Combination treatment with idasanutlin and navitoclax, a potent Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitor, induces more consistent and potent synergistic killing of T-ALL PDX lines in vitro than venetoclax, a Bcl-2 specific inhibitor. Moreover, a marked synergic response to combination treatment with idasanutlin and navitoclax was seen in vivo in all four T-ALL xenografts tested, with a significant increase in overall survival in the combination treatment group. Collectively, these preclinical data show that the combination of idasanutlin and navitoclax is highly active in T-ALL and may merit consideration in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly B Johansson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Megan S Zimmerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Iryna V Dmytrenko
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel C Link
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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7
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Liao WT, Chiang YJ, Yang-Yen HF, Hsu LC, Chang ZF, Yen JJY. CBAP regulates the function of Akt-associated TSC protein complexes to modulate mTORC1 signaling. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105455. [PMID: 37949232 PMCID: PMC10698277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Akt-Rheb-mTORC1 pathway plays a crucial role in regulating cell growth, but the mechanisms underlying the activation of Rheb-mTORC1 by Akt remain unclear. In our previous study, we found that CBAP was highly expressed in human T-ALL cells and primary tumors, and its deficiency led to reduced phosphorylation of TSC2/S6K1 signaling proteins as well as impaired cell proliferation and leukemogenicity. We also demonstrated that CBAP was required for Akt-mediated TSC2 phosphorylation in vitro. In response to insulin, CBAP was also necessary for the phosphorylation of TSC2/S6K1 and the dissociation of TSC2 from the lysosomal membrane. Here we report that CBAP interacts with AKT and TSC2, and knockout of CBAP or serum starvation leads to an increase in TSC1 in the Akt/TSC2 immunoprecipitation complexes. Lysosomal-anchored CBAP was found to override serum starvation and promote S6K1 and 4EBP1 phosphorylation and c-Myc expression in a TSC2-dependent manner. Additionally, recombinant CBAP inhibited the GAP activity of TSC2 complexes in vitro, leading to increased Rheb-GTP loading, likely due to the competition between TSC1 and CBAP for binding to the HBD domain of TSC2. Overexpression of the N26 region of CBAP, which is crucial for binding to TSC2, resulted in a decrease in mTORC1 signaling and an increase in TSC1 association with the TSC2/AKT complex, ultimately leading to increased GAP activity toward Rheb and impaired cell proliferation. Thus, we propose that CBAP can modulate the stability of TSC1-TSC2 as well as promote the translocation of TSC1/TSC2 complexes away from lysosomes to regulate Rheb-mTORC1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Liao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Jung Chiang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Li-Chung Hsu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zee-Fen Chang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jeffrey J Y Yen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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8
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Mai N, Abuhadra N, Jhaveri K. Molecularly Targeted Therapies for Triple Negative Breast Cancer: History, Advances, and Future Directions. Clin Breast Cancer 2023; 23:784-799. [PMID: 37336650 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains the subtype with poorest prognosis. Despite the subtype's heterogeneity, there is still a paucity in effective targeted therapeutics that offer both good efficacy and tolerability, and chemotherapy remains the backbone of modern TNBC therapy. In the past few years, immunotherapy as well as novel therapeutic modalities like antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have shown clinical benefit and have been FDA approved in various clinical stages of unselected TNBC. However, there has not been similar advancement in molecularly targeted therapies, especially when compared to advancements seen in hormone receptor (HR)-positive or HER2-positive breast cancer. PARP inhibitors have been approved for BRCA-mutated TNBC, but responses are short-lived, and resistance remains a barrier for current treatment. PI3K pathway inhibitors approved in HR+ breast cancer has not worked for TNBC and continue to have significant dose-limiting adverse effects. EGFR inhibition has been thoroughly explored in TNBC, but all trials so far have shown minimal efficacy. Nevertheless, despite these setbacks, current research in targeted therapy for TNBC holds great promise in overcoming the barriers of the past and developing novel therapeutic approaches for the future. In this review, we describe molecular targets both identified and validated in the treatment of TNBC, discuss the historical efforts towards development of targeted agents and current areas of improvement, and address promising advances that have the potential to improve outcomes in this heterogenous and aggressive breast cancer subtype. Immunotherapy, ADCs, and AR targeting will be discussed in separate reviews of this edition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Mai
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Nour Abuhadra
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Komal Jhaveri
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
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9
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Zheng F, Zhong J, Chen K, Shi Y, Wang F, Wang S, Tang S, Yuan X, Shen Z, Tang S, Xia D, Wu Y, Lu W. PINK1-PTEN axis promotes metastasis and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer via non-canonical pathway. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:295. [PMID: 37940999 PMCID: PMC10633943 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02823-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is commonly associated with a poor prognosis due to metastasis and chemoresistance. PINK1 (PTEN-induced kinase 1) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a crucial part in regulating various physiological and pathophysiological processes in cancer cells. METHODS The ATdb database and "CuratedOvarianData" were used to evaluate the effect of kinases on ovarian cancer survival. The gene expression in ovarian cancer cells was detected by Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR. The effects of gene knockdown or overexpression in vitro were evaluated by wound healing assay, cell transwell assay, immunofluorescence staining, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry analysis. Mass spectrometry analysis, protein structure analysis, co-immunoprecipitation assay, nuclear-cytoplasmic separation, and in vitro kinase assay were applied to demonstrate the PINK1-PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) interaction and the effect of this interaction. The metastasis experiments for ovarian cancer xenografts were performed in female BALB/c nude mice. RESULTS PINK1 was strongly associated with a poor prognosis in ovarian cancer patients and promoted metastasis and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer cells. Although the canonical PINK1/PRKN (parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase) pathway showed weak effects in ovarian cancer, PINK1 was identified to interact with PTEN and phosphorylate it at Serine179. Remarkably, the phosphorylation of PTEN resulted in the inactivation of the phosphatase activity, leading to an increase in AKT (AKT serine/threonine kinase) activity. Moreover, PINK1-mediated phosphorylation of PTEN impaired the nuclear import of PTEN, thereby enhancing the cancer cells' ability to resist chemotherapy and metastasize. CONCLUSIONS PINK1 interacts with and phosphorylates PTEN at Serine179, resulting in the activation of AKT and the inhibition of PTEN nuclear import. PINK1 promotes ovarian cancer metastasis and chemotherapy resistance through the regulation of PTEN. These findings offer new potential therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zheng
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Zhong
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kelie Chen
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengchao Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Song Tang
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yuan
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhangjin Shen
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sangsang Tang
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dajing Xia
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yihua Wu
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU042), Hangzhou, China.
| | - Weiguo Lu
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, China.
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Jamal M, Lei Y, He H, Zeng X, Bangash HI, Xiao D, Shao L, Zhou F, Zhang Q. CCR9 overexpression promotes T-ALL progression by enhancing cholesterol biosynthesis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1257289. [PMID: 37745085 PMCID: PMC10512069 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1257289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological malignancy of the lymphoid progenitor cells, contributing to ∼ 20% of the total ALL cases, with a higher prevalence in adults than children. Despite the important role of human T-ALL cell lines in understanding the pathobiology of the disease, a detailed comparison of the tumorigenic potentials of two commonly used T-ALL cell lines, MOLT4 and JURKAT cells, is still lacking. Methodology: In the present study, NOD-Prkdc scid IL2rgd ull (NTG) mice were intravenously injected with MOLT4, JURKAT cells, and PBS as a control. The leukemiac cell homing/infiltration into the bone marrow, blood, liver and spleen was investigated for bioluminescence imaging, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry staining. Gene expression profiling of the two cell lines was performed via RNA-seq to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). CCR9 identified as a DEG, was further screened for its role in invasion and metastasis in both cell lines in vitro. Moreover, a JURKAT cell line with overexpressed CCR9 (Jurkat-OeCCR9) was investigated for T-ALL formation in the NTG mice as compared to the GFP control. Jurkat-OeCCR9 cells were then subjected to transcriptome analysis to identify the genes and pathways associated with the upregulation of CCR9 leading to enhanced tumirogenesis. The DEGs of the CCR9-associated upregulation were validated both at mRNA and protein levels. Simvastatin was used to assess the effect of cholesterol biosynthesis inhibition on the aggressiveness of T-ALL cells. Results: Comparison of the leukemogenic potentials of the two T-ALL cell lines showed the relatively higher leukemogenic potential of MOLT4 cells, characterized by their enhanced tissue infiltration in NOD-PrkdcscidIL2rgdull (NTG) mice. Transcriptmoe analysis of the two cell lines revealed numerous DEGs, including CCR9, enriched in vital signaling pathways associated with growth and proliferation. Notably, the upregulation of CCR9 also promoted the tissue infiltration of JURKAT cells in vitro and in NTG mice. Transcriptome analysis revealed that CCR9 overexpression facilitated cholesterol production by upregulating the expression of the transcriptional factor SREBF2, and the downstream genes: MSMO1, MVD, HMGCS1, and HMGCR, which was then corroborated at the protein levels. Notably, simvastatin treatment reduced the migration of the CCR9-overexpressing JURKAT cells, suggesting the importance of cholesterol in T-ALL progression. Conclusions: This study highlights the distinct tumorigenic potentials of two T-ALL cell lines and reveals CCR9-regulated enhanced cholesterol biosynthesis in T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jamal
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufei Lei
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hengjing He
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingruo Zeng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hina Iqbal Bangash
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Shao
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuling Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Quiping Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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11
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Ehm P, Rietow R, Wegner W, Bußmann L, Kriegs M, Dierck K, Horn S, Streichert T, Horstmann M, Jücker M. SHIP1 Is Present but Strongly Downregulated in T-ALL, and after Restoration Suppresses Leukemia Growth in a T-ALL Xenotransplantation Mouse Model. Cells 2023; 12:1798. [PMID: 37443832 PMCID: PMC10341211 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cause of cancer-related death in children. Despite significantly increased chances of cure, especially for high-risk ALL patients, it still represents a poor prognosis for a substantial fraction of patients. Misregulated proteins in central switching points of the cellular signaling pathways represent potentially important therapeutic targets. Recently, the inositol phosphatase SHIP1 (SH2-containing inositol 5-phosphatase) has been considered as a tumor suppressor in leukemia. SHIP1 serves as an important negative regulator of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which is frequently constitutively activated in primary T-ALL. In contrast to other reports, we show for the first time that SHIP1 has not been lost in T-ALL cells, but is strongly downregulated. Reduced expression of SHIP1 leads to an increased activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. SHIP1-mRNA expression is frequently reduced in primary T-ALL samples, which is recapitulated by the decrease in SHIP1 expression at the protein level in seven out of eight available T-ALL patient samples. In addition, we investigated the change in the activity profile of tyrosine and serine/threonine kinases after the restoration of SHIP1 expression in Jurkat T-ALL cells. The tyrosine kinase receptor subfamilies of NTRK and PDGFR, which are upregulated in T-ALL subgroups with low SHIP1 expression, are significantly disabled after SHIP1 reconstitution. Lentiviral-mediated reconstitution of SHIP1 expression in Jurkat cells points to a decreased cellular proliferation upon transplantation into NSG mice in comparison to the control cohort. Together, our findings will help to elucidate the complex network of cell signaling proteins, further support a functional role for SHIP1 as tumor suppressor in T-ALL and, much more importantly, show that full-length SHIP1 is expressed in T-ALL samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ehm
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Research Institute Children’s Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg and Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medical Center, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ruth Rietow
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Research Institute Children’s Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg and Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medical Center, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wiebke Wegner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lara Bußmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- UCCH Kinomics Core Facility, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Kriegs
- UCCH Kinomics Core Facility, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Oncology, Clinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kevin Dierck
- Research Institute Children’s Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg and Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medical Center, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Horn
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Streichert
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Köln, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Horstmann
- Research Institute Children’s Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg and Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medical Center, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Jücker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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12
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Silic-Benussi M, Sharova E, Corradin A, Urso L, Raimondi V, Cavallari I, Buldini B, Francescato S, Minuzzo SA, D’Agostino DM, Ciminale V. Repurposing Verapamil to Enhance Killing of T-ALL Cells by the mTOR Inhibitor Everolimus. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030625. [PMID: 36978873 PMCID: PMC10045900 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
New therapies are needed for patients with T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) who do not respond to standard chemotherapy. Our previous studies showed that the mTORC1 inhibitor everolimus increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, decreases the levels of NADPH and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), and induces apoptosis in T-ALL cells. Studies in T-ALL-xenografted NOD/SCID mice demonstrated that everolimus improved their response to the glucocorticoid (GC) dexamethasone. Here we show that verapamil, a calcium antagonist used in the treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, enhanced the effects of everolimus on ROS and cell death in T-ALL cell lines. The death-enhancing effect was synergistic and was confirmed in assays on a panel of therapy-resistant patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and primary samples from T-ALL patients. The verapamil-everolimus combination produced a dramatic reduction in the levels of G6PD and induction of p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Studies of NOD/SCID mice inoculated with refractory T-ALL PDX cells demonstrated that the addition of verapamil to everolimus plus dexamethasone significantly reduced tumor growth in vivo. Taken together, our results provide a rationale for repurposing verapamil in association with mTORC inhibitors and GC to treat refractory T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micol Silic-Benussi
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV—IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.S.-B.); (V.C.)
| | | | | | - Loredana Urso
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Vittoria Raimondi
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Buldini
- Pediatric Hemato Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Department, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Samuela Francescato
- Pediatric Hemato Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Department, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Sonia A. Minuzzo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Donna M. D’Agostino
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV—IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ciminale
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV—IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.S.-B.); (V.C.)
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13
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Qiu Q, Sun Y, Yang L, Li Q, Feng Y, Li M, Yin Y, Zheng L, Li N, Qiu H, Cui X, He W, Wang B, Pan C, Wang Z, Huang J, Sample KM, Li Z, Hu Y. TSPAN32 suppresses chronic myeloid leukemia pathogenesis and progression by stabilizing PTEN. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:90. [PMID: 36854750 PMCID: PMC9974991 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We report herein that TSPAN32 is a key node factor for Philadelphia (Ph+) leukemia pathogenesis. We found that TSPAN32 expression was repressed by BCR-ABL and ectopic TSPAN32 expression upon Imatinib treatment inhibited the proliferation of Ph+ cell lines. Tspan32 overexpression significantly prevented BCR-ABL induced leukemia progression in a murine model and impaired leukemia stem cell (LSC) proliferation. LSCs represent an obstacle for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) elimination, which continually replenish leukemia cells and are associated with disease relapse. Therefore, the identification of essential targets that contribute to the survival and self-renewal of LSCs is important for novel curative CML. Mechanistically, TSPAN32 was shown to interact with PTEN, increased its protein level and caused a reduction in PI3K-AKT signaling activity. We also found that TSPAN32 was repressed by BCR-ABL via the suppression of an important transcription factor, TAL1. Ectopic expression of TAL1 significantly increased TSPAN32 mRNA and protein level, which indicated that BCR-ABL repressed TSPAN32 transcription by decreasing TAL1 expression. Overall, we identified a new signaling axis composed of "BCR-ABL-TAL1-TSPAN32-PTEN-PI3K-AKT". Our findings further complement the known mechanisms underlying the transformation potential of BCR-ABL in CML pathogenesis. This new signaling axis also provides a potential means to target PI3K-AKT for CML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Qiu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Linyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunyu Feng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuexia Yin
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huandi Qiu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Cui
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bochuan Wang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Cong Pan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Klarke M Sample
- Institute of Life Science, eBond Pharmaceutical Technology Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Laboratory of thyroid and parathyroid disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiguo Hu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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14
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Yang S, Wang B, Liao J, Hong Z, Zhong X, Chen S, Wu Z, Zhang X, Zuo Q. Molecular mechanism of XB130 adaptor protein mediates trastuzumab resistance in gastric cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:685-695. [PMID: 36284062 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02974-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is an essential molecular mechanism participating in trastuzumab resistance in HER2 + GC (gastric cancer). However, how can we effectively inhibit AKT activity associated with drug resistance during trastuzumab treatment? Screening inhibitors against the upstream receptors of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway or interacting proteins of members has become an important way. METHODS In this study, western blot, qRT-PCR, CCK8, Co-IP and other techniques were used to explore possible mechanisms participating in trastuzumab resistance in vitro. Besides, the xenograft mouse model and GC tissue samples from patients were used to further validate the in-vitro results. RESULTS The expression of XB130 adaptor protein was remarkably increased in GC cell lines resistant to trastuzumab, and knockdown of XB130 could reverse the resistance via downregulating p-AKT. In addition, p-SRC (Tyr416) was increased in resistant cells, which could facilitate the binding of XB130 to PI3K p85α. It was also discovered that XB130 could negatively regulate PTEN gene transcription, and thus a positive feedback loop was formed between SRC-XB130-PTEN. CONCLUSIONS In HER2 + GC, XB130 contributes to trastuzumab resistance by stimulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway through binding to PI3K p85α under the mediation of SRC kinase and regulating PTEN gene transcription, and in turn forming a positive feedback loop between SRC-XB130-PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Yang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiaqi Liao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ziyang Hong
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xuxian Zhong
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Suling Chen
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ziqing Wu
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xingyu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiang Zuo
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China.
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15
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Intrathymic dendritic cell-biased precursors promote human T cell lineage specification through IRF8-driven transmembrane TNF. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:474-486. [PMID: 36703005 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01417-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The cross-talk between thymocytes and thymic stromal cells is fundamental for T cell development. In humans, intrathymic development of dendritic cells (DCs) is evident but its physiological significance is unknown. Here we showed that DC-biased precursors depended on the expression of the transcription factor IRF8 to express the membrane-bound precursor form of the cytokine TNF (tmTNF) to promote differentiation of thymus seeding hematopoietic progenitors into T-lineage specified precursors through activation of the TNF receptor (TNFR)-2 instead of TNFR1. In vitro recapitulation of TNFR2 signaling by providing low-density tmTNF or a selective TNFR2 agonist enhanced the generation of human T cell precursors. Our study shows that, in addition to mediating thymocyte selection and maturation, DCs function as hematopoietic stromal support for the early stages of human T cell development and provide proof of concept that selective targeting of TNFR2 can enhance the in vitro generation of T cell precursors for clinical application.
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16
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Smith IN, Dawson JE, Eng C. Comparative Protein Structural Network Analysis Reveals C-Terminal Tail Phosphorylation Structural Communication Fingerprint in PTEN-Associated Mutations in Autism and Cancer. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:634-647. [PMID: 36626331 PMCID: PMC9885960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c06776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) is a tightly regulated dual-specificity phosphatase and key regulator of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. PTEN phosphorylation at its carboxy-terminal tail (CTT) serine/threonine cluster negatively regulates its tumor suppressor function by inducing a stable, closed, and inactive conformation. Germline PTEN mutations predispose individuals to PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS), a rare inherited cancer syndrome and, intriguingly, one of the most common causes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the mechanistic details that govern phosphorylated CTT catalytic conformational dynamics in the context of PHTS-associated mutations are unknown. Here, we utilized a comparative protein structure network (PSN)-based approach to investigate PTEN CTT phosphorylation-induced conformational dynamics specific to PTEN-ASD compared to PTEN-cancer phenotypes. Results from our study show differences in structural flexibility, inter-residue contacts, and allosteric communication patterns mediated by CTT phosphorylation, differentiating PTEN-ASD and PTEN-cancer phenotypes. Further, we identified perturbations among global metapaths and community network connections within the active site and inter-domain regions, indicating the significance of these regions in transmitting information across the PSN. Together, our studies provide a mechanistic underpinning of allosteric regulation through the coupled interplay of CTT phosphorylation conformational dynamics in PTEN-ASD and PTEN-cancer mutations. Importantly, the detailed atomistic interactions and structural consequences of PTEN variants reveal potential allosteric druggable target sites as a viable and currently unexplored treatment approach for individuals with different PHTS-associated mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris N. Smith
- Genomic
Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE-50, Cleveland, Ohio44195, United States
| | - Jennifer E. Dawson
- Genomic
Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE-50, Cleveland, Ohio44195, United States
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic
Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE-50, Cleveland, Ohio44195, United States
- Cleveland
Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case
Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio44195, United
States
- Case
Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western
Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio44106, United States
- Taussig
Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio44195, United States
- Department
of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western
Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio44106, United States
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17
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Toribio ML, González-García S. Notch Partners in the Long Journey of T-ALL Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021383. [PMID: 36674902 PMCID: PMC9866461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological disease that arises from the oncogenic transformation of developing T cells during T-lymphopoiesis. Although T-ALL prognosis has improved markedly in recent years, relapsing and refractory patients with dismal outcomes still represent a major clinical issue. Consequently, understanding the pathological mechanisms that lead to the appearance of this malignancy and developing novel and more effective targeted therapies is an urgent need. Since the discovery in 2004 that a major proportion of T-ALL patients carry activating mutations that turn NOTCH1 into an oncogene, great efforts have been made to decipher the mechanisms underlying constitutive NOTCH1 activation, with the aim of understanding how NOTCH1 dysregulation converts the physiological NOTCH1-dependent T-cell developmental program into a pathological T-cell transformation process. Several molecular players have so far been shown to cooperate with NOTCH1 in this oncogenic process, and different therapeutic strategies have been developed to specifically target NOTCH1-dependent T-ALLs. Here, we comprehensively analyze the molecular bases of the cross-talk between NOTCH1 and cooperating partners critically involved in the generation and/or maintenance and progression of T-ALL and discuss novel opportunities and therapeutic approaches that current knowledge may open for future treatment of T-ALL patients.
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18
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Vasileva AN, Aleshina OA, Biderman BV, Sudarikov AB. Molecular genetic abnormalities in patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a literature review. ONCOHEMATOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.17650/1818-8346-2022-17-4-166-176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological disease. Modern polychemotherapy protocols allow achieving a 5-year overall survival of 60–90 % in different age groups, however, relapses and refractory forms of T-ALL remain incurable. Over the past decades, the pathogenesis of this variant of leukemia has been studied in many trials, and it has been found that various signaling pathways are involved in the multi-step process of leukemogenesis. This opens the way for targeted therapy.In this review, we provide an update on the pathogenesis of T-ALL, opportunities for introducing targeted therapies, and issues that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. N. Vasileva
- National Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - O. A. Aleshina
- National Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - B. V. Biderman
- National Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - A. B. Sudarikov
- National Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health of Russia
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19
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Smith IN, Dawson JE, Krieger J, Thacker S, Bahar I, Eng C. Structural and Dynamic Effects of PTEN C-Terminal Tail Phosphorylation. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:4175-4190. [PMID: 36001481 PMCID: PMC9472802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) tumor suppressor gene encodes a tightly regulated dual-specificity phosphatase that serves as the master regulator of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. The carboxy-terminal tail (CTT) is key to regulation and harbors multiple phosphorylation sites (Ser/Thr residues 380-385). CTT phosphorylation suppresses the phosphatase activity by inducing a stable, closed conformation. However, little is known about the mechanisms of phosphorylation-induced CTT-deactivation dynamics. Using explicit solvent microsecond molecular dynamics simulations, we show that CTT phosphorylation leads to a partially collapsed conformation, which alters the secondary structure of PTEN and induces long-range conformational rearrangements that encompass the active site. The active site rearrangements prevent localization of PTEN to the membrane, precluding lipid phosphatase activity. Notably, we have identified phosphorylation-induced allosteric coupling between the interdomain region and a hydrophobic site neighboring the active site in the phosphatase domain. Collectively, the results provide a mechanistic understanding of CTT phosphorylation dynamics and reveal potential druggable allosteric sites in a previously believed clinically undruggable protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris N. Smith
- Genomic
Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE-50, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Jennifer E. Dawson
- Genomic
Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE-50, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - James Krieger
- Department
of Computational and Systems Biology, University
of Pittsburgh, 800 Murdoch Building, 3420 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Stetson Thacker
- Genomic
Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE-50, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
- Cleveland
Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case
Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United
States
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Department
of Computational and Systems Biology, University
of Pittsburgh, 800 Murdoch Building, 3420 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic
Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE-50, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
- Cleveland
Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case
Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United
States
- Case
Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western
Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Taussig
Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
- Department
of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western
Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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20
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Nguyen H, Zhu W, Baltan S. Casein Kinase 2 Signaling in White Matter Stroke. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:908521. [PMID: 35911974 PMCID: PMC9325966 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.908521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of the aging population, together with improved stroke care, has resulted in an increase in stroke survivors and a rise in recurrent events. Axonal injury and white matter (WM) dysfunction are responsible for much of the disability observed after stroke. The mechanisms of WM injury are distinct compared to gray matter and change with age. Therefore, an ideal stroke therapeutic must restore neuronal and axonal function when applied before or after a stroke, and it must also protect across age groups. Casein kinase 2 (CK2), is expressed in the brain, including WM, and is regulated during the development and numerous disease conditions such as cancer and ischemia. CK2 activation in WM mediates ischemic injury by activating the Cdk5 and AKT/GSK3β signaling pathways. Consequently, CK2 inhibition using the small molecule inhibitor CX-4945 (Silmitasertib) correlates with preservation of oligodendrocytes, conservation of axon structure, and axonal mitochondria, leading to improved functional recovery. Remarkably, CK2 inhibition promotes WM function when applied after ischemic injury by specifically regulating the AKT/GSK3β pathways. The blockade of the active conformation of AKT confers post-ischemic protection to young and old WM by preserving mitochondria, implying AKT as a common therapeutic target across age groups. Using a NanoString nCounter miRNA expression profiling, comparative analyses of ischemic WM with or without CX-4945 treatment reveal that miRNAs are expressed at high levels in WM after ischemia, and CX-4945 differentially regulates some of these miRNAs. Therefore, we propose that miRNA regulation may be one of the protective actions of CX-4945 against WM ischemic injury. Silmitasertib is FDA approved and currently in use for cancer and Covid patients; therefore, it is plausible to repurpose CK2 inhibitors for stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Selva Baltan
- Anesthesiology and Peri-Operative Medicine (APOM), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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21
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Romo-González M, Ijurko C, Hernández-Hernández Á. Reactive Oxygen Species and Metabolism in Leukemia: A Dangerous Liaison. Front Immunol 2022; 13:889875. [PMID: 35757686 PMCID: PMC9218220 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.889875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), previously considered toxic by-products of aerobic metabolism, are increasingly recognized as regulators of cellular signaling. Keeping ROS levels low is essential to safeguard the self-renewal capacity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). HSC reside in a hypoxic environment and have been shown to be highly dependent on the glycolytic pathway to meet their energy requirements. However, when the differentiation machinery is activated, there is an essential enhancement of ROS together with a metabolic shift toward oxidative metabolism. Initiating and sustaining leukemia depend on the activity of leukemic stem cells (LSC). LSC also show low ROS levels, but unlike HSC, LSC rely on oxygen to meet their metabolic energetic requirements through mitochondrial respiration. In contrast, leukemic blasts show high ROS levels and great metabolic plasticity, both of which seem to sustain their invasiveness. Oxidative stress and metabolism rewiring are recognized as hallmarks of cancer that are intimately intermingled. Here we present a detailed overview of these two features, sustained at different levels, that support a two-way relationship in leukemia. Modifying ROS levels and targeting metabolism are interesting therapeutic approaches. Therefore, we provide the most recent evidence on the modulation of oxidative stress and metabolism as a suitable anti-leukemic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Romo-González
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carla Ijurko
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ángel Hernández-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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22
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Perbellini O, Cavallini C, Chignola R, Galasso M, Scupoli MT. Phospho-Specific Flow Cytometry Reveals Signaling Heterogeneity in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Lines. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132072. [PMID: 35805156 PMCID: PMC9266179 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Several signaling pathways are aberrantly activated in T-ALL due to genetic alterations of their components and in response to external microenvironmental cues. To functionally characterize elements of the signaling network in T-ALL, here we analyzed ten signaling proteins that are frequently altered in T-ALL -namely Akt, Erk1/2, JNK, Lck, NF-κB p65, p38, STAT3, STAT5, ZAP70, Rb- in Jurkat, CEM and MOLT4 cell lines, using phospho-specific flow cytometry. Phosphorylation statuses of signaling proteins were measured in the basal condition or under modulation with H2O2, PMA, CXCL12 or IL7. Signaling profiles are characterized by a high variability across the analyzed T-ALL cell lines. Hierarchical clustering analysis documents that higher intrinsic phosphorylation of Erk1/2, Lck, ZAP70, and Akt, together with ZAP70 phosphorylation induced by H2O2, identifies Jurkat cells. In contrast, CEM are characterized by higher intrinsic phosphorylation of JNK and Rb and higher responsiveness of Akt to external stimuli. MOLT4 cells are characterized by higher basal STAT3 phosphorylation. These data document that phospho-specific flow cytometry reveals a high variability in intrinsic as well as modulated signaling networks across different T-ALL cell lines. Characterizing signaling network profiles across individual leukemia could provide the basis to identify molecular targets for personalized T-ALL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Perbellini
- Department of Cell Therapy and Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital, Viale Ferdinando Rodolfi, 37, 36100 Vicenza, Italy;
| | - Chiara Cavallini
- Research Center LURM, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Medical Research, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Roberto Chignola
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Marilisa Galasso
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Maria T. Scupoli
- Research Center LURM, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Medical Research, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy;
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-045-8128-425
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23
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Hu S, Zou Y, Jiang Y, Zhang Q, Cheng H, Wang H, Li X. Scutellarin‐mediated autophagy activates exosome release of rat nucleus pulposus cells by positively regulating Rab8a via the PI3K/PTEN/Akt pathway. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1588-1603. [PMID: 35762224 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shun‐Qi Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Yan‐Pei Zou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Yun‐Qi Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Qi‐Chen Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Hong‐Xia Cheng
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Hui‐Ren Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Xi‐Lei Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
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24
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Looking at Thyroid Cancer from the Tumor-Suppressor Genes Point of View. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102461. [PMID: 35626065 PMCID: PMC9139614 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer. As tumor-suppressor genes (TSGs) are implicated in many different functions in the organism, their loss in cells in a normal tissue may drive their transformation into cancer cells. TSGs are generally classified into three subclasses: (i) gatekeepers that encode proteins involved in the control of cell cycle and apoptosis; (ii) caretakers that produce proteins implicated in maintaining genomic stability; and (iii) landscapers that, when mutated, create a suitable environment for neoplastic growth. Different inactivation mechanisms may suppress TSG function. Understanding these mechanisms and TSG alterations in thyroid tumors is of great importance for thyroid cancer prognosis, diagnosis, and therapy. The present review paper discusses TSG inactivation mechanisms and alterations in order to help to identify more efficient therapeutic modalities for thyroid cancer management. Abstract Thyroid cancer is the most frequent endocrine malignancy and accounts for approximately 1% of all diagnosed cancers. A variety of mechanisms are involved in the transformation of a normal tissue into a malignant one. Loss of tumor-suppressor gene (TSG) function is one of these mechanisms. The normal functions of TSGs include cell proliferation and differentiation control, genomic integrity maintenance, DNA damage repair, and signaling pathway regulation. TSGs are generally classified into three subclasses: (i) gatekeepers that encode proteins involved in cell cycle and apoptosis control; (ii) caretakers that produce proteins implicated in the genomic stability maintenance; and (iii) landscapers that, when mutated, create a suitable environment for malignant cell growth. Several possible mechanisms have been implicated in TSG inactivation. Reviewing the various TSG alteration types detected in thyroid cancers may help researchers to better understand the TSG defects implicated in the development/progression of this cancer type and to find potential targets for prognostic, predictive, diagnostic, and therapeutic purposes. Hence, the main purposes of this review article are to describe the various TSG inactivation mechanisms and alterations in human thyroid cancer, and the current therapeutic options for targeting TSGs in thyroid cancer.
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25
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A hotspot mutation targeting the R-RAS2 GTPase acts as a potent oncogenic driver in a wide spectrum of tumors. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110522. [PMID: 35294890 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A missense change in RRAS2 (Gln72 to Leu), analogous to the Gln61-to-Leu mutation of RAS oncoproteins, has been identified as a long-tail hotspot mutation in cancer and Noonan syndrome. However, the relevance of this mutation for in vivo tumorigenesis remains understudied. Here we show, using an inducible knockin mouse model, that R-Ras2Q72L triggers rapid development of a wide spectrum of tumors when somatically expressed in adult tissues. These tumors show limited overlap with those originated by classical Ras oncogenes. R-Ras2Q72L-driven tumors can be classified into different subtypes according to therapeutic susceptibility. Importantly, the most relevant R-Ras2Q72L-driven tumors are dependent on mTORC1 but independent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-, MEK-, and Ral guanosine diphosphate (GDP) dissociation stimulator. This pharmacological vulnerability is due to the extensive rewiring by R-Ras2Q72L of pathways that orthogonally stimulate mTORC1 signaling. These findings demonstrate that RRAS2Q72L is a bona fide oncogenic driver and unveil therapeutic strategies for patients with cancer and Noonan syndrome bearing RRAS2 mutations.
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26
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Investigation of the function of the PI3-Kinase / AKT signaling pathway for leukemogenesis and therapy of acute childhood lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Cell Signal 2022; 93:110301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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27
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Singh R, Manna PP. Reactive oxygen species in cancer progression and its role in therapeutics. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2022.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The redox status in pathogenesis is critically regulated by careful balance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their elimination. Increased ROS level above the cellular tolerability threshold results in apoptotic or necrotic cell death. ROS belongs to a group of highly reactive compounds that have evolved to play key roles in cellular signaling pathways. It’s widely assumed that a reasonable amount of ROS is essential for a variety of biological processes. Elevated levels of ROS are known to cause various pathologic conditions like neurological disorders, cardiovascular conditions, inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer. ROS is well known to initiate and assist in progression of tumor by promoting proliferation and survival of cancer cells and thus facilitates pro-tumorigenic signaling in tumor microenvironment. As cancer cells become more resilient to the effects of ROS manipulating drugs, increased antioxidant capacity attenuates their susceptibility to cancer treatment. Excessive environmental stress, on the other hand, can cause cancer cells to die. This review summarizes various molecular mechanisms including the role of checkpoint inhibitors that can be harnessed to develop effective therapeutic strategies for targeting ROS
related signaling in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet Singh
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Partha Pratim Manna
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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28
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Silic-Benussi M, Sharova E, Ciccarese F, Cavallari I, Raimondi V, Urso L, Corradin A, Kotler H, Scattolin G, Buldini B, Francescato S, Basso G, Minuzzo SA, Indraccolo S, D'Agostino DM, Ciminale V. mTOR inhibition downregulates glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and induces ROS-dependent death in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Redox Biol 2022; 51:102268. [PMID: 35248829 PMCID: PMC8899410 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vittoria Raimondi
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Loredana Urso
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Corradin
- Istituto Tecnico Industriale Statale "Alessandro Rossi", Vicenza, Italy
| | - Harel Kotler
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gloria Scattolin
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Buldini
- Pediatric Hemato Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Samuela Francescato
- Pediatric Hemato Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Basso
- Pediatric Hemato Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy
| | - Sonia A Minuzzo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Indraccolo
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Donna M D'Agostino
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ciminale
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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29
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Rindiarti A, Okamoto Y, Nakagawa S, Hirose J, Kodama Y, Nishikawa T, Kawano Y. Changes in intracellular activation-related gene expression and induction of Akt contribute to acquired resistance toward nelarabine in CCRF-CEM cell line. Leuk Lymphoma 2022; 63:404-415. [PMID: 35080473 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1992617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major problem in treatment with nelarabine, and its resolution requires elucidation of the underlying mechanisms. We established two nelarabine-resistant subclones of the human T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia cell line CCRF-CEM. The resistant subclones showed changes in the expression of several genes related to nelarabine intracellular activation and inhibition of apoptosis. Activation of the Akt protein upon nelarabine treatment was observed in both subclones. The combination treatment with nelarabine and PI3K/Akt inhibitors was shown to inhibit cell growth. Cross-resistance was observed with ara-C and not with vincristine, daunorubicin, or etoposide treatment. Thus, changes in the expression of cellular activation-related genes, inhibition of apoptosis, and induction of Akt may be involved in the development of nelarabine resistance in the CCRF-CEM cell model. The use of different classes of chemotherapeutic agents and combination therapy with PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitors may be used to overcome resistance to nelarabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almitra Rindiarti
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima City, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Okamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima City, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nakagawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima City, Japan
| | - Junko Hirose
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima City, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kodama
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima City, Japan
| | - Takuro Nishikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima City, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kawano
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima City, Japan
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30
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Grüninger PK, Uhl F, Herzog H, Gentile G, Andrade-Martinez M, Schmidt T, Han K, Morgens DW, Bassik MC, Cleary ML, Gorka O, Zeiser R, Groß O, Duque-Afonso J. Functional characterization of the PI3K/AKT/MTOR signaling pathway for targeted therapy in B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1751-1760. [PMID: 35794338 PMCID: PMC9663301 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00491-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemias (B-ALL) are characterized by the activation of signaling pathways, which are involved in survival and proliferation of leukemia cells. Using an unbiased shRNA library screen enriched for targeting signaling pathways, we identified MTOR as the key gene on which human B-ALL E2A-PBX1+ RCH-ACV cells are dependent. Using genetic and pharmacologic approaches, we investigated whether B-ALL cells depend on MTOR upstream signaling pathways including PI3K/AKT and the complexes MTORC1 or MTORC2 for proliferation and survival in vitro and in vivo. Notably, the combined inhibition of MTOR and AKT shows a synergistic effect on decreased cell proliferation in B-ALL with different karyotypes. Hence, B-ALL cells were more dependent on MTORC2 rather than MTORC1 complex in genetic assays. Using cell metabolomics, we identified changes in mitochondrial fuel oxidation after shRNA-mediated knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of MTOR. Dependence of the cells on fatty acid metabolism for their energy production was increased upon inhibition of MTOR and associated upstream signaling pathways, disclosing a possible target for a combination therapy. In conclusion, B-ALL are dependent on the PI3K/AKT/MTOR signaling pathway and the combination of specific small molecules targeting this pathway appears to be promising for the treatment of B-ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia K. Grüninger
- grid.7708.80000 0000 9428 7911Department of Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Uhl
- grid.7708.80000 0000 9428 7911Department of Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heike Herzog
- grid.7708.80000 0000 9428 7911Department of Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gaia Gentile
- grid.7708.80000 0000 9428 7911Department of Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marta Andrade-Martinez
- grid.7708.80000 0000 9428 7911Department of Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmidt
- grid.7708.80000 0000 9428 7911Department of Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kyuho Han
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - David W. Morgens
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Michael C. Bassik
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Michael L. Cleary
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Oliver Gorka
- grid.5963.9Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Zeiser
- grid.7708.80000 0000 9428 7911Department of Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany ,grid.5963.9Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Groß
- grid.5963.9Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany ,grid.5963.9Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany ,grid.7708.80000 0000 9428 7911Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), University of Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jesús Duque-Afonso
- grid.7708.80000 0000 9428 7911Department of Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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The Immune Regulatory Role of Protein Kinase CK2 and Its Implications for Treatment of Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121932. [PMID: 34944749 PMCID: PMC8698504 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein Kinase CK2, a constitutively active serine/threonine kinase, fulfills its functions via phosphorylating hundreds of proteins in nearly all cells. It regulates a variety of cellular signaling pathways and contributes to cell survival, proliferation and inflammation. CK2 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hematologic and solid cancers. Recent data have documented that CK2 has unique functions in both innate and adaptive immune cells. In this article, we review aspects of CK2 biology, functions of the major innate and adaptive immune cells, and how CK2 regulates the function of immune cells. Finally, we provide perspectives on how CK2 effects in immune cells, particularly T-cells, may impact the treatment of cancers via targeting CK2.
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Reactive Oxygen Species in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia: Reducing Radicals to Refine Responses. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101616. [PMID: 34679751 PMCID: PMC8533157 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common cancer diagnosed in children and adolescents. Approximately 70% of patients survive >5-years following diagnosis, however, for those that fail upfront therapies, survival is poor. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are elevated in a range of cancers and are emerging as significant contributors to the leukaemogenesis of ALL. ROS modulate the function of signalling proteins through oxidation of cysteine residues, as well as promote genomic instability by damaging DNA, to promote chemotherapy resistance. Current therapeutic approaches exploit the pro-oxidant intracellular environment of malignant B and T lymphoblasts to cause irreversible DNA damage and cell death, however these strategies impact normal haematopoiesis and lead to long lasting side-effects. Therapies suppressing ROS production, especially those targeting ROS producing enzymes such as the NADPH oxidases (NOXs), are emerging alternatives to treat cancers and may be exploited to improve the ALL treatment. Here, we discuss the roles that ROS play in normal haematopoiesis and in ALL. We explore the molecular mechanisms underpinning overproduction of ROS in ALL, and their roles in disease progression and drug resistance. Finally, we examine strategies to target ROS production, with a specific focus on the NOX enzymes, to improve the treatment of ALL.
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Silva A, Almeida ARM, Cachucho A, Neto JL, Demeyer S, de Matos M, Hogan T, Li Y, Meijerink J, Cools J, Grosso AR, Seddon B, Barata JT. Overexpression of wild-type IL-7Rα promotes T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. Blood 2021; 138:1040-1052. [PMID: 33970999 PMCID: PMC8462360 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight regulation of IL-7Rα expression is essential for normal T-cell development. IL-7Rα gain-of-function mutations are known drivers of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Although a subset of patients with T-ALL display high IL7R messenger RNA levels and cases with IL7R gains have been reported, the impact of IL-7Rα overexpression, rather than mutational activation, during leukemogenesis remains unclear. In this study, overexpressed IL-7Rα in tetracycline-inducible Il7r transgenic and Rosa26 IL7R knockin mice drove potential thymocyte self-renewal, and thymus hyperplasia related to increased proliferation of T-cell precursors, which subsequently infiltrated lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow, ultimately leading to fatal leukemia. The tumors mimicked key features of human T-ALL, including heterogeneity in immunophenotype and genetic subtype between cases, frequent hyperactivation of the PI3K/Akt pathway paralleled by downregulation of p27Kip1 and upregulation of Bcl-2, and gene expression signatures evidencing activation of JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Notch signaling. Notably, we also found that established tumors may no longer require high levels of IL-7R expression upon secondary transplantation and progressed in the absence of IL-7, but remain sensitive to inhibitors of IL-7R-mediated signaling ruxolitinib (Jak1), AZD1208 (Pim), dactolisib (PI3K/mTOR), palbociclib (Cdk4/6), and venetoclax (Bcl-2). The relevance of these findings for human disease are highlighted by the fact that samples from patients with T-ALL with high wild-type IL7R expression display a transcriptional signature resembling that of IL-7-stimulated pro-T cells and, critically, of IL7R-mutant cases of T-ALL. Overall, our study demonstrates that high expression of IL-7Rα can promote T-cell tumorigenesis, even in the absence of IL-7Rα mutational activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Silva
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Afonso R M Almeida
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Cachucho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João L Neto
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofie Demeyer
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Center for Cancer Biology
- Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven Center for Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit (VIB-KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mafalda de Matos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Thea Hogan
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yunlei Li
- Department of Pathology Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jules Meijerink
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.; and
| | - Jan Cools
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Center for Cancer Biology
| | - Ana Rita Grosso
- Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Unidade de Ciências Biomoleculares Aplicadas (UCIBIO), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Benedict Seddon
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - João T Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Jenkins EC, Chattopadhyay M, Germain D. Are the estrogen receptor and SIRT3 axes of the mitochondrial UPR key regulators of breast cancer sub-type determination according to age? AGING AND CANCER 2021; 2:75-81. [PMID: 34927079 DOI: 10.1002/aac2.12035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor of developing breast cancer. Despite the fact that post-menopausal women have lower levels of estrogen, older women have a higher rate of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) positive breast cancer. Conversely, young women who have elevated levels of estrogen tend to develop ERα negative disease that is associated with higher rate of metastasis. This perspective proposes a unifying model centered around the importance of mitochondrial biology in cancer and aging to explain these observations. Mitochondria are essential for the survival of cancer cells and therefore pathways that maintain the functionality of the mitochondrial network in cancer cells fulfill a critical role in the survival of cancer cells. The ERα and the mitochondrial sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) have been reported to be key players of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) 1-5. The UPRmt is a complex retrograde signaling cascade that regulates the communication between the mitochondria and the nucleus to restore mitochondrial fitness in response to oxidative stress 5-7. SIRT3 is a major regulator of aging 8. Its level decreases with age and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that preserve its expression at higher levels are observed in centenarians 9,10. We propose a model whereby the ERα axis of the UPRmt acts to compensate for the loss of SIRT3 observed with age, and becomes the dominant axis of the UPRmt to maintain the integrity of the mitochondria during transformation, thus explaining the selective advantage of ERα positive luminal cells in breast cancer arising from older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund Charles Jenkins
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, New York, 10029, NY, USA
| | - Mrittika Chattopadhyay
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, New York, 10029, NY, USA
| | - Doris Germain
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, New York, 10029, NY, USA
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Lin X, Fang Y, Jin X, Zhang M, Shi K. Modulating Repolarization of Tumor-Associated Macrophages with Targeted Therapeutic Nanoparticles as a Potential Strategy for Cancer Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:5871-5896. [PMID: 35006894 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There are always some components in the tumor microenvironment (TME), such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), that help tumor cells escape the body's immune surveillance. Therefore, this situation can lead to tumor growth, progression, and metastasis, resulting in low response rates for cancer therapy. Macrophages play an important role with strong plasticity and functional diversity. Facing different microenvironmental stimulations, macrophages undergo a dynamic change in phenotype and function into two major macrophage subpopulations, namely classical activation/inflammation (M1) and alternative activation/regeneration (M2) type. Through various signaling pathways, macrophages polarize into complex groups, which can perform different immune functions. In this review, we emphasize the use of nanopreparations for macrophage related immunotherapy based on the pathological knowledge of TAMs phenotype. These macrophages targeted nanoparticles re-edit and re-educate macrophages by attenuating M2 macrophages and reducing aggregation to the TME, thereby relieving or alleviating immunosuppression. Among them, we describe in detail the cellular mechanisms and regulators of several major signaling pathways involved in the plasticity and polarization functions of macrophages. The advantages and challenges of those nanotherapeutics for these pathways have been elucidated, providing the basis and insights for the diagnosis and treatment strategies of various diseases centered on macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 117004, P. R. China
| | - Yan Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 117004, P. R. China
| | - Xuechao Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 117004, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 117004, P. R. China
| | - Kai Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 300350 Tianjin, China
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Mian AA, Zafar U, Ahmed SMA, Ottmann OG, Lalani ENMA. Oncogene-independent resistance in Philadelphia chromosome - positive (Ph +) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is mediated by activation of AKT/mTOR pathway. Neoplasia 2021; 23:1016-1027. [PMID: 34403880 PMCID: PMC8368770 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib, and ponatinib have significantly improved the life expectancy of Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) patients; however, resistance to TKIs remains a major clinical challenge. Point mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) of BCR-ABL1 have emerged as the predominant cause of acquired resistance. In approximately 30% of patients, the mechanism of resistance to TKIs remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate mechanisms of nonmutational resistance in Ph+ ALL. Here we report the development of a nonmutational resistance cell line SupB15-RT; conferring resistance to approved ABL kinase inhibitors (AKIs) and allosteric inhibitors GNF-2, ABL001, and crizotinib, except for dasatinib (IC90 50nM), a multitarget kinase inhibitor. We found that the AKT/mTOR pathway is activated in these cells and their proliferation inhibited by Torin-1 with an IC50 of 24.7 nM. These observations were confirmed using 3 different ALL patient-derived long term cultures (PDLTCs): (1) HP (BCR-ABL1 negative), (2) PH (BCR-ABL1 positive and responsive to TKIs) and (3) BV (BCR-ABL1 positive and nonmutational resistant to TKIs). Furthermore, Torin-1 and NVP-BEZ235 induced apoptosis in PH and BV cells but not in HP cells. Our experiments provide evidence of the involvement of AKT/mTOR pathway in the evolution of nonmutational resistance in Ph+ ALL which will assist in developing novel targeted therapy for Ph+ ALL patients with BCR-ABL1 independent nonmutational resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsar Ali Mian
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Usva Zafar
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - El-Nasir M A Lalani
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Cruz AF, Caleiras MB, Fonseca NA, Gonçalves N, Mendes VM, Sampaio SF, Moura V, Melo JB, Almeida RD, Manadas B, Simões S, Moreira JN. The Enhanced Efficacy of Intracellular Delivery of Doxorubicin/C6-Ceramide Combination Mediated by the F3 Peptide/Nucleolin System Is Supported by the Downregulation of the PI3K/Akt Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123052. [PMID: 34207464 PMCID: PMC8235382 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Targeted nanomedicine-based approaches that aim at the simultaneous delivery of synergistic drug combinations to multiple cellular populations are of high relevance for tackling heterogeneity on solid tumors. Considering that cancer stem cells (CSC) may originate from non-stem cancer cells, single-drug regimens targeting only one of these cell populations could enable tumors to evade treatments. As such, the identification of a common marker, such as nucleolin, might result in a therapeutic advantage. The results herein generated suggested a transversal role of nucleolin in the internalization of F3 peptide-targeted pegylated pH-sensitive liposomes into bulk ovarian cancer cells, including putative CSC-enriched ovarian cells. The intracellular delivery of a drug combination such as the one tested herein was relevant in the context of cell lines with higher intrinsic resistances to doxorubicin. The enhanced efficacy of the F3 peptide-targeted liposomal combination of doxorubicin/C6-ceramide was supported by the downregulation of the Akt pathway, within a specific range of basal level of expression. Abstract Targeting multiple cellular populations is of high therapeutic relevance for the tackling of solid tumors heterogeneity. Herein, the ability of pegylated and pH-sensitive liposomes, functionalized with the nucleolin-binding F3 peptide and containing doxorubicin (DXR)/C6-ceramide synergistic combination, to target, in vitro, ovarian cancer, including ovarian cancer stem cells (CSC), was assessed. The underlying molecular mechanism of action of the nucleolin-mediated intracellular delivery of C6-ceramide to cancer cells was also explored. The assessment of overexpression of surface nucleolin expression by flow cytometry was critical to dissipate differences identified by Western blot in membrane/cytoplasm of SKOV-3, OVCAR-3 and TOV-112D ovarian cancer cell lines. The former was in line with the significant extent of uptake into (bulk) ovarian cancer cells, relative to non-targeted and non-specific counterparts. This pattern of uptake was recapitulated with putative CSC-enriched ovarian SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 sub-population (EpCAMhigh/CD44high). Co-encapsulation of DXR:C6-ceramide into F3 peptide-targeted liposomes improved cytotoxic activity relative to liposomes containing DXR alone, in an extent that depended on the intrinsic resistance to DXR and on the incubation time. The enhanced cytotoxicity of the targeted combination was mechanistically supported by the downregulation of PI3K/Akt pathway by C6-ceramide, only among the nucleolin-overexpressing cancer cells presenting a basal p-Akt/total Akt ratio lower than 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F. Cruz
- CNC—Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine (Polo 1), Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.F.C.); (M.B.C.); (N.A.F.); (N.G.); (V.M.M.); (S.F.S.); (V.M.); (R.D.A.); (B.M.); (S.S.)
- Univ Coimbra—University of Coimbra, CIBB, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana B. Caleiras
- CNC—Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine (Polo 1), Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.F.C.); (M.B.C.); (N.A.F.); (N.G.); (V.M.M.); (S.F.S.); (V.M.); (R.D.A.); (B.M.); (S.S.)
- Univ Coimbra—University of Coimbra, CIBB, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno A. Fonseca
- CNC—Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine (Polo 1), Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.F.C.); (M.B.C.); (N.A.F.); (N.G.); (V.M.M.); (S.F.S.); (V.M.); (R.D.A.); (B.M.); (S.S.)
- TREAT U, SA—Parque Industrial de Taveiro, Lote 44, 3045-508 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nélio Gonçalves
- CNC—Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine (Polo 1), Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.F.C.); (M.B.C.); (N.A.F.); (N.G.); (V.M.M.); (S.F.S.); (V.M.); (R.D.A.); (B.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Vera M. Mendes
- CNC—Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine (Polo 1), Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.F.C.); (M.B.C.); (N.A.F.); (N.G.); (V.M.M.); (S.F.S.); (V.M.); (R.D.A.); (B.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Susana F. Sampaio
- CNC—Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine (Polo 1), Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.F.C.); (M.B.C.); (N.A.F.); (N.G.); (V.M.M.); (S.F.S.); (V.M.); (R.D.A.); (B.M.); (S.S.)
- Univ Coimbra—University of Coimbra, CIBB, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vera Moura
- CNC—Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine (Polo 1), Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.F.C.); (M.B.C.); (N.A.F.); (N.G.); (V.M.M.); (S.F.S.); (V.M.); (R.D.A.); (B.M.); (S.S.)
- TREAT U, SA—Parque Industrial de Taveiro, Lote 44, 3045-508 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana B. Melo
- iCBR—Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, CIBB, Center of Investigation on Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Univ Coimbra—University of Coimbra, Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Faculty of Medicine, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ramiro D. Almeida
- CNC—Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine (Polo 1), Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.F.C.); (M.B.C.); (N.A.F.); (N.G.); (V.M.M.); (S.F.S.); (V.M.); (R.D.A.); (B.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Bruno Manadas
- CNC—Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine (Polo 1), Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.F.C.); (M.B.C.); (N.A.F.); (N.G.); (V.M.M.); (S.F.S.); (V.M.); (R.D.A.); (B.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Sérgio Simões
- CNC—Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine (Polo 1), Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.F.C.); (M.B.C.); (N.A.F.); (N.G.); (V.M.M.); (S.F.S.); (V.M.); (R.D.A.); (B.M.); (S.S.)
- Univ Coimbra—University of Coimbra, CIBB, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João N. Moreira
- CNC—Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine (Polo 1), Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.F.C.); (M.B.C.); (N.A.F.); (N.G.); (V.M.M.); (S.F.S.); (V.M.); (R.D.A.); (B.M.); (S.S.)
- Univ Coimbra—University of Coimbra, CIBB, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Responsiveness to Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitors in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells Is Highly Dependent on 5'AMP-Activated Kinase Inactivation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126384. [PMID: 34203724 PMCID: PMC8232330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that hedgehog inhibitors (iHHs) only partially block the growth of tumor cells, especially in vivo. Leukemia often expands in a nutrient-depleted environment (bone marrow and thymus). In order to identify putative signaling pathways implicated in the adaptive response to metabolically adverse conditions, we executed quantitative phospho-proteomics in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells subjected to nutrient-depleted conditions (serum starvation). We found important modulations of peptides phosphorylated by critical signaling pathways including casein kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, and 5′AMP-activated kinase (AMPK). Surprisingly, in T-ALL cells, AMPK signaling was the most consistently downregulated pathway under serum-depleted conditions, and this coincided with increased GLI1 expression and sensitivity to iHHs, especially the GLI1/2 inhibitor GANT-61. Increased sensitivity to GANT-61 was also found following genetic inactivation of the catalytic subunit of AMPK (AMPKα1) or pharmacological inhibition of AMPK by Compound C. Additionally, patient-derived xenografts showing high GLI1 expression lacked activated AMPK, suggesting an important role for this signaling pathway in regulating GLI1 protein levels. Further, joint targeting of HH and AMPK signaling pathways in T-ALL cells by GANT-61 and Compound C significantly increased the therapeutic response. Our results suggest that metabolic adaptation that occurs under nutrient starvation in T-ALL cells increases responsiveness to HH pathway inhibitors through an AMPK-dependent mechanism and that joint therapeutic targeting of AMPK signaling and HH signaling could represent a valid therapeutic strategy in rapidly expanding tumors where nutrient availability becomes limiting.
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Gębarowska K, Mroczek A, Kowalczyk JR, Lejman M. MicroRNA as a Prognostic and Diagnostic Marker in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5317. [PMID: 34070107 PMCID: PMC8158355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a biologically and genetically heterogeneous disease with a poor prognosis overall and several subtypes. The neoplastic transformation takes place through the accumulation of numerous genetic and epigenetic abnormalities. There are only a few prognostic factors in comparison to B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia, which is characterized by a lower variability and more homogeneous course. The microarray and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies exploring the coding and non-coding part of the genome allow us to reveal the complexity of the genomic and transcriptomic background of T-ALL. miRNAs are a class of non-coding RNAs that are involved in the regulation of cellular functions: cell proliferations, apoptosis, migrations, and many other processes. No miRNA has become a significant prognostic and diagnostic factor in T-ALL to date; therefore, this topic of investigation is extremely important, and T-ALL is the subject of intensive research among scientists. The altered expression of many genes in T-ALL might also be caused by wide miRNA dysregulation. The following review focuses on summarizing and characterizing the microRNAs of pediatric patients with T-ALL diagnosis and their potential future use as predictive factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gębarowska
- Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anna Mroczek
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.M.); (J.R.K.)
| | - Jerzy R. Kowalczyk
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.M.); (J.R.K.)
| | - Monika Lejman
- Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
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40
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Ge Z, Song C, Ding Y, Tan BH, Desai D, Sharma A, Gowda R, Yue F, Huang S, Spiegelman V, Payne JL, Reeves ME, Iyer S, Dhanyamraju PK, Imamura Y, Bogush D, Bamme Y, Yang Y, Soliman M, Kane S, Dovat E, Schramm J, Hu T, McGrath M, Chroneos ZC, Payne KJ, Gowda C, Dovat S. Dual targeting of MTOR as a novel therapeutic approach for high-risk B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2021; 35:1267-1278. [PMID: 33531656 PMCID: PMC8102195 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Children of Hispanic/Latino ancestry have increased incidence of high-risk B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (HR B-ALL) with poor prognosis. This leukemia is characterized by a single-copy deletion of the IKZF1 (IKAROS) tumor suppressor and increased activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. This identifies mTOR as an attractive therapeutic target in HR B-ALL. Here, we report that IKAROS represses MTOR transcription and IKAROS' ability to repress MTOR in leukemia is impaired by oncogenic CK2 kinase. Treatment with the CK2 inhibitor, CX-4945, enhances IKAROS activity as a repressor of MTOR, resulting in reduced expression of MTOR in HR B-ALL. Thus, we designed a novel therapeutic approach that implements dual targeting of mTOR: direct inhibition of the mTOR protein (with rapamycin), in combination with IKAROS-mediated transcriptional repression of the MTOR gene (using the CK2 inhibitor, CX-4945). Combination treatment with rapamycin and CX-4945 shows synergistic therapeutic effects in vitro and in patient-derived xenografts from Hispanic/Latino children with HR B-ALL. These data suggest that such therapy has the potential to reduce the health disparity in HR B-ALL among Hispanic/Latino children. The dual targeting of oncogene transcription, combined with inhibition of the corresponding oncoprotein provides a paradigm for a novel precision medicine approach for treating hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ge
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
- Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University Nanjing, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunhua Song
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yali Ding
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Bi-Hua Tan
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Dhimant Desai
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Arati Sharma
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Raghavendra Gowda
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Feng Yue
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Suming Huang
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | | | - Jonathon L Payne
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
- Loma Linda University College of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Mark E Reeves
- Loma Linda University College of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Soumya Iyer
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | | | - Yuka Imamura
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Daniel Bogush
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Yevgeniya Bamme
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Yiping Yang
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Mario Soliman
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Shriya Kane
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Elanora Dovat
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Joseph Schramm
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Tommy Hu
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Mary McGrath
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Zissis C Chroneos
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Kimberly J Payne
- Loma Linda University College of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Chandrika Gowda
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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Integrative genomic analysis of pediatric T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma reveals candidates of clinical significance. Blood 2021; 137:2347-2359. [PMID: 33152759 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) is a heterogeneous malignancy of lymphoblasts committed to T-cell lineage. The dismal outcomes (15%-30%) after T-LBL relapse warrant establishing risk-based treatment. To our knowledge, this study presents the first comprehensive, systematic, integrated, genome-wide analysis including relapsed cases that identifies molecular markers of prognostic relevance for T-LBL. NOTCH1 was identified as the putative driver for T-LBL. An activated NOTCH/PI3K-AKT signaling axis and alterations in cell cycle regulators constitute the core oncogenic program for T-LBL. Mutated KMT2D was identified as a prognostic marker. The cumulative incidence of relapse was 47% ± 17% in patients with KMT2D mutations, compared with 14% ± 3% in wild-type KMT2D. Structural analysis of the mutated domains of KMT2D revealed a plausible impact on structure and functional consequences. These findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of T-LBL, including high translational potential. The ongoing LBL 2018 trial (www.clinicaltrials.gov #NCT04043494) allows for prospective validation and subsequent fine tuning of the stratification criteria for T-LBL risk groups to improve survival of pediatric patients.
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Colturato-Kido C, Lopes RM, Medeiros HCD, Costa CA, Prado-Souza LFL, Ferraz LS, Rodrigues T. Inhibition of Autophagy Enhances the Antitumor Effect of Thioridazine in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11040365. [PMID: 33923896 PMCID: PMC8073363 DOI: 10.3390/life11040365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is an aggressive malignant disorder of lymphoid progenitor cells that affects children and adults. Despite the high cure rates, drug resistance still remains a significant clinical problem, which stimulates the development of new therapeutic strategies and drugs to improve the disease outcome. Antipsychotic phenothiazines have emerged as potential candidates to be repositioned as antitumor drugs. It was previously shown that the anti-histaminic phenothiazine derivative promethazine induced autophagy-associated cell death in chronic myeloid leukemia cells, although autophagy can act as a "double-edged sword" contributing to cell survival or cell death. Here we evaluated the role of autophagy in thioridazine (TR)-induced cell death in the human ALL model. TR induced apoptosis in ALL Jurkat cells and it was not cytotoxic to normal peripheral mononuclear blood cells. TR promoted the activation of caspase-8 and -3, which was associated with increased NOXA/MCL-1 ratio and autophagy triggering. AMPK/PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK/ERK pathways are involved in TR-induced cell death. The inhibition of the autophagic process enhanced the cytotoxicity of TR in Jurkat cells, highlighting autophagy as a targetable process for drug development purposes in ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Colturato-Kido
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André 09210-580, São Paulo, Brazil; (C.C.-K.); (R.M.L.); (H.C.D.M.); (L.F.L.P.-S.); (L.S.F.)
| | - Rayssa M. Lopes
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André 09210-580, São Paulo, Brazil; (C.C.-K.); (R.M.L.); (H.C.D.M.); (L.F.L.P.-S.); (L.S.F.)
| | - Hyllana C. D. Medeiros
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André 09210-580, São Paulo, Brazil; (C.C.-K.); (R.M.L.); (H.C.D.M.); (L.F.L.P.-S.); (L.S.F.)
| | - Claudia A. Costa
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica (CIIB), Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Mogi das Cruzes 08780-911, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Laura F. L. Prado-Souza
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André 09210-580, São Paulo, Brazil; (C.C.-K.); (R.M.L.); (H.C.D.M.); (L.F.L.P.-S.); (L.S.F.)
| | - Letícia S. Ferraz
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André 09210-580, São Paulo, Brazil; (C.C.-K.); (R.M.L.); (H.C.D.M.); (L.F.L.P.-S.); (L.S.F.)
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André 09210-580, São Paulo, Brazil; (C.C.-K.); (R.M.L.); (H.C.D.M.); (L.F.L.P.-S.); (L.S.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(11)-4996-8371
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Olivas-Aguirre M, Torres-López L, Pottosin I, Dobrovinskaya O. Overcoming Glucocorticoid Resistance in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Repurposed Drugs Can Improve the Protocol. Front Oncol 2021; 11:617937. [PMID: 33777761 PMCID: PMC7991804 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.617937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are a central component of multi-drug treatment protocols against T and B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which are used intensively during the remission induction to rapidly eliminate the leukemic blasts. The primary response to GCs predicts the overall response to treatment and clinical outcome. In this review, we have critically analyzed the available data on the effects of GCs on sensitive and resistant leukemic cells, in order to reveal the mechanisms of GC resistance and how these mechanisms may determine a poor outcome in ALL. Apart of the GC resistance, associated with a decreased expression of receptors to GCs, there are several additional mechanisms, triggered by alterations of different signaling pathways, which cause the metabolic reprogramming, with an enhanced level of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, apoptosis resistance, and multidrug resistance. Due to all this, the GC-resistant ALL show a poor sensitivity to conventional chemotherapeutic protocols. We propose pharmacological strategies that can trigger alternative intracellular pathways to revert or overcome GC resistance. Specifically, we focused our search on drugs, which are already approved for treatment of other diseases and demonstrated anti-ALL effects in experimental pre-clinical models. Among them are some “truly” re-purposed drugs, which have different targets in ALL as compared to other diseases: cannabidiol, which targets mitochondria and causes the mitochondrial permeability transition-driven necrosis, tamoxifen, which induces autophagy and cell death, and reverts GC resistance through the mechanisms independent of nuclear estrogen receptors (“off-target effects”), antibiotic tigecycline, which inhibits mitochondrial respiration, causing energy crisis and cell death, and some anthelmintic drugs. Additionally, we have listed compounds that show a classical mechanism of action in ALL but are not used still in treatment protocols: the BH3 mimetic venetoclax, which inhibits the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, the hypomethylating agent 5-azacytidine, which restores the expression of the pro-apoptotic BIM, and compounds targeting the PI3K-Akt-mTOR axis. Accordingly, these drugs may be considered for the inclusion into chemotherapeutic protocols for GC-resistant ALL treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Olivas-Aguirre
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Liliana Torres-López
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Igor Pottosin
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Oxana Dobrovinskaya
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
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Tian M, Wang J, Liu S, Li X, Li J, Yang J, Zhang C, Zhang W. Hepatic HuR protects against the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by targeting PTEN. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:236. [PMID: 33664225 PMCID: PMC7933173 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03514-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The liver plays an important role in lipid and glucose metabolism. Here, we show the role of human antigen R (HuR), an RNA regulator protein, in hepatocyte steatosis and glucose metabolism. We investigated the level of HuR in the liver of mice fed a normal chow diet (NCD) and a high-fat diet (HFD). HuR was downregulated in the livers of HFD-fed mice. Liver-specific HuR knockout (HuRLKO) mice showed exacerbated HFD-induced hepatic steatosis along with enhanced glucose tolerance as compared with control mice. Mechanistically, HuR could bind to the adenylate uridylate-rich elements of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on the chromosome 10 (PTEN) mRNA 3' untranslated region, resulting in the increased stability of Pten mRNA; genetic knockdown of HuR decreased the expression of PTEN. Finally, lentiviral overexpression of PTEN alleviated the development of hepatic steatosis in HuRLKO mice in vivo. Overall, HuR regulates lipid and glucose metabolism by targeting PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Shandong First Medical University, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Shangming Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingyuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wencheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Shandong First Medical University, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, China.
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Rosales M, Rodríguez-Ulloa A, Besada V, Ramón AC, Pérez GV, Ramos Y, Guirola O, González LJ, Zettl K, Wiśniewski JR, Perera Y, Perea SE. Phosphoproteomic Landscape of AML Cells Treated with the ATP-Competitive CK2 Inhibitor CX-4945. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020338. [PMID: 33562780 PMCID: PMC7915770 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein kinase 2 (CK2) regulates a plethora of proteins with pivotal roles in solid and hematological neoplasia. Particularly, in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) CK2 has been pointed as an attractive therapeutic target and prognostic marker. Here, we explored the impact of CK2 inhibition over the phosphoproteome of two cell lines representing major AML subtypes. Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis was conducted to evaluate changes in phosphorylation levels after incubation with the ATP-competitive CK2 inhibitor CX-4945. Functional enrichment, network analysis, and database mining were performed to identify biological processes, signaling pathways, and CK2 substrates that are responsive to CX-4945. A total of 273 and 1310 phosphopeptides were found differentially modulated in HL-60 and OCI-AML3 cells, respectively. Despite regulated phosphopeptides belong to proteins involved in multiple biological processes and signaling pathways, most of these perturbations can be explain by direct CK2 inhibition rather than off-target effects. Furthermore, CK2 substrates regulated by CX-4945 are mainly related to mRNA processing, translation, DNA repair, and cell cycle. Overall, we evidenced that CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 impinge on mediators of signaling pathways and biological processes essential for primary AML cells survival and chemosensitivity, reinforcing the rationale behind the pharmacologic blockade of protein kinase CK2 for AML targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Rosales
- Department of Animal and Human Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana (UH), Havana 10400, Cuba;
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.C.R.); (G.V.P.)
| | - Arielis Rodríguez-Ulloa
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Proteomics Group, Department of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Division, CIGB, Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.R.-U.); (V.B.); (Y.R.); (L.J.G.)
| | - Vladimir Besada
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Proteomics Group, Department of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Division, CIGB, Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.R.-U.); (V.B.); (Y.R.); (L.J.G.)
| | - Ailyn C. Ramón
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.C.R.); (G.V.P.)
| | - George V. Pérez
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.C.R.); (G.V.P.)
| | - Yassel Ramos
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Proteomics Group, Department of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Division, CIGB, Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.R.-U.); (V.B.); (Y.R.); (L.J.G.)
| | - Osmany Guirola
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Division, CIGB, Havana 10600, Cuba;
| | - Luis J. González
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Proteomics Group, Department of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Division, CIGB, Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.R.-U.); (V.B.); (Y.R.); (L.J.G.)
| | - Katharina Zettl
- Biochemical Proteomics Group, Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Munich, Germany; (K.Z.); (J.R.W.)
| | - Jacek R. Wiśniewski
- Biochemical Proteomics Group, Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Munich, Germany; (K.Z.); (J.R.W.)
| | - Yasser Perera
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.C.R.); (G.V.P.)
- China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Yongzhou Zhong Gu Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou 425000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (S.E.P.)
| | - Silvio E. Perea
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.C.R.); (G.V.P.)
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (S.E.P.)
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Abstract
Akt kinases translate various external cues into intracellular signals that control cell survival, proliferation, metabolism and differentiation. This review discusses the requirement for Akt and its targets in determining the fate and function of T cells. We discuss the importance of Akt at various stages of T cell development including β-selection during which Akt fulfills the energy requirements of highly proliferative DN3 cells. Akt also plays an integral role in CD8 T cell biology where its regulation of Foxo transcription factors and mTORC1 metabolic activity controls effector versus memory CD8 T cell differentiation. Finally, Akt promotes the differentiation of naïve CD4 T cells into Th1, Th17 and Tfh cells but inhibits the development of Treg cells. We also highlight how modulating Akt in T cells is a promising avenue for enhancing cell-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Rodrigues GOL, Cramer SD, Winer HY, Hixon JA, Li W, Yunes JA, Durum SK. Mutations that collaborate with IL-7Ra signaling pathways to drive ALL. Adv Biol Regul 2021; 80:100788. [PMID: 33578108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2021.100788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The IL-7 pathway is required for normal T cell development and survival. In recent years the pathway has been shown to be a major driver of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most common cancer in children. Gain-of-function mutations in the alpha chain of the IL-7 receptor found in ALL patients clearly demonstrated that this pathway was a driver. However mutant IL-7R alone was insufficient to transform primary T cell progenitors, indicating that cooperating mutations were required. Here we review evidence for additional oncogenic mutations in the IL-7 pathway. We discuss several oncogenes, loss of tumor suppressor genes and epigenetic effects that can cooperate with mutant IL-7 receptor. These include NRas, HOXA, TLX3, Notch 1, Arf, PHF6, WT1, PRC, PTPN2 and CK2. As new therapeutics targeting the IL-7 pathway are developed, combination with agents directed to cooperating pathways offer hope for novel therapies for ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele O L Rodrigues
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD, USA; Molecular Biology Laboratory, Boldrini Children's Center, Campinas, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sarah D Cramer
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD, USA; Comparative Biomedical Scientist Training Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Hila Y Winer
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Julie A Hixon
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD, USA
| | - WenQing Li
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD, USA
| | - José Andres Yunes
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Scott K Durum
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD, USA.
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Zhou J, Zhao H, Zhang L, Li Q, Huang Z, Zhao Z, Ke H, Xiao Y, Su X, Liu Q, Yang S, Zhao L. MiRNA-seq analysis of spleen and head kidney tissue from aquacultured largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in response to Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Funct Integr Genomics 2021; 21:101-111. [PMID: 33442859 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-020-00763-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the same fish diseases, which have been found in pond farming, have been found in the newly tested largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) system. Bacterial septicemia caused by Aeromonas hydrophila occurs frequently in largemouth bass culture leading to significant economic losses. To investigate the role miRNA in the largemouth bass disease resistance, twelve (2 tissues (spleen and head kidney) × 2 experimental groups (infected and control) × three biological replicates) small RNA libraries were constructed and sequenced with miRNA-seq. A total of 26 differentially expressed miRNAs, 8 upregulated and 18 downregulated, were identified in the spleen, and 19 differentially expressed miRNAs, 9 upregulated and 10 downregulated, were identified in head kidney (fold change ≥ 2 or ≤ 0.5 and P ≤ 0.05). The differentially expressed miRNAs with the largest fold change were selected for target gene prediction using GO and KEGG analysis. Six miRNAs in the spleen and 5 miRNAs in the head kidney were selected. Analysis showed that, of all the immune and metabolic pathways, the FoxO signaling pathway was enriched in both the spleen and head kidney groups. Common target genes of the pathway included AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1 (prkaa1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pik3r3b), serine/threonine-protein kinase (plk2), and forkhead box protein G1 (foxg1a). MiRNAs (such as miR-126-5P, miR-126-3P) are involved in immune response and cell cycle functions as they regulate targeted genes in the FoxO pathway. These results will enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying immune responses to bacterial septicemia and facilitate molecular-assisted selection of resistant strains of largemouth bass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhipeng Huang
- Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhongmeng Zhao
- Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongyu Ke
- Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Xutao Su
- Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Song Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Liulan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Morishita K, Nakahata S, Ichikawa T. Pathophysiological significance of N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 in cancer development through protein phosphatase 2A phosphorylation regulation. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:22-30. [PMID: 33128318 PMCID: PMC7780046 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is a candidate tumor suppressor in various cancers, including adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). NDRG2, as a stress-responsive protein, is induced by several stress-related signaling pathways and NDRG2 negatively regulates various signal transduction pathways. Although it has not been found to function alone, NDRG2 binds serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), generating a complex that is involved in the regulation of various target proteins. The main function of NDRG2 is to maintain cell homeostasis by suppressing stress-induced signal transduction; however, in cancer, genomic deletions and/or promoter methylation may inhibit the expression of NDRG2, resulting in enhanced tumor development through overactivated signal transduction pathways. A wide variety of tumors develop in Ndrg2-deficient mice, including T-cell lymphoma, liver, lung and other tumors, the characteristics of which are similar to those in Pten-deficient mice. In particular, PTEN is a target molecule of the NDRG2/PP2A complex, which enhances PTEN phosphatase activity by dephosphorylating residues in the PTEN C-terminal region. In ATLL cells, loss of NDRG2 expression leads to the failed recruitment of PP2A to PTEN, resulting in the inactivation of PTEN phosphatase with phosphorylation, ultimately leading to the activation of PI3K/AKT. Thus, NDRG2, as a PP2A adaptor, regulates the global phosphorylation of important signaling molecules. Moreover, the downregulation of NDRG2 expression by long-term stress-induced methylation is directly correlated with the development of ATLL and other cancers. Thus, NDRG2 might be important for the development of stress-induced leukemia and other cancers and has become an important target for novel molecular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shingo Nakahata
- Medical SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MiyazakiMiyazakiJapan
| | - Tomonaga Ichikawa
- Medical SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MiyazakiMiyazakiJapan
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Ramalingam V, Rajaram R. A paradoxical role of reactive oxygen species in cancer signaling pathway: Physiology and pathology. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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