1
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Atsuta Y, Lee C, Rodrigues AR, Colle C, Tomizawa RR, Lujan EG, Tschopp P, Galan L, Zhu M, Gorham JM, Vannier JP, Seidman CE, Seidman JG, Ros MA, Pourquié O, Tabin CJ. Direct reprogramming of non-limb fibroblasts to cells with properties of limb progenitors. Dev Cell 2024; 59:415-430.e8. [PMID: 38320485 PMCID: PMC10932627 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The early limb bud consists of mesenchymal limb progenitors derived from the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM). The LPM also gives rise to the mesodermal components of the flank and neck. However, the cells at these other levels cannot produce the variety of cell types found in the limb. Taking advantage of a direct reprogramming approach, we find a set of factors (Prdm16, Zbtb16, and Lin28a) normally expressed in the early limb bud and capable of imparting limb progenitor-like properties to mouse non-limb fibroblasts. The reprogrammed cells show similar gene expression profiles and can differentiate into similar cell types as endogenous limb progenitors. The further addition of Lin41 potentiates the proliferation of the reprogrammed cells. These results suggest that these same four factors may play pivotal roles in the specification of endogenous limb progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Atsuta
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - ChangHee Lee
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Alan R Rodrigues
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Charlotte Colle
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Reiko R Tomizawa
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ernesto G Lujan
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Patrick Tschopp
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Zoological Institute, University of Basel, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Galan
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnologia de Cantabria, CSIC, SODERCAN- Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Meng Zhu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua M Gorham
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Christine E Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan G Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marian A Ros
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnologia de Cantabria, CSIC, SODERCAN- Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Olivier Pourquié
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Clifford J Tabin
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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2
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Qi T, Zhang J, Zhang K, Zhang W, Song Y, Lian K, Kan C, Han F, Hou N, Sun X. Unraveling the role of the FHL family in cardiac diseases: Mechanisms, implications, and future directions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 694:149468. [PMID: 38183876 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Heart diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these diseases is essential for the development of effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The FHL family consists of five members: FHL1, FHL2, FHL3, FHL4, and FHL5/Act. These members exhibit different expression patterns in various tissues including the heart. FHL family proteins are implicated in cardiac remodeling, regulation of metabolic enzymes, and cardiac biomechanical stress perception. A large number of studies have explored the link between FHL family proteins and cardiac disease, skeletal muscle disease, and ovarian metabolism, but a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the specific molecular mechanisms targeting FHL on cardiac disease is lacking. The aim of this review is to explore the structure and function of FHL family members, to comprehensively elucidate the mechanisms by which they regulate the heart, and to explore in depth the changes in FHL family members observed in different cardiac disorders, as well as the effects of mutations in FHL proteins on heart health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongbing Qi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China
| | - Wenqiang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China; Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China
| | - Yixin Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China
| | - Kexin Lian
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China
| | - Chengxia Kan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China; Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China
| | - Ningning Hou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China.
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, China.
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3
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Shimizu K, Kahramanian A, Jabbar MADA, Turna Demir F, Gokyer D, Uthamacumaran A, Rajan A, Saad MA, Gorham J, Wakimoto H, Martuza RL, Rabkin SD, Hasan T, Wakimoto H. Photodynamic augmentation of oncolytic virus therapy for central nervous system malignancies. Cancer Lett 2023; 572:216363. [PMID: 37619813 PMCID: PMC10529118 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have emerged as a clinical therapeutic modality potentially effective for cancers that evade conventional therapies, including central nervous system malignancies. Rationally designed combinatorial strategies can augment the efficacy of OVs by boosting tumor-selective cytotoxicity and modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer not only mediates direct neoplastic cell death but also primes the TME to sensitize the tumor to secondary therapies, allowing for the combination of two potentially synergistic therapies with broader targets. Here, we created G47Δ-KR, clinical oncolytic herpes simplex virus G47Δ that expresses photosensitizer protein KillerRed (KR). Optical properties and cytotoxic effects of G47Δ-KR infection followed by amber LED illumination (peak wavelength: 585-595 nm) were examined in human glioblastoma (GBM) and malignant meningioma (MM) models in vitro. G47Δ-KR infection of tumor cells mediated KR expression that was activated by LED and produced reactive oxygen species, leading to cell death that was more robust than G47Δ-KR without light. In vivo, we tested photodynamic-oncolytic virus (PD-OV) therapy employing intratumoral injection of G47Δ-KR followed by laser light tumor irradiation (wavelength: 585 nm) in GBM and MM xenografts. PD-OV therapy was feasible in these models and resulted in potent anti-tumor effects that were superior to G47Δ-KR alone (without laser light) or laser light alone. RNA sequencing analysis of post-treatment tumor samples revealed PD-OV therapy-induced increases in TME infiltration of variable immune cell types. This study thus demonstrated the proof-of-concept that G47Δ-KR enables PD-OV therapy for neuro-oncological malignancies and warrants further research to advance potential clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhide Shimizu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andranik Kahramanian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Fatma Turna Demir
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Medical Laboratory Techniques Programme, Vocational School of Health Services, Antalya Bilim University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Dilan Gokyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Abicumaran Uthamacumaran
- McGill University, McGill Genome Center, Montreal, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anant Rajan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Mohammad Ahsan Saad
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Joshua Gorham
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hiroko Wakimoto
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Robert L Martuza
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Samuel D Rabkin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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4
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Stern JA, Rivas VN, Kaplan JL, Ueda Y, Oldach MS, Ontiveros ES, Kooiker KB, van Dijk SJ, Harris SP. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in purpose-bred cats with the A31P mutation in cardiac myosin binding protein-C. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10319. [PMID: 37365215 PMCID: PMC10293195 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36932-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We sought to establish a large animal model of inherited hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) with sufficient disease severity and early penetrance for identification of novel therapeutic strategies. HCM is the most common inherited cardiac disorder affecting 1 in 250-500 people, yet few therapies for its treatment or prevention are available. A research colony of purpose-bred cats carrying the A31P mutation in MYBPC3 was founded using sperm from a single heterozygous male cat. Cardiac function in four generations was assessed by periodic echocardiography and measurement of blood biomarkers. Results showed that HCM penetrance was age-dependent, and that penetrance occurred earlier and was more severe in successive generations, especially in homozygotes. Homozygosity was also associated with progression from preclinical to clinical disease. A31P homozygous cats represent a heritable model of HCM with early disease penetrance and a severe phenotype necessary for interventional studies aimed at altering disease progression. The occurrence of a more severe phenotype in later generations of cats, and the occasional occurrence of HCM in wildtype cats suggests the presence of at least one gene modifier or a second causal variant in this research colony that exacerbates the HCM phenotype when inherited in combination with the A31P mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Stern
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1038 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Victor N Rivas
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1038 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Joanna L Kaplan
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Yu Ueda
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1038 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Maureen S Oldach
- VCA Sacramento Veterinary Referral Center, 9801 Old Winery Place, Sacramento, CA, 95827, USA
| | - Eric S Ontiveros
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, 7910 Frost Street, San Diego, CA, 92123, USA
| | - Kristina B Kooiker
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98109, USA
| | - Sabine J van Dijk
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Samantha P Harris
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, 313 Medical Research Building, 1656 E Mabel St., Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
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5
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Reichart D, Newby GA, Wakimoto H, Lun M, Gorham JM, Curran JJ, Raguram A, DeLaughter DM, Conner DA, Marsiglia JDC, Kohli S, Chmatal L, Page DC, Zabaleta N, Vandenberghe L, Liu DR, Seidman JG, Seidman C. Efficient in vivo genome editing prevents hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in mice. Nat Med 2023; 29:412-421. [PMID: 36797483 PMCID: PMC9941048 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-02190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Dominant missense pathogenic variants in cardiac myosin heavy chain cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a currently incurable disorder that increases risk for stroke, heart failure and sudden cardiac death. In this study, we assessed two different genetic therapies-an adenine base editor (ABE8e) and a potent Cas9 nuclease delivered by AAV9-to prevent disease in mice carrying the heterozygous HCM pathogenic variant myosin R403Q. One dose of dual-AAV9 vectors, each carrying one half of RNA-guided ABE8e, corrected the pathogenic variant in ≥70% of ventricular cardiomyocytes and maintained durable, normal cardiac structure and function. An additional dose provided more editing in the atria but also increased bystander editing. AAV9 delivery of RNA-guided Cas9 nuclease effectively inactivated the pathogenic allele, albeit with dose-dependent toxicities, necessitating a narrow therapeutic window to maintain health. These preclinical studies demonstrate considerable potential for single-dose genetic therapies to correct or silence pathogenic variants and prevent the development of HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Reichart
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gregory A Newby
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Hiroko Wakimoto
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingyue Lun
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua M Gorham
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justin J Curran
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aditya Raguram
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Daniel M DeLaughter
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - David A Conner
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Sajeev Kohli
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | | | - David C Page
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nerea Zabaleta
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Luk Vandenberghe
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David R Liu
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | | | - Christine Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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Candidate genes and their alternative splicing may be potential biomarkers of acute myocardial infarction: a study of mouse model. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:505. [DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02961-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of death in human being, and an effective diagnostic biomarker is still lacking. Whilst some gene association with AMI has been identified by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), the relationship between alternative splicing and AMI is not clear.
Methods
We retrieved myocardial tissues within 24 h from mice with induced AMI and sham, and analysed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differential alternative splicing genes (DASGs) by RNA-seq. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis and protein interaction network analysis were performed on DEGs-DASGs-overlap genes. PCR was used to verify the expression levels of representative genes and alternative splicing in myocardial tissues of AMI and sham mice.
Results
1367 DEGs were identified, including 242 up-regulated and 1125 down-regulated genes, among which there were 42 DASGs. GO analysis showed that the cellular component was primarily enriched in plasma membrane, cell membrane integrity and extracellular region. The molecular function was enriched in protein binding and metal ion binding. The biological process was primarily enriched in cell adhesion, immune system process and cell differentiation. KEGG analysis showed the enrichment was mainly in JAK-STAT and PI3K-AKT signalling pathway. Postn, Fhl1, and Fn1 were low-expressed while Postn alternative splicing was high-expressed in myocardial tissue of AMI mice, which was consistent with sequencing results.
Conclusions
The pathogenesis of AMI involves differentially expressed genes and differential alternative splicing. These differentially expressed genes and their alternative splicing, especially, Fhl1, Fn1 and Postn may become new biomarkers of AMI.
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Yadin D, Petrover Z, Shainberg A, Alcalai R, Waldman M, Seidman J, Seidman CE, Abraham NG, Hochhauser E, Arad M. Autophagy Guided Interventions to Modify the Cardiac Phenotype of Danon Disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 204:115229. [PMID: 36027926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Danon disease is a lethal X-linked genetic syndrome resulting from radical mutations in the LAMP2 gene. LAMP2 protein deficiency results in defective lysosomal function, autophagy arrest and a multisystem disorder primarily involving the heart, skeletal muscle and the central nervous system. Cardiomyopathy is the main cause of morbidity and mortality. To investigate the mechanisms of and develop therapies for cardiac Danon disease we engineered a mouse model carrying an exon 6 deletion human mutation in LAMP2, which recapitulates the human cardiac disease phenotype. Mice develop cardiac hypertrophy followed by left ventricular dilatation and systolic dysfunction, in association with progressive fibrosis, oxidative stress, accumulation of autophagosomes and activation of proteasome. Stimulation of autophagy in Danon mice (by exercise training, caloric restriction, and rapamycin) aggravate the disease phenotype by promoting dilated cardiomyopathy. Inhibiting autophagy (by high fat diet or hydroxychloroquine) is better tolerated by Danon mice compared to wild type but is not curative. Inhibiting proteasome by Velcade was found to be highly toxic to Danon mice, suggesting that proteasome is activated to compensate for defective autophagy. In conclusion, activation of autophagy should be avoided in Danon patients. Since Danon's is a lifelong disease, we suggest that lifestyle interventions to decrease cardiac stress may be useful to slow progression of Danon's cardiomyopathy. While Danon mice better tolerate high fat diet and sedentary lifestyle, the benefit regarding cardiomyopathy in humans needs to be balanced against other health consequences of such interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dor Yadin
- Felsenstein Research Center and the Department of Cardiothoracic, Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel; Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Zachary Petrover
- Felsenstein Research Center and the Department of Cardiothoracic, Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel; Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Ronny Alcalai
- Heart Institute, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. 5. Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maayan Waldman
- Felsenstein Research Center and the Department of Cardiothoracic, Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Jon Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine E Seidman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Nader G Abraham
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Edith Hochhauser
- Felsenstein Research Center and the Department of Cardiothoracic, Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Michael Arad
- Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.
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8
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Stathopoulou K, Schnittger J, Raabe J, Fleischer F, Mangels N, Piasecki A, Findlay J, Hartmann K, Krasemann S, Schlossarek S, Uebeler J, Wixler V, Blake DJ, Baillie GS, Carrier L, Ehler E, Cuello F. CMYA5 is a novel interaction partner of FHL2 in cardiac myocytes. FEBS J 2022; 289:4622-4645. [PMID: 35176204 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Four-and-a-half LIM domains protein 2 (FHL2) is an anti-hypertrophic adaptor protein that regulates cardiac myocyte signalling and function. Herein, we identified cardiomyopathy-associated 5 (CMYA5) as a novel FHL2 interaction partner in cardiac myocytes. In vitro pull-down assays demonstrated interaction between FHL2 and the N- and C-terminal regions of CMYA5. The interaction was verified in adult cardiac myocytes by proximity ligation assays. Immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy demonstrated co-localisation in the same subcellular compartment. The binding interface between FHL2 and CMYA5 was mapped by peptide arrays. Exposure of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes to a CMYA5 peptide covering one of the FHL2 interaction sites led to an increase in cell area at baseline, but a blunted response to chronic phenylephrine treatment. In contrast to wild-type hearts, loss or reduced FHL2 expression in Fhl2-targeted knockout mouse hearts or in a humanised mouse model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy led to redistribution of CMYA5 into the perinuclear and intercalated disc region. Taken together, our results indicate a direct interaction of the two adaptor proteins FHL2 and CMYA5 in cardiac myocytes, which might impact subcellular compartmentation of CMYA5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Stathopoulou
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Josef Schnittger
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Janice Raabe
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Frederic Fleischer
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Nils Mangels
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Angelika Piasecki
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Jane Findlay
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Kristin Hartmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Krasemann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Saskia Schlossarek
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - June Uebeler
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Viktor Wixler
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, Westfaelische Wilhelms-University, Germany
| | - Derek J Blake
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK
| | - George S Baillie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Lucie Carrier
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Ehler
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, BHF Research Excellence Centre, King's College London, UK.,Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics (School of Basic and Medical Biosciences), King's College London, UK
| | - Friederike Cuello
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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9
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Axelsson Raja A, Wakimoto H, DeLaughter DM, Reichart D, Gorham J, Conner DA, Lun M, Probst CK, Sakai N, Knipe RS, Montesi SB, Shea B, Adam LP, Leinwand LA, Wan W, Choi ES, Lindberg EL, Patone G, Noseda M, Hübner N, Seidman CE, Tager AM, Seidman JG, Ho CY. Ablation of lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 attenuates hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a mouse model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2204174119. [PMID: 35787042 PMCID: PMC9282378 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204174119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis is a key pathologic feature of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, the fibrotic pathways activated by HCM-causing sarcomere protein gene mutations are poorly defined. Because lysophosphatidic acid is a mediator of fibrosis in multiple organs and diseases, we tested the role of the lysophosphatidic acid pathway in HCM. Lysphosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPAR1), a cell surface receptor, is required for lysophosphatidic acid mediation of fibrosis. We bred HCM mice carrying a pathogenic myosin heavy-chain variant (403+/-) with Lpar1-ablated mice to create mice carrying both genetic changes (403+/- LPAR1 -/-) and assessed development of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Compared with 403+/- LPAR1WT, 403+/- LPAR1 -/- mice developed significantly less hypertrophy and fibrosis. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing of left ventricular tissue demonstrated that Lpar1 was predominantly expressed by lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and cardiac fibroblasts. Lpar1 ablation reduced the population of LECs, confirmed by immunofluorescence staining of the LEC markers Lyve1 and Ccl21a and, by in situ hybridization, for Reln and Ccl21a. Lpar1 ablation also altered the distribution of fibroblast cell states. FB1 and FB2 fibroblasts decreased while FB0 and FB3 fibroblasts increased. Our findings indicate that Lpar1 is expressed predominantly by LECs and fibroblasts in the heart and is required for development of hypertrophy and fibrosis in an HCM mouse model. LPAR1 antagonism, including agents in clinical trials for other fibrotic diseases, may be beneficial for HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Axelsson Raja
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hiroko Wakimoto
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | | | - Daniel Reichart
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Joshua Gorham
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - David A. Conner
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Mingyue Lun
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Clemens K. Probst
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Fibrosis Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Norihiko Sakai
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Fibrosis Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Division of Nephrology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192 Japan
| | - Rachel S. Knipe
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Fibrosis Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Sydney B. Montesi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Barry Shea
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Albert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Leonard P. Adam
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08540
| | - Leslie A. Leinwand
- Biofrontiers Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80302
| | - William Wan
- Biofrontiers Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80302
| | - Esther Sue Choi
- Biofrontiers Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80302
| | - Eric L. Lindberg
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Giannino Patone
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michela Noseda
- National Heart and Lung Institute, British Heart Foundation Centre of Regenerative Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Norbert Hübner
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Berlin, 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine E. Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- HHMI, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
| | - Andrew M. Tager
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Fibrosis Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - J. G. Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Carolyn Y. Ho
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
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10
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Previs MJ, O’Leary TS, Morley MP, Palmer B, LeWinter M, Yob J, Pagani FD, Petucci C, Kim MS, Margulies KB, Arany Z, Kelly DP, Day SM. Defects in the Proteome and Metabolome in Human Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Circ Heart Fail 2022; 15:e009521. [PMID: 35543134 PMCID: PMC9708114 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.121.009521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defects in energetics are thought to be central to the pathophysiology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM); yet, the determinants of ATP availability are not known. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the nature and extent of metabolic reprogramming in human HCM, and its potential impact on contractile function. METHODS We conducted proteomic and targeted, quantitative metabolomic analyses on heart tissue from patients with HCM and from nonfailing control human hearts. RESULTS In the proteomic analysis, the greatest differences observed in HCM samples compared with controls were increased abundances of extracellular matrix and intermediate filament proteins and decreased abundances of muscle creatine kinase and mitochondrial proteins involved in fatty acid oxidation. These differences in protein abundance were coupled with marked reductions in acyl carnitines, byproducts of fatty acid oxidation, in HCM samples. Conversely, the ketone body 3-hydroxybutyrate, branched chain amino acids, and their breakdown products, were all significantly increased in HCM hearts. ATP content, phosphocreatine, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and its phosphate derivatives, NADP and NADPH, and acetyl CoA were also severely reduced in HCM compared with control hearts. Functional assays performed on human skinned myocardial fibers demonstrated that the magnitude of observed reduction in ATP content in the HCM samples would be expected to decrease the rate of cross-bridge detachment. Moreover, left atrial size, an indicator of diastolic compliance, was inversely correlated with ATP content in hearts from patients with HCM. CONCLUSIONS HCM hearts display profound deficits in nucleotide availability with markedly reduced capacity for fatty acid oxidation and increases in ketone bodies and branched chain amino acids. These results have important therapeutic implications for the future design of metabolic modulators to treat HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Previs
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine
| | - Thomas S. O’Leary
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine
| | - Michael P. Morley
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Brad Palmer
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine
| | - Martin LeWinter
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine
| | - Jaime Yob
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Francis D. Pagani
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine
| | - Christopher Petucci
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Min-Soo Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Kenneth B. Margulies
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Zoltan Arany
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel P. Kelly
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Sharlene M. Day
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
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11
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Bang ML, Bogomolovas J, Chen J. Understanding the molecular basis of cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H181-H233. [PMID: 34797172 PMCID: PMC8759964 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00562.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Inherited cardiomyopathies are a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide and can be caused by mutations in a wide range of proteins located in different cellular compartments. The present review is based on Dr. Ju Chen's 2021 Robert M. Berne Distinguished Lectureship of the American Physiological Society Cardiovascular Section, in which he provided an overview of the current knowledge on the cardiomyopathy-associated proteins that have been studied in his laboratory. The review provides a general summary of the proteins in different compartments of cardiomyocytes associated with cardiomyopathies, with specific focus on the proteins that have been studied in Dr. Chen's laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise Bang
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Milan Unit, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (Milan), Italy
| | - Julius Bogomolovas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ju Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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12
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van der Pijl RJ, Domenighetti AA, Sheikh F, Ehler E, Ottenheijm CAC, Lange S. The titin N2B and N2A regions: biomechanical and metabolic signaling hubs in cross-striated muscles. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:653-677. [PMID: 34745373 PMCID: PMC8553726 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00836-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle specific signaling has been shown to originate from myofilaments and their associated cellular structures, including the sarcomeres, costameres or the cardiac intercalated disc. Two signaling hubs that play important biomechanical roles for cardiac and/or skeletal muscle physiology are the N2B and N2A regions in the giant protein titin. Prominent proteins associated with these regions in titin are chaperones Hsp90 and αB-crystallin, members of the four-and-a-half LIM (FHL) and muscle ankyrin repeat protein (Ankrd) families, as well as thin filament-associated proteins, such as myopalladin. This review highlights biological roles and properties of the titin N2B and N2A regions in health and disease. Special emphasis is placed on functions of Ankrd and FHL proteins as mechanosensors that modulate muscle-specific signaling and muscle growth. This region of the sarcomere also emerged as a hotspot for the modulation of passive muscle mechanics through altered titin phosphorylation and splicing, as well as tethering mechanisms that link titin to the thin filament system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea A. Domenighetti
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Farah Sheikh
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Elisabeth Ehler
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Coen A. C. Ottenheijm
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan Lange
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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13
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Alcalai R, Arad M, Wakimoto H, Yadin D, Gorham J, Wang L, Burns E, Maron BJ, Roberts WC, Konno T, Conner DA, Perez-Atayde AR, Seidman JG, Seidman CE. LAMP2 Cardiomyopathy: Consequences of Impaired Autophagy in the Heart. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e018829. [PMID: 34459252 PMCID: PMC8649277 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.018829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Human mutations in the X‐linked lysosome‐associated membrane protein‐2 (LAMP2) gene can cause a multisystem Danon disease or a primary cardiomyopathy characterized by massive hypertrophy, conduction system abnormalities, and malignant ventricular arrhythmias. We introduced an in‐frame LAMP2 gene exon 6 deletion mutation (denoted L2Δ6) causing human cardiomyopathy, into mouse LAMP2 gene, to elucidate its consequences on cardiomyocyte biology. This mutation results in in‐frame deletion of 41 amino acids, compatible with presence of some defective LAMP2 protein. Methods and Results Left ventricular tissues from L2Δ6 and wild‐type mice had equivalent amounts of LAMP2 RNA, but a significantly lower level of LAMP2 protein. By 20 weeks of age male mutant mice developed left ventricular hypertrophy which was followed by left ventricular dilatation and reduced systolic function. Cardiac electrophysiology and isolated cardiomyocyte studies demonstrated ventricular arrhythmia, conduction disturbances, abnormal calcium transients and increased sensitivity to catecholamines. Myocardial fibrosis was strikingly increased in 40‐week‐old L2Δ6 mice, recapitulating findings of human LAMP2 cardiomyopathy. Immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy identified mislocalization of lysosomes and accumulation of autophagosomes between sarcomeres, causing profound morphological changes disrupting the cellular ultrastructure. Transcription profile and protein expression analyses of L2Δ6 hearts showed significantly increased expression of genes encoding activators and protein components of autophagy, hypertrophy, and apoptosis. Conclusions We suggest that impaired autophagy results in cardiac hypertrophy and profound transcriptional reactions that impacted metabolism, calcium homeostasis, and cell survival. These responses define the molecular pathways that underlie the pathology and aberrant electrophysiology in cardiomyopathy of Danon disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Alcalai
- Heart InstituteHadassah Hebrew University Medical Center Jerusalem Israel.,Department of Genetics Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Michael Arad
- Division of Cardiology Sheba Medical Centre and Tel Aviv University Ramat Gan Israel
| | | | - Dor Yadin
- Division of Cardiology Sheba Medical Centre and Tel Aviv University Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Joshua Gorham
- Department of Genetics Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Libin Wang
- Department of Genetics Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Elia Burns
- Heart InstituteHadassah Hebrew University Medical Center Jerusalem Israel
| | - Barry J Maron
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation Minneapolis MN
| | - William C Roberts
- Baylor Heart & Vascular InstituteBaylor University Medical Center Dallas TX
| | - Tetsuo Konno
- Department of Genetics Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | | | | | - Jon G Seidman
- Department of Genetics Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Christine E Seidman
- Department of Genetics Harvard Medical School Boston MA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Cardiovascular DivisionBrigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA
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14
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Xu J, Liu X, Dai Q. Integration of transcriptomic data identifies key hallmark genes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:330. [PMID: 34225646 PMCID: PMC8259117 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) represents one of the most common inherited heart diseases. To identify key molecules involved in the development of HCM, gene expression patterns of the heart tissue samples in HCM patients from multiple microarray and RNA-seq platforms were investigated. METHODS The significant genes were obtained through the intersection of two gene sets, corresponding to the identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) within the microarray data and within the RNA-Seq data. Those genes were further ranked using minimum-Redundancy Maximum-Relevance feature selection algorithm. Moreover, the genes were assessed by three different machine learning methods for classification, including support vector machines, random forest and k-Nearest Neighbor. RESULTS Outstanding results were achieved by taking exclusively the top eight genes of the ranking into consideration. Since the eight genes were identified as candidate HCM hallmark genes, the interactions between them and known HCM disease genes were explored through the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Most candidate HCM hallmark genes were found to have direct or indirect interactions with known HCM diseases genes in the PPI network, particularly the hub genes JAK2 and GADD45A. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the transcriptomic data integration, in combination with machine learning methods, in providing insight into the key hallmark genes in the genetic etiology of HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- Institute of Life Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiming Dai
- Department of Cardiology, ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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15
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Onoue K, Wakimoto H, Jiang J, Parfenov M, DePalma S, Conner D, Gorham J, McKean D, Seidman JG, Seidman CE, Saito Y. Cardiomyocyte Proliferative Capacity Is Restricted in Mice With Lmna Mutation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:639148. [PMID: 34250035 PMCID: PMC8260675 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.639148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
LMNA is one of the leading causative genes of genetically inherited dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Unlike most DCM-causative genes, which encode sarcomeric or sarcomere-related proteins, LMNA encodes nuclear envelope proteins, lamin A and C, and does not directly associate with contractile function. However, a mutation in this gene could lead to the development of DCM. The molecular mechanism of how LMNA mutation contributes to DCM development remains largely unclear and yet to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to clarify the mechanism of developing DCM caused by LMNA mutation. Methods and Results: We assessed cardiomyocyte phenotypes and characteristics focusing on cell cycle activity in mice with Lmna mutation. Both cell number and cell size were reduced, cardiomyocytes were immature, and cell cycle activity was retarded in Lmna mutant mice at both 5 weeks and 2 years of age. RNA-sequencing and pathway analysis revealed "proliferation of cells" had the most substantial impact on Lmna mutant mice. Cdkn1a, which encodes the cell cycle regulating protein p21, was strongly upregulated in Lmna mutants, and upregulation of p21 was confirmed by Western blot and immunostaining. DNA damage, which is known to upregulate Cdkn1a, was more abundantly detected in Lmna mutant mice. To assess the proliferative capacity of cardiomyocytes, the apex of the neonate mouse heart was resected, and recovery from the insult was observed. A restricted cardiomyocyte proliferating capacity after resecting the apex of the heart was observed in Lmna mutant mice. Conclusions: Our results strongly suggest that loss of lamin function contributes to impaired cell proliferation through cell cycle defects. The inadequate inborn or responsive cell proliferation capacity plays an essential role in developing DCM with LMNA mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Onoue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hiroko Wakimoto
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jiangming Jiang
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michael Parfenov
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Steven DePalma
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David Conner
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joshua Gorham
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David McKean
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jonathan G Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christine E Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yoshihiko Saito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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16
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Ueda Y, Kovacs S, Reader R, Roberts JA, Stern JA. Heritability and Pedigree Analyses of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Rhesus Macaques ( Macaca Mulatta). Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:540493. [PMID: 34150876 PMCID: PMC8206789 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.540493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In a colony of rhesus macaques at California National Primate Research Center (CNPRC), naturally occurring hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) classified by left ventricular hypertrophy without obvious underlying diseases has been identified during necropsy over the last two decades. A preliminary pedigree analysis suggested a strong genetic predisposition of this disease with a founder effect. However, the mode of inheritance was undetermined due to insufficient pedigree data. Since 2015, antemortem examination using echocardiographic examination as well as other cardiovascular analyses have been performed on large numbers of rhesus macaques at the colony. Based on antemortem examination, HCM was diagnosed in additional 65 rhesus macaques. Using HCM cases diagnosed based on antemortem and postmortem examinations, the heritability (h2) was estimated to determine the degree of genetic and environmental contributions to the development of HCM in rhesus macaques at the CNPRC. The calculated mean and median heritability (h2) of HCM in this colony of rhesus macaques were 0.5 and 0.51 (95% confidence interval; 0.14-0.82), respectively. This suggests genetics influence development of HCM in the colony of rhesus macaques. However, post-translational modifications and environmental factors are also likely to contribute the variability of phenotypic expression. Based on the pedigree analysis, an autosomal recessive trait was suspected, but an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance with incomplete penetrance was also possible. Further investigation with more data from siblings, offspring, and parents of HCM-affected rhesus macaques are warranted. Importantly, the findings of the present study support conducting genetic investigations such as whole genome sequencing to identify the causative variants of inherited HCM in rhesus macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ueda
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States,Yu Ueda
| | - Samantha Kovacs
- Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Rachel Reader
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Roberts
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Joshua A. Stern
- Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States,California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Joshua A. Stern
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17
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Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic disease of the myocardium characterized by a hypertrophic left ventricle with a preserved or increased ejection fraction. Cardiac hypertrophy is often asymmetrical, which is associated with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Myocyte hypertrophy, disarray, and myocardial fibrosis constitute the histological features of HCM. HCM is a relatively benign disease but an important cause of sudden cardiac death in the young and heart failure in the elderly. Pathogenic variants (PVs) in genes encoding protein constituents of the sarcomeres are the main causes of HCM. PVs exhibit a gradient of effect sizes, as reflected in their penetrance and variable phenotypic expression of HCM. MYH7 and MYBPC3, encoding β-myosin heavy chain and myosin binding protein C, respectively, are the two most common causal genes and responsible for ≈40% of all HCM cases but a higher percentage of HCM in large families. PVs in genes encoding protein components of the thin filaments are responsible for ≈5% of the HCM cases. Whereas pathogenicity of the genetic variants in large families has been firmly established, ascertainment causality of the PVs in small families and sporadic cases is challenging. In the latter category, PVs are best considered as probabilistic determinants of HCM. Deciphering the genetic basis of HCM has enabled routine genetic testing and has partially elucidated the underpinning mechanism of HCM as increased number of the myosin molecules that are strongly bound to actin. The discoveries have led to the development of mavacamten that targets binding of the myosin molecule to actin filaments and imparts beneficial clinical effects. In the coming years, the yield of the genetic testing is expected to be improved and the so-called missing causal gene be identified. The advances are also expected to enable development of additional specific therapies and editing of the mutations in HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Marian
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston
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18
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Dieseldorff Jones KM, Vied C, Valera IC, Chase PB, Parvatiyar MS, Pinto JR. Sexual dimorphism in cardiac transcriptome associated with a troponin C murine model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14396. [PMID: 32189431 PMCID: PMC7081104 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart disease remains the number one killer of women in the US. Nonetheless, studies in women and female animal models continue to be underrepresented in cardiac research. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), the most commonly inherited cardiac disorder, has been tied to sarcomeric protein variants in both sexes. Among the susceptible genes, TNNC1-encoding cardiac troponin C (cTnC)-causes a substantial HCM phenotype in mice. Mice bearing an HCM-associated cTnC-A8V point mutation exhibited a significant decrease in stroke volume and left ventricular diameter and volume. Importantly, isovolumetric contraction time was significantly higher for female HCM mice. We utilized a transcriptomic approach to investigate the basis underlying the sexual dimorphism observed in the cardiac physiology of adult male and female HCM mice. RNA sequencing revealed several altered canonical pathways within the HCM mice versus WT groups including an increase in eukaryotic initiation factor 2 signaling, integrin-linked kinase signaling, actin nucleation by actin-related protein-Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome family protein complex, regulation of actin-based motility by Rho kinase, vitamin D receptor/retinoid X receptor activation, and glutathione redox reaction pathways. In contrast, valine degradation, tricarboxylic acid cycle II, methionine degradation, and inositol phosphate compound pathways were notably down-regulated in HCM mice. These down-regulated pathways may be reduced in response to altered energetics in the hypertrophied hearts and may represent conservation of energy as the heart is compensating to meet increased contractile demands. HCM male versus female mice followed similar trends of the canonical pathways altered between HCM and WT. In addition, seven of the differentially expressed genes in both WT and HCM male versus female comparisons swapped directions in fold-change between the sexes. These findings suggest a sexually-dimorphic HCM phenotype due to a sarcomeric mutation and pinpoint several key targetable pathways and genes that may provide the means to alleviate the more severe decline in female cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cynthia Vied
- Translational Science LaboratoryCollege of MedicineFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFLUSA
| | - Isela C. Valera
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise SciencesFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFLUSA
| | - P. Bryant Chase
- Department of Biological ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFLUSA
| | - Michelle S. Parvatiyar
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise SciencesFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFLUSA
| | - Jose R. Pinto
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCollege of MedicineFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFLUSA
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19
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Fu Y, Xu M, Cui Z, Yang Z, Zhang Z, Yin X, Huang X, Zhou M, Wang X, Chen C. Genome-wide identification of FHL1 as a powerful prognostic candidate and potential therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukaemia. EBioMedicine 2020; 52:102664. [PMID: 32062360 PMCID: PMC7021551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a malignant haematological tumour with high heterogeneity and mortality. A reliable prognostic assessment is critical for treatment strategies. However, the current prognostic evaluation system of AML is insufficient. Methods Genome-wide univariate Cox regression analysis was performed on three independent AML datasets to screen for the prognostic-related genes. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was employed to verify the efficacy of FHL1 in evaluating overall survival in 1298 de novo AML patients, 648 non-acute promyelocytic leukaemia AML patients and 407 cytogenetically normal AML patients; the data for some of these patients were also used for EFS and RFS validation. Multivariate Cox regression was performed to validate FHL1 as an independent prognostic indicator. WGCNA, GSEA, and gene correlation analysis were applied to explore the mechanism of FHL1 in AML. The synergistic cytocidal effect of FHL1 knockdown was verified in in vitro experiments. Findings Comprehensive genome-wide analyses and large-sample validation showed that FHL1 is a powerful prognostic candidate for overall survival, event-free survival, and relapse-free survival in AML and is independent of prognosis-related clinical factors and genetic abnormalities. The molecular mechanism may occur through regulation of FHL1 in leukaemia stem cells, tumour-associated signalling pathways, and transmembrane transport of chemotherapeutic drugs. FHL1-targeted intervention enhances the sensitivity of AML cells to cytarabine. Interpretation FHL1 may serve as an evaluation factor for clinical strategy selection, and its targeted intervention may be beneficial for chemotherapy in AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Fu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Man Xu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zelong Cui
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zongcheng Yang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Fintech Institute of the People's Bank of China, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaolin Yin
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangnan Huang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Minran Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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20
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Radke MH, Polack C, Methawasin M, Fink C, Granzier HL, Gotthardt M. Deleting Full Length Titin Versus the Titin M-Band Region Leads to Differential Mechanosignaling and Cardiac Phenotypes. Circulation 2020; 139:1813-1827. [PMID: 30700140 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.037588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Titin is a giant elastic protein that spans the half-sarcomere from Z-disk to M-band. It acts as a molecular spring and mechanosensor and has been linked to striated muscle disease. The pathways that govern titin-dependent cardiac growth and contribute to disease are diverse and difficult to dissect. METHODS To study titin deficiency versus dysfunction, the authors generated and compared striated muscle specific knockouts (KOs) with progressive postnatal loss of the complete titin protein by removing exon 2 (E2-KO) or an M-band truncation that eliminates proper sarcomeric integration, but retains all other functional domains (M-band exon 1/2 [M1/2]-KO). The authors evaluated cardiac function, cardiomyocyte mechanics, and the molecular basis of the phenotype. RESULTS Skeletal muscle atrophy with reduced strength, severe sarcomere disassembly, and lethality from 2 weeks of age were shared between the models. Cardiac phenotypes differed considerably: loss of titin leads to dilated cardiomyopathy with combined systolic and diastolic dysfunction-the absence of M-band titin to cardiac atrophy and preserved function. The elastic properties of M1/2-KO cardiomyocytes are maintained, while passive stiffness is reduced in the E2-KO. In both KOs, we find an increased stress response and increased expression of proteins linked to titin-based mechanotransduction (CryAB, ANKRD1, muscle LIM protein, FHLs, p42, Camk2d, p62, and Nbr1). Among them, FHL2 and the M-band signaling proteins p62 and Nbr1 are exclusively upregulated in the E2-KO, suggesting a role in the differential pathology of titin truncation versus deficiency of the full-length protein. The differential stress response is consistent with truncated titin contributing to the mechanical properties in M1/2-KOs, while low titin levels in E2-KOs lead to reduced titin-based stiffness and increased strain on the remaining titin molecules. CONCLUSIONS Progressive depletion of titin leads to sarcomere disassembly and atrophy in striated muscle. In the complete knockout, remaining titin molecules experience increased strain, resulting in mechanically induced trophic signaling and eventually dilated cardiomyopathy. The truncated titin in M1/2-KO helps maintain the passive properties and thus reduces mechanically induced signaling. Together, these findings contribute to the molecular understanding of why titin mutations differentially affect cardiac growth and have implications for genotype-phenotype relations that support a personalized medicine approach to the diverse titinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Radke
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (M.H.R., C.P., C.F., M.G.).,DZHK: German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Berlin, Germany (M.H.R., M.G.)
| | - Christopher Polack
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (M.H.R., C.P., C.F., M.G.)
| | - Mei Methawasin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (M.M., H.G.). The current affiliation for P.S. and T.S. is Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Claudia Fink
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (M.H.R., C.P., C.F., M.G.)
| | - Henk L Granzier
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (M.M., H.G.). The current affiliation for P.S. and T.S. is Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Gotthardt
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (M.H.R., C.P., C.F., M.G.).,DZHK: German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, Berlin, Germany (M.H.R., M.G.)
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21
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Coats CJ, Heywood WE, Virasami A, Ashrafi N, Syrris P, Dos Remedios C, Treibel TA, Moon JC, Lopes LR, McGregor CGA, Ashworth M, Sebire NJ, McKenna WJ, Mills K, Elliott PM. Proteomic Analysis of the Myocardium in Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2019; 11:e001974. [PMID: 30562113 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.117.001974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by a complex phenotype that is only partly explained by the biological effects of individual genetic variants. The aim of this study was to use proteomic analysis of myocardial tissue to explore the postgenomic phenotype. METHODS Label-free proteomic analysis was used initially to compare protein profiles in myocardial samples from 11 patients with HCM undergoing surgical myectomy with control samples from 6 healthy unused donor hearts. Differentially expressed proteins of interest were validated in myocardial samples from 65 unrelated individuals (HCM [n=51], controls [n=7], and aortic stenosis [n=7]) by the development and use of targeted multiple reaction monitoring-based triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. RESULTS In this exploratory study, 1586 proteins were identified with 151 proteins differentially expressed in HCM samples compared with controls ( P<0.05). Protein expression profiling showed that many proteins identified in the initial discovery study were associated with metabolism, muscle contraction, calcium regulation, and oxidative stress. Proteins downregulated in HCM versus controls included creatine kinase M-type, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A, and phosphoglycerate mutase ( P<0.001). Proteins upregulated in HCM included lumican, carbonic anhydrase 3, desmin, α-actin skeletal, and FHL1 (four and a half LIM domain protein 1; P<0.01). Myocardial lumican concentration correlated with the left atrial area (ρ=0.34, P=0.015), late gadolinium enhancement on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging ( P=0.03) and the presence of a pathogenic sarcomere mutation ( P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS The myocardial proteome of HCM provides supporting evidence for dysregulation of metabolic and structural proteins. The finding that lumican is raised in HCM hearts provides insight into the myocardial fibrosis that characterizes this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J Coats
- University College London Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom (C.J.C., P.S., T.A.T., J.C.M., L.R.L., C.G.A.M., W.J.M., P.M.E.).,University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom (C.J.C., W.E.H., N.A., K.M.)
| | - Wendy E Heywood
- University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom (C.J.C., W.E.H., N.A., K.M.)
| | - Alex Virasami
- Histopathology Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom (A.V., M.A., N.J.S.)
| | - Nadia Ashrafi
- University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom (C.J.C., W.E.H., N.A., K.M.)
| | - Petros Syrris
- University College London Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom (C.J.C., P.S., T.A.T., J.C.M., L.R.L., C.G.A.M., W.J.M., P.M.E.)
| | - Cris Dos Remedios
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.d.R.)
| | - Thomas A Treibel
- University College London Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom (C.J.C., P.S., T.A.T., J.C.M., L.R.L., C.G.A.M., W.J.M., P.M.E.).,Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (T.A.T., J.C.M., L.R.L., P.M.E.)
| | - James C Moon
- University College London Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom (C.J.C., P.S., T.A.T., J.C.M., L.R.L., C.G.A.M., W.J.M., P.M.E.).,Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (T.A.T., J.C.M., L.R.L., P.M.E.)
| | - Luis R Lopes
- University College London Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom (C.J.C., P.S., T.A.T., J.C.M., L.R.L., C.G.A.M., W.J.M., P.M.E.).,Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (T.A.T., J.C.M., L.R.L., P.M.E.)
| | - Christopher G A McGregor
- University College London Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom (C.J.C., P.S., T.A.T., J.C.M., L.R.L., C.G.A.M., W.J.M., P.M.E.)
| | - Michael Ashworth
- Histopathology Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom (A.V., M.A., N.J.S.)
| | - Neil J Sebire
- Histopathology Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom (A.V., M.A., N.J.S.)
| | - William J McKenna
- University College London Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom (C.J.C., P.S., T.A.T., J.C.M., L.R.L., C.G.A.M., W.J.M., P.M.E.)
| | - Kevin Mills
- University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom (C.J.C., W.E.H., N.A., K.M.)
| | - Perry M Elliott
- University College London Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom (C.J.C., P.S., T.A.T., J.C.M., L.R.L., C.G.A.M., W.J.M., P.M.E.).,Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (T.A.T., J.C.M., L.R.L., P.M.E.)
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22
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Ning JF, Stanciu M, Humphrey MR, Gorham J, Wakimoto H, Nishihara R, Lees J, Zou L, Martuza RL, Wakimoto H, Rabkin SD. Myc targeted CDK18 promotes ATR and homologous recombination to mediate PARP inhibitor resistance in glioblastoma. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2910. [PMID: 31266951 PMCID: PMC6606647 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10993-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP inhibitors (PARPis) have clinical efficacy in BRCA-deficient cancers, but not BRCA-intact tumors, including glioblastoma (GBM). We show that MYC or MYCN amplification in patient-derived glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) generates sensitivity to PARPi via Myc-mediated transcriptional repression of CDK18, while most tumors without amplification are not sensitive. In response to PARPi, CDK18 facilitates ATR activation by interacting with ATR and regulating ATR-Rad9/ATR-ETAA1 interactions; thereby promoting homologous recombination (HR) and PARPi resistance. CDK18 knockdown or ATR inhibition in GSCs suppressed HR and conferred PARPi sensitivity, with ATR inhibitors synergizing with PARPis or sensitizing GSCs. ATR inhibitor VE822 combined with PARPi extended survival of mice bearing GSC-derived orthotopic tumors, irrespective of PARPi-sensitivity. These studies identify a role of CDK18 in ATR-regulated HR. We propose that combined blockade of ATR and PARP is an effective strategy for GBM, even for low-Myc GSCs that do not respond to PARPi alone, and potentially other PARPi-refractory tumors. PARP inhibitors are mainly used to treat BRCA1/2 mutated cancers. Here, the authors show that MYC amplified glioblastomas are sensitive to PARP inhibition due to CDK18 repression, which impairs ATR regulated homologous recombination repair, and that ATR inhibition sensitises glioblastomas to PARP inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Fang Ning
- Molecular Neurosurgery Laboratory and the Brain Tumor Research Center and Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, 55455, MN, USA.
| | - Monica Stanciu
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA
| | - Melissa R Humphrey
- Molecular Neurosurgery Laboratory and the Brain Tumor Research Center and Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | - Joshua Gorham
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Hiroko Wakimoto
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Department of Pathology, Brigham's and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Lees
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA
| | - Lee Zou
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, 02129, MA, USA
| | - Robert L Martuza
- Molecular Neurosurgery Laboratory and the Brain Tumor Research Center and Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Molecular Neurosurgery Laboratory and the Brain Tumor Research Center and Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA. .,Brain Tumor Stem Cell Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.
| | - Samuel D Rabkin
- Molecular Neurosurgery Laboratory and the Brain Tumor Research Center and Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.
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23
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Mohammadzadeh N, Lunde IG, Andenæs K, Strand ME, Aronsen JM, Skrbic B, Marstein HS, Bandlien C, Nygård S, Gorham J, Sjaastad I, Chakravarti S, Christensen G, Engebretsen KVT, Tønnessen T. The extracellular matrix proteoglycan lumican improves survival and counteracts cardiac dilatation and failure in mice subjected to pressure overload. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9206. [PMID: 31235849 PMCID: PMC6591256 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45651-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular (LV) dilatation is a key step in transition to heart failure (HF) in response to pressure overload. Cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) contains fibrillar collagens and proteoglycans, important for maintaining tissue integrity. Alterations in collagen production and cross-linking are associated with cardiac LV dilatation and HF. Lumican (LUM) is a collagen binding proteoglycan with increased expression in hearts of patients and mice with HF, however, its role in cardiac function remains poorly understood. To examine the role of LUM in pressure overload induced cardiac remodeling, we subjected LUM knock-out (LUMKO) mice to aortic banding (AB) and treated cultured cardiac fibroblasts (CFB) with LUM. LUMKO mice exhibited increased mortality 1-14 days post-AB. Echocardiography revealed increased LV dilatation, altered hypertrophic remodeling and exacerbated contractile dysfunction in surviving LUMKO 1-10w post-AB. LUMKO hearts showed reduced collagen expression and cross-linking post-AB. Transcriptional profiling of LUMKO hearts by RNA sequencing revealed 714 differentially expressed transcripts, with enrichment of cardiotoxicity, ECM and inflammatory pathways. CFB treated with LUM showed increased mRNAs for markers of myofibroblast differentiation, proliferation and expression of ECM molecules important for fibrosis, including collagens and collagen cross-linking enzyme lysyl oxidase. In conclusion, we report the novel finding that lack of LUM attenuates collagen cross-linking in the pressure-overloaded heart, leading to increased mortality, dilatation and contractile dysfunction in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiyereh Mohammadzadeh
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida G Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Molecular Medicine Norway, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kine Andenæs
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari E Strand
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Magnus Aronsen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Bjørknes College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Biljana Skrbic
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henriette S Marstein
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Caroline Bandlien
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ståle Nygård
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joshua Gorham
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shukti Chakravarti
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, PhD, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Pathology, NYU Langone Health, Alexandria Life Sciences Center, West Tower, New York, NY, NY10011, USA
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin V T Engebretsen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Surgery, Vestre Viken Hospital, Drammen, Norway
| | - Theis Tønnessen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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24
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Abstract
Heritable cardiomyopathies are a class of heart diseases caused by variations in a number of genetic loci. Genetic variants on one allele lead to either a degraded protein, which causes a haploinsufficiency of that protein, or a nonfunctioning protein that subverts the molecular system within which the protein works. Over years, both of these mechanisms eventually lead to diseased heart tissue and symptoms of a failing heart. Most cardiomyopathy treatments repurpose heart failure drugs to manage these symptoms and avoid adverse outcomes. There are few therapies that correct the underlying pathogenic genetic or molecular mechanism. This review will reflect on this unmet clinical need in genetic cardiomyopathies and consider a variety of therapies that address the mechanism of disease rather than patient symptoms. These therapies are genetic, targeting a defective gene or transcript, or ameliorating a genetic insufficiency. However, there are also a number of small molecules under exploration that modulate downstream faulty protein products affected in cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana G Repetti
- From the Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (G.G.R., C.N.T., J.G.S., C.E.S.)
| | - Christopher N Toepfer
- From the Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (G.G.R., C.N.T., J.G.S., C.E.S.)
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (C.N.T.)
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (C.N.T., C.E.S.)
| | - Jonathan G Seidman
- From the Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (G.G.R., C.N.T., J.G.S., C.E.S.)
| | - Christine E Seidman
- From the Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (G.G.R., C.N.T., J.G.S., C.E.S.)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (C.E.S.)
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25
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Biendarra-Tiegs SM, Li X, Ye D, Brandt EB, Ackerman MJ, Nelson TJ. Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing and Optical Electrophysiology of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes Reveal Discordance Between Cardiac Subtype-Associated Gene Expression Patterns and Electrophysiological Phenotypes. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:659-673. [PMID: 30892143 PMCID: PMC6534093 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to accurately phenotype cells differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is essential for their application in modeling developmental and disease processes, yet also poses a particular challenge without the context of anatomical location. Our specific objective was to determine if single-cell gene expression was sufficient to predict the electrophysiology of iPSC-derived cardiac lineages, to evaluate the concordance between molecular and functional surrogate markers. To this end, we used the genetically encoded voltage indicator ArcLight to profile hundreds of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs), thus identifying patterns of electrophysiological maturation and increased prevalence of cells with atrial-like action potentials (APs) between days 11 and 42 of differentiation. To profile expression patterns of cardiomyocyte subtype-associated genes, single-cell RNA-seq was performed at days 12 and 40 after the populations were fully characterized with the high-throughput ArcLight platform. Although we could detect global gene expression changes supporting progressive differentiation, individual cellular expression patterns alone were not able to delineate the individual cardiomyocytes into atrial, ventricular, or nodal subtypes as functionally documented by electrophysiology measurements. Furthermore, our efforts to understand the distinct electrophysiological properties associated with day 12 versus day 40 hiPSC-CMs revealed that ion channel regulators SLMAP, FGF12, and FHL1 were the most significantly increased genes at day 40, categorized by electrophysiology-related gene functions. Notably, FHL1 knockdown during differentiation was sufficient to significantly modulate APs toward ventricular-like electrophysiology. Thus, our results establish the inability of subtype-associated gene expression patterns to specifically categorize hiPSC-derived cells according to their functional electrophysiology, and yet, altered FHL1 expression is able to redirect electrophysiological maturation of these developing cells. Therefore, noncanonical gene expression patterns of cardiac maturation may be sufficient to direct functional maturation of cardiomyocytes, with canonical gene expression patterns being insufficient to temporally define cardiac subtypes of in vitro differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherri M Biendarra-Tiegs
- 1 Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,2 Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Xing Li
- 2 Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,3 Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Dan Ye
- 4 Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Emma B Brandt
- 1 Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,2 Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michael J Ackerman
- 4 Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,5 Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,6 Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Timothy J Nelson
- 1 Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,2 Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,5 Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,6 Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,7 Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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26
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Coats CJ, Heywood WE, Virasami A, Ashrafi N, Syrris P, dos Remedios C, Treibel TA, Moon JC, Lopes LR, McGregor CG, Ashworth M, Sebire NJ, McKenna WJ, Mills K, Elliott PM. Proteomic Analysis of the Myocardium in Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.117.001974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J. Coats
- University College London Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom (C.J.C., P.S., T.A.T., J.C.M., L.R.L., C.G.A.M., W.J.M., P.M.E.)
- University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom (C.J.C., W.E.H., N.A., K.M.)
| | - Wendy E. Heywood
- University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom (C.J.C., W.E.H., N.A., K.M.)
| | - Alex Virasami
- Histopathology Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom (A.V., M.A., N.J.S.)
| | - Nadia Ashrafi
- University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom (C.J.C., W.E.H., N.A., K.M.)
| | - Petros Syrris
- University College London Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom (C.J.C., P.S., T.A.T., J.C.M., L.R.L., C.G.A.M., W.J.M., P.M.E.)
| | - Cris dos Remedios
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.d.R.)
| | - Thomas A. Treibel
- University College London Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom (C.J.C., P.S., T.A.T., J.C.M., L.R.L., C.G.A.M., W.J.M., P.M.E.)
- Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (T.A.T., J.C.M., L.R.L., P.M.E.)
| | - James C. Moon
- University College London Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom (C.J.C., P.S., T.A.T., J.C.M., L.R.L., C.G.A.M., W.J.M., P.M.E.)
- Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (T.A.T., J.C.M., L.R.L., P.M.E.)
| | - Luis R. Lopes
- University College London Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom (C.J.C., P.S., T.A.T., J.C.M., L.R.L., C.G.A.M., W.J.M., P.M.E.)
- Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (T.A.T., J.C.M., L.R.L., P.M.E.)
| | - Christopher G.A. McGregor
- University College London Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom (C.J.C., P.S., T.A.T., J.C.M., L.R.L., C.G.A.M., W.J.M., P.M.E.)
| | - Michael Ashworth
- Histopathology Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom (A.V., M.A., N.J.S.)
| | - Neil J. Sebire
- Histopathology Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom (A.V., M.A., N.J.S.)
| | - William J. McKenna
- University College London Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom (C.J.C., P.S., T.A.T., J.C.M., L.R.L., C.G.A.M., W.J.M., P.M.E.)
| | - Kevin Mills
- University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom (C.J.C., W.E.H., N.A., K.M.)
| | - Perry M. Elliott
- University College London Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom (C.J.C., P.S., T.A.T., J.C.M., L.R.L., C.G.A.M., W.J.M., P.M.E.)
- Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (T.A.T., J.C.M., L.R.L., P.M.E.)
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27
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Pérez-Sánchez I, Sabater-Molina M, Muñoz-Esparza C, Gimeno-Blanes JR. Factores modificadores del fenotipo en la miocardiopatía hipertrófica. Respuesta. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Pérez-Sánchez I, Sabater-Molina M, Muñoz-Esparza C, Gimeno-Blanes JR. Phenotype-modifying Factors in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Response. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2018; 71:770-771. [PMID: 29954718 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Pérez-Sánchez
- Unidad de Cardiopatías Hereditarias, Instituto Médico de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca), El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Sabater-Molina
- Unidad de Cardiopatías Hereditarias, Instituto Médico de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca), El Palmar, Murcia, Spain; Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Carmen Muñoz-Esparza
- Departamento de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Ramón Gimeno-Blanes
- Unidad de Cardiopatías Hereditarias, Instituto Médico de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca), El Palmar, Murcia, Spain; Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain; Departamento de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
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29
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Gottlieb Sen D, Halu A, Razzaque A, Gorham JM, Hartnett J, Seidman JG, Aikawa E, Seidman CE. The Transcriptional Signature of Growth in Human Fetal Aortic Valve Development. Ann Thorac Surg 2018; 106:1834-1840. [PMID: 30071238 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the second trimester of human fetal development, a tenfold increase in fetal size occurs while cardiac valves grow and retain their function. Patterns of transcription in normally growing human aortic valves are unknown. METHODS Discarded human aortic valve samples were collected from the second trimester, 6 from early (14, 15, 17 weeks) and 6 from late (20, 21, 22 weeks) gestation. Network analysis of RNA sequencing data identified subnetworks of significantly increasing and decreasing transcripts. Subsequent cluster analysis identified patterns of transcription through the time course. Pathway enrichment analysis determined the predominant biological processes at each interval. RESULTS We observed phasic transcription over the time course, including an early decrease in cell proliferation and developmental genes (14 to 15 weeks). Pattern specification, shear stress, and adaptive immune genes were induced early. Cell adhesion genes were increased from 14 to 20 weeks. A phase involving cell differentiation and apoptosis (17 to 20 weeks) was followed by downregulation of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transformation genes and then by increased extracellular matrix organization and stabilization (20 to 22 weeks). CONCLUSIONS We present a unique data set, comprehensively characterizing human valve development after valve primordia are formed, focusing on key processes displayed by normal aortic valves undergoing significant growth. We build a time course of genes and processes in second trimester fetal valve growth and observe the sequential regulation of gene clusters over time. Critical valve growth genes are potential targets for therapeutic intervention in congenital heart disease and have implications for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Gottlieb Sen
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, Louisiana.
| | - Arda Halu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Abdur Razzaque
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Joshua M Gorham
- Department of Genetics, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jessica Hartnett
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | - Elena Aikawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
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30
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Four and a half LIM domain protein signaling and cardiomyopathy. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:1073-1085. [PMID: 29926425 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0434-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Four and a half LIM domain (FHL) protein family members, FHL1 and FHL2, are multifunctional proteins that are enriched in cardiac muscle. Although they both localize within the cardiomyocyte sarcomere (titin N2B), they have been shown to have important yet unique functions within the context of cardiac hypertrophy and disease. Studies in FHL1-deficient mice have primarily uncovered mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) scaffolding functions for FHL1 as part of a novel biomechanical stretch sensor within the cardiomyocyte sarcomere, which acts as a positive regulator of pressure overload-mediated cardiac hypertrophy. New data have highlighted a novel role for the serine/threonine protein phosphatase (PP5) as a deactivator of the FHL1-based biomechanical stretch sensor, which has implications in not only cardiac hypertrophy but also heart failure. In contrast, studies in FHL2-deficient mice have primarily uncovered an opposing role for FHL2 as a negative regulator of adrenergic-mediated signaling and cardiac hypertrophy, further suggesting unique functions targeted by FHL proteins in the "stressed" cardiomyocyte. In this review, we provide current knowledge of the role of FHL1 and FHL2 in cardiac muscle as it relates to their actions in cardiac hypertrophy and cardiomyopathy. A specific focus will be to dissect the pathways and protein-protein interactions that underlie FHLs' signaling role in cardiac hypertrophy as well as provide a comprehensive list of FHL mutations linked to cardiac disease, using evidence gained from genetic mouse models and human genetic studies.
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31
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Ziat E, Mamchaoui K, Beuvin M, Nelson I, Azibani F, Spuler S, Bonne G, Bertrand AT. FHL1B Interacts with Lamin A/C and Emerin at the Nuclear Lamina and is Misregulated in Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy. J Neuromuscul Dis 2018; 3:497-510. [PMID: 27911330 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-160169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is associated with mutations in EMD and LMNA genes, encoding for the nuclear envelope proteins emerin and lamin A/C, indicating that EDMD is a nuclear envelope disease. We recently reported mutations in FHL1 gene in X-linked EDMD. FHL1 encodes FHL1A, and the two minor isoforms FHL1B and FHL1C. So far, none have been described at the nuclear envelope. OBJECTIVE To gain insight into the pathophysiology of EDMD, we focused our attention on the poorly characterized FHL1B isoform. METHODS The amount and the localisation of FHL1B were evaluated in control and diseased human primary myoblasts using immunofluorescence and western blotting. RESULTS We found that in addition to a cytoplasmic localization, this isoform strongly accumulated at the nuclear envelope of primary human myoblasts, like but independently of lamin A/C and emerin. During myoblast differentiation, we observed a major reduction of FHL1B protein expression, especially in the nucleus. Interestingly, we found elevated FHL1B expression level in myoblasts from an FHL1-related EDMD patient where the FHL1 mutation only affects FHL1A, as well as in myoblasts from an LMNA-related EDMD patient. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, the specific localization of FHL1B and its modulation in disease-patient's myoblasts confirmed FHL1-related EDMD as a nuclear envelope disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Ziat
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Center of Research in Myology, F-75013 Paris, France.,Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation between Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine and Charite Medical Faculty, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kamel Mamchaoui
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Center of Research in Myology, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Maud Beuvin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Center of Research in Myology, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Nelson
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Center of Research in Myology, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Feriel Azibani
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Center of Research in Myology, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Simone Spuler
- Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation between Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine and Charite Medical Faculty, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gisèle Bonne
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Center of Research in Myology, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Anne T Bertrand
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Center of Research in Myology, F-75013 Paris, France
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32
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Sun X, Hota SK, Zhou YQ, Novak S, Miguel-Perez D, Christodoulou D, Seidman CE, Seidman JG, Gregorio CC, Henkelman RM, Rossant J, Bruneau BG. Cardiac-enriched BAF chromatin-remodeling complex subunit Baf60c regulates gene expression programs essential for heart development and function. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio029512. [PMID: 29183906 PMCID: PMC5829499 DOI: 10.1242/bio.029512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
How chromatin-remodeling complexes modulate gene networks to control organ-specific properties is not well understood. For example, Baf60c (Smarcd3) encodes a cardiac-enriched subunit of the SWI/SNF-like BAF chromatin complex, but its role in heart development is not fully understood. We found that constitutive loss of Baf60c leads to embryonic cardiac hypoplasia and pronounced cardiac dysfunction. Conditional deletion of Baf60c in cardiomyocytes resulted in postnatal dilated cardiomyopathy with impaired contractile function. Baf60c regulates a gene expression program that includes genes encoding contractile proteins, modulators of sarcomere function, and cardiac metabolic genes. Many of the genes deregulated in Baf60c null embryos are targets of the MEF2/SRF co-factor Myocardin (MYOCD). In a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified MYOCD as a BAF60c interacting factor; we showed that BAF60c and MYOCD directly and functionally interact. We conclude that Baf60c is essential for coordinating a program of gene expression that regulates the fundamental functional properties of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8 Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - Swetansu K Hota
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158 USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yu-Qing Zhou
- The Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Stefanie Novak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Dario Miguel-Perez
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158 USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Christine E Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - J G Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carol C Gregorio
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - R Mark Henkelman
- The Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8 Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - Janet Rossant
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8 Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - Benoit G Bruneau
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158 USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Ehsan M, Jiang H, L Thomson K, Gehmlich K. When signalling goes wrong: pathogenic variants in structural and signalling proteins causing cardiomyopathies. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2017; 38:303-316. [PMID: 29119312 PMCID: PMC5742121 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-017-9487-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies are a diverse group of cardiac disorders with distinct phenotypes, depending on the proteins and pathways affected. A substantial proportion of cardiomyopathies are inherited and those will be the focus of this review article. With the wide application of high-throughput sequencing in the practice of clinical genetics, the roles of novel genes in cardiomyopathies are recognised. Here, we focus on a subgroup of cardiomyopathy genes [TTN, FHL1, CSRP3, FLNC and PLN, coding for Titin, Four and a Half LIM domain 1, Muscle LIM Protein, Filamin C and Phospholamban, respectively], which, despite their diverse biological functions, all have important signalling functions in the heart, suggesting that disturbances in signalling networks can contribute to cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehroz Ehsan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - He Jiang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kate L Thomson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katja Gehmlich
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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34
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Cardiovascular homeostasis dependence on MICU2, a regulatory subunit of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E9096-E9104. [PMID: 29073106 PMCID: PMC5664535 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1711303114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension increases the risk for development of abdominal aortic aneurysms, a silent pathology that is prone to rupture and cause sudden cardiac death. Male gender, smoking, and hypertension appear to increase risk for development of abdominal aortic aneurysms by provoking oxidative stress responses in cardiovascular tissues. Here we uncovered unexpected linkages between the calcium-sensing regulatory subunit MICU2 of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter and stress responses. We show that naive Micu2−/− mice had abnormalities of cardiac relaxation but, with modest blood pressure elevation, developed abdominal aortic aneurysms with spontaneous rupture. These findings implicate mitochondrial calcium homeostasis as a critical pathway involved in protecting cardiovascular tissues from oxidative stress. Comparative analyses of transcriptional profiles from humans and mice with cardiovascular pathologies revealed consistently elevated expression of MICU2, a regulatory subunit of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex. To determine if MICU2 expression was cardioprotective, we produced and characterized Micu2−/− mice. Mutant mice had left atrial enlargement and Micu2−/− cardiomyocytes had delayed sarcomere relaxation and cytosolic calcium reuptake kinetics, indicating diastolic dysfunction. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of Micu2−/− ventricular tissues revealed markedly reduced transcripts encoding the apelin receptor (Micu2−/− vs. wild type, P = 7.8 × 10−40), which suppresses angiotensin II receptor signaling via allosteric transinhibition. We found that Micu2−/− and wild-type mice had comparable basal blood pressures and elevated responses to angiotensin II infusion, but that Micu2−/− mice exhibited systolic dysfunction and 30% lethality from abdominal aortic rupture. Aneurysms and rupture did not occur with norepinephrine-induced hypertension. Aortic tissue from Micu2−/− mice had increased expression of extracellular matrix remodeling genes, while single-cell RNA-seq analyses showed increased expression of genes related to reactive oxygen species, inflammation, and proliferation in fibroblast and smooth muscle cells. We concluded that Micu2−/− mice recapitulate features of diastolic heart disease and define previously unappreciated roles for Micu2 in regulating angiotensin II-mediated hypertensive responses that are critical in protecting the abdominal aorta from injury.
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35
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Abstract
Nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) often has a genetic pathogenesis. Because of the large number of genes and alleles attributed to DCM, comprehensive genetic testing encompasses ever-increasing gene panels. Genetic diagnosis can help predict prognosis, especially with regard to arrhythmia risk for certain subtypes. Moreover, cascade genetic testing in family members can identify those who are at risk or with early stage disease, offering the opportunity for early intervention. This review will address diagnosis and management of DCM, including the role of genetic evaluation. We will also overview distinct genetic pathways linked to DCM and their pathogenetic mechanisms. Historically, cardiac morphology has been used to classify cardiomyopathy subtypes. Determining genetic variants is emerging as an additional adjunct to help further refine subtypes of DCM, especially where arrhythmia risk is increased, and ultimately contribute to clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M McNally
- From the Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL (E.M.M.); and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (L.M.).
| | - Luisa Mestroni
- From the Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL (E.M.M.); and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (L.M.).
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36
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Marian AJ, Braunwald E. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Genetics, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Circ Res 2017; 121:749-770. [PMID: 28912181 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.311059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 757] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic disorder that is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy unexplained by secondary causes and a nondilated left ventricle with preserved or increased ejection fraction. It is commonly asymmetrical with the most severe hypertrophy involving the basal interventricular septum. Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction is present at rest in about one third of the patients and can be provoked in another third. The histological features of HCM include myocyte hypertrophy and disarray, as well as interstitial fibrosis. The hypertrophy is also frequently associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. In the majority of patients, HCM has a relatively benign course. However, HCM is also an important cause of sudden cardiac death, particularly in adolescents and young adults. Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, syncope, a family history of sudden cardiac death, and severe cardiac hypertrophy are major risk factors for sudden cardiac death. This complication can usually be averted by implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator in appropriate high-risk patients. Atrial fibrillation is also a common complication and is not well tolerated. Mutations in over a dozen genes encoding sarcomere-associated proteins cause HCM. MYH7 and MYBPC3, encoding β-myosin heavy chain and myosin-binding protein C, respectively, are the 2 most common genes involved, together accounting for ≈50% of the HCM families. In ≈40% of HCM patients, the causal genes remain to be identified. Mutations in genes responsible for storage diseases also cause a phenotype resembling HCM (genocopy or phenocopy). The routine applications of genetic testing and preclinical identification of family members represents an important advance. The genetic discoveries have enhanced understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of HCM and have stimulated efforts designed to identify new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali J Marian
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston (A.J.M.); Texas Heart Institute, Houston (A.J.M.); and TIMI Study Group, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.B.).
| | - Eugene Braunwald
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston (A.J.M.); Texas Heart Institute, Houston (A.J.M.); and TIMI Study Group, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.B.)
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37
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Marian AJ, van Rooij E, Roberts R. Genetics and Genomics of Single-Gene Cardiovascular Diseases: Common Hereditary Cardiomyopathies as Prototypes of Single-Gene Disorders. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 68:2831-2849. [PMID: 28007145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.09.968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This is the first of 2 review papers on genetics and genomics appearing as part of the series on "omics." Genomics pertains to all components of an organism's genes, whereas genetics involves analysis of a specific gene or genes in the context of heredity. The paper provides introductory comments, describes the basis of human genetic diversity, and addresses the phenotypic consequences of genetic variants. Rare variants with large effect sizes are responsible for single-gene disorders, whereas complex polygenic diseases are typically due to multiple genetic variants, each exerting a modest effect size. To illustrate the clinical implications of genetic variants with large effect sizes, 3 common forms of hereditary cardiomyopathies are discussed as prototypic examples of single-gene disorders, including their genetics, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, and treatment. The genetic basis of complex traits is discussed in a separate paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali J Marian
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, and Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas.
| | - Eva van Rooij
- Hubrecht Institute, KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Roberts
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
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Pillar N, Pleniceanu O, Fang M, Ziv L, Lahav E, Botchan S, Cheng L, Dekel B, Shomron N. A rare variant in the FHL1 gene associated with X-linked recessive hypoparathyroidism. Hum Genet 2017; 136:835-845. [PMID: 28444561 PMCID: PMC5487855 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-017-1804-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Isolated familial hypoparathyroidism is an extremely rare disorder, which to date has been linked to several loci including mutations in CASR, GCM2, and PTH, as well as a rare condition defined as X-linked recessive hypoparathyroidism, previously associated with a 1.5 Mb region on Xq26-q27. Here, we report a patient with hypocalcemia-induced seizures leading to the diagnosis of primary hypoparathyroidism. Mutations in CASR, GCM2, and PTH were ruled out, while whole exome sequencing of the family suggested FHL1, located on chromosome Xq26, as the most likely causative gene variant (FHL1, exon 4, c.C283T, p.R95W). Since FHL1 has not been linked to calcium regulation before, we provide evidence for its functional role in hypoparathyroidism by: (i) bioinformatics analysis coupling its action to known modulators of PTH function; (ii) observing strong expression of fhl1b in Corpuscles of Stannius, gland-like aggregates in zebrafish that function in calcium regulation similar to mammalian PTH; and (iii) implicating fhl1b and FHL1 as regulators of calcium homeostasis in zebrafish and human cells, respectively. Altogether, our data suggest that FHL1 is a novel regulator of calcium homeostasis and implicate it as the causative gene for X-linked recessive hypoparathyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Pillar
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Oren Pleniceanu
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute & Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond & Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Limor Ziv
- Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Einat Lahav
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute & Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond & Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Shay Botchan
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Benjamin Dekel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute & Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond & Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
| | - Noam Shomron
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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39
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Burke MA, Chang S, Wakimoto H, Gorham JM, Conner DA, Christodoulou DC, Parfenov MG, DePalma SR, Eminaga S, Konno T, Seidman JG, Seidman CE. Molecular profiling of dilated cardiomyopathy that progresses to heart failure. JCI Insight 2016; 1. [PMID: 27239561 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.86898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is defined by progressive functional and structural changes. We performed RNA-seq at different stages of disease to define molecular signaling in the progression from pre-DCM hearts to DCM and overt heart failure (HF) using a genetic model of DCM (phospholamban missense mutation, PLNR9C/+). Pre-DCM hearts were phenotypically normal yet displayed proliferation of nonmyocytes (59% relative increase vs. WT, P = 8 × 10-4) and activation of proinflammatory signaling with notable cardiomyocyte-specific induction of a subset of profibrotic cytokines including TGFβ2 and TGFβ3. These changes progressed through DCM and HF, resulting in substantial fibrosis (17.6% of left ventricle [LV] vs. WT, P = 6 × 10-33). Cardiomyocytes displayed a marked shift in metabolic gene transcription: downregulation of aerobic respiration and subsequent upregulation of glucose utilization, changes coincident with attenuated expression of PPARα and PPARγ coactivators -1α (PGC1α) and -1β, and increased expression of the metabolic regulator T-box transcription factor 15 (Tbx15). Comparing DCM transcriptional profiles with those in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) revealed similar and distinct molecular mechanisms. Our data suggest that cardiomyocyte-specific cytokine expression, early fibroblast activation, and the shift in metabolic gene expression are hallmarks of cardiomyopathy progression. Notably, key components of these profibrotic and metabolic networks were disease specific and distinguish DCM from HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Burke
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen Chang
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hiroko Wakimoto
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joshua M Gorham
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David A Conner
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Michael G Parfenov
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steve R DePalma
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Seda Eminaga
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tetsuo Konno
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan G Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christine E Seidman
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Green EM, Wakimoto H, Anderson RL, Evanchik MJ, Gorham JM, Harrison BC, Henze M, Kawas R, Oslob JD, Rodriguez HM, Song Y, Wan W, Leinwand LA, Spudich JA, McDowell RS, Seidman JG, Seidman CE. A small-molecule inhibitor of sarcomere contractility suppresses hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in mice. Science 2016; 351:617-21. [PMID: 26912705 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad3456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 456] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an inherited disease of heart muscle that can be caused by mutations in sarcomere proteins. Clinical diagnosis depends on an abnormal thickening of the heart, but the earliest signs of disease are hyperdynamic contraction and impaired relaxation. Whereas some in vitro studies of power generation by mutant and wild-type sarcomere proteins are consistent with mutant sarcomeres exhibiting enhanced contractile power, others are not. We identified a small molecule, MYK-461, that reduces contractility by decreasing the adenosine triphosphatase activity of the cardiac myosin heavy chain. Here we demonstrate that early, chronic administration of MYK-461 suppresses the development of ventricular hypertrophy, cardiomyocyte disarray, and myocardial fibrosis and attenuates hypertrophic and profibrotic gene expression in mice harboring heterozygous human mutations in the myosin heavy chain. These data indicate that hyperdynamic contraction is essential for HCM pathobiology and that inhibitors of sarcomere contraction may be a valuable therapeutic approach for HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroko Wakimoto
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Joshua M Gorham
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brooke C Harrison
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | | | - Raja Kawas
- MyoKardia, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | | | - William Wan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Leslie A Leinwand
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - James A Spudich
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - J G Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christine E Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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41
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Hinson JT, Chopra A, Nafissi N, Polacheck WJ, Benson CC, Swist S, Gorham J, Yang L, Schafer S, Sheng CC, Haghighi A, Homsy J, Hubner N, Church G, Cook SA, Linke WA, Chen CS, Seidman JG, Seidman CE. HEART DISEASE. Titin mutations in iPS cells define sarcomere insufficiency as a cause of dilated cardiomyopathy. Science 2016; 349:982-6. [PMID: 26315439 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa5458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human mutations that truncate the massive sarcomere protein titin [TTN-truncating variants (TTNtvs)] are the most common genetic cause for dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a major cause of heart failure and premature death. Here we show that cardiac microtissues engineered from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are a powerful system for evaluating the pathogenicity of titin gene variants. We found that certain missense mutations, like TTNtvs, diminish contractile performance and are pathogenic. By combining functional analyses with RNA sequencing, we explain why truncations in the A-band domain of TTN cause DCM, whereas truncations in the I band are better tolerated. Finally, we demonstrate that mutant titin protein in iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes results in sarcomere insufficiency, impaired responses to mechanical and β-adrenergic stress, and attenuated growth factor and cell signaling activation. Our findings indicate that titin mutations cause DCM by disrupting critical linkages between sarcomerogenesis and adaptive remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Hinson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Anant Chopra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA. The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Navid Nafissi
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - William J Polacheck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA. The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Craig C Benson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sandra Swist
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, MA 3/56 D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Joshua Gorham
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Luhan Yang
- The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Calvin C Sheng
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alireza Haghighi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Jason Homsy
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Norbert Hubner
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany. DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - George Church
- The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stuart A Cook
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease at Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK. National Heart Centre and Duke-National University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wolfgang A Linke
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, MA 3/56 D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christopher S Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA. The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - J G Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christine E Seidman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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Xu J, Cui J, Del Campo A, Shin CH. Four and a Half LIM Domains 1b (Fhl1b) Is Essential for Regulating the Liver versus Pancreas Fate Decision and for β-Cell Regeneration. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005831. [PMID: 26845333 PMCID: PMC4741517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver and pancreas originate from overlapping embryonic regions, and single-cell lineage tracing in zebrafish has shown that Bone morphogenetic protein 2b (Bmp2b) signaling is essential for determining the fate of bipotential hepatopancreatic progenitors towards the liver or pancreas. Despite its pivotal role, the gene regulatory networks functioning downstream of Bmp2b signaling in this process are poorly understood. We have identified four and a half LIM domains 1b (fhl1b), which is primarily expressed in the prospective liver anlage, as a novel target of Bmp2b signaling. fhl1b depletion compromised liver specification and enhanced induction of pancreatic cells from endodermal progenitors. Conversely, overexpression of fhl1b favored liver specification and inhibited induction of pancreatic cells. By single-cell lineage tracing, we showed that fhl1b depletion led lateral endodermal cells, destined to become liver cells, to become pancreatic cells. Reversely, when fhl1b was overexpressed, medially located endodermal cells, fated to differentiate into pancreatic and intestinal cells, contributed to the liver by directly or indirectly modulating the discrete levels of pdx1 expression in endodermal progenitors. Moreover, loss of fhl1b increased the regenerative capacity of β-cells by increasing pdx1 and neurod expression in the hepatopancreatic ductal system. Altogether, these data reveal novel and critical functions of Fhl1b in the hepatic versus pancreatic fate decision and in β-cell regeneration. Lineage-specific multipotent progenitors play crucial roles in embryonic development, regeneration in adult tissues, and diseases such as cancer. Bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) signaling is critical for regulating the cell fate choice of liver versus pancreas, two essential organs of body metabolism. Through transcriptome profiling of endodermal tissues exposed to increased or decreased Bmp2b signaling, we have discovered the zebrafish gene four and a half LIM domains 1b (fhl1b) as a novel target of Bmp2b signaling. fhl1b is primarily expressed in the prospective liver anlage. Loss- and gain-of-function analyses indicate that Fhl1b suppresses specification of the pancreas and induces the liver. By single-cell lineage tracing, we showed that depletion of fhl1b caused a liver-to-pancreas fate switch, while fhl1b overexpression redirected pancreatic progenitors to become liver cells. At later stages, Fhl1b regulates regeneration of insulin-secreting β-cells by directly or indirectly modulating pdx1 and neurod expression in the hepatopancreatic ductal system. Therefore, our work provides a novel paradigm of how Bmp signaling regulates the hepatic versus pancreatic fate decision and β-cell regeneration through its novel target Fhl1b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- School of Biology and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jiaxi Cui
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Chong Hyun Shin
- School of Biology and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Helms
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor MI, USA
| | - Sharlene M Day
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor MI, USA
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44
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Tayubi IA, Firoz A, Barukab OM, Malik A. Identification of hub genes and their SNP analysis in West Nile virus infection for designing therapeutic methodologies using RNA-Seq data. Genes Genomics 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-015-0297-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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45
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Kimura A. Molecular genetics and pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy. J Hum Genet 2015; 61:41-50. [PMID: 26178429 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2015.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy is defined as a disease of functional impairment in the cardiac muscle and its etiology includes both extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Cardiomyopathy caused by the intrinsic factors is called as primary cardiomyopathy of which two major clinical phenotypes are hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Genetic approaches have revealed the disease genes for hereditary primary cardiomyopathy and functional studies have demonstrated that characteristic functional alterations induced by the disease-associated mutations are closely related to the clinical types, such that increased and decreased Ca(2+) sensitivities of muscle contraction are associated with HCM and DCM, respectively. In addition, recent studies have suggested that mutations in the Z-disc components found in HCM and DCM may result in increased and decreased stiffness of sarcomere, respectively. Moreover, functional analysis of mutations in the other components of cardiac muscle have suggested that the altered response to metabolic stresses is associated with cardiomyopathy, further indicating the heterogeneity in the etiology and pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Kimura
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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46
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Cardiac myosin binding protein C regulates postnatal myocyte cytokinesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:9046-51. [PMID: 26153423 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1511004112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Homozygous cardiac myosin binding protein C-deficient (Mybpc(t/t)) mice develop dramatic cardiac dilation shortly after birth; heart size increases almost twofold. We have investigated the mechanism of cardiac enlargement in these hearts. Throughout embryogenesis myocytes undergo cell division while maintaining the capacity to pump blood by rapidly disassembling and reforming myofibrillar components of the sarcomere throughout cell cycle progression. Shortly after birth, myocyte cell division ceases. Cardiac MYBPC is a thick filament protein that regulates sarcomere organization and rigidity. We demonstrate that many Mybpc(t/t) myocytes undergo an additional round of cell division within 10 d postbirth compared with their wild-type counterparts, leading to increased numbers of mononuclear myocytes. Short-hairpin RNA knockdown of Mybpc3 mRNA in wild-type mice similarly extended the postnatal window of myocyte proliferation. However, adult Mybpc(t/t) myocytes are unable to fully regenerate the myocardium after injury. MYBPC has unexpected inhibitory functions during postnatal myocyte cytokinesis and cell cycle progression. We suggest that human patients with homozygous MYBPC3-null mutations develop dilated cardiomyopathy, coupled with myocyte hyperplasia (increased cell number), as observed in Mybpc(t/t) mice. Human patients, with heterozygous truncating MYBPC3 mutations, like mice with similar mutations, have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. However, the mechanism leading to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in heterozygous MYBPC3(+/-) individuals is myocyte hypertrophy (increased cell size), whereas the mechanism leading to cardiac dilation in homozygous Mybpc3(-/-) mice is primarily myocyte hyperplasia.
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47
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Lyon RC, Zanella F, Omens JH, Sheikh F. Mechanotransduction in cardiac hypertrophy and failure. Circ Res 2015; 116:1462-1476. [PMID: 25858069 PMCID: PMC4394185 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.304937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac muscle cells have an intrinsic ability to sense and respond to mechanical load through a process known as mechanotransduction. In the heart, this process involves the conversion of mechanical stimuli into biochemical events that induce changes in myocardial structure and function. Mechanotransduction and its downstream effects function initially as adaptive responses that serve as compensatory mechanisms during adaptation to the initial load. However, under prolonged and abnormal loading conditions, the remodeling processes can become maladaptive, leading to altered physiological function and the development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Although the mechanisms underlying mechanotransduction are far from being fully elucidated, human and mouse genetic studies have highlighted various cytoskeletal and sarcolemmal structures in cardiac myocytes as the likely candidates for load transducers, based on their link to signaling molecules and architectural components important in disease pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize recent developments that have uncovered specific protein complexes linked to mechanotransduction and mechanotransmission within the sarcomere, the intercalated disc, and at the sarcolemma. The protein structures acting as mechanotransducers are the first step in the process that drives physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling, as well as the transition to heart failure, and may provide better insights into mechanisms driving mechanotransduction-based diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Lyon
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Fabian Zanella
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jeffrey H. Omens
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Farah Sheikh
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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48
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Barefield D, Kumar M, Gorham J, Seidman JG, Seidman CE, de Tombe PP, Sadayappan S. Haploinsufficiency of MYBPC3 exacerbates the development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in heterozygous mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 79:234-43. [PMID: 25463273 PMCID: PMC4642280 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in MYBPC3, the gene encoding cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C), account for ~40% of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) cases. Most pathological MYBPC3 mutations encode truncated protein products not found in tissue. Reduced protein levels occur in symptomatic heterozygous human HCM carriers, suggesting haploinsufficiency as an underlying mechanism of disease. However, we do not know if reduced cMyBP-C content results from, or initiates the development of HCM. In previous studies, heterozygous (HET) mice with a MYBPC3 C'-terminal truncation mutation and normal cMyBP-C levels show altered contractile function prior to any overt hypertrophy. Therefore, this study aimed to test whether haploinsufficiency occurs, with decreased cMyBP-C content, following cardiac stress and whether the functional impairment in HET MYBPC3 hearts leads to worsened disease progression. To address these questions, transverse aortic constriction (TAC) was performed on three-month-old wild-type (WT) and HET MYBPC3-truncation mutant mice and then characterized at 4 and 12weeks post-surgery. HET-TAC mice showed increased hypertrophy and reduced ejection fraction compared to WT-TAC mice. At 4weeks post-surgery, HET myofilaments showed significantly reduced cMyBP-C content. Functionally, HET-TAC cardiomyocytes showed impaired force generation, higher Ca(2+) sensitivity, and blunted length-dependent increase in force generation. RNA sequencing revealed several differentially regulated genes between HET and WT groups, including regulators of remodeling and hypertrophic response. Collectively, these results demonstrate that haploinsufficiency occurs in HET MYBPC3 mutant carriers following stress, causing, in turn, reduced cMyBP-C content and exacerbating the development of dysfunction at myofilament and whole-heart levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Barefield
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Joshua Gorham
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Pieter P de Tombe
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.
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49
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Functional role of Calstabin2 in age-related cardiac alterations. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7425. [PMID: 25502776 PMCID: PMC4262885 DOI: 10.1038/srep07425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Calstabin2 is a component of the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) macromolecular complex, which modulates Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiomyocytes. Previous reports implied that genetic deletion of Calstabin2 leads to phenotypes related to cardiac aging. However, the mechanistic role of Calstabin2 in the process of cardiac aging remains unclear. To assess whether Calstabin2 is involved in age-related heart dysfunction, we studied Calstabin2 knockout (KO) and control wild-type (WT) mice. We found a significant association between deletion of Calstabin2 and cardiac aging. Indeed, aged Calstabin2 KO mice exhibited a markedly impaired cardiac function compared with WT littermates. Calstabin2 deletion resulted also in increased levels of cell cycle inhibitors p16 and p19, augmented cardiac fibrosis, cell death, and shorter telomeres. Eventually, we demonstrated that Calstabin2 deletion resulted in AKT phosphorylation, augmented mTOR activity, and impaired autophagy in the heart. Taken together, our results identify Calstabin2 as a key modulator of cardiac aging and indicate that the activation of the AKT/mTOR pathway plays a mechanistic role in such a process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali J Marian
- From the Institute of Molecular Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Genetic Research, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston.
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