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Larionov A, Hammer CM, Fiedler K, Filgueira L. Dynamics of Endothelial Cell Diversity and Plasticity in Health and Disease. Cells 2024; 13:1276. [PMID: 39120307 PMCID: PMC11312403 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are vital structural units of the cardiovascular system possessing two principal distinctive properties: heterogeneity and plasticity. Endothelial heterogeneity is defined by differences in tissue-specific endothelial phenotypes and their high predisposition to modification along the length of the vascular bed. This aspect of heterogeneity is closely associated with plasticity, the ability of ECs to adapt to environmental cues through the mobilization of genetic, molecular, and structural alterations. The specific endothelial cytoarchitectonics facilitate a quick structural cell reorganization and, furthermore, easy adaptation to the extrinsic and intrinsic environmental stimuli, known as the epigenetic landscape. ECs, as universally distributed and ubiquitous cells of the human body, play a role that extends far beyond their structural function in the cardiovascular system. They play a crucial role in terms of barrier function, cell-to-cell communication, and a myriad of physiological and pathologic processes. These include development, ontogenesis, disease initiation, and progression, as well as growth, regeneration, and repair. Despite substantial progress in the understanding of endothelial cell biology, the role of ECs in healthy conditions and pathologies remains a fascinating area of exploration. This review aims to summarize knowledge and concepts in endothelial biology. It focuses on the development and functional characteristics of endothelial cells in health and pathological conditions, with a particular emphasis on endothelial phenotypic and functional heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Larionov
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Anatomy, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (C.M.H.); (L.F.)
| | - Christian Manfred Hammer
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Anatomy, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (C.M.H.); (L.F.)
| | - Klaus Fiedler
- Independent Researcher, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;
| | - Luis Filgueira
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Anatomy, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (C.M.H.); (L.F.)
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2
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Travagli V, Iorio EL. The Biological and Molecular Action of Ozone and Its Derivatives: State-of-the-Art, Enhanced Scenarios, and Quality Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108465. [PMID: 37239818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The ultimate objective of this review is to encourage a multi-disciplinary and integrated methodological approach that, starting from the recognition of some current uncertainties, helps to deepen the molecular bases of ozone treatment effects on human and animal well-being and to optimize their performance in terms of reproducibility of results, quality, and safety. In fact, the common therapeutic treatments are normally documented by healthcare professionals' prescriptions. The same applies to medicinal gases (whose uses are based on their pharmacological effects) that are intended for patients for treatment, diagnostic, or preventive purposes and that have been produced and inspected in accordance with good manufacturing practices and pharmacopoeia monographs. On the contrary, it is the responsibility of healthcare professionals, who thoughtfully choose to use ozone as a medicinal product, to achieve the following objectives: (i) to understand the molecular basis of the mechanism of action; (ii) to adjust the treatment according to the clinical responses obtained in accordance with the principles of precision medicine and personalized therapy; (iii) to ensure all quality standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valter Travagli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Viale Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Eugenio Luigi Iorio
- International Observatory of Oxidative Stress, 84127 Salerno, Italy
- Campus Uberlândia, Universidade de Uberaba (UNIUBE), Uberlândia 38055-500, Brazil
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3
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CD14+/CD31+ monocytes expanded by UM171 correct hemophilia A in zebrafish upon lentiviral gene transfer of factor VIII. Blood Adv 2023; 7:697-711. [PMID: 36477543 PMCID: PMC9984962 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022009014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging gene therapy clinical trials test the correction of hemophilia A (HA) by replacing factor VIII (FVIII) in autologous hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Although it is known that platelets, monocyte/macrophages, and mesenchymal stromal cells can secrete transgenic FVIII, a systematic examination of blood lineages as extrahepatic sources of FVIII, to our knowledge, has not yet been performed. In this study, we sought to provide a comprehensive map of native and lentivirus-based transgenic FVIII production from HSC stage to mature blood cells, through a flow cytometry analysis. In addition, we generated a model of transient HA in zebrafish based on antisense RNA, to assess the corrective potential of the FVIII-transduced HSCs. We discovered that FVIII production begins at the CD34+ progenitor stage after cytokine stimulation in culture. Among all mature white blood cells, monocytes are the largest producers of native FVIII and can maintain protein overexpression during differentiation from HSCs when transduced by a FVIII lentiviral vector. Moreover, the addition of the HSC self-renewal agonist UM171 to CD34+ cells during transduction expanded a subpopulation of CD14+/CD31+ monocytes with excellent ability to carry the FVIII transgene, allowing the correction of HA phenotype in zebrafish. Finally, the HA zebrafish model showed that f8 RNA is predominantly localized in the hematopoietic system at the larval stage, which indicates a potential contributory role of FVIII in hematopoiesis that warrants further investigation. We believe that this study may be of broad interest to hematologists and researchers striving to advance knowledge and permanent treatments for patients with HA.
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Ivanovska A, Wang M, Arshaghi TE, Shaw G, Alves J, Byrne A, Butterworth S, Chandler R, Cuddy L, Dunne J, Guerin S, Harry R, McAlindan A, Mullins RA, Barry F. Manufacturing Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis in Canine Patients: Challenges and Recommendations. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:897150. [PMID: 35754551 PMCID: PMC9230578 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.897150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent interest in advanced biologic therapies in veterinary medicine has opened up opportunities for new treatment modalities with considerable clinical potential. Studies with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from animal species have focused on in vitro characterization (mostly following protocols developed for human application), experimental testing in controlled studies and clinical use in veterinary patients. The ability of MSCs to interact with the inflammatory environment through immunomodulatory and paracrine mechanisms makes them a good candidate for treatment of inflammatory musculoskeletal conditions in canine species. Analysis of existing data shows promising results in the treatment of canine hip dysplasia, osteoarthritis and rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in both sport and companion animals. Despite the absence of clear regulatory frameworks for veterinary advanced therapy medicinal products, there has been an increase in the number of commercial cell-based products that are available for clinical applications, and currently the commercial use of veterinary MSC products has outpaced basic research on characterization of the cell product. In the absence of quality standards for MSCs for use in canine patients, their safety, clinical efficacy and production standards are uncertain, leading to a risk of poor product consistency. To deliver high-quality MSC products for veterinary use in the future, there are critical issues that need to be addressed. By translating standards and strategies applied in human MSC manufacturing to products for veterinary use, in a collaborative effort between stem cell scientists and veterinary researchers and surgeons, we hope to facilitate the development of quality standards. We point out critical issues that need to be addressed, including a much higher level of attention to cell characterization, manufacturing standards and release criteria. We provide a set of recommendations that will contribute to the standardization of cell manufacturing methods and better quality assurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ivanovska
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), Biosciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mengyu Wang
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), Biosciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Tarlan Eslami Arshaghi
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), Biosciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Georgina Shaw
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), Biosciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Russell Chandler
- Orthopaedic Referral Service, Alphavet Veterinary Centre, Newport, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Cuddy
- Small Animal Surgery, Canine Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Veterinary Specialists Ireland, Summerhill, Ireland
| | - James Dunne
- Knocknacarra Veterinary Clinic, Ark Vets Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Shane Guerin
- Small Animal Surgery, Gilabbey Veterinary Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Aidan McAlindan
- Northern Ireland Veterinary Specialists, Hillsborough, United Kingdom
| | - Ronan A Mullins
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Frank Barry
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), Biosciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Mastrogiacomo M, Nardini M, Collina MC, Di Campli C, Filaci G, Cancedda R, Odorisio T. Innovative Cell and Platelet Rich Plasma Therapies for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Treatment: The Allogeneic Approach. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:869408. [PMID: 35586557 PMCID: PMC9108368 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.869408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous chronic wounds are a major global health burden in continuous growth, because of population aging and the higher incidence of chronic diseases, such as diabetes. Different treatments have been proposed: biological, surgical, and physical. However, most of these treatments are palliative and none of them can be considered fully satisfactory. During a spontaneous wound healing, endogenous regeneration mechanisms and resident cell activity are triggered by the released platelet content. Activated stem and progenitor cells are key factors for ulcer healing, and they can be either recruited to the wound site from the tissue itself (resident cells) or from elsewhere. Transplant of skin substitutes, and of stem cells derived from tissues such as bone marrow or adipose tissue, together with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatments have been proposed as therapeutic options, and they represent the today most promising tools to promote ulcer healing in diabetes. Although stem cells can directly participate to skin repair, they primarily contribute to the tissue remodeling by releasing biomolecules and microvesicles able to stimulate the endogenous regeneration mechanisms. Stem cells and PRP can be obtained from patients as autologous preparations. However, in the diabetic condition, poor cell number, reduced cell activity or impaired PRP efficacy may limit their use. Administration of allogeneic preparations from healthy and/or younger donors is regarded with increasing interest to overcome such limitation. This review summarizes the results obtained when these innovative treatments were adopted in preclinical animal models of diabetes and in diabetic patients, with a focus on allogeneic preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Mastrogiacomo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche (DIMI), Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maddalena Mastrogiacomo,
| | - Marta Nardini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche (DIMI), Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Collina
- Unità Operativa Semplice Piede Diabetico e Ulcere Cutanee, IDI-IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Cristiana Di Campli
- Unità Operativa Semplice Piede Diabetico e Ulcere Cutanee, IDI-IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Gilberto Filaci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche (DIMI), Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Ranieri Cancedda
- Emeritus Professor, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Teresa Odorisio
- Laboratorio di Biologia Molecolare e Cellulare, IDI-IRCCS, Roma, Italy
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Fuselier C, Quemener S, Dufay E, Bour C, Boulagnon-Rombi C, Bouland N, Djermoune EH, Devy J, Martiny L, Schneider C. Anti-Tumoral and Anti-Angiogenic Effects of Low-Diluted Phenacetinum on Melanoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:597503. [PMID: 33747916 PMCID: PMC7966719 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.597503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer and the most rapidly expanding cancer in terms of worldwide incidence. If primary cutaneous melanoma is mostly treated with a curative wide local excision, malignant melanoma has a poor prognosis and needs other therapeutic approaches. Angiogenesis is a normal physiological process essential in growth and development, but it also plays a crucial role in crossing from benign to advanced state in cancer. In melanoma progression, angiogenesis is widely involved during the vertical growth phase. Currently, no anti-angiogenic agents are efficient on their own, and combination of treatments will probably be the key to success. In the past, phenacetin was used as an analgesic to relieve pain, causing side effects at large dose and tumor-inducing in humans and animals. By contrast, Phenacetinum low-dilution is often used in skin febrile exanthema, patches profusely scattered on limbs, headache, or flushed face without side effects. Herein are described the in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo anti-angiogenic and anti-tumoral potentials of Phenacetinum low-dilution in a B16F1 tumor model and endothelial cells. We demonstrate that low-diluted Phenacetinum inhibits in vivo tumor growth and tumor vascularization and thus increases the survival time of B16F1 melanoma induced-C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, Phenacetinum modulates the lung metastasis in a B16F10 induced model. Ex vivo and in vitro, we evidence that low-diluted Phenacetinum inhibits the migration and the recruitment of endothelial cells and leads to an imbalance in the pro-tumoral macrophages and to a structural malformation of the vascular network. All together these results demonstrate highly hopeful anti-tumoral, anti-metastatic, and anti-angiogenic effects of Phenacetinum low-dilution on melanoma. Continued studies are needed to preclinically validate Phenacetinum low-dilution as a complementary or therapeutic strategy for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Fuselier
- Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS UMR 7369 (Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC), Reims, France
| | - Sandrine Quemener
- Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011 INSERM, Lille, France
| | - Eleonore Dufay
- Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS UMR 7369 (Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC), Reims, France
| | - Camille Bour
- Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS UMR 7369 (Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC), Reims, France
| | - Camille Boulagnon-Rombi
- Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS UMR 7369 (Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC), Reims, France
- Centre Hospitalier et Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, laboratoire de Biopathologie, Reims, France
| | - Nicole Bouland
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, laboratoire d’Anatomie Pathologie, Reims, France
| | | | - Jérôme Devy
- Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS UMR 7369 (Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC), Reims, France
| | - Laurent Martiny
- Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS UMR 7369 (Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC), Reims, France
| | - Christophe Schneider
- Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS UMR 7369 (Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC), Reims, France
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Anti-endothelial cell antibodies are associated with apoptotic endothelial microparticles, endothelial sloughing and decrease in angiogenic progenitors in systemic sclerosis. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2020; 37:725-735. [PMID: 33240013 PMCID: PMC7675085 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2019.84230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Evidence has accumulated for the role of endothelial damage in systemic sclerosis (SSc) and the anti-endothelial cell antibodies (AECAs) might underlie vascular injury. Aim Since endothelial microparticles (EMPs) and circulating endothelial cells (CECs) reflect endothelial damage, we aimed to investigate their possible relationship with AECAs in SSc. We examined whether AECAs could affect endothelial repair based on the number of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Material and methods Forty-seven SSc patients were screened. The AECAs were identified in serum by indirect immunofluorescence. EPCs and CECs were isolated from the peripheral blood using anti-CD34-based immunomagnetic separation, whereas EMPs were analyzed in plasma. Flow cytometry was used to quantify EMPs, CECs and EPCs. Results AECAs were found in 21 (44.7%) SSc patients and were significantly associated with higher levels of total as well as apoptotic (AnnV+ and CD51+) EMPs, whereas activated (CD62E+/AnnV–) EMPs did not differ between groups. Patients with AECAs had significantly elevated total CECs as well as activated CD105+ CECs. Total endothelial progenitors did not differ between patients with or without AECAs; however AECAs was negatively associated with the population of EPCs that express VEGFR2 or Tie2 receptors. Conclusions We found an association between AECAs and the severity of endothelial damage in SSc based on higher levels of total EMPs and CECs. In our study, AECAs were associated with apoptosis of ECs rather than their activation. We also identified a possible role of AECAs in the impairment of vascular repair in SSc as evidenced by significantly fewer angiogenic EPCs.
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Ferrari A, Giampietro C, Bachmann B, Bernardi L, Bezuidenhhout D, Ermanni P, Hopf R, Kitz S, Kress G, Loosli C, Marina V, Meboldt M, Pellegrini G, Poulikakos D, Rebholz M, Schmid Daners M, Schmidt T, Starck C, Stefopoulos G, Sündermann S, Thamsen B, Zilla P, Potapov E, Falk V, Mazza E. A Novel Hybrid Membrane VAD as First Step Toward Hemocompatible Blood Propulsion. Ann Biomed Eng 2020; 49:716-731. [PMID: 32901382 PMCID: PMC7851026 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02590-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is a raising cause of mortality. Heart transplantation and ventricular assist device (VAD) support represent the only available lifelines for end stage disease. In the context of donor organ shortage, the future role of VAD as destination therapy is emerging. Yet, major drawbacks are connected to the long-term implantation of current devices. Poor VAD hemocompatibility exposes the patient to life-threatening events, including haemorrhagic syndromes and thrombosis. Here, we introduce a new concept of artificial support, the Hybrid Membrane VAD, as a first-of-its-kind pump prototype enabling physiological blood propulsion through the cyclic actuation of a hyperelastic membrane, enabling the protection from the thrombogenic interaction between blood and the implant materials. The centre of the luminal membrane surface displays a rationally-developed surface topography interfering with flow to support a living endothelium. The precast cell layer survives to a range of dynamically changing pump actuating conditions i.e., actuation frequency from 1 to 4 Hz, stroke volume from 12 to 30 mL, and support duration up to 313 min, which are tested both in vitro and in vivo, ensuring the full retention of tissue integrity and connectivity under challenging conditions. In summary, the presented results constitute a proof of principle for the Hybrid Membrane VAD concept and represent the basis for its future development towards clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Ferrari
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland. .,EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technologies, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland. .,Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Costanza Giampietro
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.,EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technologies, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Björn Bachmann
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Bernardi
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Deon Bezuidenhhout
- Christiaan Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Paolo Ermanni
- Laboratory of Composite Materials and Adaptive Structures, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raoul Hopf
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technologies, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Kitz
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerald Kress
- Laboratory of Composite Materials and Adaptive Structures, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Loosli
- Laboratory of Composite Materials and Adaptive Structures, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vita Marina
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mirko Meboldt
- Product Development Group Zurich, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Pellegrini
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dimos Poulikakos
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Rebholz
- Product Development Group Zurich, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Schmid Daners
- Product Development Group Zurich, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Schmidt
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Starck
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georgios Stefopoulos
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Sündermann
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung, Standort Berlin, Germany
| | - Bente Thamsen
- Product Development Group Zurich, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Zilla
- Christiaan Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Evgenij Potapov
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung, Standort Berlin, Germany.,Translational Cardiovascular Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Volkmar Falk
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung, Standort Berlin, Germany. .,Translational Cardiovascular Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Edoardo Mazza
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technologies, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland. .,Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Chen JL, Wang L, Li R, Jiao YF, Yu WF. High expression of endothelial progenitor cell-induced angiogenic markers is associated with bile acid levels in HCC. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2729-2738. [PMID: 32782589 PMCID: PMC7400775 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cell (EPC)-induced angiogenesis activity is enhanced in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, the contributing factors remain unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the factors influencing the number of EPCs and circulating progenitor cells (CPCs), as well as the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) and CD34, in patients with HCC. The expression levels of VEGFR-2 and CD34 were assessed in 72 HCC tumor and matched adjacent tissue microarrays by immunohistochemistry. The associations between VEGFR-2 or CD34 expression in tumors, clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival rates were analyzed. The number of EPCs and CPCs were analyzed in the peripheral blood of patients with HCC. In this study, high expression levels of VEGFR-2 and CD34 were detected in the tumor tissues of 41 (56.9%) and 44 (61.1%) patients, respectively. VEGFR-2 expression was significantly associated with tumor size (P<0.001), bile acid level (P=0.014) and α-fetoprotein level (P=0.011). However, CD34 expression was associated with tumor size (P=0.009), recrudescence (P<0.001) and bile acid (P=0.009). Next, the expression levels of VEGFR-2 and CD34 in tumor and adjacent tissues were compared according to the bile acid level. VEGFR-2 and CD34 expression levels were both higher in the high bile acid group, whereas expression levels of the markers were higher in adjacent tissues compared with tumor tissues. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis identified that patients with low CD34 expression had a longer overall survival compared with patients with high CD34 expression (P=0.029). Multivariate analysis also indicated that both VEGFR-2 (P=0.020) and CD34 (P=0.035) were independent prognostic risk factors. Moreover, flow cytometry demonstrated that the number of EPCs and CPCs was negatively related with the bile acid levels in patients with HCC. In conclusion, in patients with HCC, bile acid promotes EPC-induced angiogenesis. Furthermore, EPCs and CPCs may be activated by bile acid in tumors but are more so in adjacent tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Long Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Children's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Long Wang
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Pathology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Fu Jiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Feng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
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10
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Shende P, Gandhewar N. Current Trend and Pro-survival Approaches for Augmenting Stem Cell Viability. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:1154-1164. [PMID: 32297579 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200416130253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cells are of two types: embryonic and adult stem cells and they act as a repair system by replenishing body tissue. Stem cells differentiate into different types of cells, such as neural, hematopoietic, adipose, etc. and are used for the treatment of various conditions like myocardial infarction, spinal cord injury, Parkinson's disease and diabetes. METHODS This article focuses on recent research development that addresses the viability issues of stem cells. The efficiency of transplanted stem cells reduces due to conditions like hypoxia, inflammation, nutrient deprivation, immunogenicity, extracellular matrix loss on delivery and mechanical stress. RESULTS To increase the viability of stem cells, techniques like scaffolds of stem cells with hydrogel or alginate, pre-conditioning, different routes of administration and encapsulation, are implemented. CONCLUSION For the protection of stem cells against apoptosis, different pathways, namely Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K/AKT), Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF1), Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK) and Hippo, are discussed. DISCUSSION Activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway decreases the concentration of apoptotic factors, while the HIF pathway protects stem cells against the micro-environment of tissue (hypoxia).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Shende
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School Pharmacy and Technology Management SVKM'S NMIMS, V.L Mehta Road, Vile Parle(W), Mumbai, India
| | - Nivedita Gandhewar
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School Pharmacy and Technology Management SVKM'S NMIMS, V.L Mehta Road, Vile Parle(W), Mumbai, India
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11
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Saravanan S, Vimalraj S, Pavani K, Nikarika R, Sumantran VN. Intussusceptive angiogenesis as a key therapeutic target for cancer therapy. Life Sci 2020; 252:117670. [PMID: 32298741 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Deregulation of angiogenesis is a key reason for tumor growth and progression. Several anti-angiogenic drugs in clinical practice attempt to normalize abnormal tumor vasculature. Unfortunately, these drugs are ineffective due to the development of resistance in patients after drug holidays. A sizable literature suggests that resistance to these anti-angiogenic drugs occurs due to various compensatory mechanisms of tumor angiogenesis. Therefore, we describe different compensatory mechanisms of tumor angiogenesis, and explain why intussusceptive angiogenesis (IA), is a crucial mechanism of compensatory angiogenesis in tumors which resist anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) therapies. IA is often overlooked due to the scarcity of experimental models. Therefore, we examine data from existing experimental models and our novel ex-ovo model of angiogenesis in chick embryos, and explain the important genes and signaling pathways driving IA. Using bio-informatic analyses of major genes regulating conventional sprouting angiogenesis (SA) and intussusceptive angiogenesis, we provide fresh insights on the 'angiogenic switch' which regulates the transition from SA to IA. Finally, we examine the interplay between molecules regulating SA, IA, and molecules known to promote tumor progression. Based on these analyses, we conclude that intussusceptive angiogenesis (IA) is a promising therapeutic target for developing effective anti-cancer treatment regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sekaran Saravanan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), Department of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvaraj Vimalraj
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Koka Pavani
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramesh Nikarika
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venil N Sumantran
- Abdul Kalam Center for Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Dr. MGR Educational & Research Institute, Maduravoyal, Chennai 600095, India
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12
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Baruah J, Wary KK. Exosomes in the Regulation of Vascular Endothelial Cell Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 7:353. [PMID: 31998716 PMCID: PMC6962177 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes have been described as nanoscale membranous extracellular vesicles that emerge from a variety of cells and tissues and are enriched with biologically active genomic and non-genomic biomolecules capable of transducing cell to cell communication. Exosome release, and exosome mediated signaling and cross-talks have been reported in several pathophysiological states. Therefore, exosomes have the potential to become suitable for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of specific diseases, including endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction and regeneration. The role of EC-derived exosomes in the mechanisms of cardiovascular tissue regenerative processes represents currently an area of intense research activity. Recent studies have described the potential of exosomes to influence the pathophysiology of immune signaling, tumor metastasis, and angiogenesis. In this review, we briefly discuss progress made in our understanding of the composition and the roles of exosomes in relation to EC regeneration as well as revascularization of ischemic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jugajyoti Baruah
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Angiogenesis and Brain Development Laboratory, Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Kishore K Wary
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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13
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Zahran AM, Abdel-Rahim MH, Refaat A, Sayed M, Othman MM, Khalak LMR, Hetta HF. Circulating hematopoietic stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells and cancer stem cells in hepatocellular carcinoma patients: contribution to diagnosis and prognosis. Acta Oncol 2020; 59:33-39. [PMID: 31478425 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2019.1657940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background and aim: Circulating hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) contribute to tumor development and progression and can predict patient outcome. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of circulating HSCs, EPCs and CSCs in the peripheral blood of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to explore their potential prognostic significance for HCC patients.Methods: The study included 30 HCC patients and 20 healthy controls. The HSCs and EPCs were enumerated with CD45, CD34, CD133, CD144 markers, while CSCs were enumerated with CD45, CD44, CD133 markers using flow cytometry.Results: The mean percentages of circulating HSCs were significantly lower in HCC patients than the controls (p = .001), whereas the mean percentages of EPCs within the HSCs subpopulation were significantly higher in the HCC patients than the controls (p = .002). The absolute count of CSCs within 100,000 peripheral blood mononuclear cells was 23.5 ± 3.4 in the HCC patients. Also, the mean percentages of circulating HSCs, EPCs and the number of CSCs were significantly increased in patients with multiple hepatic focal lesions than in patients with a single hepatic focal lesion. Both circulating HSCs and EPCs showed significant positive correlation with the level of AFP and with the numbers of CSCs. In the meantime, the numbers of CSCs revealed significant direct correlation with ALT, AST and AFP levels. The one-year overall survival (OS) of the patients was 77.5%. High levels of CSCs, HSCs and EPCs at diagnosis were all associated with worse outcome for the HCC patients.Conclusions: Significant changes in the levels of the circulating HSCs, EPCs and CSCs occur in HCC. These changes help the diagnosis and the prediction of HCC outcome, as higher levels of these cells are associated with worse OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M. Zahran
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mona H. Abdel-Rahim
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Refaat
- Medical Oncology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mona Sayed
- Radiotherapy Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M. Othman
- Radiodiagnosis Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa M. R. Khalak
- Radiodiagnosis Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Helal F. Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Abstract
In 1997, the seminal manuscript by Asahara, Murohara, Isner et al outlined the evidence for the existence of circulating, bone marrow-derived cells capable of stimulating and contributing to the formation of new blood vessels. Consistent with the paradigm shift that this work represented, it triggered much scientific debate and controversy, some of which persists 2 decades later. In contrast, the clinical application of autologous CD34 cell therapy has been marked by a track record of consistent safety and clinical benefit in multiple ischemic conditions. In this review, we summarize the preclinical and clinical evidence from over 700 patients in clinical trials of CD34 cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atsuhiko Kawamoto
- Translational Research Center for Medical Innovation (TRI), Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe (FBRI)
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15
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Budzyń M, Gryszczyńska B, Boruczkowski M, Kaczmarek M, Begier-Krasińska B, Osińska A, Bukowska A, Iskra M, Kasprzak MP. The endothelial status reflected by circulating endothelial cells, circulating endothelial progenitor cells and soluble thrombomodulin in patients with mild and resistant hypertension. Vascul Pharmacol 2019; 113:77-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Filippini A, Sica G, D'Alessio A. The caveolar membrane system in endothelium: From cell signaling to vascular pathology. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:5060-5071. [PMID: 29637636 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Caveolae are 50- to 100-nm cholesterol and glycosphingolipid-rich flask-shaped invaginations commonly observed in many terminally differentiated cells. These organelles have been described in many cell types and are particularly abundant in endothelial cells, where they have been involved in the regulation of certain signaling pathways. Specific scaffolding proteins termed caveolins, along with the more recently discovered members of the cavin family, represent the major protein components during caveolae biogenesis. In addition, multiple studies aimed to investigate the expression and the regulation of these proteins significantly contributed to elucidate the role of caveolae and caveolins in endothelial cell physiology and disease. The aim of this review is to survey recent evidence of the involvement of the caveolar network in endothelial cell biology and endothelial cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Filippini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gigliola Sica
- Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio D'Alessio
- Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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17
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Szpera-Goździewicz A, Majcherek M, Boruczkowski M, Goździewicz T, Dworacki G, Wicherek L, Bręborowicz GH. Circulating endothelial cells, circulating endothelial progenitor cells, and von Willebrand factor in pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 77. [PMID: 28224722 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM We tested the hypothesis that the number of both CECs and CEPCs as well as the vWf blood plasma concentration are altered in pregnant women with hypertensive disorders. METHOD OF STUDY Seventy-five pregnant women were enrolled in our study. We used multicolor flow cytometry for CEC and CEPC analysis and the commercial human VWF ELISA kit to measure vWf blood plasma concentration. RESULTS The highest number of CECs was found in the chronic hypertension group and the lowest number in the healthy pregnant control group. The highest number of CEPCs was found in the control group and the lowest number in the chronic hypertension group. The vWf blood plasma concentration was the highest in the pre-eclampsia group. The CEPC/CEC ratio reached its lowest value in the chronic hypertension group and its highest value in the control group. CONCLUSION The number of both CECs and CEPCs as well as the vWf blood plasma concentration depends on the type of hypertension complicating the pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Szpera-Goździewicz
- Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Majcherek
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Boruczkowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Goździewicz
- Department of Gynecology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Dworacki
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Lukasz Wicherek
- Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Gynecological Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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18
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Mazzotta C, Manetti M, Rosa I, Romano E, Blagojevic J, Bellando-Randone S, Bruni C, Lepri G, Guiducci S, Ibba-Manneschi L, Matucci-Cerinic M. Proangiogenic effects of soluble α-Klotho on systemic sclerosis dermal microvascular endothelial cells. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:27. [PMID: 28183357 PMCID: PMC5301388 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1233-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis, impaired angiogenesis and peripheral microvasculopathy. Soluble α-Klotho (sKl) is a pleiotropic molecule with multiple effects on ECs, including antioxidant and vasculoprotective activities. On the EC surface, sKl interacts with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and transient receptor potential canonical-1 (TRPC-1) cation channel to control EC homeostasis. Here, we investigated whether sKl might act as a protective factor to improve angiogenesis in dermal microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) from SSc patients (SSc-MVECs). Methods Wound healing assay was performed on healthy dermal MVECs (H-MVECs) challenged with sera from healthy controls or SSc patients with or without the addition of sKl. Capillary morphogenesis on Matrigel was assessed in H-MVECs and SSc-MVECs at basal conditions and treated with sKl, as well as in H-MVECs challenged with healthy or SSc sera in presence or absence of sKl. The expression of α-Klotho, VEGF165b, VEGFR-2, TRPC-1, Ki67 and active caspase-3 in H-MVECs and SSc-MVECs was investigated by western blotting. Immunostaining for α-Klotho was performed in H-MVECs and SSc-MVECs, and in healthy and SSc skin sections. Results Treatment with sKl effectively counteracted the inihibitory effects of SSc sera on wound healing ability and angiogenic performance of H-MVECs. The addition of sKl significantly improved angiogenesis and maintained over time capillary-like tube formation in vitro by SSc-MVECs. Stimulation of SSc-MVECs with sKl resulted in the upregulation of the proliferation marker Ki67 in parallel with the downregulation of proapoptotic active caspase-3. The expression of α-Klotho was significantly lower in SSc-MVECs than in H-MVECs. The expression of TRPC-1 was also significantly decreased, while that of VEGFR-2 and VEGF165b was significantly increased, in SSc-MVECs compared with H-MVECs. Challenge with sKl either significantly increased TRPC-1 or decreased VEGF165b in SSc-MVECs. Ex vivo analyses revealed that α-Klotho immunostaining was almost absent in the dermal microvascular network of SSc skin compared with control skin. Conclusions Our findings provide the first evidence that α-Klotho is significantly decreased in the microvasculature in SSc skin and that sKl administration may effectively improve SSc-MVEC functions in vitro by acting as a powerful proangiogenic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celestina Mazzotta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, AOUC, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy.
| | - Mirko Manetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Rosa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, AOUC, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Eloisa Romano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, AOUC, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Jelena Blagojevic
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, AOUC, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Bellando-Randone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, AOUC, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Cosimo Bruni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, AOUC, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Gemma Lepri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, AOUC, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Serena Guiducci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, AOUC, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Lidia Ibba-Manneschi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, AOUC, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
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Endothelial cell colony forming units derived from malignant breast diseases are resistant to tumor necrosis factor-α-induced apoptosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37450. [PMID: 27881867 PMCID: PMC5121583 DOI: 10.1038/srep37450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mobilisation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from the bone marrow is a crucial step in the formation of de novo blood vessels, and levels of peripheral blood EPCs have been shown to be elevated in certain malignant states. Using flow cytometry and a Hill-based colony forming unit (CFU) assay, the present study indicated that higher levels of CD34 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) double-positive EPCs, as well as increased formation of endothelial cell colony-forming units (EC-CFUs) are associated with benign and malignant breast diseases, providing possible indicators for breast disease detection. Gene expression profiles revealed a genetic difference between CD34+ VEGFR2+ EPCs and EC-CFUs. Decreased expression of tumour necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) signalling-related genes and inhibition of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-induced signalling were demonstrated in EC-CFUs derived from patients with malignant breast disease in comparison with those from healthy controls. Interestingly, our data provided the first evidence that EC-CFUs derived from patients with malignant breast disease were resistant to TNF-α-induced apoptosis, indicating a plausible target for future therapeutic interventions.
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20
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Kalathil SG, Lugade AA, Iyer R, Miller A, Thanavala Y. Endothelial progenitor cell number and ERK phosphorylation serve as predictive and prognostic biomarkers in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with sorafenib. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1226718. [PMID: 27853648 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1226718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib is an oral anti-angiogenic multi-kinase inhibitor used for systemic therapy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who are not suitable candidates for surgery or liver transplantation. An earlier study conducted with HCC tumor tissue suggested that ERK phosphorylation (pERK), a downstream target of sorafenib, may serve as a potential biomarker for therapeutic efficacy of sorafenib. However, no study thus far has utilized a minimal invasive procedure to predict HCC patient responsiveness to sorafenib. We evaluated the biomarker utility of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) frequency and intracellular pERK levels in EPCs in peripheral blood obtained pre- and post-sorafenib therapy or after transarterial chemoembolistaion (TACE). A statistically significant reduction in the level of ERK phosphorylation and in the absolute number of EPCs was detected following in vivo sorafenib treatment (p < 0 .01 for both). In contrast, the decrease in the level of ERK phosphorylation and EPC number was either marginally significant or insignificant in patients treated with TACE (p = 0.05 and 0.06, respectively). In vitro sorafenib treatment of pre- and post-samples from the same patient cohort inhibited ERK phosphorylation levels in EPCs and decreased the number of EPCs at all doses tested (p = 0.01). Our findings support that the evaluation of both the circulating EPC frequency and the level of ERK phosphorylation in EPCs may serve as potential non-invasive biomarkers of sorafenib efficacy, both as predictor of treatment outcome and efficacy during drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amit Anand Lugade
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Renuka Iyer
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Austin Miller
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Yasmin Thanavala
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo, NY, USA
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Yang J, Zhang X, Zhao Z, Li X, Wang X, Chen M, Song B, Ii M, Shen Z. Regulatory roles of interferon-inducible protein 204 on differentiation and vasculogenic activity of endothelial progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:111. [PMID: 27514835 PMCID: PMC4981987 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0365-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have shown great potential in angiogenesis either by their differentiation into endothelial cells or by secretion of angiogenic factors. Interferon-inducible protein 204 (Ifi204) has been reported to participate in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. However, its role in differentiation of EPCs remains unknown. We proposed that Ifi204 could modulate the differentiation and regenerative abilities of EPCs. METHODS Ifi204-expressing lentivirus and Ifi204 siRNA were introduced into EPCs to overexpress and suppress the expression of Ifi204. Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting, immunocytochemistry, and quantitative PCR, endothelial markers including CD31, VE-cadherin, and vWF were detected in the modified EPCs. An in-vitro incorporation assay and a colony-forming assay were also performed. RESULTS Evidence showed that Ifi204 inhibition decreased the endothelial differentiation and vasculogenic activities of EPCs in vitro. In mice with hindlimb ischemia, downregulation of Ifi204 in EPCs, which was tracked by our newly synthesized nanofluorogen, impaired neovascularization, with a corresponding reduction in hindlimb blood reperfusion by postoperative day 14. CONCLUSIONS Ifi204 is required for EPC differentiation and neovascularization in vitro and in vivo. The regulatory roles of Ifi204 in EPC differentiation may benefit the clinical therapy of ischemic vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Yang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006 China
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Zhenao Zhao
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Xizhe Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Shanghai 1st People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080 China
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Ming Chen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Bo Song
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Masaaki Ii
- Division of Research Animal Laboratory and Translational Medicine, Research and Development Center, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686 Japan
| | - Zhenya Shen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006 China
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Su X, Liu X, Ni L, Shi W, Zhu H, Shi J, Chen J, Gu Z, Gao Y, Lan Q, Huang Q. GFAP expression is regulated by Pax3 in brain glioma stem cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1277-84. [PMID: 27432276 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are understood to evolve from brain glioma stem cells (BGSCs), and yet the biology underlying this model of tumorigenesis is largely unknown. Paired box 3 protein (Pax3) is a member of the paired box (Pax) family of transcription factors that is normally expressed during embryonic development, but has recently been implicated in tumorigenesis. The present study demonstrated that Pax3 is differentially expressed in U87MG human glioma cell, BGSC and normal 1800 human astrocyte lines. Herein, we identified that the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a major intermediate filament protein of mature astrocytes, is directly downregulated during the differentiation of BGSCs via the binding of Pax3 to the promoter region of GFAP. Moreover, siRNA silencing of Pax3 arrested BGSC differentiation, while overexpression of Pax3 promoted the differentiation in BGSCs. Furthermore, we studied the cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, differentiation and expression of Pax3 and GFAP in Pax3 siRNA-knockdown and Pax3-overexpressing BGSC models by CCK-8, Transwell migration, flow cytometry and western blot assays. The results indicate that Pax3 regulates GFAP expression, and that Pax3 may contribute to the evolution of BGSCs towards malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojiang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Lanchun Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Jinlong Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Zhikai Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yilu Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Qing Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Qingfeng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
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Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Pellegrini L, Ledda A, Vinciguerra G, Ricci A, Gizzi G, Ippolito E, Fano F, Dugall M, Acerbi G, Cacchio M, Di Renzo A, Hosoi M, Stuard S, Corsi M. Circulating Endothelial Cells in Venous Blood as a Marker of Endothelial Damage in Chronic Venous Insufficiency: Improvement with Venoruton. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2016; 11:93-8. [PMID: 16703224 DOI: 10.1177/107424840601100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Damage to endothelial cells is common in vascular disorders and in reactions associated with transplantation. An elevated number of circulating endothelial cells indicates the extent of endothelial damage in a variety of disorders. In chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), the number of endothelial cells is abnormally increased, and this can be considered an important indication of endothelial damage. A group of 23 subjects with two levels of CVI (severe and very severe with previous ulcerations) with an increased endothelial cell count (seen by microscopy) was studied and treated for 4 weeks with oral Venoruton (0-[beta-hydroxyethyl]-rutosides) (1 g/day) to evaluate the effects of treatment on the circulating endothelial cells in blood taken from a peripheral leg vein. The controls comprised two groups with comparable age and sex distribution, one of healthy individuals and one of CVI subjects. After 4 weeks, a significant decrease was noted in endothelial cells both in subjects with CVI and in those with very severe CVI with previous ulcerations. This study suggests that endothelial cells may play a significant role in venous disease, being both an indication of severe disease and a further problem in itself. The use of Venoruton appears to decrease the number of circulating endothelial cells. This suggests an important role of this compound in protecting the endothelium and offers new potentially important therapeutic options that are not limited only to venous disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Cesarone
- Irvine2 Vascular Lab and Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, G D'Annunzio, University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
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Adrenomedullin Up-regulates the Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma Cells via JNK/AP-1 Pathway. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2016; 25:953-60. [PMID: 26098087 PMCID: PMC4485736 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adrenomedullin (AM), a potent vasodilator peptide, presents in various kinds of tumors and promotes angiogenesis. We have previously reported that AM is expressed in epithelial ovarian carcinoma tissue. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that AM might regulate production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in epithelial ovarian carcinoma and further promote angiogenic processes. METHODS The messenger RNA expression of VEGF in human epithelial ovarian carcinoma cells (HO-8910) was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Transcriptional control was analyzed by transient transfection assay of VEGF promoter-luciferase hybrid genes and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was detected by Western blotting. The formation of capillarylike structures by EA.hy926 cells cocultured with HO-8910 cells on Matrigel was also studied. RESULTS We found that in HO-8910 cells, AM (10⁻¹⁰ to 10⁻⁷ mol/L) enhanced VEGF messenger RNA expression in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, as well as promoter activity. Furthermore, JNK was activated by AM stimulation. The AM-induced increase in VEGF expression was significantly attenuated by SP600125, a specific JNK inhibitor. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and promoter activity analysis showed that VEGF expression induced by AM required the activator protein 1 motif on the VEGF promoter. In an in vitro angiogenesis system for endothelial cells (EA.hy926) cocultured with HO-8910 cells, we observed that the addition of AM stimulated endothelial cell tube formation, which could be abolished by VEGF neutralizing antibody. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the JNK/Activator protein 1 pathway is involved in AM-induced VEGF expression in HO-8910 cells.
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Qiu XX, Chen L, Wang CH, Lin ZX, Chen BJ, You N, Chen Y, Wang XF. The Vascular Notch Ligands Delta-Like Ligand 4 (DLL4) and Jagged1 (JAG1) Have Opposing Correlations with Microvascularization but a Uniform Prognostic Effect in Primary Glioblastoma: A Preliminary Study. World Neurosurg 2016; 88:447-458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Left ventricular dysfunction and subclinical atherosclerosis in children with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia: a single-center study from upper Egypt. Eur J Pediatr 2016; 175:405-12. [PMID: 26390869 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-015-2634-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Few studies assessed carotid artery intima-media thickness (CA-IMT) and left ventricular (LV) function in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) as compared to adults. This study aimed to assess carotid artery structural changes and myocardial function with CAH. The study included 32 children with classic CAH and 32 healthy children matched for age, gender, pubertal status, and socioeconomic status. Blood levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and circulating endothelial cells (CECs) were measured. LV mass (LVM) and function were assessed using conventional echocardiography. Duplex ultrasonography was used to measure CA-IMT. Compared to controls, patients had higher hs-CRP and CEC concentrations (p < 0.001) and increased CA-IMT (p < 0.001), indicating vascular endothelial injury and subclinical atherosclerosis; higher LVM index (LVMI) (p < 0.001), indicating LV hypertrophy; and lower ratio of E/A wave and prolonged mitral deceleration time (DcT) and isovolumic relaxation times (IVRTs) (p < 0.001), indicating LV dysfunction. Abnormalities were marked in uncontrolled children on medical treatment. Testosterone levels were positively correlated with CA-IMT, LVMI, and DcT values. CONCLUSION This study indicates that children with CAH and enhanced androgen levels are at increased risk of vascular endothelial injury, subclinical atherosclerosis, and LV dysfunction. These findings highlight early monitoring of children with CAH for cardiovascular abnormalities.
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Abstract
Tumor neovascularization acquires their vessels through a number of processes including angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, vascular remodeling, intussusception, and possibly vascular mimicry in certain tumors. The end result of the tumor vasculature has been quantified by counting the number of immunohistochemically identified microvessels in areas of maximal vascularity, so-called hot spot. Other techniques have been developed such as Chalkley counting and the use of image analysis systems that are robust and reproducible as well as being more objective. Many of the molecular pathways that govern tumor neovascularization have been identified and many reagents are now available to study these tissue sections. These include angiogenic growth factors and their receptors and cell adhesion molecules, proteases, and markers of activated, proliferating, cytokine-stimulated, or angiogenic vessels, such as CD105. It is also possible to differentiate quiescent from active vessels. Other reagents that can identify proteins involved in microenvironmental influences such as hypoxia have also been generated. Although the histological assessment of tumor vascularity is used mostly in the research context, it may also have clinical applications if appropriate methodology and trained observers perform the studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Min Pang
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 2 St Andrews Place, Melbourne, 3002, Australia
| | - Nicholas Jene
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 2 St Andrews Place, Melbourne, 3002, Australia
| | - Stephen B Fox
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 2 St Andrews Place, Melbourne, 3002, Australia.
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Chen YW, Liou GG, Pan HB, Tseng HH, Hung YT, Chou CP. Specific detection of CD133-positive tumor cells with iron oxide nanoparticles labeling using noninvasive molecular magnetic resonance imaging. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:6997-7018. [PMID: 26635474 PMCID: PMC4646596 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s86592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles to visualize cells has been applied clinically, showing the potential for monitoring cells in vivo with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). USPIO conjugated with anti-CD133 antibodies (USPIO-CD133 Ab) that recognize the CD133 molecule, a cancer stem cell marker in a variety of cancers, was studied as a novel and potent agent for MRI contrast enhancement of tumor cells. Materials and methods Anti-CD133 antibodies were used to conjugate with USPIO via interaction of streptavidin and biotin for in vivo labeling of CD133-positive cells in xenografted tumors and N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced brain tumors. The specific binding of USPIO-CD133 Ab to CD133-positive tumor cells was subsequently detected by Prussian blue staining and MRI with T2-weighted, gradient echo and multiple echo recombined gradient echo images. In addition, the cellular toxicity of USPIO-CD133 Ab was determined by analyzing cell proliferation, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species production. Results USPIO-CD133 Ab specifically recognizes in vitro and labels CD133-positive cells, as validated using Prussian blue staining and MRI. The assays of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species production showed no significant differences in tumor cells with or without labeling of USPIO-CD133 Ab. In vivo imaging of CD133-positive cells was demonstrated by intravenous injection of USPIO-CD133 Ab in mice with HT29 xenografted tumors. The MRI of HT29 xenografts showed several clusters of hypotensive regions that correlated with CD133 expression and Prussian blue staining for iron. In rat, brain tumors induced by transplacental ENU mutagenesis, several clusters of hypointensive zones were observed in CD133-expressing brain tumors by MRI and intravenously administered USPIO-CD133 Ab. Conclusion Combination of USPIO-CD133 Ab and MRI is valuable in recognizing CD133-expressing tumor cells in vitro, extracellularly labeling for cell tracking and detecting CD133-expressing tumors in xenografted tumors as well as ENU-induced rat brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Gunn-Guang Liou
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Huay-Ben Pan
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hwa Tseng
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan ; Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Hung
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Pin Chou
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan ; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Human Very Small Embryonic-Like Stem Cells Are Present in Normal Peripheral Blood of Young, Middle-Aged, and Aged Subjects. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:7651645. [PMID: 26633977 PMCID: PMC4655065 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7651645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to determine whether the number of human very small embryonic-like stem cells (huVSELs) would vary depending on the age of humans. HuVSELs frequency was evaluated into the steady-state (SS) peripheral blood (PB) of healthy volunteers using flow cytometry analysis. Their numbers were compared with volunteers' age. Blood samples were withdrawn from 28 volunteers (age ranging from 20 to 70 years), who were distributed among three groups of age: “young” (mean age, 27.8 years), “middle” (mean age, 49 years), and “older” (mean age, 64.2 years). Comparing the three groups, we did not observe any statistically significant difference in huVSELs numbers between them. The difference in mRNA expression for PSC markers as SSEA-4, Oct-4, Nanog, and Sox2 between the three groups of age was not statistically significant. A similar frequency of huVSELs into the SS-PB of young, middle-aged, and aged subjects may indicate that the VSELs pool persists all along the life as a reserve for tissue repair in case of minor injury and that there is a continuous efflux of these cells from the BM into the PB.
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Abstract
Formyl peptide receptor-2 (FPR-2) is expressed in various cell types, such as phagocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. FPR-2 has been reported to play a significant role in inflammation and angiogenic response, and synthetic WKYMVm peptide has been identified as a novel peptide agonist for the FPR-2. In this study, we demonstrate that WKYMVm peptides stimulate the angiogenic potential of outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs). Upon WKYMVm peptide exposure, migration and proliferation of OECs were stimulated. WKYMVm effectively stimulated angiogenesis in tube formation assay and aortic ring assay. Furthermore, we fabricated injectable poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres encapsulating WKYMVm peptides, which showed sustained release of cargo molecule. When WKYMVm peptide encapsulated microspheres were injected into the hind limb ischemia model, a single injection of microspheres was as effective as multiple injections of WKYMVm peptide in restoring blood flow from ischemic injury and promoting capillary growth. These results demonstrate that sustained release of WKYMVm peptide from microspheres in the application to ischemic hind limb extended angiogenic stimulation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Formyl peptide receptor (FPR) has been reported to play an important role in inflammation and angiogenic response. A synthetic WKYMVm peptide has been identified as a novel peptide activating the FPR-2 that is expressed in a various cell types, such as phagocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. In this manuscript we explored a unique property of high-affinity ligand for formyl peptide receptors-2 (FPR-2) (i.e., WKYMVm). WKYMVm-induced activation of FPR2 has been reported to be crucial in host defense and inflammation by activation of phagocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes. In this study, highlight the efficacy of WKYMVm peptide's role in inducing neovascularization in vivo hind limb ischemia model when the peptide was released from injected PLGA microspheres in sustained manner. Our results demonstrate that sustained release of WKYMVm peptide from microspheres have extended angiogenic stimulation capacity.
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Circulating endothelial cells in coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2015; 25:578-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Antitumoral Effect of Mural Cells Assessed With High-Resolution MRI and Fluorescence Microscopy. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2015; 205:W11-8. [PMID: 26102408 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.14.13680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to detect labeled mural cells in vivo and study their therapeutic effect on tumor growth and on functional changes in the vascular network by use of MRI and fibered confocal fluorescence microscopy (FCFM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-eight mice were allocated to the following three groups 7 days after injection of TC1 tumor cells (C157 black 6): control, no injection (n = 7); sham, injection of phosphate-buffered saline solution (n = 10); and treated, injection of human mural cells (n = 11). Tumor growth was measured with calipers. Labeled mural cells were tracked with high-resolution MRI and FCFM. Microvessel density was assessed with MRI and FCFM, and the findings were compared with the histologic results. RESULTS Tumor growth was significantly slowed in the treated group starting on day 10 (p = 0.001). Round signal-intensity voids were observed in the center of six of seven tumors treated with magnetically labeled mural cells. Positive staining for iron was observed in histologic sections of two of five of these tumors. Microvessel density measured with FCFM was greater in the treated mice (p = 0.03). Flow cytometry revealed viable human mural cells only in treated tumors. CONCLUSION In this study, imaging techniques such as high-resolution MRI and FCFM showed the therapeutic effect of mural cell injection on tumor growth and microvessel function.
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Madonna R, De Caterina R. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells: Do they live up to their name? Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 67-69:2-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bogliolo S, Cassani C, Gardella B, Musacchi V, Babilonti L, Venturini PL, Ferrero S, Spinillo A. Current opinion on bevacizumab on endometrial cancer treatment. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 15:299-307. [PMID: 25539414 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.995624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer is still a challenge for clinicians as it has a poor prognosis despite treatment efforts. Thus, there is an urgent need for new agents with activity in this subset of patients. The increased knowledge of the molecular aspects of endometrial carcinogenesis has led to the development of molecular targeted therapies and in particular anti-angiogenic drugs. One of the most promising of these agents is bevacizumab , a recombinant humanized immunoglobulin monoclonal antibody to VEGF. AREAS COVERED The objective of this paper is to discuss the role of angiogenesis in endometrial cancer and analyze the rational of bevacizumab use, alone or in combination with other therapies, in endometrial cancer patients. We reviewed the most important preclinical and clinical studies published on this topic up to March 2014. EXPERT OPINION Bevacizumab in combination with others targeted therapies, chemotherapy or radiotherapy demonstrated promising anti-tumor activity. Despite the good oncological outcomes of these recent clinical experiences, caution must be used in light of significant toxicity reported in this subset of heavily pre-treated patients. The identification of biomarkers able to predict either the efficacy or toxicity of anti-angiogenic drugs is a compelling need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bogliolo
- IRCCS-Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , 19 Viale Camillo Golgi, 27100 Pavia , Italy
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Yu P, Ge YZ, Zhao Y, Wu JP, Wu R, Zhou LH, Jia RP. Identification and significance of mobilized endothelial progenitor cells in tumor neovascularization of renal cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:9331-41. [PMID: 24943683 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neovascularization is a key role of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and the status of neovascularization in RCC is closely correlated with the tumor development and patient prognosis. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are considered as important building blocks for neovascularization. However, the role of mobilized EPCs in RCC remains unknown. In this study, the orthotopic RCC model was established to investigate the distribution, frequency, and significance of mobilized EPCs. We found that circulating endothelial progenitor cell (CEPC) levels and plasma angiogenic factors (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) were higher in peripheral blood (PB) of the RCC than those in the normal group and positively correlated with each other. EPC levels in adjacent nonmalignant kidney tissue (AT) were significantly higher than those in tumor tissue (TT) and normal kidney tissue (NT), which were positively correlated with CEPC levels. VEGF, VEGF receptor-2 (Flk), and SDF-1 and its SDF-1 receptor (CXCR4) expression in AT was significantly higher than that in TT and NT. Levels of these angiogenic factors in AT were positively correlated with those in PB. Mean microvessel density (MVD) was higher in AT than in TT, and that in TT was slightly lower than that in NT. Our findings propose that mobilized EPCs play an important role in RCC neovascularization. EPCs in PB and AT can be used as a biomarker for predicting RCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yu
- Department of Urology and Center of Renal Transplantation, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210006, People's Republic of China
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Moschetta M, Mishima Y, Sahin I, Manier S, Glavey S, Vacca A, Roccaro AM, Ghobrial IM. Role of endothelial progenitor cells in cancer progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:26-39. [PMID: 24709008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated neovasculature is a critical therapeutic target; however, despite significant progress made in the clinical efficacy of anti-vessel drugs, the effect of these agents remains transient: over time, most patients develop resistance, which inevitably leads to tumor progression. To develop more effective treatments, it is imperative that we better understand the mechanisms involved in tumor vessel formation, how they participate to the tumor progression and metastasis, and the best way to target them. Several mechanisms contribute to the formation of tumor-associated vasculature: i) neoangiogenesis; ii) vascular co-option; iii) mosaicism; iv) vasculogenic mimicry, and v) postnatal vasculogenesis. These mechanisms can also play a role in the development of resistance to anti-angiogenic drugs, and could serve as targets for designing new anti-vascular molecules to treat solid as well as hematological malignancies. Bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cell (EPC)-mediated vasculogenesis represents an important new target, especially at the early stage of tumor growth (when EPCs are critical for promoting the "angiogenic switch"), and during metastasis, when EPCs promote the transition from micro- to macro-metastases. In hematologic malignancies, the EPC population could be related to the neoplastic clone, and both may share a common ontogeny. Thus, characterization of tumor-associated EPCs in blood cancers may provide clues for more specific anti-vascular therapy that has both direct and indirect anti-tumor effects. Here, we review the role of vasculogenesis, mediated by bone marrow-derived EPCs, in the progression of cancer, with a particular focus on the role of these cells in promoting progression of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Moschetta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; University of Bari Medical School, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Bari, Italy
| | - Yuji Mishima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ilyas Sahin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Salomon Manier
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Siobhan Glavey
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angelo Vacca
- University of Bari Medical School, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Bari, Italy
| | - Aldo M Roccaro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Irene M Ghobrial
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Abstract
There is compelling evidence that endothelial cells of the brain and periphery are dysfunctional in Alzheimer's disease. There is evidence for a fundamental defect in, or abnormal aging of, endothelial progenitor cells in atherosclerosis. The possibility that endothelial cell defects are a primary cause for Alzheimer's disease or other dementias can be researched by molecular and cell biology studies as well as cell trafficking studies using recently demonstrated molecular imaging methods. The evidence for abnormal endothelial function and the methods to explore this hypothesis are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Budinger
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, UC Berkeley, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) occurs in 4% of middle-aged men and 2% of middle-aged women in the general population, and the prevalence is even higher in specific patient groups. OSA is an independent risk factor for a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Endothelial injury could be the pivotal determinant in the development of cardiovascular pathology in OSA. Endothelial damage ultimately represents a dynamic balance between the magnitude of injury and the capacity for repair. Bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) within adult peripheral blood present a possible means of vascular maintenance that could home to sites of injury and restore endothelial integrity and normal function. METHODS We summarized pathogenetic mechanisms of OSA and searched for available studies on numbers and functions of EPCs in patients with OSA to explore the potential links between the numbers and functions of EPCs and OSA. In particular, we tried to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the effects of OSA on EPCs. CONCLUSION Intermittent hypoxia cycles and sleep fragmentation are major pathophysiologic characters of OSA. Intermittent hypoxia acts as a trigger of oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and sympathetic activation. Sleep fragmentation is associated with a burst of sympathetic activation and systemic inflammation. In most studies, a reduction in circulating EPCs has emerged. The possible mechanisms underlying the decrease in the number or function of EPCs include prolonged inflammation response, oxidative stress, increased sympathetic activation, physiological adaptive responses of tissue to hypoxia, reduced EPC mobilization, EPC apoptosis, and functional impairment in untreated OSA. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy for OSA affects the mobilization, apoptosis, and function of EPCs through preventing intermittent hypoxia episodes, improving sleep quality, and reducing systemic inflammation, oxidative stress levels, and sympathetic overactivation. To improve CPAP adherence, the medical staff should pay attention to making the titration trial a comfortable first CPAP experience for the patients; for example, using the most appropriate ventilators or proper humidification. It is also important to give the patients education and support about CPAP use in the follow-up, especially in the early stage of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- The Second Respiratory Department of the First People’s Hospital of Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Wu
- Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Feng
- Respiratory Department of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Correspondence: Jing Feng, Respiratory Department of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Xin Sun
- Respiratory Department of Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Xin Sun, Respiratory Department of Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin 300350, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Ikehara S. Grand challenges in stem cell treatments. Front Cell Dev Biol 2013; 1:2. [PMID: 25364707 PMCID: PMC4206984 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2013.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Ikehara
- Department of Stem Cell Disorders, Kansai Medical University Hirakata City, Osaka, Japan
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Bogoslovsky T, Wang D, Maric D, Scattergood-Keepper L, Spatz M, Auh S, Hallenbeck J. Cryopreservation and Enumeration of Human Endothelial Progenitor and Endothelial Cells for Clinical Trials. JOURNAL OF BLOOD DISORDERS & TRANSFUSION 2013; 4:158. [PMID: 25309814 PMCID: PMC4193669 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9864.1000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) are markers of endothelial injury and may serve as a surrogate marker for vascular repair in interventional clinical trials. Objectives of this study were to modify a method of isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and enumeration of EPC and mature endothelial cells (EC) from peripheral blood and to evaluate influence of cryopreservation on viability of PBMC and on numbers of EPC and EC. PATIENTS/METHODS EPC and EC were analyzed in healthy volunteers in freshly isolated PBMC collected in CPT (cell preparation tubes) and in PBMC cryopreserved with: 1) Gibco Recovery™ Cell Culture Freezing Medium, 2) custom freezing medium. Viability of PBMC was tested using DAPI. EPC were gated for CD45- CD34+CD133+/-VEGFR2+/- and EC were gated for CD45-CD146+CD34+/-VEGFR2+/-. RESULTS Cryopreservation for 7 days at -80°C decreased viable PBMC from 94 ± 0.5% (fresh) to 84 ± 4% (the custom medium) and to 69 ± 8% (Gibco medium), while cryopreservation at -65°C decreased viability to 60 ± 6% (p<0.001, the custom medium) and 49 ± 5% (p<0.001, Gibco medium). In fresh samples early EPC (CD45- CD34+CD133+VEGFR2+) were enumerated as 0.2 ± 0.06%, late EPC(CD45-CD146+CD34+VEGFR2+) as 0.6 ± 0.1% and mature EC (CD45-CD146+CD34-VEGFR2+) as 0.8 ± 0.3%of live PBMC. Cryopreservation with Gibco and the custom freezing medium at -80°C for 7 days decreased numbers EPC and EC, however, this decrease was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that cryopreservation at -80°C for 7 days decreases, although not significantly, viability of PBMC and numbers of subsets of EC and EPC. This method may provide an optimized approach to isolation and short-term cryopreservation of subsets of EPC and of mature EC suitable for multicenter trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bogoslovsky
- Center for Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, USA
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - D Wang
- National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, USA
| | - D Maric
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Bethesda, USA
| | | | - M Spatz
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, USA
| | - S Auh
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - J Hallenbeck
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, USA
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Edwards AK, Nakamura DS, Virani S, Wessels JM, Tayade C. Animal models for anti-angiogenic therapy in endometriosis. J Reprod Immunol 2013; 97:85-94. [PMID: 23432875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a gynecological disease characterized by the growth of endometrium outside of the uterine cavity. It is often associated with dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, pelvic pain and infertility. One of the key requirements for endometriotic lesions to survive is development of a blood supply to support their growth. Indeed, dense vascularization is characteristic feature of endometriotic lesions. This has led to the idea that suppression of blood vessel growth (anti-angiogenic therapy) may be a successful therapeutic approach for endometriosis. Potential effectiveness of anti-angiogenic therapies has been assessed in some animal models but there are no reports of human clinical trials. Without understanding the specific mechanism by which endometriosis lesions establish a new blood supply, short-term animal experiments will have limited value for translation into human medicine. Further, it is crucial to use appropriate animal models to assess efficacy of anti-angiogenic compounds. Syngeneic and autologous rodent models, where endometrial fragments are auto-transplanted into the peritoneal cavity are commonly used in anti-angiogenic therapy studies. Another approach is xenograft models where human endometrium is engrafted into immunodeficient mice. Here we review the animal models and experimental techniques used to evaluate anti-angiogenic therapies for endometriosis. We also review our own work on the role of stromal cell derived factor-1 in the recruitment of endothelial progenitor cells in endometriotic lesion angiogenesis, and the effects of the anti-angiogenic peptide ABT-898, a thrombospondin-1 mimetic, on endometriotic lesion growth and vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Edwards
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Guo Y, Su L, Li Y, Guo N, Xie L, Zhang D, Zhang X, Li H, Zhang G, Wang Y, Liu C. The synergistic therapeutic effect of hepatocyte growth factor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on pulmonary hypertension in rats. Heart Vessels 2013; 29:520-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00380-013-0395-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Fernandes T, Hashimoto NY, Schettert IT, Nakamuta JS, Krieger JE, Oliveira EMD. O grau de melhora na função das células progenitoras endoteliais derivadas da medula óssea é dependente do volume de treinamento físico aeróbio. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1517-86922013000400007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: A angiogênese muscular esquelética induzida pelo treinamento físico aeróbio (TF) é determinante na melhora da capacidade aeróbia. Entre os fatores envolvidos, as células progenitoras endoteliais (CPE) derivadas da medula óssea são descritas por promoverem o reparo vascular e a angiogênese. Embora o papel do TF sobre os parâmetros das CPE tenha sido investigado, pouco se conhece sobre os efeitos de diferentes volumes de TF sobre a função das CPE da medula óssea, alterações metabólicas e capilarização muscular. OBJETIVO: Testar a hipótese de que o TF melhore a função das CPE da medula óssea, acompanhada por maior capilarização e capacidade oxidativa muscular dependentes do aumento de volume de TF. MÉTODOS: Vinte e uma ratas Wistar foram divididas em três grupos: sedentário controle (SC), treinado protocolo 1 (P1), treinado protocolo 2 (P2). P1: o treinamento de natação consistiu de 60 min, 1x/dia, cinco dias/semana/10 semanas, com 5% de sobrecarga corporal. P2: o mesmo de P1 até a oitava semana, na nona semana os animais treinaram 2x/dia e na 10ª semana 3x/dia. RESULTADOS: O TF promoveu bradicardia de repouso, aumento da tolerância ao esforço, do consumo de oxigênio de pico e da atividade da enzima citrato sintase muscular no grupo P1, sendo estas adaptações mais exacerbadas no grupo P2, indicando que a condição aeróbia foi mais proeminente com este TF. O TF melhorou a função das CPE da medula óssea em P1, sendo ainda maior esta resposta no grupo P2. Em paralelo, observa-se também um aumento no número de capilares dependentes do volume de TF. CONCLUSÃO: Estes resultados sugerem que a medula óssea como o principal reservatório de CPE é influenciada por diferentes volumes de TF, sendo possivelmente responsável pelo maior rendimento físico observado mediante uma maior mobilização endógena de CPE, participantes ativas no processo de angiogênese muscular induzido pelo TF.
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Krizanac-Bengez L, Mayberg MR, Janigro D. The cerebral vasculature as a therapeutic target for neurological disorders and the role of shear stress in vascular homeostatis and pathophysiology. Neurol Res 2013; 26:846-53. [PMID: 15727268 DOI: 10.1179/016164104x3789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that vascular mechanisms are involved in the genesis of many neurological disorders. In particular, blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction has been related to the severity of Alzheimer's disease, encephalopathy due to meningitis, multiple sclerosis, HIV-associated encephalopathy, epilepsy, gliomas and metastatic brain tumors. The BBB may constitute an important therapeutic target to protect neurons after CNS diseases. Both in vivo and in vitro, the functional phenotype of vascular endothelium is dynamically responsive to circulating cytokines, growth factors and puslatile blood flow (shear stress). Shear stress can play a critical role in vascular homeostasis and pathophysiology; it is a major regulator of remodeling in developed blood vessels and in blood vessels affected by atherosclerotic lesions. The physiological fluid mechanic stimulus, shear stress, could be considered to be an important 'differentiative' stimulus capable of modulating endothelial phenotype in vivo. Endothelial cells undergo cell cycle arrest after exposure to physiological levels of shear stress. As for mature endothelial cells, in which flow mediated shear stress may play a role in the induction, progression and/or prevention of atherosclerosis by changing their function, stress may play a role in endothelial cell differentiation from hemopoietic stem cells and/or from embryonic stem cells. Stem cells may be used to repair vascular damage, including loss of EC, due to a variety of diseases (e.g. myocardial neovascularization by adult bone marrow derived angioblasts). In the brain, it was proposed that neuron-producing stem cells may be used to treat Alzheimer's disease, paralysis, etc. Surprisingly, very few investigators are exploring the use of endothelial precursors to revert or prevent cerebrovascular disease. This review summarizes the most recent data related to cerebral vasculature as a therapeutic target for neurological disorders and the role of shear stress in blood-brain barrier homeostasis and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljiljana Krizanac-Bengez
- Cerebrovascular Research Center, Neurosurgery NB-20, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Pang L, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Zhang S. Resistin promotes the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in ovary carcinoma cells. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:9751-66. [PMID: 23652833 PMCID: PMC3676810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14059751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistin is a novel hormone that is secreted by human adipocytes and mononuclear cells and is associated with obesity, insulin resistance and inflammation. Recently, resistin has been postulated to play a role in angiogenesis. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that resistin regulates ovary carcinoma production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the angiogenic processes. We found that in human ovarian epithelial carcinoma cells (HO-8910), resistin (10–150 ng/mL) enhanced both VEGF protein and mRNA expression in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, as well as promoter activity. Furthermore, resistin enhanced DNA-binding activity of Sp1 with VEGF promoter in a PI3K/Akt-dependent manner. PI3K/Akt activated by resistin led to increasing interaction with Sp1, triggering a progressive phosphorylation of Sp1 on Thr453 and Thr739, resulting in the upregulation of VEGF expression. In an in vitro angiogenesis system for endothelial cells (EA.hy926) co-cultured with HO-8910 cells, we observed that the addition of resistin stimulated endothelial cell tube formation, which could be abolished by VEGF neutralizing antibody. Our findings suggest that the PI3K/Akt-Sp1 pathway is involved in resistin-induced VEGF expression in HO-8910 cells and indicates that antiangiogenesis therapy may be beneficial treatment against ovarian epithelial carcinoma, especially in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Pang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China; E-Mails: (L.P.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China; E-Mail:
| | - Yu Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China; E-Mails: (L.P.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Shulan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China; E-Mails: (L.P.); (Y.Y.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel./Fax: +86-24-966-151-41211
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Pereda J, Sulz L, San Martin S, Godoy-Guzmán C. The human lung during the embryonic period: vasculogenesis and primitive erythroblasts circulation. J Anat 2013; 222:487-94. [PMID: 23520979 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascularization and blood cell circulation are crucial steps during lung development. However, how blood vessels are generated and when lung circulation is initiated is still a matter of debate. A morpho-functional analysis of pulmonary vasculature was done using human lung samples between 31 and 56 days post-fertilization (pf). The immunolocalization and expression of CD31, CD34, FLT-1, KDR and the vascular growth factor (VEGF) were investigated. The results showed that at day 31 pf, a capillary plexus is already installed, and a few primitive erythroblasts were seen for the first time within the lumen of some blood vessels. Around day 45 pf, an increase in the amount of primitive erythroblasts was detected in the parenchyma surrounding the distal segment of the bronchial tree. The expression of FLT-1, KDR, CD31 and CD34 was observed in endothelial cells of the capillary plexus and the VEGF was detected in the endodermal epithelium. Our results support the hypothesis that the initial formation of the capillary plexus around the tip of the growing airway bud occurs by vasculogenesis, probably regulated by VEGF and KDR. We also showed a very early onset of blood circulation, starting from day 34 pf, concomitant with the generation of new lung buds. In addition, the increasing number of primitive erythroblasts from week 6 onward, associated with a change in the shape of the blood vessels, suggests a remodeling process and that the generation of new distal vessels at the tip of the lung bud occurs mainly by a process of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pereda
- Departamento de Embriología Humana, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Kim EK, Lee JH, Jeong HC, Oh D, Hwang SG, Cho YW, Lee SJ, Oh YM, Lee SD. Impaired colony-forming capacity of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with emphysema. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2013; 227:321-31. [PMID: 22850689 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.227.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is classified into emphysema and chronic bronchitis, which are thought to result from different pathophysiological pathways. Smoking-induced lung parenchymal destruction and inadequate repair are involved in the pathogenesis of emphysema. In addition, decreased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and increased endothelial cell apoptosis in the lung may participate in emphysema pathogenesis. As stem cells, circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) may play a key role in the maintenance of vascular integrity by replacing and repairing the damaged endothelial cells in the tissues. To determine whether the lack of appropriate repair by circulating EPCs in cases of smoking-induced endothelial cell injury participates in emphysema pathogenesis, we determined the association between the colony-forming or migratory capacity of circulating EPCs and the presence of emphysema in 51 patients with COPD. The patients were divided into emphysema (n = 23) and non-emphysema groups (n = 28) based on high-resolution computed tomography. Twenty-two smokers with normal lung function and 14 normal non-smokers served as controls. Circulating EPCs isolated from patients with emphysema showed significantly lower colony-forming units (CFUs) than those from patients with non-emphysema group, smokers with normal lung function, and normal non-smokers. EPCs from patients with emphysema showed significantly lower migratory capacity than those from normal non-smoking controls (p < 0.05). On multivariate analysis, the EPC-CFU was independently associated with emphysema (OR 0.944, 95% CI = 0.903-0.987, p = 0.011). Thus, impaired functions of circulating EPCs may contribute to the development of emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
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Blood outgrowth endothelial cells increase tumor growth rates and modify tumor physiology: relevance for therapeutic targeting. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 5:205-17. [PMID: 24216704 PMCID: PMC3730307 DOI: 10.3390/cancers5010205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell precursors from human peripheral blood have been shown to home to areas of neovascularization and may assist tumor growth by increasing or fortifying blood vessel growth. In the present study, the influence of these cells on tumor growth and physiology was investigated and the role of these cells as a therapeutic target or in determining treatment sensitivity was tested. After isolation from human blood and expansion in vitro, actively growing cells with verified endothelial phenotype (Blood Outgrowth Endothelial Cell, BOEC) were injected i.v. into tumor bearing mice for three consecutive days. The growth rate was significantly enhanced in relatively small RERF human lung tumors (i.e., less than 150 mm3) grown in immunocompromised mice by an average of 1.5-fold while it had no effect when injections were given to animals bearing larger tumors. There were no signs of toxicity or unwanted systemic effects. We also observed evidence of increased perfusion, vessel number, response to 15 Gy radiation and oxygenation in RERF tumors of animals injected with BOECs compared to control tumors. In addition, FSaII murine fibrosarcoma tumors were found to grow faster upon injection of BOECs. When FSaII tumors were subjected to a partial thermal ablation treatment using high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) there was consistently elevated detection of fluorescently labeled and i.v. injected endothelial precursors in the tumor when analyzed with optical imaging and/or histological preparations. Importantly, we also observed that BOECs treated with the novel anti-angiogenic peptide anginex in-vitro, show decreased proliferation and increased sensitivity to radiation. In vivo, the normal increase in FSaII tumor growth induced by injected BOECs was blunted by the addition of anginex treatment. It appears that endothelial precursors may significantly contribute to tumor vessel growth, tumor progression and/or repair of tumor damage and may improve the oxygenation and subsequent radiation response of tumors. We surmise that these cells are preferentially stimulated to divide in the tumor microenvironment, thereby inducing the significant increase in tumor growth observed and that the use of injected BOECs could be a viable approach to modulate the tumor microenvironment for therapeutic gain. Conversely, agents or approaches to block their recruitment and integration of BOECs into primary or metastatic lesions may be an effective way to restrain cancer progression before or after other treatments are applied.
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Mao A, Liu C, Guo Y, Su D, Luo T, Fu W, Zhou H, Fang G, Sheng Y. Modulation of the number and functions of endothelial progenitor cells by interleukin 1β in the peripheral blood of pigs: involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in vitro. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2013; 73:1145-51. [PMID: 23064606 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0b013e318265d142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have therapeutic potential for the treatment of organ ischemia following trauma or sepsis, frequently associated with inflammatory conditions. We aimed to investigate the effects of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) on the properties of EPCs and explore its possible relationship with p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). METHODS EPCs were isolated from peripheral blood of a porcine model and were characterized. Effects of IL-1β on cell number, proliferation, migration, adhesion, and angiogenic function of EPCs were evaluated in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The activity of p38 MAPK in EPCs was measured by Western blot. Moreover, the effects of SB203580, a specific p38 MAPK inhibitor, on levels of p38 MAPK phosphorylation and the number and functions of EPCs under IL-1β conditions were examined. RESULTS Incubation of EPCs with IL-1β (5 ng/mL) for 5 days and with IL-1β (0.05-50 ng/mL) for 48 hours induced a significant reduction in EPC numbers and proliferation, respectively (p < 0.01 vs. control cells). The capacities for migration, adhesion, and angiogenic function of EPCs were also reduced in a time- and dose-dependent manner. IL-1β induced dose- and time-dependent activation of p38 MAPK in EPCs. Moreover, inhibition of p38 MAPK by SB203580 significantly increased the total number of EPCs by twofold as compared with the IL-1β-alone group (p < 0.01) and blocked the ability of IL-1β to impair the functional response of EPCs. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that there is a negative cause-effect relationship between IL-1β and EPCs. Thus, IL-1β inhibits EPC proliferation, migration, adhesion, and tube formation by a mechanism, which involves p38 MAPK signaling in regulating the number and functions of EPCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anrong Mao
- Department of General Surgery, The No 85 Hospital of PLA, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Campioni D, Zauli G, Gambetti S, Campo G, Cuneo A, Ferrari R, Secchiero P. In vitro characterization of circulating endothelial progenitor cells isolated from patients with acute coronary syndrome. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56377. [PMID: 23409178 PMCID: PMC3569417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The current understanding of the functional characteristics of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) is limited, especially in patients affected by cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we have analyzed the in vitro clonogenic capacity of circulating EPC, also known as endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFC), in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), in comparison to the colony forming unit-endothelial-like cells (CFU-EC) of hematopoietic/monocytic origin. Methodology/Principal Findings By culturing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with ACS (n = 70), CFU-EC were frequently isolated (from 77% of ACS patients), while EPC/ECFC were obtained only in a small subset (13%) of PBMC samples, all harvested between 7–14 days after the acute cardiovascular event. Notably, ex-vivo generation of EPC/ECFC was correlated to a higher in vitro release of PDGF-AA by the corresponding ACS patient PBMC. By using specific endothelial culture media, EPC/ECFC displayed in vitro expansion capacity, allowing the phenotypic and functional characterization of the cells. Indeed, after expansion, EPC/ECFC exhibited a normal diploid chromosomal setting by FISH analysis and an immunophenotype characterized by: i) uniform positivity for the expression of CD105, CD31, CD146 and Factor VIII, i) variable expression of the CD34, CD106 and CD184 markers, and iii) negativity for CD45, CD90, CD117 and CD133. Of interest, in single-cell replanting assays EPC/ECFC exhibited clonogenic expansion capacity, forming secondary colonies characterized by variable proliferation capacities. Conclusion/Significance Our data indicate that a careful characterization of true EPC is needed in order to design future studies in the clinical autologous setting of patients with ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Campioni
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Arcispedale Sant’Anna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefania Gambetti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Section, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Arcispedale Sant’Anna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Campo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Section, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Arcispedale Sant’Anna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antonio Cuneo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Arcispedale Sant’Anna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Ferrari
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Section, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Arcispedale Sant’Anna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Secchiero
- Department of Morphology and Embryology and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- * E-mail:
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