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Mottareale R, Frascogna C, La Verde G, Arrichiello C, Muto P, Netti PA, Fusco S, Panzetta V, Pugliese M. Impact of ionizing radiation on cell-ECM mechanical crosstalk in breast cancer. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1408789. [PMID: 38903185 PMCID: PMC11187264 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1408789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The stiffness of the extracellular matrix plays a crucial role in cell motility and spreading, influencing cell morphology through cytoskeleton organization and transmembrane proteins' expression. In this context, mechanical characterization of both cells and the extracellular matrix gains prominence for enhanced diagnostics and clinical decision-making. Here, we investigate the combined effect of mechanotransduction and ionizing radiations on altering cells' mechanical properties, analysing mammary cell lines (MCF10A and MDA-MB-231) after X-ray radiotherapy (2 and 10 Gy). We found that ionizing radiations sensitively affect adenocarcinoma cells cultured on substrates mimicking cancerous tissue stiffness (15 kPa), inducing an increased structuration of paxillin-rich focal adhesions and cytoskeleton: this process translates in the augmentation of tension at the actin filaments level, causing cellular stiffness and consequently affecting cytoplasmatic/nuclear morphologies. Deeper exploration of the intricate interplay between mechanical factors and radiation should provide novel strategies to orient clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Mottareale
- Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems E. Caianiello (CNR-ISASI), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Crescenzo Frascogna
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare @CRIB, Italian Institute of Technology, Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe La Verde
- Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cecilia Arrichiello
- Radiotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Muto
- Radiotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo A. Netti
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare @CRIB, Italian Institute of Technology, Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sabato Fusco
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare @CRIB, Italian Institute of Technology, Naples, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Valeria Panzetta
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare @CRIB, Italian Institute of Technology, Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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2
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Zhang Y, Liu Z, Yu L, Fan A, Li Y, Li X, Chen W. Integrative bioinformatics approach yields a novel gene expression risk model for prognosis and progression prediction in prostate cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18405. [PMID: 38842134 PMCID: PMC11154836 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa), a prevalent malignancy among elderly males, exhibits a notable rate of advancement, even when subjected to conventional androgen deprivation therapy or chemotherapy. An effective progression prediction model would prove invaluable in identifying patients with a higher progression risk. Using bioinformatics strategies, we integrated diverse data sets of PCa to construct a novel risk model predicated on gene expression and progression-free survival (PFS). The accuracy of the model was assessed through validation using an independent data set. Eight genes were discerned as independent prognostic factors and included in the prediction model. Patients assigned to the high-risk cohort demonstrated a diminished PFS, and the areas under the curve of our model in the validation set for 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year PFS were 0.9325, 0.9041 and 0.9070, respectively. Additionally, through the application of single-cell RNA sequencing to two castration-related prostate cancer (CRPC) samples and two hormone-related prostate cancer (HSPC) samples, we discovered that luminal cells within CRPC exhibited an elevated risk score. Subsequent molecular biology experiments corroborated our findings, illustrating heightened SYK expression levels within tumour tissues and its contribution to cancer cell migration. We found that the knockdown of SYK could inhibit migration in PCa cells. Our progression-related risk model demonstrated the potential prognostic value of SYK and indicated its potential as a target for future diagnosis and treatment strategies in PCa management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Zhang
- Department of UrologyZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhuolin Liu
- School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Liu Yu
- School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Aoyu Fan
- Department of UrologyZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yunpeng Li
- Department of UrologyZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaobo Li
- School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of UrologyZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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3
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Brock K, Alpha KM, Brennan G, De Jong EP, Luke E, Turner CE. A comparative analysis of paxillin and Hic-5 proximity interactomes. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38801098 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Focal adhesions serve as structural and signaling hubs, facilitating bidirectional communication at the cell-extracellular matrix interface. Paxillin and the related Hic-5 (TGFβ1i1) are adaptor/scaffold proteins that recruit numerous structural and regulatory proteins to focal adhesions, where they perform both overlapping and discrete functions. In this study, paxillin and Hic-5 were expressed in U2OS osteosarcoma cells as biotin ligase (BioID2) fusion proteins and used as bait proteins for proximity-dependent biotinylation in order to directly compare their respective interactomes. The fusion proteins localized to both focal adhesions and the centrosome, resulting in biotinylation of components of each of these structures. Biotinylated proteins were purified and analyzed by mass spectrometry. The list of proximity interactors for paxillin and Hic-5 comprised numerous shared core focal adhesion proteins that likely contribute to their similar functions in cell adhesion and migration, as well as proteins unique to paxillin and Hic-5 that have been previously localized to focal adhesions, the centrosome, or the nucleus. Western blotting confirmed biotinylation and enrichment of FAK and vinculin, known interactors of Hic-5 and paxillin, as well as several potentially unique proximity interactors of Hic-5 and paxillin, including septin 7 and ponsin, respectively. Further investigation into the functional relationship between the unique interactors and Hic-5 or paxillin may yield novel insights into their distinct roles in cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Brock
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Kyle M Alpha
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Grant Brennan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Ebbing P De Jong
- Proteomics Core Facility, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Elizabeth Luke
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Christopher E Turner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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4
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Weidner AE, Roy A, Vann K, Walczyk AC, Astapova O. Paxillin regulates androgen receptor expression associated with granulosa cell focal adhesions. Mol Hum Reprod 2024; 30:gaae018. [PMID: 38718206 PMCID: PMC11136451 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Paxillin is a ubiquitously expressed adaptor protein integral to focal adhesions, cell motility, and apoptosis. Paxillin has also recently been implicated as a mediator of nongenomic androgen receptor (AR) signaling in prostate cancer and other cells. We sought to investigate the relationship between paxillin and AR in granulosa cells (GCs), where androgen actions, apoptosis, and focal adhesions are of known importance, but where the role of paxillin is understudied. We recently showed that paxillin knockout in mouse GCs increases fertility in older mice. Here, we demonstrate that paxillin knockdown in human granulosa-derived KGN cells, as well as knockout in mouse primary GCs, results in reduced AR protein but not reduced mRNA expression. Further, we find that both AR protein and mRNA half-lives are reduced by approximately one-third in the absence of paxillin, but that cells adapt to chronic loss of paxillin by upregulating AR gene expression. Using co-immunofluorescence and proximity ligation assays, we show that paxillin and AR co-localize at the plasma membrane in GCs in a focal adhesion kinase-dependent way, and that disruption of focal adhesions leads to reduced AR protein level. Our findings suggest that paxillin recruits AR to the GC membrane, where it may be sequestered from proteasomal degradation and poised for nongenomic signaling, as reported in other tissues. To investigate the physiological significance of this in disorders of androgen excess, we tested the effect of GC-specific paxillin knockout in a mouse model of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) induced by chronic postnatal dihydrotestosterone (DHT) exposure. While none of the control mice had estrous cycles, 33% of paxillin knockout mice were cycling, indicating that paxillin deletion may offer partial protection from the negative effects of androgen excess by reducing AR expression. Paxillin-knockout GCs from mice with DHT-induced PCOS also produced more estradiol than GCs from littermate controls. Thus, paxillin may be a novel target in the management of androgen-related disorders in women, such as PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide E Weidner
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Anna Roy
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kenji Vann
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ariana C Walczyk
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Olga Astapova
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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5
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Kalyanaraman H, Casteel DE, China SP, Zhuang S, Boss GR, Pilz RB. A plasma membrane-associated form of the androgen receptor enhances nuclear androgen signaling in osteoblasts and prostate cancer cells. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadi7861. [PMID: 38289986 PMCID: PMC10916501 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adi7861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Androgen binding to the androgen receptor (AR) in the cytoplasm induces the AR to translocate to the nucleus, where it regulates the expression of target genes. Here, we found that androgens rapidly activated a plasma membrane-associated signaling node that enhanced nuclear AR functions. In murine primary osteoblasts, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) binding to a membrane-associated form of AR stimulated plasma membrane-associated protein kinase G type 2 (PKG2), leading to the activation of multiple kinases, including ERK. Phosphorylation of AR at Ser515 by ERK increased the nuclear accumulation and binding of AR to the promoter of Ctnnb1, which encodes the transcription factor β-catenin. In male mouse osteoblasts and human prostate cancer cells, DHT induced the expression of Ctnnb1 and CTNN1B, respectively, as well as β-catenin target genes, stimulating the proliferation, survival, and differentiation of osteoblasts and the proliferation of prostate cancer cells in a PKG2-dependent fashion. Because β-catenin is a master regulator of skeletal homeostasis, these results explain the reported male-specific osteoporotic phenotype of mice lacking PKG2 in osteoblasts and imply that PKG2-dependent AR signaling is essential for maintaining bone mass in vivo. Our results suggest that widely used pharmacological PKG activators, such as sildenafil, could be beneficial for male and estrogen-deficient female patients with osteoporosis but detrimental in patients with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema Kalyanaraman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Darren E. Casteel
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shyamsundar Pal China
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shunhui Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gerry R. Boss
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Renate B. Pilz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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6
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Samaržija I. The Potential of Extracellular Matrix- and Integrin Adhesion Complex-Related Molecules for Prostate Cancer Biomarker Discovery. Biomedicines 2023; 12:79. [PMID: 38255186 PMCID: PMC10813710 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is among the top five cancer types according to incidence and mortality. One of the main obstacles in prostate cancer management is the inability to foresee its course, which ranges from slow growth throughout years that requires minimum or no intervention to highly aggressive disease that spreads quickly and resists treatment. Therefore, it is not surprising that numerous studies have attempted to find biomarkers of prostate cancer occurrence, risk stratification, therapy response, and patient outcome. However, only a few prostate cancer biomarkers are used in clinics, which shows how difficult it is to find a novel biomarker. Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) through integrins is among the essential processes that govern its fate. Upon activation and ligation, integrins form multi-protein intracellular structures called integrin adhesion complexes (IACs). In this review article, the focus is put on the biomarker potential of the ECM- and IAC-related molecules stemming from both body fluids and prostate cancer tissue. The processes that they are involved in, such as tumor stiffening, bone turnover, and communication via exosomes, and their biomarker potential are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Samaržija
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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7
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Vann K, Weidner AE, Walczyk AC, Astapova O. Paxillin knockout in mouse granulosa cells increases fecundity†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:669-683. [PMID: 37552051 PMCID: PMC10651069 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Paxillin is an intracellular adaptor protein involved in focal adhesions, cell response to stress, steroid signaling, and apoptosis in reproductive tissues. To investigate the role of paxillin in granulosa cells, we created a granulosa-specific paxillin knockout mouse model using Cre recombinase driven by the Anti-Müllerian hormone receptor 2 gene promoter. Female granulosa-specific paxillin knockout mice demonstrated increased fertility in later reproductive age, resulting in higher number of offspring when bred continuously up to 26 weeks of age. This was not due to increased numbers of estrous cycles, ovulated oocytes per cycle, or pups per litter, but this was due to shorter time to pregnancy and increased number of litters in the granulosa-specific paxillin knockout mice. The number of ovarian follicles was not significantly affected by the knockout at 30 weeks of age. Granulosa-specific paxillin knockout mice had slightly altered estrous cycles but no difference in circulating reproductive hormone levels. Knockout of paxillin using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) in human granulosa-derived immortalized KGN cells did not affect cell proliferation or migration. However, in cultured primary mouse granulosa cells, paxillin knockout reduced cell death under basal culture conditions. We conclude that paxillin knockout in granulosa cells increases female fecundity in older reproductive age mice, possibly by reducing granulosa cell death. This study implicates paxillin and its signaling network as potential granulosa cell targets in the management of age-related subfertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Vann
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Adelaide E Weidner
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ariana C Walczyk
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Olga Astapova
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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8
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Liu W, Huang X, Luo W, Liu X, Chen W. The Role of Paxillin Aberrant Expression in Cancer and Its Potential as a Target for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098245. [PMID: 37175948 PMCID: PMC10179295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Paxillin is a multi-domain adaptor protein. As an important member of focal adhesion (FA) and a participant in regulating cell movement, paxillin plays an important role in physiological processes such as nervous system development, embryonic development, and vascular development. However, increasing evidence suggests that paxillin is aberrantly expressed in many cancers. Many scholars have also recognized that the abnormal expression of paxillin is related to the prognosis, metastases, invasion, survival, angiogenesis, and other aspects of malignant tumors, suggesting that paxillin may be a potential cancer therapeutic target. Therefore, the study of how aberrant paxillin expression affects the process of tumorigenesis and metastasis will help to develop more efficacious antitumor drugs. Herein, we review the structure of paxillin and its function and expression in tumors, paying special attention to the multifaceted effects of paxillin on tumors, the mechanism of tumorigenesis and progression, and its potential role in tumor therapy. We also hope to provide a reference for the clinical prognosis and development of new tumor therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixian Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Xinxian Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Weizhao Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Xinguang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Weichun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
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9
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Li Y, Xiao N, Liu M, Liu Y, He A, Wang L, Luo H, Yao Y, Sun H. Dysregulation of steroid metabolome in follicular fluid links phthalate exposure to diminished ovarian reserve of childbearing-age women. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 330:121730. [PMID: 37116568 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of phthalates (PAEs) has drawn increasing attention due to their endocrine disruption and reproductive toxicity, while the steroid metabolome is essential for follicular development. However, the mechanism by which PAE exposure affects ovarian reserve through the steroid metabolome remains unclear. This study recruited 264 childbearing-age women in Tianjin (China) from April 2019 to August 2020 in a cross-sectional design. Target metabolome analysis of 16 steroids was performed in follicular fluid (FF) to compare diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) against normal ovarian reserve (NOR) women and differential steroids were identified using binary logistic analyses. Further analysis of eleven PAE metabolites (mPAEs) in FF was conducted, and the retrieved oocyte number (RON) representing ovarian reserve was counted. Multiple linear regression and quantile-based g-computation (qgcomp) models were used to associate individual mPAEs and mPAE mixture with the DOR-related differential steroids in FF. Mediation analysis was used to discuss the mediating effect of DOR-related steroids on the association between mPAEs and RON. Androstenedione (A4), corticosterone (CORT), cortisol (COR) and cortisone were significantly down-regulated in FF from women with DOR. Nine mPAEs with detection frequencies greater than 60% and median concentrations of 0.02-4.86 ng/mL were incorporated into statistical models. Negative associations with COR and CORT were found for mono-ethyl phthalate (mEP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (mEOHP), and mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (mEHP). A positive association with cortisone was found for mEOHP, mEHP, monobutyl phthalate (mBP), and mono (2-isobutyl) phthalate (miBP). The qgcomp and mediation analyses revealed that mEP and mEOHP not only significantly contributed to the decline of COR and CORT in the mixed exposure but also indirectly reduced RON through the mediating effects of COR and CORT. In conclusion, PAE exposure may decrease ovarian reserve by downregulating COR and CORT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcheng Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Xiao
- Department of Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Nankai University Affiliated Maternity Hospital/ Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Capital Medical University Affiliated Shijitan Hospital, No. 10, Tieyi Road, Yangfangdian Street, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yarui Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ana He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haining Luo
- Department of Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Nankai University Affiliated Maternity Hospital/ Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Yiming Yao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Hongwen Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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10
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Meng LQ, Zhang LY, Xu WZ. Paxillin is a potential prognostic biomarker associated with immune cell infiltration in ovarian cancer. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14095. [PMID: 36923874 PMCID: PMC10009461 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the expression, prognosis, and underlying mechanism of Paxillin (PXN) in ovarian cancer. Materials and methods By comprehensive use of various bioinformatics tools, we analyzed the expression of PXN and its prognostic value in ovarian cancer. Then, the enrichment analyses were conducted to determine the possible regulatory pathways PXN involved in ovarian cancer. Finally, the associations of PXN expression with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoints were analyzed. Results PXN was highly expressed in ovarian cancer and its expression could independently predict the overall survival of ovarian cancer patients. More importantly, PXN had a superior ability in predicting long-term survival than age and tumor residual disease in ovarian cancer patients. In addition, PXN was positively related to adherens junction and tight junction pathways. Significant negative relationships between PXN expression and immune infiltrates were observed, however, PXN was positively connected with immune checkpoint (VSIR) in ovarian cancer. Conclusions PXN serves as a reliable prognostic biomarker and may be a potent therapeutic target for ovarian cancer. Moreover, high PXN expression may affect ovarian cancer progression via positive regulation of metastasis-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qun Meng
- Operating Room, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling-Yan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Zhi Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China
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11
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Roy S, Abudu A, Salinas I, Sinha N, Cline-Fedewa H, Yaw AM, Qi W, Lydic TA, Takahashi DL, Hennebold JD, Hoffmann HM, Wang J, Sen A. Androgen-mediated Perturbation of the Hepatic Circadian System Through Epigenetic Modulation Promotes NAFLD in PCOS Mice. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6657796. [PMID: 35933634 PMCID: PMC9419696 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In women, excess androgen causes polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common fertility disorder with comorbid metabolic dysfunctions including diabetes, obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Using a PCOS mouse model, this study shows that chronic high androgen levels cause hepatic steatosis while hepatocyte-specific androgen receptor (AR)-knockout rescues this phenotype. Moreover, through RNA-sequencing and metabolomic studies, we have identified key metabolic genes and pathways affected by hyperandrogenism. Our studies reveal that a large number of metabolic genes are directly regulated by androgens through AR binding to androgen response element sequences on the promoter region of these genes. Interestingly, a number of circadian genes are also differentially regulated by androgens. In vivo and in vitro studies using a circadian reporter [Period2::Luciferase (Per2::LUC)] mouse model demonstrate that androgens can directly disrupt the hepatic timing system, which is a key regulator of liver metabolism. Consequently, studies show that androgens decrease H3K27me3, a gene silencing mark on the promoter of core clock genes, by inhibiting the expression of histone methyltransferase, Ezh2, while inducing the expression of the histone demethylase, JMJD3, which is responsible for adding and removing the H3K27me3 mark, respectively. Finally, we report that under hyperandrogenic conditions, some of the same circadian/metabolic genes that are upregulated in the mouse liver are also elevated in nonhuman primate livers. In summary, these studies not only provide an overall understanding of how hyperandrogenism associated with PCOS affects liver gene expression and metabolism but also offer insight into the underlying mechanisms leading to hepatic steatosis in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Niharika Sinha
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Holly Cline-Fedewa
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Alexandra M Yaw
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Wenjie Qi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Todd A Lydic
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Core, Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Jon D Hennebold
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Hanne M Hoffmann
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jianrong Wang
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Aritro Sen
- Correspondence: Aritro Sen, PhD, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Sciences, 766 Service Rd, Interdisciplinary Science & Technology Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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12
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Huang Z, Wang H, Sun D, Liu J. Identification of Paxillin as a Prognostic Factor for Glioblastoma via Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7171126. [PMID: 35782068 PMCID: PMC9246607 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7171126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent and aggressive type of brain tumor in the central nervous system. Clinical outcomes for patients with GBM are unsatisfactory. Here, we aimed to identify novel, reliable prognostic factors for GBM. Cox and interactive analyses were used to identify hub genes from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas datasets. After validation using various cohorts, survival analysis, meta-analysis, and prognostic analysis were performed. Coexpression and enrichment analyses were performed to elucidate the biological pathways of hub genes involved in GBM. ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT methods were applied to analyze the association of hub genes with the tumor microenvironment (TME). Paxillin (PXN) was identified as a hub gene with a high expression in GBM. PXN expression was negatively correlated with overall survival, progression-free survival, and disease-free survival in patients with GBM. Meta-analysis and Cox analysis revealed that PXN could act as an independent prognostic factor in GBM. In addition, PXN was significantly coexpressed with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and transforming growth factor β1 and participated in focal adhesion, extracellular matrix/receptor interactions, and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT signaling pathway. The results of ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT analyses revealed that PXN was implicated in TME alterations, particularly the infiltration of regulatory T cells, activated memory T cells, and activated natural killer cells. PXN may be a reliable prognostic factor for GBM. Further studies are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhehao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hailiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongjie Sun
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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13
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Roy S, Sinha N, Huang B, Cline-Fedewa H, Gleicher N, Wang J, Sen A. Jumonji Domain-containing Protein-3 (JMJD3/Kdm6b) Is Critical for Normal Ovarian Function and Female Fertility. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6565906. [PMID: 35396990 PMCID: PMC9070484 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In females, reproductive success is dependent on the expression of a number of genes regulated at different levels, one of which is through epigenetic modulation. How a specific epigenetic modification regulates gene expression and their downstream effect on ovarian function are important for understanding the female reproductive process. The trimethylation of histone3 at lysine27 (H3K27me3) is associated with gene repression. JMJD3 (or KDM6b), a jumonji domain-containing histone demethylase specifically catalyzes the demethylation of H3K27me3, that positively influences gene expression. This study reports that the expression of JMJD3 specifically in the ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) is critical for maintaining normal female fertility. Conditional deletion of Jmjd3 in the GCs results in a decreased number of total healthy follicles, disrupted estrous cycle, and increased follicular atresia culminating in subfertility and premature ovarian failure. At the molecular level, the depletion of Jmjd3 and RNA-seq analysis reveal that JMJD3 is essential for mitochondrial function. JMJD3-mediated reduction of H3K27me3 induces the expression of Lif (Leukemia inhibitory factor) and Ctnnb1 (β-catenin), that in turn regulate the expression of key mitochondrial genes critical for the electron transport chain. Moreover, mitochondrial DNA content is also significantly decreased in Jmjd3 null GCs. Additionally, we have uncovered that the expression of Jmjd3 in GCs decreases with age, both in mice and in humans. Thus, in summary, our studies highlight the critical role of JMJD3 in nuclear-mitochondrial genome coordination that is essential for maintaining normal ovarian function and female fertility and underscore a potential role of JMJD3 in female reproductive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambit Roy
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Niharika Sinha
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Binbin Huang
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Holly Cline-Fedewa
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | | | - Jianrong Wang
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Aritro Sen
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence: Aritro Sen, PhD, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Sciences, 766 Service Rd, Interdisciplinary Science & Technology Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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14
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Kachaev ZM, Ivashchenko SD, Kozlov EN, Lebedeva LA, Shidlovskii YV. Localization and Functional Roles of Components of the Translation Apparatus in the Eukaryotic Cell Nucleus. Cells 2021; 10:3239. [PMID: 34831461 PMCID: PMC8623629 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Components of the translation apparatus, including ribosomal proteins, have been found in cell nuclei in various organisms. Components of the translation apparatus are involved in various nuclear processes, particularly those associated with genome integrity control and the nuclear stages of gene expression, such as transcription, mRNA processing, and mRNA export. Components of the translation apparatus control intranuclear trafficking; the nuclear import and export of RNA and proteins; and regulate the activity, stability, and functional recruitment of nuclear proteins. The nuclear translocation of these components is often involved in the cell response to stimulation and stress, in addition to playing critical roles in oncogenesis and viral infection. Many components of the translation apparatus are moonlighting proteins, involved in integral cell stress response and coupling of gene expression subprocesses. Thus, this phenomenon represents a significant interest for both basic and applied molecular biology. Here, we provide an overview of the current data regarding the molecular functions of translation factors and ribosomal proteins in the cell nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaur M. Kachaev
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (Z.M.K.); (S.D.I.); (E.N.K.); (L.A.L.)
- Center for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Sergey D. Ivashchenko
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (Z.M.K.); (S.D.I.); (E.N.K.); (L.A.L.)
| | - Eugene N. Kozlov
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (Z.M.K.); (S.D.I.); (E.N.K.); (L.A.L.)
| | - Lyubov A. Lebedeva
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (Z.M.K.); (S.D.I.); (E.N.K.); (L.A.L.)
| | - Yulii V. Shidlovskii
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (Z.M.K.); (S.D.I.); (E.N.K.); (L.A.L.)
- Center for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Department of Biology and General Genetics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119992 Moscow, Russia
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15
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Legerstee K, Houtsmuller AB. A Layered View on Focal Adhesions. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111189. [PMID: 34827182 PMCID: PMC8614905 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The cytoskeleton is a network of protein fibres within cells that provide structure and support intracellular transport. Focal adhesions are protein complexes associated with the outer cell membrane that are found at the ends of specialised actin fibres of this cytoskeleton. They mediate cell adhesion by connecting the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix, a protein and sugar network that surrounds cells in tissues. Focal adhesions also translate forces on actin fibres into forces contributing to cell migration. Cell adhesion and migration are crucial to diverse biological processes such as embryonic development, proper functioning of the immune system or the metastasis of cancer cells. Advances in fluorescence microscopy and data analysis methods provided a more detailed understanding of the dynamic ways in which proteins bind and dissociate from focal adhesions and how they are organised within these protein complexes. In this review, we provide an overview of the advances in the current scientific understanding of focal adhesions and summarize relevant imaging techniques. One of the key insights is that focal adhesion proteins are organised into three layers parallel to the cell membrane. We discuss the relevance of this layered nature for the functioning of focal adhesion. Abstract The cytoskeleton provides structure to cells and supports intracellular transport. Actin fibres are crucial to both functions. Focal Adhesions (FAs) are large macromolecular multiprotein assemblies at the ends of specialised actin fibres linking these to the extracellular matrix. FAs translate forces on actin fibres into forces contributing to cell migration. This review will discuss recent insights into FA protein dynamics and their organisation within FAs, made possible by advances in fluorescence imaging techniques and data analysis methods. Over the last decade, evidence has accumulated that FAs are composed of three layers parallel to the plasma membrane. We focus on some of the most frequently investigated proteins, two from each layer, paxillin and FAK (bottom, integrin signalling layer), vinculin and talin (middle, force transduction layer) and zyxin and VASP (top, actin regulatory layer). Finally, we discuss the potential impact of this layered nature on different aspects of FA behaviour.
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16
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Sinha N, Roy S, Huang B, Wang J, Padmanabhan V, Sen A. Developmental programming: prenatal testosterone-induced epigenetic modulation and its effect on gene expression in sheep ovary†. Biol Reprod 2021; 102:1045-1054. [PMID: 31930385 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal perturbations or sub-optimal conditions during fetal development can predispose the offspring to diseases in adult life. Animal and human studies show that prenatal androgen excess may be an underlying cause of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) later in life. In women, PCOS is a common fertility disorder with comorbid metabolic dysfunction. Here, using a sheep model of PCOS phenotype, we elucidate the epigenetic changes induced by prenatal (30-90 day) testosterone (T) treatment and its effect on gene expression in fetal day 90 (D90) and adult year 2 (Y2) ovaries. RNA-seq study shows 65 and 99 differentially regulated genes in prenatal T-treated fetal and adult ovaries, respectively. Interestingly, there were no differences in gene inducing histone marks H3K27ac, H3K9ac, and H3K4me3 or in gene silencing marks, H3K27me3 and H3K9me3 in the fetal D90 ovaries of control and excess T-exposed fetuses. In contrast, except for H3K4me3 and H3K27me3, all the other histone marks were upregulated in the prenatal T-treated adult Y2 ovary. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) studies in adult Y2 ovaries established a direct relationship between the epigenetic modifications with the upregulated and downregulated genes obtained from RNA-seq. Results show increased gene inducing marks, H3K27ac and H3K9ac, on the promoter region of upregulated genes while gene silencing mark, H3K9me3, was also significantly increased on the downregulated genes. This study provides a mechanistic insight into prenatal T-induced developmental programming and its effect on ovarian gene expression that may contribute to reproductive dysfunction and development of PCOS in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Sinha
- Department of Animal Sciences, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Sambit Roy
- Department of Animal Sciences, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Binbin Huang
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Jianrong Wang
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Aritro Sen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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17
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Interplay of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 in Prostate Cancer: Beyond Androgen Receptor Transactivation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143452. [PMID: 34298665 PMCID: PMC8307975 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers in the world and causes thousands of deaths every year. Conventional therapy for PCa includes surgery and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). However, about 10-20% of all PCa cases relapse; there is also the further development of castration resistant adenocarcinoma (CRPC-Adeno) or neuroendocrine (NE) PCa (CRPC-NE). Due to their androgen-insensitive properties, both CRPC-Adeno and CRPC-NE have limited therapeutic options. Accordingly, this study reveals the inductive mechanisms of CRPC (for both CRPC-Adeno and CRPC-NE) and fulfils an urgent need for the treatment of PCa patients. Although previous studies have illustrated the emerging roles of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR), signal transducer, and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling in the development of CRPC, the regulatory mechanisms of this interaction between EGFR and STAT3 is still unclear. Our recent studies have shown that crosstalk between EGFR and STAT3 is critical for NE differentiation of PCa. In this review, we have collected recent findings with regard to the involvement of EGFR and STAT3 in malignancy progression and discussed their interactions during the development of therapeutic resistance for PCa.
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18
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Aldughaim MS, Al-Anazi MR, Bohol MFF, Colak D, Alothaid H, Wakil SM, Hagos ST, Ali D, Alarifi S, Rout S, Alkahtani S, Al-Ahdal MN, Al-Qahtani AA. Gene Expression and Transcriptome Profiling of Changes in a Cancer Cell Line Post-Exposure to Cadmium Telluride Quantum Dots: Possible Implications in Oncogenesis. Dose Response 2021; 19:15593258211019880. [PMID: 34177396 PMCID: PMC8202281 DOI: 10.1177/15593258211019880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe-QDs) are acquiring great interest in terms of their applications in biomedical sciences. Despite earlier sporadic studies on possible oncogenic roles and anticancer properties of CdTe-QDs, there is limited information regarding the oncogenic potential of CdTe-QDs in cancer progression. Here, we investigated the oncogenic effects of CdTe-QDs on the gene expression profiles of Chang cancer cells. Chang cancer cells were treated with 2 different doses of CdTe-QDs (10 and 25 μg/ml) at different time intervals (6, 12, and 24 h). Functional annotations helped identify the gene expression profile in terms of its biological process, canonical pathways, and gene interaction networks activated. It was found that the gene expression profiles varied in a time and dose-dependent manner. Validation of transcriptional changes of several genes through quantitative PCR showed that several genes upregulated by CdTe-QD exposure were somewhat linked with oncogenesis. CdTe-QD-triggered functional pathways that appear to associate with gene expression, cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, cell-cycle progression, signal transduction, and metabolism. Overall, CdTe-QD exposure led to changes in the gene expression profiles of the Chang cancer cells, highlighting that this nanoparticle can further drive oncogenesis and cancer progression, a finding that indicates the merit of immediate in vivo investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mashael R Al-Anazi
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marie Fe F Bohol
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dilek Colak
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Alothaid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma Majid Wakil
- Genotyping Core Facility, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samya T Hagos
- Genotyping Core Facility, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daoud Ali
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alarifi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sashmita Rout
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed N Al-Ahdal
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Alfaisal University, School of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Al-Qahtani
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Alfaisal University, School of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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19
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δ-Catenin Participates in EGF/AKT/p21 Waf Signaling and Induces Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation and Invasion. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105306. [PMID: 34069970 PMCID: PMC8157876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most leading cause of death in males. Our previous studies have demonstrated that δ-catenin plays an important role in prostate cancer progression. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of δ-catenin has not been fully explored yet. In the present study, we found that δ-catenin could induce phosphorylation of p21Waf and stabilize p21 in the cytoplasm, thus blocking its nuclear accumulation for the first time. We also found that δ-catenin could regulate the interaction between AKT and p21, leading to phosphorylation of p21 at Thr-145 residue. Finally, EGF was found to be a key factor upstream of AKT/δ-catenin/p21 for promoting proliferation and metastasis in prostate cancer. Our findings provide new insights into molecular controls of EGF and the development of potential therapeutics targeting δ-catenin to control prostate cancer progression.
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Hall JM, Korach KS. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and sex steroid receptors. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2021; 92:191-235. [PMID: 34452687 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sex-steroid receptors (SSRs) are essential mediators of estrogen, progestin, and androgen signaling that are critical in vast aspects of human development and multi-organ homeostasis. Dysregulation of SSR function has been implicated in numerous pathologies including cancers, obesity, Type II diabetes mellitus, neuroendocrine disorders, cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, male and female infertility, and other reproductive disorders. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) modulate SSR function in a wide variety of cell and tissues. There exists strong experimental, clinical, and epidemiological evidence that engagement of EDCs with SSRs may disrupt endogenous hormone signaling leading to physiological abnormalities that may manifest in disease. In this chapter, we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which EDCs interact with estrogen, progestin, and androgen receptors and alter SSR functions in target cells. In addition, the pathological consequences of disruption of SSR action in reproductive and other organs by EDCs is described with an emphasis on underlying mechanisms of receptors dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne M Hall
- Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT, United States.
| | - Kenneth S Korach
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, United States
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21
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Roy S, Huang B, Sinha N, Wang J, Sen A. Androgens regulate ovarian gene expression by balancing Ezh2-Jmjd3 mediated H3K27me3 dynamics. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009483. [PMID: 33784295 PMCID: PMC8034747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventionally viewed as male hormone, androgens play a critical role in female fertility. Although androgen receptors (AR) are transcription factors, to date very few direct transcriptional targets of ARs have been identified in the ovary. Using mouse models, this study provides three critical insights about androgen-induced gene regulation in the ovary and its impact on female fertility. First, RNA-sequencing reveals a number of genes and biological processes that were previously not known to be directly regulated by androgens in the ovary. Second, androgens can also influence gene expression by decreasing the tri-methyl mark on lysine 27 of histone3 (H3K27me3), a gene silencing epigenetic mark. ChIP-seq analyses highlight that androgen-induced modulation of H3K27me3 mark within gene bodies, promoters or distal enhancers have a much broader impact on ovarian function than the direct genomic effects of androgens. Third, androgen-induced decrease of H3K27me3 is mediated through (a) inhibiting the expression and activity of Enhancer of Zeste Homologue 2 (EZH2), a histone methyltransferase that promotes tri-methylation of K27 and (b) by inducing the expression of a histone demethylase called Jumonji domain containing protein-3 (JMJD3/KDM6B), responsible for removing the H3K27me3 mark. Androgens through the PI3K/Akt pathway, in a transcription-independent fashion, increase hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) protein levels, which in turn induce JMJD3 expression. Furthermore, proof of concept studies involving in vivo knockdown of Ar in the ovary and ovarian (granulosa) cell-specific Ar knockout mouse model show that ARs regulate the expression of key ovarian genes through modulation of H3K27me3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambit Roy
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Binbin Huang
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Niharika Sinha
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Jianrong Wang
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Aritro Sen
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Liu X, Xu D, Xu X, Xue Q, Gao X, Tang C. MiR-216b regulates the tumorigenesis of gastric cancer by targeting PXN. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 218:153325. [PMID: 33422779 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with tumorigenesis. miR-216b can play a vital role in the genesis and development of gastric cancer (GC), and its molecular mechanisms require further elucidation. METHODS The biological effects of miR-216b in GC cells were investigated by MTT, transwell assays, and cell cycle. Western blot and luciferase assay were performed to demonstrate the direct binding of miR-216b on PXN 3'UTR. Furthermore, MTT, colony formation assays, transwell assays, and flow cytometry analysis, as well as xenograft mice model, were used to measure the effects of miR-216b-PXN on GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion indicated by in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Our results showed that miR-216b acted as a tumor suppressor in GC progression. miR-216b overexpression suppressed GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Luciferase reporter assays identified paxillin (PXN) as a novel target gene of miR-216b. PXN overexpression could partially rescue miR-216b-induced the inhibitory effects in GC cells. Besides, overexpression of miR-216b contributed to the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling via partly regulating PXN in GC cells. CONCLUSIONS The above results showed that miR-216b could offer a novel therapeutic avenue by targeting PXN in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianchen Liu
- Departmentof Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Departmentof Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Departmentof General Surgery, Yancheng NO.1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Xue
- Departmentof Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuesong Gao
- Departmentof General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, No.6 haierxiang North Road, 226000, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chong Tang
- Departmentof General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, No.6 haierxiang North Road, 226000, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
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Dilshat R, Fock V, Kenny C, Gerritsen I, Lasseur RMJ, Travnickova J, Eichhoff OM, Cerny P, Möller K, Sigurbjörnsdóttir S, Kirty K, Einarsdottir BÓ, Cheng PF, Levesque M, Cornell RA, Patton EE, Larue L, de Tayrac M, Magnúsdóttir E, Ögmundsdóttir MH, Steingrimsson E. MITF reprograms the extracellular matrix and focal adhesion in melanoma. eLife 2021; 10:e63093. [PMID: 33438577 PMCID: PMC7857731 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is a critical regulator of melanocyte development and differentiation. It also plays an important role in melanoma where it has been described as a molecular rheostat that, depending on activity levels, allows reversible switching between different cellular states. Here, we show that MITF directly represses the expression of genes associated with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and focal adhesion pathways in human melanoma cells as well as of regulators of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) such as CDH2, thus affecting cell morphology and cell-matrix interactions. Importantly, we show that these effects of MITF are reversible, as expected from the rheostat model. The number of focal adhesion points increased upon MITF knockdown, a feature observed in drug-resistant melanomas. Cells lacking MITF are similar to the cells of minimal residual disease observed in both human and zebrafish melanomas. Our results suggest that MITF plays a critical role as a repressor of gene expression and is actively involved in shaping the microenvironment of melanoma cells in a cell-autonomous manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramile Dilshat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of IcelandReykjavikIceland
| | - Valerie Fock
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of IcelandReykjavikIceland
| | - Colin Kenny
- Department of Anatomy and Cell biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Ilse Gerritsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of IcelandReykjavikIceland
| | - Romain Maurice Jacques Lasseur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of IcelandReykjavikIceland
| | - Jana Travnickova
- MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Ossia M Eichhoff
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Philipp Cerny
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of IcelandReykjavikIceland
| | - Katrin Möller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of IcelandReykjavikIceland
| | - Sara Sigurbjörnsdóttir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of IcelandReykjavikIceland
| | - Kritika Kirty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of IcelandReykjavikIceland
| | - Berglind Ósk Einarsdottir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of IcelandReykjavikIceland
| | - Phil F Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Mitchell Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Robert A Cornell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - E Elizabeth Patton
- MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Lionel Larue
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Centre UniversitaireOrsayFrance
| | - Marie de Tayrac
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, CHURennesFrance
- Univ Rennes1, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)RennesFrance
| | - Erna Magnúsdóttir
- Department of Anatomy, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of IcelandReykjavikIceland
| | - Margrét Helga Ögmundsdóttir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of IcelandReykjavikIceland
| | - Eirikur Steingrimsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of IcelandReykjavikIceland
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24
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The hidden role of paxillin: localization to nucleus promotes tumor angiogenesis. Oncogene 2020; 40:384-395. [PMID: 33149280 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01517-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Paxillin (PXN), a key component of the focal adhesion complex, has been associated with cancer progression, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to elucidate mechanisms by which PXN affects cancer growth and progression, which we addressed using cancer patient data, cell lines, and orthotopic mouse models. We demonstrated a previously unrecognized mechanism whereby nuclear PXN enhances angiogenesis by transcriptionally regulating SRC expression. SRC, in turn, increases PLAT expression through NF-ĸB activation; PLAT promotes angiogenesis via LRP1 in endothelial cells. PXN silencing in ovarian cancer mouse models reduced angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. These findings provide a new understanding of the role of PXN in regulating tumor angiogenesis and growth.
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25
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Gilbreath C, Ma S, Yu L, Sonavane R, Roggero CM, Devineni A, Mauck R, Desai NB, Bagrodia A, Kittler R, Raj GV, Yin Y. Dynamic differences between DNA damage repair responses in primary tumors and cell lines. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100898. [PMID: 33096336 PMCID: PMC7576517 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of DNA damage repair response (DDR) in prostate cancer is restricted by the limited number of prostate cancer cell lines and lack of surrogates for heterogeneity in clinical samples. Here, we sought to leverage our experience with patient derived explants (PDEs) cultured ex vivo to study dynamics of DDR in primary tumors following application of clinically relevant doses of ionizing radiation (IR) to tumor cells in their native 3-dimensional microenvironment. We compared DDR dynamics between prostate cancer cell lines, PDEs and xenograft derived explants (XDEs) following treatment with IR (2Gy) either alone or in combination with pharmacological modulators of DDR. We have shown that following treatment with 2Gy, DDR can be consistently detected in PDEs from multiple solid tumors, including prostate, kidney, testes, lung and breast, as evidenced by γ-H2AX, 53BP1, phospho-ATM and phospho-DNA-PKcs foci. By examining kinetics of resolution of IR-induced foci, we have shown that DDR in prostate PDEs (complete resolution in 8 h) is much faster than in prostate cancer cell lines (<50% resolution in 8 h). The transcriptional profile of DDR genes following 2Gy IR appears to be distinct between PDEs and cell lines. Pre-treatment with drugs targeting DDR pathways differentially alter the kinetics of DDR in the PDEs and cell lines, as evidenced by altered kinetics of foci resolution. This study highlights the utility of PDEs as a robust model system for short-term evaluation of DDR in primary solid tumors in clinically relevant microenvironment. IR induces distinct DNA damage repair kinetics in prostate cancer PDEs and cell lines. IR induces a distinct transcriptional program in prostate cancer PDE and cell lines. DNA-PKcs inhibition blocks IR-induced DDR in prostate cancer PDE. Inhibition of AR impairs NHEJ in prostate cancer PDEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin Gilbreath
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shihong Ma
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lan Yu
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rajni Sonavane
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Carlos M Roggero
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Anvita Devineni
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ryan Mauck
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Neil B Desai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Aditya Bagrodia
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ralf Kittler
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ganesh V Raj
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Yi Yin
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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26
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Jing W, Bi Y, Wang G, Zeng S, Han L, Yang H, Wang N, Zhao Y. Krill Oil Perturbs Proliferation and Migration of Mouse Colon Cancer Cells in vitro by Impeding Extracellular Signal-Regulated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway. Lipids 2020; 56:141-153. [PMID: 32931040 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to increase. Treatment of CRC remains a significant clinical challenge, and effective therapies for advanced CRC are desperately needed. Increasing attention and ongoing research efforts have focused on krill oil that may provide health benefits to the human body. Here we report that krill oil exerts in vitro anticancer activity through a direct inhibition on proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion of mouse colon cancer cells. Krill oil inhibited the proliferation and colony formation of CT-26 colon cancer cells by causing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Cell cycle arrest was attributable to reduction of cyclin D1 levels in krill oil-treated cells. Further studies revealed that krill oil induced mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis of CT-26 cells, including loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, increased cytosolic calcium levels, activation of caspase-3, and downregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins MCL-1 and BCL-XL. Krill oil suppressed migration of CT-26 cells by disrupting the microfilaments and microtubules. Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) plays crucial roles in regulating proliferation and migration of cancer cells. We found that krill oil attenuated the activation of ERK signaling pathway to exert the effects on cell cycle, apoptosis, and migration of colon cancer cells. We speculate that polyunsaturated fatty acids of krill oil may dampen ERK activation by decreasing the phospholipid saturation of cell membrane. Although findings from in vitro studies may not necessarily translate in vivo, our study provides insights into the possibility that krill oil or its components could have therapeutic potential in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Jing
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yuxuan Bi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ganyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Shuyan Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Lihui Han
- Department of Immunology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Na Wang
- Jinan Jiyuan Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Longao North Road, Jinan, 250102, China
| | - Yunxue Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China.,Department of Immunology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
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27
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Wen L, Zhang X, Zhang J, Chen S, Ma Y, Hu J, Yue T, Wang J, Zhu J, Wu T, Wang X. Paxillin knockdown suppresses metastasis and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer via the ERK signalling pathway. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:1105-1115. [PMID: 32705241 PMCID: PMC7388420 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Paxillin (PXN) is a cytoplasmic protein that plays an important role in regulating focal adhesion, cytoskeletal rearrangements and cell motility. The present study aimed to investigate the role of PXN in the metastasis of human colorectal cancer (CRC) and its possible mechanisms. Immunohistochemical staining of tissues from 102 surgical CRC patients revealed that high PXN expression was positively correlated with tumour‑node‑metastasis (TNM) stage, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and recurrence at distant sites after radical surgery. In 24 cases of stage IV CRC, PXN expression in liver metastasis was higher than that in the matched primary tumour. The knockdown of PXN inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion potential of SW480 cells in vitro and in vivo. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the effect of PXN on ultrastructural characteristics, observed mainly in microvilli and desmosomes. The downregulation of PXN decreased the activation of extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) and suppressed the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Following the downregulation of PXN, the addition of an ERK activator or inhibitor restored or further suppressed EMT, respectively, accompanied by corresponding changes in cell migration and invasion. Collectively, the present results confirmed the important role of PXN in CRC metastasis and revealed that PXN regulated EMT progression via the ERK signalling pathway. PXN may represent a future therapeutic strategy to prevent the EMT‑associated progression and invasion of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Junling Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Shanwen Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Yongchen Ma
- Department of Endoscopic Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Jianwen Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Taohua Yue
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Jingui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
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28
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Huang SH, Kao YH, Muller CJF, Joubert E, Chuu CP. Aspalathin-rich green Aspalathus linearis extract suppresses migration and invasion of human castration-resistant prostate cancer cells via inhibition of YAP signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 69:153210. [PMID: 32217447 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 80% of advanced prostate cancer (PCa) cases have bone metastasis, with a 5-year survival rate of 25%. Previously, we reported that GRT, a standardized, pharmaceutical-grade aspalathin-rich extract (12.78 g aspalathin/100 g extract), prepared from green rooibos produced from the leaves and fine stems of Aspalathus linearis, inhibits the proliferation of PCa cells, meriting this investigation to determine if GRT can suppress the migration and invasion of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells. PURPOSE In the present study, we investigated whether GRT extract can interfere with the migration and invasion of human CRPC cells. METHODS Transwell assays were used to explore the effects of GRT on the migration and invasion of CRPC cells. Micro-Western Array (MWA) and Western blot analysis were carried out to unravel the underlying molecular mechanism(s). RESULTS Treatment with 25-100 μg/ml GRT suppressed the migration and invasion of LNCaP C4-2B and 22Rv1 CRPC cells. MWA and Western blot analysis indicated that GRT treatment suppressed the protein level of yes-associated protein (YAP), macrophage stimulating 1 protein (MST1), phospho-MST1/phospho-MST2 T183/T180, and paxillin, but increased the abundance of E-cadherin. Over-expression of YAP rescued the suppressive effects of GRT on migration and invasion of CRPC cells. Treatment with the major flavonoid of GRT - the C-glucosyl dihydrochalcone, aspalathin - at a concentration of 75-100 μg/ml also reduced the migration and invasion of CRPC cells, and the inhibition was partially rescued by YAP over-expression. CONCLUSIONS GRT treatment suppresses the migration and invasion of CRPC cells via inhibition of YAP signaling and paxillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Han Huang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsi Kao
- Department of Life Science, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - Christo J F Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
| | - Chih-Pin Chuu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan; PhD Program for Aging and Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung City 40402, Taiwan; Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan.
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29
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Giguère V. DNA-PK, Nuclear mTOR, and the Androgen Pathway in Prostate Cancer. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:337-347. [PMID: 32209447 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Androgen and its receptor (AR) are major drivers of prostate cancer (PCa), a leading cause of mortality in aging men. Thus, understanding the numerous mechanisms by which AR can promote the growth and proliferation of PCa cells and enable their escape from hormone-dependent therapies, eventually leading to metastasis and death of the patient, is essential to discover alternative therapeutic approaches. Recently, two structurally related members of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-like protein kinase (PIKK) family, DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), were shown to have a direct role in modulating AR activity on chromatin of PCa cells. In this review, the common features of DNA-PK and mTOR and the similarities in their noncanonical roles as transcription coregulators of the AR are highlighted. An outlook on how these findings could be translated into new approaches to manage and treat PCa is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Giguère
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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30
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Ma X, Biswas A, Hammes SR. Paxillin regulated genomic networks in prostate cancer. Steroids 2019; 151:108463. [PMID: 31344408 PMCID: PMC6802295 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Paxillin is extensively involved in focal adhesion signaling and kinase signaling throughout the plasma membrane and cytoplasm. However, recent studies in prostate cancer suggest that paxillin also plays a critical role in regulating gene expression within the nucleus, serving as a liaison between cytoplasmic and nuclear MAPK and Androgen Receptor (AR) signaling. Here we used RNA-seq to examine the paxillin-regulated transcriptome in several human prostate cancer cell lines. First, we examined paxillin effects on androgen-mediated transcription in control or paxillin-depleted AR-positive LNCaP and C4-2 human prostate cancer cells. In androgen-dependent LNCaP cells, we found over 1000 paxillin-dependent androgen-responsive genes, some of which are involved in endocrine therapy resistance. Most paxillin-dependent AR-mediated genes in LNCaP cells were no longer paxillin-dependent in androgen-sensitive, castration-resistant C4-2 cells, suggesting that castration-resistance may markedly alter paxillin effects on genomic AR signaling. To examine the paxillin-regulated transcriptome in the absence of androgen signaling, we performed RNA-seq in AR-negative PC3 human prostate cancer cells. Paxillin enhanced several pro-proliferative pathways, including the CyclinD/Rb/E2F and DNA replication/repair pathways. Additionally, paxillin suppressed pro-apoptotic genes, including CASP1 and TNFSF10. Quantitative PCR confirmed that these pathways are similarly regulated by paxillin in LNCaP and C4-2 cells. Functional studies showed that, while paxillin stimulated cell proliferation, it had minimum effect on apoptosis. Thus, paxillin appears to be an important transcriptional regulator in prostate cancer, and analysis of its transcriptome might lead to novel approaches toward the diagnosis and treatment of this important disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Ma
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical School, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Anindita Biswas
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Stephen R Hammes
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical School, Rochester, NY, United States.
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31
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Sinha N, Biswas A, Nave O, Seger C, Sen A. Gestational Diabetes Epigenetically Reprograms the Cart Promoter in Fetal Ovary, Causing Subfertility in Adult Life. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1684-1700. [PMID: 31150057 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine exposure to various adverse conditions during fetal development can lead to epigenetic changes in fetal tissues, predisposing those tissues to disease conditions later in life. An example is gestational diabetes (GD), where the offspring has a higher risk of developing obesity, metabolic disorders, or cardiovascular disease in adult life. In this study, using two well-established GD (streptozotocin- and high-fat and high-sugar-induced) mouse models, we report that female offspring from GD dams are predisposed toward fertility problems later in life. This predisposition to fertility problems is due to altered ovarian expression of a peptide called cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), which is known to negatively affect folliculogenesis and is induced by elevated leptin levels. Results show that the underlying cause of this altered expression is due to fetal epigenetic modifications involving glucose- and insulin-induced miRNA, miR-101, and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway. These signaling events regulate Ezh2, a histone methyltransferase that promotes H3K27me3, a gene-repressive mark, and CBP/p300, a histone acetyltransferase that promotes H3K27ac, a transcription activation mark, in the fetal ovary. Moreover, the CART promoter has depleted 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and enriched 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) levels. The depletion of H3K27me3 and 5mC repressive marks and subsequent increase in H3K27ac and 5hmC gene-activating marks convert the Cartpt promoter to a "superpromoter." This makes the Cartpt promoter more sensitive to leptin levels that predispose the GD offspring to fertility problems. Therefore, this study provides a mechanistic insight about fetal epigenome reprogramming that manifests to ovarian dysfunction and subfertility later in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Sinha
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Anindita Biswas
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Olivia Nave
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Christina Seger
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Aritro Sen
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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32
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Zaballos MA, Acuña-Ruiz A, Morante M, Crespo P, Santisteban P. Regulators of the RAS-ERK pathway as therapeutic targets in thyroid cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2019; 26:R319-R344. [PMID: 30978703 DOI: 10.1530/erc-19-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is mostly an ERK-driven carcinoma, as up to 70% of thyroid carcinomas are caused by mutations that activate the RAS/ERK mitogenic signaling pathway. The incidence of thyroid cancer has been steadily increasing for the last four decades; yet, there is still no effective treatment for advanced thyroid carcinomas. Current research efforts are focused on impairing ERK signaling with small-molecule inhibitors, mainly at the level of BRAF and MEK. However, despite initial promising results in animal models, the clinical success of these inhibitors has been limited by the emergence of tumor resistance and relapse. The RAS/ERK pathway is an extremely complex signaling cascade with multiple points of control, offering many potential therapeutic targets: from the modulatory proteins regulating the activation state of RAS proteins to the scaffolding proteins of the pathway that provide spatial specificity to the signals, and finally, the negative feedbacks and phosphatases responsible for inactivating the pathway. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the biology of RAS/ERK regulators in human cancer highlighting relevant information on thyroid cancer and future areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Zaballos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Acuña-Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Morante
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Piero Crespo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Pilar Santisteban
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Majumdar R, Steen K, Coulombe PA, Parent CA. Non-canonical processes that shape the cell migration landscape. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 57:123-134. [PMID: 30852463 PMCID: PMC7087401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Migration is a vital, intricate, and multi-faceted process that involves the entire cell, entails the integration of multiple external cues and, at times, necessitates high-level coordination among fields of cells that can be physically attached or not, depending on the physiological setting. Recent advances have highlighted the essential role of cellular components that have not been traditionally considered when studying cell migration. This review details how much we recently learned by studying the role of intermediate filaments, the nucleus, extracellular vesicles, and mitochondria during cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritankar Majumdar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kaylee Steen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Pierre A Coulombe
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Carole A Parent
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Roy S, Gandra D, Seger C, Biswas A, Kushnir VA, Gleicher N, Kumar TR, Sen A. Oocyte-Derived Factors (GDF9 and BMP15) and FSH Regulate AMH Expression Via Modulation of H3K27AC in Granulosa Cells. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3433-3445. [PMID: 30060157 PMCID: PMC6112599 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) produced by ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) plays a crucial role in ovarian function. It is used as a diagnostic and/or prognostic marker of fertility as well as for pathophysiological conditions in women. In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanism for regulation of AMH expression in GCs using primary mouse GCs and a human GC tumor-derived KGN cell line. We find that growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic factor 15 (BMP15) together (GDF9 + BMP15), but not when tested separately, significantly induce AMH expression in vitro and in vivo (serum AMH). Our results show that GDF9 + BMP15 through the PI3K/Akt and Smad2/3 pathways synergistically recruit the coactivator p300 on the AMH promoter region that promotes acetylation of histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27ac), facilitating AMH/Amh expression. Intriguingly, we also find that FSH inhibits GDF9 + BMP15-induced increase of AMH/Amh expression. This inhibition occurs through FSH-induced protein kinase A/SF1-mediated expression of gonadotropin inducible ovarian transcription factor 1, a transcriptional repressor, that recruits histone deacetylase 2 to deacetylate H3K27ac, resulting in the suppression of AMH/Amh expression. Furthermore, we report that ovarian Amh mRNA levels are significantly higher in Fshβ-null mice (Fshβ-/-) compared with those in wild-type (WT) mice. In addition, ovarian Amh mRNA levels are restored in Fshβ-null mice expressing a human WT FSHβ transgene (FSHβ-/-hFSHβWT). Our study provides a mechanistic insight into the regulation of AMH expression that has many implications in female reproduction/fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambit Roy
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Divya Gandra
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Christina Seger
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Anindita Biswas
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | | | - Norbert Gleicher
- Center for Human Reproduction, New York, New York
- Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vienna University of Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - T Rajendra Kumar
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz, Denver, Colorado
| | - Aritro Sen
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Correspondence: Aritro Sen, PhD, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Sciences, 1230A Anthony Hall, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824. E-mail:
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Sala S, Ampe C. An emerging link between LIM domain proteins and nuclear receptors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1959-1971. [PMID: 29428964 PMCID: PMC11105726 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2774-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that partake in several biological processes including development, reproduction and metabolism. Over the last decade, evidence has accumulated that group 2, 3 and 4 LIM domain proteins, primarily known for their roles in actin cytoskeleton organization, also partake in gene transcription regulation. They shuttle between the cytoplasm and the nucleus, amongst other as a consequence of triggering cells with ligands of nuclear receptors. LIM domain proteins act as important coregulators of nuclear receptor-mediated gene transcription, in which they can either function as coactivators or corepressors. In establishing interactions with nuclear receptors, the LIM domains are important, yet pleiotropy of LIM domain proteins and nuclear receptors frequently occurs. LIM domain protein-nuclear receptor complexes function in diverse physiological processes. Their association is, however, often linked to diseases including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sala
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe Ampe
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Wilkenfeld SR, Lin C, Frigo DE. Communication between genomic and non-genomic signaling events coordinate steroid hormone actions. Steroids 2018; 133:2-7. [PMID: 29155216 PMCID: PMC5864526 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormones are lipophilic molecules produced in one cell that can travel great distances within the body to elicit biological effects in another cell. In the canonical pathway, steroid hormone binding to a nuclear receptor (NR), often in the cytoplasm, causes the receptor to undergo a conformational change and translocate to the nucleus, where it interacts with specific sequences of DNA to regulate transcription. In addition to the classical genomic mechanism of action, alternate mechanisms of steroid activity have emerged that involve rapid, non-genomic signaling. The distinction between these two major mechanisms of action lies in the subcellular location of the initiating steroid hormone action. Importantly, the mechanisms of action are not exclusive, in that each can affect the activity of the other. Here, we describe the different types of genomic and non-genomic steroid hormone signaling mechanisms and how they can influence one another to ultimately regulate biology. Further, we discuss the approaches being used to study the non-genomic signaling events and address important caveats to be considered when designing new experiments. Thus, this minireview can serve as an introduction to the diverse signaling mechanisms of steroid hormones and offers initial, experimental guidance to those entering the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandi R Wilkenfeld
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chenchu Lin
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel E Frigo
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Molecular Medicine Program, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
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Abstract
Paxillin is a group III LIM domain protein that is best characterized as a cytoplasmic scaffold/adaptor protein that functions primarily as a mediator of focal adhesion. However, emerging studies indicate that paxillin's functions are far broader. Not only does paxillin appear to regulate cytoplasmic kinase signaling, but it also cycles between the cytoplasm and nucleus, and may serve as an important regulator of mRNA trafficking and subsequent translation. Herein, we provide some insights suggesting that paxillin, like its relative Hic-5, has nuclear binding partners and mediates critical processes within the nucleus, at least in part functioning as coregulator of nuclear receptors and nuclear kinases to mediate genomic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Ma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, United States; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, United States.
| | - Stephen R Hammes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, United States; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, United States.
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Levin ER. Membrane estrogen receptors signal to determine transcription factor function. Steroids 2018; 132:1-4. [PMID: 29155215 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptors (ER) alpha and beta as well as many other steroid receptors are found both within the nucleus and outside the nucleus. This includes extra-nuclear receptors in many organelles, including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, cytosolic endosomes, and membrane lipid rafts, such as caveolae. The functions of these receptors in the various extra-nuclear cell organelles are not well described, but progress for understanding steroid receptor signaling from the membrane has advanced. In this Review I will discuss the enlarging role of membrane ER signaling to the expression, cell localization, and function of transcription factors that are essential to mediate cell physiology or pathophysiology in many organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis R Levin
- Division of Endocrinology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717, USA; Tibor Rubin VAMC, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA; Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717, USA.
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Zheng QS, Chen SH, Wu YP, Chen HJ, Chen H, Wei Y, Li XD, Huang JB, Xue XY, Xu N. Increased Paxillin expression in prostate cancer is associated with advanced pathological features, lymph node metastases and biochemical recurrence. J Cancer 2018; 9:959-967. [PMID: 29581775 PMCID: PMC5868163 DOI: 10.7150/jca.22787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Paxillin regulates cell-cell adhesion, and altered Paxillin expression has been associated with human carcinogenesis. This study analyzed the association between Paxillin expression in prostate cancer (PCa) tissues with clinicopathological features, lymph node metastasis and biochemical PCa recurrence. Methods A total of 386 tissue specimens from PCa patients who received radical prostatectomy and 60 tissue specimens from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) cases were collected to construct tissue microarrays, which were subsequently immunostained for Paxillin expression. Thirty positive lymph node tissue specimens and 10 healthy prostate tissue specimens were randomly selected for Paxillin immunostaining. Results The association between Paxillin expression, lymph node metastasis and biochemical PCa recurrence was analyzed. Paxillin expression was significantly higher in PCa than both normal and BPH tissues (P<0.001) and was correlated with preoperative prostate-specific antigen level, Gleason score, clinical tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, positive surgical margin, extracapsular extension and seminal vesicle invasion (P<0.05 for all). Logistic regression analysis showed that Paxillin and Gleason score were independent risk factors for PCa lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve indicated that Paxillin expression (AUC=0.723) more accurately predicted PCa lymph node metastasis than Gleason score (AUC=0.692). Kaplan-Meier curve analysis showed that increased Paxillin expression was associated with shortened biochemical-free survival (BFS) after radical prostatectomy (P<0.001). Conclusion Paxillin was significantly upregulated in PCa compared with BPH and normal tissues and associated with lymph node metastasis and shortened BFS of PCa. Further study will investigate the underlying molecular mechanism and the role of Paxillin in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Shui Zheng
- Departments of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Shao-Hao Chen
- Departments of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Yu-Peng Wu
- Departments of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Hui-Jun Chen
- Departments of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Departments of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Yong Wei
- Departments of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Li
- Departments of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Jin-Bei Huang
- Departments of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Xue-Yi Xue
- Departments of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Departments of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
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Structural Insights in Multifunctional Papillomavirus Oncoproteins. Viruses 2018; 10:v10010037. [PMID: 29342959 PMCID: PMC5795450 DOI: 10.3390/v10010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery in the mid-eighties, the main papillomavirus oncoproteins E6 and E7 have been recalcitrant to high-resolution structure analysis. However, in the last decade a wealth of three-dimensional information has been gained on both proteins whether free or complexed to host target proteins. Here, we first summarize the diverse activities of these small multifunctional oncoproteins. Next, we review the available structural data and the new insights they provide about the evolution of E6 and E7, their multiple interactions and their functional variability across human papillomavirus (HPV) species.
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Liu Q, Wang J, Tang M, Chen L, Qi X, Li J, Yu J, Qiu H, Wang Y. The overexpression of PXN promotes tumor progression and leads to radioresistance in cervical cancer. Future Oncol 2018; 14:241-253. [PMID: 29318915 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We aim to investigate the functions of PXN in cervical cancer. MATERIALS & METHODS PXN protein was investigated by immunohistochemistry in a panel of cervical cancer. A series of in vitro and in vivo assays were used to explore the efficacy of PXN. RESULTS PXN was significantly upregulated in cervical cancer, which associated with tumor stage, poor differentiation, lymphovascular space invasion and lymphatic metastasis. Knockdown of PXN notably impaired cellular growth and colony formation by suppressing Bcl-2 and inducing marked apoptosis. Moreover, PXN led to resistance to radiation, and downregulation of PXN resensitized C33A cells to radiation. CONCLUSION PXN was frequently upregulated and acted as an oncogene via regulating Bcl-2 in cervical cancer, which supports PXN as a potent therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuli Liu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Mei Tang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, China
| | - Xiaowei Qi
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuxi Hospital For Maternal & Child Health Care, Wuxi 214062, China
| | - Jinjin Yu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, China
| | - Haifeng Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, China
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Abstract
Androgen production by the ovary is an essential requirement for normal cyclical secretion of estradiol but its physiological role extends to important actions on both preantral and antral follicle development, including promotion of granulosa cell proliferation. It is likely only in mature antral follicles that androgens encourage apoptosis and consequent follicle atresia, and this may be an important mechanism to ensure mono-follicular ovulation in primates, including humans. Recent studies have provided new insight into the mechanism of androgen signaling in the ovary which involves both genomic and non-genomic effects that are complementary in effecting a cellular response. In polycystic ovary syndrome, a condition characterized by intra-ovarian androgen excess, aberrant development of both preantral and antral follicles is a salient feature. We present evidence that local action of androgens plays a part in such abnormalities. Finally, we review the role of androgens in follicle atresia and conclude that the effects are part of the normal physiology of follicle maturation.
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FAK and paxillin, two potential targets in pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:31586-601. [PMID: 26980710 PMCID: PMC5058780 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating cancer in large part due to late diagnosis and a lack of effective screening tests. In spite of recent progress in imaging, surgery and new therapeutic options for pancreatic cancer, the overall five-year survival still remains unacceptably low. Numerous studies have shown that focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated in many cancers including PDAC and promotes cancer progression and metastasis. Paxillin, an intracellular adaptor protein that plays a key role in cytoskeletal organization, connects integrins to FAK and plays a key role in assembly and disassembly of focal adhesions. Here, we have reviewed evidence in support of FAK as a potential therapeutic target and summarized related combinatorial therapies.
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Ma X, Hayes E, Biswas A, Seger C, Prizant H, Hammes SR, Sen A. Androgens Regulate Ovarian Gene Expression Through Modulation of Ezh2 Expression and Activity. Endocrinology 2017; 158:2944-2954. [PMID: 28666321 PMCID: PMC5659665 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A substantial amount of evidence suggests that androgen signaling through classical androgen receptors is critical for both normal and pathologic ovarian physiology. Specifically, we and others have shown that, in mouse granulosa cells, androgen actions through both extranuclear and nuclear androgen receptor signaling are critical for normal follicle development and ovulation. Here, we show that androgens through the PI3K/Akt pathway rapidly (within minutes) phosphorylate and inhibit activity of the Polycomb group protein enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (Ezh2). Over the course of 24 to 48 hours, androgens then induce expression of the microRNA miR-101, which targets Ezh2 messenger RNA (mRNA), leading to a nearly complete loss of Ezh2 protein expression. This long-term androgen-induced loss of Ezh2 actions ultimately results in sustained reduction of the H3K27me3-repressive mark in the promoter region of the Runt-related transcription factor-1 (Runx1) gene, a luteinizing hormone (LH)-induced transcription factor essential for ovulation, leading to increased Runx1 mRNA expression. Accordingly, blocking androgen-induced inhibition of Ezh2 in vivo adversely affects LH-induced Runx1 mRNA expression and subsequent ovulation. Importantly, although estrogen treatment of granulosa cells similarly causes rapid activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway and short-term phosphorylation of Ezh2, it does not induce miR-101 expression and thereby does not reduce overall Ezh2 expression, demonstrating the androgen specificity of long-term Ezh2 suppression. Thus, this study provides insight regarding how androgen-induced extranuclear kinase signaling and intranuclear transcription through Ezh2 modifications may influence the expression pattern of genes, ultimately affecting various downstream physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Ma
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Emily Hayes
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Anindita Biswas
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Christina Seger
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Hen Prizant
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Stephen R. Hammes
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Aritro Sen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
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Miedlich SU, Taya M, Young MR, Hammes SR. Paxillin and embryonic PolyAdenylation Binding Protein (ePABP) engage to regulate androgen-dependent Xenopus laevis oocyte maturation - A model of kinase-dependent regulation of protein expression. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 448:87-97. [PMID: 28359799 PMCID: PMC5500300 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Steroid-triggered Xenopus laevis oocyte maturation is an elegant physiologic model of nongenomic steroid signaling, as it proceeds completely independent of transcription. We previously demonstrated that androgens are the main physiologic stimulator of oocyte maturation in Xenopus oocytes, and that the adaptor protein paxillin plays a crucial role in mediating this process through a positive feedback loop in which paxillin first enhances Mos protein translation, ensued by Erk2 activation and Erk-dependent phosphorylation of paxillin on serine residues. Phosphoserine-paxillin then further augments Mos protein translation and downstream Erk2 activation, resulting in meiotic progression. We hypothesized that paxillin enhances Mos translation by interacting with embryonic PolyAdenylation Binding Protein (ePABP) on polyadenylated Mos mRNA. Knockdown of ePABP phenocopied paxillin knockdown, with reduced Mos protein expression, Erk2 and Cdk1 activation, as well as oocyte maturation. In both Xenopus oocytes and mammalian cells (HEK-293), paxillin and ePABP constitutively interacted. Testosterone (Xenopus) or EGF (HEK-293) augmented ePABP-paxillin binding, as well as ePABP binding to Mos mRNA (Xenopus), in an Erk-dependent fashion. Thus, ePABP and paxillin work together in an Erk-dependent fashion to enhance Mos protein translation and promote oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne U Miedlich
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Box 693, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Manisha Taya
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Box 693, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Melissa Rasar Young
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Smilow Cancer Hospital at Yale, Yale School of Medicine, 35 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Stephen R Hammes
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Box 693, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Nanjappa MK, Mesa AM, Tevosian SG, de Armas L, Hess RA, Bagchi IC, Cooke PS. Membrane estrogen receptor 1 is required for normal reproduction in male and female mice. JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND REPRODUCTION : JER 2017; 21:1-14. [PMID: 34321782 PMCID: PMC8315114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormones, acting through their cognate nuclear receptors, are critical for many reproductive and non-reproductive functions. Over the past two decades, it has become increasingly clear that in addition to cytoplasmic/nuclear steroid receptors that alter gene transcription when liganded, a small fraction of cellular steroid receptors are localized to the cell membranes, where they mediate rapid steroid hormone effects. 17β-Estradiol (E2), a key steroid hormone for both male and female reproduction, acts predominately through its main receptor, estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1). Most ESR1 is nuclear; however, 5-10% of ESR1 is localized to the cell membrane after being palmitoylated at cysteine 451 in mice. This review discusses reproductive phenotypes of a newly-developed mouse model with a C451A point mutation that precludes membrane targeting of ESR1. This transgenic mouse, termed the nuclear-only ESR1 (NOER) mouse, shows extensive male and female reproductive abnormalities and infertility despite normally functional nuclear ESR1 (nESR1). These results provide the first in vivo evidence that membrane-initiated E2/ESR1 signaling is required for normal male and female reproductive functions and fertility. Signaling mechanisms for membrane ESR1 (mESR1), as well as how mESR1 works with nESR1 to mediate estrogen effects, are still being established. We discuss some possible mechanisms by which mESR1 might facilitate nESR1 signaling, as well as the emerging evidence that mESR1 might be a major mediator of epigenetic effects of estrogens, which are potentially linked to various adult-onset pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana M. Mesa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Sergei G. Tevosian
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Laura de Armas
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Rex A. Hess
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Indrani C. Bagchi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Paul S. Cooke
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Yuan JH, Liu XN, Wang TT, Pan W, Tao QF, Zhou WP, Wang F, Sun SH. The MBNL3 splicing factor promotes hepatocellular carcinoma by increasing PXN expression through the alternative splicing of lncRNA-PXN-AS1. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:820-832. [PMID: 28553938 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the roles of splicing factors and splicing events during tumorigenesis would open new avenues for targeted therapies. Here we identify an oncofetal splicing factor, MBNL3, which promotes tumorigenesis and indicates poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. MBNL3 knockdown almost completely abolishes hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that MBNL3 induces lncRNA-PXN-AS1 exon 4 inclusion. The transcript lacking exon 4 binds to coding sequences of PXN mRNA, causes dissociation of translation elongation factors from PXN mRNA, and thereby inhibits PXN mRNA translation. In contrast, the transcript containing exon 4 preferentially binds to the 3' untranslated region of PXN mRNA, protects PXN mRNA from microRNA-24-AGO2 complex-induced degradation, and thereby increases PXN expression. Through inducing exon 4 inclusion, MBNL3 upregulates PXN, which mediates the pro-tumorigenic roles of MBNL3. Collectively, these data demonstrate detailed mechanistic links between an oncofetal splicing factor, a splicing event and tumorigenesis, and establish splicing factors and splicing events as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hang Yuan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tian-Tian Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qi-Fei Tao
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei-Ping Zhou
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shu-Han Sun
- Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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48
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The molecular mechanisms underlying the ERα-36-mediated signaling in breast cancer. Oncogene 2016; 36:2503-2514. [PMID: 27941878 PMCID: PMC5422711 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in estrogen-mediated cellular signaling have largely been implicated in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Here, we investigated the signaling regulation of a splice variant of the estrogen receptor, namely estrogen receptor (ERα-36), associated with a poor prognosis in breast cancers. Coupling in vitro and in vivo approaches we determined the precise sequential molecular events of a new estrogen signaling network in an ERα-negative cell line and in an original patient-derived xenograft. After estrogen treatment, ERα-36 rapidly associates with Src at the level of the plasma membrane, initiating downstream cascades, including MEK1/ERK activation and paxillin phosphorylation on S126, which in turn triggers a higher expression of cyclin D1. Of note, the direct binding of ERα-36 to ERK2 prevents its dephosphorylation by MKP3 and enhances the downstream signaling. These findings improve our understanding of the regulation of non-genomic estrogen signaling and open new avenues for personalized therapeutic approaches targeting Src or MEK in ERα-36-positive patients.
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49
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Levin ER, Hammes SR. Nuclear receptors outside the nucleus: extranuclear signalling by steroid receptors. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2016; 17:783-797. [PMID: 27729652 PMCID: PMC5649368 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2016.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormone receptors mediate numerous crucial biological processes and are classically thought to function as transcriptional regulators in the nucleus. However, it has been known for more than 50 years that steroids evoke rapid responses in many organs that cannot be explained by gene regulation. Mounting evidence indicates that most steroid receptors in fact exist in extranuclear cellular pools, including at the plasma membrane. This latter pool, when engaged by a steroid ligand, rapidly activates signals that affect various aspects of cellular biology. Research into the mechanisms of signalling instigated by extranuclear steroid receptor pools and how this extranuclear signalling is integrated with responses elicited by nuclear receptor pools provides novel understanding of steroid hormone signalling and its roles in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis R. Levin
- Department of Medicine and Biochemistry, University of California,
Irvine and the Long Beach VA Medical Center, California 90822, USA
| | - Stephen R. Hammes
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Rochester,
Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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50
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Li Y, Zhang L, Wang X, Chen M, Liu Y, Xing Y, Wang X, Gao S, Zhu D. Elk-1-mediated 15-lipoxygenase expression is required for hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular adventitial fibroblast dynamics. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2016; 218:276-289. [PMID: 27174674 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM 15-Lipoxygenase (15-LO) is an important factor in the pathogenesis of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). However, the role of 15-LO in the adventitia of the pulmonary arterial wall is unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the role of 15-LO in the modulation of pulmonary adventitial fibroblast (PAF) dynamics. METHODS Rats were exposed to normoxic or hypoxic (fraction of inspired O2 = 0.12) treatments for 7 days. PAF proliferation and cell cycle alterations were measured by MTT assay, cell immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and Western blot analysis. The 15-LO promoter was analysed by luciferase reporter and ChIP assays. RESULTS Our results showed that hypoxia induced 15-LO expression in PAFs both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, hypoxia stimulated JNK phosphorylation in PAFs. Blocking 15-LO or JNK suppressed 15-LO-induced PAF proliferation and cell cycle alterations. The inhibition of p27kipl by gene silencing attenuated 15-LO-induced PAF proliferation and cell cycle alterations. Furthermore, JNK inhibition or Elk-1 knockdown suppressed hypoxia-induced 15-LO expression in PAFs. Luciferase reporter and ChIP assays revealed that the 15-LO promoter contains Elk-1-binding sites and also that Elk-1 increased the hypoxia-induced activity of the 15-LO promoter. CONCLUSION These results suggest that hypoxia promotes changes in the cellular dynamics of PAFs by inducing 15-LO expression, which leads to vascular adventitial remodelling. The modulation of p27kipl expression by 15-LO enhances PAF proliferation and cell cycle alterations. Furthermore, the JNK-dependent increase in Elk-1 signalling is required for hypoxia-induced 15-LO expression in PAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Li
- Department of Pharmacology; Harbin Medical University-Daqing; Daqing Heilongjiang China
- Biopharmaceutical Institute of the Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences; Harbin Heilongjiang China
| | - L. Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology; Harbin Medical University-Daqing; Daqing Heilongjiang China
| | - X. Wang
- Department of Pharmacology; Harbin Medical University-Daqing; Daqing Heilongjiang China
| | - M. Chen
- Department of Pharmacology; Harbin Medical University-Daqing; Daqing Heilongjiang China
| | - Y. Liu
- Department of Pharmacology; Harbin Medical University-Daqing; Daqing Heilongjiang China
| | - Y. Xing
- Department of Pharmacology; Harbin Medical University-Daqing; Daqing Heilongjiang China
| | - X. Wang
- Department of Pharmacology; Harbin Medical University-Daqing; Daqing Heilongjiang China
| | - S. Gao
- Biopharmaceutical Institute of the Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences; Harbin Heilongjiang China
| | - D. Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology; Harbin Medical University-Daqing; Daqing Heilongjiang China
- Biopharmaceutical Institute of the Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences; Harbin Heilongjiang China
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