1
|
Wolf MTF, Bonsib SM, Larsen CP, Hildebrandt F. Nephronophthisis: a pathological and genetic perspective. Pediatr Nephrol 2024; 39:1977-2000. [PMID: 37930417 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-06174-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Nephronophthisis (NPHP) is an autosomal recessive cystic kidney disease and is one of the most frequent genetic causes for kidney failure (KF) in children and adolescents. Over 20 genes cause NPHP and over 90 genes contribute to renal ciliopathies often involving multiple organs. About 15-20% of NPHP patients have additional extrarenal symptoms affecting other organs than the kidneys. The involvement of additional organ systems in syndromic forms of NPHP is explained by shared expression of most NPHP gene products in centrosomes and primary cilia, a sensory organelle present in most mammalian cells. This finding resulted in the classification of NPHP as a ciliopathy. If extrarenal symptoms are present in addition to NPHP, these disorders are defined as NPHP-related ciliopathies (NPHP-RC) and can involve the retina (e.g., with Senior-Løken syndrome), CNS (central nervous system) (e.g., with Joubert syndrome), liver (e.g., Boichis and Arima syndromes), or bone (e.g., Mainzer-Saldino and Sensenbrenner syndromes). This review focuses on the pathological findings and the recent genetic advances in NPHP and NPHP-RC. Different mechanisms and signaling pathways are involved in NPHP ranging from planar cell polarity, sonic hedgehog signaling (Shh), DNA damage response pathway, Hippo, mTOR, and cAMP signaling. A number of therapeutic interventions appear to be promising, ranging from vasopressin receptor 2 antagonists such as tolvaptan, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors such as roscovitine, Hh agonists such as purmorphamine, and mTOR inhibitors such as rapamycin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias T F Wolf
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dong L, Yu J, Wang H, Yue X, Liu B. Transcriptomic insights into vibrio-induced mortality in the clam Meretrix petechialis under high temperature. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 50:101226. [PMID: 38522379 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the mortality of the clam Meretrix petechialis facing a vibrio challenge under different temperatures and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Our experiment distinctly revealed that clam mortality was predominantly observed under high temperature, highlighting the critical impact of thermal stress on clam susceptibility to infection. Using RNA-seq, we further compared the global transcriptional response to vibrio in clam gills between high and low temperatures. Compared to other groups, the differentially expressed genes in vibrio-challenged group at high temperature associated with immunity, oxidative stress, and membrane transport. Key results show a weakened immune response in clams at high temperature, especially in the TNF signaling pathway, and a decrease in membrane transport efficiency, notably in SLC proteins. Additionally, high temperature enhanced pro-inflammatory related unsaturated fatty acid metabolism, leading to increased oxidative damage. This was further evidenced by our biochemical assays, which showed significantly higher levels of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation in clams at high temperature, indicating heightened oxidative damage. RT-PCR validation of selected DEGs corroborated the RNA-seq findings. Our findings contribute to the understanding of more frequent shellfish mortality in summer, emphasizing the role of temperature in pathogen response, elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the synergistic effect of pathogen and high temperature stresses. The key genes identified provide potential targets for resistance-assisted breeding. This research has significant implications for bivalve aquaculture and their physiology, particularly in light of global climate changes affecting marine ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jiajia Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xin Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Baozhong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ma W, Wei L, Jin L, Ma Q, Zhang T, Zhao Y, Hua J, Zhang Y, Wei W, Ding N, Wang J, He J. YAP/Aurora A-mediated ciliogenesis regulates ionizing radiation-induced senescence via Hedgehog pathway in tumor cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167062. [PMID: 38342416 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Primary cilia are antenna-like organelles that play critical roles in sensing and responding to various signals. Nevertheless, the function of primary cilia in cellular response to ionizing radiation (IR) in tumor cells remains unclear. Here, we show that primary cilia are frequently expressed in tumor cells and tissues. Notably, IR promotes cilia formation and elongation in time- and dose-dependent manners. Mechanistic study shows that the suppression of YAP/Aurora A pathway contributes to IR-induced ciliogenesis, which is diminished by Aurora A overexpression. The ciliated tumor cells undergo senescence but not apoptosis in response to IR and the abrogation of cilia formation is sufficient to elevate the lethal effect of IR. Furthermore, we show that IR-induced ciliogenesis leads to the activation of Hedgehog signaling pathway to drive senescence and resist apoptosis, and its blockage enhances cellular radiosensitivity by switching senescence to apoptosis. In summary, this work shows evidence of primary cilia in coordinating cellular response to IR in tumor cells, which may help to supply a novel sensitizing target to improve the outcome of radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Wei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor & Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Liangliang Jin
- Department of Pathology, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qinglong Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tongshan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanfei Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Junrui Hua
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China
| | - Wenjun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jufang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jinpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guan YT, Zhang C, Zhang HY, Wei WL, Yue W, Zhao W, Zhang DH. Primary cilia: Structure, dynamics, and roles in cancer cells and tumor microenvironment. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1788-1807. [PMID: 37565630 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the initiation of tumor arises from tumorigenic transformation signaling in cancer cells, cancer cell survival, invasion, and metastasis also require a dynamic and reciprocal association with extracellular signaling from tumor microenvironment (TME). Primary cilia are the antenna-like structure that mediate signaling sensation and transduction in different tissues and cells. Recent studies have started to uncover that the heterogeneous ciliation in cancer cells and cells from the TME in tumor growth impels asymmetric paracellular signaling in the TME, indicating the essential functions of primary cilia in homeostasis maintenance of both cancer cells and the TME. In this review, we discussed recent advances in the structure and assembly of primary cilia, and the role of primary cilia in tumor and TME formation, as well as the therapeutic potentials that target ciliary dynamics and signaling from the cells in different tumors and the TME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Guan
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Yong Zhang
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Lu Wei
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
- Department of Posthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Hui Zhang
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Devlin L, Dhondurao Sudhindar P, Sayer JA. Renal ciliopathies: promising drug targets and prospects for clinical trials. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:325-346. [PMID: 37243567 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2218616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Renal ciliopathies represent a collection of genetic disorders characterized by deficiencies in the biogenesis, maintenance, or functioning of the ciliary complex. These disorders, which encompass autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), and nephronophthisis (NPHP), typically result in cystic kidney disease, renal fibrosis, and a gradual deterioration of kidney function, culminating in kidney failure. AREAS COVERED Here we review the advances in basic science and clinical research into renal ciliopathies which have yielded promising small compounds and drug targets, within both preclinical studies and clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION Tolvaptan is currently the sole approved treatment option available for ADPKD patients, while no approved treatment alternatives exist for ARPKD or NPHP patients. Clinical trials are presently underway to evaluate additional medications in ADPKD and ARPKD patients. Based on preclinical models, other potential therapeutic targets for ADPKD, ARPKD, and NPHP look promising. These include molecules targeting fluid transport, cellular metabolism, ciliary signaling and cell-cycle regulation. There is a real and urgent clinical need for translational research to bring novel treatments to clinical use for all forms of renal ciliopathies to reduce kidney disease progression and prevent kidney failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Devlin
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Praveen Dhondurao Sudhindar
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - John A Sayer
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Renal Services, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Garaycoechea JI, Quinlan C, Luijsterburg MS. Pathological consequences of DNA damage in the kidney. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023; 19:229-243. [PMID: 36702905 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-022-00671-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
DNA lesions that evade repair can lead to mutations that drive the development of cancer, and cellular responses to DNA damage can trigger senescence and cell death, which are associated with ageing. In the kidney, DNA damage has been implicated in both acute and chronic kidney injury, and in renal cell carcinoma. The susceptibility of the kidney to chemotherapeutic agents that damage DNA is well established, but an unexpected link between kidney ciliopathies and the DNA damage response has also been reported. In addition, human genetic deficiencies in DNA repair have highlighted DNA crosslinks, DNA breaks and transcription-blocking damage as lesions that are particularly toxic to the kidney. Genetic tools in mice, as well as advances in kidney organoid and single-cell RNA sequencing technologies, have provided important insights into how specific kidney cell types respond to DNA damage. The emerging view is that in the kidney, DNA damage affects the local microenvironment by triggering a damage response and cell proliferation to replenish injured cells, as well as inducing systemic responses aimed at reducing exposure to genotoxic stress. The pathological consequences of DNA damage are therefore key to the nephrotoxicity of DNA-damaging agents and the kidney phenotypes observed in human DNA repair-deficiency disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan I Garaycoechea
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Catherine Quinlan
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Kidney Regeneration, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Martijn S Luijsterburg
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Han Z, Andrš M, Madhavan BK, Kaymak S, Sulaj A, Kender Z, Kopf S, Kihm L, Pepperkok R, Janscak P, Nawroth P, Kumar V. The importance of nuclear RAGE-Mcm2 axis in diabetes or cancer-associated replication stress. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:2298-2318. [PMID: 36807739 PMCID: PMC10018352 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
An elevated frequency of DNA replication defects is associated with diabetes and cancer. However, data linking these nuclear perturbations to the onset or progression of organ complications remained unexplored. Here, we report that RAGE (Receptor for Advanced Glycated Endproducts), previously believed to be an extracellular receptor, upon metabolic stress localizes to the damaged forks. There it interacts and stabilizes the minichromosome-maintenance (Mcm2-7) complex. Accordingly, RAGE deficiency leads to slowed fork progression, premature fork collapse, hypersensitivity to replication stress agents and reduction of viability, which was reversed by the reconstitution of RAGE. This was marked by the 53BP1/OPT-domain expression and the presence of micronuclei, premature loss-of-ciliated zones, increased incidences of tubular-karyomegaly, and finally, interstitial fibrosis. More importantly, the RAGE-Mcm2 axis was selectively compromised in cells expressing micronuclei in human biopsies and mouse models of diabetic nephropathy and cancer. Thus, the functional RAGE-Mcm2/7 axis is critical in handling replication stress in vitro and human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Han
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, INF 410, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Andrš
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-14300 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bindhu K Madhavan
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, INF 410, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Serap Kaymak
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, INF 410, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alba Sulaj
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, INF 410, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Zoltan Kender
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, INF 410, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kopf
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, INF 410, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lars Kihm
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, INF 410, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Pepperkok
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pavel Janscak
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-14300 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Nawroth
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, INF 410, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Immunology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, INF 305, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Varun Kumar
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, INF 410, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Immunology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, INF 305, Heidelberg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pollara L, Sottile V, Valente EM. Patient-derived cellular models of primary ciliopathies. J Med Genet 2022; 59:517-527. [DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-108315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Primary ciliopathies are rare inherited disorders caused by structural or functional defects in the primary cilium, a subcellular organelle present on the surface of most cells. Primary ciliopathies show considerable clinical and genetic heterogeneity, with disruption of over 100 genes causing the variable involvement of several organs, including the central nervous system, kidneys, retina, skeleton and liver. Pathogenic variants in one and the same gene may associate with a wide range of ciliopathy phenotypes, supporting the hypothesis that the individual genetic background, with potential additional variants in other ciliary genes, may contribute to a mutational load eventually determining the phenotypic manifestations of each patient. Functional studies in animal models have uncovered some of the pathophysiological mechanisms linking ciliary gene mutations to the observed phenotypes; yet, the lack of reliable human cell models has previously limited preclinical research and the development of new therapeutic strategies for primary ciliopathies. Recent technical advances in the generation of patient-derived two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cellular models give a new spur to this research, allowing the study of pathomechanisms while maintaining the complexity of the genetic background of each patient, and enabling the development of innovative treatments to target specific pathways. This review provides an overview of available models for primary ciliopathies, from existing in vivo models to more recent patient-derived 2D and 3D in vitro models. We highlight the advantages of each model in understanding the functional basis of primary ciliopathies and facilitating novel regenerative medicine, gene therapy and drug testing strategies for these disorders.
Collapse
|
9
|
Gupta S, Ozimek-Kulik JE, Phillips JK. Nephronophthisis-Pathobiology and Molecular Pathogenesis of a Rare Kidney Genetic Disease. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111762. [PMID: 34828368 PMCID: PMC8623546 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The exponential rise in our understanding of the aetiology and pathophysiology of genetic cystic kidney diseases can be attributed to the identification of cystogenic genes over the last three decades. The foundation of this was laid by positional cloning strategies which gradually shifted towards next-generation sequencing (NGS) based screenings. This shift has enabled the discovery of novel cystogenic genes at an accelerated pace unlike ever before and, most notably, the past decade has seen the largest increase in identification of the genes which cause nephronophthisis (NPHP). NPHP is a monogenic autosomal recessive cystic kidney disease caused by mutations in a diverse clade of over 26 identified genes and is the most common genetic cause of renal failure in children. NPHP gene types present with some common pathophysiological features alongside a diverse range of extra-renal phenotypes associated with specific syndromic presentations. This review provides a timely update on our knowledge of this disease, including epidemiology, pathophysiology, anatomical and molecular features. We delve into the diversity of the NPHP causing genes and discuss known molecular mechanisms and biochemical pathways that may have possible points of intersection with polycystic kidney disease (the most studied renal cystic pathology). We delineate the pathologies arising from extra-renal complications and co-morbidities and their impact on quality of life. Finally, we discuss the current diagnostic and therapeutic modalities available for disease management, outlining possible avenues of research to improve the prognosis for NPHP patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shabarni Gupta
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; (J.E.O.-K.); (J.K.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Justyna E. Ozimek-Kulik
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; (J.E.O.-K.); (J.K.P.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Sydney Children’s Hospital Network, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Kathleen Phillips
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; (J.E.O.-K.); (J.K.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sufu negatively regulates both initiations of centrosome duplication and DNA replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2026421118. [PMID: 34260378 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2026421118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosome duplication and DNA replication are two pivotal events that higher eukaryotic cells use to initiate proliferation. While DNA replication is initiated through origin licensing, centrosome duplication starts with cartwheel assembly and is partly controlled by CP110. However, the upstream coordinator for both events has been, until now, a mystery. Here, we report that suppressor of fused protein (Sufu), a negative regulator of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway playing a significant role in restricting the trafficking and function of glioma-related (Gli) proteins, acts as an upstream switch by facilitating CP110 phosphorylation by CDK2, promoting intranuclear Cdt1 degradation and excluding prereplication complex (pre-RC) components from chromosomes, independent of its canonical function in the Hh pathway. We found that Sufu localizes to both the centrosome and the nucleus and that knockout of Sufu induces abnormalities including centrosome amplification, increased nuclear size, multipolar spindle formation, and polyploidy. Serum stimulation promotes the elimination of Sufu from the centrosome by vesicle release at the ciliary tip and from the nucleus via protein degradation, which allows centrosome duplication and DNA replication to proceed. Collectively, this work reveals a mechanism through which Sufu negatively regulates the G1-S transition.
Collapse
|
11
|
Stokman MF, Saunier S, Benmerah A. Renal Ciliopathies: Sorting Out Therapeutic Approaches for Nephronophthisis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:653138. [PMID: 34055783 PMCID: PMC8155538 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.653138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephronophthisis (NPH) is an autosomal recessive ciliopathy and a major cause of end-stage renal disease in children. The main forms, juvenile and adult NPH, are characterized by tubulointerstitial fibrosis whereas the infantile form is more severe and characterized by cysts. NPH is caused by mutations in over 20 different genes, most of which encode components of the primary cilium, an organelle in which important cellular signaling pathways converge. Ciliary signal transduction plays a critical role in kidney development and tissue homeostasis, and disruption of ciliary signaling has been associated with cyst formation, epithelial cell dedifferentiation and kidney function decline. Drugs have been identified that target specific signaling pathways (for example cAMP/PKA, Hedgehog, and mTOR pathways) and rescue NPH phenotypes in in vitro and/or in vivo models. Despite identification of numerous candidate drugs in rodent models, there has been a lack of clinical trials and there is currently no therapy that halts disease progression in NPH patients. This review covers the most important findings of therapeutic approaches in NPH model systems to date, including hypothesis-driven therapies and untargeted drug screens, approached from the pathophysiology of NPH. Importantly, most animal models used in these studies represent the cystic infantile form of NPH, which is less prevalent than the juvenile form. It appears therefore important to develop new models relevant for juvenile/adult NPH. Alternative non-orthologous animal models and developments in patient-based in vitro model systems are discussed, as well as future directions in personalized therapy for NPH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marijn F Stokman
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Saunier
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Benmerah
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Molecular genetics of renal ciliopathies. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1205-1220. [PMID: 33960378 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Renal ciliopathies are a heterogenous group of inherited disorders leading to an array of phenotypes that include cystic kidney disease and renal interstitial fibrosis leading to progressive chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease. The renal tubules are lined with epithelial cells that possess primary cilia that project into the lumen and act as sensory and signalling organelles. Mutations in genes encoding ciliary proteins involved in the structure and function of primary cilia cause ciliopathy syndromes and affect many organ systems including the kidney. Recognised disease phenotypes associated with primary ciliopathies that have a strong renal component include autosomal dominant and recessive polycystic kidney disease and their various mimics, including atypical polycystic kidney disease and nephronophthisis. The molecular investigation of inherited renal ciliopathies often allows a precise diagnosis to be reached where renal histology and other investigations have been unhelpful and can help in determining kidney prognosis. With increasing molecular insights, it is now apparent that renal ciliopathies form a continuum of clinical phenotypes with disease entities that have been classically described as dominant or recessive at both extremes of the spectrum. Gene-dosage effects, hypomorphic alleles, modifier genes and digenic inheritance further contribute to the genetic complexity of these disorders. This review will focus on recent molecular genetic advances in the renal ciliopathy field with a focus on cystic kidney disease phenotypes and the genotypes that lead to them. We discuss recent novel insights into underlying disease mechanisms of renal ciliopathies that might be amenable to therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
|
13
|
Primary cilia and the DNA damage response: linking a cellular antenna and nuclear signals. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:829-841. [PMID: 33843966 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of genome stability involves integrated biochemical activities that detect DNA damage or incomplete replication, delay the cell cycle, and direct DNA repair activities on the affected chromatin. These processes, collectively termed the DNA damage response (DDR), are crucial for cell survival and to avoid disease, particularly cancer. Recent work has highlighted links between the DDR and the primary cilium, an antenna-like, microtubule-based signalling structure that extends from a centriole docked at the cell surface. Ciliary dysfunction gives rise to a range of complex human developmental disorders termed the ciliopathies. Mutations in ciliopathy genes have been shown to impact on several functions that relate to centrosome integrity, DNA damage signalling, responses to problems in DNA replication and the control of gene expression. This review covers recent findings that link cilia and the DDR and explores the various roles played by key genes in these two contexts. It outlines how proteins encoded by ciliary genes impact checkpoint signalling, DNA replication and repair, gene expression and chromatin remodelling. It discusses how these diverse activities may integrate nuclear responses with those that affect a structure of the cell periphery. Additional directions for exploration of the interplay between these pathways are highlighted, with a focus on new ciliary gene candidates that alter genome stability.
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen HY, Kelley RA, Li T, Swaroop A. Primary cilia biogenesis and associated retinal ciliopathies. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 110:70-88. [PMID: 32747192 PMCID: PMC7855621 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The primary cilium is a ubiquitous microtubule-based organelle that senses external environment and modulates diverse signaling pathways in different cell types and tissues. The cilium originates from the mother centriole through a complex set of cellular events requiring hundreds of distinct components. Aberrant ciliogenesis or ciliary transport leads to a broad spectrum of clinical entities with overlapping yet highly variable phenotypes, collectively called ciliopathies, which include sensory defects and syndromic disorders with multi-organ pathologies. For efficient light detection, photoreceptors in the retina elaborate a modified cilium known as the outer segment, which is packed with membranous discs enriched for components of the phototransduction machinery. Retinopathy phenotype involves dysfunction and/or degeneration of the light sensing photoreceptors and is highly penetrant in ciliopathies. This review will discuss primary cilia biogenesis and ciliopathies, with a focus on the retina, and the role of CP110-CEP290-CC2D2A network. We will also explore how recent technologies can advance our understanding of cilia biology and discuss new paradigms for developing potential therapies of retinal ciliopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly Y Chen
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, MSC0610, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Ryan A Kelley
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, MSC0610, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tiansen Li
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, MSC0610, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anand Swaroop
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, MSC0610, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang L, Li LX, Zhou JX, Harris PC, Calvet JP, Li X. RNA helicase p68 inhibits the transcription and post-transcription of Pkd1 in ADPKD. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:8281-8297. [PMID: 32724471 PMCID: PMC7381742 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is caused by mutations of the PKD1 and PKD2 genes. Dysregulation of the expression of PKD genes, the abnormal activation of PKD associated signaling pathways, and the expression and maturation of miRNAs regulates cyst progression. However, the upstream factors regulating these abnormal processes in ADPKD remain elusive. Methods: To investigate the roles of an RNA helicase, p68, in ADPKD, we performed Western blot and qRT-PCR analysis, immunostaining and ChIP assay in cystic renal epithelium cells and tissues. Results: We found that p68 was upregulated in cystic renal epithelial cells and tissues. p68 represses Pkd1 gene expression via transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms in renal epithelial cells, in that 1) p68 binds to the promoter of the Pkd1 gene together with p53 to repress transcription; and 2) p68 promotes the expression and maturation of miR-17, miR-200c and miR-182 and via these miRNAs, post-transcriptionally regulates the expression of Pkd1 mRNA. Drosha is involved in this process by forming a complex with p68. p68 also regulates the phosphorylation and activation of PKD proliferation associated signaling and the expression of fibrotic markers in Pkd1 mutant renal epithelial cells. Silence of p68 delays cyst formation in collecting duct cell mediated 3D cultures. In addition, the expression of p68 is induced by H2O2-dependent oxidative stress and DNA damage which causes downregulation of Pkd1 transcription in cystic renal epithelial cells and tissues. Conclusions: p68 plays a critical role in negatively regulating the expression of the PKD1 gene along with positively regulating the expression and maturation of miRNAs and activation of PKD associated signaling pathways to cause renal cyst progression and fibrosis in ADPKD.
Collapse
|
16
|
Molinari E, Sayer JA. Disease Modeling To Understand the Pathomechanisms of Human Genetic Kidney Disorders. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 15:855-872. [PMID: 32139361 PMCID: PMC7274277 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.08890719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The class of human genetic kidney diseases is extremely broad and heterogeneous. Accordingly, the range of associated disease phenotypes is highly variable. Many children and adults affected by inherited kidney disease will progress to ESKD at some point in life. Extensive research has been performed on various different disease models to investigate the underlying causes of genetic kidney disease and to identify disease mechanisms that are amenable to therapy. We review some of the research highlights that, by modeling inherited kidney disease, contributed to a better understanding of the underlying pathomechanisms, leading to the identification of novel genetic causes, new therapeutic targets, and to the development of new treatments. We also discuss how the implementation of more efficient genome-editing techniques and tissue-culture methods for kidney research is providing us with personalized models for a precision-medicine approach that takes into account the specificities of the patient and the underlying disease. We focus on the most common model systems used in kidney research and discuss how, according to their specific features, they can differentially contribute to biomedical research. Unfortunately, no definitive treatment exists for most inherited kidney disorders, warranting further exploitation of the existing disease models, as well as the implementation of novel, complex, human patient-specific models to deliver research breakthroughs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Molinari
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John A. Sayer
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Renal Services, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Devlin LA, Ramsbottom SA, Overman LM, Lisgo SN, Clowry G, Molinari E, Powell L, Miles CG, Sayer JA. Embryonic and foetal expression patterns of the ciliopathy gene CEP164. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0221914. [PMID: 31990917 PMCID: PMC6986751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephronophthisis-related ciliopathies (NPHP-RC) are a group of inherited genetic disorders that share a defect in the formation, maintenance or functioning of the primary cilium complex, causing progressive cystic kidney disease and other clinical manifestations. Mutations in centrosomal protein 164 kDa (CEP164), also known as NPHP15, have been identified as a cause of NPHP-RC. Here we have utilised the MRC-Wellcome Trust Human Developmental Biology Resource (HDBR) to perform immunohistochemistry studies on human embryonic and foetal tissues to determine the expression patterns of CEP164 during development. Notably expression is widespread, yet defined, in multiple organs including the kidney, retina and cerebellum. Murine studies demonstrated an almost identical Cep164 expression pattern. Taken together, these data support a conserved role for CEP164 throughout the development of numerous organs, which, we suggest, accounts for the multi-system disease phenotype of CEP164-mediated NPHP-RC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. A. Devlin
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom
| | - S. A. Ramsbottom
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom
| | - L. M. Overman
- MRC-Wellcome Trust Human Developmental Biology Resource, Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom
| | - S. N. Lisgo
- MRC-Wellcome Trust Human Developmental Biology Resource, Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom
| | - G. Clowry
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom
| | - E. Molinari
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom
| | - L. Powell
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom
| | - C. G. Miles
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom
| | - J. A. Sayer
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom
- The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jin H, Zhang Y, Liu D, Wang SS, Ding Q, Rastogi P, Purvis M, Wang A, Elhadi S, Ren C, Cao C, Chai Y, Igarashi P, Jetten AM, Lu D, Attanasio M. Innate Immune Signaling Contributes to Tubular Cell Senescence in the Glis2 Knockout Mouse Model of Nephronophthisis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:176-189. [PMID: 31676329 PMCID: PMC6943802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Nephronophthisis (NPHP), the leading genetic cause of end-stage renal failure in children and young adults, is a group of autosomal recessive diseases characterized by kidney-cyst degeneration and fibrosis for which no therapy is currently available. To date, mutations in >25 genes have been identified as causes of this disease that, in several cases, result in chronic DNA damage in kidney tubular cells. Among such mutations, those in the transcription factor-encoding GLIS2 cause NPHP type 7. Loss of function of mouse Glis2 causes senescence of kidney tubular cells. Senescent cells secrete proinflammatory molecules that induce progressive organ damage through several pathways, among which NF-κB signaling is prevalent. Herein, we show that the NF-κB signaling is active in Glis2 knockout kidney epithelial cells and that genetic inactivation of the toll-like receptor (TLR)/IL-1 receptor or pharmacologic elimination of senescent cells (senolytic therapy) reduces tubule damage, fibrosis, and apoptosis in the Glis2 mouse model of NPHP. Notably, in Glis2, Tlr2 double knockouts, senescence was also reduced and proliferation was increased, suggesting that loss of TLR2 activity improves the regenerative potential of tubular cells in Glis2 knockout kidneys. Our results further suggest that a combination of TLR/IL-1 receptor inhibition and senolytic therapy may delay the progression of kidney disease in NPHP type 7 and other forms of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Dingxiao Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shan Shanshan Wang
- Department of Hepatic Oncology, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Ding
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Prerna Rastogi
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Madison Purvis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Angela Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Sarah Elhadi
- Division of Neprhology, Children's Hospital of Illinois, Peoria, Illinois
| | - Chongyu Ren
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Chao Cao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanfen Chai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Peter Igarashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Anton M Jetten
- Cell Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Dongmei Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Massimo Attanasio
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim YJ, Kim J. Therapeutic perspectives for structural and functional abnormalities of cilia. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3695-3709. [PMID: 31147753 PMCID: PMC11105626 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ciliopathies are a group of hereditary disorders that result from structural or functional abnormalities of cilia. Recent intense research efforts have uncovered the genetic bases of ciliopathies, and our understanding of the assembly and functions of cilia has been improved significantly. Although mechanism-specific therapies for ciliopathies have not yet received regulatory approval, the use of innovative therapeutic modalities such as oligonucleotide therapy, gene replacement therapy, and gene editing in addition to symptomatic treatments are expected to provide valid treatment options in the near future. Moreover, candidate chemical compounds for developing small molecule drugs to treat ciliopathies have been identified. This review introduces the key features of cilia and ciliopathies, and summarizes the advances as well as the challenges that remain with the development of therapies for treating ciliopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Joon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kretschmer V, Patnaik SR, Kretschmer F, Chawda MM, Hernandez-Hernandez V, May-Simera HL. Progressive Characterization of Visual Phenotype in Bardet-Biedl Syndrome Mutant Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:1132-1143. [PMID: 30901771 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is an archetypical ciliopathy caused by defective ciliary trafficking and consequent function. Insights gained from BBS mouse models are applicable to other syndromic and nonsyndromic retinal diseases. This progressive characterization of the visual phenotype in three BBS mouse models sets a baseline for testing therapeutic interventions. Methods Longitudinal acquisition of electroretinograms, optical coherence tomography scans, and visual acuity using the optomotor reflex in Bbs6/Mkks, Bbs8/Ttc8, and Bbs5 knockout mice. Gene and protein expression analysis in vivo and in vitro. Results Complete loss of BBS5, BBS6, or BBS8 leads to different rates of retinal degeneration and visual function over time. BBS8-deficient mice showed the fastest rate of degeneration, and BBS8 seems to be required for cone photoreceptors to reach functional maturity. In contrast, the loss of BBS5 (a further BBSome component) showed very little degeneration. Loss of BBS8 versus BBS5 resulted in different physiologic responses both in vivo and in vitro. BBS6-deficient mice show a slower rate of degeneration with both rod and cone function reducing at a similar rate. Conclusions The mouse models analyzed show distinct and diverging courses of degeneration upon loss of BBS5, BBS6, or BBS8, which can be used as a benchmark to test therapeutic interventions. Close consideration of the different phenotypes reveal subtle but important differences relating to their function. Because we also see differences in terms of phenotype depending on the type of visual assessment used, our data highlight the importance of using a combinatorial approach for assessment of visual function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viola Kretschmer
- Cilia Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sarita Rani Patnaik
- Cilia Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Friedrich Kretschmer
- Scientific Computing Facility, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mira Manilal Chawda
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Victor Hernandez-Hernandez
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Louise May-Simera
- Cilia Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
The Nuclear Arsenal of Cilia. Dev Cell 2019; 49:161-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
22
|
Jain M, Kaiser RW, Bohl K, Hoehne M, Göbel H, Bartram MP, Habbig S, Müller RU, Fogo AB, Benzing T, Schermer B, Höpker K, Slaats GG. Inactivation of Apoptosis Antagonizing Transcription Factor in tubular epithelial cells induces accumulation of DNA damage and nephronophthisis. Kidney Int 2019; 95:846-858. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
23
|
Wheway G, Mitchison HM. Opportunities and Challenges for Molecular Understanding of Ciliopathies-The 100,000 Genomes Project. Front Genet 2019; 10:127. [PMID: 30915099 PMCID: PMC6421331 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cilia are highly specialized cellular organelles that serve multiple functions in human development and health. Their central importance in the body is demonstrated by the occurrence of a diverse range of developmental disorders that arise from defects of cilia structure and function, caused by a range of different inherited mutations found in more than 150 different genes. Genetic analysis has rapidly advanced our understanding of the cell biological basis of ciliopathies over the past two decades, with more recent technological advances in genomics rapidly accelerating this progress. The 100,000 Genomes Project was launched in 2012 in the UK to improve diagnosis and future care for individuals affected by rare diseases like ciliopathies, through whole genome sequencing (WGS). In this review we discuss the potential promise and medical impact of WGS for ciliopathies and report on current progress of the 100,000 Genomes Project, reviewing the medical, technical and ethical challenges and opportunities that new, large scale initiatives such as this can offer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Wheway
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah M. Mitchison
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hoyer KJR, Dittrich S, Bartram MP, Rinschen MM. Quantification of molecular heterogeneity in kidney tissue by targeted proteomics. J Proteomics 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
25
|
Coan M, Rampioni Vinciguerra GL, Cesaratto L, Gardenal E, Bianchet R, Dassi E, Vecchione A, Baldassarre G, Spizzo R, Nicoloso MS. Exploring the Role of Fallopian Ciliated Cells in the Pathogenesis of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092512. [PMID: 30149579 PMCID: PMC6163198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the fifth leading cause of cancer death in women and the first among gynecological malignancies. Despite an initial response to standard chemotherapy, most HGSOC patients relapse. To improve treatment options, we must continue investigating tumor biology. Tumor characteristics (e.g., risk factors and epidemiology) are valuable clues to accomplish this task. The two most frequent risk factors for HGSOC are the lifetime number of ovulations, which is associated with increased oxidative stress in the pelvic area caused by ovulation fluid, and a positive family history due to genetic factors. In the attempt to identify novel genetic factors (i.e., genes) associated with HGSOC, we observed that several genes in linkage with HGSOC are expressed in the ciliated cells of the fallopian tube. This finding made us hypothesize that ciliated cells, despite not being the cell of origin for HGSOC, may take part in HGSOC tumor initiation. Specifically, malfunction of the ciliary beat impairs the laminar fluid flow above the fallopian tube epithelia, thus likely reducing the clearance of oxidative stress caused by follicular fluid. Herein, we review the up-to-date findings dealing with HGSOC predisposition with the hypothesis that fallopian ciliated cells take part in HGSOC onset. Finally, we review the up-to-date literature concerning genes that are located in genomic loci associated with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) predisposition that are expressed by the fallopian ciliated cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Coan
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Research, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini, 2 33081 Aviano PN, Italy.
| | - Gian Luca Rampioni Vinciguerra
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Research, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini, 2 33081 Aviano PN, Italy.
| | - Laura Cesaratto
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Research, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini, 2 33081 Aviano PN, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Gardenal
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Bianchet
- Scientific Direction, CRO Aviano Italy, Via Franco Gallini, 2 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Erik Dassi
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, 38122 Trento, Italy.
| | - Andrea Vecchione
- Department of clinical and molecular medicine, university of Rome "Sapienza", c/o sant andrea hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy.
| | - Gustavo Baldassarre
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Research, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini, 2 33081 Aviano PN, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Spizzo
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Research, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini, 2 33081 Aviano PN, Italy.
| | - Milena Sabrina Nicoloso
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Research, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini, 2 33081 Aviano PN, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Molinari E, Ramsbottom SA, Sammut V, Hughes FEP, Sayer JA. Using zebrafish to study the function of nephronophthisis and related ciliopathy genes. F1000Res 2018; 7:1133. [PMID: 30254740 PMCID: PMC6127739 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.15511.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish are a valuable vertebrate model in which to study development and characterize genes involved in cystic kidney disease. Zebrafish embryos and larvae are transparent, allowing non-invasive imaging during their rapid development, which takes place over the first 72 hours post fertilisation. Gene-specific knockdown of nephronophthisis-associated genes leads to ciliary phenotypes which can be assessed in various developmental structures. Here we describe in detail the methods used for imaging cilia within Kupffer's vesicle to assess nephronophthisis and related ciliopathy phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Molinari
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Simon A. Ramsbottom
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Veronica Sammut
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Frances E. P. Hughes
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - John A. Sayer
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
- Renal Services, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Molinari E, Ramsbottom SA, Sammut V, Hughes FEP, Sayer JA. Using zebrafish to study the function of nephronophthisis and related ciliopathy genes. F1000Res 2018; 7:1133. [PMID: 30254740 PMCID: PMC6127739 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.15511.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish are a valuable vertebrate model in which to study development and characterize genes involved in cystic kidney disease. Zebrafish embryos and larvae are transparent, allowing non-invasive imaging during their rapid development, which takes place over the first 72 hours post fertilisation. Gene-specific knockdown of nephronophthisis-associated genes leads to ciliary phenotypes which can be assessed in various developmental structures. Here we describe in detail the methods used for imaging cilia within Kupffer's vesicle to assess nephronophthisis and related ciliopathy phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Molinari
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Simon A. Ramsbottom
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Veronica Sammut
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Frances E. P. Hughes
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - John A. Sayer
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
- Renal Services, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Slaats GG, Braun F, Hoehne M, Frech LE, Blomberg L, Benzing T, Schermer B, Rinschen MM, Kurschat CE. Urine-derived cells: a promising diagnostic tool in Fabry disease patients. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11042. [PMID: 30038331 PMCID: PMC6056427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29240-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease is a lysosomal storage disorder resulting from impaired alpha-galactosidase A (α-Gal A) enzyme activity due to mutations in the GLA gene. Currently, powerful diagnostic tools and in vivo research models to study Fabry disease are missing, which is a major obstacle for further improvements in diagnosis and therapy. Here, we explore the utility of urine-derived primary cells of Fabry disease patients. Viable cells were isolated and cultured from fresh urine void. The obtained cell culture, modeling the renal epithelium, is characterized by patient-specific information. We demonstrate that this non-invasive source of patient cells provides an adequate cellular in vivo model as cells exhibit decreased α-Gal A enzyme activity and concomitant globotriaosylceramide accumulation. Subsequent quantitative proteomic analyses revealed dysregulation of endosomal and lysosomal proteins indicating an involvement of the Coordinated Lysosomal Expression and Regulation (CLEAR) network in the disease pathology. This proteomic pattern resembled data from our previously described human podocyte model of Fabry disease. Taken together, the employment of urine-derived primary cells of Fabry disease patients might have diagnostic and prognostic implications in the future. Our findings pave the way towards a more detailed understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms and may allow the development of future tailored therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gisela G Slaats
- Department II of Internal Medicine Medicine and Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fabian Braun
- Department II of Internal Medicine Medicine and Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Hoehne
- Department II of Internal Medicine Medicine and Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Systems Biology of Aging, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Laura E Frech
- Department II of Internal Medicine Medicine and Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Linda Blomberg
- Department II of Internal Medicine Medicine and Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine Medicine and Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Systems Biology of Aging, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schermer
- Department II of Internal Medicine Medicine and Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Systems Biology of Aging, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus M Rinschen
- Department II of Internal Medicine Medicine and Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christine E Kurschat
- Department II of Internal Medicine Medicine and Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Srivastava S, Ramsbottom SA, Molinari E, Alkanderi S, Filby A, White K, Henry C, Saunier S, Miles CG, Sayer JA. A human patient-derived cellular model of Joubert syndrome reveals ciliary defects which can be rescued with targeted therapies. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:4657-4667. [PMID: 28973549 PMCID: PMC5886250 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JBTS) is the archetypal ciliopathy caused by mutation of genes encoding ciliary proteins leading to multi-system phenotypes, including a cerebello-retinal-renal syndrome. JBTS is genetically heterogeneous, however mutations in CEP290 are a common underlying cause. The renal manifestation of JBTS is a juvenile-onset cystic kidney disease, known as nephronophthisis, typically progressing to end-stage renal failure within the first two decades of life, thus providing a potential window for therapeutic intervention. In order to increase understanding of JBTS and its associated kidney disease and to explore potential treatments, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of primary renal epithelial cells directly isolated from patient urine (human urine-derived renal epithelial cells, hURECs). We demonstrate that hURECs from a JBTS patient with renal disease have elongated and disorganized primary cilia and that this ciliary phenotype is specifically associated with an absence of CEP290 protein. Treatment with the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway agonist purmorphamine or cyclin-dependent kinase inhibition (using roscovitine and siRNA directed towards cyclin-dependent kinase 5) ameliorated the cilia phenotype. In addition, purmorphamine treatment was shown to reduce cyclin-dependent kinase 5 in patient cells, suggesting a convergence of these signalling pathways. To our knowledge, this is the most extensive analysis of primary renal epithelial cells from JBTS patients to date. It demonstrates the feasibility and power of this approach to directly assess the consequences of patient-specific mutations in a physiologically relevant context and a previously unrecognized convergence of Shh agonism and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibition as potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shalabh Srivastava
- Newcastle University, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK.,Renal Services, The Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Simon A Ramsbottom
- Newcastle University, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Elisa Molinari
- Newcastle University, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Sumaya Alkanderi
- Newcastle University, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Andrew Filby
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Kathryn White
- EM Research Services, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Charline Henry
- EM Research Services, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.,Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Saunier
- Inserm UMR-1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France.,Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Colin G Miles
- Newcastle University, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - John A Sayer
- Newcastle University, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK.,Renal Services, The Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Forbes TA, Howden SE, Lawlor K, Phipson B, Maksimovic J, Hale L, Wilson S, Quinlan C, Ho G, Holman K, Bennetts B, Crawford J, Trnka P, Oshlack A, Patel C, Mallett A, Simons C, Little MH. Patient-iPSC-Derived Kidney Organoids Show Functional Validation of a Ciliopathic Renal Phenotype and Reveal Underlying Pathogenetic Mechanisms. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 102:816-831. [PMID: 29706353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing diagnostic rate of genomic sequencing, the genetic basis of more than 50% of heritable kidney disease remains unresolved. Kidney organoids differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of individuals affected by inherited renal disease represent a potential, but unvalidated, platform for the functional validation of novel gene variants and investigation of underlying pathogenetic mechanisms. In this study, trio whole-exome sequencing of a prospectively identified nephronophthisis (NPHP) proband and her parents identified compound-heterozygous variants in IFT140, a gene previously associated with NPHP-related ciliopathies. IFT140 plays a key role in retrograde intraflagellar transport, but the precise downstream cellular mechanisms responsible for disease presentation remain unknown. A one-step reprogramming and gene-editing protocol was used to derive both uncorrected proband iPSCs and isogenic gene-corrected iPSCs, which were differentiated to kidney organoids. Proband organoid tubules demonstrated shortened, club-shaped primary cilia, whereas gene correction rescued this phenotype. Differential expression analysis of epithelial cells isolated from organoids suggested downregulation of genes associated with apicobasal polarity, cell-cell junctions, and dynein motor assembly in proband epithelial cells. Matrigel cyst cultures confirmed a polarization defect in proband versus gene-corrected renal epithelium. As such, this study represents a "proof of concept" for using proband-derived iPSCs to model renal disease and illustrates dysfunctional cellular pathways beyond the primary cilium in the setting of IFT140 mutations, which are established for other NPHP genotypes.
Collapse
|
31
|
Lu D, Rauhauser A, Li B, Ren C, McEnery K, Zhu J, Chaki M, Vadnagara K, Elhadi S, Jetten AM, Igarashi P, Attanasio M. Loss of Glis2/NPHP7 causes kidney epithelial cell senescence and suppresses cyst growth in the Kif3a mouse model of cystic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2017; 89:1307-23. [PMID: 27181777 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Enlargement of kidney tubules is a common feature of multiple cystic kidney diseases in humans and mice. However, while some of these pathologies are characterized by cyst expansion and organ enlargement, in others, progressive interstitial fibrosis and kidney atrophy prevail. The Kif3a knockout mouse is an established non-orthologous mouse model of cystic kidney disease. Conditional inactivation of Kif3a in kidney tubular cells results in loss of primary cilia and rapid cyst growth. Conversely, loss of function of the gene GLIS2/NPHP7 causes progressive kidney atrophy, interstitial inflammatory infiltration, and fibrosis. Kif3a null tubular cells have unrestrained proliferation and reduced stabilization of p53 resulting in a loss of cell cycle arrest in the presence of DNA damage. In contrast, loss of Glis2 is associated with activation of checkpoint kinase 1, stabilization of p53, and induction of cell senescence. Interestingly, the cystic phenotype of Kif3a knockout mice is partially rescued by genetic ablation of Glis2 and pharmacological stabilization of p53. Thus, Kif3a is required for cell cycle regulation and the DNA damage response, whereas cell senescence is significantly enhanced in Glis2 null cells. Hence, cell senescence is a central feature in nephronophthisis type 7 and Kif3a is unexpectedly required for efficient DNA damage response and cell cycle arrest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alysha Rauhauser
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Binghua Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chongyu Ren
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kayla McEnery
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jili Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Moumita Chaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Komal Vadnagara
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sarah Elhadi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Anton M Jetten
- Cell Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Peter Igarashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Massimo Attanasio
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Eugene McDermott Center for Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Casoni F, Croci L, Bosone C, D'Ambrosio R, Badaloni A, Gaudesi D, Barili V, Sarna JR, Tessarollo L, Cremona O, Hawkes R, Warming S, Consalez GG. Zfp423/ZNF423 regulates cell cycle progression, the mode of cell division and the DNA-damage response in Purkinje neuron progenitors. Development 2017; 144:3686-3697. [PMID: 28893945 DOI: 10.1242/dev.155077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The Zfp423/ZNF423 gene encodes a 30-zinc-finger transcription factor involved in key developmental pathways. Although null Zfp423 mutants develop cerebellar malformations, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. ZNF423 mutations are associated with Joubert Syndrome, a ciliopathy causing cerebellar vermis hypoplasia and ataxia. ZNF423 participates in the DNA-damage response (DDR), raising questions regarding its role as a regulator of neural progenitor cell cycle progression in cerebellar development. To characterize in vivo the function of ZFP423 in neurogenesis, we analyzed allelic murine mutants in which distinct functional domains are deleted. One deletion impairs mitotic spindle orientation, leading to premature cell cycle exit and Purkinje cell (PC) progenitor pool deletion. The other deletion impairs PC differentiation. In both mutants, cell cycle progression is remarkably delayed and DDR markers are upregulated in cerebellar ventricular zone progenitors. Our in vivo evidence sheds light on the domain-specific roles played by ZFP423 in different aspects of PC progenitor development, and at the same time strengthens the emerging notion that an impaired DDR may be a key factor in the pathogenesis of JS and other ciliopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Casoni
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Laura Croci
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Camilla Bosone
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Roberta D'Ambrosio
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Aurora Badaloni
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Davide Gaudesi
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Valeria Barili
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Justyna R Sarna
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Lino Tessarollo
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Ottavio Cremona
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Richard Hawkes
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Søren Warming
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - G Giacomo Consalez
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy .,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Molinari E, Sayer JA. Emerging treatments and personalised medicine for ciliopathies associated with cystic kidney disease. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2017.1372282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Molinari
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John A. Sayer
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Van De Weghe JC, Rusterholz TD, Latour B, Grout ME, Aldinger KA, Shaheen R, Dempsey JC, Maddirevula S, Cheng YHH, Phelps IG, Gesemann M, Goel H, Birk OS, Alanzi T, Rawashdeh R, Khan AO, Bamshad MJ, Nickerson DA, Neuhauss SC, Dobyns WB, Alkuraya FS, Roepman R, Bachmann-Gagescu R, Doherty D, Doherty D. Mutations in ARMC9, which Encodes a Basal Body Protein, Cause Joubert Syndrome in Humans and Ciliopathy Phenotypes in Zebrafish. Am J Hum Genet 2017. [PMID: 28625504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JS) is a recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by hypotonia, ataxia, abnormal eye movements, and variable cognitive impairment. It is defined by a distinctive brain malformation known as the "molar tooth sign" on axial MRI. Subsets of affected individuals have malformations such as coloboma, polydactyly, and encephalocele, as well as progressive retinal dystrophy, fibrocystic kidney disease, and liver fibrosis. More than 35 genes have been associated with JS, but in a subset of families the genetic cause remains unknown. All of the gene products localize in and around the primary cilium, making JS a canonical ciliopathy. Ciliopathies are unified by their overlapping clinical features and underlying mechanisms involving ciliary dysfunction. In this work, we identify biallelic rare, predicted-deleterious ARMC9 variants (stop-gain, missense, splice-site, and single-exon deletion) in 11 individuals with JS from 8 families, accounting for approximately 1% of the disorder. The associated phenotypes range from isolated neurological involvement to JS with retinal dystrophy, additional brain abnormalities (e.g., heterotopia, Dandy-Walker malformation), pituitary insufficiency, and/or synpolydactyly. We show that ARMC9 localizes to the basal body of the cilium and is upregulated during ciliogenesis. Typical ciliopathy phenotypes (curved body shape, retinal dystrophy, coloboma, and decreased cilia) in a CRISPR/Cas9-engineered zebrafish mutant model provide additional support for ARMC9 as a ciliopathy-associated gene. Identifying ARMC9 mutations as a cause of JS takes us one step closer to a full genetic understanding of this important disorder and enables future functional work to define the central biological mechanisms underlying JS and other ciliopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dan Doherty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Mitchison HM, Valente EM. Motile and non-motile cilia in human pathology: from function to phenotypes. J Pathol 2017; 241:294-309. [PMID: 27859258 DOI: 10.1002/path.4843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ciliopathies are inherited human disorders caused by both motile and non-motile cilia dysfunction that form an important and rapidly expanding disease category. Ciliopathies are complex conditions to diagnose, being multisystem disorders characterized by extensive genetic heterogeneity and clinical variability with high levels of lethality. There is marked phenotypic overlap among distinct ciliopathy syndromes that presents a major challenge for their recognition, diagnosis, and clinical management, in addition to posing an on-going task to develop the most appropriate family counselling. The impact of next-generation sequencing and high-throughput technologies in the last decade has significantly improved our understanding of the biological basis of ciliopathy disorders, enhancing our ability to determine the possible reasons for the extensive overlap in their symptoms and genetic aetiologies. Here, we review the diverse functions of cilia in human health and disease and discuss a growing shift away from the classical clinical definitions of ciliopathy syndromes to a more functional categorization. This approach arises from our improved understanding of this unique organelle, revealed through new genetic and cell biological insights into the discrete functioning of subcompartments of the cilium (basal body, transition zone, intraflagellar transport, motility). Mutations affecting these distinct ciliary protein modules can confer different genetic diseases and new clinical classifications are possible to define, according to the nature and extent of organ involvement. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Mitchison
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.,Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 00143, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Macia MS, Halbritter J, Delous M, Bredrup C, Gutter A, Filhol E, Mellgren AE, Leh S, Bizet A, Braun DA, Gee HY, Silbermann F, Henry C, Krug P, Bole-Feysot C, Nitschké P, Joly D, Nicoud P, Paget A, Haugland H, Brackmann D, Ahmet N, Sandford R, Cengiz N, Knappskog PM, Boman H, Linghu B, Yang F, Oakeley EJ, Saint Mézard P, Sailer AW, Johansson S, Rødahl E, Saunier S, Hildebrandt F, Benmerah A. Mutations in MAPKBP1 Cause Juvenile or Late-Onset Cilia-Independent Nephronophthisis. Am J Hum Genet 2017; 100:323-333. [PMID: 28089251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephronophthisis (NPH), an autosomal-recessive tubulointerstitial nephritis, is the most common cause of hereditary end-stage renal disease in the first three decades of life. Since most NPH gene products (NPHP) function at the primary cilium, NPH is classified as a ciliopathy. We identified mutations in a candidate gene in eight individuals from five families presenting late-onset NPH with massive renal fibrosis. This gene encodes MAPKBP1, a poorly characterized scaffolding protein for JNK signaling. Immunofluorescence analyses showed that MAPKBP1 is not present at the primary cilium and that fibroblasts from affected individuals did not display ciliogenesis defects, indicating that MAPKBP1 may represent a new family of NPHP not involved in cilia-associated functions. Instead, MAPKBP1 is recruited to mitotic spindle poles (MSPs) during the early phases of mitosis where it colocalizes with its paralog WDR62, which plays a key role at MSP. Detected mutations compromise recruitment of MAPKBP1 to the MSP and/or its interaction with JNK2 or WDR62. Additionally, we show increased DNA damage response signaling in fibroblasts from affected individuals and upon knockdown of Mapkbp1 in murine cell lines, a phenotype previously associated with NPH. In conclusion, we identified mutations in MAPKBP1 as a genetic cause of juvenile or late-onset and cilia-independent NPH.
Collapse
|
37
|
Srivastava S, Molinari E, Raman S, Sayer JA. Many Genes-One Disease? Genetics of Nephronophthisis (NPHP) and NPHP-Associated Disorders. Front Pediatr 2017; 5:287. [PMID: 29379777 PMCID: PMC5770800 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephronophthisis (NPHP) is a renal ciliopathy and an autosomal recessive cause of cystic kidney disease, renal fibrosis, and end-stage renal failure, affecting children and young adults. Molecular genetic studies have identified more than 20 genes underlying this disorder, whose protein products are all related to cilia, centrosome, or mitotic spindle function. In around 15% of cases, there are additional features of a ciliopathy syndrome, including retinal defects, liver fibrosis, skeletal abnormalities, and brain developmental disorders. Alongside, gene identification has arisen molecular mechanistic insights into the disease pathogenesis. The genetic causes of NPHP are discussed in terms of how they help us to define treatable disease pathways including the cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathway, the mTOR pathway, Hedgehog signaling pathways, and DNA damage response pathways. While the underlying pathology of the many types of NPHP remains similar, the defined disease mechanisms are diverse, and a personalized medicine approach for therapy in NPHP patients is likely to be required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shalabh Srivastava
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Renal Unit, City Hospitals Sunderland and South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust, Sunderland, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Molinari
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Shreya Raman
- Department of Histopathology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John A Sayer
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Renal Services, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abramowicz I, Carpenter G, Alfieri M, Colnaghi R, Outwin E, Parent P, Thauvin-Robinet C, Iaconis D, Franco B, O'Driscoll M. Oral-facial-digital syndrome type I cells exhibit impaired DNA repair; unanticipated consequences of defective OFD1 outside of the cilia network. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:19-32. [PMID: 27798113 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Defects in OFD1 underlie the clinically complex ciliopathy, Oral-Facial-Digital syndrome Type I (OFD Type I). Our understanding of the molecular, cellular and clinical consequences of impaired OFD1 originates from its characterised roles at the centrosome/basal body/cilia network. Nonetheless, the first described OFD1 interactors were components of the TIP60 histone acetyltransferase complex. We find that OFD1 can also localise to chromatin and its reduced expression is associated with mis-localization of TIP60 in patient-derived cell lines. TIP60 plays important roles in controlling DNA repair. OFD Type I cells exhibit reduced histone acetylation and altered chromatin dynamics in response to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Furthermore, reduced OFD1 impaired DSB repair via homologous recombination repair (HRR). OFD1 loss also adversely impacted upon the DSB-induced G2-M checkpoint, inducing a hypersensitive and prolonged arrest. Our findings show that OFD Type I patient cells have pronounced defects in the DSB-induced histone modification, chromatin remodelling and DSB-repair via HRR; effectively phenocopying loss of TIP60. These data extend our knowledge of the molecular and cellular consequences of impaired OFD1, demonstrating that loss of OFD1 can negatively impact upon important nuclear events; chromatin plasticity and DNA repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iga Abramowicz
- Human DNA damage Response Disorders Group, Genome Damage & Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Gillian Carpenter
- Human DNA damage Response Disorders Group, Genome Damage & Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Rita Colnaghi
- Human DNA damage Response Disorders Group, Genome Damage & Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Emily Outwin
- Human DNA damage Response Disorders Group, Genome Damage & Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Philippe Parent
- Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, France
| | | | | | - Brunella Franco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Mark O'Driscoll
- Human DNA damage Response Disorders Group, Genome Damage & Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
McDougald DS, Kmiec E, Mills JA. Personalized models reveal mechanistic and therapeutic insights into CEP290-associated Leber congenital amaurosis. Stem Cell Investig 2016; 3:65. [PMID: 27868047 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2016.10.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Devin S McDougald
- Center for Advanced Retinal and Ocular Therapeutics, F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eric Kmiec
- Gene Editing Institute, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE 19702, USA
| | - Jason A Mills
- Center for Advanced Retinal and Ocular Therapeutics, F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Monroe GR, Kappen IF, Stokman MF, Terhal PA, van den Boogaard MJH, Savelberg SM, van der Veken LT, van Es RJ, Lens SM, Hengeveld RC, Creton MA, Janssen NG, Mink van der Molen AB, Ebbeling MB, Giles RH, Knoers NV, van Haaften G. Compound heterozygous NEK1 variants in two siblings with oral-facial-digital syndrome type II (Mohr syndrome). Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:1752-1760. [PMID: 27530628 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral-facial-digital (OFD) syndromes comprise a group of related disorders with a combination of oral, facial and digital anomalies. Variants in several ciliary genes have been associated with subtypes of OFD syndrome, yet in most OFD patients the underlying cause remains unknown. We investigated the molecular basis of disease in two brothers with OFD type II, Mohr syndrome, by performing single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-array analysis on the brothers and their healthy parents to identify homozygous regions and candidate genes. Subsequently, we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) on the family. Using WES, we identified compound heterozygous variants c.[464G>C];[1226G>A] in NIMA (Never in Mitosis Gene A)-Related Kinase 1 (NEK1). The novel variant c.464G>C disturbs normal splicing in an essential region of the kinase domain. The nonsense variant c.1226G>A, p.(Trp409*), results in nonsense-associated alternative splicing, removing the first coiled-coil domain of NEK1. Candidate variants were confirmed with Sanger sequencing and alternative splicing assessed with cDNA analysis. Immunocytochemistry was used to assess cilia number and length. Patient-derived fibroblasts showed severely reduced ciliation compared with control fibroblasts (18.0 vs 48.9%, P<0.0001), but showed no significant difference in cilia length. In conclusion, we identified compound heterozygous deleterious variants in NEK1 in two brothers with Mohr syndrome. Ciliation in patient fibroblasts is drastically reduced, consistent with a ciliary defect pathogenesis. Our results establish NEK1 variants involved in the etiology of a subset of patients with OFD syndrome type II and support the consideration of including (routine) NEK1 analysis in patients suspected of OFD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glen R Monroe
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Fpm Kappen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marijn F Stokman
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paulien A Terhal
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sanne Mc Savelberg
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lars T van der Veken
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Jj van Es
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne M Lens
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger C Hengeveld
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marijn A Creton
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nard G Janssen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Michelle B Ebbeling
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel H Giles
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Regenerative Medicine Center-Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nine V Knoers
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs van Haaften
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Cilia-Associated Genes Play Differing Roles in Aminoglycoside-Induced Hair Cell Death in Zebrafish. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2016; 6:2225-35. [PMID: 27207957 PMCID: PMC4938675 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.030080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Hair cells possess a single primary cilium, called the kinocilium, early in development. While the kinocilium is lost in auditory hair cells of most species it is maintained in vestibular hair cells. It has generally been believed that the primary role of the kinocilium and cilia-associated genes in hair cells is in the establishment of the polarity of actin-based stereocilia, the hair cell mechanotransduction apparatus. Through genetic screening and testing of candidate genes in zebrafish (Danio rerio) we have found that mutations in multiple cilia genes implicated in intraflagellar transport (dync2h1, wdr35, ift88, and traf3ip), and the ciliary transition zone (cc2d2a, mks1, and cep290) lead to resistance to aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death. These genes appear to have differing roles in hair cells, as mutations in intraflagellar transport genes, but not transition zone genes, lead to defects in kinocilia formation and processes dependent upon hair cell mechanotransduction activity. These mutants highlight a novel role of cilia-associated genes in hair cells, and provide powerful tools for further study.
Collapse
|
42
|
Johnson CA, Collis SJ. Ciliogenesis and the DNA damage response: a stressful relationship. Cilia 2016; 5:19. [PMID: 27335639 PMCID: PMC4916530 DOI: 10.1186/s13630-016-0040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Both inherited and sporadic mutations can give rise to a plethora of human diseases. Through myriad diverse cellular processes, sporadic mutations can arise through a failure to accurately replicate the genetic code or by inaccurate separation of duplicated chromosomes into daughter cells. The human genome has therefore evolved to encode a large number of proteins that work together with regulators of the cell cycle to ensure that it remains error-free. This is collectively known as the DNA damage response (DDR), and genome stability mechanisms involve a complex network of signalling and processing factors that ensure redundancy and adaptability of these systems. The importance of genome stability mechanisms is best illustrated by the dramatic increased risk of cancer in individuals with underlying disruption to genome maintenance mechanisms. Cilia are microtubule-based sensory organelles present on most vertebrate cells, where they facilitate transduction of external signals into the cell. When not embedded within the specialised ciliary membrane, components of the primary cilium's basal body help form the microtubule organising centre that controls cellular trafficking and the mitotic segregation of chromosomes. Ciliopathies are a collection of diseases associated with functional disruption to cilia function through a variety of different mechanisms. Ciliopathy phenotypes can vary widely, and although some cellular overgrowth phenotypes are prevalent in a subset of ciliopathies, an increased risk of cancer is not noted as a clinical feature. However, recent studies have identified surprising genetic and functional links between cilia-associated proteins and genome maintenance factors. The purpose of this mini-review is to therefore highlight some of these discoveries and discuss their implications with regards to functional crosstalk between the DDR and ciliogenesis pathways, and how this may impact on the development of human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin A. Johnson
- />Section of Ophthalmology and Neurosciences, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF UK
| | - Spencer J. Collis
- />Genome Stability Group, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tran PV, Lechtreck KF. An age of enlightenment for cilia: The FASEB summer research conference on the "Biology of Cilia and Flagella". Dev Biol 2015; 409:319-28. [PMID: 26597000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
From July 19-24, 2015, 169 clinicians and basic scientists gathered in the vertiginous heights of Snowmass, Colorado (2502 m) for the fourth FASEB summer research conference on the 'Biology of Cilia and Flagella'. Organizers Maureen Barr (Rutgers University), Iain Drummond (Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School), and Jagesh Shah (Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School) assembled a program filled with new data and forward-thinking ideas documenting the ongoing growth of the field. Sixty oral presentations and 77 posters covered novel aspects of cilia structure, ciliogenesis, cilia motility, cilia-mediated signaling, and cilia-related disease. In this report, we summarize the meeting, highlight exciting developments and discuss open questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela V Tran
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States.
| | | |
Collapse
|