1
|
Moujaes F, Ji JL, Rahmati M, Burt JB, Schleifer C, Adkinson BD, Savic A, Santamauro N, Tamayo Z, Diehl C, Kolobaric A, Flynn M, Rieser N, Fonteneau C, Camarro T, Xu J, Cho Y, Repovs G, Fineberg SK, Morgan PT, Seifritz E, Vollenweider FX, Krystal JH, Murray JD, Preller KH, Anticevic A. Ketamine induces multiple individually distinct whole-brain functional connectivity signatures. eLife 2024; 13:e84173. [PMID: 38629811 PMCID: PMC11023699 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ketamine has emerged as one of the most promising therapies for treatment-resistant depression. However, inter-individual variability in response to ketamine is still not well understood and it is unclear how ketamine's molecular mechanisms connect to its neural and behavioral effects. Methods We conducted a single-blind placebo-controlled study, with participants blinded to their treatment condition. 40 healthy participants received acute ketamine (initial bolus 0.23 mg/kg, continuous infusion 0.58 mg/kg/hr). We quantified resting-state functional connectivity via data-driven global brain connectivity and related it to individual ketamine-induced symptom variation and cortical gene expression targets. Results We found that: (i) both the neural and behavioral effects of acute ketamine are multi-dimensional, reflecting robust inter-individual variability; (ii) ketamine's data-driven principal neural gradient effect matched somatostatin (SST) and parvalbumin (PVALB) cortical gene expression patterns in humans, while the mean effect did not; and (iii) behavioral data-driven individual symptom variation mapped onto distinct neural gradients of ketamine, which were resolvable at the single-subject level. Conclusions These results highlight the importance of considering individual behavioral and neural variation in response to ketamine. They also have implications for the development of individually precise pharmacological biomarkers for treatment selection in psychiatry. Funding This study was supported by NIH grants DP5OD012109-01 (A.A.), 1U01MH121766 (A.A.), R01MH112746 (J.D.M.), 5R01MH112189 (A.A.), 5R01MH108590 (A.A.), NIAAA grant 2P50AA012870-11 (A.A.); NSF NeuroNex grant 2015276 (J.D.M.); Brain and Behavior Research Foundation Young Investigator Award (A.A.); SFARI Pilot Award (J.D.M., A.A.); Heffter Research Institute (Grant No. 1-190420) (FXV, KHP); Swiss Neuromatrix Foundation (Grant No. 2016-0111) (FXV, KHP); Swiss National Science Foundation under the framework of Neuron Cofund (Grant No. 01EW1908) (KHP); Usona Institute (2015 - 2056) (FXV). Clinical trial number NCT03842800.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flora Moujaes
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital for Psychiatry ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Jie Lisa Ji
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Masih Rahmati
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Joshua B Burt
- Department of Physics, Yale UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Charles Schleifer
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Brendan D Adkinson
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | | | - Nicole Santamauro
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Zailyn Tamayo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Caroline Diehl
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | | | - Morgan Flynn
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleUnited States
| | - Nathalie Rieser
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital for Psychiatry ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Clara Fonteneau
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Terry Camarro
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Junqian Xu
- Department of Radiology and Psychiatry, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Youngsun Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Grega Repovs
- Department of Psychology, University of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Sarah K Fineberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Peter T Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry, Bridgeport HospitalBridgeportUnited States
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital for Psychiatry ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Franz X Vollenweider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital for Psychiatry ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - John D Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Physics, Yale UniversityBostonUnited States
- Department of Psychology, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Katrin H Preller
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital for Psychiatry ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cho YT, Moujaes F, Schleifer CH, Starc M, Ji JL, Santamauro N, Adkinson B, Kolobaric A, Flynn M, Krystal JH, Murray JD, Repovs G, Anticevic A. Reward and loss incentives improve spatial working memory by shaping trial-by-trial posterior frontoparietal signals. Neuroimage 2022; 254:119139. [PMID: 35346841 PMCID: PMC9264479 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrating motivational signals with cognition is critical for goal-directed activities. The mechanisms that link neural changes with motivated working memory continue to be understood. Here, we tested how externally cued and non-cued (internally represented) reward and loss impact spatial working memory precision and neural circuits in human subjects using fMRI. We translated the classic delayed-response spatial working memory paradigm from non-human primate studies to take advantage of a continuous numeric measure of working memory precision, and the wealth of translational neuroscience yielded by these studies. Our results demonstrated that both cued and non-cued reward and loss improved spatial working memory precision. Visual association regions of the posterior prefrontal and parietal cortices, specifically the precentral sulcus (PCS) and intraparietal sulcus (IPS), had increased BOLD signal during incentivized spatial working memory. A subset of these regions had trial-by-trial increases in BOLD signal that were associated with better working memory precision, suggesting that these regions may be critical for linking neural signals with motivated working memory. In contrast, regions straddling executive networks, including areas in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior parietal cortex and cerebellum displayed decreased BOLD signal during incentivized working memory. While reward and loss similarly impacted working memory processes, they dissociated during feedback when money won or avoided in loss was given based on working memory performance. During feedback, the trial-by-trial amount and valence of reward/loss received was dissociated amongst regions such as the ventral striatum, habenula and periaqueductal gray. Overall, this work suggests motivated spatial working memory is supported by complex sensory processes, and that the IPS and PCS in the posterior frontoparietal cortices may be key regions for integrating motivational signals with spatial working memory precision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youngsun T Cho
- Yale University, Department of Psychiatry, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA; Yale University, Child Study Center, 230 South Frontage Road, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, 34 Park Street, 3rd floor, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA; Yale University, Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University Neuroscience Program, P.O. Box 208074, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - Flora Moujaes
- Yale University, Department of Psychiatry, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Charles H Schleifer
- Yale University, Department of Psychiatry, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | | | - Jie Lisa Ji
- Yale University, Department of Psychiatry, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Nicole Santamauro
- Yale University, Department of Psychiatry, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Brendan Adkinson
- Yale University, Department of Psychiatry, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Antonija Kolobaric
- Yale University, Department of Psychiatry, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Morgan Flynn
- Yale University, Department of Psychiatry, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - John H Krystal
- Yale University, Department of Psychiatry, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA; Yale University, NIAAA Center for Translational Neuroscience of Alcoholism, 34 Park Street, 3rd floor, New Haven, CT 06519 USA
| | - John D Murray
- Yale University, Department of Psychiatry, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA; Yale University, Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University Neuroscience Program, P.O. Box 208074, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA; Yale University, Department of Physics, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Grega Repovs
- University of Ljubljana, Department of Psychology
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Yale University, Department of Psychiatry, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, 34 Park Street, 3rd floor, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA; Yale University, Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University Neuroscience Program, P.O. Box 208074, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA; University of Zagreb, University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce; Yale University, Department of Psychology, Box 208205, New Haven, CT, 06520-8205, USA; Yale University, NIAAA Center for Translational Neuroscience of Alcoholism, 34 Park Street, 3rd floor, New Haven, CT 06519 USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Adams RA, Pinotsis D, Tsirlis K, Unruh L, Mahajan A, Horas AM, Convertino L, Summerfelt A, Sampath H, Du XM, Kochunov P, Ji JL, Repovs G, Murray JD, Friston KJ, Hong LE, Anticevic A. Computational Modeling of Electroencephalography and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Paradigms Indicates a Consistent Loss of Pyramidal Cell Synaptic Gain in Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:202-215. [PMID: 34598786 PMCID: PMC8654393 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diminished synaptic gain-the sensitivity of postsynaptic responses to neural inputs-may be a fundamental synaptic pathology in schizophrenia. Evidence for this is indirect, however. Furthermore, it is unclear whether pyramidal cells or interneurons (or both) are affected, or how these deficits relate to symptoms. METHODS People with schizophrenia diagnoses (PScz) (n = 108), their relatives (n = 57), and control subjects (n = 107) underwent 3 electroencephalography (EEG) paradigms-resting, mismatch negativity, and 40-Hz auditory steady-state response-and resting functional magnetic resonance imaging. Dynamic causal modeling was used to quantify synaptic connectivity in cortical microcircuits. RESULTS Classic group differences in EEG features between PScz and control subjects were replicated, including increased theta and other spectral changes (resting EEG), reduced mismatch negativity, and reduced 40-Hz power. Across all 4 paradigms, characteristic PScz data features were all best explained by models with greater self-inhibition (decreased synaptic gain) in pyramidal cells. Furthermore, disinhibition in auditory areas predicted abnormal auditory perception (and positive symptoms) in PScz in 3 paradigms. CONCLUSIONS First, characteristic EEG changes in PScz in 3 classic paradigms are all attributable to the same underlying parameter change: greater self-inhibition in pyramidal cells. Second, psychotic symptoms in PScz relate to disinhibition in neural circuits. These findings are more commensurate with the hypothesis that in PScz, a primary loss of synaptic gain on pyramidal cells is then compensated by interneuron downregulation (rather than the converse). They further suggest that psychotic symptoms relate to this secondary downregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rick A Adams
- Centre for Medical Image Computing and Artificial Intelligence, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Max Planck-UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
| | - Dimitris Pinotsis
- Centre for Mathematical Neuroscience and Psychology and Department of Psychology, City University of London, London, United Kingdom; Picower Institute for Learning & Memory and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Konstantinos Tsirlis
- Centre for Medical Image Computing and Artificial Intelligence, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leonhardt Unruh
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aashna Mahajan
- Centre for Medical Image Computing and Artificial Intelligence, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Montero Horas
- Centre for Medical Image Computing and Artificial Intelligence, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Convertino
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ann Summerfelt
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hemalatha Sampath
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xiaoming Michael Du
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jie Lisa Ji
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Grega Repovs
- Department of Psychology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - John D Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Karl J Friston
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ji JL, Diehl C, Schleifer C, Tamminga CA, Keshavan MS, Sweeney JA, Clementz BA, Hill SK, Pearlson G, Yang G, Creatura G, Krystal JH, Repovs G, Murray J, Winkler A, Anticevic A. Schizophrenia Exhibits Bi-directional Brain-Wide Alterations in Cortico-Striato-Cerebellar Circuits. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:4463-4487. [PMID: 31157363 PMCID: PMC6917525 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Distributed neural dysconnectivity is considered a hallmark feature of schizophrenia (SCZ), yet a tension exists between studies pinpointing focal disruptions versus those implicating brain-wide disturbances. The cerebellum and the striatum communicate reciprocally with the thalamus and cortex through monosynaptic and polysynaptic connections, forming cortico-striatal-thalamic-cerebellar (CSTC) functional pathways that may be sensitive to brain-wide dysconnectivity in SCZ. It remains unknown if the same pattern of alterations persists across CSTC systems, or if specific alterations exist along key functional elements of these networks. We characterized connectivity along major functional CSTC subdivisions using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in 159 chronic patients and 162 matched controls. Associative CSTC subdivisions revealed consistent brain-wide bi-directional alterations in patients, marked by hyper-connectivity with sensory-motor cortices and hypo-connectivity with association cortex. Focusing on the cerebellar and striatal components, we validate the effects using data-driven k-means clustering of voxel-wise dysconnectivity and support vector machine classifiers. We replicate these results in an independent sample of 202 controls and 145 patients, additionally demonstrating that these neural effects relate to cognitive performance across subjects. Taken together, these results from complementary approaches implicate a consistent motif of brain-wide alterations in CSTC systems in SCZ, calling into question accounts of exclusively focal functional disturbances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lisa Ji
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Caroline Diehl
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Charles Schleifer
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carol A Tamminga
- Department of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Matcheri S Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John A Sweeney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Brett A Clementz
- Department of Psychology, BioImaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, BioImaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - S Kristian Hill
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Godfrey Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Genevieve Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gina Creatura
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Grega Repovs
- Department of Psychology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - John Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anderson Winkler
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cho YT, Lam NH, Starc M, Santamauro N, Savic A, Diehl CK, Schleifer CH, Moujaes F, Srihari VH, Repovs G, Murray JD, Anticevic A. Effects of reward on spatial working memory in schizophrenia. J Abnorm Psychol 2018; 127:695-709. [PMID: 30335439 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Reward processing and cognition are disrupted in schizophrenia (SCZ), yet how these processes interface is unknown. In SCZ, deficits in reward representation may affect motivated, goal-directed behaviors. To test this, we examined the effects of monetary reward on spatial working memory (WM) performance in patients with SCZ. To capture complimentary effects, we tested biophysically grounded computational models of neuropharmacologic manipulations onto a canonical fronto-parietal association cortical microcircuit capable of WM computations. Patients with SCZ (n = 33) and healthy control subjects (HCS; n = 32) performed a spatial WM task with 2 reward manipulations: reward cues presented prior to each trial, or contextually prior to a block of trials. WM performance was compared with cortical circuit models of WM subjected to feed-forward glutamatergic excitation, feed-forward GABAergic inhibition, or recurrent modulation strengthening local connections. Results demonstrated that both groups improved WM performance to reward cues presented prior to each trial (HCS d = -0.62; SCZ d = -1.0), with percent improvement correlating with baseline WM performance (r = .472, p < .001). However, rewards presented contextually before a block of trials did not improve WM performance in patients with SCZ (d = 0.01). Modeling simulations achieved improved WM precision through strengthened local connections via neuromodulation, or feed-forward inhibition. Taken together, this work demonstrates that patients with SCZ can improve WM performance to short-term, but not longer-term rewards-thus, motivated behaviors may be limited by strength of reward representation. A potential mechanism for transiently improved WM performance may be strengthening of local fronto-parietal microcircuit connections via neuromodulation or feed-forward inhibitory drive. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youngsun T Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Flora Moujaes
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Vinod H Srihari
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Grega Repovs
- Department of Psychology, University of Ljubljana
| | - John D Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Preller KH, Burt JB, Ji JL, Schleifer CH, Adkinson BD, Stämpfli P, Seifritz E, Repovs G, Krystal JH, Murray JD, Vollenweider FX, Anticevic A. Changes in global and thalamic brain connectivity in LSD-induced altered states of consciousness are attributable to the 5-HT2A receptor. eLife 2018; 7:35082. [PMID: 30355445 PMCID: PMC6202055 DOI: 10.7554/elife.35082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) has agonist activity at various serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine receptors. Despite the therapeutic and scientific interest in LSD, specific receptor contributions to its neurobiological effects remain unknown. Methods: We therefore conducted a double-blind, randomized, counterbalanced, cross-over studyduring which 24 healthy human participants received either (i) placebo+placebo, (ii) placebo+LSD (100 µg po), or (iii) Ketanserin, a selective 5-HT2A receptor antagonist,+LSD. We quantified resting-state functional connectivity via a data-driven global brain connectivity method and compared it to cortical gene expression maps. Results: LSD reduced associative, but concurrently increased sensory-somatomotor brain-wide and thalamic connectivity. Ketanserin fully blocked the subjective and neural LSD effects. Whole-brain spatial patterns of LSD effects matched 5-HT2A receptor cortical gene expression in humans. Conclusions: Together, these results strongly implicate the 5-HT2A receptor in LSD’s neuropharmacology. This study therefore pinpoints the critical role of 5-HT2A in LSD’s mechanism, which informs its neurobiology and guides rational development of psychedelic-based therapeutics. Funding: Funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation, the Swiss Neuromatrix Foundation, the Usona Institute, the NIH, the NIAA, the NARSAD Independent Investigator Grant, the Yale CTSA grant, and the Slovenian Research Agency. Clinical trial number: NCT02451072. The psychedelic drug LSD alters thinking and perception. Users can experience hallucinations, in which they, for example, see things that are not there. Colors, sounds and objects can appear distorted, and time can seem to speed up or slow down. These changes bear some resemblance to the changes in thinking and perception that occur in certain psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. Studying how LSD affects the brain could thus offer insights into the mechanisms underlying these conditions. There is also evidence that LSD itself could help to reduce the symptoms of depression and anxiety disorders. Preller et al. have now used brain imaging to explore the effects of LSD on the brains of healthy volunteers. This revealed that LSD reduced communication among brain areas involved in planning and decision-making, but it increased communication between areas involved in sensation and movement. Volunteers whose brains showed the most communication between sensory and movement areas also reported the strongest effects of LSD on their thinking and perception. Preller et al. also found that another drug called Ketanserin prevented LSD from altering how different brain regions communicate. It also prevented LSD from inducing changes in thinking and perception. Ketanserin blocks a protein called the serotonin 2A receptor, which is activated by a brain chemical called serotonin that, amongst other roles, helps to regulate mood. By mapping the location of the gene that produces the serotonin 2A receptor, Preller et al. showed that the receptor is present in brain regions that show altered communication after LSD intake, therefore pinpointing the importance of this receptor in the effects of LSD. Psychiatric disorders that produce psychotic symptoms affect vast numbers of people worldwide. Further research into how LSD affects the brain could help us to better understand how such symptoms arise, and may also lead to the development of more effective treatments for a range of mental health conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin H Preller
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Brain Imaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital for Psychiatry Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Joshua B Burt
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States.,Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, United States
| | - Jie Lisa Ji
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Charles H Schleifer
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Brendan D Adkinson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Philipp Stämpfli
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital for Psychiatry Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital for Psychiatry Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Grega Repovs
- Mind and Brain Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - John D Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States.,Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Franz X Vollenweider
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Brain Imaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital for Psychiatry Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang GJ, Murray JD, Glasser M, Pearlson GD, Krystal JH, Schleifer C, Repovs G, Anticevic A. Altered Global Signal Topography in Schizophrenia. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:5156-5169. [PMID: 27702810 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a disabling neuropsychiatric disease associated with disruptions across distributed neural systems. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging has identified extensive abnormalities in the blood-oxygen level-dependent signal in SCZ patients, including alterations in the average signal over the brain-i.e. the "global" signal (GS). It remains unknown, however, if these "global" alterations occur pervasively or follow a spatially preferential pattern. This study presents the first network-by-network quantification of GS topography in healthy subjects and SCZ patients. We observed a nonuniform GS contribution in healthy comparison subjects, whereby sensory areas exhibited the largest GS component. In SCZ patients, we identified preferential GS representation increases across association regions, while sensory regions showed preferential reductions. GS representation in sensory versus association cortices was strongly anti-correlated in healthy subjects. This anti-correlated relationship was markedly reduced in SCZ. Such shifts in GS topography may underlie profound alterations in neural information flow in SCZ, informing development of pharmacotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve J Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - John D Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Matthew Glasser
- Department of Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, Hartford, CT 06106, USA
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,NIAAA Center for the Translational Neuroscience of Alcoholism, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Charlie Schleifer
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Grega Repovs
- Department of Psychology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, Hartford, CT 06106, USA.,NIAAA Center for the Translational Neuroscience of Alcoholism, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.,Department of Psychology, Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Starc M, Murray JD, Santamauro N, Savic A, Diehl C, Cho YT, Srihari V, Morgan PT, Krystal JH, Wang XJ, Repovs G, Anticevic A. Schizophrenia is associated with a pattern of spatial working memory deficits consistent with cortical disinhibition. Schizophr Res 2017; 181:107-116. [PMID: 27745755 PMCID: PMC5901719 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with severe cognitive deficits, including impaired working memory (WM). A neural mechanism that may contribute to WM impairment is the disruption in excitation-inhibition (E/I) balance in cortical microcircuits. It remains unknown, however, how these alterations map onto quantifiable behavioral deficits in patients. Based on predictions from a validated microcircuit model of spatial WM, we hypothesized two key behavioral consequences: i) increased variability of WM traces over time, reducing performance precision; and ii) decreased ability to filter out distractors that overlap with WM representations. To test model predictions, we studied N=27 schizophrenia patients and N=28 matched healthy comparison subjects (HCS) who performed a spatial WM task designed to test the computational model. Specifically, we manipulated delay duration and distractor distance presented during the delay. Subjects used a high-sensitivity joystick to indicate the remembered location, yielding a continuous response measure. Results largely followed model predictions, whereby patients exhibited increased variance and less WM precision as the delay period increased relative to HCS. Schizophrenia patients also exhibited increased WM distractibility, with reports biased toward distractors at specific spatial locations, as predicted by the model. Finally, the magnitude of the WM drift and distractibility were significantly correlated, indicating a possibly shared underlying mechanism. Effects are consistent with elevated E/I ratio in schizophrenia, establishing a framework for translating neural circuit computational model of cognition to human experiments, explicitly testing mechanistic behavioral hypotheses of cellular-level neural deficits in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Starc
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - John D Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 06510, USA
| | - Nicole Santamauro
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Aleksandar Savic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Caroline Diehl
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Youngsun T Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Vinod Srihari
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Peter T Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 06510, USA
| | - Grega Repovs
- Department of Psychology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; NIAAA Center for the Translational Neuroscience of Alcoholism, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department of Psychology, Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Avenue, CT 06520, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sheffield JM, Repovs G, Harms MP, Carter CS, Gold JM, MacDonald AW, Ragland JD, Silverstein SM, Godwin D, Barch DM. Evidence for Accelerated Decline of Functional Brain Network Efficiency in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2016; 42:753-61. [PMID: 26472685 PMCID: PMC4838081 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbv148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Previous work suggests that individuals with schizophrenia display accelerated aging of white matter integrity, however, it is still unknown whether functional brain networks also decline at an elevated rate in schizophrenia. Given the known degradation of functional connectivity and the normal decline in cognitive functioning throughout healthy aging, we aimed to test the hypothesis that efficiency of large-scale functional brain networks supporting overall cognition, as well as integrity of hub nodes within those networks, show evidence of accelerated aging in schizophrenia. Using pseudo-resting state data in 54 healthy controls and 46 schizophrenia patients, in which task-dependent signal from 3 tasks was regressed out to approximate resting-state data, we observed a significant diagnosis by age interaction in the prediction of both global and local efficiency of the cingulo-opercular network, and of the local efficiency of the fronto-parietal network, but no interaction when predicting both default mode network and whole brain efficiency. We also observed a significant diagnosis by age interaction for the node degree of the right anterior insula, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. All interactions were driven by stronger negative associations between age and network metrics in the schizophrenia group than the healthy controls. These data provide evidence that is consistent with accelerated aging of large-scale functional brain networks in schizophrenia that support higher-order cognitive ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia M. Sheffield
- Department of Psychology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO;,*To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychology, Washington University in St Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St Louis, MO 63130, US; tel: 314-935-6565, fax: 314-935-7588, e-mail:
| | - Grega Repovs
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Michael P. Harms
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| | - Cameron S. Carter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA
| | - James M. Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - J. Daniel Ragland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Steven M. Silverstein
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, University Behavioral Health Care, Piscataway, NJ;,Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Douglass Godwin
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Deanna M. Barch
- Department of Psychology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO;,Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO;,Department of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Anticevic A, Haut K, Murray JD, Repovs G, Yang GJ, Diehl C, McEwen SC, Bearden CE, Addington J, Goodyear B, Cadenhead KS, Mirzakhanian H, Cornblatt BA, Olvet D, Mathalon DH, McGlashan TH, Perkins DO, Belger A, Seidman LJ, Tsuang MT, van Erp TGM, Walker EF, Hamann S, Woods SW, Qiu M, Cannon TD. Association of Thalamic Dysconnectivity and Conversion to Psychosis in Youth and Young Adults at Elevated Clinical Risk. JAMA Psychiatry 2015; 72:882-91. [PMID: 26267151 PMCID: PMC4892891 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.0566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Severe neuropsychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia, affect distributed neural computations. One candidate system profoundly altered in chronic schizophrenia involves the thalamocortical networks. It is widely acknowledged that schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder that likely affects the brain before onset of clinical symptoms. However, no investigation has tested whether thalamocortical connectivity is altered in individuals at risk for psychosis or whether this pattern is more severe in individuals who later develop full-blown illness. OBJECTIVES To determine whether baseline thalamocortical connectivity differs between individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis and healthy controls, whether this pattern is more severe in those who later convert to full-blown illness, and whether magnitude of thalamocortical dysconnectivity is associated with baseline prodromal symptom severity. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this multicenter, 2-year follow-up, case-control study, we examined 397 participants aged 12-35 years of age (243 individuals at clinical high risk of psychosis, of whom 21 converted to full-blown illness, and 154 healthy controls). The baseline scan dates were January 15, 2010, to April 30, 2012. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Whole-brain thalamic functional connectivity maps were generated using individuals' anatomically defined thalamic seeds, measured using resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS Using baseline magnetic resonance images, we identified thalamocortical dysconnectivity in the 243 individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis, which was particularly pronounced in the 21 participants who converted to full-blown illness. The pattern involved widespread hypoconnectivity between the thalamus and prefrontal and cerebellar areas, which was more prominent in those who converted to full-blown illness (t(173) = 3.77, P < .001, Hedge g = 0.88). Conversely, there was marked thalamic hyperconnectivity with sensory motor areas, again most pronounced in those who converted to full-blown illness (t(173) = 2.85, P < .001, Hedge g = 0.66). Both patterns were significantly correlated with concurrent prodromal symptom severity (r = 0.27, P < 3.6 × 10(-8), Spearman ρ = 0.27, P < 4.75 × 10(-5), 2-tailed). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Thalamic dysconnectivity, resembling that seen in schizophrenia, was evident in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis and more prominently in those who later converted to psychosis. Dysconnectivity correlated with symptom severity, supporting the idea that thalamic connectivity may have prognostic implications for risk of conversion to full-blown illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut2National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Center for the Translational Neuroscience of Alcoholism, New Haven, Connecticut3Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, C
| | - Kristen Haut
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - John D. Murray
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York
| | - Grega Repovs
- Department of Psychology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Genevieve J. Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut3Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven5Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Caroline Diehl
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut4Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sarah C. McEwen
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Carrie E. Bearden
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Jean Addington
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bradley Goodyear
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Doreen Olvet
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York
| | | | - Thomas H. McGlashan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Diana O. Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Aysenil Belger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Larry J. Seidman
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts15Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston16Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, and Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division, Beth Israel
| | - Ming T. Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Theo G. M. van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine
| | - Elaine F. Walker
- Departments of Psychology and Radiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stephan Hamann
- Departments of Psychology and Radiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Scott W. Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Maolin Qiu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Tyrone D. Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut4Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sheffield JM, Repovs G, Harms MP, Carter CS, Gold JM, MacDonald AW, Daniel Ragland J, Silverstein SM, Godwin D, Barch DM. Fronto-parietal and cingulo-opercular network integrity and cognition in health and schizophrenia. Neuropsychologia 2015; 73:82-93. [PMID: 25979608 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that coordinated activity within specific functional brain networks supports cognitive ability, and that abnormalities in brain connectivity may underlie cognitive deficits observed in neuropsychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia. Two functional networks, the fronto-parietal network (FPN) and cingulo-opercular network (CON), are hypothesized to support top-down control of executive functioning, and have therefore emerged as potential drivers of cognitive impairment in disease-states. Graph theoretic analyses of functional connectivity data can characterize network topology, allowing the relationships between cognitive ability and network integrity to be examined. In the current study we applied graph analysis to pseudo-resting state data in 54 healthy subjects and 46 schizophrenia patients, and measured overall cognitive ability as the shared variance in performance from tasks of episodic memory, verbal memory, processing speed, goal maintenance, and visual integration. We found that, across all participants, cognitive ability was significantly positively associated with the local and global efficiency of the whole brain, FPN, and CON, but not with the efficiency of a comparison network, the auditory network. Additionally, the participation coefficient of the right anterior insula, a major hub within the CON, significantly predicted cognition, and this relationship was independent of CON global efficiency. Surprisingly, we did not observe strong evidence for group differences in any of our network metrics. These data suggest that functionally efficient task control networks support better cognitive ability in both health and schizophrenia, and that the right anterior insula may be a particularly important hub for successful cognitive performance across both health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Grega Repovs
- University of Ljubljana, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Slovenia
| | - Michael P Harms
- Washington University in St Louis, Departments of Psychiatry, USA
| | - Cameron S Carter
- University of California at Davis, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, USA
| | - James M Gold
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, USA
| | | | - J Daniel Ragland
- University of California at Davis, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, USA
| | - Steven M Silverstein
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, University Behavioral Health Care; and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Department of Psychiatry, USA
| | | | - Deanna M Barch
- Washington University in St Louis, Department of Psychology, USA; Washington University in St Louis, Departments of Psychiatry, USA; Washington University in St Louis, Department of Radiology, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Anticevic A, Savic A, Repovs G, Yang G, McKay DR, Sprooten E, Knowles EE, Krystal JH, Pearlson GD, Glahn DC. Ventral anterior cingulate connectivity distinguished nonpsychotic bipolar illness from psychotic bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2015; 41:133-43. [PMID: 24782562 PMCID: PMC4266289 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbu051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar illness is a debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder associated with alterations in the ventral anterior cingulate cortex (vACC), a brain region thought to regulate emotional behavior. Although recent data-driven functional connectivity studies provide evidence consistent with this possibility, the role of vACC in bipolar illness and its pattern of whole brain connectivity remain unknown. Furthermore, no study has established whether vACC exhibits differential whole brain connectivity in bipolar patients with and without co-occurring psychosis and whether this pattern resembles that found in schizophrenia. We conducted a human resting-state functional connectivity investigation focused on the vACC seed in 73 remitted bipolar I disorder patients (33 with psychosis history), 56 demographically matched healthy comparison subjects, and 73 demographically matched patients with chronic schizophrenia. Psychosis history within the bipolar disorder group corresponded with significant between-group connectivity alterations along the dorsal medial prefrontal surface when using the vACC seed. Patients with psychosis history showed reduced connectivity (Cohen's d = -0.69), whereas those without psychosis history showed increased vACC coupling (Cohen's d = 0.8) relative to controls. The vACC connectivity observed in chronic schizophrenia patients was not significantly different from that seen in bipolar patients with psychosis history but was significantly reduced compared with that in bipolar patients without psychosis history. These robust findings reveal complex vACC connectivity alterations in bipolar illness, which suggest differences depending on co-occurrence of lifetime psychosis. The similarities in vACC connectivity patterns in schizophrenia and psychotic bipolar disorder patients may suggest the existence of common mechanisms underlying psychotic symptoms in the two disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleksandar Savic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT;,Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT;,University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Grega Repovs
- Department of Psychology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Genevieve Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT;,Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT;,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - D. Reese McKay
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT;,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT
| | - Emma Sprooten
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT;,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT
| | - Emma E. Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT;,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT
| | - John H. Krystal
- Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT
| | - Godfrey D. Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT;,NIAAA Center for the Translational Neuroscience of Alcoholism, New Haven, CT;,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT;,Department of Neurobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - David C. Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT;,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Anticevic A, Yang G, Savic A, Murray JD, Cole MW, Repovs G, Pearlson GD, Glahn DC. Mediodorsal and visual thalamic connectivity differ in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with and without psychosis history. Schizophr Bull 2014; 40:1227-43. [PMID: 25031221 PMCID: PMC4193728 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbu100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Empirical and theoretical studies implicate thalamocortical circuits in schizophrenia, supported by emerging resting-state functional connectivity studies (rs-fcMRI). Similar but attenuated alterations were found in bipolar disorder (BD). However, it remains unknown if segregated loops within thalamocortical systems show distinct rs-fcMRI alterations in schizophrenia. For instance, the mediodorsal (MD) nucleus, known to project to prefrontal networks, may be differently altered than the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), known to project to the occipital cortex. Also, it remains unknown if these circuits show different patterns of alterations in BD as a function of psychosis history, which may be associated with a more severe clinical course. We addressed these questions in 90 patients with chronic schizophrenia and 73 remitted BD patients (33 with psychosis history) matched to 146 healthy comparison subjects. We hypothesized that the MD vs LGN would show dissociations across diagnostic groups. We found that MD and LGN show more qualitative similarities than differences in their patterns of dysconnectivity in schizophrenia. In BD, patterns qualitatively diverged between thalamic nuclei although these effects were modest statistically. BD with psychosis history was associated with more severe dysconnectivity, particularly for the MD nucleus. Also, the MD nucleus showed connectivity reductions with the cerebellum in schizophrenia but not in BD. Results suggest dissociations for thalamic nuclei across diagnoses, albeit carefully controlling for medication is warranted in future studies. Collectively, these findings have implications for designing more precise neuroimaging-driven biomarkers that can identify common and divergent large-scale network perturbations across psychiatric diagnoses with shared symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Genevieve Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT;,Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT;,Department of Psychology, Yale University, CT
| | - Aleksandar Savic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT;,Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT;,Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY
| | - John D. Murray
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Michael W. Cole
- Department of Psychology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Grega Repovs
- Department of Psychology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Godfrey D. Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT;,Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT;,Department of Neurobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - David C. Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT;,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, CT
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Anticevic A, Tang Y, Cho YT, Repovs G, Cole MW, Savic A, Wang F, Krystal JH, Xu K. Amygdala connectivity differs among chronic, early course, and individuals at risk for developing schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2014; 40:1105-16. [PMID: 24366718 PMCID: PMC4133672 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbt165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in circuits involving the amygdala have been repeatedly implicated in schizophrenia neuropathology, given their role in stress, affective salience processing, and psychosis onset. Disturbances in amygdala whole-brain functional connectivity associated with schizophrenia have yet to be fully characterized despite their importance in psychosis. Moreover, it remains unknown if there are functional alterations in amygdala circuits across illness phases. To evaluate this possibility, we compared whole-brain amygdala connectivity in healthy comparison subjects (HCS), individuals at high risk (HR) for schizophrenia, individuals in the early course of schizophrenia (EC-SCZ), and patients with chronic schizophrenia (C-SCZ). We computed whole-brain resting-state connectivity using functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3T via anatomically defined individual-specific amygdala seeds. We identified significant alterations in amygdala connectivity with orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), driven by reductions in EC-SCZ and C-SCZ (effect sizes of 1.0 and 0.97, respectively), but not in HR for schizophrenia, relative to HCS. Reduced amygdala-OFC coupling was associated with schizophrenia symptom severity (r = .32, P < .015). Conversely, we identified a robust increase in amygdala connectivity with a brainstem region around noradrenergic arousal nuclei, particularly for HR individuals relative to HCS (effect size = 1.54), but not as prominently for other clinical groups. These results suggest that deficits in amygdala-OFC coupling could emerge during the initial episode of schizophrenia (EC-SCZ) and may present as an enduring feature of the illness (C-SCZ) in association with symptom severity but are not present in individuals with elevated risk for developing schizophrenia. Instead, in HR individuals, there appears to be increased connectivity in a circuit implicated in stress response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang , Liaoning, PR China
| | - Youngsun T Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Grega Repovs
- Department of Psychology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Michael W Cole
- Department of Psychology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| | - Aleksandar Savic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang , Liaoning, PR China
| | | | - Ke Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang , Liaoning, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Anticevic A, Hu S, Zhang S, Savic A, Billingslea E, Wasylink S, Repovs G, Cole MW, Bednarski S, Krystal JH, Bloch MH, Li CSR, Pittenger C. Global resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis identifies frontal cortex, striatal, and cerebellar dysconnectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 75:595-605. [PMID: 24314349 PMCID: PMC3969771 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with regional hyperactivity in cortico-striatal circuits. However, the large-scale patterns of abnormal neural connectivity remain uncharacterized. Resting-state functional connectivity studies have shown altered connectivity within the implicated circuitry, but they have used seed-driven approaches wherein a circuit of interest is defined a priori. This limits their ability to identify network abnormalities beyond the prevailing framework. This limitation is particularly problematic within the prefrontal cortex (PFC), which is large and heterogeneous and where a priori specification of seeds is therefore difficult. A hypothesis-neutral, data-driven approach to the analysis of connectivity is vital. METHODS We analyzed resting-state functional connectivity data collected at 3T in 27 OCD patients and 66 matched control subjects with a recently developed data-driven global brain connectivity (GBC) method, both within the PFC and across the whole brain. RESULTS We found clusters of decreased connectivity in the left lateral PFC in both whole-brain and PFC-restricted analyses. Increased GBC was found in the right putamen and left cerebellar cortex. Within regions of interest in the basal ganglia and thalamus, we identified increased GBC in dorsal striatum and anterior thalamus, which was reduced in patients on medication. The ventral striatum/nucleus accumbens exhibited decreased global connectivity but increased connectivity specifically with the ventral anterior cingulate cortex in subjects with OCD. CONCLUSIONS These findings identify previously uncharacterized PFC and basal ganglia dysconnectivity in OCD and reveal differentially altered GBC in dorsal and ventral striatum. Results highlight complex disturbances in PFC networks, which could contribute to disrupted cortical-striatal-cerebellar circuits in OCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University,Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Yale University,NIAAA Center for the Translational Neuroscience of Alcoholism, Yale University
| | - Sien Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University
| | | | - Aleksandar Savic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University,University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | | | | | - Grega Repovs
- Department of Psychology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - John H. Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University,NIAAA Center for the Translational Neuroscience of Alcoholism, Yale University
| | - Michael H. Bloch
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University,Child Study Center, Yale University
| | - Chiang-shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University,Department of Neurobiology, Yale University,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University
| | - Christopher Pittenger
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University; Department of Psychology, Yale University; Child Study Center, Yale University; Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Yale University; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Anticevic A, Cole MW, Repovs G, Savic A, Driesen NR, Yang G, Cho YT, Murray JD, Glahn DC, Wang XJ, Krystal JH. Connectivity, pharmacology, and computation: toward a mechanistic understanding of neural system dysfunction in schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2013; 4:169. [PMID: 24399974 PMCID: PMC3871997 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia and bipolar illness alter the structure and function of distributed neural networks. Functional neuroimaging tools have evolved sufficiently to reliably detect system-level disturbances in neural networks. This review focuses on recent findings in schizophrenia and bipolar illness using resting-state neuroimaging, an advantageous approach for biomarker development given its ease of data collection and lack of task-based confounds. These benefits notwithstanding, neuroimaging does not yet allow the evaluation of individual neurons within local circuits, where pharmacological treatments ultimately exert their effects. This limitation constitutes an important obstacle in translating findings from animal research to humans and from healthy humans to patient populations. Integrating new neuroscientific tools may help to bridge some of these gaps. We specifically discuss two complementary approaches. The first is pharmacological manipulations in healthy volunteers, which transiently mimic some cardinal features of psychiatric conditions. We specifically focus on recent neuroimaging studies using the NMDA receptor antagonist, ketamine, to probe glutamate synaptic dysfunction associated with schizophrenia. Second, we discuss the combination of human pharmacological imaging with biophysically informed computational models developed to guide the interpretation of functional imaging studies and to inform the development of pathophysiologic hypotheses. To illustrate this approach, we review clinical investigations in addition to recent findings of how computational modeling has guided inferences drawn from our studies involving ketamine administration to healthy subjects. Thus, this review asserts that linking experimental studies in humans with computational models will advance to effort to bridge cellular, systems, and clinical neuroscience approaches to psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT , USA ; NIAAA Center for the Translational Neuroscience of Alcoholism , New Haven, CT , USA ; Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center , New Haven, CT , USA ; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University , New Haven, CT , USA ; Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital , Hartford, CT , USA ; Department of Psychology, Yale University , New Haven, CT , USA
| | - Michael W Cole
- Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO , USA
| | - Grega Repovs
- Department of Psychology, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Aleksandar Savic
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Zagreb School of Medicine , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Naomi R Driesen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT , USA
| | - Genevieve Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT , USA ; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University , New Haven, CT , USA
| | - Youngsun T Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT , USA
| | - John D Murray
- Center for Neural Science, New York University , New York, NY , USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT , USA ; Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital , Hartford, CT , USA
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Center for Neural Science, New York University , New York, NY , USA
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT , USA ; NIAAA Center for the Translational Neuroscience of Alcoholism , New Haven, CT , USA ; Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center , New Haven, CT , USA ; Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT , USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Anticevic A, Cole MW, Repovs G, Murray JD, Brumbaugh MS, Winkler AM, Savic A, Krystal JH, Pearlson GD, Glahn DC. Characterizing thalamo-cortical disturbances in schizophrenia and bipolar illness. Cereb Cortex 2013; 24:3116-30. [PMID: 23825317 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a devastating neuropsychiatric syndrome associated with distributed brain dysconnectivity that may involve large-scale thalamo-cortical systems. Incomplete characterization of thalamic connectivity in schizophrenia limits our understanding of its relationship to symptoms and to diagnoses with shared clinical presentation, such as bipolar illness, which may exist on a spectrum. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, we characterized thalamic connectivity in 90 schizophrenia patients versus 90 matched controls via: (1) Subject-specific anatomically defined thalamic seeds; (2) anatomical and data-driven clustering to assay within-thalamus dysconnectivity; and (3) machine learning to classify diagnostic membership via thalamic connectivity for schizophrenia and for 47 bipolar patients and 47 matched controls. Schizophrenia analyses revealed functionally related disturbances: Thalamic over-connectivity with bilateral sensory-motor cortices, which predicted symptoms, but thalamic under-connectivity with prefrontal-striatal-cerebellar regions relative to controls, possibly reflective of sensory gating and top-down control disturbances. Clustering revealed that this dysconnectivity was prominent for thalamic nuclei densely connected with the prefrontal cortex. Classification and cross-diagnostic results suggest that thalamic dysconnectivity may be a neural marker for disturbances across diagnoses. Present findings, using one of the largest schizophrenia and bipolar neuroimaging samples to date, inform basic understanding of large-scale thalamo-cortical systems and provide vital clues about the complex nature of its disturbances in severe mental illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA NIAAA Center for the Translational Neuroscience of Alcoholism, New Haven, CT 06519, USA Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Michael W Cole
- Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Grega Repovs
- Department of Psychology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - John D Murray
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Margaret S Brumbaugh
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, CT 06106, USA
| | - Anderson M Winkler
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, CT 06106, USA Oxford University, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK and
| | - Aleksandar Savic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT 06519, USA University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA NIAAA Center for the Translational Neuroscience of Alcoholism, New Haven, CT 06519, USA Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA Department of Neurobiology, Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, CT 06106, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, CT 06106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Anticevic A, Brumbaugh MS, Winkler AM, Lombardo LE, Barrett J, Corlett PR, Kober H, Gruber J, Repovs G, Cole MW, Krystal JH, Pearlson GD, Glahn DC. Global prefrontal and fronto-amygdala dysconnectivity in bipolar I disorder with psychosis history. Biol Psychiatry 2013; 73:565-73. [PMID: 22980587 PMCID: PMC3549314 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathophysiological models of bipolar disorder postulate that mood dysregulation arises from fronto-limbic dysfunction, marked by reduced prefrontal cortex (PFC) inhibitory control. This might occur due to both disruptions within PFC networks and abnormal inhibition over subcortical structures involved in emotional processing. However, no study has examined global PFC dysconnectivity in bipolar disorder and tested whether regions with within-PFC dysconnectivity also exhibit fronto-limbic connectivity deficits. Furthermore, no study has investigated whether such connectivity disruptions differ for bipolar patients with psychosis history, who might exhibit a more severe clinical course. METHODS We collected resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3T in 68 remitted bipolar I patients (34 with psychosis history) and 51 demographically matched healthy participants. We employed a recently developed global brain connectivity method, restricted to PFC (rGBC). We also independently tested connectivity between anatomically defined amygdala and PFC. RESULTS Bipolar patients exhibited reduced medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) rGBC, increased amygdala-mPFC connectivity, and reduced connectivity between amygdala and dorsolateral PFC. All effects were driven by psychosis history. Moreover, the magnitude of observed effects was significantly associated with lifetime psychotic symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS This convergence between rGBC, seed-based amygdala findings, and symptom severity analyses highlights that mPFC, a core emotion regulation region, exhibits both within-PFC dysconnectivity and connectivity abnormalities with limbic structures in bipolar illness. Furthermore, lateral PFC dysconnectivity in patients with psychosis history converges with published work in schizophrenia, indicating possible shared risk factors. Observed dysconnectivity in remitted patients suggests a bipolar trait characteristic and might constitute a risk factor for phasic features of the disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
| | - Margaret S. Brumbaugh
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, CT, 06106, USA
| | - Anderson M. Winkler
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, CT, 06106, USA
| | - Lauren E. Lombardo
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, CT, 06106, USA
| | - Jennifer Barrett
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, CT, 06106, USA
| | - Phillip R. Corlett
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Hedy Kober
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA,Department of Psychology, Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Avenue, P.O. Box 208205, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - June Gruber
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA,Department of Psychology, Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Avenue, P.O. Box 208205, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Grega Repovs
- Department of Psychology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - John H. Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA,NIAAA Center for the Translational Neuroscience of Alcoholism, New Haven, CT 06519,Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT
| | - Godfrey D. Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, CT, 06106, USA,Department of Neurobiology, Yale University, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - David C. Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, CT, 06106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Anticevic A, Repovs G, Barch DM. Working memory encoding and maintenance deficits in schizophrenia: neural evidence for activation and deactivation abnormalities. Schizophr Bull 2013; 39:168-78. [PMID: 21914644 PMCID: PMC3523909 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbr107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Substantial evidence implicates working memory (WM) as a core deficit in schizophrenia (SCZ), purportedly due to primary deficits in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex functioning. Recent findings suggest that SCZ is also associated with abnormalities in suppression of certain regions during cognitive engagement--namely the default mode system--that may further contribute to WM pathology. However, no study has systematically examined activation and suppression abnormalities across both encoding and maintenance phases of WM in SCZ. Twenty-eight patients and 24 demographically matched healthy subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3T while performing a delayed match-to-sample WM task. Groups were accuracy matched to rule out performance effects. Encoding load was identical across subjects to facilitate comparisons across WM phases. We examined activation differences using an assumed model approach at the whole-brain level and within meta-analytically defined WM areas. Despite matched performance, we found regions showing less recruitment during encoding and maintenance for SCZ subjects. Furthermore, we identified 2 areas closely matching the default system, which SCZ subjects failed to deactivate across WM phases. Lastly, activation in prefrontal regions predicted the degree of deactivation for healthy but not SCZ subjects. Current results replicate and extend prefrontal recruitment abnormalities across WM phases in SCZ. Results also indicate deactivation abnormalities across WM phases, possibly due to inefficient prefrontal recruitment. Such regional deactivation may be critical for suppressing sources of interference during WM trace formation. Thus, deactivation deficits may constitute an additional source of impairments, which needs to be further characterized for a complete understanding of WM pathology in SCZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
| | - Grega Repovs
- Department of Psychology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Deanna M. Barch
- Department of Psychology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO,Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO,Department of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Anticevic A, Repovs G, Krystal JH, Barch DM. A broken filter: prefrontal functional connectivity abnormalities in schizophrenia during working memory interference. Schizophr Res 2012; 141:8-14. [PMID: 22863548 PMCID: PMC3879404 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Characterizing working memory (WM) abnormalities represents a fundamental challenge in schizophrenia research given the impact of cognitive deficits on life outcome in patients. In prior work we demonstrated that dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activation was related to successful distracter resistance during WM in healthy controls, but not in schizophrenia. Although understanding the impact of regional functional deficits is critical, functional connectivity abnormalities among nodes within WM networks may constitute a final common pathway for WM impairment. Therefore, this study tested the hypothesis that schizophrenia is associated with functional connectivity abnormalities within DLPFC networks during distraction conditions in WM. 28 patients and 24 controls completed a delayed non-verbal WM task that included transient visual distraction during the WM maintenance phase. We computed DLPFC whole-brain task-based functional connectivity (tb-fcMRI) specifically during the maintenance phase in the presence or absence of distraction. Results revealed that patients failed to modulate tb-fcMRI during distracter presentation in both cortical and sub-cortical regions. Specifically, controls demonstrated reductions in tb-fcMRI between DLPFC and the extended amygdala when distraction was present. Conversely, patients failed to demonstrate a change in coupling with the amygdala, but showed greater connectivity with medio-dorsal thalamus. While controls showed more positive coupling between DLPFC and other prefrontal cortical regions during distracter presentation, patients failed to exhibit such a modulation. Taken together, these findings support the notion that observed distracter resistance deficit involves a breakdown in coupling between DLPFC and distributed regions, encompassing both subcortical (thalamic/limbic) and control region connectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Emotional abnormalities are a critical clinical feature of schizophrenia (SCZ), but complete understanding of their underlying neuropathology is lacking. Numerous studies have examined amygdala activation in response to affective stimuli in SCZ, but no consensus has emerged. However, behavioral studies examining 'in-the-moment' processing of affect have suggested intact emotional processing in SCZ. To examine which aspects of emotional processing may be impaired in SCZ, we combined behavior and neuroimaging to investigate effects of aversive stimuli during minimal cognitive engagement, at the level of behavior, amygdala recruitment, and its whole-brain task-based functional connectivity (tb-fcMRI) because impairments may manifest when examining across-region functional integration. Twenty-eight patients and 24 matched controls underwent rapid event-related fMRI at 3 T while performing a simple perceptual decision task with negative or neutral distraction. We examined perceptual decision slowing, amygdala activation, and whole-brain amygdala tb-fcMRI, while ensuring group signal-to-noise profile matching. Following scanning, subjects rated all images for experienced arousal and valence. No significant group differences emerged for negative vs neutral reaction time, emotional ratings across groups, or amygdala activation. However, even in the absence of behavioral or activation differences, SCZ subjects demonstrated significantly weaker amygdala-prefrontal cortical coupling, specifically during negative distraction. Whereas in-the-moment perception, behavioral response, and amygdala recruitment to negative stimuli during minimal cognitive load seem to be intact, there is evidence of aberrant amygdala-prefrontal integration in SCZ subjects. Such abnormalities may prove critical for understanding disturbances in patients' ability to use affective cues when guiding higher level cognitive processes needed in social interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Anticevic A, Van Snellenberg JX, Cohen RE, Repovs G, Dowd EC, Barch DM. Amygdala recruitment in schizophrenia in response to aversive emotional material: a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies. Schizophr Bull 2012; 38:608-21. [PMID: 21123853 PMCID: PMC3329999 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbq131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Emotional dysfunction has long been established as a critical clinical feature of schizophrenia. In the past decade, there has been extensive work examining the potential contribution of abnormal amygdala activation to this dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia. A number of studies have demonstrated under-recruitment of the amygdala in response to emotional stimuli, while others have shown intact recruitment of this region. To date, there have been few attempts to synthesize this literature using quantitative criteria or to use a formal meta-analytic approach to examine which variables may moderate the magnitude of between-group differences in amygdala activation in response to aversive emotional stimuli. We conducted a meta-analysis of amygdala activation in patients with schizophrenia, using a bootstrapping approach to investigate: (a) evidence for amygdala under-recruitment in schizophrenia and (b) variables that may moderate the magnitude of between-group differences in amygdala activation. We demonstrate that patients with schizophrenia show statistically significant, but modest, under-recruitment of bilateral amygdala (mean effect size = -0.20 SD). However, present findings indicate that this under-recruitment is dependent on the use of a neutral vs emotion interaction contrast and is not apparent if amygdala activation by patients and controls is evaluated in a negative emotional condition only.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Luking KR, Repovs G, Belden AC, Gaffrey MS, Botteron KN, Luby JL, Barch DM. Functional connectivity of the amygdala in early-childhood-onset depression. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2011; 50:1027-41.e3. [PMID: 21961777 PMCID: PMC3185293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adult major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with reduced cortico-limbic functional connectivity thought to indicate decreased top-down control of emotion. However, it is unclear whether such connectivity alterations are also present in early-childhood-onset MDD. METHOD A total of 51 children 7 through 11 years of age who had been prospectively studied since preschool age, completed resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and were assigned to one of four groups: 1) C-MDD (N = 13), those children with a personal history of early-childhood-onset MDD; 2) M-MDD (N = 11), those with a maternal history of affective disorders; 3) CM-MDD (N = 13), those with both maternal and early-childhood-onset MDD; or 4) CON (N = 14), those without either a personal or maternal history of MDD. We used seed-based resting state functional connectivity (rsfcMRI) analysis in an independent sample of adults to identify networks showing both positive (e.g., limbic regions) and negative (e.g., dorsal frontal/parietal regions) connectivity with the amygdala. These regions were then used in region-of-interest-based analyses of our child sample. RESULTS We found a significant interaction between maternal affective disorder history and the child's MDD history for both positive and negative rsfcMRI networks. Specifically, when compared with CON, we found reduced connectivity between the amygdala and the "negative network" in children with C-MDD, M-MDD, and CM-MDD. Children with either C-MDD or a maternal history of MDD (but not CM-MDD) displayed reduced connectivity between the amygdala and the "positive network." CONCLUSIONS Our finding of an attenuated relationship between the amygdala, a region affected in MDD and involved in emotion processing, and cognitive control regions is consistent with a hypothesis of altered regulation of emotional processing in C-MDD, suggesting developmental continuity of this alteration into early childhood.
Collapse
|
24
|
Anticevic A, Repovs G, Dierker DL, Harwell JW, Coalson TS, Barch DM, Van Essen DC. Automated landmark identification for human cortical surface-based registration. Neuroimage 2011; 59:2539-47. [PMID: 21925612 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.08.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Volume-based registration (VBR) is the predominant method used in human neuroimaging to compensate for individual variability. However, surface-based registration (SBR) techniques have an inherent advantage over VBR because they respect the topology of the convoluted cortical sheet. There is evidence that existing SBR methods indeed confer a registration advantage over affine VBR. Landmark-SBR constrains registration using explicit landmarks to represent corresponding geographical locations on individual and atlas surfaces. The need for manual landmark identification has been an impediment to the widespread adoption of Landmark-SBR. To circumvent this obstacle, we have implemented and evaluated an automated landmark identification (ALI) algorithm for registration to the human PALS-B12 atlas. We compared ALI performance with that from two trained human raters and one expert anatomical rater (ENR). We employed both quantitative and qualitative quality assurance metrics, including a biologically meaningful analysis of hemispheric asymmetry. ALI performed well across all quality assurance tests, indicating that it yields robust and largely accurate results that require only modest manual correction (<10 min per subject). ALI largely circumvents human error and bias and enables high throughput analysis of large neuroimaging datasets for inter-subject registration to an atlas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cole MW, Anticevic A, Repovs G, Barch D. Variable global dysconnectivity and individual differences in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2011; 70:43-50. [PMID: 21496789 PMCID: PMC3204885 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A fundamental challenge for understanding neuropsychiatric disease is identifying sources of individual differences in psychopathology, especially when there is substantial heterogeneity of symptom expression, such as is found in schizophrenia (SCZ). We hypothesized that such heterogeneity might arise in part from consistently widespread yet variably patterned alterations in the connectivity of focal brain regions. METHODS We used resting state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging to identify variable global dysconnectivity in 23 patients with DSM-IV SCZ relative to 22 age-, gender-, and parental socioeconomic status-matched control subjects with a novel global brain connectivity method that is robust to high variability across individuals. We examined cognitive functioning with a modified Sternberg task and subtests from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition. We measured symptom severity with the Scale for Assessment of Positive and Negative Symptoms. RESULTS We identified a dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) region with global and highly variable dysconnectivity involving within-PFC underconnectivity and non-PFC overconnectivity in patients. Variability in this "under/over" pattern of dysconnectivity strongly predicted the severity of cognitive deficits (matrix reasoning IQ, verbal IQ, and working memory performance) as well as individual differences in every cardinal symptom domain of SCZ (poverty, reality distortion, and disorganization). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that global dysconnectivity underlies dorsolateral PFC involvement in the neuropathology of SCZ. Furthermore, these results demonstrate the possibility that specific patterns of dysconnectivity with a given network hub region might explain individual differences in symptom presentation in SCZ. Critically, such findings might extend to other neuropathologies with diverse presentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Cole
- Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Repovs G, Csernansky JG, Barch DM. Brain network connectivity in individuals with schizophrenia and their siblings. Biol Psychiatry 2011; 69:967-73. [PMID: 21193174 PMCID: PMC3081915 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on brain activity in schizophrenia has shown that changes in the function of any single region cannot explain the range of cognitive and affective impairments in this illness. Rather, neural circuits that support sensory, cognitive, and emotional processes are now being investigated as substrates for cognitive and affective impairments in schizophrenia, a shift in focus consistent with long-standing hypotheses about schizophrenia as a disconnection syndrome. Our goal was to further examine alterations in functional connectivity within and between the default mode network and three cognitive control networks (frontal-parietal, cingulo-opercular, and cerebellar) as a basis for such impairments. METHODS Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging was collected from 40 individuals with DSM-IV-TR schizophrenia, 31 siblings of individuals with schizophrenia, 15 healthy control subjects, and 18 siblings of healthy control subjects while they rested quietly with their eyes closed. Connectivity metrics were compared between patients and control subjects for both within- and between-network connections and were used to predict clinical symptoms and cognitive function. RESULTS Individuals with schizophrenia showed reduced distal and somewhat enhanced local connectivity between the cognitive control networks compared with control subjects. Additionally, greater connectivity between the frontal-parietal and cerebellar regions was robustly predictive of better cognitive performance across groups and predictive of fewer disorganization symptoms among patients. CONCLUSIONS These results are consistent with the hypothesis that impairments of executive function and cognitive control result from disruption in the coordination of activity across brain networks and additionally suggest that these might reflect impairments in normal pattern of brain connectivity development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grega Repovs
- Department of Psychology, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - John G. Csernansky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Ontario Building, 446 East Ontario Street, Suite 7–100, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Deanna M. Barch
- Departments of Psychology, Psychiatry, & Radiology, Washington University in Saint Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus box 1125, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Becerril KE, Repovs G, Barch DM. Error processing network dynamics in schizophrenia. Neuroimage 2010; 54:1495-505. [PMID: 20883800 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Current theories of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia emphasize an impairment in the ability of individuals suffering from this disorder to monitor their own performance, and adjust their behavior to changing demands. Detecting an error in performance is a critical component of evaluative functions that allow the flexible adjustment of behavior to optimize outcomes. The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) has been repeatedly implicated in error-detection and implementation of error-based behavioral adjustments. However, accurate error-detection and subsequent behavioral adjustments are unlikely to rely on a single brain region. Recent research demonstrates that regions in the anterior insula, inferior parietal lobule, anterior prefrontal cortex, thalamus, and cerebellum also show robust error-related activity, and integrate into a functional network. Despite the relevance of examining brain activity related to the processing of error information and supporting behavioral adjustments in terms of a distributed network, the contribution of regions outside the dACC to error processing remains poorly understood. To address this question, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine error-related responses in 37 individuals with schizophrenia and 32 healthy controls in regions identified in the basic science literature as being involved in error processing, and determined whether their activity was related to behavioral adjustments. Our imaging results support previous findings showing that regions outside the dACC are sensitive to error commission, and demonstrated that abnormalities in brain responses to errors among individuals with schizophrenia extend beyond the dACC to almost all of the regions involved in error-related processing in controls. However, error related responses in the dACC were most predictive of behavioral adjustments in both groups. Moreover, the integration of this network of regions differed between groups, with the cerebellar regions and the dACC less connected to the network in individuals with schizophrenia compared to controls. Our findings demonstrate a blunted response to error commission in the dACC that is associated with reduced error-related behavioral adjustments in individuals with schizophrenia. This result supports the hypothesis that a failure to respond appropriately to errors in individuals with schizophrenia is linked to alterations in dACC function leading to a compromise in the implementation of cognitive control. Our findings highlight the importance of examining brain activity related to the processing of error information and supporting error-related behavioral adjustments in terms of a distributed network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karla E Becerril
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kramberger MG, Stukovnik V, Cus A, Repovs G, Tomse P, Meglic NP, Garasević Z, Jensterle J, Pirtosek Z. Parkinson's disease dementia: clinical correlates of brain spect perfusion and treatment. Psychiatr Danub 2010; 22:446-449. [PMID: 20856190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main clinical feature of dementia in Parkinson's disease is a dysexecutive syndrome. The neuropathology of PD dementia (PDD) is likely multifactorial and affects several neuronal populations. There is evidence that Parkinson's disease dementia is associated with a cholinergic deficit, supporting the therapeutic role of cholinesterase inhibitors, which are already first-line agents in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The paper includes short report on a pilot study with description of cognitive and imaging profiles in patients with mild to moderate stage of Parkinson disease dementia (PDD). SUBJECTS AND METHODS A random sample of 16 patients with clinical diagnostic criteria for probable PDD was included in the study. Patients were characterized with mild to moderate cognitive decline slightly depressive mood and moderate motor performance. Brain perfusion [(99m)Tc]ECD / SPECT and structural MRI with emphasis on evaluation of the degree of cortical atrophy and the medial temporal atrophy index was performed. All patients had detailed neuropsychological evaluation using a "cognitive process approach". Neuropsychological data were correlated voxel-wise with normalized brain perfusion images, creating whole-brain correlation maps. CONCLUSIONS Previously reported generalized cognitive impairment in PDD with predominant executive, visouspatial and attentional deficits was confirmed. Performance on specific cognitive measures was correlated with perfusion brain SPECT findings. It could be speculated that different pathological mechanisms underlie widespread significant brain perfusion decrements in temporal, parietal and frontal regions.
Collapse
|
29
|
Anticevic A, Repovs G, Van Snellenberg JX, Csernansky JG, Barch DM. Subcortical alignment precision in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2010; 120:76-83. [PMID: 20097545 PMCID: PMC2888871 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2009.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous work has demonstrated less accurate alignment of cortical structures for patients with schizophrenia than for matched control subjects when using affine registration techniques. Such a mismatch presents a potential confound for functional neuroimaging studies conducting between-group comparisons. Critically, the same issues may be present for subcortical structures. However, to date no study has explicitly investigated alignment precision for major subcortical structures in patients with schizophrenia. Thus, to address this question we used methods previously validated for assessment of cortical alignment precision to examine alignment precision of subcortical structures. In contrasts to our results with cortex, we found that major subcortical structures (i.e. amygdala, caudate, hippocampus, pallidum, putamen and thalamus) showed similar alignment precision for schizophrenia (N=48) and control subjects (N=45) regardless of the template used (other individuals with schizophrenia or healthy controls). Taken together, the present results show that, unlike cortex, alignment for six major subcortical structures is not compromised in patients with schizophrenia and as such is unlikely to confound between-group functional neuroimaging investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Grega Repovs
- Department of Psychology, University of Ljubljana
| | | | | | - Deanna M. Barch
- Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Foster ER, McDaniel MA, Repovs G, Hershey T. Prospective memory in Parkinson disease across laboratory and self-reported everyday performance. Neuropsychology 2009; 23:347-58. [PMID: 19413448 DOI: 10.1037/a0014692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospective memory is a complex cognitive construct ubiquitous in everyday life that is thought to sometimes rely on executive skills commonly affected by Parkinson's disease (PD). The present study investigated the effect of PD on prospective memory tasks with varying demand on executive control processes, namely on the amount of strategic attentional monitoring required for intention retrieval. Individuals with PD but without dementia and healthy adults performed laboratory event-based prospective memory tasks that varied in whether strategic attentional monitoring (nonfocal condition) or spontaneous processes (focal condition) were primarily involved in intention retrieval. Participants also completed a questionnaire rating their frequency of prospective memory failures in everyday life for both self-cued and environment-cued tasks. PD participants performed worse than non-PD participants in the nonfocal, but not focal, condition of the laboratory task. They also reported more everyday failures than non-PD participants for self-cued, but not environment-cued, prospective memory tasks. Thus, nondemented individuals with PD are preferentially impaired on prospective memory tasks for which higher levels of executive control are needed to support intention retrieval. This pattern is consistent across laboratory and reported real-world performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Foster
- Department of Neurology, Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kepe V, Ghetti B, Farlow MR, Bresjanac M, Miller K, Huang SC, Wong KP, Murrell JR, Piccardo P, Epperson F, Repovs G, Smid LM, Petric A, Siddarth P, Liu J, Satyamurthy N, Small GW, Barrio JR. PET of brain prion protein amyloid in Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease. Brain Pathol 2009; 20:419-30. [PMID: 19725833 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2009.00306.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo amyloid PET imaging was carried out on six symptomatic and asymptomatic carriers of PRNP mutations associated with the Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) disease, a rare familial neurodegenerative brain disorder demonstrating prion amyloid neuropathology, using 2-(1-{6-[(2-[F-18]fluoroethyl)(methyl)amino]-2-naphthyl}ethylidene)malononitrile ([F-18]FDDNP). 2-Deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-d-glucose PET ([F-18]FDG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were also performed in each subject. Increased [F-18]FDDNP binding was detectable in cerebellum, neocortex and subcortical areas of all symptomatic gene carriers in close association with the experienced clinical symptoms. Parallel glucose metabolism ([F-18]FDG) reduction was observed in neocortex, basal ganglia and/or thalamus, which supports the close relationship between [F-18]FDDNP binding and neuronal dysfunction. Two asymptomatic gene carriers displayed no cortical [F-18]FDDNP binding, yet progressive [F-18]FDDNP retention in caudate nucleus and thalamus was seen at 1- and 2-year follow-up in the older asymptomatic subject. In vitro FDDNP labeling experiments on brain tissue specimens from deceased GSS subjects not participating in the in vivo studies indicated that in vivo accumulation of [F-18]FDDNP in subcortical structures, neocortices and cerebellum closely related to the distribution of prion protein pathology. These results demonstrate the feasibility of detecting prion protein accumulation in living patients with [F-18]FDDNP PET, and suggest an opportunity for its application to follow disease progression and monitor therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Kepe
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, Calif 90095-6948, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Pisljar M, Pirtosek Z, Repovs G, Grgic M. Executive dysfunction in late-onset depression. Psychiatr Danub 2008; 20:231-235. [PMID: 18587296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression in the elderly is frequently accompanied by cognitive impairment. Executive dysfunction, including disturbances in planning, sequencing, organizing and abstracting has been reported in late-onset depression. They were found to be associated with relapse and recurrence of geriatric major depression and with residual depressive symptoms. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A group of patients with late-onset depression, compared with age matched healthy volunteers, were assessed for deficits in executive functioning. We used the computer version of Stroop Color-Word test enabling more detailed reaction time analysis. Severity of depression was evaluated with Hamilton depression rating scale and Geriatric depression scale. RESULTS The preliminary results of a study show that patients with late-onset depression have increased absolute reaction times in Stroop colour-word test. Significant differences in the magnitude of individual interference effects pointing towards a characteristic change in attentional processes in depressed patients. CONCLUSION The preliminary results of a study comparing a group of elderly depressed patients with a control group of older healthy volunteers confirm changes in executive functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Pisljar
- Psychiatric Hospital Idrija, Pot sv. Antona 49, SI-5280 Idrija, Slovenia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Repovs G, Baddeley A. The multi-component model of working memory: Explorations in experimental cognitive psychology. Neuroscience 2006; 139:5-21. [PMID: 16517088 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2005] [Revised: 11/28/2005] [Accepted: 12/04/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
There are a number of ways one can hope to describe and explain cognitive abilities, each of them contributing a unique and valuable perspective. Cognitive psychology tries to develop and test functional accounts of cognitive systems that explain the capacities and properties of cognitive abilities as revealed by empirical data gathered by a range of behavioral experimental paradigms. Much of the research in the cognitive psychology of working memory has been strongly influenced by the multi-component model of working memory [Baddeley AD, Hitch GJ (1974) Working memory. In: Recent advances in learning and motivation, Vol. 8 (Bower GA, ed), pp 47-90. New York: Academic Press; Baddeley AD (1986) Working memory. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press; Baddeley A. Working memory: Thought and action. Oxford: Oxford University Press, in press]. By expanding the notion of a passive short-term memory to an active system that provides the basis for complex cognitive abilities, the model has opened up numerous questions and new lines of research. In this paper we present the current revision of the multi-component model that encompasses a central executive, two unimodal storage systems: a phonological loop and a visuospatial sketchpad, and a further component, a multimodal store capable of integrating information into unitary episodic representations, termed episodic buffer. We review recent empirical data within experimental cognitive psychology that has shaped the development of the multicomponent model and the understanding of the capacities and properties of working memory. Research based largely on dual-task experimental designs and on neuropsychological evidence has yielded valuable information about the fractionation of working memory into independent stores and processes, the nature of representations in individual stores, the mechanisms of their maintenance and manipulation, the way the components of working memory relate to each other, and the role they play in other cognitive abilities. With many questions still open and new issues emerging, we believe that the multicomponent model will continue to stimulate research while providing a comprehensive functional description of working memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Repovs
- Department of Psychology, Washington University, Campus Box 1125, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mohorko N, Kregar-Velikonja N, Repovs G, Gorensek M, Bresjanac M. An in vitro study of Hoechst 33342 redistribution and its effects on cell viability. Hum Exp Toxicol 2006; 24:573-80. [PMID: 16323574 DOI: 10.1191/0960327105ht570oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Although Hoechst 33342 (H342) is frequently used to label donor cells in cell transplantation research, it has been noted that it might secondarily label the host cells. Furthermore, its potential toxicity leading to cell death has been described. We studied the time course of H342 redistribution from the primary labeled rat bone marrow stromal cells (rBMSC) into the non-labeled rBMSC population over 7 days in culture; we evaluated the nuclear H342 fluorescence intensity as a possible criterion for distinguishing the primary from the secondary labeled cells, and determined the viability of rBMSC after an overnight incubation in 1 microg/mL of H342. H342 labeled >50% of the initially non-labeled cells within the first 6 hours and almost 90% within a week. Nuclear fluorescence intensity was a reliable criterion for distinguishing primary and secondary labeled cells within the first 24 hours, but less so at later time points. The percentage of either apoptotic or necrotic cells did not rise acutely after the overnight incubation in 1 microg/mL of H342. Although a 12-hour incubation of rBMSC in 1 microg/mL of H342 did not cause acute cell death, H342 rapidly and extensively redistributed into non-labeled cells, which makes H342 a relatively unsuitable marker for cell transplantation research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Mohorko
- LNPR, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, Zaloska, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Polic M, Repovs G, Natek K, Klemencic M, Kos D, Ule M, Marusic I, Kucan A. A cognitive map of Slovenia: Perceptions of the regions. International Journal of Psychology 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/00207590444000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|