1
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Wu CJ, Livak F, Ashwell JD. The histone methyltransferase KMT2D maintains cellular glucocorticoid responsiveness by shielding the glucocorticoid receptor from degradation. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107581. [PMID: 39025450 PMCID: PMC11350265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Because of their ability to induce lymphocyte apoptosis, glucocorticoids (GC) are widely used to treat hematological malignancies such as lymphomas and multiple myeloma. Their effectiveness is often limited, however, due to the development of glucocorticoid resistance by a variety of molecular mechanisms. Here we performed an unbiased genome-wide CRISPR screen with the human T-cell leukemia cell line Jurkat to find previously unidentified genes required for GC-induced apoptosis. One such gene was KMT2D (also known as MLL2 or MLL4), which encodes a histone lysine methyltransferase whose mutations are associated with a variety of cancers, blood malignancies in particular, and are considered markers of poor prognosis. Knockout of KMT2D by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in Jurkat and several multiple myeloma cell lines downregulated GR protein expression. Surprisingly, this was not due to a reduction in GR transcripts, but rather to a decrease in the protein's half-life, primarily due to proteasomal degradation. Reconstitution of KMT2D expression restored GR levels. In contrast to the known ability of KMT2D to control gene transcription through covalent histone methylation, KMT2D-mediated upregulation of GR levels did not require its methyltransferase activity. Co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays found constitutive binding of KMT2D to the GR, which was enhanced in the presence of GC. These observations reveal KMT2D to be essential for the stabilization of cellular GR levels, and suggest a possible mechanism by which KMT2D mutations may lead to GC resistance in some malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Jin Wu
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ferenc Livak
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity Flow Cytometry Core, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan D Ashwell
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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2
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Cattane N, Di Benedetto MG, D'Aprile I, Riva MA, Cattaneo A. Dissecting the Long-Term Effect of Stress Early in Life on FKBP5: The Role of miR-20b-5p and miR-29c-3p. Biomolecules 2024; 14:371. [PMID: 38540789 PMCID: PMC10967956 DOI: 10.3390/biom14030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to early-life stress (ELS) has been related to an increased susceptibility to psychiatric disorders later in life. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are still under investigation, glucocorticoid signaling has been proposed to be a key mediator. Here, we used two preclinical models, the prenatal stress (PNS) animal model and an in vitro model of hippocampal progenitor cells, to assess the long-term effect of ELS on FKBP5, NR3C1, NR3C2, and FoxO1, four stress-responsive genes involved in the effects of glucocorticoids. In the hippocampus of male PNS rats sacrificed at different time points during neurodevelopment (PND 21, 40, 62), we found a statistically significant up-regulation of FKBP5 at PND 40 and PND 62 and a significant increase in FoxO1 at PND 62. Interestingly, all four genes were significantly up-regulated in differentiated cells treated with cortisol during cell proliferation. As FKBP5 was consistently modulated by PNS at adolescence (PND 40) and adulthood (PND 62) and by cortisol treatment after cell differentiation, we measured a panel of miRNAs targeting FKBP5 in the same samples where FKBP5 expression levels were available. Interestingly, both miR-20b-5p and miR-29c-3p were significantly reduced in PNS-exposed animals (both at PND40 and 62) and also in the in vitro model after cortisol exposure. Our results highlight the key role of miR-20b-5p and miR-29c-3p in sustaining the long-term effects of ELS on the stress response system, representing a mechanistic link possibly contributing to the enhanced stress-related vulnerability to mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Cattane
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Di Benedetto
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ilari D'Aprile
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Andrea Riva
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cattaneo
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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3
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Qualls KA, Xie W, Zhang J, Lückemeyer DD, Lackey SV, Strong JA, Zhang JM. Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonism Reduces Inflammatory Pain Measures in Mice Independent of the Receptors on Sensory Neurons. Neuroscience 2024; 541:64-76. [PMID: 38307407 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Corticosteroids are commonly used in the treatment of inflammatory low back pain, and their nominal target is the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) to relieve inflammation. They can also have similar potency at the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). The MR has been shown to be widespread in rodent and human dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and non-neuronal cells, and when MR antagonists are administered during a variety of inflammatory pain models in rats, pain measures are reduced. In this study we selectively knockout (KO) the MR in sensory neurons to determine the role of MR in sensory neurons of the mouse DRG in pain measures as MR antagonism during the local inflammation of the DRG (LID) pain model. We found that MR antagonism using eplerenone reduced evoked mechanical hypersensitivity during LID, but MR KO in paw-innervating sensory neurons only did not. This could be a result of differences between prolonged (MR KO) versus acute (drug) MR block or an indicator that non-neuronal cells in the DRG are driving the effect of MR antagonists. MR KO unmyelinated C neurons are more excitable under normal and inflamed conditions, while MR KO does not affect excitability of myelinated A cells. MR KO in sensory neurons causes a reduction in overall GR mRNA but is protective against reduction of the anti-inflammatory GRα isoform during LID. These effects of MR KO in sensory neurons expanded our understanding of MR's functional role in different neuronal subtypes (A and C neurons), and its interactions with the GR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Qualls
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Wenrui Xie
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jietong Zhang
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Debora Denardin Lückemeyer
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sierra V Lackey
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Judith A Strong
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jun-Ming Zhang
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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4
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Mosili P, Mkhize BC, Sibiya NH, Ngubane PS, Khathi A. Review of the direct and indirect effects of hyperglycemia on the HPA axis in T2DM and the co-occurrence of depression. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2024; 12:e003218. [PMID: 38413177 PMCID: PMC10900365 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-003218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia which is further associated with hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Several studies have shown that HPA axis hyperactivity is heightened in the chronic hyperglycemic state with severe hyperglycemic events more likely to result in a depressive disorder. The HPA axis is also regulated by the immune system. Upon stress, under homeostatic conditions, the immune system is activated via the sympatho-adrenal-medullary axis resulting in an immune response which secretes proinflammatory cytokines. These cytokines aid in the activation of the HPA axis during stress. However, in T2DM, where there is persistent hyperglycemia, the immune system is dysregulated resulting in the elevated concentrations of these cytokines. The HPA axis, already activated by the hyperglycemia, is further activated by the cytokines which all contribute to a diagnosis of depression in patients with T2DM. However, the onset of T2DM is often preceded by pre-diabetes, a reversible state of moderate hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Complications often seen in T2DM have been reported to begin in the pre-diabetic state. While the current management strategies have been shown to ameliorate the moderate hyperglycemic state and decrease the risk of developing T2DM, research is necessary for clinical studies to profile these direct effects of moderate hyperglycemia in pre-diabetes on the HPA axis and the indirect effects moderate hyperglycemia may have on the HPA axis by investigating the components of the immune system that play a role in regulating this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palesa Mosili
- Human Physiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Bongeka Cassandra Mkhize
- Human Physiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | | | - Phikelelani Sethu Ngubane
- Human Physiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Andile Khathi
- Human Physiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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5
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Kawan S, Backlund MP, Immonen AT, Kivelä TT, Turunen JA. Functional consequences of pathogenic variant c.61G>C in the inflammasome gene NLRP3 underlying keratitis fugax hereditaria. Br J Ophthalmol 2024; 108:323-328. [PMID: 36385001 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2022-321825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To elucidate the effect of NLRP3 variant c.61G>C on interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion in keratitis fugax hereditaria (KFH), a cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome limited to the eye, and to probe the potential modifying role of prednisolone. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from whole blood of patients with KFH and healthy controls were grown under steady-state conditions or primed with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with or without prednisolone, and subsequently activated with ATP. Cell lysates and proteins precipitated from the cell culture media were separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. NLRP3, procaspase-1, and IL-1β were visualised by western blotting. The concentration of secreted IL-1β in the culture media was quantified by ELISA. RESULTS Following priming of the NLRP3 inflammasome with LPS, a lower threshold for IL-1β secretion was observed in patient-derived PBMCs, compared with healthy controls (median, 124 vs 10 pg/mL, respectively). Interestingly, in PBMCs derived from patients with frequent KFH symptoms, LPS priming alone was able to trigger substantial IL-1β secretion (median, 522 pg/mL), whereas those of patients experiencing occasional KFH attacks showed a subtler release of IL-1β (median, 85 pg/mL). NLRP3 expression was significantly enhanced with LPS stimulation (p=0.03) whereas procaspase-1 expression was not affected. LPS and ATP treated PBMCs from patients with KFH showed significantly diminished IL-1β secretion with prednisolone treatment (p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS PBMCs from patients with KFH are more prone to secrete IL-1β, confirming the presumption that the c.61G>C is a gain-of-function variant. Furthermore, prednisolone is confirmed as a potent drug to reduce IL-1β secretion in KFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabita Kawan
- Eye Genetics Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Annamari Tuulia Immonen
- Eye Genetics Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tero Tapani Kivelä
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joni Antero Turunen
- Eye Genetics Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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6
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Prekovic S, Chalkiadakis T, Roest M, Roden D, Lutz C, Schuurman K, Opdam M, Hoekman L, Abbott N, Tesselaar T, Wajahat M, Dwyer AR, Mayayo‐Peralta I, Gomez G, Altelaar M, Beijersbergen R, Győrffy B, Young L, Linn S, Jonkers J, Tilley W, Hickey T, Vareslija D, Swarbrick A, Zwart W. Luminal breast cancer identity is determined by loss of glucocorticoid receptor activity. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e17737. [PMID: 37902007 PMCID: PMC10701603 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202317737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in cancer biology. In this study, we utilized an in silico-designed GR activity signature to demonstrate that GR relates to the proliferative capacity of numerous primary cancer types. In breast cancer, the GR activity status determines luminal subtype identity and has implications for patient outcomes. We reveal that GR engages with estrogen receptor (ER), leading to redistribution of ER on the chromatin. Notably, GR activation leads to upregulation of the ZBTB16 gene, encoding for a transcriptional repressor, which controls growth in ER-positive breast cancer and associates with prognosis in luminal A patients. In relation to ZBTB16's repressive nature, GR activation leads to epigenetic remodeling and loss of histone acetylation at sites proximal to cancer-driving genes. Based on these findings, epigenetic inhibitors reduce viability of ER-positive breast cancer cells that display absence of GR activity. Our findings provide insights into how GR controls ER-positive breast cancer growth and may have implications for patients' prognostication and provide novel therapeutic candidates for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Prekovic
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode InstituteThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Center for Molecular MedicineUMC UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Merel Roest
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode InstituteThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Daniel Roden
- Cancer Ecosystems ProgramGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchDarlinghurstNSWAustralia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUNSW SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Catrin Lutz
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode InstituteThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Karianne Schuurman
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode InstituteThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Mark Opdam
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode InstituteThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Hoekman
- Mass Spectrometry/Proteomics FacilityThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Nina Abbott
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode InstituteThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Tanja Tesselaar
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode InstituteThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Maliha Wajahat
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical SchoolUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Amy R Dwyer
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical SchoolUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Isabel Mayayo‐Peralta
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode InstituteThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Gabriela Gomez
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular SciencesThe Royal College of Surgeons University of Medicine and Health SciencesDublinIreland
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Mass Spectrometry/Proteomics FacilityThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Roderick Beijersbergen
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Robotics and Screening CentreNetherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- TTK Cancer Biomarker Research GroupInstitute of EnzymologyBudapestHungary
- Department of Bioinformatics and 2nd Department of PediatricsSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Leonie Young
- Endocrine Oncology Research Group, Department of SurgeryThe Royal College of Surgeons University of Medicine and Health SciencesDublinIreland
- Beaumont RCSI Cancer CentreBeaumont HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Sabine Linn
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode InstituteThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode InstituteThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Wayne Tilley
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical SchoolUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health and WellbeingUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Theresa Hickey
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical SchoolUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Damir Vareslija
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular SciencesThe Royal College of Surgeons University of Medicine and Health SciencesDublinIreland
- Beaumont RCSI Cancer CentreBeaumont HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Alexander Swarbrick
- Cancer Ecosystems ProgramGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchDarlinghurstNSWAustralia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUNSW SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Wilbert Zwart
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode InstituteThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
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7
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Mao L, Wei W, Chen J. Biased regulation of glucocorticoid receptors signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115145. [PMID: 37454592 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs), steroid hormones that depend on glucocorticoid receptor (GR) binding for their action, are essential for regulating numerous homeostatic functions in the body.GR signals are biased, that is, GR signals are various in different tissue cells, disease states and ligands. This biased regulation of GR signaling appears to depend on ligand-induced metameric regulation, protein post-translational modifications, assembly at response elements, context-specific assembly (recruitment of co-regulators) and intercellular differences. Based on the bias regulation of GR, selective GR agonists and modulators (SEGRAMs) were developed to bias therapeutic outcomes toward expected outcomes (e.g., anti-inflammation and immunoregulation) by influencing GR-mediated gene expression. This paper provides a review of the bias regulation and mechanism of GR and the research progress of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Mao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine of Education Ministry, Anhui Cooperative Innovation Center for Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs, Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine of Education Ministry, Anhui Cooperative Innovation Center for Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs, Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine of Education Ministry, Anhui Cooperative Innovation Center for Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs, Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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8
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Ford ML, Ruwanpathirana A, Lewis BW, Britt RD. Aging-Related Mechanisms Contribute to Corticosteroid Insensitivity in Elderly Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6347. [PMID: 37047327 PMCID: PMC10093993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma in elderly populations is an increasing health problem that is accompanied by diminished lung function and frequent exacerbations. As potent anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids are commonly used to reduce lung inflammation, improve lung function, and manage disease symptoms in asthma. Although effective for most individuals, older patients are more insensitive to corticosteroids, making it difficult to manage asthma in this population. With the number of individuals older than 65 continuing to increase, it is important to understand the distinct mechanisms that promote corticosteroid insensitivity in the aging lung. In this review, we discuss corticosteroid insensitivity in asthma with an emphasis on mechanisms that contribute to persistent inflammation and diminished lung function in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L. Ford
- Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA; (M.L.F.); (A.R.)
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anushka Ruwanpathirana
- Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA; (M.L.F.); (A.R.)
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Brandon W. Lewis
- Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA; (M.L.F.); (A.R.)
| | - Rodney D. Britt
- Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA; (M.L.F.); (A.R.)
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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9
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Aliska G, Nafrialdi N, Lie KC, Setiabudy R, Putra AE, Widyahening IS, Harahap AR. The role of the glucocorticoid receptor and its impact on steroid response in moderate-severe COVID-19 patients. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 943:175555. [PMID: 36720399 PMCID: PMC9884609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The effect of corticosteroid therapy in COVID-19 patients is mediated by its suppressive effect on the regulations of inflammatory response. However, its clinical outcome is often unpredictable. This study aimed to explore the role of glucocorticoid receptors in corticosteroid response in Moderate-Severe COVID-19 patients. In this cross-sectional study, we attempted to find the relationship between the expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (encoded by NR3C1), the variation of glucocorticoid receptors isoform, and the mutations of glucocorticoid receptors exon with clinical response to corticosteroids. In addition, the relationship between glucocorticoid receptors expression and the expression of IκBα (encoded by NFKBIA) and glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper protein (GILZ; encoded by TSC22D3) as steroid pathways was also evaluated. Thirty-four COVID-19 patients were studied. Blood was drawn before and on day 5 of corticosteroid treatment. Glucocorticoid receptors expression, isoform, and mutation were determined by RNA sequencing from white blood cells. Based on the improvement of clinical and oxygen status, patients were classified into responder and non-responder groups. Of thirty-four patients, 23 (67.6%) showed excellent responses to corticosteroids, and 11 (32.4%) were non-responders. The NR3C1 gene expression was significantly higher in the responsive group at baseline and after five days of glucocorticoid treatment. Isoform variant and mutation of glucocorticoid receptors did not correlate with clinical response. The expression of IκBα and GILZ correlated positively with glucocorticoid receptors expression. This study elucidates the relationship between glucocorticoid receptor expression with therapeutic responses to corticosteroids in moderate-severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gestina Aliska
- Doctoral Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Nafrialdi Nafrialdi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Khie Chen Lie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rianto Setiabudy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Andani Eka Putra
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Indah Suci Widyahening
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Alida Roswita Harahap
- Doctoral Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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10
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Lavazais S, Jargosch M, Dupont S, Labéguère F, Menet C, Jagerschmidt C, Ohm F, Kupcsik L, Parent I, Cottereaux C, Marsais F, Oste L, Van de Water A, Christophe T, De Vos S, Fallon P, Lauffer F, Clément-Lacroix P, Eyerich K, Brys R. IRAK4 inhibition dampens pathogenic processes driving inflammatory skin diseases. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabj3289. [PMID: 36791209 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj3289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity not only shapes the way epithelial barriers interpret environmental cues but also drives adaptive responses. Therefore, modulators of innate immune responses are expected to have high therapeutic potential across immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. IRAK4 is a kinase that integrates signaling downstream of receptors acting at the interface between innate and adaptive immune responses, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), interleukin-1R (IL-1R), and IL-18R. Because effects of IRAK4 inhibition are stimulus, cell type, and species dependent, the evaluation of the therapeutic potential of IRAK4 inhibitors requires a highly translational approach. Here, we profiled a selective IRAK4 inhibitor, GLPG2534, in an extensive panel of models of inflammatory skin diseases, translationally expanding evidence from in vitro to in vivo and from mouse to human. In vitro, IRAK4 inhibition resulted in substantial inhibition of TLR and IL-1 responses in dendritic cells, keratinocytes, granulocytes, and T cells but only weakly affected dermal fibroblast responses. Furthermore, disease activity in murine models of skin inflammation (IL-23-, IL-33-, imiquimod-, and MC903-induced) was markedly dampened by IRAK4 inhibition. Last, inhibiting IRAK4 reversed pathogenic molecular signatures in human lesional psoriasis and atopic dermatitis biopsies. Over the variety of models used, IRAK4 inhibition consistently affected central mediators of psoriasis (IL-17A) and atopic dermatitis (IL-4 and IL-13). Overall, our data highlight IRAK4 as a central player in skin inflammatory processes and demonstrate the potential of IRAK4 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in chronic inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manja Jargosch
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Frenz Ohm
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Line Oste
- Galapagos NV, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Padraic Fallon
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Felix Lauffer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Kilian Eyerich
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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11
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Stamou MI, Colling C, Dichtel LE. Adrenal aging and its effects on the stress response and immunosenescence. Maturitas 2023; 168:13-19. [PMID: 36370489 PMCID: PMC10426230 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Normal aging is linked to various endocrine gland changes, including changes in the adrenal glands. Aging is linked to alterations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, including an increase in cortisol levels, a disruption of the negative cortisol feedback, and attenuation of cortisol's diurnal pattern. In addition, secretion of aldosterone and adrenal androgens [dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate (DHEAS)] from the adrenal cortex decreases with aging. In this review, we describe normal adrenal function, the adrenal response to stress and immunomodulation in aging individuals as well as the effects of adrenal aging on body composition, metabolic profile, bone health and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Stamou
- Endocrine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Caitlin Colling
- Endocrine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura E Dichtel
- Endocrine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Carceller-Zazo E, Sevilla LM, Pons-Alonso O, Chiner-Oms Á, Amazit L, An Vu T, Vitellius G, Viengchareun S, Comas I, Jaszczyszyn Y, Abella M, Alegre-Martí A, Estébanez-Perpiñá E, Lombès M, Pérez P. The mineralocorticoid receptor modulates timing and location of genomic binding by glucocorticoid receptor in response to synthetic glucocorticoids in keratinocytes. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22709. [PMID: 36527388 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201199rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) exert potent antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory properties, explaining their therapeutic efficacy for skin diseases. GCs act by binding to the GC receptor (GR) and the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), co-expressed in classical and non-classical targets including keratinocytes. Using knockout mice, we previously demonstrated that GR and MR exert essential nonoverlapping functions in skin homeostasis. These closely related receptors may homo- or heterodimerize to regulate transcription, and theoretically bind identical GC-response elements (GRE). We assessed the contribution of MR to GR genomic binding and the transcriptional response to the synthetic GC dexamethasone (Dex) using control (CO) and MR knockout (MREKO ) keratinocytes. GR chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-seq identified peaks common and unique to both genotypes upon Dex treatment (1 h). GREs, AP-1, TEAD, and p53 motifs were enriched in CO and MREKO peaks. However, GR genomic binding was 35% reduced in MREKO , with significantly decreased GRE enrichment, and reduced nuclear GR. Surface plasmon resonance determined steady state affinity constants, suggesting preferred dimer formation as MR-MR > GR-MR ~ GR-GR; however, kinetic studies demonstrated that GR-containing dimers had the longest lifetimes. Despite GR-binding differences, RNA-seq identified largely similar subsets of differentially expressed genes in both genotypes upon Dex treatment (3 h). However, time-course experiments showed gene-dependent differences in the magnitude of expression, which correlated with earlier and more pronounced GR binding to GRE sites unique to CO including near Nr3c1. Our data show that endogenous MR has an impact on the kinetics and differential genomic binding of GR, affecting the time-course, specificity, and magnitude of GC transcriptional responses in keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Carceller-Zazo
- Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Lisa M Sevilla
- Department of Pathology and Molecular and Cell Therapy, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Omar Pons-Alonso
- Department of Pathology and Molecular and Cell Therapy, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Álvaro Chiner-Oms
- Department of Genomics and Proteomics, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Larbi Amazit
- Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Unité Mixte de Service UMS-44, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Thi An Vu
- Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Géraldine Vitellius
- Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Say Viengchareun
- Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Iñaki Comas
- Department of Genomics and Proteomics, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Yan Jaszczyszyn
- CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Montserrat Abella
- Structural Biology of Nuclear Receptors, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Alegre-Martí
- Structural Biology of Nuclear Receptors, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Estébanez-Perpiñá
- Structural Biology of Nuclear Receptors, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Lombès
- Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Paloma Pérez
- Department of Pathology and Molecular and Cell Therapy, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
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13
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Assis VR, Titon SCM, Titon B, Gomes FR. The Impacts of Transdermal Application of Corticosterone on Toad (Rhinella icterica) Immunity. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:1640-1653. [PMID: 35902322 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that acute physiological increases in endogenous glucocorticoid levels have immunostimulatory effects. Although post-acute stress immunosuppressive effects have also been described, the difference between enhancing and suppressing the immune response seems mediated by the stressor's duration, intensity, and the immune component under analysis. To elicit physiologically relevant corticosterone levels that can be found in Rhinella icterica toads after stressful events (e.g., restraint or captivity) and understand how acute increased glucocorticoid levels of different intensities affect corticosterone and testosterone plasma levels and immune parameters (in vitro plasma bacterial killing ability, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and in vivo phagocytosis of peritoneal leukocytes), we submitted toads to the transdermal application of two corticosterone doses (1 and 10 μg). Corticosterone transdermal application increased corticosterone plasma levels with different intensities: 3 times for 1 μg and fourteen times for 10 μg, compared to the vehicle, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio increased regardless of the corticosterone dose. However, there was no effect on testosterone levels and bacterial killing ability. Interestingly, both corticosterone doses promoted immunosuppression, decreasing peritoneal leukocytes' phagocytosis activity by 60% for toads receiving the dose of 1µg and 40% for those receiving 10 μg. Our results show the complexity of the relationship between increased corticosterone levels and immunomodulation. The different corticosterone doses promoted increases of distinct magnitudes in corticosterone plasma levels, with the less intense increase in corticosterone levels generating greater cell-mediated immunosuppression. Future studies using different corticosterone doses to achieve and compare physiological vs. pharmacological hormone levels are imperative to understanding these interrelationships between corticosterone and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Regina Assis
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, 101, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Stefanny Christie Monteiro Titon
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, 101, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Braz Titon
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, 101, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Fernando Ribeiro Gomes
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, 101, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
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14
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Discovery of PPARγ and glucocorticoid receptor dual agonists to promote the adiponectin and leptin biosynthesis in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 245:114927. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Srinivasan M, Walker C. Circadian Clock, Glucocorticoids and NF-κB Signaling in Neuroinflammation- Implicating Glucocorticoid Induced Leucine Zipper as a Molecular Link. ASN Neuro 2022; 14:17590914221120190. [PMID: 36317290 PMCID: PMC9629546 DOI: 10.1177/17590914221120190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation including neuroinflammation is considered a protective response and is directed to repair, regenerate, and restore damaged tissues in the central nervous system. Persistent inflammation due to chronic stress, age related accrual of free radicals, subclinical infections or other factors lead to reduced survival and increased neuronal death. Circadian abnormalities secondary to altered sleep/wake cycles is one of the earliest signs of neurodegenerative diseases. Brain specific or global deficiency of core circadian trans-activator brain and muscle ARNT (Arylhydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator)-like protein 1 (BMAL1) or that of the transrepressor REV-ERBα, impaired neural function and cognitive performance in rodents. Consistently, transcripts of inflammatory cytokines and host immune responses have been shown to exhibit diurnal variation, in parallel with the disruption of the circadian rhythm. Glucocorticoids that exhibit both a circadian rhythm similar to that of the core clock transactivator BMAL1 and tissue specific ultradian rhythm are critical in the control of neuroinflammation and re-establishment of homeostasis. It is widely accepted that the glucocorticoids suppress nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) mediated transactivation and suppress inflammation. Recent mechanistic elucidations suggest that the core clock components also modulate NF-κB mediated transactivation in the brain and peripheral tissues. In this review we discuss evidence for interactions between the circadian clock components, glucocorticoids and NF-κB signaling responses in the brain and propose glucocorticoid induced leucine zipper (GILZ) encoded by Tsc22d3, as a molecular link that connect all three pathways in the maintenance of CNS homeostasis as well as in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation-neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mythily Srinivasan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Medicine and Radiology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indiana, USA,Provaidya LLC, Indiana Center for Biomedical Innovation, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA,Mythily Srinivasan, Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States; Provaidya LLC, Indiana Center for Biomedical Innovation, 1800 North Capitol Av, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States.
;
| | - Chandler Walker
- Department of Oral Pathology, Medicine and Radiology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indiana, USA,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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16
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Zhu L, Zhou C, Chen S, Huang D, Jiang Y, Lan Y, Zou S, Li Y. Osteoporosis and Alveolar Bone Health in Periodontitis Niche: A Predisposing Factors-Centered Review. Cells 2022; 11:3380. [PMID: 36359775 PMCID: PMC9657655 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a periodontal inflammatory condition that results from disrupted periodontal host-microbe homeostasis, manifested by the destruction of tooth-supporting structures, especially inflammatory alveolar bone loss. Osteoporosis is characterized by systemic deterioration of bone mass and microarchitecture. The roles of many systemic factors have been identified in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, including endocrine change, metabolic disorders, health-impaired behaviors and mental stress. The prevalence rate of osteoporotic fracture is in sustained elevation in the past decades. Recent studies suggest that individuals with concomitant osteoporosis are more vulnerable to periodontal impairment. Current reviews of worse periodontal status in the context of osteoporosis are limited, mainly centering on the impacts of menopausal and diabetic osteoporosis on periodontitis. Herein, this review article makes an effort to provide a comprehensive view of the relationship between osteoporosis and periodontitis, with a focus on clarifying how those risk factors in osteoporotic populations modify the alveolar bone homeostasis in the periodontitis niche.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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17
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Rubin LH, Bekhbat M, Turkson S, Mehta CC, Maki PM, Anastos K, Gustafson D, Spence AB, Milam J, Chow FC, Weber K, Springer G, Gange SJ, Neigh GN. Glucocorticoid Receptor Function and Cognitive Performance in Women With HIV. Psychosom Med 2022; 84:893-903. [PMID: 36044614 PMCID: PMC9553273 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alterations in glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) function may be a risk factor for cognitive complications among older people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We evaluated whether HIV serostatus and age modify the GCR function-cognition association among women. METHODS Eighty women with HIV ( n = 40, <40 years of age [younger]; n = 40, >50 years of age [older]) and 80 HIV-uninfected women ( n = 40 older, n = 40 younger) enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study completed a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected concurrent with neuropsychological testing were assessed for GCR function. Multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to examine whether a) HIV serostatus and age were associated with GCR function, and b) GCR function-cognition associations are moderated by HIV serostatus and age adjusting for relevant covariates. RESULTS Among older women, higher baseline FKBP5 expression level was associated with lower attention/working memory performance among women with HIV ( B = 6.4, standard error = 1.7, p = .0003) but not in women without HIV infection ( B = -1.7, standard error = 1.9, p = .37). There were no significant HIV serostatus by age interactions on dexamethasone (DEX)-stimulated expression of the genes regulated by the GCR or lipopolysaccharide-stimulated tumor necrosis factor α levels (with or without DEX stimulation; p values > .13). HIV serostatus was associated with GC target genes PER1 ( p = .006) and DUSP1 ( p = .02), but not TSC22D3 ( p = .32), after DEX stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data suggest that HIV serostatus and age may modify the influence of the GCR, such that the receptor is likely engaged to a similar extent, but the downstream influence of the receptor is altered, potentially through epigenetic modification of target genes.
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18
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Amasi-Hartoonian N, Sforzini L, Cattaneo A, Pariante CM. Cause or consequence? Understanding the role of cortisol in the increased inflammation observed in depression. CURRENT OPINION IN ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC RESEARCH 2022; 24:100356. [PMID: 35634363 PMCID: PMC7612780 DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2022.100356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids such as cortisol are a class of steroid hormones that play an important role in co-ordinating the body's response to stress. Elevated cortisol levels and increased inflammation have frequently been reported in patients with depression. The currently accepted "glucocorticoid resistance" model posits this increased inflammation as a consequence of reduced sensitivity to cortisol's putative anti-inflammatory action. However, opposing evidence has accumulated that supports a more recent model, which instead proposes that cortisol possesses immune potentiating properties and may thus directly cause the increased inflammation seen in depression. Despite all of this, a clear explanation of the neuroendocrine mechanism that contributes to the development of depression is still lacking and thus requires further investigation in improved future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nare Amasi-Hartoonian
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK
| | - Luca Sforzini
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK
| | - Annamaria Cattaneo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carmine Maria Pariante
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK
- National Institute for Health and Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, UK
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19
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Marshall CL, Hasani K, Mookherjee N. Immunobiology of Steroid-Unresponsive Severe Asthma. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 2:718267. [PMID: 35387021 PMCID: PMC8974815 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.718267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous respiratory disease characterized by airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation. Approximately 10% of asthma patients suffer from uncontrolled severe asthma (SA). A major difference between patients with SA from those with mild-to-moderate asthma is the resistance to common glucocorticoid treatments. Thus, steroid-unresponsive uncontrolled asthma is a hallmark of SA. An impediment in the development of new therapies for SA is a limited understanding of the range of immune responses and molecular networks that can contribute to the disease process. Typically SA is thought to be characterized by a Th2-low and Th17-high immunophenotype, accompanied by neutrophilic airway inflammation. However, Th2-mediated eosinophilic inflammation, as well as mixed Th1/Th17-mediated inflammation, is also described in SA. Thus, existing studies indicate that the immunophenotype of SA is diverse. This review attempts to summarize the interplay of different immune mediators and related mechanisms that are associated with airway inflammation and the immunobiology of SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Lynn Marshall
- Department of Internal Medicine, Manitoba Center of Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kosovare Hasani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Manitoba Center of Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Neeloffer Mookherjee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Manitoba Center of Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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20
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Selyatitskaya V, Palchikova N, Tsidulko A, Kuzminova O. EXPRESSION AND ACTIVITY OF AMINOTRANSFERASES IN THE LIVER OF STREPTOZOTOCIN-DIABETIC RATS: THE EFFECT OF MIFEPRISTONE. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUCHAREST, ROMANIA : 2005) 2022; 18:145-149. [PMID: 36212251 PMCID: PMC9512388 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2022.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Interventions that suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis from amino acids may be useful for improving glycemic control in diabetic patients. OBJECTIVES It was shown that administration of glucocorticoid receptor antagonist Mifepristone (MIF) leads to variously pronounced changes in the alanine-, aspartate-, tyrosine- aminotransferases (ALT, AST, TAT) activity in the liver of experimental animals. It has been suggested that this selective effect of MIF may be related to differences in the expression of the corresponding genes. The aim of the study was to investigate the gene expression and activity of ALT, AST and TAT in the liver of rats with streptozotocin-related diabetes (StD) under the long-term oral MIF administration. METHODS Male Wistar rats (n=48) with StD under the 10-days oral MIF administration were used. It was measured the activity of ALT, AST, TAT enzymes and relative expression of this genes in the liver of experimental animals. RESULTS In rats with StD the gene expression of all three studied aminotransferases in the liver was statistically significantly increased and their activity was increased as well. MIF administration did not change the studied genes expression and enzymes activity to healthy rats and caused a decrease in expression of ALT and AST genes and activity of these enzymes to rats with StD. However, the expression of the TAT gene and the activity of this enzyme in the liver of rats with StD increased upon MIF administration in comparison with animals with StD. CONCLUSIONS The introduction of MIF against the background of StD reduces the expression of genes and the activity of ALT and AST in the liver, what determine the transamination of amino acids to include them in gluconeogenesis, but increases the expression of genes and the activity of TAT, what determine the inclusion of tyrosine in the biogenic amines synthesis. The mechanisms of such selectivity require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N. Palchikova
- Correspondence to: Natalya Palchikova MD, FSBSI Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Timakova Street, Novosibirsk, 630117, Russian Federation, E-mail:
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21
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Efficacy of Glucocorticoids and Glucocorticoid-Induced Hyperglycaemia in Renal Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2484626. [PMID: 35295198 PMCID: PMC8920627 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2484626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Glucocorticoids are the most effective anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs used to treat patients with renal disease. This study pooled the current evidence of the efficacy of Glucocorticoids and Glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycaemia in renal disease. Methods We conducted a systematic literature search on PubMed, Cochrane Central, and Web of Science for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to September 1, 2021. The meta-analysis, sensitivity analysis and bias analysis were performed using Review Manager 5. 3. Results In this study, seven RCTs with 797 patients were included in our analysis. The analysis revealed that glucocorticoids had a certain alleviating effect on the reduction of renal function. (risk ratio [RR] 0.49 95% confidence interval [Cl] 0. 28 to 0.85, p =0.01) and reduction of proteinuria (weight mean difference [WMD] -0.43; 95% CI -0.57 to-0.28) when compared with the control group. Patients receiving glucocorticoids therapy did not have an increased risk of developing new-onset diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance. (RR 3.76 95% CI 0.54 to 26.10, p =0.18). For other safety outcomes, glucocorticoids therapy did not increase risk of respiratory infections (RR 1.63, 95% CI 0. 69to3. 89, p =0.27) and Gastrointestinal SAEs is relatively controversial (RR 1.10, 95% CI 0.32 to 3.79, p =0.88). Discussion. In conclusion, current clinical evidence indicates that glucocorticoids is efficacious and safe to renal disease compared with control. Further research comparing long-term glucocorticoids use is needed.
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22
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Lesovaya EA, Chudakova D, Baida G, Zhidkova EM, Kirsanov KI, Yakubovskaya MG, Budunova IV. The long winding road to the safer glucocorticoid receptor (GR) targeting therapies. Oncotarget 2022; 13:408-424. [PMID: 35198100 PMCID: PMC8858080 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (Gcs) are widely used to treat inflammatory diseases and hematological malignancies, and despite the introduction of novel anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer biologics, the use of inexpensive and effective Gcs is expected to grow. Unfortunately, chronic treatment with Gcs results in multiple atrophic and metabolic side effects. Thus, the search for safer glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-targeted therapies that preserve therapeutic potential of Gcs but result in fewer adverse effects remains highly relevant. Development of selective GR agonists/modulators (SEGRAM) with reduced side effects, based on the concept of dissociation of GR transactivation and transrepression functions, resulted in limited success, and currently focus has shifted towards partial GR agonists. Additional approach is the identification and inhibition of genes associated with Gcs specific side effects. Others and we recently identified GR target genes REDD1 and FKBP51 as key mediators of Gcs-induced atrophy, and selected and validated candidate molecules for REDD1 blockage including PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors. In this review, we summarized classic and contemporary approaches to safer GR-mediated therapies including unique concept of Gcs combination with REDD1 inhibitors. We discussed protective effects of REDD1 inhibitors against Gcs–induced atrophy in skin and bone and underlined the translational potential of this combination for further development of safer and effective Gcs-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A. Lesovaya
- Deparment of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin NMRCO, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Oncology, I.P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, Russia
| | - Daria Chudakova
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gleb Baida
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ekaterina M. Zhidkova
- Deparment of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin NMRCO, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill I. Kirsanov
- Deparment of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin NMRCO, Moscow, Russia
- Deparment of General Medical Practice, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marianna G. Yakubovskaya
- Deparment of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin NMRCO, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina V. Budunova
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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23
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Salamone IM, Quattrocelli M, Barefield DY, Page PG, Tahtah I, Hadhazy M, Tomar G, McNally EM. Intermittent glucocorticoid treatment enhances skeletal muscle performance through sexually dimorphic mechanisms. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:149828. [PMID: 35143417 PMCID: PMC8920338 DOI: 10.1172/jci149828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid steroids are commonly prescribed for many inflammatory conditions, but chronic daily use produces adverse effects, including muscle wasting and weakness. In contrast, shorter glucocorticoid pulses may improve athletic performance, although the mechanisms remain unclear. Muscle is sexually dimorphic and comparatively little is known about how male and female muscles respond to glucocorticoids. We investigated the impact of once-weekly glucocorticoid exposure on skeletal muscle performance comparing male and female mice. One month of once-weekly glucocorticoid dosing improved muscle specific force in both males and females. Transcriptomic profiling of isolated myofibers identified a striking sexually dimorphic response to weekly glucocorticoids. Male myofibers had increased expression of genes in the IGF1/PI3K pathway and calcium handling, while female myofibers had profound upregulation of lipid metabolism genes. Muscles from weekly prednisone–treated males had improved calcium handling, while comparably treated female muscles had reduced intramuscular triglycerides. Consistent with altered lipid metabolism, weekly prednisone–treated female mice had greater endurance relative to controls. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we defined a sexually dimorphic chromatin landscape after weekly prednisone. These results demonstrate that weekly glucocorticoid exposure elicits distinct pathways in males versus females, resulting in enhanced performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella M Salamone
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Mattia Quattrocelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Cinicinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - David Y Barefield
- Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, United States of America
| | - Patrick G Page
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Ibrahim Tahtah
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Michele Hadhazy
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Garima Tomar
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth M McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
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24
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Gu X, Ge L, Ren B, Fang Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Xu H. Glucocorticoids Promote Extracellular Matrix Component Remodeling by Activating YAP in Human Retinal Capillary Endothelial Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:738341. [PMID: 34970541 PMCID: PMC8712730 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.738341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM) components of endothelial cells is the main cause of retinal vascular basement membrane (BM) thickening, which leads to the initiation and perpetuation of microvasculopathy of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Excessive amounts of glucocorticoids (GCs) are related to the presence and severity of DR, however transcriptional effects of GCs on the biology of human retinal capillary endothelial cells (HRCECs) and its impacts on DR are still unclear. Here, we showed that GC (hydrocortisone) treatment induced ECM component [fibronectin (FN) and type IV collagen (Col IV)] expression and morphological changes in HRCECs via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which depended on the nuclear translocation of YAP coactivator. Mechanistically, GCs induced stress fiber formation in HRCECs, while blocking stress fiber formation inhibited GC-induced YAP nuclear translocation. Overexpression of FN, but not Col IV, activated YAP through the promotion of stress fiber formation via ECM-integrin signaling. Thus, a feedforward loop is established to sustain YAP activity. Using mRNA sequencing of HRCECs with overexpressed YAP or GC treatment, we found a similarity in Gene Ontology (GO) terms, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and transcription factors (TFs) between the two RNA-seq datasets. In vivo, YAP was activated in retina vascular ECs of STZ-induced diabetic mice, and TF prediction analysis of published RNA-seq data of dermal vascular ECs from T2DM patients showed that GR and TEAD (the main transcription factor for YAP) were enriched. Together, GCs activate YAP and promote ECM component (FN and Col IV) remodeling in retinal capillary endothelial cells, and the underlying regulatory mechanism may provide new insights into the vascular BM thickening of the retina in the early pathogenesis of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianliang Gu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Key Lab of Visual Damage & Regeneration and Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingling Ge
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Key Lab of Visual Damage & Regeneration and Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Bangqi Ren
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Key Lab of Visual Damage & Regeneration and Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yajie Fang
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Key Lab of Visual Damage & Regeneration and Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yijian Li
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Key Lab of Visual Damage & Regeneration and Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Key Lab of Visual Damage & Regeneration and Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Key Lab of Visual Damage & Regeneration and Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
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25
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Németh V, Horváth S, Kinyó Á, Gyulai R, Lengyel Z. Expression Patterns of Clock Gene mRNAs and Clock Proteins in Human Psoriatic Skin Samples. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:121. [PMID: 35008548 PMCID: PMC8745255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a systemic inflammatory skin disorder that can be associated with sleep disturbance and negatively influence the daily rhythm. The link between the pathomechanism of psoriasis and the circadian rhythm has been suggested by several previous studies. However, there are insufficient data on altered clock mechanisms in psoriasis to prove these theories. Therefore, we investigated the expression of the core clock genes in human psoriatic lesional and non-lesional skin and in human adult low calcium temperature (HaCaT) keratinocytes after stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, we examined the clock proteins in skin biopsies from psoriatic patients by immunohistochemistry. We found that the clock gene transcripts were elevated in psoriatic lesions, especially in non-lesional psoriatic areas, except for rev-erbα, which was consistently downregulated in the psoriatic samples. In addition, the REV-ERBα protein showed a different epidermal distribution in non-lesional skin than in healthy skin. In cytokine-treated HaCaT cells, changes in the amplitude of the bmal1, cry1, rev-erbα and per1 mRNA oscillation were observed, especially after TNFα stimulation. In conclusion, in our study a perturbation of clock gene transcripts was observed in uninvolved and lesional psoriatic areas compared to healthy skin. These alterations may serve as therapeutic targets and facilitate the development of chronotherapeutic strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zsuzsanna Lengyel
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Oncodermatology, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7632 Pecs, Hungary; (V.N.); (S.H.); (Á.K.); (R.G.)
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26
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Rengasamy M, Marsland A, Spada M, Hsiung K, Kovats T, Price RB. A chicken and egg scenario in psychoneuroimmunology: Bidirectional mechanisms linking cytokines and depression. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2021; 6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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27
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Fraga DB, Camargo A, Olescowicz G, Padilha DA, Mina F, Budni J, Brocardo PS, Rodrigues ALS. Ketamine, but not fluoxetine, rapidly rescues corticosterone-induced impairments on glucocorticoid receptor and dendritic branching in the hippocampus of mice. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:2223-2233. [PMID: 33950381 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00743-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although numerous studies have investigated the mechanisms underlying the fast and sustained antidepressant-like effects of ketamine, the contribution of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and dendritic branching remodeling to its responses remain to be fully established. This study investigated the ability of a single administration of ketamine to modulate the GR and dendritic branching remodeling and complexity in the hippocampus of mice subjected to chronic corticosterone (CORT) administration. CORT was administered for 21 days, followed by a single administration of ketamine (1 mg ∕kg, i.p.) or fluoxetine (10 mg ∕kg, p.o., conventional antidepressant) in mice. On 22nd, 24 h after the treatments, GR immunocontent in the hippocampus was analyzed by western blotting, while the dendritic arborization and dendrite length in the ventral and dorsal dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus was analyzed by Sholl analysis. Chronic CORT administration downregulated hippocampal GR immunocontent, but this alteration was completely reversed by a single administration of ketamine, but not fluoxetine. Moreover, CORT administration significantly decreased dendritic branching in the dorsal and ventral DG areas and caused a mild decrease in dendrite length in both regions. Ketamine, but not fluoxetine, reversed CORT-induced dendritic branching loss in the ventral and dorsal DG areas, regions associated with mood regulation and cognitive functions, respectively. This study provides novel evidence that a single administration of ketamine, but not fluoxetine, rescued the impairments on GR and dendritic branching in the hippocampus of mice subjected to chronic CORT administration, effects that may be associated with its rapid antidepressant response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane B Fraga
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Anderson Camargo
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Olescowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Dayane Azevedo Padilha
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Francielle Mina
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Josiane Budni
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Patricia S Brocardo
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia S Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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28
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Inoue T, Koyama M, Kaida K, Ikegame K, Ensbey KS, Samson L, Takahashi S, Zhang P, Minnie SA, Maruyama S, Ishii S, Daimon T, Fukuda T, Nakamae H, Ara T, Maruyama Y, Ishiyama K, Ichinohe T, Atsuta Y, Blazar BR, Furlan SN, Ogawa H, Hill GR. Peritransplant glucocorticoids redistribute donor T cells to the bone marrow and prevent relapse after haploidentical SCT. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e153551. [PMID: 34637399 PMCID: PMC8663779 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with acute leukemia who are unable to achieve complete remission prior to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) have dismal outcomes, with relapse rates well in excess of 60%. Haplo-identical SCT (haplo-SCT) may allow enhanced graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects by virtue of HLA class I/II donor-host disparities, but it typically requires intensive immunosuppression with posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy) to prevent lethal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Here, we demonstrate in preclinical models that glucocorticoid administration from days -1 to +5 inhibits alloantigen presentation by professional recipient antigen presenting cells in the gastrointestinal tract and prevents donor T cell priming and subsequent expansion therein. In contrast, direct glucocorticoid signaling of donor T cells promotes chemokine and integrin signatures permissive of preferential circulation and migration into the BM, promoting donor T cell residency. This results in significant reductions in GVHD while promoting potent GVL effects; relapse in recipients receiving glucocorticoids, vehicle, or PT-Cy was 12%, 56%, and 100%, respectively. Intriguingly, patients with acute myeloid leukemia not in remission who received unmanipulated haplo-SCT and peritransplant glucocorticoids also had an unexpectedly low relapse rate at 1 year (32%; 95% CI, 18%-47%) with high overall survival at 3 years (58%; 95% CI, 38%-74%). These data highlight a potentially simple and effective approach to prevent relapse in patients with otherwise incurable leukemia that could be studied in prospective randomized trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Inoue
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Motoko Koyama
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Katsuji Kaida
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ikegame
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kathleen S. Ensbey
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Luke Samson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shuichiro Takahashi
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Simone A. Minnie
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Satoshi Maruyama
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinichi Ishii
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
- Division of Hematology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takashi Daimon
- Department of Biostatistics, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Fukuda
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Nakamae
- Department of Hematology, Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahide Ara
- Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yumiko Maruyama
- Department of Hematology, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ken Ishiyama
- Department of Hematology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Ichinohe
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Atsuta
- Japanese Data Center for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Scott N. Furlan
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hiroyasu Ogawa
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Osaka Gyoumeikan Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Geoffrey R. Hill
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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29
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Kennedy BJ, Lato AM, Fisch AR, Burke SJ, Kirkland JK, Prevatte CW, Dunlap LE, Smith RT, Vogiatzis KD, Collier JJ, Campagna SR. Potent Anti-Inflammatory, Arylpyrazole-Based Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonists That Do Not Impair Insulin Secretion. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1568-1577. [PMID: 34676039 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used in medicine for their role in the treatment of autoimmune-mediated conditions, certain cancers, and organ transplantation. The transcriptional activities GCs elicit include transrepression, postulated to be responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity, and transactivation, proposed to underlie the undesirable side effects associated with long-term use. A GC analogue that could elicit only transrepression and beneficial transactivation properties would be of great medicinal value and is highly sought after. In this study, a series of 1-(4-substituted phenyl)pyrazole-based GC analogues were synthesized, biologically screened, and evaluated for SARs leading to the desired activity. Activity observed in compounds bearing an electron deficient arylpyrazole moiety showed promise toward a dissociated steroid, displaying transrepression while having limited transactivation activity. In addition, compounds 11aa and 11ab were found to have anti-inflammatory efficacy comparable to that of dexamethasone at 10 nM, with minimal transactivation activity and no reduction of insulin secretion in cultured rat 832/13 beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J. Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Ashley M. Lato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Alexander R. Fisch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Susan J. Burke
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, United States
| | - Justin K. Kirkland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Carson W. Prevatte
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Lee E. Dunlap
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Russell T. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | | | - J. Jason Collier
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, United States
| | - Shawn R. Campagna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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30
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Mechanism of Phosgene-Induced Acute Lung Injury and Treatment Strategy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010933. [PMID: 34681591 PMCID: PMC8535529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosgene (COCl2) was once used as a classic suffocation poison and currently plays an essential role in industrial production. Due to its high toxicity, the problem of poisoning caused by leakage during production, storage, and use cannot be ignored. Phosgene mainly acts on the lungs, causing long-lasting respiratory depression, refractory pulmonary edema, and other related lung injuries, which may cause acute respiratory distress syndrome or even death in severe cases. Due to the high mortality, poor prognosis, and frequent sequelae, targeted therapies for phosgene exposure are needed. However, there is currently no specific antidote for phosgene poisoning. This paper reviews the literature on the mechanism and treatment strategies to explore new ideas for the treatment of phosgene poisoning.
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31
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Spies LML, Verhoog NJD, Louw A. Acquired Glucocorticoid Resistance Due to Homologous Glucocorticoid Receptor Downregulation: A Modern Look at an Age-Old Problem. Cells 2021; 10:2529. [PMID: 34685511 PMCID: PMC8533966 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
For over 70 years, the unique anti-inflammatory properties of glucocorticoids (GCs), which mediate their effects via the ligand-activated transcription factor, the glucocorticoid receptor alpha (GRα), have allowed for the use of these steroid hormones in the treatment of various autoimmune and inflammatory-linked diseases. However, aside from the onset of severe side-effects, chronic GC therapy often leads to the ligand-mediated downregulation of the GRα which, in turn, leads to a decrease in GC sensitivity, and effectively, the development of acquired GC resistance. Although the ligand-mediated downregulation of GRα is well documented, the precise factors which influence this process are not well understood and, thus, the development of an acquired GC resistance presents an ever-increasing challenge to the pharmaceutical industry. Recently, however, studies have correlated the dimerization status of the GRα with its ligand-mediated downregulation. Therefore, the current review will be discussing the major role-players in the homologous downregulation of the GRα pool, with a specific focus on previously reported GC-mediated reductions in GRα mRNA and protein levels, the molecular mechanisms through which the GRα functional pool is maintained and the possible impact of receptor conformation on GC-mediated GRα downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ann Louw
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Van de Byl Street, Stellenbosch 7200, South Africa; (L.-M.L.S.); (N.J.D.V.)
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32
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Sevilla LM, Jiménez-Panizo A, Alegre-Martí A, Estébanez-Perpiñá E, Caelles C, Pérez P. Glucocorticoid Resistance: Interference between the Glucocorticoid Receptor and the MAPK Signalling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10049. [PMID: 34576214 PMCID: PMC8465023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones that signal in virtually all cell types to modulate tissue homeostasis throughout life. Also, synthetic GC derivatives (pharmacological GCs) constitute the first-line treatment in many chronic inflammatory conditions with unquestionable therapeutic benefits despite the associated adverse effects. GC actions are principally mediated through the GC receptor (GR), a ligand-dependent transcription factor. Despite the ubiquitous expression of GR, imbalances in GC signalling affect tissues differently, and with variable degrees of severity through mechanisms that are not completely deciphered. Congenital or acquired GC hypersensitivity or resistance syndromes can impact responsiveness to endogenous or pharmacological GCs, causing disease or inadequate therapeutic outcomes, respectively. Acquired GC resistance is defined as loss of efficacy or desensitization over time, and arises as a consequence of chronic inflammation, affecting around 30% of GC-treated patients. It represents an important limitation in the management of chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer, and can be due to impairment of multiple mechanisms along the GC signalling pathway. Among them, activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and/or alterations in expression of their regulators, the dual-specific phosphatases (DUSPs), have been identified as common mechanisms of GC resistance. While many of the anti-inflammatory actions of GCs rely on GR-mediated inhibition of MAPKs and/or induction of DUSPs, the GC anti-inflammatory capacity is decreased or lost in conditions of excessive MAPK activation, contributing to disease susceptibility in tissue- and disease- specific manners. Here, we discuss potential strategies to modulate GC responsiveness, with the dual goal of overcoming GC resistance and minimizing the onset and severity of unwanted adverse effects while maintaining therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Sevilla
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV)-CSIC, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Alba Jiménez-Panizo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.J.-P.); (A.A.-M.); (E.E.-P.)
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Andrea Alegre-Martí
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.J.-P.); (A.A.-M.); (E.E.-P.)
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Eva Estébanez-Perpiñá
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.J.-P.); (A.A.-M.); (E.E.-P.)
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Carme Caelles
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paloma Pérez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV)-CSIC, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
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33
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Hu W, Jiang C, Kim M, Yang W, Zhu K, Guan D, Lv W, Xiao Y, Wilson JR, Rader DJ, Pui CH, Relling MV, Lazar MA. Individual-specific functional epigenomics reveals genetic determinants of adverse metabolic effects of glucocorticoids. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1592-1609.e7. [PMID: 34233159 PMCID: PMC8340270 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used as anti-inflammatory drugs, but their long-term use has severe metabolic side effects. Here, by treating multiple individual adipose stem cell-derived adipocytes and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes with the potent GC dexamethasone (Dex), we uncovered cell-type-specific and individual-specific GC-dependent transcriptomes and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) cistromes. Individual-specific GR binding could be traced to single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that altered the binding motifs of GR or its cooperating factors. We also discovered another set of genetic variants that modulated Dex response through affecting chromatin accessibility or chromatin architecture. Several SNPs that altered Dex-regulated GR binding and gene expression controlled Dex-driven metabolic perturbations. Remarkably, these genetic variations were highly associated with increases in serum glucose, lipids, and body mass in subjects on GC therapy. Knowledge of the genetic variants that predispose individuals to metabolic side effects allows for a precision medicine approach to the use of clinically relevant GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Hu
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; The Max-Planck Center for Tissue Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chunjie Jiang
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mindy Kim
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wenjian Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kun Zhu
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dongyin Guan
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wenjian Lv
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yang Xiao
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jessica R Wilson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ching-Hon Pui
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mary V Relling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Saitoh BY, Tanaka E, Yamamoto N, Kruining DV, Iinuma K, Nakamuta Y, Yamaguchi H, Yamasaki R, Matsumoto K, Kira JI. Early postnatal allergic airway inflammation induces dystrophic microglia leading to excitatory postsynaptic surplus and autism-like behavior. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 95:362-380. [PMID: 33862170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia play key roles in synaptic pruning, which primarily occurs from the postnatal period to adolescence. Synaptic pruning is essential for normal brain development and its impairment is implicated in neuropsychiatric developmental diseases such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Recent epidemiological surveys reported a strong link between ASD and atopic/allergic diseases. However, few studies have experimentally investigated the relationship between allergy and ASD-like manifestations, particularly in the early postnatal period, when allergic disorders occur frequently. Therefore, we aimed to characterize how allergic inflammation in the early postnatal period influences microglia and behavior using mouse models of short- and long-term airway allergy. Male mice were immunized by an intraperitoneal injection of aluminum hydroxide and ovalbumin (OVA) or phosphate-buffered saline (control) on postnatal days (P) 3, 7, and 11, followed by intranasal challenge with OVA or phosphate-buffered saline solution twice a week until P30 or P70. In the hippocampus, Iba-1-positive areas, the size of Iba-1-positive microglial cell bodies, and the ramification index of microglia by Sholl analysis were significantly smaller in the OVA group than in the control group on P30 and P70, although Iba-1-positive microglia numbers did not differ significantly between the two groups. In Iba-1-positive cells, postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95)-occupied areas and CD68-occupied areas were significantly decreased on P30 and P70, respectively, in the OVA group compared with the control group. Immunoblotting using hippocampal tissues demonstrated that amounts of PSD95, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor 2, and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor 2B were significantly increased in the OVA group compared with the control group on P70, and a similar increasing trend for PSD95 was observed on P30. Neurogenesis was not significantly different between the two groups on P30 or P70 by doublecortin immunohistochemistry. The social preference index was significantly lower in the three chamber test and the number of buried marbles was significantly higher in the OVA group than in the control group on P70 but not on P30, whereas locomotion and anxiety were not different between the two groups. Compared with the control group, serum basal corticosterone levels were significantly elevated and hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) amounts and nuclear GR translocation in microglia, but not in neurons or astrocytes, were significantly decreased in the OVA group on P70 but not on P30. Gene set enrichment analysis of isolated microglia revealed that genes related to immune responses including Toll-like receptor signaling and chemokine signaling pathways, senescence, and glucocorticoid signaling were significantly upregulated in the OVA group compared with the control group on P30 and P70. These findings suggest that early postnatal allergic airway inflammation induces dystrophic microglia that exhibit defective synaptic pruning upon short- and long-term allergen exposure. Furthermore, long-term allergen exposure induced excitatory postsynaptic surplus and ASD-like behavior. Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis activation and the compensatory downregulation of microglial GR during long-term allergic airway inflammation may also facilitate these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ban-Yu Saitoh
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eizo Tanaka
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daan van Kruining
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Kyoko Iinuma
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakamuta
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroo Yamaguchi
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamasaki
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichiro Matsumoto
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kira
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Translational Neuroscience Center, Graduate School of Medicine, and School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, 137-1 Enokizu, Ookawa, Fukuoka 831-8501, Japan; Department of Neurology, Brain and Nerve Center, Fukuoka Central Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, 2-6-11 Yakuin, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka 810-0022, Japan.
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Bruscoli S, Febo M, Riccardi C, Migliorati G. Glucocorticoid Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Mechanisms and Clinical Practice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:691480. [PMID: 34149734 PMCID: PMC8209469 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.691480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). IBD etiopathology is multifactorial and involves alteration of immune cells and chronic activation of the inflammatory cascade against yet unknown environmental factors that trigger the disease. IBD therapy aims at improving the quality of life and reducing the risk of disease-related complications to avoid the need for surgery. There is no specific cure for IBDs, and the focus of therapy is supportive measures and use of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are powerful anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agents used to treat many acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. GCs remain basic treatment for moderate-to-severe IBD, but their use is limited by several important adverse drug effects. Topical administration of a second-generation of GCs, such as budesonide and beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), represents a valid alternative to use of older, systemic GCs. Administration of second-generation GCs shows promisingly high topical activity and less systemic toxicity, but maintenance therapy with these new GCs in IBD patients is associated with multiple adverse effects. In this review, we make a comparative analysis of the efficacy of first-generation and second-generation GCs in IBD treatment. Unraveling GC biology at the molecular level to uncouple their clinical benefits from detrimental effects is important. One approach is to consider new GC mediators, such as glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper, which may have similar anti-inflammatory properties, but avoids the side effects of GCs. This in-depth analysis can help to improve the development and the clinical outcomes of GC therapies in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bruscoli
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Glucocorticoid receptor wields chromatin interactions to tune transcription for cytoskeleton stabilization in podocytes. Commun Biol 2021; 4:675. [PMID: 34083716 PMCID: PMC8175753 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating transcription mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is crucial for understanding the role of glucocorticoids (GCs) in the treatment of diseases. Podocyte is a useful model for studying GR regulation because GCs are the primary medication for podocytopathy. In this study, we integrated data from transcriptome, transcription factor binding, histone modification, and genome topology. Our data reveals that the GR binds and activates selective regulatory elements in podocyte. The 3D interactome captured by HiChIP facilitates the identification of remote targets of GR. We found that GR in podocyte is enriched at transcriptional interaction hubs and super-enhancers. We further demonstrate that the target gene of the top GR-associated super-enhancer is indispensable to the effective functioning of GC in podocyte. Our findings provided insights into the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of GCs on podocyte, and demonstrate the importance of considering transcriptional interactions in order to fine-map regulatory networks of GR.
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Tompkins MG, Pettit R. Beyond the Guidelines: Treatment of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Cystic Fibrosis. Ann Pharmacother 2021; 56:181-192. [PMID: 34078140 DOI: 10.1177/10600280211022065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the available literature addressing alternative allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) treatment options for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). DATA SOURCES A literature search of PubMed was performed (January 2002 to April 2021) using the following search terms: allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, aspergillus-related lung disease, cystic fibrosis. Manufacturer prescribing information, clinical practice guidelines, and data from ClinicalTrials.gov were incorporated in the reviewed data. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION Relevant English-language studies or those conducted in humans were considered for inclusion. DATA SYNTHESIS Available literature for alternative ABPA treatments in CF is lacking randomized controlled trials, but there is considerable support in case reports and case series describing the benefits in pediatric and adult patients. Recent literature has begun to explore the place in therapy for novel, corticosteroid-sparing treatment approaches. The alternative therapies summarized in this review all resulted in clinical improvement and subsequent discontinuation or dose reductions of oral corticosteroids, with minimal reported adverse drug effects. RELEVANCE TO PATIENT CARE AND CLINICAL PRACTICE Although corticosteroids are the cornerstone of ABPA management, the toxicities can be significant limitations in an already high-risk patient population. Patients may fail or become intolerant to guideline-recommended therapies and require alternative treatment approaches. CONCLUSIONS Alternative treatment modalities for ABPA in patients with CF, including azole antifungals, pulsed intravenous glucocorticoids, omalizumab, mepolizumab, and inhaled amphotericin, appear to be efficacious and well tolerated. Pharmacological properties including route of administration, storage and stability, beyond use dating, and adverse effects of the various treatment modalities must be considered when selecting a practical care plan for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline G Tompkins
- Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rebecca Pettit
- Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Diaz-Jimenez D, Kolb JP, Cidlowski JA. Glucocorticoids as Regulators of Macrophage-Mediated Tissue Homeostasis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:669891. [PMID: 34079551 PMCID: PMC8165320 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.669891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our immune system has evolved as a complex network of cells and tissues tasked with maintaining host homeostasis. This is evident during the inflammatory responses elicited during a microbial infection or traumatic tissue damage. These responses seek to eliminate foreign material or restore tissue integrity. Even during periods without explicit disturbances, the immune system plays prominent roles in tissue homeostasis. Perhaps one of the most studied cells in this regard is the macrophage. Tissue-resident macrophages are a heterogenous group of sensory cells that respond to a variety of environmental cues and are essential for organ function. Endogenously produced glucocorticoid hormones connect external environmental stress signals with the function of many cell types, producing profound changes in immune cells, including macrophages. Here, we review the current literature which demonstrates specific effects of glucocorticoids in several organ systems. We propose that tissue-resident macrophages, through glucocorticoid signaling, may play an underappreciated role as regulators of organ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Diaz-Jimenez
- Molecular Endocrinology Group, Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Joseph P Kolb
- Molecular Endocrinology Group, Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - John A Cidlowski
- Molecular Endocrinology Group, Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
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Ruiz-Irastorza G. PREDNISONE IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: TAPER QUICKLY, WITHDRAW SLOWLY. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:5489-5490. [PMID: 33839762 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Ruiz-Irastorza
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, University of The Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain, The Basque Country
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Quattrocelli M, Zelikovich AS, Salamone IM, Fischer JA, McNally EM. Mechanisms and Clinical Applications of Glucocorticoid Steroids in Muscular Dystrophy. J Neuromuscul Dis 2021; 8:39-52. [PMID: 33104035 PMCID: PMC7902991 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-200556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid steroids are widely used as immunomodulatory agents in acute and chronic conditions. Glucocorticoid steroids such as prednisone and deflazacort are recommended for treating Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy where their use prolongs ambulation and life expectancy. Despite this benefit, glucocorticoid use in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is also associated with significant adverse consequences including adrenal suppression, growth impairment, poor bone health and metabolic syndrome. For other forms of muscular dystrophy like the limb girdle dystrophies, glucocorticoids are not typically used. Here we review the experimental evidence supporting multiple mechanisms of glucocorticoid action in dystrophic muscle including their role in dampening inflammation and myofiber injury. We also discuss alternative dosing strategies as well as novel steroid agents that are in development and testing, with the goal to reduce adverse consequences of prolonged glucocorticoid exposure while maximizing beneficial outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Quattrocelli
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Aaron S Zelikovich
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Isabella M Salamone
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Julie A Fischer
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth M McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Shao Q, Wu Y, Ji J, Xu T, Yu Q, Ma C, Liao X, Cheng F, Wang X. Interaction Mechanisms Between Major Depressive Disorder and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:711835. [PMID: 34966296 PMCID: PMC8710489 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.711835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD), which is highly associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), has complex pathogenic mechanisms. However, a limited number of studies have evaluated the mutual pathomechanisms involved in MDD and NAFLD development. Chronic stress-mediated elevations in glucocorticoid (GC) levels play an important role in the development of MDD-related NAFLD. Elevated GC levels can induce the release of inflammatory factors and changes in gut permeability. Elevated levels of inflammatory factors activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which further increases the release of GC. At the same time, changes in gut permeability promote the release of inflammatory factors, which results in a vicious circle among the three, causing disease outbreaks. Even though the specific role of the thyroid hormone (TH) in this pathogenesis has not been fully established, it is highly correlated with MDD and NAFLD. Therefore, changing lifestyles and reducing psychological stress levels are necessary measures for preventing MDD-related NAFLD. Among them, GC inhibitors and receptor antagonists may be key in the alleviation of early and mid-term disease progression. However, combination medications may be important in late-stage diseases, but they are associated with various side effects. Traditional Chinese medicines have been shown to be potential therapeutic alternatives for such complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ji
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoyu Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chongyang Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejing Liao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fafeng Cheng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Leukocyte glucocorticoid receptor expression and related transcriptomic gene signatures during early sepsis. Clin Immunol 2020; 223:108660. [PMID: 33352295 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to understand the molecular mechanisms that might lead to differences in the glucocorticoid response during sepsis. METHODS Patients diagnosed with sepsis (n = 198) and 40 healthy controls were enrolled. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression in circulating leukocytes and plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol on days 1 and 7 were measured in all participants. Expression profiling of 16 genes associated with GR expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in 12 healthy controls and 26 patients with sepsis was performed by PCR. RESULTS Cortisol levels were higher in patients with sepsis than in healthy controls on day 1 after admission and recovered to normal levels by day 7. GR expression was gradually downregulated in leukocyte subsets. Non-survivors showed lower GR and higher cortisol levels than survivors. GRα expression was lower in patients with sepsis than in controls, whereas GRβ showed the opposite trend. MicroRNAs related to GR resistance and suppression were altered in PBMCs during sepsis. CONCLUSION Patients with sepsis showed upregulated plasma cortisol levels along with downregulated GR expression on various leukocyte subtypes, portending poor cortisol response and outcome. Changes in GR-regulatory miRNAs may be responsible for GR low expression.
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Chen M, Huang R, Fu W, Ou L, Men L, Zhang Z, Yang S, Liu Q, Luan J. Xiaoyaosan (Tiaogan-Liqi therapy) protects peritoneal macrophages from corticosterone-induced stress by regulating the interaction between glucocorticoid receptor and ABCA1. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1506. [PMID: 33313251 PMCID: PMC7729347 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-6505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous studies have reported that Xiaoyaosan (XYS), Tiaogan-Liqi therapy, has a protective function in depressive disorder, and can regulate body weight and corticosterone (CORT) level. However, little is known about the effect of XYS in treating atherosclerosis. This study aimed to explore the influence XYS on macrophage foam cell formation and related mechanism. Methods Rat peritoneal macrophages (PMs) were separated and stimulated with CORT and oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). The serum was obtained from rats treated with different doses of XYS and was added into the medium for macrophages. Then, the cell activity and lipid content of PMs were measured through Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and oil red staining, respectively. The expressions of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) were detected. In addition, overexpression of GR and ABCA1 was performed and the effect on XYS treatment was subsequently assessed. Results The CCK-8 assay showed the serum increased cell activity of CORT-induced stress PMs in a XYS dose-dependent manner. Oil red staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that the serum decreased lipids of PMs. In the XYS treated groups, HSP90 protein was decreased and protein levels of ABCA1 and GR were increased in cytoplasm, while GR protein in nucleus was decreased. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay indicated GR might interact with HSP90 and be involved with the function of XYS. Furthermore, overexpression of GR attenuated the protective function of XYS on CORT-induced stress in PMs, while overexpression of ABCA1 enhanced that. Conclusions This study denoted that XYS could protect PMs from CORT-induced stress by regulating the interaction of GR and ABCA1, which might contribute to the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtai Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the 4 Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruolan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen University Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenjun Fu
- Centre for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Ou
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the 4 Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ling Men
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the 4 Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the 4 Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shudong Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the 4 Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the 4 Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jienan Luan
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the 4 Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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Haleem DJ. Glucocorticoids in the Physiological and Transcriptional Regulation of 5-HT1A Receptor and the Pathogenesis of Depression. Neuroscientist 2020; 28:59-68. [PMID: 33243080 DOI: 10.1177/1073858420975711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is growing increase in the global prevalence of depression, but treatment outcome of this highly disabling disease is not satisfactory. Many patients are not benefitted by the currently prescribed antidepressants-together with this partial remission is very common. Improving treatment strategies and developing better therapeutic agents for treating depression is therefore highly needed. Stress-related epigenetic changes play a critical role in the pathogenesis as well as treatment of depression. Stressful events activate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to increase circulating levels of glucocorticoids (GCs), and a greater sensitivity to this fright and flight response increases risk of depression. A role of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) in responses to stress and in the pathogenesis and treatment of depression is well established. Substantial evidence supports a critical role of 5-HT1A receptors in these effects of 5-HT. The present article targets stress-induced higher and sustained increases of GCs and mediated influences on the physiological as well transcriptional regulation of 5-HT1A receptors to evaluate their causal role in the pathogenesis of depression. It is suggested that synthetic compounds with antagonist activity for GC receptors and agonist activity for 5-HT1A receptors may prove better therapeutic agents for treating depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darakhshan Jabeen Haleem
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine & Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Science, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Escoter-Torres L, Greulich F, Quagliarini F, Wierer M, Uhlenhaut NH. Anti-inflammatory functions of the glucocorticoid receptor require DNA binding. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:8393-8407. [PMID: 32619221 PMCID: PMC7470971 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor is an important immunosuppressive drug target and metabolic regulator that acts as a ligand-gated transcription factor. Generally, GR’s anti-inflammatory effects are attributed to the silencing of inflammatory genes, while its adverse effects are ascribed to the upregulation of metabolic targets. GR binding directly to DNA is proposed to activate, whereas GR tethering to pro-inflammatory transcription factors is thought to repress transcription. Using mice with a point mutation in GR’s zinc finger, that still tether via protein–protein interactions while being unable to recognize DNA, we demonstrate that DNA binding is essential for both transcriptional activation and repression. Performing ChIP-Seq, RNA-Seq and proteomics under inflammatory conditions, we show that DNA recognition is required for the assembly of a functional co-regulator complex to mediate glucocorticoid responses. Our findings may contribute to the development of safer immunomodulators with fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Escoter-Torres
- Molecular Endocrinology, Institutes for Diabetes and Obesity & Diabetes and Cancer IDO & IDC, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich 85764, Germany
| | - Franziska Greulich
- Molecular Endocrinology, Institutes for Diabetes and Obesity & Diabetes and Cancer IDO & IDC, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich 85764, Germany.,Metabolic Programming, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan and ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Munich 85354, Germany
| | - Fabiana Quagliarini
- Molecular Endocrinology, Institutes for Diabetes and Obesity & Diabetes and Cancer IDO & IDC, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich 85764, Germany
| | - Michael Wierer
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Munich 82152, Germany
| | - Nina Henriette Uhlenhaut
- Molecular Endocrinology, Institutes for Diabetes and Obesity & Diabetes and Cancer IDO & IDC, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich 85764, Germany.,Metabolic Programming, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan and ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Munich 85354, Germany
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Præstholm SM, Correia CM, Grøntved L. Multifaceted Control of GR Signaling and Its Impact on Hepatic Transcriptional Networks and Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:572981. [PMID: 33133019 PMCID: PMC7578419 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.572981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) are important regulators of development, inflammation, stress response and metabolism, demonstrated in various diseases including Addison's disease, Cushing's syndrome and by the many side effects of prolonged clinical administration of GCs. These conditions include severe metabolic challenges in key metabolic organs like the liver. In the liver, GR is known to regulate the transcription of key enzymes in glucose and lipid metabolism and contribute to the regulation of circadian-expressed genes. Insights to the modes of GR regulation and the underlying functional mechanisms are key for understanding diseases and for the development of improved clinical uses of GCs. The activity and function of GR is regulated at numerous levels including ligand availability, interaction with heat shock protein (HSP) complexes, expression of GR isoforms and posttranslational modifications. Moreover, recent genomics studies show functional interaction with multiple transcription factors (TF) and coregulators in complex transcriptional networks controlling cell type-specific gene expression by GCs. In this review we describe the different regulatory steps important for GR activity and discuss how different TF interaction partners of GR selectively control hepatic gene transcription and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lars Grøntved
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Clarisse D, Offner F, De Bosscher K. Latest perspectives on glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis and resistance in lymphoid malignancies. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188430. [PMID: 32950642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are essential drugs in the treatment protocols of lymphoid malignancies. These steroidal hormones trigger apoptosis of the malignant cells by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Long term glucocorticoid treatment is limited by two major problems: the development of glucocorticoid-related side effects, which hampers patient quality of life, and the emergence of glucocorticoid resistance, which is a gradual process that is inevitable in many patients. This emphasizes the need to reevaluate and optimize the widespread use of glucocorticoids in lymphoid malignancies. To achieve this goal, a deep understanding of the mechanisms governing glucocorticoid responsiveness is required, yet, a recent comprehensive overview is currently lacking. In this review, we examine how glucocorticoids mediate apoptosis by detailing GR's genomic and non-genomic action mechanisms in lymphoid malignancies. We continue with a discussion of the glucocorticoid-related problems and how these are intertwined with one another. We further zoom in on glucocorticoid resistance by critically analyzing the plethora of proposed mechanisms and highlighting therapeutic opportunities that emerge from these studies. In conclusion, early detection of glucocorticoid resistance in patients remains an important challenge as this would result in a timelier treatment reorientation and reduced glucocorticoid-instigated side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Clarisse
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Fritz Offner
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
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48
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Insights into glucocorticoid responses derived from omics studies. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 218:107674. [PMID: 32910934 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid drugs are commonly used in the treatment of several conditions, including autoimmune diseases, asthma and cancer. Despite their widespread use and knowledge of biological pathways via which they act, much remains to be learned about the cell type-specific mechanisms of glucocorticoid action and the reasons why patients respond differently to them. In recent years, human and in vitro studies have addressed these questions with genomics, transcriptomics and other omics approaches. Here, we summarize key insights derived from omics studies of glucocorticoid response, and we identify existing knowledge gaps related to mechanisms of glucocorticoid action that future studies can address.
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Heat Shock Proteins Accelerate the Maturation of Brain Endothelial Cell Glucocorticoid Receptor in Focal Human Drug-Resistant Epilepsy. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4511-4529. [PMID: 32748370 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacoresistance in epilepsy is a major challenge to successful clinical therapy. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) dysregulation can affect the underlying disease pathogenesis. We recently reported that local drug biotransformation at the blood-brain barrier is upregulated by GR, which controls drug-metabolizing enzymes (e.g., cytochrome P450s, CYPs) and efflux drug transporters (MDR1) in human epileptic brain endothelial cells (EPI-ECs). Here, we establish that this mechanism is influenced upstream by GR and its association with heat shock proteins/co-chaperones (Hsps) during maturation, which differentially affect human epileptic (EPI) tissue and brain endothelial cells. Overexpressed GR, Hsp90, Hsp70, and Hsp40 were found in EPI vs. NON-EPI brain regions. Elevated neurovascular GR expression and co-localization with Hsps was evident in the EPI regions with cortical dysplasia, predominantly in the brain micro-capillaries and neurons. A corresponding increase in ATPase activity (*p < 0.05) was found in the EPI regions. The GR-Hsp90/Hsp70 binding patterns indicated a faster chaperone-promoted maturation of GR, leading to its overactivation in both the tissue and EPI-ECs derived from EPI/focal regions and GR silencing in EPI-ECs slowed such GR-Hsp interactions. Significantly accelerated GR nuclear translocation was determined in EPI-ECs following treatment with GR modulators/ligands dexamethasone, rifampicin, or phenytoin. Our findings reveal that overexpressed GR co-localizes with Hsps in the neurovasculature of EPI brain, increased GR maturation by Hsps accelerates EPI GR machinery, and furthermore this change in EPI and NON-EPI GR-Hsp interaction alters with the age of seizure onset in epileptic patients, together affecting the pathophysiology and drug regulation in the epileptic brain endothelium.
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Saka R, Jain H, Kommineni N, Chella N, Khan W. Enhanced penetration and improved therapeutic efficacy of bexarotene via topical liposomal gel in imiquimod induced psoriatic plaque model in BALB/c mice. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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