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Hassanabad AF, Zarzycki AN, Patel VB, Fedak PWM. Current Concepts in the Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Fibrosis. Cardiovasc Pathol 2024:107673. [PMID: 38996851 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a significant driver of congestive heart failure, a syndrome that continues to affect a growing patient population globally. Cardiac fibrosis results from a constellation of complex processes at the transcription, receptor, and signaling axes levels. Various mediators and signaling cascades, such as the transformation growth factor-beta pathway, have been implicated in the pathophysiology of cardiac tissue fibrosis. Our understanding of these markers and pathways has improved in recent years as more advanced technologies and assays have been developed, allowing for better delineation of the crosstalk between specific factors. There is mounting evidence suggesting that epigenetic modulation plays a pivotal role in the progression of cardiac fibrosis. Transcriptional regulation of key pro- and anti-fibrotic pathways can accentuate or blunt the rate and extent of fibrosis at the tissue level. Exosomes, micro-RNAs, and long non-coding RNAs all belong to factors that can impact the epigenetic signature in cardiac fibrosis. Herein, we comprehensively review the latest literature about exosomes, their contents, and cardiac fibrosis. In doing so, we highlight the specific transcriptional factors with pro- or anti-fibrotic properties. We also assimilate the data supporting these mediators' potential utility as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. Finally, we offer insight into where further work can be done to fill existing gaps to translate pre-clinical findings better and improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fatehi Hassanabad
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Science, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Anna N Zarzycki
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Science, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Vaibhav B Patel
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paul W M Fedak
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Science, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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2
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Song X, Liu F, Chen M, Zhu M, Zheng H, Wang W, Chen D, Li M, Chen S. MiR-21 regulates skeletal muscle atrophy and fibrosis by targeting TGF-beta/SMAD7-SMAD2/3 signaling pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33062. [PMID: 39027432 PMCID: PMC11254527 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-term denervation-induced atrophy and fibrosis of skeletal muscle due to denervation leads to poor recovery of muscle function. Studies have shown that the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-Smad signaling pathway plays a central role in muscle atrophy and fibrosis. Recent studies demonstrate the role of microRNAs (miRs) in various pathological conditions, including muscle regeneration. miR-21 has been shown to play a dynamic role in inflammatory responses and in accelerating injury responses to fibrosis. We used both RNA sequencing and quantitative RT-PCR strategies to examine the alternations of miRNAs during denervation-induced gastrocnemius muscle atrophy and fibrosis. Our data showed that MiR-21 was upregulated in denervated gastrocnemius muscle tissue, and TGF-β1treatment increased miR-21 expression. Inhibition of miR-21 reduced gastrocnemius muscle fibrosis and significantly downregulated the expression of p-SMAD2/3 and the fibrosis-associated markers TGF-β1, connective tissue growth factor, alpha smooth muscle actin. Masson's trichrome staining revealed that atrophy and fibrosis in gastrocnemius muscle tissue were reduced in the miR-21 inhibition group compared to the control group. We confirmed that SMAD7 is a direct target of miR-21 using a dual luciferase assay. Furthermore, Immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses revealed that miR-21 inhibition reduced SMAD2/3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. While SMAD7-siRNA abolished the effect. Consequently, the discovery that miR-21 regulates the atrophy and fibrosis of the gastrocnemius muscle offers a possible therapeutic approach for their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianmin Song
- From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University (The Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fei Liu
- From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University (The Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Mengjie Chen
- From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University (The Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Minhui Zhu
- From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University (The Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hongliang Zheng
- From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University (The Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wei Wang
- From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University (The Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Donghui Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliate Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Li
- From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University (The Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shicai Chen
- From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University (The Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
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Ranjan P, Dutta RK, Colin K, Li J, Zhang Q, Lal H, Qin G, Verma SK. Bone marrow-fibroblast progenitor cell-derived small extracellular vesicles promote cardiac fibrosis via miR-21-5p and integrin subunit αV signalling. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 3:e152. [PMID: 38947170 PMCID: PMC11212340 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is the hallmark of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is leading cause of death worldwide. Previously, we have shown that interleukin-10 (IL10) reduces pressure overload (PO)-induced cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting the recruitment of bone marrow fibroblast progenitor cells (FPCs) to the heart. However, the precise mechanism of FPC involvement in cardiac fibrosis remains unclear. Recently, exosomes and small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have been linked to CVD progression. Thus, we hypothesized that pro-fibrotic miRNAs enriched in sEV-derived from IL10 KO FPCs promote cardiac fibrosis in pressure-overloaded myocardium. Small EVs were isolated from FPCs cultured media and characterized as per MISEV-2018 guidelines. Small EV's miRNA profiling was performed using Qiagen fibrosis-associated miRNA profiler kit. For functional analysis, sEVs were injected in the heart following TAC surgery. Interestingly, TGFβ-treated IL10-KO-FPCs sEV increased profibrotic genes expression in cardiac fibroblasts. The exosomal miRNA profiling identified miR-21a-5p as the key player, and its inhibition with antagomir prevented profibrotic signalling and fibrosis. At mechanistic level, miR-21a-5p binds and stabilizes ITGAV (integrin av) mRNA. Finally, miR-21a-5p-silenced in sEV reduced PO-induced cardiac fibrosis and improved cardiac function. Our study elucidates the mechanism by which inflammatory FPC-derived sEV exacerbate cardiac fibrosis through the miR-21a-5p/ITGAV/Col1α signalling pathway, suggesting miR-21a-5p as a potential therapeutic target for treating hypertrophic cardiac remodelling and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Ranjan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular DiseaseThe University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Roshan Kumar Dutta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular DiseaseThe University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Karen Colin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular DiseaseThe University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
- UAB School of Health ProfessionsThe University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular DiseaseThe University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Qinkun Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular DiseaseThe University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Hind Lal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular DiseaseThe University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Gangjian Qin
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Suresh Kumar Verma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular DiseaseThe University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
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Liu X, Li H, Hastings MH, Xiao C, Damilano F, Platt C, Lerchenmüller C, Zhu H, Wei XP, Yeri A, Most P, Rosenzweig A. miR-222 inhibits pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:262-272. [PMID: 38084908 PMCID: PMC10939454 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Physiological cardiac hypertrophy occurs in response to exercise and can protect against pathological stress. In contrast, pathological hypertrophy occurs in disease and often precedes heart failure. The cardiac pathways activated in physiological and pathological hypertrophy are largely distinct. Our prior work demonstrated that miR-222 increases in exercised hearts and is required for exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy and cardiomyogenesis. Here, we sought to define the role of miR-222 in pathological hypertrophy. METHODS AND RESULTS We found that miR-222 also increased in pathological hypertrophy induced by pressure overload. To assess its functional significance in this setting, we generated a miR-222 gain-of-function model through cardiac-specific constitutive transgenic miR-222 expression (TgC-miR-222) and used locked nucleic acid anti-miR specific for miR-222 to inhibit its effects. Both gain- and loss-of-function models manifested normal cardiac structure and function at baseline. However, after transverse aortic constriction (TAC), miR-222 inhibition accelerated the development of pathological hypertrophy, cardiac dysfunction, and heart failure. Conversely, miR-222-overexpressing mice had less pathological hypertrophy after TAC, as well as better cardiac function and survival. We identified p53-up-regulated modulator of apoptosis, a pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member, and the transcription factors, Hmbox1 and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 3, as direct miR-222 targets contributing to its roles in this context. CONCLUSION While miR-222 is necessary for physiological cardiac growth, it inhibits cardiac growth in response to pressure overload and reduces adverse remodelling and cardiac dysfunction. These findings support the model that physiological and pathological hypertrophy are fundamentally different. Further, they suggest that miR-222 may hold promise as a therapeutic target in pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Liu
- Corrigan-Minehan Heart Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Haobo Li
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Margaret H Hastings
- Institute for Heart and Brain Health, University of Michigan Medical Center, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd, NCRC Building 25, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2800, USA
| | - Chunyang Xiao
- Corrigan-Minehan Heart Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Federico Damilano
- Corrigan-Minehan Heart Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Colin Platt
- Corrigan-Minehan Heart Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Carolin Lerchenmüller
- Corrigan-Minehan Heart Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Pulmonology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Heart and Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Heidelberg/Mannheim, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Han Zhu
- Corrigan-Minehan Heart Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xin Paul Wei
- Corrigan-Minehan Heart Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ashish Yeri
- Corrigan-Minehan Heart Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Patrick Most
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Pulmonology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anthony Rosenzweig
- Institute for Heart and Brain Health, University of Michigan Medical Center, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd, NCRC Building 25, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2800, USA
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Khalaji A, Mehrtabar S, Jabraeilipour A, Doustar N, Rahmani Youshanlouei H, Tahavvori A, Fattahi P, Alavi SMA, Taha SR, Fazlollahpour-Naghibi A, Shariat Zadeh M. Inhibitory effect of microRNA-21 on pathways and mechanisms involved in cardiac fibrosis development. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 18:17539447241253134. [PMID: 38819836 PMCID: PMC11143841 DOI: 10.1177/17539447241253134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a pivotal cardiovascular disease (CVD) process and represents a notable health concern worldwide. While the complex mechanisms underlying CVD have been widely investigated, recent research has highlighted microRNA-21's (miR-21) role in cardiac fibrosis pathogenesis. In this narrative review, we explore the molecular interactions, focusing on the role of miR-21 in contributing to cardiac fibrosis. Various signaling pathways, such as the RAAS, TGF-β, IL-6, IL-1, ERK, PI3K-Akt, and PTEN pathways, besides dysregulation in fibroblast activity, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and tissue inhibitors of MMPs cause cardiac fibrosis. Besides, miR-21 in growth factor secretion, apoptosis, and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition play crucial roles. miR-21 capacity regulatory function presents promising insights for cardiac fibrosis. Moreover, this review discusses numerous approaches to control miR-21 expression, including antisense oligonucleotides, anti-miR-21 compounds, and Notch signaling modulation, all novel methods of cardiac fibrosis inhibition. In summary, this narrative review aims to assess the molecular mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis and its essential miR-21 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Khalaji
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166/15731, Iran
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saba Mehrtabar
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Nadia Doustar
- Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Amir Tahavvori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Payam Fattahi
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Reza Taha
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andarz Fazlollahpour-Naghibi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Zalivina I, Barwari T, Yin X, Langley SR, Barallobre-Barreiro J, Wakimoto H, Zampetaki A, Mayr M, Avkiran M, Eminaga S. Inhibition of miR-199a-3p in a murine hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) model attenuates fibrotic remodeling. JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR CARDIOLOGY PLUS 2023; 6:100056. [PMID: 38143961 PMCID: PMC10739604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmccpl.2023.100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder, characterized by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, cardiomyocyte disarray and fibrosis, which has a prevalence of ∼1: 200-500 and predisposes individuals to heart failure and sudden death. The mechanisms through which diverse HCM-causing mutations cause cardiac dysfunction remain mostly unknown and their identification may reveal new therapeutic avenues. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators of gene expression and disease phenotype in various pathologies. We explored whether miRNAs could play a role in HCM pathogenesis and offer potential therapeutic targets. Methods and results Using high-throughput miRNA expression profiling and qPCR analysis in two distinct mouse models of HCM, we found that miR-199a-3p expression levels are upregulated in mutant mice compared to age- and treatment-matched wild-type mice. We also found that miR-199a-3p expression is enriched in cardiac non-myocytes compared to cardiomyocytes. When we expressed miR-199a-3p mimic in cultured murine primary cardiac fibroblasts and analyzed the conditioned media by proteomics, we found that several extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (e.g., TSP2, FBLN3, COL11A1, LYOX) were differentially secreted (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD042904). We confirmed our proteomics findings by qPCR analysis of selected mRNAs and demonstrated that miR-199a-3p mimic expression in cardiac fibroblasts drives upregulation of ECM gene expression, including Tsp2, Fbln3, Pcoc1, Col1a1 and Col3a1. To examine the role of miR-199a-3p in vivo, we inhibited its function using lock-nucleic acid (LNA)-based inhibitors (antimiR-199a-3p) in an HCM mouse model. Our results revealed that progression of cardiac fibrosis is attenuated when miR-199a-3p function is inhibited in mild-to-moderate HCM. Finally, guided by computational target prediction algorithms, we identified mRNAs Cd151 and Itga3 as direct targets of miR-199a-3p and have shown that miR-199a-3p mimic expression negatively regulates AKT activation in cardiac fibroblasts. Conclusions Altogether, our results suggest that miR-199a-3p may contribute to cardiac fibrosis in HCM through its actions in cardiac fibroblasts. Thus, inhibition of miR-199a-3p in mild-to-moderate HCM may offer therapeutic benefit in combination with complementary approaches that target the primary defect in cardiac myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Zalivina
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Temo Barwari
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaoke Yin
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah R. Langley
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | | | - Hiroko Wakimoto
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anna Zampetaki
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Metin Avkiran
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Seda Eminaga
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
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Khan SU, Saeed S, Sheikh AN, Arbi FM, Shahzad A, Faryal U, Lu K. Crafting a Blueprint for MicroRNA in Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs). Curr Probl Cardiol 2023; 48:102010. [PMID: 37544621 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) encompass a range of disorders, from congenital heart malformation, cardiac valve, peripheral artery, coronary artery, cardiac muscle diseases, and arrhythmias, ultimately leading to heart failure. Despite therapeutic advancements, CVDs remain the primary cause of global mortality, highlighting the need for a thorough knowledge of CVDs at the level of molecular structure. Gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression variations significantly influence cellular pathways, impacting an organism's physiology. MiRNAs, in particular, serve as regulators of gene expression, playing critical roles in essential cellular pathways and influencing the development of various diseases, including CVD. A wealth of evidence supports the involvement of miRNAs in CVD progression. These findings highlight the potential of miRNAs as valuable diagnostic biomarkers and open new avenues for their therapeutic application in CVDs. This study focuses on the latest advancements in identifying and characterizing microRNAs, exploring their manipulation and clinical application, and discussing future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Ullah Khan
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China; Women Medical and Dental College, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, KPK, 22020, Pakistan
| | - Sumbul Saeed
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Ayesha Nazir Sheikh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Mueen Arbi
- Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, Punjab, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Ali Shahzad
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Uzma Faryal
- Women Medical and Dental College, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, KPK, 22020, Pakistan
| | - Kun Lu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Maries L, Moatar AI, Sala-Cirtog M, Sima L, Anghel A, Marian C, Chis AR, Sirbu IO. Clinical Variables Influence the Ability of miR-101, miR-150, and miR-21 to Predict Ventricular Remodeling after ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2738. [PMID: 37893111 PMCID: PMC10604279 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Left ventricle remodeling (LVR) after acute myocardial infarction (MI) leads to impairment of both systolic and diastolic function, a significant contributor to heart failure (HF). Despite extensive research in the field, predicting post-MI LVR and HF is still a challenge. Several circulant microRNAs have been proposed as LVR predictors; however, their clinical value is controversial. Here, we used real-time quantitative PCR to quantify the plasma levels of hsa-miR-101, hsa-miR-150, and hsa-miR-21 on the first day of hospital admission of MI patients with ST-elevation (STEMI). We analyzed their correlation to the patient's clinical and paraclinical variables and evaluated their ability to discriminate between post-MI LVR and non-LVR. We show that, despite being excellent MI discriminators, none of these microRNAs can distinguish between LVR and non-LVR patients. Furthermore, we found that diabetes mellitus (DM), Hb level, and the number of erythrocytes significantly influence all three plasma microRNA levels. This suggests that plasma microRNAs' diagnostic and prognostic value in STEMI patients should be reevaluated and interpreted in the context of associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Maries
- Biochemistry Department, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.M.); (A.I.M.); (M.S.-C.); (A.A.); (C.M.); (I.-O.S.)
- Doctoral School, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra Ioana Moatar
- Biochemistry Department, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.M.); (A.I.M.); (M.S.-C.); (A.A.); (C.M.); (I.-O.S.)
- Doctoral School, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Complex Network Science, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Maria Sala-Cirtog
- Biochemistry Department, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.M.); (A.I.M.); (M.S.-C.); (A.A.); (C.M.); (I.-O.S.)
- Center for Complex Network Science, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Laurentiu Sima
- Surgical Semiology Department, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Andrei Anghel
- Biochemistry Department, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.M.); (A.I.M.); (M.S.-C.); (A.A.); (C.M.); (I.-O.S.)
| | - Catalin Marian
- Biochemistry Department, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.M.); (A.I.M.); (M.S.-C.); (A.A.); (C.M.); (I.-O.S.)
- Center for Complex Network Science, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Aimee Rodica Chis
- Biochemistry Department, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.M.); (A.I.M.); (M.S.-C.); (A.A.); (C.M.); (I.-O.S.)
- Center for Complex Network Science, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioan-Ovidiu Sirbu
- Biochemistry Department, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.M.); (A.I.M.); (M.S.-C.); (A.A.); (C.M.); (I.-O.S.)
- Center for Complex Network Science, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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9
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Ortega R, Liu B, Persaud SJ. Effects of miR-33 Deficiency on Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases: Implications for Therapeutic Intervention. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10777. [PMID: 37445956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that post-transcriptionally inhibit gene expression. These small molecules are involved in several biological conditions such as inflammation, cell growth and proliferation, and regulation of energy metabolism. In the context of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, miR-33 is of particular interest as it has been implicated in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. This miRNA is located in introns harboured in the genes encoding sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1 and SREBP-2, which are key transcription factors involved in lipid biosynthesis and cholesterol efflux. This review outlines the role of miR-33 in a range of metabolic and cardiovascular pathologies, such as dyslipidaemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), and it provides discussion about the effectiveness of miR-33 deficiency as a possible therapeutic strategy to prevent the development of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Ortega
- Department of Diabetes, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Diabetes, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Shanta J Persaud
- Department of Diabetes, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
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10
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Holland A, Enrick M, Diaz A, Yin L. Is miR-21 A Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Disease? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DISCOVERY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 2:26-36. [PMID: 37799562 PMCID: PMC10552863 DOI: 10.53941/ijddp.0201003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
microRNA-21 (miR-21) serves a multitude of functions at the molecular level through its regulation of messenger RNA. Previous research has sparked interest in the role of miR-21 as a potential therapeutic target in cardiovascular diseases. miR-21 expression contributes to the differentiation, proliferation, and maturation of many cell types, such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, and endothelial progenitor cells. The function of miR-21 depends upon its expression level in the specific cell types and downstream targets, which determine cell fate. Under pathological conditions, the expression level of miR-21 is altered, leading to abnormal gene regulation of downstream signaling and cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, atherosclerosis, and heart failure. Agomirs or antagomirs can be introduced into the respective tissue type to reverse or stop the progression of the disease. Exosomes in the extracellular vesicles, which mediate many cellular events with high biocompatibility, have a high potential of efficiently delivering miR-21 to their targeted cells. The critical role of miR-21 in cardiovascular disease (CVD) is indisputable, but there are controversial reports on the function of miR-21 in the same disease. This discrepancy sparks interest in better understanding the role of miR-21 in different tissues under different stages of various diseases and the mechanism of how miR-21 inhibitors work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoinette Holland
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Ohio 44272, USA
| | - Molly Enrick
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Ohio 44272, USA
| | - Arianna Diaz
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Ohio 44272, USA
| | - Liya Yin
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Ohio 44272, USA
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11
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MicroRNA-21-5p promotes mucosal type 2 inflammation via regulating GLP1R/IL-33 signaling in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:1460-1475. [PMID: 35835254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been known that chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a type 2 inflammation-dominated disease; however, the reasons causing such type of mucosal inflammation in CRSwNP are not well elucidated. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the role of microRNA-21-5p (miR-21-5p) in regulating mucosal type 2 inflammation in CRSwNP. METHODS miR-21-5p expression was detected in nasal mucosa of patients with CRSwNP. Correlations between miR-21-5p and indicators of type 2 inflammation were further analyzed. miR-21 knockout mice were used to explore the role of miR-21-5p in a murine model of eosinophilic (E) CRSwNP. Target gene of miR-21-5p related to type 2 inflammation in CRSwNP was identified. RESULTS The upregulated miR-21-5p in the nasal mucosa of patients with CRSwNP, compared with control subjects, was expressed higher in patients with ECRSwNP than in patients with nonECRSwNP. miR-21-5p expression was positively correlated with mucosal eosinophil infiltrations and the expression of type 2 inflammatory cytokines. In the CRSwNP mice, miR-21 knockout significantly attenuated type 2 inflammation, as indicated by eosinophil infiltrations and expression of cytokines/chemokines in nasal mucosa and lavage fluid; moreover, genes associated with type 2 inflammation were extensively downregulated at the transcriptome level in miR-21 knockout mice. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor, which was negatively correlated with miR-21-5p expression in human nasal mucosa, was identified as the target of miR-21-5p. Overexpression of miR-21-5p induced IL-33 expression, whereas glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist decreased IL-33 production in airway epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS miR-21-5p aggravates type 2 inflammation in the nasal mucosa of patients with CRSwNP via targeting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor/IL-33 signaling, which may be a potential therapeutic target for CRSwNP.
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12
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Preethi KA, Selvakumar SC, Ross K, Sekar D. Therapeutic aspect of microRNA inhibition in various types of hypertension and hypertensive complications. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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13
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Larrue R, Fellah S, Van der Hauwaert C, Hennino MF, Perrais M, Lionet A, Glowacki F, Pottier N, Cauffiez C. The Versatile Role of miR-21 in Renal Homeostasis and Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213525. [PMID: 36359921 PMCID: PMC9657972 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA species that control gene expression and confer robustness to biological processes. Over the last two decades, their important roles during kidney development, homeostasis and the treatment of diseases have been established, in particular during the onset and progression of various forms of acute and chronic renal disorders. In recent years, miR-21, one of the best-characterized miRNAs to date, has received much attention in renal physiology in particular given its high degree of conservation and expression in kidneys, as well as its potent pathogenic role in various debilitating renal diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge on miR-21’s involvement in both renal homeostasis and diseases, in particular its double-edged-sword role in acute versus chronic kidney injuries. Finally, we also discuss the potential of miR-21 as a biomarker and therapeutic target in renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Larrue
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sandy Fellah
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Cynthia Van der Hauwaert
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Département de la Recherche en Santé, F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Michaël Perrais
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Arnaud Lionet
- CHU Lille, Service de Néphrologie, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - François Glowacki
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Service de Néphrologie, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Pottier
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christelle Cauffiez
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
- Correspondence:
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14
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Scisciola L, Benedetti R, Chianese U, Fontanella RA, Del Gaudio N, Marfella R, Altucci L, Barbieri M, Paolisso G. The pivotal role of miRNA-21 in myocardial metabolic flexibility in response to short- and long-term high glucose treatment: Evidence in human cardiomyocyte cell line. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 191:110066. [PMID: 36058441 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM miRNA-21 is a crucial regulator of developing cardiac diseases, but its role is still controversial, and therefore it is necessary to clarify, at cardiac level, its involvement in high glucose induced-acute and chronic cardiac damage. METHODS Human ventricular cardiac myoblasts AC16, treated and not with miRNA-21 inhibitor, were exposed to high glucose for 2 and 7 days, and the expression of damage markers were investigated. Further, cardiac energetic metabolism was evaluated by measuring both the expression of glucose transporters and lipids regulators. RESULTS Short-term high glucose treatment induced a significant increase in miRNA-21 expression (p < 0.05) that was associated with an increase in hydrogen ion flux and energy potential dissipation without any change in energy production or increase in genes expression involved in cellular damage. miRNA-21 reduction observed (p < 0.05) at 7 days of high glucose treatment, induced the activation of damage pathways and compromised mitochondrial function (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION In human cardiomyocytes, the abundance of miRNA-21 takes part in first defense mechanism against cardiac insult and its cardioprotective effect depends on time of exposure to injury. Moreover, miRNA-21 regulates mitochondrial respiration and the ability of cells to select the most appropriate substrate for ATP production in given environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Scisciola
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Benedetti
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Ugo Chianese
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Anna Fontanella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzio Del Gaudio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; Biogem Institute of Molecular and Genetic Biology, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Michelangela Barbieri
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Paolisso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy.
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15
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Chang WT, Shih JY, Lin YW, Huang TL, Chen ZC, Chen CL, Chu JS, Liu PY. miR-21 upregulation exacerbates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in aged hearts. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:5925-5945. [PMID: 35907209 PMCID: PMC9365557 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Young and aging hearts undergo different remodeling post pressure overload, but the regulator that determines responses to pressure overload at different ages remains unknown. With an angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertensive model, miR-21 knockout mice (miR-21−/−) were observed regarding the effects of miR-21 on hypertension-induced cardiac remodeling in young (12 week-old) and old (50 week-old) mice. Although the aged heart represented a more significant hypertrophy and was associated with a higher expression of miR-21, Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy was attenuated in miR-21−/− mice. Upon results of cardiac-specific arrays in miR-21-overexpressing cardiomyocytes, we found a significant downregulation of S100a8. In both in vitro and in vivo models, miR-21/S100a8/NF-κB/NFAT pathway was observed to be associated with pressure overload-induced hypertrophic remodeling in aged hearts. To further investigate whether circulating miR-21 could be a biomarker reflecting the aged associated cardiac remodeling, we prospectively collected clinical and echocardiographic information of patients at young (<65 y/o) and old ages (≥65 y/o) with and without hypertension. Among 108 patients, aged subjects presented with a significantly higher expression of circulating miR-21, which was positively correlated with left ventricular wall thickness. Collectively, miR-21 was associated with a prominently hypertrophic response in aged hearts under pressure overload. Further studies should focus on therapeutic potentials of miR-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Yuan Shih
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ling Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Zhih-Cherng Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Long Chen
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Show Chu
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping Yen Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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16
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Abstract
The discovery of microRNAs and their role in diseases was a breakthrough that inspired research into microRNAs as drug targets. Cardiovascular diseases are an area in which limitations of conventional pharmacotherapy are highly apparent and where microRNA-based drugs have appreciably progressed into preclinical and clinical testing. In this Review, we summarize the current state of microRNAs as therapeutic targets in the cardiovascular system. We report recent advances in the identification and characterization of microRNAs, their manipulation and clinical translation, and discuss challenges and perspectives toward clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Laggerbauer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Engelhardt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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17
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Leveraging Extracellular Non-coding RNAs to Diagnose and Treat Heart Diseases. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 15:456-468. [PMID: 35419773 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10252-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, emerge to be crucial mediators of cell-to-cell communication in multiple organs. Non-coding RNAs loaded inside EVs contribute as one major mechanism for remote information transfer among different cell types or organs. Increasing evidence suggests that EV-associated non-coding RNAs derived from cardiovascular or non-cardiac cells regulate cardiovascular pathophysiology in heart development and diseases. The functional relevance of the EV-associated ncRNAs in heart diseases provides an avenue to develop novel diagnostic tools and therapies for heart diseases. In this review, we summarize the recent advancement of EV-associated ncRNAs in different cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure, with an emphasis on the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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18
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Bencun M, Britto-Borges T, Eschenbach J, Dieterich C. New Tricks with Old Dogs: Computational Identification and Experimental Validation of New miRNA–mRNA Regulation in hiPSC-CMs. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020391. [PMID: 35203600 PMCID: PMC8962266 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is still the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have become a valuable widespread in vitro model to study cardiac disease. Herein, we employ the hiPSC-CM model to identify novel miRNA–mRNA interaction partners during cardiac differentiation and β-adrenergic stress. Whole transcriptome and small RNA sequencing data were combined to identify novel miRNA–mRNA interactions. Briefly, mRNA and miRNA expression profiles were integrated with miRNA target predictions to identify significant statistical dependencies between a miRNA and its candidate target set. We show by experimental validation that our approach discriminates true from false miRNA target predictions. Thereby, we identified several differentially expressed miRNAs and focused on the two top candidates: miR-99a-5p in the context of cardiac differentiation and miR-212-3p in the context of β-adrenergic stress. We validated some target mRNA candidates by 3′UTR luciferase assays as well as in transfection experiments in the hiPSC-CM model system. Our data show that iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and computational modeling can be used to uncover new valid miRNA–mRNA interactions beyond current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Bencun
- Section of Bioinformatics and Systems Cardiology, Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.B.); (T.B.-B.); (J.E.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thiago Britto-Borges
- Section of Bioinformatics and Systems Cardiology, Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.B.); (T.B.-B.); (J.E.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jessica Eschenbach
- Section of Bioinformatics and Systems Cardiology, Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.B.); (T.B.-B.); (J.E.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Dieterich
- Section of Bioinformatics and Systems Cardiology, Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.B.); (T.B.-B.); (J.E.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6221-56-36884
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19
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Abstract
Regulatory RNAs like microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) control vascular and immune cells' phenotype and thus play a crucial role in atherosclerosis. Moreover, the mutual interactions between miRNAs and lncRNAs link both types of regulatory RNAs in a functional network that affects lesion formation. In this review, we deduce novel concepts of atherosclerosis from the analysis of the current data on regulatory RNAs' role in endothelial cells (ECs) and macrophages. In contrast to arterial ECs, which adopt a stable phenotype by adaptation to high shear stress, macrophages are highly plastic and quickly change their activation status. At predilection sites of atherosclerosis, such as arterial bifurcations, ECs are exposed to disturbed laminar flow, which generates a dysadaptive stress response mediated by miRNAs. Whereas the highly abundant miR-126-5p promotes regenerative proliferation of dysadapted ECs, miR-103-3p stimulates inflammatory activation and impairs endothelial regeneration by aberrant proliferation and micronuclei formation. In macrophages, miRNAs are essential in regulating energy and lipid metabolism, which affects inflammatory activation and foam cell formation.Moreover, lipopolysaccharide-induced miR-155 and miR-146 shape inflammatory macrophage activation through their oppositional effects on NF-kB. Most lncRNAs are not conserved between species, except a small group of very long lncRNAs, such as MALAT1, which blocks numerous miRNAs by providing non-functional binding sites. In summary, regulatory RNAs' roles are highly context-dependent, and therapeutic approaches that target specific functional interactions of miRNAs appear promising against cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schober
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
| | - Saffiyeh Saboor Maleki
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Maliheh Nazari-Jahantigh
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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20
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Surina S, Fontanella RA, Scisciola L, Marfella R, Paolisso G, Barbieri M. miR-21 in Human Cardiomyopathies. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:767064. [PMID: 34778418 PMCID: PMC8578278 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.767064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
miR-21 is a 22-nucleotide long microRNA that matches target mRNAs in a complementary base pairing fashion and regulates gene expression by repressing or degrading target mRNAs. miR-21 is involved in various cardiomyopathies, including heart failure, dilated cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Expression levels of miR-21 notably change in both heart and circulation and provide cardiac protection after heart injury. In the meantime, miR-21 also tightly links to cardiac dysfunctions such as cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. This review focuses on the miR-21 expression pattern and its functions in diseased-heart and further discusses the feasibility of miR-21 as a biomarker and therapeutic target in cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surina Surina
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Anna Fontanella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Scisciola
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.,Mediterrannea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Paolisso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.,Mediterrannea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| | - Michelangela Barbieri
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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21
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Mir-21 Suppression Promotes Mouse Hepatocarcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194983. [PMID: 34638467 PMCID: PMC8508272 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a frequent cancer of the liver with limited therapeutic options. MicroRNAs are a class of small molecules regulating a wide range of cellular processes that are important for cancer development. Among these microRNAs, miR-21 is strongly upregulated in almost all human cancers including HCC, and is considered as a strong driver of cancer development, suggesting that its pharmacological inhibition might represent a potential therapy. In this study, we show that deletion of miR-21 in genetically engineered mice promotes instead the development of HCC in several mouse models of this liver cancer. We further show that the lack of miR-21 is associated with increases in the expression of oncogenes such as Cdc25a, subtle deregulations of the MAPK, HiPPO, and STAT3 signaling pathways, as well as alterations of the inflammatory/immune anti-tumoral responses in the liver, which overtime contribute to enhanced tumorigenesis and progression toward malignancy. These results call for cautiousness when considering miR-21 inhibition for therapeutic purposes in HCC. Abstract The microRNA 21 (miR-21) is upregulated in almost all known human cancers and is considered a highly potent oncogene and potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In the liver, miR-21 was reported to promote hepatic steatosis and inflammation, but whether miR-21 also drives hepatocarcinogenesis remains poorly investigated in vivo. Here we show using both carcinogen (Diethylnitrosamine, DEN) or genetically (PTEN deficiency)-induced mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), total or hepatocyte-specific genetic deletion of this microRNA fosters HCC development—contrasting the expected oncogenic role of miR-21. Gene and protein expression analyses of mouse liver tissues further indicate that total or hepatocyte-specific miR-21 deficiency is associated with an increased expression of oncogenes such as Cdc25a, subtle deregulations of the MAPK, HiPPO, and STAT3 signaling pathways, as well as alterations of the inflammatory/immune anti-tumoral responses in the liver. Together, our data show that miR-21 deficiency promotes a pro-tumoral microenvironment, which over time fosters HCC development via pleiotropic and complex mechanisms. These results question the current dogma of miR-21 being a potent oncomiR in the liver and call for cautiousness when considering miR-21 inhibition for therapeutic purposes in HCC.
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22
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Li H, Chen Z, Chen W, Li J, Liu Y, Ma H, Shi M, Sun X, Yao X, Li Z, Pawluczyk IZ, Zhang S, Barratt J, Lv J, Wang K, Zhao B. MicroRNA-23b-3p Deletion Induces an IgA Nephropathy-like Disease Associated with Dysregulated Mucosal IgA Synthesis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:2561-2578. [PMID: 34479967 PMCID: PMC8722801 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary GN worldwide. Circulating immune complexes form that are prone to deposition in the mesangium, where they trigger glomerular inflammation. A growing body of evidence suggests that dysregulated expression of microRNAs in IgAN may play a significant role in establishing the disease phenotype. METHODS We generated single miR-23b-3p(miR-23b) knockout mice using CRISPR-Cas9. RESULTS In humans, miR-23b levels are downregulated in kidney biopsies and sera of patients with IgAN, and serum miR-23b levels are negatively correlated with serum IgA1 levels. We show that miR-23b-/- mice develop an IgAN-like phenotype of mesangial IgA and C3 deposition associated with development of albuminuria, hypertension, an elevated serum creatinine, and dysregulated mucosal IgA synthesis. Dysregulation of IgA production is likely mediated by the loss of miR-23b-mediated suppression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase in mucosal B cells. In addition, we show that loss of miR-23b increases the susceptibility of the kidney to progressive fibrosis through loss of regulation of expression of gremlin 2 and IgA accumulation through downregulation of the transferrin receptor. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest an indispensable role for miR-23b in kidney disease, and in particular, IgAN. miR-23b may in the future offer a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Li
- Nephrosis Precision Medicine Innovation Center, University of Beihua School of Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin 132011, Jilin, China
| | - Zhichao Chen
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weitian Chen
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China,Correspondence: Dr. Binghai Zhao, Nephrosis Precision Medicine Innovation Center, University of Beihua School of Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin 132011, 3999 Binjiang Dong Road, Jilin, Jilin 132011, China; or Dr. Kai Wang, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, 766 North Xiang'an Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, China. or
| | - Yunshuang Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hong Qi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China
| | - Hongchuang Ma
- Nephrosis Precision Medicine Innovation Center, University of Beihua School of Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin 132011, Jilin, China,Correspondence: Dr. Binghai Zhao, Nephrosis Precision Medicine Innovation Center, University of Beihua School of Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin 132011, 3999 Binjiang Dong Road, Jilin, Jilin 132011, China; or Dr. Kai Wang, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, 766 North Xiang'an Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, China. or
| | - Mingming Shi
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuelian Sun
- Nephrosis Precision Medicine Innovation Center, University of Beihua School of Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin 132011, Jilin, China
| | - Xiusong Yao
- Nephrology Department of Jinlin Central Hospital, Jinlin 132011, Jilin, China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Nephrosis Precision Medicine Innovation Center, University of Beihua School of Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin 132011, Jilin, China
| | | | - Shuchen Zhang
- Electron Microscopy Center, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jonathan Barratt
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Jicheng Lv
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University (MIRC), Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, China
| | - Binghai Zhao
- Nephrosis Precision Medicine Innovation Center, University of Beihua School of Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin 132011, Jilin, China
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Li H, Li X, Yu S, Hu Y, Xu L, Wang T, Yang X, Sun X, Zhao B. miR-23b Ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by targeting Acyl-CoA thioesterases 4. Exp Cell Res 2021; 407:112787. [PMID: 34450119 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its more advanced stages, Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and Cirrhosis, are the most common liver diseases in the worldwide, especially in developing countries. NAFLD is distinguished by the accumulation of triglycerides within hepatocytes. An increasing body of evidence suggests that hepatic MicroRNAs play an important role in NAFLD by controlling lipid metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis. However, the precise causative functions of miRNA in NAFLD remain unknown. Here, we discovered that mice lacking MicroRNA-23b developed NAFLD-like phenotypes such as increased serum triglyceride and lipid droplet accumulation. In db/db mice fed a high fat diet, MicroRNA-23b overexpression reduced liver weight and alleviated liver inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis. MicroRNA-23b regulates the acyl-CoA metabolic process via Acyl-CoA thioesterase 4 (Acot4), which interacts with Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACC), according to the RNA-seq analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Li
- Nephrosis Precision Medicine Innovation Center, School of Basic Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, 132011, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Nephrosis Precision Medicine Innovation Center, School of Basic Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, 132011, China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Nephrosis Precision Medicine Innovation Center, School of Basic Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, 132011, China; Blood Transfusion Department, Jilin Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hopital, Jilin, 132011, China
| | - Yanling Hu
- Nephrosis Precision Medicine Innovation Center, School of Basic Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, 132011, China
| | - Licheng Xu
- Nephrosis Precision Medicine Innovation Center, School of Basic Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, 132011, China
| | - Tianhe Wang
- Nephrosis Precision Medicine Innovation Center, School of Basic Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, 132011, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Changchun Nanguan District Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning Service Center, Changchun, 13022, China
| | - Xinyi Sun
- Endocrine Department, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, 132011, China.
| | - Binghai Zhao
- Nephrosis Precision Medicine Innovation Center, School of Basic Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, 132011, China.
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24
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Fedeli M, Kuka M, Finardi A, Albano F, Viganò V, Iannacone M, Furlan R, Dellabona P, Casorati G. miR-21 sustains CD28 signalling and low-affinity T-cell responses at the expense of self-tolerance. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1321. [PMID: 34584693 PMCID: PMC8454917 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective miR-21 is highly expressed in iNKT and activated T cells, but its T-cell autonomous functions are poorly defined. We sought to investigate the role of miR-21 in the development and functions of T and iNKT cells, representing adaptive and innate-like populations, respectively. Methods We studied mice with a conditional deletion of miR-21 in all mature T lymphocytes. Results Thymic and peripheral T and iNKT compartments were normal in miR-21 KO mice. Upon activation in vitro, miR-21 depletion reduced T-cell survival, TH17 polarisation and, remarkably, T- and iNKT cell ability to respond to low-affinity antigens, without altering their response to high-affinity ones. Mechanistically, miR-21 sustained CD28-dependent costimulation pathways required to lower the T-cell activation threshold, inhibiting its repressors in a positive feedback circuit, in turn increasing T-cell sensitivity to antigenic stimulation and survival. Upon immunisation with the low-affinity self-epitope MOG35-55, miR-21 KO mice were indeed less susceptible than WT animals to the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, whereas they mounted normal T-cell responses against high-affinity viral epitopes generated upon lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. Conclusion The induction of T-cell responses to weak antigens (signal 1) depends on CD28 costimulation (signal 2). miR-21 sustains CD28 costimulation, decreasing the T-cell activation threshold and increasing their sensitivity to antigenic stimulation and survival, broadening the immune surveillance range. This occurs at the cost of unleashing autoimmunity, resulting from the recognition of weak self-antigens by autoreactive immune responses. Thus, miR-21 fine-tunes T-cell response and self-/non-self-discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Fedeli
- Experimental Immunology Unit Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy
| | - Mirela Kuka
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy.,Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy
| | - Annamaria Finardi
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit Institute of Experimental Neurology IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy
| | - Francesca Albano
- Experimental Immunology Unit Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy
| | - Valentina Viganò
- Experimental Immunology Unit Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy.,Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy.,Experimental Imaging Centre IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy
| | - Roberto Furlan
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit Institute of Experimental Neurology IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy
| | - Paolo Dellabona
- Experimental Immunology Unit Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy
| | - Giulia Casorati
- Experimental Immunology Unit Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy
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25
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Schweiger V, Hasimbegovic E, Kastner N, Spannbauer A, Traxler D, Gyöngyösi M, Mester-Tonczar J. Non-Coding RNAs in Stem Cell Regulation and Cardiac Regeneration: Current Problems and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179160. [PMID: 34502068 PMCID: PMC8431637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although advances in rapid revascularization strategies following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have led to improved short and long-term outcomes, the associated loss of cardiomyocytes and the subsequent remodeling result in an impaired ventricular function that can lead to heart failure or death. The poor regenerative capacity of the myocardium and the current lack of effective regenerative therapies have driven stem cell research in search of a possible solution. One approach involves the delivery of stem cells to the site of injury in order to stimulate repair response. Although animal studies initially delivered promising results, the application of similar techniques in humans has been hampered by poor target site retention and oncogenic considerations. In response, several alternative strategies, including the use of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), have been introduced with the aim of activating and regulating stem cells or inducing stem cell status in resident cells. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are ncRNAs with pivotal functions in cell proliferation and differentiation, whose role in stem cell regulation and potential significance for the field of cardiac regeneration is the primary focus of this review. We also address the general advantages of ncRNAs as promising drivers of cardiac regeneration and potent stem cell regulators.
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26
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Schober A, Blay RM, Saboor Maleki S, Zahedi F, Winklmaier AE, Kakar MY, Baatsch IM, Zhu M, Geißler C, Fusco AE, Eberlein A, Li N, Megens RTA, Banafsche R, Kumbrink J, Weber C, Nazari-Jahantigh M. MicroRNA-21 Controls Circadian Regulation of Apoptosis in Atherosclerotic Lesions. Circulation 2021; 144:1059-1073. [PMID: 34233454 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.051614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The necrotic core partly formed by ineffective efferocytosis increases the risk of an atherosclerotic plaque rupture. microRNAs contribute to necrotic core formation by regulating efferocytosis and macrophage apoptosis. Atherosclerotic plaque rupture occurs at increased frequency in the early morning, indicating diurnal changes in plaque vulnerability. Although circadian rhythms play a role in atherosclerosis, the molecular clock output pathways that control plaque composition and rupture susceptibility are unclear. Methods: Circadian gene expression, necrotic core size, and apoptosis and efferocytosis in aortic lesions were investigated at different times of the day in Apoe-/-Mir21+/+ mice and Apoe-/- Mir21-/- mice after consumption of a high-fat diet for 12 weeks feeding. Genome-wide gene expression and lesion formation were analyzed in bone marrow (BM)-transplanted mice. Diurnal changes in apoptosis and clock gene expression were determined in human atherosclerotic lesions. Results: The expression of molecular clock genes, lesional apoptosis, and necrotic core size were diurnally regulated in Apoe-/- mice. Efferocytosis did not match the diurnal increase in apoptosis at the beginning of the active phase. However, in parallel with apoptosis, expression levels of oscillating Mir21 strands decreased in the mouse atherosclerotic aorta. Mir21 knockout abolished circadian regulation of apoptosis and reduced necrotic core size, but did not affect core clock gene expression. Further, Mir21 knockout upregulated expression of pro-apoptotic XIAP associated factor 1 (Xaf1) in the atherosclerotic aorta, which abolished circadian expression of Xaf1. The anti-apoptotic effect of Mir21 was mediated by non-canonical targeting of Xaf1 through both Mir21 strands. Mir21 knockout in BM cells also reduced atherosclerosis and necrotic core size. Circadian regulation of clock gene expression was confirmed in human atherosclerotic lesions. Apoptosis oscillated diurnally in phase with XAF1 expression, demonstrating an early morning peak anti-phase to that of the Mir21 strands. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the molecular clock in atherosclerotic lesions induces a diurnal rhythm of apoptosis regulated by circadian Mir21 expression in macrophages that is not matched by efferocytosis, thus increasing the size of the necrotic core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schober
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; DZHK, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Richard M Blay
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Saffiyeh Saboor Maleki
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Farima Zahedi
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Anja E Winklmaier
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Mati Y Kakar
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabelle M Baatsch
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Mengyu Zhu
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Geißler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Anja E Fusco
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Eberlein
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Nan Li
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Remco T A Megens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ramin Banafsche
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Kumbrink
- Institute for Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; DZHK, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Maliheh Nazari-Jahantigh
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; DZHK, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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27
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Ma H, Li X, Yu S, Hu Y, Yin M, Zhu F, Xu L, Wang T, Wang H, Li H, Zhao B, Huang Y. Deletion of the miR-25/93/106b cluster induces glomerular deposition of immune complexes and renal fibrosis in mice. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:7922-7934. [PMID: 34197043 PMCID: PMC8358857 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN), the most common form of primary glomerulonephritis, is caused by immune system dysfunction and affects only the kidneys. miRNA was involved in IgAN, in which their roles are still unknown. Herein, we found increased glomerular medulla size, proteinuria, kidney artery resistance, kidney fibrosis and immune complex deposition in 5‐month miR‐25/93/106b cluster knockout (miR‐TKO) mice. In vitro, the inhibition of miR‐25 cluster could promote cell proliferation and increase fibrosis‐related protein and transferrin receptor (TFRC) expression in human renal glomerular mesangial cell (HRMC). Luciferase assay revealed that inhibition of miR‐93/106b cluster could upregulate Ccnd1 expression through direct binding with the 3’UTR of Ccnd1. Conversely, inhibition of Ccnd1 expression prevented miR‐93/106b‐induced effect in HRMC. These findings suggested that miR‐25 cluster played an important role in the progression of IgAN, which provided new insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchuang Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Jilin Collaborative Innovation Center for Antibody Engineering, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Nephrosis Precision Medicine Innovation Center, University of Beihua School of Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Nephrosis Precision Medicine Innovation Center, University of Beihua School of Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Yanling Hu
- Nephrosis Precision Medicine Innovation Center, University of Beihua School of Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | | | - Fubin Zhu
- Nephrosis Precision Medicine Innovation Center, University of Beihua School of Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Licheng Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianhe Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiyan Wang
- Jilin Collaborative Innovation Center for Antibody Engineering, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Hongzhi Li
- Nephrosis Precision Medicine Innovation Center, University of Beihua School of Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Binghai Zhao
- Nephrosis Precision Medicine Innovation Center, University of Beihua School of Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Yadong Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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28
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Nourin-Associated miRNAs: Novel Inflammatory Monitoring Markers for Cyclocreatine Phosphate Therapy in Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073575. [PMID: 33808213 PMCID: PMC8036979 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cyclocreatine phosphate (CCrP) is a potent bioenergetic cardioprotective compound known to preserve high levels of cellular adenosine triphosphate during ischemia. Using the standard Isoproterenol (ISO) rat model of heart failure (HF), we recently demonstrated that the administration of CCrP prevented the development of HF by markedly reducing cardiac remodeling (fibrosis and collagen deposition) and maintaining normal ejection fraction and heart weight, as well as physical activity. The novel inflammatory mediator, Nourin is a 3-KDa formyl peptide rapidly released by ischemic myocardium and is associated with post-ischemic cardiac inflammation. We reported that the Nourin-associated miR-137 (marker of cell damage) and miR-106b-5p (marker of inflammation) are significantly upregulated in unstable angina patients and patients with acute myocardial infarction, but not in healthy subjects. Objectives: To test the hypothesis that Nourin-associated miR-137 and miR-106b-5p are upregulated in ISO-induced “HF rats” and that the administration of CCrP prevents myocardial injury (MI) and reduces Nourin gene expression in “non-HF rats”. Methods: 25 male Wistar rats (180–220 g) were used: ISO/saline (n = 6), ISO/CCrP (0.8 g/kg/day) (n = 5), control/saline (n = 5), and control/CCrP (0.8 g/kg/day) (n = 4). In a limited study, CCrP at a lower dose of 0.4 g/kg/day (n = 3) and a higher dose of 1.2 g/kg/day (n = 2) were also tested. The Rats were injected SC with ISO for two consecutive days at doses of 85 and 170 mg/kg/day, respectively, then allowed to survive for an additional two weeks. CCrP and saline were injected IP (1 mL) 24 h and 1 h before first ISO administration, then daily for two weeks. Serum CK-MB (U/L) was measured 24 h after the second ISO injection to confirm myocardial injury. After 14 days, gene expression levels of miR-137 and miR-106b-5p were measured in serum samples using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Results: While high levels of CK-MB were detected after 24 h in the ISO/saline rats indicative of MI, the ISO/CCrP rats showed normal CK-MB levels, supporting prevention of MI by CCrP. After 14 days, gene expression profiles showed significant upregulation of miR-137 and miR-106b-5p by 8.6-fold and 8.7-fold increase, respectively, in the ISO/saline rats, “HF rats,” compared to the control/saline group. On the contrary, CCrP treatment at 0.8 g/kg/day markedly reduced gene expression of miR-137 by 75% and of miR-106b-5p by 44% in the ISO/CCrP rats, “non-HF rats,” compared to the ISO/Saline rats, “HF rats.” Additionally, healthy rats treated with CCrP for 14 days showed no toxicity in heart, liver, and renal function. Conclusions: Results suggest a role of Nourin-associated miR-137 and miR-106b-5p in the pathogenesis of HF and that CCrP treatment prevented ischemic injury in “non-HF rats” and significantly reduced Nourin gene expression levels in a dose–response manner. The Nourin gene-based mRNAs may, therefore, potentially be used as monitoring markers of drug therapy response in HF, and CCrP—as a novel preventive therapy of HF due to ischemia.
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29
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Nonaka CKV, Sampaio GL, de Aragão França L, Cavalcante BR, Silva KN, Khouri R, Torres FG, Meira CS, de Souza Santos E, Macedo CT, Paredes BD, Rocha VPC, Rogatto SR, Ribeiro dos Santos R, Souza BSDF, Soares MBP. Therapeutic miR-21 Silencing Reduces Cardiac Fibrosis and Modulates Inflammatory Response in Chronic Chagas Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3307. [PMID: 33804922 PMCID: PMC8036348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), remains a serious public health problem for which there is no effective treatment in the chronic stage. Intense cardiac fibrosis and inflammation are hallmarks of chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy (CCC). Previously, we identified upregulation of circulating and cardiac miR-21, a pro-fibrotic microRNA (miRNA), in subjects with CCC. Here, we explored the potential role of miR-21 as a therapeutic target in a model of chronic Chagas disease. PCR array-based 88 microRNA screening was performed in heart samples obtained from C57Bl/6 mice chronically infected with T. cruzi and serum samples collected from CCC patients. MiR-21 was found upregulated in both human and mouse samples, which was corroborated by an in silico analysis of miRNA-mRNA target prediction. In vitro miR-21 functional assays (gain-and loss-of-function) were performed in cardiac fibroblasts, showing upregulation of miR-21 and collagen expression upon transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) and T. cruzi stimulation, while miR-21 blockage reduced collagen expression. Finally, treatment of T. cruzi-infected mice with locked nucleic acid (LNA)-anti-miR-21 inhibitor promoted a significant reduction in cardiac fibrosis. Our data suggest that miR-21 is a mediator involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis and indicates the pharmacological silencing of miR-21 as a potential therapeutic approach for CCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Kymie Vasques Nonaka
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador 41253-190, Brazil; (C.K.V.N.); (L.d.A.F); (K.N.S.); (B.D.P); (B.S.d.F.S.)
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (G.L.S.); (B.R.C); (R.K.); (F.G.T); (C.S.M); (E.d.S.S); (C.T.M.); (V.P.C.R); (R.R.d.S.)
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Louise Sampaio
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (G.L.S.); (B.R.C); (R.K.); (F.G.T); (C.S.M); (E.d.S.S); (C.T.M.); (V.P.C.R); (R.R.d.S.)
- Senai Institute of Innovation in Advanced Health Systems, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41253-190, Brazil
| | - Luciana de Aragão França
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador 41253-190, Brazil; (C.K.V.N.); (L.d.A.F); (K.N.S.); (B.D.P); (B.S.d.F.S.)
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil
| | - Bruno Raphael Cavalcante
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador 41253-190, Brazil; (C.K.V.N.); (L.d.A.F); (K.N.S.); (B.D.P); (B.S.d.F.S.)
| | - Katia Nunes Silva
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador 41253-190, Brazil; (C.K.V.N.); (L.d.A.F); (K.N.S.); (B.D.P); (B.S.d.F.S.)
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (G.L.S.); (B.R.C); (R.K.); (F.G.T); (C.S.M); (E.d.S.S); (C.T.M.); (V.P.C.R); (R.R.d.S.)
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Khouri
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (G.L.S.); (B.R.C); (R.K.); (F.G.T); (C.S.M); (E.d.S.S); (C.T.M.); (V.P.C.R); (R.R.d.S.)
| | - Felipe Guimarães Torres
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (G.L.S.); (B.R.C); (R.K.); (F.G.T); (C.S.M); (E.d.S.S); (C.T.M.); (V.P.C.R); (R.R.d.S.)
| | - Cassio Santana Meira
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (G.L.S.); (B.R.C); (R.K.); (F.G.T); (C.S.M); (E.d.S.S); (C.T.M.); (V.P.C.R); (R.R.d.S.)
- Senai Institute of Innovation in Advanced Health Systems, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41253-190, Brazil
| | - Emanuelle de Souza Santos
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (G.L.S.); (B.R.C); (R.K.); (F.G.T); (C.S.M); (E.d.S.S); (C.T.M.); (V.P.C.R); (R.R.d.S.)
- Senai Institute of Innovation in Advanced Health Systems, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41253-190, Brazil
| | - Carolina Thé Macedo
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (G.L.S.); (B.R.C); (R.K.); (F.G.T); (C.S.M); (E.d.S.S); (C.T.M.); (V.P.C.R); (R.R.d.S.)
- Senai Institute of Innovation in Advanced Health Systems, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41253-190, Brazil
- Department of Cardiology, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador 41253-190, Brazil
| | - Bruno Diaz Paredes
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (G.L.S.); (B.R.C); (R.K.); (F.G.T); (C.S.M); (E.d.S.S); (C.T.M.); (V.P.C.R); (R.R.d.S.)
- Senai Institute of Innovation in Advanced Health Systems, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41253-190, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Pinto Costa Rocha
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (G.L.S.); (B.R.C); (R.K.); (F.G.T); (C.S.M); (E.d.S.S); (C.T.M.); (V.P.C.R); (R.R.d.S.)
- Senai Institute of Innovation in Advanced Health Systems, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41253-190, Brazil
| | - Silvia Regina Rogatto
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Southern Denmark-Vejle, 7100 Vejle, Denmark;
| | - Ricardo Ribeiro dos Santos
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (G.L.S.); (B.R.C); (R.K.); (F.G.T); (C.S.M); (E.d.S.S); (C.T.M.); (V.P.C.R); (R.R.d.S.)
- Senai Institute of Innovation in Advanced Health Systems, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41253-190, Brazil
| | - Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador 41253-190, Brazil; (C.K.V.N.); (L.d.A.F); (K.N.S.); (B.D.P); (B.S.d.F.S.)
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (G.L.S.); (B.R.C); (R.K.); (F.G.T); (C.S.M); (E.d.S.S); (C.T.M.); (V.P.C.R); (R.R.d.S.)
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (G.L.S.); (B.R.C); (R.K.); (F.G.T); (C.S.M); (E.d.S.S); (C.T.M.); (V.P.C.R); (R.R.d.S.)
- Senai Institute of Innovation in Advanced Health Systems, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41253-190, Brazil
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Ramanujam D, Schön AP, Beck C, Vaccarello P, Felician G, Dueck A, Esfandyari D, Meister G, Meitinger T, Schulz C, Engelhardt S. MicroRNA-21-Dependent Macrophage-to-Fibroblast Signaling Determines the Cardiac Response to Pressure Overload. Circulation 2021; 143:1513-1525. [PMID: 33550817 PMCID: PMC8032214 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.050682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Cardiac macrophages (cMPs) are increasingly recognized as important regulators of myocardial homeostasis and disease, yet the role of noncoding RNA in these cells is largely unknown. Small RNA sequencing of the entire miRNomes of the major cardiac cell fractions revealed microRNA-21 (miR-21) as the single highest expressed microRNA in cMPs, both in health and disease (25% and 43% of all microRNA reads, respectively). MiR-21 has been previously reported as a key microRNA driving tissue fibrosis. Here, we aimed to determine the function of macrophage miR-21 on myocardial homeostasis and disease-associated remodeling. Methods: Macrophage-specific ablation of miR-21 in mice driven by Cx3cr1-Cre was used to determine the function of miR-21 in this cell type. As a disease model, mice were subjected to pressure overload for 6 and 28 days. Cardiac function was assessed in vivo by echocardiography, followed by histological analyses and single-cell sequencing. Cocultures of macrophages and cardiac fibroblasts were used to study macrophage-to-fibroblast signaling. Results: Mice with macrophage-specific genetic deletion of miR-21 were protected from interstitial fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction when subjected to pressure overload of the left ventricle. Single-cell sequencing of pressure-overloaded hearts from these mice revealed that miR-21 in macrophages is essential for their polarization toward a M1-like phenotype. Systematic quantification of intercellular communication mediated by ligand-receptor interactions across all cell types revealed that miR-21 primarily determined macrophage-fibroblast communication, promoting the transition from quiescent fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. Polarization of isolated macrophages in vitro toward a proinflammatory (M1-like) phenotype activated myofibroblast transdifferentiation of cardiac fibroblasts in a paracrine manner and was dependent on miR-21 in cMPs. Conclusions: Our data indicate a critical role of cMPs in pressure overload–induced cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction and reveal macrophage miR-21 as a key molecule for the profibrotic role of cMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Ramanujam
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie (D.R., A.P.S., C.B., P.V., G.F., A.D., D.E., S.E.), Technische Universität München (TUM), Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (D.R., A.P.S., C.B., G.F., A.D., D.E., T.M., C.S., S.E.)
| | - Anna Patricia Schön
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie (D.R., A.P.S., C.B., P.V., G.F., A.D., D.E., S.E.), Technische Universität München (TUM), Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (D.R., A.P.S., C.B., G.F., A.D., D.E., T.M., C.S., S.E.)
| | - Christina Beck
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie (D.R., A.P.S., C.B., P.V., G.F., A.D., D.E., S.E.), Technische Universität München (TUM), Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (D.R., A.P.S., C.B., G.F., A.D., D.E., T.M., C.S., S.E.)
| | - Paula Vaccarello
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie (D.R., A.P.S., C.B., P.V., G.F., A.D., D.E., S.E.), Technische Universität München (TUM), Germany
| | - Giulia Felician
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie (D.R., A.P.S., C.B., P.V., G.F., A.D., D.E., S.E.), Technische Universität München (TUM), Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (D.R., A.P.S., C.B., G.F., A.D., D.E., T.M., C.S., S.E.)
| | - Anne Dueck
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie (D.R., A.P.S., C.B., P.V., G.F., A.D., D.E., S.E.), Technische Universität München (TUM), Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (D.R., A.P.S., C.B., G.F., A.D., D.E., T.M., C.S., S.E.)
| | - Dena Esfandyari
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie (D.R., A.P.S., C.B., P.V., G.F., A.D., D.E., S.E.), Technische Universität München (TUM), Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (D.R., A.P.S., C.B., G.F., A.D., D.E., T.M., C.S., S.E.)
| | - Gunter Meister
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BZR), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, Germany (G.M.)
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Technische Universität München (TUM), Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (D.R., A.P.S., C.B., G.F., A.D., D.E., T.M., C.S., S.E.).,Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany (T.M.)
| | - Christian Schulz
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (D.R., A.P.S., C.B., G.F., A.D., D.E., T.M., C.S., S.E.).,Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany (C.S.)
| | - Stefan Engelhardt
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie (D.R., A.P.S., C.B., P.V., G.F., A.D., D.E., S.E.), Technische Universität München (TUM), Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (D.R., A.P.S., C.B., G.F., A.D., D.E., T.M., C.S., S.E.)
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Hinkel R, Ramanujam D, Kaczmarek V, Howe A, Klett K, Beck C, Dueck A, Thum T, Laugwitz KL, Maegdefessel L, Weber C, Kupatt C, Engelhardt S. AntimiR-21 Prevents Myocardial Dysfunction in a Pig Model of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 75:1788-1800. [PMID: 32299591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND miR-21 is a central regulator of cardiac fibrosis, and its inhibition in small-animal models has been shown to be an effective antifibrotic strategy in various organs, including the heart. Effective delivery of therapeutic antisense micro-ribonucleic acid (antimiR) molecules to the myocardium in larger organisms is challenging, though, and remains to be established for models of chronic heart failure. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to test the applicability and therapeutic efficacy of local, catheter-based delivery of antimiR-21 in a pig model of heart failure and determine its effect on the cardiac transcriptomic signature and cellular composition. METHODS Pigs underwent transient percutaneous occlusion of the left coronary artery and were followed up for 33 days. AntimiR-21 (10 mg) was applied by intracoronary infusion at days 5 and 19 after the injury. Cardiac function was assessed in vivo, followed by histological analyses and deep ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-seq) of the myocardium and genetic deconvolution analysis. RESULTS AntimiR-21 effectively suppressed the remodeling-associated increase of miR-21. At 33 days after ischemia/reperfusion injury, LNA-21-treated hearts exhibited reduced cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy and improved cardiac function. Deep RNA-seq revealed a significant derepression of the miR-21 targetome in antimiR-21-treated myocardium and a suppression of the inflammatory response and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. A genetic deconvolution approach built on deep RNA-seq and single-cell RNA-seq data identified reductions in macrophage and fibroblast numbers as the key cell types affected by antimiR-21 treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first evidence for the feasibility and therapeutic efficacy of miR-21 inhibition in a large animal model of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabea Hinkel
- 1. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwigs-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Deutsches Primatenzentrum GmbH, Leibnitz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Laboratory Animal Science Unit, Göttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Deepak Ramanujam
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Veronika Kaczmarek
- 1. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwigs-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Howe
- 1. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwigs-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Klett
- 1. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwigs-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Beck
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Dueck
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz
- 1. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Department of Vascular Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwigs-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Kupatt
- 1. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
| | - Stefan Engelhardt
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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MiR-125b-2 knockout increases high-fat diet-induced fat accumulation and insulin resistance. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21969. [PMID: 33319811 PMCID: PMC7738482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77714-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Obese individuals are more susceptible to comorbidities than individuals of healthy weight, including cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. MicroRNAs are a class of small and noncoding RNAs that are implicated in the regulation of chronic human diseases. We previously reported that miR-125b plays a critical role in adipogenesis in vitro. However, the involvement of miR-125b-2 in fat metabolism in vivo remains unknown. In the present study, miR-125b-2 knockout mice were generated using CRISPR/CAS9 technology, resulting in mice with a 7 bp deletion in the seed sequence of miR-125b-2. MiR-125b-2 knockout increased the weight of liver tissue, epididymal white fat and inguinal white fat. MiR-125b-2 knockout also increased adipocyte volume in HFD-induced obese mice, while there were no significant differences in body weight and feed intake versus mice fed a normal diet. Additionally, qRT-PCR and western blot analysis revealed that the expression of the miR-125b-2 target gene SCD-1 and fat synthesis-associated genes, such as PPARγ and C/EBPα, were significantly up-regulated in miR-125b-2KO mice (P < 0.05). Moreover, miR-125b-2KO altered HFD-induced changes in glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. In conclusion, we show that miR-125b-2 is a novel potential target for regulating fat accumulation, and also a candidate target to develop novel treatment strategies for obesity and diabetes.
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Fragiadaki M, Macleod FM, Ong ACM. The Controversial Role of Fibrosis in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238936. [PMID: 33255651 PMCID: PMC7728143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is characterized by the progressive growth of cysts but it is also accompanied by diffuse tissue scarring or fibrosis. A number of recent studies have been published in this area, yet the role of fibrosis in ADPKD remains controversial. Here, we will discuss the stages of fibrosis progression in ADPKD, and how these compare with other common kidney diseases. We will also provide a detailed overview of some key mechanistic pathways to fibrosis in the polycystic kidney. Specifically, the role of the 'chronic hypoxia hypothesis', persistent inflammation, Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGFβ), Janus Kinase/Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (JAK/STAT) and microRNAs will be examined. Evidence for and against a pathogenic role of extracellular matrix during ADPKD disease progression will be provided.
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34
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Dai B, Wang F, Nie X, Du H, Zhao Y, Yin Z, Li H, Fan J, Wen Z, Wang DW, Chen C. The Cell Type-Specific Functions of miR-21 in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Genet 2020; 11:563166. [PMID: 33329700 PMCID: PMC7714932 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.563166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the prime reasons for disability and death worldwide. Diseases and conditions, such as hypoxia, pressure overload, infection, and hyperglycemia, might initiate cardiac remodeling and dysfunction by inducing hypertrophy or apoptosis in cardiomyocytes and by promoting proliferation in cardiac fibroblasts. In the vascular system, injuries decrease the endothelial nitric oxide levels and affect the phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells. Understanding the underlying mechanisms will be helpful for the development of a precise therapeutic approach. Various microRNAs are involved in mediating multiple pathological and physiological processes in the heart. A cardiac enriched microRNA, miR-21, which is essential for cardiac homeostasis, has been demonstrated to act as a cell–cell messenger with diverse functions. This review describes the cell type–specific functions of miR-21 in different cardiovascular diseases and its prospects in clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Dai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Nie
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Hengzhi Du
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanru Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongwei Yin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Huaping Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Fan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Wen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
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Li M, Tang X, Liu X, Cui X, Lian M, Zhao M, Peng H, Han X. Targeted miR-21 loaded liposomes for acute myocardial infarction. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10384-10391. [PMID: 33112352 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01821j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute and persistent myocardial ischemia is the main cause of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and heart failure. MicroRNA-21(miR-21) contributes to the pathophysiological consequences of acute myocardial infarction by targeting downstream crucial regulators. Thus, miR-21 mimics are a promising strategy for the treatment of AMI. However, their poor stability and insufficient cellular uptake are the major challenges. Herein, we encapsulated miR-21 mimics into liposomes modified with the cardiac troponin T (cTnT) antibody for targeted delivery of miR-21(cT-21-LIPs) to the ischemic myocardium. The cT-21-LIPs exhibited enhanced targeting efficiency to hypoxia primary cardiomyocytes in vitro and improved accumulation in the ischemic heart of AMI rats after injection via the tail vein due to the specifical target to overexpressed troponin. The cT-21-LIPs could significantly improve the cardiac function and decrease the infarct size after AMI, while maintaining the viability of cardiomyocytes. This design provides a novel strategy for delivering small nucleotide drugs specifically to the infarcted heart, which may find great potential in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Campus of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, 163319, China and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Xuefeng Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Campus of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Campus of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Xinyu Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Mingming Lian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Campus of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Man Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Campus of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Haisheng Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Campus of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Xiaojun Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
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Chung DJ, Wu YL, Yang MY, Chan KC, Lee HJ, Wang CJ. Nelumbo nucifera leaf polyphenol extract and gallic acid inhibit TNF-α-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration involving the regulation of miR-21, miR-143 and miR-145. Food Funct 2020; 11:8602-8611. [PMID: 33084700 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02135k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nelumbo nucifera leaf water extract (NLE) attenuates high-fat diet (HFD)-induced rabbit atherosclerosis, but its mechanism of action and the relevant compounds remain unclear. Modulating the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) may be an enforceable strategy for atherosclerosis prevention. Therefore, we investigated the potential mechanisms of N. nucifera leaf polyphenol extract (NLPE) and its active ingredient gallic acid (GA) in VSMC proliferation and migration. A7r5 rat aortic VSMCs were provoked using 50 ng mL-1 tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α; the NLPE or GA reduced the TNF-α-induced migration by inhibiting the transforming protein RhoA/cell division cycle protein 42 pathway. The NLPE or GA suppressed the TNF-α-induced VSMC proliferation by inhibiting the Ras pathway and increasing the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), kinase suppressor of Ras 2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. The NLPE or GA increased PTEN expression by downregulating microRNA (miR)-21 expression and reduced Ras and RhoA expression by upregulating miR-143 and miR-145 expression. The NLPE and GA use potentially prevents atherosclerosis by inhibiting the VSMC migration and proliferation. The mechanisms involve the regulation of the miRNA in PTEN, the Ras/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase pathway, and Rho family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai-Jung Chung
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Liang Wu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Surgical Department, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Mon-Yuan Yang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Chuan Chan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan and Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Jane Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan. and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N Road, Taichung 40201, South District, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Jong Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan. and Department of Health Diet and Industry Management, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
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Tsata V, Beis D. In Full Force. Mechanotransduction and Morphogenesis during Homeostasis and Tissue Regeneration. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7:jcdd7040040. [PMID: 33019569 PMCID: PMC7711708 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7040040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions of form and function have been the focus of numerous studies in the context of development and more recently regeneration. Our understanding on how cells, tissues and organs sense and interpret external cues, such as mechanical forces, is becoming deeper as novel techniques in imaging are applied and the relevant signaling pathways emerge. These cellular responses can be found from bacteria to all multicellular organisms such as plants and animals. In this review, we focus on hemodynamic flow and endothelial shear stress during cardiovascular development and regeneration, where the interactions of morphogenesis and proper function are more prominent. In addition, we address the recent literature on the role of extracellular matrix and fibrotic response during tissue repair and regeneration. Finally, we refer to examples where the integration of multi-disciplinary approaches to understand the biomechanics of cellular responses could be utilized in novel medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Tsata
- Correspondence: (V.T.); (D.B.); Tel.: +3021-0659-7439 (V.T. & D.B.)
| | - Dimitris Beis
- Correspondence: (V.T.); (D.B.); Tel.: +3021-0659-7439 (V.T. & D.B.)
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38
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An Overview of Non-coding RNAs and Cardiovascular System. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1229:3-45. [PMID: 32285403 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1671-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease management and timely diagnosis remain a major dilemma. Delineating molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases is opening horizon in the field of molecular medicines and in the development of early diagnostic markers. Non-coding RNAs are the highly functional and vibrant nucleic acids and are known to be involved in the regulation of endothelial cells, vascular and smooth muscles cells, cardiac metabolism, ischemia, inflammation and many processes in cardiovascular system. This chapter is comprehensively focusing on the overview of the non-coding RNAs including their discovery, generation, classification and functional regulation. In addition, overview regarding different non-coding RNAs as long non-coding, siRNAs and miRNAs involvement in the cardiovascular diseases is also addressed. Detailed functional analysis of this vast group of highly regulatory molecules will be promising for shaping future drug discoveries.
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Strauss FJ, Stähli A, Kobatake R, Tangl S, Heimel P, Apaza Alccayhuaman KA, Schosserer M, Hackl M, Grillari J, Gruber R. miRNA-21 deficiency impairs alveolar socket healing in mice. J Periodontol 2020; 91:1664-1672. [PMID: 32396233 PMCID: PMC7818433 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs demonstrated as critical post-transcriptional modulators in dental tissues and bone regeneration, particularly miR-21-5p. However, the role of miR-21-5p in the healing of alveolar sockets following tooth extraction remains unknown. In this study we evaluated the influence of miR-21-5p in the healing of alveolar socket after tooth extraction. METHODS Eight miR-21-5p knockout mice and eight littermate controls underwent tooth extraction of the upper right incisor. After a healing period of 14 days microCT and histological analyses were performed. RESULTS MicroCT analysis showed that the percentage of bone in the extraction socket was significantly higher in the control group than in the miR-21 knockout mice; either in the coronal (39.0%, CI 31.8 to 48.0 versus 23.0%, CI 17.8 to 35.2, P = 0.03) or in the middle part of the alveolar socket (56.0%, CI 50.9 to 62.5 versus 43.5% CI 28.6 to 54.6, P = 0.03). These differences were not noted in the apical part of the extraction socket. Histological analysis supported the microCT findings. Newly bone volume per tissue volume (BV/TV) was significantly higher in the control group when compared to miR-21 knockout mice, 27.4% (CI 20.6 to 32.9) versus 19.0% (CI 14.7 to 21.5, P < 0.05), respectively. Surprisingly, no evident signs of buccal bone resorption were observed in both groups. CONCLUSION Despite the limitation of one observation period, these findings suggest that miR-21-5p delays the early healing of alveolar socket following tooth extraction. Whether miR-21-5p is essential for healing of alveolar sockets remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Josef Strauss
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Stähli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Reiko Kobatake
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Stefan Tangl
- Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research, Division of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Wein, Wein, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Heimel
- Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research, Division of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Wein, Wein, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Markus Schosserer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Johannes Grillari
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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40
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Li H, Liu Y, Huang J, Liu Y, Zhu Y. Association of genetic variants in lncRNA GAS5/miR-21/mTOR axis with risk and prognosis of coronary artery disease among a Chinese population. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23430. [PMID: 32557866 PMCID: PMC7595889 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Allowing for the significance of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in reflecting disease risk, this investigation attempted to uncover whether SNPs situated in lncRNA GAS5/miR‐21/mTOR axis were associated with risk and prognosis of coronary heart disease (CHD) among a Chinese Han population. Methods Altogether 436 patients with CHD were recruited as cases, and meanwhile, 471 healthy volunteers were included into the control group. Besides, SNPs of GAS5/MIR‐21/mTOR axis were genotyped utilizing mass spectrometry. Chi‐square test was applied to figure out SNPs that were strongly associated with CHD risk and prognosis, and combined effects of SNPs and environmental parameters on CHD risk were evaluated through multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) model. Results Single nucleotide polymorphisms of GAS5 (ie, rs2067079 and rs6790), MIR‐21 (ie, rs1292037), and mTOR (rs2295080, rs2536, and rs1034528) were associated with susceptibility to CHD, and also Gensini score change of patients with CHD (P < .05). MDR results further demonstrated that rs2067079 and rs2536 were strongly interactive in elevating CHD risk (P < .05), while smoking, rs6790 and rs2295080 showed powerful reciprocity in predicting Gensini score change of patients with CHD (P < .05). Conclusion Single nucleotide polymorphisms of lncRNA GAS5/miR‐21/mTOR axis might interact with smoking to regulate CHD risk, which was conducive to diagnosis and prognostic anticipation of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Naval Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Zhanjiang City, China
| | - Yingxue Liu
- Department of Outpatient, The First Naval Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Zhanjiang City, China
| | - Jinyan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Naval Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Zhanjiang City, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Naval Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Zhanjiang City, China
| | - Yufeng Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Naval Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Zhanjiang City, China
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Yousefi F, Shabaninejad Z, Vakili S, Derakhshan M, Movahedpour A, Dabiri H, Ghasemi Y, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Nikoozadeh A, Savardashtaki A, Mirzaei H, Hamblin MR. TGF-β and WNT signaling pathways in cardiac fibrosis: non-coding RNAs come into focus. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:87. [PMID: 32517807 PMCID: PMC7281690 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis describes the inappropriate proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), leading to accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the cardiac muscle, which is found in many pathophysiological heart conditions. A range of molecular components and cellular pathways, have been implicated in its pathogenesis. In this review, we focus on the TGF-β and WNT signaling pathways, and their mutual interaction, which have emerged as important factors involved in cardiac pathophysiology. The molecular and cellular processes involved in the initiation and progression of cardiac fibrosis are summarized. We focus on TGF-β and WNT signaling in cardiac fibrosis, ECM production, and myofibroblast transformation. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are one of the main players in the regulation of multiple pathways and cellular processes. MicroRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular long non-coding RNAs can all interact with the TGF-β/WNT signaling axis to affect cardiac fibrosis. A better understanding of these processes may lead to new approaches for diagnosis and treatment of many cardiac conditions. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yousefi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Shabaninejad
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sina Vakili
- Biochemistry Department, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Derakhshan
- Department of Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Movahedpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Student research committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamed Dabiri
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cell and Development Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azin Nikoozadeh
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine,Mashhad Univesity of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. .,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR, Iran.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. .,Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
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Ben-Nun D, Buja LM, Fuentes F. Prevention of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF): reexamining microRNA-21 inhibition in the era of oligonucleotide-based therapeutics. Cardiovasc Pathol 2020; 49:107243. [PMID: 32629211 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2020.107243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) accounts for 50% of cases of heart failure, which is the most common cause of hospitalization in US patients over the age of 65. HFpEF pathogenesis is increasingly believed to be due to pathological hypertrophy and fibrosis of the myocardium that may be a result of systemic inflammation from comorbid conditions such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, anemia, chronic kidney disease and others. It is believed that oxidative stress triggers a process of pathological hypertrophy and fibrosis in cardiac endothelial cells, which leads to increased left ventricle filling pressures and, eventually, symptoms of heart failure. Numerous recent major clinical trials that have examined various therapies aimed at improving mortality in HFpEF have emerged empty-handed and thus the search for effective management strategies continues. Over the last several years, there have been many new developments in the field of antisense oligonucleotide-based therapeutics, which involves using noncoding nucleic acid particles such as microRNA and small interfering RNA to repress the expression of specific messenger RNA. In this article, we review the concept of using oligonucleotide-based therapeutics to prevent or treat HFpEF by targeting a specific microRNA that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy, microRNA-21 (miR-21). We review the various evidence that implicates miR-21 in the process of myocardial fibrosis and discuss recent attempts to use antimiR-21 compounds to prevent fibrosis. We also discuss proposed methods for screening patients at high risk for HFpEF for diastolic dysfunction in order to determine which patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ben-Nun
- Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, NY St..., 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - L Maximilian Buja
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School
| | - Francisco Fuentes
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School
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43
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Tang R, Long T, Lui KO, Chen Y, Huang ZP. A Roadmap for Fixing the Heart: RNA Regulatory Networks in Cardiac Disease. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 20:673-686. [PMID: 32380417 PMCID: PMC7210385 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With the continuous development of RNA biology and massive genome-wide transcriptome analysis, more and more RNA molecules and their functions have been explored in the last decade. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that RNA-related regulatory networks play an important role in a variety of human diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we focus on RNA regulatory networks in heart disease, most of which are devastating conditions with no known cure. We systemically summarize recent discoveries of important new components of RNA regulatory networks, including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, as well as multiple regulators that affect the activity of these networks in cardiac physiology and pathology. In addition, this review covers emerging micropeptides, which represent short open reading frames (sORFs) in long non-coding RNA transcripts that may modulate cardiac physiology. Based on the current knowledge of RNA regulatory networks, we think that ongoing discoveries will not only provide us a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie heart disease, but will also identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianxin Long
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kathy O Lui
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yili Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhan-Peng Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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44
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Ruiz-Camp J, Quantius J, Lignelli E, Arndt PF, Palumbo F, Nardiello C, Surate Solaligue DE, Sakkas E, Mižíková I, Rodríguez-Castillo JA, Vadász I, Richardson WD, Ahlbrecht K, Herold S, Seeger W, Morty RE. Targeting miR-34a/ Pdgfra interactions partially corrects alveologenesis in experimental bronchopulmonary dysplasia. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 11:emmm.201809448. [PMID: 30770339 PMCID: PMC6404112 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common complication of preterm birth characterized by arrested lung alveolarization, which generates lungs that are incompetent for effective gas exchange. We report here deregulated expression of miR‐34a in a hyperoxia‐based mouse model of BPD, where miR‐34a expression was markedly increased in platelet‐derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)α‐expressing myofibroblasts, a cell type critical for proper lung alveolarization. Global deletion of miR‐34a; and inducible, conditional deletion of miR‐34a in PDGFRα+ cells afforded partial protection to the developing lung against hyperoxia‐induced perturbations to lung architecture. Pdgfra mRNA was identified as the relevant miR‐34a target, and using a target site blocker in vivo, the miR‐34a/Pdgfra interaction was validated as a causal actor in arrested lung development. An antimiR directed against miR‐34a partially restored PDGFRα+ myofibroblast abundance and improved lung alveolarization in newborn mice in an experimental BPD model. We present here the first identification of a pathology‐relevant microRNA/mRNA target interaction in aberrant lung alveolarization and highlight the translational potential of targeting the miR‐34a/Pdgfra interaction to manage arrested lung development associated with preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Ruiz-Camp
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Quantius
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Ettore Lignelli
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Philipp F Arndt
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Francesco Palumbo
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Claudio Nardiello
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - David E Surate Solaligue
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Elpidoforos Sakkas
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Ivana Mižíková
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - José Alberto Rodríguez-Castillo
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - István Vadász
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - William D Richardson
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Katrin Ahlbrecht
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Rory E Morty
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany .,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
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Meta-Analysis of the Potential Role of miRNA-21 in Cardiovascular System Function Monitoring. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4525410. [PMID: 32337248 PMCID: PMC7150722 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4525410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short and noncoding RNA fragments that bind to the messenger RNA. They have different roles in many physiological or pathological processes. MicroRNA-21, one of the first miRNAs discovered, is encoded by the MIR21 gene and is located on the chromosomal positive strand 17q23.2. MicroRNA-21 is transcribed by polymerase II and has its own promoter sequence, although it is in an intron. It is intra- and extracellular and can be found in many body fluids, alone or combined with another molecule. It regulates many signalling pathways and therefore plays an important role in the cardiovascular system. Indeed, it is involved in the differentiation and migration of endothelial cells and angiogenesis. It contributes to the reconstruction of a myocardial infarction, and it can also act as a cellular connector or as an antagonist to cardiac cell apoptosis. By playing all these roles, it can be interesting to use it as a biomarker, especially for cardiovascular diseases.
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Baskara-Yhuellou I, Tost J. The impact of microRNAs on alterations of gene regulatory networks in allergic diseases. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2020; 120:237-312. [PMID: 32085883 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Allergic diseases including asthma are worldwide on the rise and contribute significantly to health expenditures. Allergic diseases are prototypic diseases with a strong gene by environment interaction component and epigenetic mechanisms might mediate the effects of the environment on the disease phenotype. MicroRNAs, small non-coding RNAs (miRNAs), regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. Functional single-stranded miRNAs are generated in multiple steps of enzymatic processing from their precursors and mature miRNAs are included into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). They imperfectly base-pair with the 3'UTR region of targeted genes leading to translational repression or mRNA decay. The cellular context and microenvironment as well the isoform of the mRNA control the dynamics and complexity of the regulatory circuits induced by miRNAs that regulate cell fate decisions and function. MiR-21, miR-146a/b and miR-155 are among the best understood miRNAs of the immune system and implicated in different diseases including allergic diseases. MiRNAs are implicated in the induction of the allergy reinforcing the Th2 phenotype (miR-19a, miR-24, miR-27), while other miRNAs promote regulatory T cells associated with allergen tolerance or unresponsiveness. In the current chapter we describe in detail the biogenesis and regulatory function of miRNAs and summarize current knowledge on miRNAs in allergic diseases and allergy relevant cell fate decisions focusing mainly on immune cells. Furthermore, we evoke the principles of regulatory loops and feedback mechanisms involving miRNAs on examples with relevance for allergic diseases. Finally, we show the potential of miRNAs and exosomes containing miRNAs present in several biological fluids that can be exploited with non-invasive procedures for diagnostic and potentially therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indoumady Baskara-Yhuellou
- Laboratory for Epigenetics & Environment, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, CEA-Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Evry, France
| | - Jörg Tost
- Laboratory for Epigenetics & Environment, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, CEA-Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Evry, France
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47
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The association between microRNA-21 and hypertension-induced cardiac remodeling. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226053. [PMID: 32040481 PMCID: PMC7010249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a major public health problem among the aging population worldwide. It causes cardiac remodeling, including hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis, which leads to development of hypertensive heart disease (HHD). Although microRNA-21 (miR-21) is associated with fibrogenesis in multiple organs, its contribution to cardiac remodeling in hypertension is poorly understood. Circulating miR-21 level was higher in patients with HHD than that in the control subjects. It also positively correlated with serum myocardial fibrotic markers. MiR-21 expression levels were significantly upregulated in the mice hearts after angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion or transverse aortic constriction (TAC) compared with control mice. Expression level of programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4), a main target of miR-21, was significantly decreased in Ang II infused mice and TAC mice compared with control mice. Expression levels of transcriptional activator protein 1 (AP-1) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), which were downstream targets of PDCD4, were increased in Ang II infused mice and TAC mice compared with control mice. In vitro, mirVana-miR-21-specific inhibitor attenuated Ang II-induced PDCD4 downregulation and contributed to subsequent deactivation of AP-1/TGF-β1 signaling pathway in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Thus, suppression of miR-21 prevents hypertrophic stimulation-induced cardiac remodeling by regulating PDCD4, AP-1, and TGF-β1 signaling pathway.
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Mirzadeh Azad F, Arabian M, Maleki M, Malakootian M. Small Molecules with Big Impacts on Cardiovascular Diseases. Biochem Genet 2020; 58:359-383. [PMID: 31997044 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-020-09948-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although in recent years there has been a significant progress in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of CVD, but due to their complex pathobiology, developing novel biomarkers and therapeutic interventions are still in need. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a fraction of non-coding RNAs that act as micro-regulators of gene expression. Mounting evidences over the last decade confirmed that microRNAs were deregulated in several CVDs and manipulating their expression could affect homeostasis, differentiation, and function of cardiovascular system. Here, we review the current knowledge concerning the roles of miRNAs in cardiovascular diseases with more details on cardiac remodeling, arrhythmias, and atherosclerosis. In addition, we discuss the latest findings on the potential therapeutic applications of miRNAs in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mirzadeh Azad
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maedeh Arabian
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Maleki
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Malakootian
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Modulation of polycystic kidney disease by non-coding RNAs. Cell Signal 2020; 71:109548. [PMID: 31982550 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, evolutionarily conserved, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that function as inhibitors of post-transcriptional mRNA expression. They are implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including many common kidney conditions. In this review, we focus on how miRNAs impact autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) progression. We also discuss the feasibility of the emerging novel antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) drug class, which includes anti-miRNA drugs, for the treatment of ADPKD. RECENT FINDINGS Aberrant miRNA expression is observed in multiple PKD murine models and human ADPKD samples. Gain and loss-of-function studies have directly linked dysregulated miRNA activity to kidney cyst growth. The most comprehensively studied miRNA in PKD is the miR-17 family, which promotes PKD progression through the rewiring of cyst metabolism and by directly inhibiting PKD1 and PKD2 expression. This discovery has led to the development of an anti-miR-17 drug for ADPKD treatment. Other miRNAs such as miR-21, miR-193, and miR-214 are also known to regulate cyst growth by modulating cyst epithelial apoptosis, proliferation, and interstitial inflammation. SUMMARY miRNAs have emerged as novel pathogenic regulators of ADPKD progression. Anti-miR-based drugs represent a new therapeutic modality to treat ADPKD patients.
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Powers JC, Sabri A, Al-Bataineh D, Chotalia D, Guo X, Tsipenyuk F, Berretta R, Kavitha P, Gopi H, Houser SR, Khan M, Tsai EJ, Recchia FA. Differential microRNA-21 and microRNA-221 Upregulation in the Biventricular Failing Heart Reveals Distinct Stress Responses of Right Versus Left Ventricular Fibroblasts. Circ Heart Fail 2020; 13:e006426. [PMID: 31916447 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.119.006426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The failing right ventricle (RV) does not respond like the left ventricle (LV) to guideline-directed medical therapy of heart failure, perhaps due to interventricular differences in their molecular pathophysiology. METHODS Using the canine tachypacing-induced biventricular heart failure (HF) model, we tested the hypothesis that interventricular differences in microRNAs (miRs) expression distinguish failing RV from failing LV. RESULTS Severe RV dysfunction was indicated by elevated end-diastolic pressure (11.3±2.5 versus 5.7±2.0 mm Hg; P<0.0001) and diminished fractional area change (24.9±7.1 versus 48.0±3.6%; P<0.0001) relative to prepacing baselines. Microarray analysis of ventricular tissue revealed that miR-21 and miR-221, 2 activators of profibrotic and proliferative processes, increased the most, at 4- and 2-fold, respectively, in RV-HF versus RV-Control. Neither miR-21 or miR-221 was statistically significantly different in LV-HF versus LV-Control. These changes were accompanied by more extensive fibrosis in RV-HF than LV-HF. To test whether miR-21 and miR-221 upregulation is specific to RV cellular response to mechanical and hormonal stimuli associated with HF, we subjected fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes isolated from normal canine RV and LV to cyclic overstretch and aldosterone. These 2 stressors markedly upregulated miR-21 and miR-221 in RV fibroblasts but not in LV fibroblasts nor cardiomyocytes of either ventricle. Furthermore, miR-21/221 knockdown significantly attenuated RV but not LV fibroblast proliferation. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel, biological difference between RV and LV fibroblasts that might underlie distinctions in pathological remodeling of the RV in biventricular HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery C Powers
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (J.C.P, A.S., D.A.-B., D.C., X.G., F.T., R.B., P.K., H.G., S.R.H., F.A.R.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Abdelkarim Sabri
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (J.C.P, A.S., D.A.-B., D.C., X.G., F.T., R.B., P.K., H.G., S.R.H., F.A.R.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dalia Al-Bataineh
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (J.C.P, A.S., D.A.-B., D.C., X.G., F.T., R.B., P.K., H.G., S.R.H., F.A.R.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dhruv Chotalia
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (J.C.P, A.S., D.A.-B., D.C., X.G., F.T., R.B., P.K., H.G., S.R.H., F.A.R.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Xinji Guo
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (J.C.P, A.S., D.A.-B., D.C., X.G., F.T., R.B., P.K., H.G., S.R.H., F.A.R.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Florence Tsipenyuk
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (J.C.P, A.S., D.A.-B., D.C., X.G., F.T., R.B., P.K., H.G., S.R.H., F.A.R.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Remus Berretta
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (J.C.P, A.S., D.A.-B., D.C., X.G., F.T., R.B., P.K., H.G., S.R.H., F.A.R.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Pavithra Kavitha
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (J.C.P, A.S., D.A.-B., D.C., X.G., F.T., R.B., P.K., H.G., S.R.H., F.A.R.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Heramba Gopi
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (J.C.P, A.S., D.A.-B., D.C., X.G., F.T., R.B., P.K., H.G., S.R.H., F.A.R.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Steven R Houser
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (J.C.P, A.S., D.A.-B., D.C., X.G., F.T., R.B., P.K., H.G., S.R.H., F.A.R.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mohsin Khan
- the Center for Translational Medicine (M.K.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Emily J Tsai
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (J.C.P, A.S., D.A.-B., D.C., X.G., F.T., R.B., P.K., H.G., S.R.H., F.A.R.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (E.J.T.)
| | - Fabio A Recchia
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (J.C.P, A.S., D.A.-B., D.C., X.G., F.T., R.B., P.K., H.G., S.R.H., F.A.R.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.,Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa; and Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.A.R.)
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