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Shao YX, Wang LL, Zhou HY, Yi ZH, Liu S, Yan C. Dampened motivation in schizophrenia: evidence from a novel effort-based decision-making task in social scenarios. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:1447-1459. [PMID: 38413455 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-024-01761-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Apathy represents a significant manifestation of negative symptoms within individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia (SCZ) and exerts a profound impact on their social relationships. However, the specific implications of this motivational deficit in social scenarios have yet to be fully elucidated. The present study aimed to examine effort-based decision-making in social scenarios and its relation to apathy symptoms in SCZ patients. We initially recruited a group of 50 healthy participants (16 males) to assess the validity of the paradigm. Subsequently, we recruited 45 individuals diagnosed with SCZ (24 males) and 49 demographically-matched healthy controls (HC, 25 males) for the main study. The Mock Job Interview Task was developed to measure effort-based decision-making in social scenarios. The proportion of hard-task choice and a range of subjective ratings were obtained to examine potential between-group differences. SCZ patients were less likely than HC to choose the hard task with strict interviewers, and this group difference was significant when the hard-task reward value was medium and high. More severe apathy symptoms were significantly correlated with an overall reduced likelihood of making a hard-task choice. When dividing the jobs into two categories based on the levels of social engagement needed, SCZ patients were less willing to expend effort to pursue a potential offer for jobs requiring higher social engagement. Our findings indicated impaired effort-based decision-making in SCZ can be generalized from the monetary/nonsocial to a more ecologically social dimension. Our findings affirm the critical role of aberrant effort allocation on negative symptoms, and may facilitate the development of targeted clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Shao
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE and STCSM), Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Room 413, Building Junxiu, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
- Leshan Hi-Tech Zone Jiaxiang Foreign Languages School, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling-Ling Wang
- School of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han-Yu Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Hui Yi
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE and STCSM), Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Room 413, Building Junxiu, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE and STCSM), Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Room 413, Building Junxiu, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China.
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China.
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Di Rosa E, Masina F, Pastorino A, Galletti E, Gambarota F, Altoè G, Edelstyn N, Mapelli D. Mood moderates the effects of prefrontal tDCS on executive functions: A meta-analysis testing the affective state-dependency hypothesis. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:920-930. [PMID: 38341155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades, numerous studies have investigated the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on cognitive functioning. However, results of these studies frequently display inconsistency and pose challenges regarding replicability. The present work aimed at testing the hypothesis of mood as potential moderator of prefrontal tDCS effects on executive functions (EF). This hypothesis refers to the relationship between mood and EF, as well as to the association of mood with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) activity. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis of 11 articles where the dlPFC was stimulated with anodal tDCS, EF were measured, and mood was assessed prior to the stimulation. We then conducted a meta-regression to examine whether mood moderated the tDCS effects on EF. RESULTS While no significant effect of tDCS on EF emerged from the meta-analysis, the meta-regression indicated that mood plays a significant role as moderator, with greater tDCS effects on EF in individuals with higher depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS The limited number of studies included, the heterogeneous samples considered, and the limited generalizability to other non-invasive brain stimulation techniques and affective states. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that evaluating mood prior to stimulation could increase the sensitivity and specificity of tDCS application, and provide the first meta-analytic evidence in favor of the affective state-dependency hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Di Rosa
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy.
| | | | | | | | - Filippo Gambarota
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology - University of Padova, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Altoè
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology - University of Padova, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Mapelli
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy
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3
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Huang J, Wang Y, Niu Y, Lui SSY, Hui L, Chan RCK. Revisiting reward impairments in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis for neuroimaging findings. Psychol Med 2023; 53:7189-7202. [PMID: 36994747 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723000703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal reward functioning is central to anhedonia and amotivation symptoms of schizophrenia (SCZ). Reward processing encompasses a series of psychological components. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the brain dysfunction related to reward processing of individuals with SCZ spectrum disorders and risks, covering multiple reward components. METHODS After a systematic literature search, 37 neuroimaging studies were identified and divided into four groups based on their target psychology components (i.e. reward anticipation, reward consumption, reward learning, effort computation). Whole-brain Seed-based d Mapping (SDM) meta-analyses were conducted for all included studies and each component. RESULTS The meta-analysis for all reward-related studies revealed reduced functional activation across the SCZ spectrum in the striatum, orbital frontal cortex, cingulate cortex, and cerebellar areas. Meanwhile, distinct abnormal patterns were found for reward anticipation (decreased activation of the cingulate cortex and striatum), reward consumption (decreased activation of cerebellum IV/V areas, insula and inferior frontal gyri), and reward learning processing (decreased activation of the striatum, thalamus, cerebellar Crus I, cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and parietal and occipital areas). Lastly, our qualitative review suggested that decreased activation of the ventral striatum and anterior cingulate cortex was also involved in effort computation. CONCLUSIONS These results provide deep insights on the component-based neuro-psychopathological mechanisms for anhedonia and amotivation symptoms of the SCZ spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghao Zhang
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jia Huang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanzhe Niu
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Simon S Y Lui
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Li Hui
- Research Center of Biological Psychiatry, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zarbo C, Zamparini M, Patrono A, Calini C, Harvey PD, Casiraghi L, Clerici M, Malvezzi M, Rocchetti M, Starace F, de Girolamo G. Ecological monitoring of emotional intensity, variability, and instability in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Results of a multicentre study. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2023; 33:e1992. [PMID: 37728161 PMCID: PMC10804261 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluating emotional experiences in the life of people with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder (SSD) is fundamental for developing interventions aimed at promoting well-being in specific times and contexts. However, little is known about emotional variability in this population. In DiAPAson project, we evaluated between- and within-person differences in emotional intensity, variability, and instability between people with SSD and healthy controls, and the association with psychiatric severity and levels of functioning. METHODS 102 individuals diagnosed with SSD (57 residential patients, 46 outpatients) and 112 healthy controls were thoroughly evaluated. Daily emotions were prospectively assessed with Experience Sampling Method eight times a day for a week. Statistical analyses included ANOVA, correlations, and generalized linear models. RESULTS Participants with SSD, and especially residential patients, had a higher intensity of negative emotions when compared to controls. Moreover, all people with SSD reported a greater between-person-variability of both positive and negative emotions and greater intra-variability of negative emotions than healthy controls. In addition, the emotion variability in people with SSD does not follow a linear or quadratic trend but is more "chaotic" if compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Adequate assessments of positive and negative emotional experiences and their time course in people with SSD can assist mental health professionals with well-being assessment, implementing targeted interventions through the identification of patterns, triggers, and potential predictors of emotional states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Zarbo
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Milano BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Manuel Zamparini
- Unit of Epidemiological and Evaluation PsychiatryIRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio FatebenefratelliBresciaItaly
| | - Alessandra Patrono
- Unit of Epidemiological and Evaluation PsychiatryIRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio FatebenefratelliBresciaItaly
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Cosima Calini
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milan BicoccaMonzaItaly
| | - Philip D. Harvey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Letizia Casiraghi
- Department of Brain and Behavioural SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- Department of Mental Health and DependenceASST of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Massimo Clerici
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milan BicoccaMonzaItaly
| | - Matteo Malvezzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community HealthUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Matteo Rocchetti
- Department of Brain and Behavioural SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- Department of Mental Health and DependenceASST of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Fabrizio Starace
- Department of Mental Health and DependenceAUSL of ModenaModenaItaly
| | - Giovanni de Girolamo
- Unit of Epidemiological and Evaluation PsychiatryIRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio FatebenefratelliBresciaItaly
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He Y, Li Z, Cao L, Han M, Tu J, Deng H, Huang Z, Geng X, Wu J. Effects of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex stimulation on network topological attributes in young individuals with high-level perceived stress: A randomized controlled trial. Psychiatry Res 2023; 326:115297. [PMID: 37320991 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with high-level perceived stress are at higher risk of developing a psychiatric disorder. While repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is effective for improving emotional symptoms, there is little evidence of its effect on perceived stress. This randomized sham-controlled trial investigated the effect of rTMS on ameliorating high-level stress and explored the associated changes in brain network activity. Fifty participants with high-level perceived stress were randomly assigned to either the active or sham rTMS group and received 12 active/sham rTMS sessions over four weeks (three per week). Perceived stress score (PSS), Chinese affective scale (CAS) normal and now statuses, and functional network topology were measured. Our results showed greater improvements in PSS and CAS_Normal scores, and reduced path length in the default mode network after active rTMS. Functional activations of the angular gyrus, posterior insula, and prefrontal cortex were also modulated in the active group. There were significant associations between posterior insula efficiency and PSS scores, and between angular efficiency and CAS_Now scores in the active group. These cumulative findings suggest rTMS as a promising intervention for recovery from high-level perceived stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youze He
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; The Academy of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhaoying Li
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lei Cao
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mengyu Han
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jingnan Tu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haiying Deng
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhenming Huang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiujuan Geng
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hongkong, China; Brain and Mind Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jingsong Wu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; The Academy of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.
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Yu L, Wu Z, Wang D, Guo C, Teng X, Zhang G, Fang X, Zhang C. Increased cortical structural covariance correlates with anhedonia in schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 9:19. [PMID: 37015933 PMCID: PMC10073085 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-023-00350-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Anhedonia is a common symptom in schizophrenia and is closely related to poor functional outcomes. Several lines of evidence reveal that the orbitofrontal cortex plays an important role in anhedonia. In the present study, we aimed to investigate abnormalities in structural covariance within the orbitofrontal subregions, and to further study their role in anticipatory and consummatory anhedonia in schizophrenia. T1 images of 35 schizophrenia patients and 45 healthy controls were obtained. The cortical thickness of 68 cerebral regions parcellated by the Desikan-Killiany (DK) atlas was calculated. The structural covariance within the orbitofrontal subregions was calculated in both schizophrenia and healthy control groups. Stepwise linear regression was performed to examine the relationship between structural covariance and anhedonia in schizophrenia patients. Patients with schizophrenia exhibited higher structural covariance between the left and right medial orbitofrontal thickness, the left lateral orbitofrontal thickness and left pars orbitalis thickness compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05, FDR corrected). This results imply that the increased structural covariance in orbitofrontal thickness may be involved in the process of developing anhedonia in schizophrenia. The result indicated that the increased structural covariance between the left and right medial orbitofrontal thickness might be a protective factor for anticipatory pleasure (B' = 0.420, p = 0.012).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfang Yu
- Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Zenan Wu
- Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Chaoyue Guo
- Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xinyue Teng
- Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Guofu Zhang
- The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214151, China
| | - Xinyu Fang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Chen Zhang
- Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Vera-Montecinos A, Rodríguez-Mias R, Vila È, Villén J, Ramos B. Analysis of networks in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in chronic schizophrenia: Relevance of altered immune response. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1003557. [PMID: 37033658 PMCID: PMC10076656 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1003557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has a crucial role in cognitive functioning and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. However, limited information of altered protein networks is available in this region in schizophrenia. We performed a proteomic analysis using single-shot liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of grey matter of postmortem DLPFC in chronic schizophrenia subjects (n = 20) and unaffected subjects (n = 20) followed by bioinformatic analysis to identify altered protein networks in schizophrenia (PXD024939 identifier in ProteomeXchange repository). Our results displayed a proteome profile in the DLPFC of 1989 proteins. 43 proteins were found significantly altered in schizophrenia. Analysis of this panel showed an enrichment of biological processes implicated in vesicle-mediated transport, processing and antigen presentation via MHC class II, intracellular transport and selenium metabolism. The enriched identified pathways were MHC class II antigen presentation, vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi ER retrograde transport, Nef mediated CD8 downregulation and the immune system. All these enriched categories were found to be downregulated. Furthermore, our network analyses showed crosstalk between proteins involved in MHC class II antigen presentation, membrane trafficking, Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport, Nef-mediated CD8 downregulation and the immune system with only one module built by 13 proteins. RAB7A showed eight interactions with proteins of all these pathways. Our results provide an altered molecular network involved in immune response in the DLPFC in schizophrenia with a central role of RAB7A. These results suggest that RAB7A or other proteins of this network could be potential targets for novel pharmacological strategies in schizophrenia for improving cognitive and negative symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- América Vera-Montecinos
- Psiquiatria Molecular, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ricard Rodríguez-Mias
- Department of Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Èlia Vila
- Psiquiatria Molecular, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Judit Villén
- Department of Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Belén Ramos
- Psiquiatria Molecular, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM (Biomedical Network Research Center of Mental Health), Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic, Spain
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Chiang SK, Liu WY, Hu TM. The effect of computerized working memory training on working memory and emotion perception for patients with chronic schizophrenia and normal cognition. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2022:1-9. [PMID: 36576049 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2159825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment and affective symptoms are hallmark features of patients with schizophrenia. This study determines whether a computerized working memory training program improves the patient's working memory and affective perception. METHODS Thirty-nine male patients with schizophrenia, aged 25-65, participated in this study. The study uses a single-blind randomized controlled design. Twenty subjects were assigned to the experimental group and received an eight-week working memory computerized training course comprising four modules of the CogniPlus system. Nineteen subjects were assigned to the control group and received treatment as usual. All subjects received the same assessments twice, including the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Working Memory Index (WMI) of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition, and the subjective rating of pictures of the International affective picture system by Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM). RESULTS This study shows that computerized working memory training improves WMI and the score for MMSE and produces a significant increase in the pleasure score for S.A.M. for negative pictures, between the pretest and post-test for the experimental group. CONCLUSIONS Working memory training improves working memory and emotion perception for patients with chronic schizophrenia and normal cognition. The limitations of this study and suggestions for future study are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wan-Yu Liu
- Chung Shan Medical Rehabilitative Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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9
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Guimond S, Ling G, Drodge J, Matheson H, Wojtalik JA, Lopez B, Collin G, Brady R, Mesholam-Gately RI, Thermenos H, Eack SM, Keshavan MS. Functional connectivity associated with improvement in emotion management after cognitive enhancement therapy in early-course schizophrenia. Psychol Med 2022; 52:2245-2254. [PMID: 33183362 PMCID: PMC10763577 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720004110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to manage emotions is an important social-cognitive domain impaired in schizophrenia and linked to functional outcome. The goal of our study was to examine the impact of cognitive enhancement therapy (CET) on the ability to manage emotions and brain functional connectivity in early-course schizophrenia. METHODS Participants were randomly assigned to CET (n = 55) or an enriched supportive therapy (EST) control group (n = 45). The resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans and measures of emotion management performances were collected at baseline, 9, and 18 months follow-up. The final sample consisted of 37 CET and 25 EST participants, including 19 CET and 12 EST participants with imaging data. Linear mixed-effects models investigated the impact of treatment on emotion management and functional connectivity from the amygdala to ventrolateral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). RESULTS The CET group showed significant improvement over time in emotion management compared to EST. Neither functional connectivity changes nor main group differences were observed following treatment. However, a significant between-group interaction showed that improved emotion management ability was associated with increased functional connectivity between the left amygdala and the left dlPFC in the CET group exclusively. CONCLUSION Our results replicate the previous work demonstrating that CET is effective at improving some aspects of social cognition in schizophrenia. We found evidence that improvement in emotion management may be associated with a change in amygdala-dlPFC connectivity. This fronto-limbic circuit may provide a mechanistic link between the biology of emotion management processes that can be enhanced in individuals with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Synthia Guimond
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Division of Public Psychiatry, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, University of Québec in Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, J8X 3X7, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - George Ling
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Division of Public Psychiatry, MA, 02115, USA
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Jessica Drodge
- Department of Psychiatry, The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Hannah Matheson
- Department of Psychiatry, The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Jessica A. Wojtalik
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Betzamel Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Division of Public Psychiatry, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Guusje Collin
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Division of Public Psychiatry, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, 3584 XC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roscoe Brady
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Division of Public Psychiatry, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Raquelle I. Mesholam-Gately
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Division of Public Psychiatry, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Heidi Thermenos
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Division of Public Psychiatry, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shaun M. Eack
- School of Social Work and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Matcheri S. Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Division of Public Psychiatry, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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10
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Bartolomeo LA, Raugh IM, Strauss GP. Deconstructing emotion regulation in schizophrenia: The nature and consequences of abnormalities in monitoring dynamics. Schizophr Res 2022; 240:135-142. [PMID: 35026598 PMCID: PMC8917994 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Prior studies implicate abnormalities at the identification, selection, and implementation stages of Gross' extended process model of emotion regulation in schizophrenia. However, it is unclear whether monitoring dynamics (i.e., emotion regulation maintenance, switching, and stopping), another critical component of the model, are also abnormal or what predicts those abnormalities. The current study evaluated switching (i.e., switching to a different emotion regulation strategy because the initial strategy was not effective) and stopping dynamics (i.e., terminating the implementation of an emotion regulation strategy) and their associated mechanisms using 6 days of ecological momentary assessment in 47 outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (SZ) and 52 healthy controls (CN). Results indicated that individuals with SZ exhibited excessive switching between emotion regulation strategies and delayed stopping compared to CN, self-efficacy moderated group differences in stopping abnormalities, and switching and stopping abnormalities were associated with different patterns of state-level positive and negative symptoms in SZ. Findings may inform psychosocial emotion regulation therapies for SZ that could incorporate elements for monitoring dynamics and associated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian M Raugh
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, United States
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11
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Smucny J, Dienel SJ, Lewis DA, Carter CS. Mechanisms underlying dorsolateral prefrontal cortex contributions to cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:292-308. [PMID: 34285373 PMCID: PMC8617156 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Kraepelin, in his early descriptions of schizophrenia (SZ), characterized the illness as having "an orchestra without a conductor." Kraepelin further speculated that this "conductor" was situated in the frontal lobes. Findings from multiple studies over the following decades have clearly implicated pathology of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) as playing a central role in the pathophysiology of SZ, particularly with regard to key cognitive features such as deficits in working memory and cognitive control. Following an overview of the cognitive mechanisms associated with DLPFC function and how they are altered in SZ, we review evidence from an array of neuroscientific approaches addressing how these cognitive impairments may reflect the underlying pathophysiology of the illness. Specifically, we present evidence suggesting that alterations of the DLPFC in SZ are evident across a range of spatial and temporal resolutions: from its cellular and molecular architecture, to its gross structural and functional integrity, and from millisecond to longer timescales. We then present an integrative model based upon how microscale changes in neuronal signaling in the DLPFC can influence synchronized patterns of neural activity to produce macrocircuit-level alterations in DLPFC activation that ultimately influence cognition and behavior. We conclude with a discussion of initial efforts aimed at targeting DLPFC function in SZ, the clinical implications of those efforts, and potential avenues for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Smucny
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Samuel J Dienel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David A Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Cameron S Carter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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12
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Abstract
Anhedonia has long been considered a cardinal symptom of schizophrenia. This symptom is strongly associated with poor functional outcome, and limited treatment options are available. While originally conceptualized as an inability to experience pleasure, recent work has consistently shown that individuals with schizophrenia have an intact capacity to experience pleasure in-the-moment. Adjacent work in basic affective neuroscience has broadened the conceptualization of anhedonia to include not only the capacity to experience pleasure but highlights important temporal affective dynamics and decision-making processes that go awry in schizophrenia. Here we detail these mechanisms for emotional and motivational impairment in people with schizophrenia including: (1) initial response to reward; (2) reward anticipation; (3) reward learning; (4) effort-cost decision-making; (5) working memory and cognitive control. We will review studies that utilized various types of rewards (e.g., monetary, social), in order to draw conclusions regarding whether findings vary by reward type. We will then discuss how modern assessment methods may best incorporate each of the mechanisms, to provide a more fine-grained understanding of anhedonia in individuals with schizophrenia. We will close by providing a discussion of relevant future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Moran
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adam J Culbreth
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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13
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Krzyzanowski DJ, Wu S, Carnovale M, Agarwal SM, Remington G, Goghari V. Trait Anhedonia in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Comparative Meta-analysis. Schizophr Bull 2021; 48:335-346. [PMID: 34891171 PMCID: PMC8886586 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Anhedonia, the reduced capacity to experience pleasure, has long been considered a prominent feature of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Many domain-specific conceptualizations of anhedonia and pleasure capacity have been developed, and there currently exist a variety of self-report assessment tools that purport to assess these various domains. The current systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO: CRD42020156169) aimed to quantify overall and domain-specific self-reported anhedonia in people with schizophrenia compared to nonpsychiatric controls. We performed a literature search of PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and Embase databases for dissertations and peer-reviewed articles published in English prior to June 2021. Studies employing a psychometrically validated self-report measure of anhedonia, pleasure experience or affect in people with schizophrenia, schizoaffective, or schizophreniform disorders; studies utilizing at least one clearly defined healthy or community control group for comparison; and studies providing sufficient data to calculate effect sizes were included in this review. Random and mixed effects meta-analyses, meta-regressions, and subgroup comparisons were run across domains of anhedonia to explore weighted mean effect sizes and their associated moderators. In total, 146 studies met inclusion criteria, yielding 390 Hedges' g effect sizes from the included comparisons. People with schizophrenia reported moderate-to-large elevations in overall and domain-specific anhedonia. A sensitivity analysis accounting for high risk of bias studies did not significantly impact results. Lastly, patient sex, education, negative symptom severity, antipsychotic class, and trait negative affect differentially moderated effect sizes across domains of anhedonia. Despite the heterogeneity inherent in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, self-reported anhedonia is ubiquitously reported across self-report measures in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Krzyzanowski
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada,Graduate Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Graduate Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada M1C 1A4; tel: +1(416) 535 8501 Ext. 36092, e-mail:
| | - Sally Wu
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada,Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Carnovale
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada,Graduate Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sri Mahavir Agarwal
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada,Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gary Remington
- Graduate Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vina Goghari
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada,Graduate Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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14
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Trotti RL, Abdelmageed S, Parker DA, Sabatinelli D, Tamminga CA, Gershon ES, Keedy SK, Keshavan MS, Pearlson GD, Sweeney JA, McDowell JE, Clementz BA. Neural Processing of Repeated Emotional Scenes in Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, and Bipolar Disorder. Schizophr Bull 2021; 47:1473-1481. [PMID: 33693875 PMCID: PMC8379546 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Impaired emotional processing and cognitive functioning are common in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorders, causing significant socioemotional disability. While a large body of research demonstrates abnormal cognition/emotion interactions in these disorders, previous studies investigating abnormalities in the emotional scene response using event-related potentials (ERPs) have yielded mixed findings, and few studies compare findings across psychiatric diagnoses. The current study investigates the effects of emotion and repetition on ERPs in a large, well-characterized sample of participants with schizophrenia-bipolar syndromes. Two ERP components that are modulated by emotional content and scene repetition, the early posterior negativity (EPN) and late positive potential (LPP), were recorded in healthy controls and participants with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder with psychosis, and bipolar disorder without psychosis. Effects of emotion and repetition were compared across groups. Results displayed significant but small effects in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, with diminished EPN amplitudes to neutral and novel scenes, reduced LPP amplitudes to emotional scenes, and attenuated effects of scene repetition. Despite significant findings, small effect sizes indicate that emotional scene processing is predominantly intact in these disorders. Multivariate analyses indicate that these mild ERP abnormalities are related to cognition, psychosocial functioning, and psychosis severity. This relationship suggests that impaired cognition, rather than diagnosis or mood disturbance, may underlie disrupted neural scene processing in schizophrenia-bipolar syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah L Trotti
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 613 Psychology Building, 125 Baldwin St., Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Sunny Abdelmageed
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 613 Psychology Building, 125 Baldwin St., Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - David A Parker
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 613 Psychology Building, 125 Baldwin St., Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Dean Sabatinelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 613 Psychology Building, 125 Baldwin St., Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Carol A Tamminga
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Elliot S Gershon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarah K Keedy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - John A Sweeney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer E McDowell
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 613 Psychology Building, 125 Baldwin St., Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Brett A Clementz
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 613 Psychology Building, 125 Baldwin St., Athens, GA 30602, USA
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15
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Bartolomeo LA, Chapman HC, Raugh IM, Strauss GP. Delay discounting in youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis and adults with schizophrenia. Psychol Med 2021; 51:1898-1905. [PMID: 32248851 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720000677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia (SZ) is typically preceded by a prodromal (i.e. pre-illness) period characterized by attenuated positive symptoms and declining functional outcome. Negative symptoms are prominent among individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis (i.e. those with prodromal syndromes) and highly predictive of conversion to illness. Mechanisms underlying negative symptoms in the CHR population are unclear. Two studies were conducted to evaluate whether abnormalities in a reward processing mechanism thought to be core to negative symptoms in SZ, value representation, also exist in CHR individuals and whether they are associated with negative symptoms transphasically. METHODS Study 1 included 33 individuals in the chronic phase of illness who have been diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (SZ) and 40 healthy controls (CN). Study 2 included 37 CHR participants and 45 CN. In both studies, participants completed the delay discounting (DD) task as a measure of value representation and the Brief Negative Symptom Scale was rated to measure negative symptoms. RESULTS Results indicated that patients with SZ had steeper discounting rates than CN, indicating impairments in value representation. However, CHR participants were unimpaired on the DD task. In both studies, steeper discounting was associated with greater severity of negative symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that deficits in value representation are associated with negative symptoms transphasically.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ian M Raugh
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, USA
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16
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Zhuang Q, Xu L, Zhou F, Yao S, Zheng X, Zhou X, Li J, Xu X, Fu M, Li K, Vatansever D, Kendrick KM, Becker B. Segregating domain-general from emotional context-specific inhibitory control systems - ventral striatum and orbitofrontal cortex serve as emotion-cognition integration hubs. Neuroimage 2021; 238:118269. [PMID: 34139360 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory control hierarchically regulates cognitive and emotional systems in the service of adaptive goal-directed behavior across changing task demands and environments. While previous studies convergently determined the contribution of prefrontal-striatal systems to general inhibitory control, findings on the specific circuits that mediate emotional context-specific impact on inhibitory control remained inconclusive. Against this background we combined an evaluated emotional Go/No Go task with fMRI in a large cohort of subjects (N=250) to segregate brain systems and circuits that mediate domain-general from emotion-specific inhibitory control. Particularly during a positive emotional context, behavioral results showed a lower accuracy for No Go trials and a faster response time for Go trials. While the dorsal striatum and lateral frontal regions were involved in inhibitory control irrespective of emotional context, activity in the ventral striatum (VS) and medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) varied as a function of emotional context. On the voxel-wise whole-brain network level, limbic and striatal systems generally exhibited highest changes in global brain connectivity during inhibitory control, while global brain connectivity of the left mOFC was less decreased during emotional contexts. Functional connectivity analyses moreover revealed that negative coupling between the VS with inferior frontal gyrus (IFG)/insula and mOFC varied as a function of emotional context. Together these findings indicate separable domain- general as well as emotional context-specific inhibitory brain systems which specifically encompass the VS and its connections with frontal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhuang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Xu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuxia Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zheng
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinqi Zhou
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jialin Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Meina Fu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Keshuang Li
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deniz Vatansever
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Keith M Kendrick
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Benjamin Becker
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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17
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Aryutova K, Paunova R, Kandilarova S, Todeva-Radneva A, Stoyanov D. Implications from translational cross-validation of clinical assessment tools for diagnosis and treatment in psychiatry. World J Psychiatry 2021; 11:169-180. [PMID: 34046313 PMCID: PMC8134869 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i5.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional therapeutic methods in psychiatry, such as psychopharmacology and psychotherapy help many people suffering from mental disorders, but in the long-term prove to be effective in a relatively small proportion of those affected. Therapeutically, resistant forms of mental disorders such as schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and bipolar disorder lead to persistent distress and dysfunction in personal, social, and professional aspects. In an effort to address these problems, the translational approach in neuroscience has initiated the inclusion of novel or modified unconventional diagnostic and therapeutic techniques with promising results. For instance, neuroimaging data sets from multiple modalities provide insight into the nature of pathophysiological mechanisms such as disruptions of connectivity, integration, and segregation of neural networks, focusing on the treatment of mental disorders through instrumental biomedical methods such as electro-convulsive therapy (ECT), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS). These methodologies have yielded promising results that have yet to be understood and improved to enhance the prognosis of the severe and persistent psychotic and affective disorders. The current review is focused on the translational approach in the management of schizophrenia and mood disorders, as well as the adaptation of new transdisciplinary diagnostic tools such as neuroimaging with concurrently administered psychopathological questionnaires and integration of the results into the therapeutic framework using various advanced instrumental biomedical tools such as ECT, TMS, tDCS and DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Aryutova
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Scientific Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Rositsa Paunova
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Scientific Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Sevdalina Kandilarova
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Scientific Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Anna Todeva-Radneva
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Scientific Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Drozdstoy Stoyanov
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Scientific Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria
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18
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Yang Z, Xiao X, Chen R, Xu X, Kong W, Zhang T. Disc1 gene down-regulation impaired synaptic plasticity and recognition memory via disrupting neural activity in mice. Brain Res Bull 2021; 171:84-90. [PMID: 33745948 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The gene of Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (Disc1) is closely related to mental diseases with cognitive deficits, but there are few studies on the changes in neural oscillations and recognition memory. Neural oscillations plays a key role in the nervous system in a dynamic form, which is closely related to advanced cognitive activities such as information processing and memory consolidation. Hence, we aimed to investigate if Disc1 knockdown disrupted the normal pattern of neural activities in the mouse hippocampus network, and determined if quantitative neural oscillation approach could be a potential diagnostic tool for mental disorders. In the study, we reported that Disc1 gene, downregulated by short-hairpin RNA (shRNA), not only induced anxiety-like behavior and sociability impairment but also damaged both synaptic plasticity and recognition memory in mice. Moreover, Disc1 knockdown mice exhibited evidently abnormal power spectral distributions, reduced phase synchronizations, and decreased phase-amplitude coupling strength compared to that of normal animals. In addition, transcriptome analyses showed that there were clearly transcriptional changes in Disc1 knockdown mice. Altogether, our findings suggest that the abnormal pattern of neural activities in the hippocampus network disrupts information processing and finally leads to the impairments of synaptic plasticity and recognition in Disc1 knockdown mice, which are possibly associated with the obstruction of neurotransmitter transmission. Importantly, the data imply that the analysis of neural oscillation pattern provides a potential diagnosis approach for mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xi Xiao
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, PR China; Tianjin International Joint Research Center for Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Runwen Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Wanzeng Kong
- Key Laboratory of Brain Machine Collaborative Intelligence of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Dianzi University, 310018, Hangzhou, PR China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, PR China.
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19
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Jiang L, Qiao K, Li C. Distance-based functional criticality in the human brain: intelligence and emotional intelligence. BMC Bioinformatics 2021; 22:32. [PMID: 33499802 PMCID: PMC7836498 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-021-03973-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anatomical distance has been identified as a key factor in the organizational principles of the human brain. On the other hand, criticality was proposed to accommodate the multiscale properties of human brain dynamics, and functional criticality based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rfMRI) is a sensitive neuroimaging marker for human brain dynamics. Hence, to explore the effects of anatomical distance of the human brain on behaviors in terms of functional criticality, we proposed a revised algorithm of functional criticality called the distance-based vertex-wise index of functional criticality, and assessed this algorithm compared with the original neighborhood-based functional criticality. Results We recruited two groups of healthy participants, including young adults and middle-aged participants, for a total of 60 datasets including rfMRI and intelligence as well as emotional intelligence to study how human brain functional criticalities at different spatial scales contribute to individual behaviors. Furthermore, we defined the average distance between the particular behavioral map and vertices with significant functional connectivity as connectivity distance. Our results demonstrated that intelligence and emotional intelligence mapped to different brain regions at different ages. Additionally, intelligence was related to a wider distance range compared to emotional intelligence. Conclusions For different age groups, our findings not only provided a linkage between intelligence/emotional intelligence and functional criticality but also quantitatively characterized individual behaviors in terms of anatomical distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China. .,Lifespan Connectomics and Behavior Team, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Kaini Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Lifespan Connectomics and Behavior Team, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Lifespan Connectomics and Behavior Team, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan, Beijing, China
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20
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Leicht G, Andreou C, Nafe T, Nägele F, Rauh J, Curic S, Schauer P, Schöttle D, Steinmann S, Mulert C. Alterations of oscillatory neuronal activity during reward processing in schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 129:80-87. [PMID: 32619750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reward system dysfunctions are considered to be a pathophysiological mechanism in schizophrenia. Electrophysiological studies of reward system functions have identified frequency-specific brain networks for the processing of positive (high-beta frequency) and negative (theta frequency) events. Remarkably, midbrain dopaminergic signalling also includes theta and high-beta frequency modes, which have been assumed to reflect tonic and phasic dopamine responses, respectively. The aim of the present study was to identify alterations of oscillatory responses to reward feedback in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS Seventeen patients with schizophrenia and 18 healthy controls performed a gambling task during recording of 64-channel electroencephalography. The theta and high-beta band total power were investigated in response to feedback events depending on feedback valence (loss or gain) and magnitude (5 vs. 25 points). RESULTS Both the increase of theta oscillatory activity in response to loss feedback (compared to gain feedback) and the increase of high-beta oscillatory activity in response to gain feedback (compared to loss feedback) were reduced in patients. The difference in high-beta responses to gain versus loss feedback in patients was associated with the severity of negative symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are consistent with current models of reward system dysfunction in schizophrenia, and indicate deficits in both cortical tonic and subcortical phasic dopamine activity, consistent with the complex dopaminergic abnormalities in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Leicht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Christina Andreou
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Till Nafe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix Nägele
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Rauh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stjepan Curic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paul Schauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Schöttle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Saskia Steinmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Mulert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany; Center of Psychiatry, Justus-Liebig University, Klinikstr. 36, 35385, Giessen, Germany
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21
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Strauss GP, Esfahlani FZ, Granholm E, Holden J, Visser KF, Bartolomeo LA, Sayama H. Mathematically Modeling Anhedonia in Schizophrenia: A Stochastic Dynamical Systems Approach. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:1191-1201. [PMID: 32103266 PMCID: PMC7505187 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anhedonia, traditionally defined as a diminished capacity for pleasure, is a core symptom of schizophrenia (SZ). However, modern empirical evidence indicates that hedonic capacity may be intact in SZ and anhedonia may be better conceptualized as an abnormality in the temporal dynamics of emotion. METHOD To test this theory, the current study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine whether abnormalities in one aspect of the temporal dynamics of emotion, sustained reward responsiveness, were associated with anhedonia. Two experiments were conducted in outpatients diagnosed with SZ (n = 28; n = 102) and healthy controls (n = 28; n = 71) who completed EMA reports of emotional experience at multiple time points in the day over the course of several days. Markov chain analyses were applied to the EMA data to evaluate stochastic dynamic changes in emotional states to determine processes underlying failures in sustained reward responsiveness. RESULTS In both studies, Markov models indicated that SZ had deficits in the ability to sustain positive emotion over time, which resulted from failures in augmentation (ie, the ability to maintain or increase the intensity of positive emotion from time t to t+1) and diminution (ie, when emotions at time t+1 are opposite in valence from emotions at time t, resulting in a decrease in the intensity of positive emotion over time). Furthermore, in both studies, augmentation deficits were associated with anhedonia. CONCLUSIONS These computational findings clarify how abnormalities in the temporal dynamics of emotion contribute to anhedonia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farnaz Zamani Esfahlani
- Department of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering, Binghamton University Binghamton, NY
| | - Eric Granholm
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Psychology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System San Diego, CA
| | - Jason Holden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Psychology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System San Diego, CA
| | | | | | - Hiroki Sayama
- Department of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering, Binghamton University Binghamton, NY
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22
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Wang Q, She S, Luo L, Li H, Ning Y, Ren J, Wu Z, Huang R, Zheng Y. Abnormal Contingent Negative Variation Drifts During Facial Expression Judgment in Schizophrenia Patients. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:274. [PMID: 32760264 PMCID: PMC7371930 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia patients often show impaired facial expression recognition, which leads to difficulties in adaptation to daily life. However, it remains unclear whether the deficit is at the perceptual or higher cognitive level of facial emotion processing. Recent studies have shown that earlier face-evoked event-related potential (ERP) components such as N170 and P100 can effectively distinguish schizophrenia patients from healthy controls; however, findings for later waveforms are ambiguous. To clarify this point, in this study we compared electroencephalographic signals in schizophrenia patients and control subjects during a facial expression judgment task. We found that group effects of the occipital N170 and frontal lobe contingent negative variation (CNV) were both significant. The effect sizes (ESs) of N170 and CNV amplitudes were generally medium or small, whereas that of CNV slope for an upright face was large (>0.8). Moreover, N170 amplitude and CNV slope but not CNV amplitude was correlated with Personal and Social Performance (PSP) Scale score. These results suggest that the slope of CNV drift during facial expression processing has a potential clinical value for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shenglin She
- Department of General Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Luo
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Haijing Li
- Department of General Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Ning
- Department of General Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianjuan Ren
- Department of General Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhangying Wu
- Department of General Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongcheng Huang
- Department of General Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Zheng
- Department of General Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
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23
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Kostova R, Cecere R, Thut G, Uhlhaas PJ. Targeting cognition in schizophrenia through transcranial direct current stimulation: A systematic review and perspective. Schizophr Res 2020; 220:300-310. [PMID: 32204971 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are a fundamental feature of schizophrenia for which currently no effective treatments exist. This paper examines the possibility to use transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to target cognitive deficits in schizophrenia as evidence from studies in healthy participants suggests that tDCS may improve cognitive functions and associated neural processes. We carried out a systematic review with the following search terms: 'tDCS', 'electric brain stimulation', 'schizophrenia', 'cognitive', 'cognition' until March 2019. 659 records were identified initially, 612 of which were excluded after abstract screening. The remaining 47 articles were assessed for eligibility based on our criteria and 26 studies were excluded. In addition, we compared several variables, such as online vs. offline-stimulation protocols, stimulation type and intensity on mediating positive vs. negative study outcomes. The majority of studies (n = 21) identified significant behavioural and neural effects on a range of cognitive functions (versus n = 11 with null results), including working memory, attention and social cognition. However, we could not identify tDCS parameters (electrode montage, stimulation protocol, type and intensity) that clearly mediated effects on cognitive deficits. There is preliminary evidence for the possibility that tDCS may improve cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. We discuss the rationale and strength of evidence for using tDCS for targeting cognitive deficits in schizophrenia as well as methodological issues and potential mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kostova
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - R Cecere
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - G Thut
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Peter J Uhlhaas
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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24
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Wang LL, Yan C, Shao YX, Lv QY, Neumann D, Ettinger U, Cheung EFC, Yi ZH, Chan RCK. Revisiting anticipatory hedonic processing in patients with schizophrenia: An examination between representation activation and maintenance. Schizophr Res 2020; 216:138-146. [PMID: 31882275 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anticipatory anhedonia is one of the key deficits found in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). However, the underlying mechanism of this deficit remains unclear. The present study examined whether representation activation and maintenance capacity influenced anticipatory experiences in SCZ patients. METHODS We recruited 46 SCZ patients (26 males) and 45 matched healthy controls (24 males). The Reward Representation Activation and Maintenance (RRAM) Task was administrated to assess anticipatory experience and representation activation and maintenance capacity. RESULTS SCZ patients exhibited lower subjective arousal than controls in anticipation of rewards with high probability when representation activation and maintenance were difficult to accomplish. SCZ patients also tended to reduce their button presses more than HC when they were required to maintain reward representation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that representation activation and maintenance may partially account for anticipatory anhedonia observed in SCZ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE&STCSM), Shanghai Changning-ECNU Mental Health Center, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, China; Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE&STCSM), Shanghai Changning-ECNU Mental Health Center, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, China.
| | - Yu-Xin Shao
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE&STCSM), Shanghai Changning-ECNU Mental Health Center, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, China
| | - Qin-Yu Lv
- Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - David Neumann
- School of Applied Psychology, Health Group, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Eric F C Cheung
- Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Zheng-Hui Yi
- Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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25
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Dugré JR, Bitar N, Dumais A, Potvin S. Limbic Hyperactivity in Response to Emotionally Neutral Stimuli in Schizophrenia: A Neuroimaging Meta-Analysis of the Hypervigilant Mind. Am J Psychiatry 2019; 176:1021-1029. [PMID: 31509006 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.19030247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It has long been assumed that paranoid ideation may stem from an aberrant limbic response to threatening stimuli. However, results from functional neuroimaging studies using negative emotional stimuli have failed to confirm this assumption. One of the potential reasons for the lack of effect is that study participants with psychosis may display aberrant brain responses to neutral material rather than to threatening stimuli. The authors conducted a functional neuroimaging meta-analysis to test this hypothesis. METHODS A literature search was performed with PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase to identify functional neuroimaging studies examining brain responses to neutral material in patients with psychosis. A total of 23 studies involving schizophrenia patients were retrieved. Using t-maps of peak coordinates to calculate effect sizes, a random-effects model meta-analysis was performed with the anisotropic effect-size version of Seed-based d Mapping software. RESULTS In schizophrenia patients relative to healthy control subjects, increased activations were observed in the left and right amygdala and parahippocampus and the left putamen, hippocampus, and insula in response to neutral stimuli. CONCLUSIONS Given that several limbic regions were found to be more activated in schizophrenia patients than in control subjects, the results of this meta-analysis strongly suggest that these patients confer aberrant emotional significance to nonthreatening stimuli. In theory, this abnormal brain reactivity may fuel delusional thoughts. Studies are needed in individuals at risk of psychosis to determine whether aberrant limbic reactivity to neutral stimuli is an early neurofunctional marker of psychosis vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules R Dugré
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal (all authors); Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal (all authors); and Institut Philippe-Pinel de Montréal, Montreal (Dumais)
| | - Nathalie Bitar
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal (all authors); Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal (all authors); and Institut Philippe-Pinel de Montréal, Montreal (Dumais)
| | - Alexandre Dumais
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal (all authors); Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal (all authors); and Institut Philippe-Pinel de Montréal, Montreal (Dumais)
| | - Stéphane Potvin
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal (all authors); Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal (all authors); and Institut Philippe-Pinel de Montréal, Montreal (Dumais)
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26
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Li X, Chu MY, Lv QY, Hu HX, Li Z, Yi ZH, Wang JH, Zhang JY, Lui SSY, Cheung EFC, Shum DHK, Chan RCK. The remediation effects of working memory training in schizophrenia patients with prominent negative symptoms. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2019; 24:434-453. [PMID: 31583951 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2019.1674644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Negative symptoms, particularly amotivation and anhedonia, are important predictors of poor functional outcome in patients with schizophrenia. There has been interest in the efficacy and mechanism of non-pharmacological interventions to alleviate these symptoms. The present study aimed to examine the remediation effect of working memory (WM) training in patients with schizophrenia with prominent negative symptoms.Methods: Thirty-one schizophrenia patients with prominent negative symptoms were recruited and assigned to either a WM training group or a treatment-as-usual (TAU) control group. The WM training group underwent 20 sessions of training using the dual n-back task over one month. A functional neuroimaging paradigm of the Affective Incentive Delay (AID) task was administered before and after the training intervention to evaluate the remediation effect of the intervention.Results: Our results showed that the WM training group demonstrated significant improvement in the WM training task and inattention symptoms. Compared with the TAU group, increased brain activations were observed at the right insula and the right frontal sub-gyral after WM training in the training group.Conclusions: These findings support the efficacy of WM training in ameliorating hedonic dysfunction in schizophrenia patients with prominent negative symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior(CCNU), Ministry of Education, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Yi Chu
- Translational Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin-Yu Lv
- Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Xin Hu
- Translational Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Li
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Hui Yi
- Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Hong Wang
- MRI Center, Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ye Zhang
- MRI Center, Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Simon S Y Lui
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Eric F C Cheung
- Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, People's Republic of China
| | - David H K Shum
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Translational Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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27
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Öngür D, Carter CS, Gur RE, Perkins D, Sawa A, Seidman LJ, Tamminga C, Huggins W, Hamilton C. Common Data Elements for National Institute of Mental Health-Funded Translational Early Psychosis Research. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2019; 5:10-22. [PMID: 31439493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The National Institutes of Health has established the PhenX Toolkit as a web-based resource containing consensus measures freely available to the research community. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) has introduced the Mental Health Research Core Collection as part of the PhenX Toolkit and recently convened the PhenX Early Psychosis Working Group to generate the PhenX Early Psychosis Specialty Collection. The Working Group consisted of two complementary panels for clinical and translational research. We review the process, deliberations, and products of the translational research panel. The Early Psychosis Specialty Collection rationale for measure selection as well as additional information and protocols for obtaining each measure are available on the PhenX website (https://www.phenxtoolkit.org). The NIMH strongly encourages investigators to use instruments from the PhenX Mental Health Research Collections in NIMH-funded studies and discourages use of alternative measures to collect similar data without justification. We also discuss some of the potential advances that can be achieved by collecting common data elements across large-scale longitudinal studies of early psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dost Öngür
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts.
| | - Cameron S Carter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Diana Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Larry J Seidman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carol Tamminga
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas
| | - Wayne Huggins
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Carol Hamilton
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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28
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Abstract
Previous studies have found that people with schizophrenia report more negative affect (NA) in response to positive and neutral stimuli (incongruent NA) than people without schizophrenia, perhaps related to heightened overall NA. We sought to decrease NA and increase positive affect (PA) using the Broad-Minded Affective Coping (BMAC) procedure in people with (n = 29) and without (n = 26) schizophrenia. We also investigated whether decreased NA would contribute to a decrease in incongruent NA in people with schizophrenia. The BMAC procedure increased PA but did not decrease NA in participants, nor did it influence reports of incongruent NA (in response to positive and neutral films) in people with schizophrenia. Baseline NA in people with schizophrenia was correlated with incongruent NA and symptom severity. Results indicate that people with schizophrenia report heightened NA that does not readily diminish in the face of heightened PA.
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29
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Cho YT, Lam NH, Starc M, Santamauro N, Savic A, Diehl CK, Schleifer CH, Moujaes F, Srihari VH, Repovs G, Murray JD, Anticevic A. Effects of reward on spatial working memory in schizophrenia. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 127:695-709. [PMID: 30335439 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Reward processing and cognition are disrupted in schizophrenia (SCZ), yet how these processes interface is unknown. In SCZ, deficits in reward representation may affect motivated, goal-directed behaviors. To test this, we examined the effects of monetary reward on spatial working memory (WM) performance in patients with SCZ. To capture complimentary effects, we tested biophysically grounded computational models of neuropharmacologic manipulations onto a canonical fronto-parietal association cortical microcircuit capable of WM computations. Patients with SCZ (n = 33) and healthy control subjects (HCS; n = 32) performed a spatial WM task with 2 reward manipulations: reward cues presented prior to each trial, or contextually prior to a block of trials. WM performance was compared with cortical circuit models of WM subjected to feed-forward glutamatergic excitation, feed-forward GABAergic inhibition, or recurrent modulation strengthening local connections. Results demonstrated that both groups improved WM performance to reward cues presented prior to each trial (HCS d = -0.62; SCZ d = -1.0), with percent improvement correlating with baseline WM performance (r = .472, p < .001). However, rewards presented contextually before a block of trials did not improve WM performance in patients with SCZ (d = 0.01). Modeling simulations achieved improved WM precision through strengthened local connections via neuromodulation, or feed-forward inhibition. Taken together, this work demonstrates that patients with SCZ can improve WM performance to short-term, but not longer-term rewards-thus, motivated behaviors may be limited by strength of reward representation. A potential mechanism for transiently improved WM performance may be strengthening of local fronto-parietal microcircuit connections via neuromodulation or feed-forward inhibitory drive. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsun T Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Flora Moujaes
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Vinod H Srihari
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Grega Repovs
- Department of Psychology, University of Ljubljana
| | - John D Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine
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30
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Park J, Chun JW, Park HJ, Kim E, Kim JJ. Involvement of amygdala-prefrontal dysfunction in the influence of negative emotion on the resolution of cognitive conflict in patients with schizophrenia. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e01064. [PMID: 30004191 PMCID: PMC6085922 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with schizophrenia often have impaired cognition and abnormal conflict control. Conflict control is influenced by the emotional values of stimuli. This study investigated the neural basis of negative emotion interference with conflict control in schizophrenia. METHODS Seventeen patients with schizophrenia and 20 healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing the emotional Simon task, in which positive or negative emotional pictures were located in congruent or incongruent positions. Analysis was focused on identifying brain regions with the significant interaction among group, emotion, and conflict in whole brain voxel-wise analysis, and abnormality in their functional connectivity in the patient group. RESULTS The regions showing the targeted interaction was the right amygdala, which exhibited significantly reduced activity in the negative congruent (t = -2.168, p = 0.036) and negative incongruent (t = -3.273, p = 0.002) conditions in patients versus controls. The right amygdala also showed significantly lower connectivity with the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the cognitive and emotional loading contrast (negative incongruent-positive congruent) in patients versus controls (t = -5.154, p < 0.01), but not in the cognitive-only or emotional-only loading contrast. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that negative emotion interferes with cognitive conflict resolution in patients with schizophrenia due to amygdala-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex disconnection. Based on these findings, interventions targeting conflict control under negative emotional influence may promote cognitive rehabilitation in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaesub Park
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ji-Won Chun
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-Jeong Park
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eosu Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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31
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Social motivation in schizophrenia: How research on basic reward processes informs and limits our understanding. Clin Psychol Rev 2018; 63:12-24. [PMID: 29870953 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Limited quantity and quality of interpersonal exchanges and relationships predict worse symptomatic and hospitalization outcomes and limit functional recovery in people with schizophrenia. While deficits in social skills and social cognition contribute to much of the impairment in social functioning in schizophrenia, our focus on the current review is social motivation-the drive to connect with others and form meaningful, lasting relationships. We pay particular attention to how recent research on reward informs, and limits, our understanding of the construct. Recent findings that parse out key components of human motivation, especially the temporal nature of reward and effort, are informative for understanding some aspects of social motivation. This approach, however, fails to fully integrate the critical influence of uncertainty and punishment (e.g., avoidance, threat) in social motivation. In the current review, we argue for the importance of experimental paradigms and real-time measurement to capture the interaction between social approach and avoidance in characterizing social affiliation in schizophrenia. We end with suggestions for how researchers might move the field forward by emphasizing the ecological validity of social motivation paradigms, including dynamic, momentary assessment of social reward and punishment using mobile technology and other innovative tools.
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32
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Li RR, Lyu HL, Liu F, Lian N, Wu RR, Zhao JP, Guo WB. Altered functional connectivity strength and its correlations with cognitive function in subjects with ultra-high risk for psychosis at rest. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:1140-1148. [PMID: 29691990 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Evidence of altered structural and functional connectivity in the frontal-occipital network is associated with cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia. However, the altered patterns of functional connectivity strength (FCS) in individuals with ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis remain unknown. In this study, whole-brain FCS was assessed to examine the altered patterns of FCS in UHR subjects. METHODS A total of 34 UHR subjects and 37 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled to undergo resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The imaging data were analyzed using the graph theory method. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, UHR subjects showed significantly decreased FCS in the left middle frontal gyrus and significantly increased FCS in the left calcarine cortex. The FCS values in the left middle frontal gyrus were positively correlated to the scores of the Brief Assessments of Cognitionin Schizophrenia Symbol Coding Test (r = 0.366, P = 0.033) in the UHR subjects. A negative correlation was found between the FCS values in the left calcarine cortex and the scores of the Stroop color-naming test (r = -0.475, P = 0.016) in the UHR subjects. A combination of the FCS values in the 2 brain areas showed an accuracy of 87.32%, a sensitivity of 73.53%, and a specificity of 100% for distinguishing UHR subjects from healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Significantly altered FCS in the frontal-occipital network is observed in the UHR subjects. Furthermore, decreased FCS in the left middle frontal gyrus and increased FCS in the left calcarine have significant correlations with the cognitive measures of the UHR subjects and thus improve our understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of schizophrenia. Moreover, a combination of the FCS values in the 2 brain areas can serve as a potential image marker to distinguish UHR subjects from healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran-Ran Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hai-Long Lyu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Lian
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ren-Rong Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing-Ping Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Bin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Campellone TR, Truong B, Gard D, Schlosser DA. Social motivation in people with recent-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 99:96-103. [PMID: 29428842 PMCID: PMC5849532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
People with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSD) often experience impairments in non-social motivation. In this study, we extended this line of investigation by examining specific components of social motivation and the extent to which these components work together in people with and without a recent-onset SSD. Sixty-four people with a recent-onset SSD and 26 controls completed a task that allowed us to examine changes in anticipated pleasure, decisions to trust, and effort expenditure over the course of repeated interactions with positive or negative outcomes. Compared to controls, we found that people in the SSD group placed less trust, tended to anticipate less pleasure, and expended less effort to increase the likelihood of future interactions with positive outcomes. Further, in the SSD group, effort expenditure was not associated with either anticipated pleasure or decisions to trust. While there were no group differences in anticipated pleasure or trust placed during interactions with negative outcomes, people in the SSD group expended less effort to decrease to the likelihood of future interactions. Taken together, our findings suggest that people with a recent-onset SSD may experience both impairment and disconnection between various components of social motivation for interactions with positive outcomes. Implications for interventions for social engagement in people with SSD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Campellone
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Brandy Truong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - David Gard
- Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, USA
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Han D, Li M, Mei M, Sun X. The functional and structural characteristics of the emotion network in alexithymia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:991-998. [PMID: 29695908 PMCID: PMC5905825 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s154601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alexithymia is a multifaceted personality trait characterized by emotional dysfunction. METHODS In this study, the functional and structural features of the emotion network in alexithymia were investigated using resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI), voxel-based morphometry (VBM), functional connectivity (FC) analysis, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Alexithymic and non-alexithymic students were recruited from the local university. The intrinsic neural activity and gray matter density of the brain regions in the emotion network were measured using rsfMRI and VBM; the FC and structural connectivity of the brain regions in the emotion network were measured using FC analysis and DTI. RESULTS The altered intrinsic neural activity in V1, rostral dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and left amygdala, and the weak FC between V1 and left superior temporal gyrus and V1 and left paracentral lobule in alexithymia subjects were identified. However, no alteration of the structure and structural connectivity of the emotion network was identified. CONCLUSION The results indicated that the development of alexithymia might have been caused only by slight alteration of the neural activity. Furthermore, the results suggest that noninvasive treatment technologies for improving the brain activity are suitable for alexithymic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Han
- Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Children and Adolescents Mental Health Joint Clinic, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mei Li
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minjun Mei
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Fang Y, Li M, Mei M, Sun X, Han D. Characteristics of brain functional and structural connectivity in alexithymic students. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:2609-2615. [PMID: 30349259 PMCID: PMC6186308 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s174015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alexithymia is a multifaceted personality trait and a risk factor for several mental and physical diseases. METHODS In this study, 21 alexithymic students and 21 nonalexithymic students were recruited from the local university and assigned to the alexithymic group and the control group, respectively. Then, the functional connectivity and the structural connectivity among the brain regions of the students were investigated using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI), function connection (FC) analysis, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). RESULTS The rsfMRI results revealed 14 brain regions showing significant differences in the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations between the two groups. Comparative analysis of the FC and DTI data in these brain regions between the two groups identified altered levels of functional and structural connectivity between the following four pairs of regions in the alexithymic subjects: the right inferior temporal gyrus and the central posterior gyrus, the left temporal gyrus and the insula, and the bilateral superior frontal gyrus and the anterior cingulate gyrus. CONCLUSION Compared with single MRI analysis, the multiple MRI analysis identified more precisely the brain regions that could play a key role in the development of alexithymia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantong Fang
- Children and Adolescents Mental Health Joint Clinic, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China,
| | - Mei Li
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Minjun Mei
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai Han
- Children and Adolescents Mental Health Joint Clinic, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, .,Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, .,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China,
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Szabó ÁG, Farkas K, Marosi C, Kozák LR, Rudas G, Réthelyi J, Csukly G. Impaired mixed emotion processing in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia: an fMRI study. BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:391. [PMID: 29216861 PMCID: PMC5721596 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1558-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia has a negative effect on the activity of the temporal and prefrontal cortices in the processing of emotional facial expressions. However no previous research focused on the evaluation of mixed emotions in schizophrenia, albeit they are frequently expressed in everyday situations and negative emotions are frequently expressed by mixed facial expressions. METHODS Altogether 37 subjects, 19 patients with schizophrenia and 18 healthy control subjects were enrolled in the study. The two study groups did not differ in age and education. The stimulus set consisted of 10 fearful (100%), 10 happy (100%), 10 mixed fear (70% fear and 30% happy) and 10 mixed happy facial expressions. During the fMRI acquisition pictures were presented in a randomized order and subjects had to categorize expressions by button press. RESULTS A decreased activation was found in the patient group during fear, mixed fear and mixed happy processing in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and the right anterior insula (RAI) at voxel and cluster level after familywise error correction. No difference was found between study groups in activations to happy facial condition. Patients with schizophrenia did not show a differential activation between mixed happy and happy facial expression similar to controls in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). CONCLUSIONS Patients with schizophrenia showed decreased functioning in right prefrontal regions responsible for salience signaling and valence evaluation during emotion recognition. Our results indicate that fear and mixed happy/fear processing are impaired in schizophrenia, while happy facial expression processing is relatively intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám György Szabó
- 0000 0001 0942 9821grid.11804.3cMR Research Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kinga Farkas
- 0000 0001 0942 9821grid.11804.3cDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa 6, Budapest, 1083 Hungary
| | - Csilla Marosi
- 0000 0001 0942 9821grid.11804.3cDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa 6, Budapest, 1083 Hungary
| | - Lajos R. Kozák
- 0000 0001 0942 9821grid.11804.3cMR Research Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Rudas
- 0000 0001 0942 9821grid.11804.3cMR Research Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Réthelyi
- 0000 0001 0942 9821grid.11804.3cDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa 6, Budapest, 1083 Hungary
| | - Gábor Csukly
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa 6, Budapest, 1083, Hungary.
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Zhang B, Lin P, Shi H, Öngür D, Auerbach RP, Wang X, Yao S, Wang X. Mapping anhedonia-specific dysfunction in a transdiagnostic approach: an ALE meta-analysis. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 10:920-39. [PMID: 26487590 PMCID: PMC4838562 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-015-9457-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Anhedonia is a prominent symptom in neuropsychiatric disorders, most markedly in major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia (SZ). Emerging evidence indicates an overlap in the neural substrates of anhedonia between MDD and SZ, which supported a transdiagnostic approach. Therefore, we used activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies in MDD and SZ to examine the neural bases of three subdomains of anhedonia: consummatory anhedonia, anticipatory anhedonia and emotional processing. ALE analysis focused specifically on MDD or SZ was used later to dissociate specific anhedonia-related neurobiological impairments from potential disease general impairments. ALE results revealed that consummatory anhedonia was associated with decreased activation in ventral basal ganglia areas, while anticipatory anhedonia was associated with more substrates in frontal-striatal networks except the ventral striatum, which included the dorsal anterior cingulate, middle frontal gyrus and medial frontal gyrus. MDD and SZ patients showed similar neurobiological impairments in anticipatory and consummatory anhedonia, but differences in the emotional experience task, which may also involve affective/mood general processing. These results support that anhedonia is characterized by alterations in reward processing and relies on frontal-striatal brain circuitry. The transdiagnostic approach is a promising way to reveal the overall neurobiological framework that contributes to anhedonia and could help to improve targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhang
- Medical Psychological Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin (M) Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Huqing Shi
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, People's Republic of China
| | - Dost Öngür
- Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Randy P Auerbach
- Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Xiaosheng Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqiao Yao
- Medical Psychological Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin (M) Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Medical Psychological Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin (M) Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
While people with schizophrenia report experiencing as much emotion in the presence of emotionally evocative stimuli as do people without schizophrenia, evidence suggests that they have deficits in the anticipation of positive emotion. However, little is known about the anticipation of negative emotion in schizophrenia, thus leaving open whether anticipation deficits are more general. We sought to assess anticipation of positive and negative stimuli across multiple methods of measurement. We measured reported experience and emotion modulated startle response in people with (n = 27) and without (n = 27) schizophrenia as they anticipated and subsequently viewed evocative pictures. People with schizophrenia showed an overall dampened response during the anticipation of positive and negative stimuli, suggesting a more general deficit in anticipatory emotional responses. Moreover, anticipatory responses were related to symptoms and functioning in people with schizophrenia. Together, these findings point to important new directions for understanding emotion deficits in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Moran
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
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Deserno L, Heinz A, Schlagenhauf F. Computational approaches to schizophrenia: A perspective on negative symptoms. Schizophr Res 2017; 186:46-54. [PMID: 27986430 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous spectrum disorder often associated with detrimental negative symptoms. In recent years, computational approaches to psychiatry have attracted growing attention. Negative symptoms have shown some overlap with general cognitive impairments and were also linked to impaired motivational processing in brain circuits implementing reward prediction. In this review, we outline how computational approaches may help to provide a better understanding of negative symptoms in terms of the potentially underlying behavioural and biological mechanisms. First, we describe the idea that negative symptoms could arise from a failure to represent reward expectations to enable flexible behavioural adaptation. It has been proposed that these impairments arise from a failure to use prediction errors to update expectations. Important previous studies focused on processing of so-called model-free prediction errors where learning is determined by past rewards only. However, learning and decision-making arise from multiple cognitive mechanisms functioning simultaneously, and dissecting them via well-designed tasks in conjunction with computational modelling is a promising avenue. Second, we move on to a proof-of-concept example on how generative models of functional imaging data from a cognitive task enable the identification of subgroups of patients mapping on different levels of negative symptoms. Combining the latter approach with behavioural studies regarding learning and decision-making may allow the identification of key behavioural and biological parameters distinctive for different dimensions of negative symptoms versus a general cognitive impairment. We conclude with an outlook on how this computational framework could, at some point, enrich future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Deserno
- Max Planck Fellow Group 'Cognitive and Affective Control of Behavioral Adaptation', Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Max Planck Fellow Group 'Cognitive and Affective Control of Behavioral Adaptation', Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Schlagenhauf
- Max Planck Fellow Group 'Cognitive and Affective Control of Behavioral Adaptation', Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Kaiser S, Lyne J, Agartz I, Clarke M, Mørch-Johnsen L, Faerden A. Individual negative symptoms and domains - Relevance for assessment, pathomechanisms and treatment. Schizophr Res 2017; 186:39-45. [PMID: 27453425 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The negative symptoms of schizophrenia can be divided into two domains. Avolition/apathy includes the individual symptoms of avolition, asociality and anhedonia. Diminished expression includes blunted affect and alogia. Until now, causes and treatment of negative symptoms have remained a major challenge, which is partially related to the focus on negative symptoms as a broad entity. Here, we propose that negative symptoms may become more tractable when the different domains and individual symptoms are taken into account. There is now increasing evidence that the relationship with clinical variables - in particular outcome - differs between the domains of avolition/apathy and diminished expression. Regarding models of negative symptom formation, those relevant to avolition/apathy are now converging on processes underlying goal-directed behavior and dysfunctions of the reward system. In contrast, models of the diminished expression domains are only beginning to emerge. The aim of this article is to review the specific clinical, behavioral and neural correlates of individual symptoms and domains as a better understanding of these areas may facilitate specific treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kaiser
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - John Lyne
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland; North Dublin Mental Health Services, Ashlin Centre, Beaumont Road, Dublin 9, Ireland; Dublin and East Treatment and Early Care Team (DETECT) Services, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway; NORMENT and K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mary Clarke
- Dublin and East Treatment and Early Care Team (DETECT) Services, Dublin, Ireland; College of Life Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lynn Mørch-Johnsen
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway; NORMENT and K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ann Faerden
- NORMENT and K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Nusslock R, Alloy LB. Reward processing and mood-related symptoms: An RDoC and translational neuroscience perspective. J Affect Disord 2017; 216:3-16. [PMID: 28237133 PMCID: PMC6661152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two objectives of the NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative are to identify (a) mechanisms that are common to multiple psychiatric disorders, and (b) mechanisms that are unique to specific psychiatric symptoms, and that reflect markers of differential risk for these symptoms. With respect to these objectives, a brain-behavior dimension that has received considerable attention and that is directly relevant to the Positive Valence Systems domain of the RDoC initiative involves reward processing. METHODS The present review paper first examines the relationship between reward processing and mood-related symptoms from an RDoC perspective. We then place this work in a larger context by examining the relationship between reward processing abnormalities and psychiatric symptoms defined broadly, including mood-related symptoms, schizophrenia, and addiction. RESULTS Our review suggests that reward hyposensitivity relates to a subtype of anhedonia characterized by motivational deficits in unipolar depression, and reward hypersensitivity relates to a cluster of hypo/manic symptoms characterized by excessive approach motivation in the context of bipolar disorder. Integrating this perspective with research on reward processing abnormalities in schizophrenia and addiction, we further argue that the principles of equifinality and multifinality may be preferable to a transdiagnostic perspective for conceptualizing the relationship between reward processing and psychiatric symptoms defined broadly. CONCLUSION We propose that vulnerability to either motivational anhedonia or approach-related hypo/manic symptoms involve extreme and opposite profiles of reward processing. We further propose that an equifinality and multifinality perspective may serve as a useful framework for future research on reward processing abnormalities and psychiatric symptoms.
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Abstract
In the DSM5, negative symptoms are 1 of the 5 core dimensions of psychopathology evaluated for schizophrenia. However, negative symptoms are not pathognomonic-they are also part of the diagnostic criteria for other schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, disorders that sometimes have comorbid psychosis, diagnoses not in the schizophrenia-spectrum, and the general "nonclinical" population. Although etiological models of negative symptoms have been developed for chronic schizophrenia, there has been little attention given to whether these models have transdiagnostic applicability. In the current review, we examine areas of commonality and divergence in the clinical presentation and etiology of negative symptoms across diagnostic categories. It was concluded that negative symptoms are relatively frequent across diagnostic categories, but individual disorders may differ in whether their negative symptoms are persistent/transient or primary/secondary. Evidence for separate dimensions of volitional and expressive symptoms exists, and there may be multiple mechanistic pathways to the same symptom phenomenon among DSM-5 disorders within and outside the schizophrenia-spectrum (ie, equifinality). Evidence for a novel transdiagnostic etiological model is presented based on the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) constructs, which proposes the existence of 2 such pathways-a hedonic pathway and a cognitive pathway-that can both lead to expressive or volitional symptoms. To facilitate treatment breakthroughs, future transdiagnostic studies on negative symptoms are warranted that explore mechanisms underlying volitional and expressive pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory P Strauss
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin Street, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Alex S Cohen
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
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A neuroimaging study of emotion-cognition interaction in schizophrenia: the effect of ziprasidone treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:1045-1058. [PMID: 28210783 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4533-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Functional and structural brain changes associated with the cognitive processing of emotional visual stimuli were assessed in schizophrenic patients after 16 weeks of antipsychotic treatment with ziprasidone. Forty-five adults aged 18 to 40 were recruited: 15 schizophrenia patients (DSM-IV criteria) treated with ziprasidone (mean daily dose = 120 mg), 15 patients treated with other antipsychotics, and 15 healthy controls who did not receive any medication. Functional and structural neuroimaging data were acquired at baseline and 16 weeks after treatment initiation. In each session, participants selected stimuli, taken from standardized sets, based on their emotional valence. After ziprasidone treatment, several prefrontal regions, typically involved in cognitive control (anterior cingulate and ventrolateral prefrontal cortices), were significantly activated in patients in response to positive versus negative stimuli. This effect was greater whenever they had to select negative compared to positive stimuli, indicating an asymmetric effect of cognitive treatment of emotionally laden information. No such changes were observed for patients under other antipsychotics. In addition, there was an increase in the brain volume commonly recruited by healthy controls and patients under ziprasidone, in response to cognitive processing of emotional information. The structural analysis showed no significant changes in the density of gray and white matter in ziprasidone-treated patients compared to patients receiving other antipsychotic treatments. Our results suggest that functional changes in brain activity after ziprasidone medication precede structural and clinical manifestations, as markers that the treatment is efficient in restoring the functionality of prefrontal circuits involved in processing emotionally laden information in schizophrenia.
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Abstract
Prior studies have concluded that schizophrenia patients are not anhedonic because they do not report reduced experience of positive emotion to pleasant stimuli. The current study challenged this view by applying quantitative methods validated in the Evaluative Space Model of emotional experience to test the hypothesis that schizophrenia patients evidence a reduction in the normative "positivity offset" (i.e., the tendency to experience higher levels of positive than negative emotional output when stimulus input is absent or weak). Participants included 76 schizophrenia patients and 60 healthy controls who completed an emotional experience task that required reporting the level of positive emotion, negative emotion, and arousal to photographs. Results indicated that although schizophrenia patients evidenced intact capacity to experience positive emotion at high levels of stimulus input, they displayed a diminished positivity offset. Reductions in the positivity offset may underlie volitional disturbance, limiting approach behaviors toward novel stimuli in neutral environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bern G Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - James M Gold
- Department of Psychiatry and Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine
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Minzenberg MJ, Lesh T, Niendam T, Yoon JH, Cheng Y, Rhoades RN, Carter CS. Frontal Motor Cortex Activity During Reactive Control Is Associated With Past Suicidal Behavior in Recent-Onset Schizophrenia. CRISIS 2016; 36:363-70. [PMID: 26502787 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is prevalent in schizophrenia (SZ), yet the neural system functions that confer suicide risk remain obscure. Circuits operated by the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are altered in SZ, including those that support reactive control, and PFC changes are observed in postmortem studies of heterogeneous suicide victims. AIMS We tested whether history of suicide attempt is associated with altered frontal motor cortex activity during reactive control processes. METHOD We evaluated 17 patients with recent onset of DSM-IV-TR-defined SZ using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale and functional magnetic resonance imaging during Stroop task performance. Group-level regression models relating past suicidal behavior to frontal activation controlled for depression, psychosis, and impulsivity. RESULTS Past suicidal behavior was associated with relatively higher activation in the left-hemisphere supplementary motor area (SMA), pre-SMA, premotor cortex, and dorsolateral PFC, all ipsilateral to the active primary motor cortex. CONCLUSION This study provides unique evidence that suicidal behavior in patients with recent-onset SZ directly relates to frontal motor cortex activity during reactive control, in a pattern reciprocal to the relationship with proactive control found previously. Further work should address how frontal-based control functions change with risk over time, and their potential utility as a biomarker for interventions to mitigate suicide risk in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Minzenberg
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tyler Lesh
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Tara Niendam
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jong H Yoon
- 4 Department of Psychiatry, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Yaoan Cheng
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Remy N Rhoades
- 4 Department of Psychiatry, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Cameron S Carter
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA.,3 Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Anticevic A, Schleifer C, Youngsun TC. Emotional and cognitive dysregulation in schizophrenia and depression: understanding common and distinct behavioral and neural mechanisms. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2016. [PMID: 26869843 PMCID: PMC4734880 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2015.17.4/aanticevic] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Emerging behavioral and neuroimaging studies in schizophrenia (SCZ) and major depressive disorder (MD) are mapping mechanisms of co-occurring and distinct affective disturbances across these disorders. This constitutes a critical goal towards developing rationally guided therapies for upstream neural pathways that contribute to comorbid symptoms across disorders. We highlight the current state of the art in our understanding of emotional dysregulation in SCZ versus MD by focusing on broad domains of behavioral function that can map onto underlying neural systems, namely deficits in hedonics, anticipatory behaviors, computations underlying value and effort, and effortful goal-directed behaviors needed to pursue rewarding outcomes. We highlight unique disturbances in each disorder that may involve dissociable neural systems, but also possible interactions between affect and cognition in MD versus SCZ. Finally, we review computational and translational approaches that offer mechanistic insight into how cellular-level disruptions can lead to complex affective disturbances, informing development of therapies across MD and SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University; NIAAA Center for the Translational Neuroscience of Alcoholism; Department of Psychology, Yale University; Division of Neurocognition, Neurogenetics & Neurocomputation, Yale University School of Medicine (Alan Anticevic) - New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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The effects of working memory training on enhancing hedonic processing to affective rewards in individuals with high social anhedonia. Psychiatry Res 2016; 245:482-490. [PMID: 27639163 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Anhedonia is a core feature of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia and is less responsive to antipsychotic medication. Little is known whether anhedonia could be alleviated by cognitive training. The present study aimed to examine whether hedonic deficits observed in individuals with high social anhedonia could be reduced by working memory (WM) training. Thirty-four individuals with high social anhedonia were randomly assigned to either a WM training group or a control group. The WM training group received 20 sessions of dual n-back task training for four weeks. The affective incentive delay task was administered in all participants before the training and one month later. The results showed that individuals who received the WM training showed significant improvement in WM performance (F(19, 304)=55.80, p<0.001) and they also showed significant improvement in approach sensitivity to rewards (p=0.004). These preliminary findings suggest that hedonic processing could be improved through WM training in individuals with high social anhedonia. These results may have important implications for the development of non-pharmacological interventions to alleviate anhedonia in patients with schizophrenia.
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The neural transfer effect of working memory training to enhance hedonic processing in individuals with social anhedonia. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35481. [PMID: 27752140 PMCID: PMC5067564 DOI: 10.1038/srep35481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anhedonia, the diminished ability to experience pleasure, is a challenging negative symptom in patients with schizophrenia and can be observed in at-risk individuals with schizotypy. Deficits in hedonic processing have been postulated to be related to decreased motivation to engage in potentially rewarding events. It remains unclear whether non-pharmacological interventions, such as cognitive training, could improve anhedonia. The present study aimed to examine the neural mechanism for alleviating hedonic deficits with working memory (WM) training in individuals with social anhedonia. Fifteen individuals with social anhedonia were recruited and received 20 sessions of training on a dual n-back task, five sessions a week. Functional imaging paradigms of the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) and the Affective Incentive Delay (AID) tasks were administered both before and after the training to evaluate the neural transfer effects on hedonic processing ability. Enhanced brain activations related to anticipation were observed at the anterior cingulate cortex, the left dorsal striatum and the left precuneus with the AID task, and at the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the supramarginal gyrus with the MID task. The present findings support that WM training may improve monetary-based and affective-based hedonic processing in individuals with social anhedonia.
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Pu S, Nakagome K, Miura A, Iwata M, Nagata I, Kaneko K. Associations between depressive symptoms and fronto-temporal activities during a verbal fluency task in patients with schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30685. [PMID: 27465466 PMCID: PMC4964328 DOI: 10.1038/srep30685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Though depressive symptoms are common in patients with schizophrenia, they are often left untreated and are associated with a high relapse rate, suicidal ideation, increased mortality, reduced social adjustment, and poor quality of life. The present study aims to elucidate the association between depressive symptoms and fronto-temporal activities during a cognitive task in patients with schizophrenia. The fronto-temporal activities of 41 Japanese patients with schizophrenia was evaluated during a verbal fluency task using 52-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the depression/anxiety component of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) five-factor model. The depression/anxiety component of the PANSS five-factor model was negatively correlated with activities of the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), right dorsolateral PFC, and left temporal regions. Our findings suggest that reduced fronto-temporal activities on NIRS during a verbal fluency task is related to depressive symptom severity in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghong Pu
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Nakagome
- National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Akihiko Miura
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwata
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Izumi Nagata
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Koichi Kaneko
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
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Holliday ED, Gould TJ. Chronic Nicotine Treatment During Adolescence Attenuates the Effects of Acute Nicotine in Adult Contextual Fear Learning. Nicotine Tob Res 2016; 19:87-93. [PMID: 27613891 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescent onset of nicotine abuse is correlated with worse chances at successful abstinence in adulthood. One reason for this may be due to enduring learning deficits resulting from nicotine use during adolescence. Previous work has indicated that chronic nicotine administration beginning in late adolescence (PND38) caused learning deficits in contextual fear when tested in adulthood. The purpose of this study was to determine if chronic nicotine treatment during adolescence would alter sensitivity to nicotine's cognitive enhancing properties in adulthood. METHODS C57BL/6J mice received saline or chronic nicotine (12.6mg/kg/day) during adolescence (postnatal day 38) or adulthood (postnatal day 54) for a period of 12 days. Following a 30-day protracted abstinence, mice received either an acute injection of saline or nicotine (0.045, 0.18, and 0.36mg/kg) prior to training and testing a mouse model of contextual fear. RESULTS It was found that chronic nicotine administration in adult mice did not alter sensitivity to acute nicotine following a protracted abstinence. In adolescent mice, chronic nicotine administration disrupted adult learning and decreased sensitivity to acute nicotine in adulthood as only the highest dose tested (0.36mg/kg) was able to enhance contextual fear learning. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that adolescent nicotine exposure impairs learning in adulthood, which could increase the risk for continued nicotine use in adulthood by requiring administration of higher doses of nicotine to reverse learning impairments caused by adolescent nicotine exposure. IMPLICATIONS Results from this study add to the growing body of literature suggesting chronic nicotine exposure during adolescence leads to impaired learning in adulthood and demonstrates that nicotine exposure during adolescence attenuates the cognitive enhancing effects of acute nicotine in adulthood, which suggests altered cholinergic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica D Holliday
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Thomas J Gould
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
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