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Bunaim MK, Damanhuri HA, Yow HY, Yaakob NS, Makmor-Bakry M, Azmi N. Understanding methiopropamine, a new psychoactive substance: an in-depth review on its chemistry, pharmacology and implications to human health. Int J Legal Med 2024; 138:1295-1306. [PMID: 38424369 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03201-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Methiopropamine or 1-(thiophen-2-yl)-2-methylaminopropane (MPA) is a thiophene ring-based structural analogue of methamphetamine, first synthesized in 1942 but become popular when it started to be available for purchase on websites selling 'legal highs' since 2010. While it is legally controlled in many countries, it remains readily accessible and frequently encountered in recreational settings. The growing prevalence of MPA use results in new therapeutic challenges. Relatively few studies have focused on its pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, making it important to better understand its potential risks and harmful effects in humans in terms of its toxicity. This review provides a comprehensive profiling of MPA toxicological properties, including its chemical properties, analytical methods, prevalence, patterns of use, and legal status. Additionally, it discusses the drug's effects on the central nervous system, its potential for addiction, and its adverse physical and mental health effects. Improving the understanding of safety aspects of MPA and how it imposes health threats for public health will guide the development of therapeutic approach of its intoxication and guide the authorities in deciding its legal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Khairulanwar Bunaim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Hanafi Ahmad Damanhuri
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hui-Yin Yow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Syafinaz Yaakob
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Makmor-Bakry
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norazrina Azmi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Cheslack-Postava K, Cycowicz YM, Rodriguez-Moreno DV, Amsel LV, Musa GJ, Ryan M, Bresnahan M, Tang H, Geronazzo-Alman L, Bisaga A, Wang Z, He X, Hoven CW. Characteristics of Adolescents with and without a Family History of Substance Use Disorder from a Minority Cohort. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:671. [PMID: 38929250 PMCID: PMC11201943 DOI: 10.3390/children11060671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Family history (FH+) of substance use disorder (SUD) is an established risk factor for offspring SUD. The extent to which offspring psychological traits or the family environment, each of which may be relevant to familial transmission of SUD risk, vary by FH+ in socioeconomically disadvantaged populations is less clear. We compared the family/social environmental and psychological characteristics of 73 FH+ and 69 FH- youth ages 12-16, from a study of parental criminal justice system involvement in a primarily low-income, minority urban population. A latent profile analysis (LPA) empirically identified groups of subjects with similar psychological characteristics, which were then compared by FH+. FH+ youths were found to have greater mean household size, greater parental psychological aggression, and a higher mean number of adverse childhood experiences, even without considering parental SUD. FH+ individuals had lower report card grades according to parental report and were more likely to have a history of externalizing disorders than FH- individuals. However, FH+ was not significantly associated with many psychological characteristics or with the class membership from the LPA. In conclusion, among a population of low-income, minority urban youth, FH+ was associated with differences in the family environment and only subtle differences in individual psychological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keely Cheslack-Postava
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yael M. Cycowicz
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Diana V. Rodriguez-Moreno
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lawrence V. Amsel
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - George J. Musa
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Megan Ryan
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michaeline Bresnahan
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Huilan Tang
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lupo Geronazzo-Alman
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Adam Bisaga
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zhishun Wang
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xiaofu He
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Christina W. Hoven
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Das S, Singh LK, Tikka SK, Spoorthy MS, Mandal S, Soni PK, Nandan NK. Cognitive impairment in 'non-user' first-degree relatives of persons with cannabis dependence syndrome: A pilot, endophenotype study. Early Interv Psychiatry 2024; 18:346-354. [PMID: 37726210 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cannabis use disorders are global emerging problem nowadays, with high prevalence and morbidity. Cognitive impairments, and also corresponding genetic vulnerability, has been fairly replicated in individuals with cannabis dependence. However, there are few studies that assess cognitive functioning as an endophenotype or a trait marker for cannabis dependence. While the primary objective of this study was to assess the endophenotype pattern of cognitive dysfunction in cannabis dependence, assessing the association between the degree of cognitive functioning, and their socio-demographic and clinical variables in the cannabis dependence patients and their first-degree relatives was the secondary objective. METHODOLOGY We compared cognitive functioning across three groups- patients with cannabis dependence syndrome, their 'non-user' first-degree relatives and healthy controls, with 30 participants in each group. Five cognitive domains- attention and concentration, verbal fluency, memory, visuospatial ability and executive functions were assessed. We assessed for endophenotype pattern of statistical significance in pairwise analyses of Kruskal-Wallis test, which was corrected for multiple comparisons. Subsequently, correlation analysis to assess association of cognitive impairment with socio-demographic and clinical variables was conducted. RESULTS Although impairment in attention and executive functions also was seen in patients with cannabis dependence, endophenotype pattern of statistical significance in pairwise analyses, with impairment in first-degree relatives too, was seen in all sub-scores of verbal fluency and verbal memory. None of the correlations were significant. CONCLUSION 'Non-user' first-degree relatives of patients with cannabis dependence too show significant cognitive impairment. Verbal fluency and verbal memory are possible endophenotypes or trait markers for cannabis dependence syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrayasi Das
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raipur, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raipur, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Neethu K Nandan
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raipur, India
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Jansen JM, Franse ME. Executive functioning in antisocial behavior: A multi-level systematic meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2024; 109:102408. [PMID: 38430781 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Neurobiological information - including executive functioning - is increasingly relevant for forensic clinical practice, as well as for the criminal justice system. Previous meta-analyses report that antisocial populations show impaired performance on executive functioning tasks, but these meta-analyses are outdated, have limitations in their methodological approach, and are therefore in need of an update. The current multi-level meta-analysis including 133 studies (2008-2023) confirms impaired performance in executive functioning (d=.42), but studies are heterogeneous. Several moderator analyses showed that neuropsychological test used, type of executive function component, and control group characteristics moderated the overall effect. Specifically, matching psychiatric problems in the non-antisocial control group eliminated any differences in executive functioning between groups. No moderation effects were found for assessment quality, hot or cold executive functions, and various population characteristics. These results could indicate that the assessment of executive functioning in antisocial populations may be less relevant for recidivism risk assessment than thought, although this should first be assessed in prospective longitudinal studies. Executive functioning could potentially be used to identify or screen for individuals with certain treatment needs or be used as a responsivity factor, especially in disorders which are often underdiagnosed in criminal justice settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochem Milan Jansen
- Institute for Criminal Law & Criminology, Faculty of Law, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands; Inforsa, Arkin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Melanie Elisabeth Franse
- Netherlands Institute of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, Department of Science and Education, Herman Gorterstraat 5, 3511EW Utrecht, Netherlands; Institute of Education and Child Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333AK Leiden, Netherlands
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Nestor LJ, Luijten M, Ziauddeen H, Regenthal R, Sahakian BJ, Robbins TW, Ersche KD. The Modulatory Effects of Atomoxetine on Aberrant Connectivity During Attentional Processing in Cocaine Use Disorder. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024; 9:314-325. [PMID: 37619670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cocaine use disorder is associated with cognitive deficits that reflect dysfunctional processing across neural systems. Because there are currently no approved medications, treatment centers provide behavioral interventions that have only short-term efficacy. This suggests that behavioral interventions are not sufficient by themselves to lead to the maintenance of abstinence in patients with cocaine use disorder. Self-control, which includes the regulation of attention, is critical for dealing with many daily challenges that would benefit from medication interventions that can ameliorate cognitive neural disturbances. METHODS To address this important clinical gap, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design study in patients with cocaine use disorder (n = 23) and healthy control participants (n = 28). We assessed the modulatory effects of acute atomoxetine (40 mg) on attention and conflict monitoring and their associated neural activation and connectivity correlates during performance on the Eriksen flanker task. The Eriksen flanker task examines basic attentional processing using congruent stimuli and the effects of conflict monitoring and response inhibition using incongruent stimuli, the latter of which necessitates the executive control of attention. RESULTS We found that atomoxetine improved task accuracy only in the cocaine group but modulated connectivity within distinct brain networks in both groups during congruent trials. During incongruent trials, the cocaine group showed increased task-related activation in the right inferior frontal and anterior cingulate gyri, as well as greater network connectivity than the control group across treatments. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the current study support a modulatory effect of acute atomoxetine on attention and associated connectivity in cocaine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam J Nestor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Maartje Luijten
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hisham Ziauddeen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Fiona Stanley and Fremantle Hospital Group, Perth, Australia
| | - Ralf Regenthal
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Barbara J Sahakian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Karen D Ersche
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
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van Ruitenbeek P, Franzen L, Mason NL, Stiers P, Ramaekers JG. Methylphenidate as a treatment option for substance use disorder: a transdiagnostic perspective. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1208120. [PMID: 37599874 PMCID: PMC10435872 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1208120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A transition in viewing mental disorders from conditions defined as a set of unique characteristics to one of the quantitative variations on a collection of dimensions allows overlap between disorders. The overlap can be utilized to extend to treatment approaches. Here, we consider the overlap between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance use disorder to probe the suitability to use methylphenidate as a treatment for substance use disorder. Both disorders are characterized by maladaptive goal-directed behavior, impaired cognitive control, hyperactive phasic dopaminergic neurotransmission in the striatum, prefrontal hypoactivation, and reduced frontal cortex gray matter volume/density. In addition, methylphenidate has been shown to improve cognitive control and normalize associated brain activation in substance use disorder patients and clinical trials have found methylphenidate to improve clinical outcomes. Despite the theoretical basis and promising, but preliminary, outcomes, many questions remain unanswered. Most prominent is whether all patients who are addicted to different substances may equally profit from methylphenidate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter van Ruitenbeek
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Willson C. Misadventures in Toxicology: Concentration Matters for Testosterone-Induced Neurotoxicity. TOXICS 2023; 11:258. [PMID: 36977023 PMCID: PMC10057866 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Testosterone is the predominant androgen in men and has important physiological functions. Due to declining testosterone levels from a variety of causes, testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is increasingly utilized, while testosterone is also abused for aesthetic and performance-enhancing purposes. It has been increasingly speculated that aside from more well-established side effects, testosterone may cause neurological damage. However, the in vitro data utilized to support such claims is limited due to the high concentrations used, lack of consideration of tissue distribution, and species differences in sensitivity to testosterone. In most cases, the concentrations studied in vitro are unlikely to be reached in the human brain. Observational data in humans concerning the potential for deleterious changes in brain structure and function are limited by their inherent design as well as significant potential confounders. More research is needed as the currently available data are limited; however, what is available provides rather weak evidence to suggest that testosterone use or abuse has neurotoxic potential in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Willson
- EuSci LLC, 1309 S 204th St, #293, Elkhorn, NE 68022, USA
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Graczyk MM, Sahakian BJ, Robbins TW, Ersche KD. Genotype-by-diagnosis interaction influences self-control in human cocaine addiction. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:51. [PMID: 36774338 PMCID: PMC9922269 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02347-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Not everyone who uses drugs loses control over their intake, which is a hallmark of addiction. Although familial risk studies suggest significant addiction heritability, the genetic basis of vulnerability to drug addiction remains largely unknown. In the present study, we investigate the relationship between self-control, cocaine use, and the rs36024 single nucleotide polymorphism of the noradrenaline transporter gene (SLC6A2). We hypothesize that C-allele-carrying adults show impaired self-control, as measured by the stop-signal task and demonstrated previously in adolescents, and further exacerbated by chronic cocaine use. Patients with cocaine use disorder (CUD, n = 79) and healthy unrelated participants with no history of drug abuse (n = 54) completed the stop-signal task. All participants were genotyped for rs36024 allelic variants (CC/TT homozygotes, CT heterozygotes). We measured mean stop-signal reaction time, reflecting the ability to inhibit ongoing motor responses, reaction times to go stimuli, and the proportion of successful stops. CUD patients showed prolonged stop-signal reaction time, however, there was no main effect of rs36024 genotype. Importantly, there was a significant genotype-by-diagnosis interaction such that CUD patients with CC genotype had longer stop-signal reaction time and fewer successful stops compared with CC healthy controls and TT CUD patients. CT CUD patients showed an intermediate performance. Self-control deficits were associated with cocaine use disorder diagnosis, which interacts with the noradrenaline transporter rs36024 polymorphism. Our findings suggest that rs36024 may represent a potential genetic vulnerability marker, which facilitates the transition from first cocaine use to addiction by weakening the inhibitory control over behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal M Graczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karen D Ersche
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
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Ceceli AO, King SG, McClain N, Alia-Klein N, Goldstein RZ. The Neural Signature of Impaired Inhibitory Control in Individuals with Heroin Use Disorder. J Neurosci 2023; 43:173-182. [PMID: 36396402 PMCID: PMC9838696 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1237-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heroin addiction imposes a devastating toll on society, with little known about its neurobiology. Excessive salience attribution to drug over nondrug cues/reinforcers, with concomitant inhibitory control decreases, are common mechanisms underlying drug addiction. Although inhibitory control alterations generally culminate in prefrontal cortex (PFC) hypoactivations across drugs of abuse, patterns in individuals with heroin addiction (iHUDs) remain unknown. We used a stop-signal fMRI task designed to meet recent consensus guidelines in mapping inhibitory control in 41 iHUDs and 24 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). Despite group similarities in the stop-signal response time (SSRT; the classic inhibitory control measure), compared with HCs, iHUDs exhibited impaired target detection sensitivity (proportion of hits in go vs false alarms in stop trials; p = 0.003). Additionally, iHUDs exhibited lower right anterior PFC (aPFC) and dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) activity during successful versus failed stops (the hallmark inhibitory control contrast). Lower left dlPFC/supplementary motor area (SMA) activity was associated with slower SSRT specifically in iHUDs and lower left aPFC activity with worse target sensitivity across all participants (p < 0.05 corrected). Importantly, in iHUDs, lower left SMA and aPFC activity during inhibitory control was associated with shorter time since last use and higher severity of dependence, respectively (p < 0.05 corrected). Together, results revealed lower perceptual sensitivity and hypoactivations during inhibitory control in cognitive control regions (e.g., aPFC, dlPFC, SMA) as associated with task performance and heroin use severity measures in iHUDs. Such neurobehavioral inhibitory control deficits may contribute to self-control lapses in heroin addiction, constituting targets for prevention and intervention efforts to enhance recovery.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Heroin addiction continues its deadly impact, with little known about the neurobiology of this disorder. Although behavioral and prefrontal cortical impairments in inhibitory control characterize addiction across drugs of abuse, these patterns remain underexplored in heroin addiction. Here, we illustrate a significant behavioral impairment in target discrimination in individuals with heroin addiction compared with matched healthy controls. We further show lower engagement during inhibitory control in the anterior and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (key regions that regulate cognitive control) as associated with slower stopping, worse discrimination, and heroin use measures. Mapping the neurobiology of inhibitory control in heroin addiction for the first time, we identify potential treatment targets inclusive of prefrontal cortex-mediated cognitive control amenable for neuromodulation en route to recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet O Ceceli
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Sarah G King
- Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Natalie McClain
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Nelly Alia-Klein
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
- Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Rita Z Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
- Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
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Strika-Bruneau L, Fauvel B, Dupuis D, Benyamina A. Articulation de la thérapie d’acceptation et d’engagement à la psychothérapie assistée par psychédéliques en addictologie. L'ÉVOLUTION PSYCHIATRIQUE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Kassim FM. Systematic reviews of the acute effects of amphetamine on working memory and other cognitive performances in healthy individuals, with a focus on the potential influence of personality traits. Hum Psychopharmacol 2023; 38:e2856. [PMID: 36251504 PMCID: PMC10078276 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This research aimed to systematically review the acute effects of amphetamine (AMP), a dopamine-releasing agent, on working memory (WM) and other cognitive performances. The investigation also aimed to review the impact of personality traits on the subjective and objective effects of AMP and possible links between personality traits and effects of AMP. METHODS Previous double-blind controlled studies assessing the main effects of AMP on WM and other cognitive performances in healthy volunteers were systematically reviewed. An electronic search was performed in the PUBMED and SCOPUS databases. Narrative reviews of the influence of personality traits on the subjective and objective effects of AMP were included. RESULTS Nineteen WM studies were included in the current review. Seven studies found effects of AMP on spatial WM, but only one study found the effect of AMP on verbal WM. Thirty-seven independent studies on other aspects of cognitive performance were identified. Twenty-two reported effects of AMP on cognitive functions. Studies also showed that personality traits are associated with the subjective effects of AMP. However, few studies reported the impacts of personality traits on the objective (such as WM) effects of AMP. CONCLUSION Overall, findings indicate that AMP has mixed-effects on spatial WM and other cognitive functions, but it lacks effects on verbal WM. Although there are insufficient studies on objective measures, studies also indicated that the subjective effects of AMP administration are linked to between-person variations in personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz M Kassim
- Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Sex differences in addiction-relevant behavioral outcomes in rodents following early life stress. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 6. [PMID: 37101684 PMCID: PMC10124992 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In humans, exposure to early life stress (ELS) is an established risk factor for the development of substance use disorders (SUDs) during later life. Similarly, rodents exposed to ELS involving disrupted mother-infant interactions, such as maternal separation (MS) or adverse caregiving due to scarcity-adversity induced by limited bedding and nesting (LBN) conditions, also exhibit long-term alterations in alcohol and drug consumption. In both humans and rodents, there is a range of addiction-related behaviors that are associated with drug use and even predictive of subsequent SUDs. In rodents, these include increased anxiety-like behavior, impulsivity, and novelty-seeking, altered alcohol and drug intake patterns, as well as disrupted reward-related processes involving consummatory and social behaviors. Importantly, the expression of these behaviors often varies throughout the lifespan. Moreover, preclinical studies suggest that sex differences play a role in how exposure to ELS impacts reward and addiction-related phenotypes as well as underlying brain reward circuitry. Here, addiction-relevant behavioral outcomes and mesolimbic dopamine (DA) dysfunction resulting from ELS in the form of MS and LBN are discussed with a focus on age- and sex-dependent effects. Overall, these findings suggest that ELS may increase susceptibility for later life drug use and SUDs by interfering with the normal maturation of reward-related brain and behavioral function.
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Porreca A, Simonelli A, De Carli P, Barone L, Filippi B, Rigo P, van IJzendoorn MH, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ. A randomized wait-list controlled trial to investigate the role of cognitive mechanisms in parenting interventions on mothers with substance use disorder. Trials 2022; 23:588. [PMID: 35870942 PMCID: PMC9308363 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06420-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal substance use disorder (SUD) represents a risk condition for quality of parenting and child development. The current literature highlights the need to identify interventions that effectively enhance the quality of parenting and to better understand which mechanisms are involved in the process of change. The present study protocol describes a randomized wait-list controlled trial that aims to examine (1) the efficacy of the Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline (VIPP-SD) in improving the quality of parenting (i.e., sensitive parenting and sensitive discipline) in mothers with SUD, (2) whether the intervention affects parental cognitive mechanisms (i.e., attentional disengagement to infant negative emotions, inhibitory control confronted with children’s affective expression, and parental reflective functioning), and (3) whether changes in these processes act as mechanisms of change, mediating the effect of the VIPP-SD program on quality of parenting. Moreover, the study aims (4) to explore whether the VIPP-SD has an effect on parenting stress and (5) to compare mothers with SUD to low-risk mothers on the outcome measures. Methods The study will involve 40 mothers with SUD and 20 low-risk mothers of children aged between 14 months and 6 years old. Mothers in the SUD group will be randomly divided into two groups, one receiving the intervention (SUD experimental group) and one undergoing treatment as usual (SUD control group). All the mothers will be assessed pre-test and post-test. Quality of parenting will be assessed through observed parenting behaviors, whereas parental cognitive mechanisms will be assessed through neuropsychological tasks and self-report measures. Discussion The results of the study will reveal whether an intervention that has been proven effective in other at-risk samples is also effective in improving parenting behaviors in the context of SUD. The results will also provide insight into potential cognitive mechanisms involved in the process of change. Trial registration ISRCTN registry ISRCTN63070968. Registered on 25 June 2021. Retrospectively registered Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-022-06420-8.
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Associations between the COMT rs4680 Gene Polymorphism and Personality Dimensions and Anxiety in Patients with a Diagnosis of Other Stimulants Dependence. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101768. [PMID: 36292653 PMCID: PMC9601926 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on the hypodopaminergic hypothesis of addictions showed that hypodopaminergic activity in males predicted the number of drugs used and is associated with drug-seeking behavior. Variant alleles may cause hypodopaminergic functioning as a result of the reduced density of dopamine receptors, decreased response to dopamine, increased dopamine clearance or metabolism in the reward system. The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is involved in the metabolism of dopamine. Personality traits may mediate the genetic predisposition to substance use disorders additively by various motivations associated with reward-seeking and regulating negative emotions, and also relate to self-control and environment selection. THE AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the rs4680 polymorphism of COMT with personality dimensions and anxiety in patients addicted to stimulants other than cocaine (F15 according to WHO ICD-10 nomenclature) in the case of examined patients amphetamine. METHODS The study was conducted among patients addicted to stimulants other than cocaine (amphetamine). The study group included 247 patients addicted to stimulants (amphetamine) and the control group comprised 280 healthy male volunteers. The real-time PCR method was used to carry out genetic tests; personality dimensions were assessed using the standardized NEO-FFI and state and trait anxiety were assessed with STAI. All analyses were performed using STATISTICA 13. RESULTS The results of the 2 × 3 factorial ANOVA showed a statistically significant effect of the combined factor COMT rs4680 genotype on the group of patients diagnosed with other stimulants dependence/control (F2,252 = 3.11, p = 0.0465, η2 = 0.024). Additionally, we observed that the results of the 2 × 3 factorial ANOVA showed a statistically significant influence of the combined factor COMT rs4680 on the genotype in the group of patients diagnosis with other stimulants dependence/control (F2,252 = 6.16, p = 0.0024, η2 = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS In our research, the polymorphism G/G COMT rs4680 genotype was associated with higher scores of STAI traits and STAI states in the patients dependent on amphetamine. In the control group we observed no such interactions.
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Abnormal Brain Networks Related to Drug and Nondrug Reward Anticipation and Outcome Processing in Stimulant Use Disorder: A Functional Connectomics Approach. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 8:560-571. [PMID: 36108930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug addiction is associated with blunted neural responses to nondrug rewards, such as money, but heightened responses to drug cues that predict drug-reward outcomes. This dissociation underscores the role of incentive context in the attribution of motivational salience, which may reflect a narrowing toward drug-related goals. This hypothesis, however, has scarcely been investigated. METHODS To address this important scientific gap, the current study performed an empirical assessment of differences in salience attribution by comparing patients with stimulant use disorder (SUD) (n = 41) with control participants (n = 48) on network connectivity related to anticipation and outcome processing using a modified monetary incentive delay task. We hypothesized increased task-related activation and connectivity to drug rewards in patients with SUD, and reduced task-related activation and connectivity to monetary rewards during incentive processing across brain networks. RESULTS In the presence of behavioral and regional brain activation similarities, we found that patients with SUD showed significantly less connectivity involving three separate distributed networks during monetary reward anticipation, and drug and monetary reward outcome processing. No group connectivity differences for drug reward anticipation were identified. Additional graph theory analyses revealed that patients with SUD had longer path lengths across these networks, all of which positively correlated with the duration of stimulant drug use. CONCLUSIONS Specific disruptions in connectivity in networks related to the anticipation of nondrug reward together with more general dysconnectivity in the processing of rewarding outcomes suggest an insensitivity to consequences. These observations support the notion of a predominance of habitual control in patients with SUD.
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Chmielowiec J, Chmielowiec K, Masiak J, Śmiarowska M, Strońska-Pluta A, Dziedziejko V, Grzywacz A. Association between Polymorphism rs1799732 of DRD2 Dopamine Receptor Gene and Personality Traits among Cannabis Dependency. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10915. [PMID: 36078646 PMCID: PMC9518330 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Compared to other addictive substances, patients with cannabis addiction are significantly outnumbered by those who report dependence on other, more addictive substances. Unfortunately, most cannabis addiction goes untreated, and among those who choose treatment, the requirements are much higher for adolescents and young adults. THE AIM OF THE STUDY To examine the relationship of cannabinoid dependency in the genetic context-the association between the rs1799732 polymorphism of the DRD2 gene and psychological traits and anxiety. METHODS The study group consisted of 515 male volunteers. Of these, 214 patients were diagnosed with cannabis addiction and 301 were non-addicted. Patients were diagnosed with NEO Five-Factor Personality Inventory (NEO-FFI), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaires. The interactions between personality traits and polymorphisms in the DRD2 rs1799732 gene were investigated in a group of cannabis-addicted patients and non-addicted controls using the real-time PCR method. RESULTS Compared to the control group, the case group obtained significantly higher scores on the STAI State, STAI Trait, Neuroticism and Openness scales, as well as lower scores on the Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness scales. There was no statistically significant difference between addicts and the control group in the frequency of genotypes, but there was a statistically significant difference between addicts and the control group in the frequency of the DRD2 allele rs179973. The multivariate ANOVA analysis showed a statistically significant influence of the DRD2 rs1799732 genotype on the NEO-FFI agreeableness scale and a statistically significant effect of addiction to cannabinoids or its absence on the NEO-FFI agreeableness scale score. CONCLUSIONS Studying homogeneous subgroups-as in our study-seems reasonable, particularly when combined with genetic determinants and psychological traits. In multigenic and multifactorial entities, such a strategy has a future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Chmielowiec
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, 28 Zyty St., 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Chmielowiec
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, 28 Zyty St., 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Jolanta Masiak
- Second Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Głuska St., 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Śmiarowska
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Strońska-Pluta
- Independent Laboratory of Health Promotion, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 11 Chlapowskiego St., 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Violetta Dziedziejko
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Grzywacz
- Independent Laboratory of Health Promotion, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 11 Chlapowskiego St., 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
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Seemiller LR, Logue SF, Gould TJ. Inbred mouse strain differences in alcohol and nicotine addiction-related phenotypes from adolescence to adulthood. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 218:173429. [PMID: 35820468 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the genetic basis of a predisposition for nicotine and alcohol use across the lifespan is important for public health efforts because genetic contributions may change with age. However, parsing apart subtle genetic contributions to complex human behaviors is a challenge. Animal models provide the opportunity to study the effects of genetic background and age on drug-related phenotypes, while controlling important experimental variables such as amount and timing of drug exposure. Addiction research in inbred, or isogenic, mouse lines has demonstrated genetic contributions to nicotine and alcohol abuse- and addiction-related behaviors. This review summarizes inbred mouse strain differences in alcohol and nicotine addiction-related phenotypes including voluntary consumption/self-administration, initial sensitivity to the drug as measured by sedative, hypothermic, and ataxic effects, locomotor effects, conditioned place preference or place aversion, drug metabolism, and severity of withdrawal symptoms. This review also discusses how these alcohol and nicotine addiction-related phenotypes change from adolescence to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel R Seemiller
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Sheree F Logue
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Thomas J Gould
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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Desrochers SS, Spring MG, Nautiyal KM. A Role for Serotonin in Modulating Opposing Drive and Brake Circuits of Impulsivity. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:791749. [PMID: 35250501 PMCID: PMC8892181 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.791749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Impulsivity generally refers to a deficit in inhibition, with a focus on understanding the neural circuits which constitute the “brake” on actions and gratification. It is likely that increased impulsivity can arise not only from reduced inhibition, but also from a heightened or exaggerated excitatory “drive.” For example, an action which has more vigor, or is fueled by either increased incentive salience or a stronger action-outcome association, may be harder to inhibit. From this perspective, this review focuses on impulse control as a competition over behavioral output between an initially learned response-reward outcome association, and a subsequently acquired opposing inhibitory association. Our goal is to present a synthesis of research from humans and animal models that supports this dual-systems approach to understanding the behavioral and neural substrates that contribute to impulsivity, with a focus on the neuromodulatory role of serotonin. We review evidence for the role of serotonin signaling in mediating the balance of the “drive” and “brake” circuits. Additionally, we consider parallels of these competing instrumental systems in impulsivity within classical conditioning processes (e.g., extinction) in order to point us to potential behavioral and neural mechanisms that may modulate the competing instrumental associations. Finally, we consider how the balance of these competing associations might contribute to, or be extracted from, our experimental assessments of impulsivity. A careful understanding of the underlying behavioral and circuit level contributions to impulsivity is important for understanding the pathogenesis of increased impulsivity present in a number of psychiatric disorders. Pathological levels of impulsivity in such disorders are likely subserved by deficits in the balance of motivational and inhibitory processes.
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Swanepoel A. Fifteen-minute consultation: To prescribe or not to prescribe in ADHD, that is the question. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2021; 106:322-325. [PMID: 33033075 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-318866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is fraught with controversy. Some clinicians believe it is a biological neurodevelopmental disorder which should be treated with medication. Others are adamant that ADHD is a social construct in which children, who have suffered developmental trauma, are medicalised. Evolutionary science may help us find a solution to this dichotomy by seeing ADHD as an example of an evolutionary mismatch in which children with ADHD are caught in a school environment that does not suit their natures. By considering how to improve the 'goodness of fit' between the child and their environment, clinicians can be more flexible in finding solutions that are ethically sound.
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The central executive network and executive function in healthy and persons with schizophrenia groups: a meta-analysis of structural and functional MRI. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 16:1451-1464. [PMID: 34775552 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00589-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This meta-analysis evaluated the extent to which executive function can be understood with structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Studies included structural in schizophrenia (k = 8; n = 241) and healthy controls (k = 12; n = 1660), and functional in schizophrenia (k = 4; n = 104) and healthy controls (k = 12; n = 712). Results revealed a positive association in the brain behavior relationship when pooled across schizophrenia and control samples for structural (pr = 0.27) and functional (pr = 0.29) modalities. Subgroup analyses revealed no significant difference for functional neuroimaging (pr = .43, 95%CI = -.08-.77, p = .088) but with structural neuroimaging (pr = .37, 95%CI = -.08-.69, p = .015) the association to executive functions is lower in the control group. Subgroup analyses also revealed no significant differences in the strength of the brain-behavior relationship in the schizophrenia group (pr = .59, 95%CI = .58-.61, p = .881) or the control group (pr = 0.19, 95%CI = 0.18-0.19, p = 0.920), suggesting concordance.
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Mortaji N, Krzeczkowski JE, Boylan K, Booij L, Perreault M, Van Lieshout RJ. Maternal pregnancy diet, postnatal home environment and executive function and behavior in 3- to 4-y-olds. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:1418-1427. [PMID: 34159358 PMCID: PMC8491573 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal maternal nutrition during pregnancy has been linked to better cognitive and behavioral development in children. However, its influence on the effects of suboptimal postnatal exposures like reduced stimulation and support in the home is not known. OBJECTIVES To examine the effect of maternal pregnancy diet on executive function and/or behavioral development in children raised in suboptimal home environments. METHODS Data were provided by 808 mother-infant dyads from the Canadian Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals-Child Development study. Maternal pregnancy diet was self-reported using the Healthy Eating Index 2010 questionnaire. Stimulation and support in the home was assessed using the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) when children were 3-4 y old. Child executive function was reported by mothers at this age using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning-Preschool Edition, and child behavior was assessed using the Behavior Assessment System for Children-2nd Edition. We examined the interaction of maternal pregnancy diet and postnatal HOME scores on child executive function and behavior using linear regression adjusted for maternal education, postpartum depression, prepregnancy BMI, and smoking. RESULTS Maternal pregnancy diet was associated with an increasingly positive association with child working memory (β: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.82, 3.41; P = 0.001), planning (β: 0.17; 95% CI: 0.38, 2.84; P = 0.007), and adaptability (β: -0.13; 95% CI: -1.72, -0.08; P = 0.032) as levels of postnatal stimulation decreased. CONCLUSIONS The positive association of maternal pregnancy diet quality and executive function and adaptability in 3- to 4-y-olds appeared to increase with decreasing levels of postnatal stimulation and support. These results suggest that overall maternal pregnancy diet could be linked to better child neurodevelopment in families experiencing barriers to providing stimulation and support to children in their home.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John E Krzeczkowski
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Khrista Boylan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Linda Booij
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maude Perreault
- Department of Family Relations & Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan J Van Lieshout
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Zheng X, Sun J, Lv Y, Wang M, Du X, Jia X, Ma J. Frequency-specific alterations of the resting-state BOLD signals in nocturnal enuresis: an fMRI Study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12042. [PMID: 34103549 PMCID: PMC8187680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90546-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of nocturnal enuresis have focused primarily on regional metrics in the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal ranging from 0.01 to 0.08 Hz. However, it remains unclear how local metrics show in sub-frequency band. 129 children with nocturnal enuresis (NE) and 37 healthy controls were included in this study. The patients were diagnosed by the pediatricians in Shanghai Children's Medical Center affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, according to the criteria from International Children's Continence Society (ICCS). Questionnaires were used to evaluate the symptoms of enuresis and completed by the participants. In this study, fALFF, ReHo and PerAF were calculated within five different frequency bands: typical band (0.01-0.08 Hz), slow-5 (0.01-0.027 Hz), slow-4 (0.027-0.073 Hz), slow-3 (0.073-0.198 Hz), and slow-2 (0.198-0.25 Hz). In the typical band, ReHo increased in the left insula and the right thalamus, while fALFF decreased in the right insula in children with NE. Besides, PerAF was increased in the right middle temporal gyrus in these children. The results regarding ReHo, fALFF and PerAF in the typical band was similar to those in slow-5 band, respectively. A correlation was found between the PerAF value of the right middle temporal gyrus and scores of the urinary intention-related wakefulness. Results in other bands were either negative or in white matter. NE children might have abnormal intrinsic neural oscillations mainly on slow-5 bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zheng
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong-Fang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jiawei Sun
- School of Information and Electronics Technology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yating Lv
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Mengxing Wang
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Xiaoxia Du
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhong-Shan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xize Jia
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong-Fang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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The Role of Social Stress in the Development of Inhibitory Control Deficit: A Systematic Review in Preclinical Models. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094953. [PMID: 34066570 PMCID: PMC8124175 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitory control deficit and impulsivity and compulsivity behaviours are present in different psychopathological disorders such as addiction, obsessive-compulsive disorders and schizophrenia, among others. Social relationships in humans and animals are governed by social organization rules, which modulate inhibitory control and coping strategies against stress. Social stress is associated with compulsive alcohol and drug use, pointing towards a determining factor in an increased vulnerability to inhibitory control deficit. The goal of the present review is to assess the implication of social stress and dominance on the vulnerability to develop impulsive and/or compulsive spectrum disorders, with the aid of the information provided by animal models. A systematic search strategy was carried out on the PubMed and Web of Science databases, and the most relevant information was structured in the text and tables. A total of 34 studies were recruited in the qualitative synthesis. The results show the role of social stress and dominance in increased drug and alcohol use, aggressive and impulsive behaviour. Moreover, the revised studies support the role of Dopaminergic (DA) activity and the alterations in the dopaminergic D1/D2 receptors as key factors in the development of inhibitory control deficit by social stress.
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Sastre-Buades A, Ochoa S, Lorente-Rovira E, Barajas A, Grasa E, López-Carrilero R, Luengo A, Ruiz-Delgado I, Cid J, González-Higueras F, Sánchez-Alonso S, Baca-García E, Barrigón ML. Jumping to conclusions and suicidal behavior in depression and psychosis. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 137:514-520. [PMID: 33812324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Suicidal behavior (SB) involves an impairment in decision-making (DM). Jumping to conclusions bias (JTC), described as the tendency to make hasty decisions based on insufficient information, could be considered as analogous of impaired DM. However, the link between JTC and SB in psychosis and other diagnoses (e.g., depression) has never been studied. This study aims to explore the presence of JTC and SB in a sample comprising 121 patients with psychosis and 101 with depression. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, including history of SB and symptom-severity scores. JTC was assessed by the beads task, and patients who reached decisions with the second bead or before were considered to exhibit JTC. Age, gender, diagnosis, educational level, symptom severity, substance use, and SB were compared according to JTC presence. Variables found to be significantly different in this comparison were included in a multivariate analysis. JTC was more prevalent in patients with depression than with psychosis: 55.6% in an 85:15 ratio and 64.6% in a 60:40 ratio. When multivariate logistic regression was applied to study the influence of diagnosis (psychosis versus depression), age, and SB, only SB remained statistically significant (OR 2.05; 95% CI 0.99-4.22; p = 0.05). The population studied was assembled by grouping different samples from previous research, and we have not included control variables such as other clinical variables, neurocognitive measurements, or personality traits. JTC may be more closely linked to SB, as a transdiagnostic variable, rather than to a specific diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Sastre-Buades
- Department of Psychiatry, Jimenez Diaz Foundation Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Ochoa
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Barajas
- Centre D'Higiene Mental Les Corts, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Psicologia Clínica I de La Salut, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Grasa
- Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel López-Carrilero
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Luengo
- Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Psychiatry Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Ruiz-Delgado
- Unidad de Salud Mental Comunitaria Málaga Norte, UGC Salud Mental Carlos Haya, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jordi Cid
- Mental Health & Addiction Research Group, IdiBGi. Institut D'Assistència Sanitària, Girona, Spain
| | | | | | - Enrique Baca-García
- Department of Psychiatry, Jimenez Diaz Foundation Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, IIS-Jimenez Diaz Foundation, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Madrid Autonomous University, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital of Villalba, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Infanta Elena, Valdemoro, Spain; Universidad Católica Del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Maria L Barrigón
- Department of Psychiatry, Jimenez Diaz Foundation Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, IIS-Jimenez Diaz Foundation, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Madrid Autonomous University, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry. Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes, France.
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Peng SY, Shi Z, Zhou DS, Wang XY, Li XX, Liu XL, Wang WD, Lin GN, Pan BX, Voon V, Grace AA, Heilig M, Wong ML, Yuan TF. Reduced motor cortex GABA BR function following chronic alcohol exposure. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:383-395. [PMID: 33432190 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-01009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The GABAB receptor (GABABR) agonist baclofen has been used to treat alcohol and several other substance use disorders (AUD/SUD), yet its underlying neural mechanism remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate cortical GABABR dynamics following chronic alcohol exposure. Ex vivo brain slice recordings from mice chronically exposed to alcohol revealed a reduction in GABABR-mediated currents, as well as a decrease of GABAB1/2R and G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel 2 (GIRK2) activities in the motor cortex. Moreover, our data indicated that these alterations could be attributed to dephosphorylation at the site of serine 783 (ser-783) in GABAB2 subunit, which regulates the surface expression of GABABR. Furthermore, a human study using paired-pulse-transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) analysis further demonstrated a reduced cortical inhibition mediated by GABABR in patients with AUD. Our findings provide the first evidence that chronic alcohol exposure is associated with significantly impaired cortical GABABR function. The ability to promote GABABR signaling may account for the therapeutic efficacy of baclofen in AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yu Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Shi
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | | | - Xin-Yue Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing-Xing Li
- Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Li Liu
- Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei-Di Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guan-Ning Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing-Xing Pan
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Valerie Voon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anthony A Grace
- Center for Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Markus Heilig
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences,, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ma-Li Wong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China. .,TianQiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Translational Research, Shanghai, China. .,The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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26
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Bourgault Z, Rubin-Kahana DS, Hassan AN, Sanches M, Le Foll B. Multiple Substance Use Disorders and Self-Reported Cognitive Function in U.S. Adults: Associations and Sex-Differences in a Nationally Representative Sample. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:797578. [PMID: 35095610 PMCID: PMC8791062 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.797578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysubstance use is a growing public health concern that has been associated with poor clinical outcomes. Compared to single-drug users, this population suffers greater deficits in cognitive function, which hinder treatment success and recovery. Despite its high prevalence and poor prognosis, epidemiological research on polysubstance use and accompanying cognitive profile is lacking. We investigated associations between numbers of past-year co-occurring substance use disorders (SUDs) and self-reported cognitive function using data from the National Epidemiologic Survey for Alcohol and Related Conditions III (NESARC-III). Regression analyses revealed a significant negative association between cognitive scores and numbers of past-year SUDs, which was moderated by sex. After adjusting for confounding variables, greater numbers of SUDs were associated with declining self-reported cognitive function, and this relationship was stronger among females. Our findings expand on current literature on cognitive impairments among polysubstance users and provide a novel, nuanced description of this relationship among the general population. We highlight the need for targeted and individualized treatment approaches in order to improve outcomes in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Bourgault
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dafna Sara Rubin-Kahana
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Child and Youth Mental Health Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ahmed Nabeel Hassan
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marcos Sanches
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Biostatistics Core, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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27
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Melugin PR, Nolan SO, Siciliano CA. Bidirectional causality between addiction and cognitive deficits. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 157:371-407. [PMID: 33648674 PMCID: PMC8566632 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are highly comorbid with substance use disorders. Deficits span multiple cognitive domains, are associated with disease severity across substance classes, and persist long after cessation of substance use. Furthermore, recovery of cognitive function during protracted abstinence is highly predictive of treatment adherence, relapse, and overall substance use disorder prognosis, suggesting that addiction may be best characterized as a disease of executive dysfunction. While the association between cognitive deficits and substance use disorders is clear, determining causalities is made difficult by the complex interplay between these variables. Cognitive dysfunction present prior to first drug use can act as a risk factor for substance use initiation, likelihood of pathology, and disease trajectory. At the same time, substance use can directly cause cognitive impairments even in individuals without preexisting deficits. Thus, parsing preexisting risk factors from substance-induced adaptations, and how they may interact, poses significant challenges. Here, focusing on psychostimulants and alcohol, we review evidence from clinical literature implicating cognitive deficits as a risk factor for addiction, a consequence of substance use, and the role the prefrontal cortex plays in these phenomena. We then review corresponding preclinical literature, highlighting the high degree of congruency between animal and human studies, and emphasize the unique opportunity that animal models provide to test causality between cognitive phenotypes and substance use, and to investigate the underlying neurobiology at a cellular and molecular level. Together, we provide an accessible resource for assessing the validity and utility of forward- and reverse-translation between these clinical and preclinical literatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R Melugin
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Suzanne O Nolan
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Cody A Siciliano
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.
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28
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Impulsivity traits and neurocognitive mechanisms conferring vulnerability to substance use disorders. Neuropharmacology 2020; 183:108402. [PMID: 33189766 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Impulsivity - the tendency to act without sufficient consideration of potential consequences in pursuit of short-term rewards - is a vulnerability marker for substance use disorders (SUD). Since impulsivity is a multifaceted construct, which encompasses trait-related characteristics and neurocognitive mechanisms, it is important to ascertain which of these aspects are significant contributors to SUD susceptibility. In this review, we discuss how different trait facets, cognitive processes and neuroimaging indices underpinning impulsivity contribute to the vulnerability to SUD. We reviewed studies that applied three different approaches that can shed light on the role of impulsivity as a precursor of substance use related problems (versus a consequence of drug effects): (1) longitudinal studies, (2) endophenotype studies including non-affected relatives of people with SUD, and (3) clinical reference groups-based comparisons, i.e., between substance use and behavioural addictive disorders. We found that, across different methodologies, the traits of non-planning impulsivity and affect-based impulsivity and the cognitive processes involved in reward-related valuation are consistent predictors of SUD vulnerability. These aspects are associated with the structure and function of the medial orbitofrontal-striatal system and hyperexcitability of dopamine receptors in this network. The field still needs more theory-driven, comprehensive studies that simultaneously assess the different aspects of impulsivity in relation to harmonised SUD-related outcomes. Furthermore, future studies should investigate the impact of impulsivity-related vulnerabilities on novel patterns of substance use such as new tobacco and cannabinoid products, and the moderating impact of changes in social norms and lifestyles on the link between impulsivity and SUD. This article is part of the special issue on 'Vulnerabilities to Substance Abuse'.
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Lim AC, Grodin EN, Green R, Venegas A, Meredith LR, Courtney KE, Moallem NR, Sayegh P, London ED, Ray LA. Executive function moderates naltrexone effects on methamphetamine-induced craving and subjective responses. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2020; 46:565-576. [PMID: 32343625 PMCID: PMC7920534 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2020.1741002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Emerging evidence suggests that opioid receptor antagonists, such as naltrexone, are effective pharmacotherapies for alcohol, opioid, and possibly stimulant use disorders. It is posited that naltrexone exerts its effects, in part, by increasing functional connectivity between neural reward circuitry and frontal systems implicated in executive function. Yet no studies had examined whether executive function moderates these effects. Objectives: This study examined whether a composite measure of executive function (EF) moderates the effect of naltrexone on craving for methamphetamine and subjective responses following infusion of the drug. Methods: Individuals with methamphetamine use disorder (N = 30; 27% female) completed baseline neurocognitive assessments of premorbid and executive function, and an executive function factor was computed. Participants then underwent a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study of titration with naltrexone and placebo. Participants then received a 30-mg intravenous methamphetamine infusion and completed subjective response questionnaires at 8 times in the 120 minutes post-infusion. Results: Multilevel mixed models indicated a significant EF × medication interaction, reflecting greater effects of naltrexone to decrease "desire to access the drug", "want more of the drug", "crave the drug", "feel drug effects" and "feel high" in participants with low EF compared to those with high EF (Bs = .36-1.29, SEs = .14-.17, ps<0.01). These effects remained significant after controlling for premorbid cognitive functioning, baseline responses to methamphetamine, severity of methamphetamine use, and methamphetamine-related functional problems. Conclusion: Naltrexone may be especially effective in methamphetamine-dependent individuals with low EF. Neuropsychological assessments may also provide predictive clinical utility not captured by traditional measures of substance use severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C. Lim
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erica N. Grodin
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - ReJoyce Green
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra Venegas
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lindsay R. Meredith
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kelly E. Courtney
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nathasha R. Moallem
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Philip Sayegh
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Edythe D. London
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lara A. Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences
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Luján MÁ, Cantacorps L, Valverde O. The pharmacological reduction of hippocampal neurogenesis attenuates the protective effects of cannabidiol on cocaine voluntary intake. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12778. [PMID: 31162770 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The administration of cannabidiol has shown promising evidence in the treatment of some neuropsychiatric disorders, including cocaine addiction. However, little information is available as to the mechanisms by which cannabidiol reduces drug use and compulsive seeking. We investigated the role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in reducing cocaine voluntary intake produced by repeated cannabidiol treatment in mice. Cocaine intake was modelled using the intravenous cocaine self-administration procedure in CD1 male mice. Cannabidiol (20 mg/kg) reduced cocaine self-administration behaviour acquisition and total cocaine intake and enhanced adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Our results show that a 6-day repeated temozolomide treatment (25 mg/kg/day), a chemotherapy drug that blocks hippocampal neurogenesis, prevented cannabidiol-induced increment in the early stages of neuronal maturation and differentiation, without altering the basal levels of BrdU/NeuN and doublecortin immunostaining. The reduction of total cocaine intake and operant behaviour acquisition observed following cannabidiol exposure was attenuated by temozolomide treatment. Our results also show a similar effect of temozolamide on a cannabidiol-induced improvement of novel object recognition memory, a task influenced by the proneurogenic effects of cannabidiol (10 and 20 mg/kg). The anxiolytic effects of cannabidiol (10 and 20 mg/kg), however, remained unaffected after its proneurogenic effects decreased. The present study confirms that adult hippocampal neurogenesis is one of the mechanisms by which cannabidiol lowers cocaine reinforcement and demonstrates the functional implication of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in cocaine voluntary consumption in mice. Such findings highlight the possible use of cannabidiol for developing new pharmacotherapies to manage cocaine use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Luján
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC—NeuroBio), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain
| | - Lídia Cantacorps
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC—NeuroBio), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain
| | - Olga Valverde
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC—NeuroBio), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain
- Neuroscience Research Programme IMIM‐Hospital del Mar Research Institute Barcelona Spain
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31
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Huang S, Dai Y, Zhang C, Yang C, Huang Q, Hao W, Shen H. Higher impulsivity and lower grey matter volume in the bilateral prefrontal cortex in long-term abstinent individuals with severe methamphetamine use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 212:108040. [PMID: 32428790 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that grey matter volume (GMV) might be lower in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder and that dynamic alterations in selected brain regions might appear in individuals after short-term abstinence. However, the GMV of brains in these individuals after long-term abstinence is poorly understood. Moreover, individuals with severe methamphetamine use disorder have been considered to have high levels of impulsivity, but the biological mechanism is still unclear. METHODS In this study, the impulsivity of all participants was assessed using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). Using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) in conjunction with statistical parametric mapping on structural magnetic resonance images, the GMVs of the whole brain were compared among 32 drug-naïve healthy controls (HC) and 40 individuals with severe methamphetamine use disorder who had been abstinent for at least 20 months (SMUD-A). RESULTS We observed significantly higher BIS-11 impulsivity scores and lower GMV in the bilateral superior frontal cortex of SMUD-A individuals than in those of control subjects. The impulsivity score was negatively correlated with GMV in the right superior frontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS These findings offer novel evidence with respect to the impulsivity trait and brain GMV feature in long-term abstinent individuals with severe methamphetamine use disorder. Moreover, our findings suggest that lower GMV in the right superior frontal cortex might reflect a trait marker of higher impulsivity in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shucai Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China; Chinese National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Xiangya, China; Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Substance Dependence, The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Dai
- Department of Substance Dependence, The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, China
| | - Changcun Zhang
- Pingtang Isolated Compulsory Drug Rehabilitation Center in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China; Chinese National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Xiangya, China; Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiuping Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China; Chinese National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Xiangya, China; Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Hao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China; Chinese National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Xiangya, China; Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongxian Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China; Chinese National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Xiangya, China; Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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32
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Lozano-Madrid M, Clark Bryan D, Granero R, Sánchez I, Riesco N, Mallorquí-Bagué N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Treasure J, Fernández-Aranda F. Impulsivity, Emotional Dysregulation and Executive Function Deficits Could Be Associated with Alcohol and Drug Abuse in Eating Disorders. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061936. [PMID: 32575816 PMCID: PMC7355820 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Empirical data suggests a high comorbid occurrence of eating disorders (EDs) and substance use disorders (SUDs), as well as neurological and psychological shared characteristics. However, no prior study has identified the neuropsychological features of this subgroup. This study examines the prevalence of alcohol and/or drug abuse (A/DA) symptoms in ED patients. It also compares the clinical features and neuropsychological performance of ED patients with and without A/DA symptoms. Methods: 145 participants (74.5% females) with various forms of diagnosed EDs underwent a comprehensive clinical (TCI-R, SCL-90-R and EDI-2) and neuropsychological assessment (Stroop, WCST and IGT). Results: Approximately 19% of ED patients (across ED subtypes) had A/DA symptoms. Those with A/DA symptoms showed more impulsive behaviours and higher levels of interoceptive awareness (EDI-2), somatisation (SCL-90-R) and novelty seeking (TCI-R). This group also had a lower score in the Stroop-words measure, made more perseverative errors in the WCST and showed a weaker learning trajectory in the IGT. Conclusions: ED patients with A/DA symptoms display a specific phenotype characterised by greater impulsive personality, emotional dysregulation and problems with executive control. Patients with these temperamental traits may be at high risk of developing a SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lozano-Madrid
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; (M.L.-M.); (I.S.); (N.R.); (S.J.-M.)
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge—IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (N.M.-B.)
| | - Danielle Clark Bryan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Eating Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, SE5 8AF London, UK; (D.C.B.); (J.T.)
| | - Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (N.M.-B.)
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Sánchez
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; (M.L.-M.); (I.S.); (N.R.); (S.J.-M.)
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge—IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (N.M.-B.)
| | - Nadine Riesco
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; (M.L.-M.); (I.S.); (N.R.); (S.J.-M.)
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge—IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (N.M.-B.)
| | - Núria Mallorquí-Bagué
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (N.M.-B.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Addictive Behavior Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; (M.L.-M.); (I.S.); (N.R.); (S.J.-M.)
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge—IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (N.M.-B.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Janet Treasure
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Eating Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, SE5 8AF London, UK; (D.C.B.); (J.T.)
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; (M.L.-M.); (I.S.); (N.R.); (S.J.-M.)
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge—IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (N.M.-B.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-2607227; Fax: +34-93-2607193
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33
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Río-Martínez L, Marquez-Arrico JE, Prat G, Adan A. Temperament and Character Profile and Its Clinical Correlates in Male Patients with Dual Schizophrenia. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061876. [PMID: 32560099 PMCID: PMC7356598 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Personality traits are relevant in understanding substance use disorders (SUD) and schizophrenia (SZ), but few works have also included patients with dual schizophrenia (SZ+) and personality traits. We explored personality profile in a sample of 165 male patients under treatment, using the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised. The participants were assigned to three groups of 55 patients each, according to previous diagnosis: SUD, SZ- and SZ+ (without/with SUD). We analyzed their clinical characteristics, relating them to personality dimensions. The SUD and SZ+ groups scored higher than SZ- in Novelty/Sensation Seeking. SZ- and SZ+ presented higher Harm Avoidance and lower Persistence than the SUD group. SZ+ patients showed the lowest levels of Self-directedness, while SZ- and SZ+ had higher scores in Self-transcendence than the SUD group. Several clinical characteristics were associated with personality dimensions depending on diagnosis, and remarkably so for psychiatric symptoms in the SZ- and SZ+ groups. The three groups had a maladaptive personality profile compared to general population. Our results point to different profiles for SUD versus SZ, while both profiles appear combined in the SZ+ group, with extreme scores in some traits. Thus, considering personality endophenotypes in SZ+ could help in designing individualized interventions for this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Río-Martínez
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, School of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebrón 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.R.-M.); (J.E.M.-A.); (G.P.)
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia E. Marquez-Arrico
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, School of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebrón 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.R.-M.); (J.E.M.-A.); (G.P.)
| | - Gemma Prat
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, School of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebrón 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.R.-M.); (J.E.M.-A.); (G.P.)
| | - Ana Adan
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, School of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebrón 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.R.-M.); (J.E.M.-A.); (G.P.)
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-9331-25060
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Abstract
Resting-state functional connectivity provides novel insight into variations in neural networks associated with addiction to stimulant drugs in individuals with and without a family history of addiction, and both with and without personal drug use. An increased risk for addiction, either because of drug use or genetic/psychosocial vulnerability, is associated with hypoconnectivity in frontostriatal networks, which may weaken goal-directed decision-making. Resilience against addiction development, by contrast, is characterized by hyperconnectivity in two corticostriatal pathways, possibly reflecting compensatory responses in networks associated with regulatory control over habitual behaviors. It is thus conceivable that defying the risk of developing stimulant drug addiction requires increased efforts to control behavior—a hypothesis that may open up new pathways for therapeutic and preventative strategies. Regular drug use can lead to addiction, but not everyone who takes drugs makes this transition. How exactly drugs of abuse interact with individual vulnerability is not fully understood, nor is it clear how individuals defy the risks associated with drugs or addiction vulnerability. We used resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) in 162 participants to characterize risk- and resilience-related changes in corticostriatal functional circuits in individuals exposed to stimulant drugs both with and without clinically diagnosed drug addiction, siblings of addicted individuals, and control volunteers. The likelihood of developing addiction, whether due to familial vulnerability or drug use, was associated with significant hypoconnectivity in orbitofrontal and ventromedial prefrontal cortical-striatal circuits—pathways critically implicated in goal-directed decision-making. By contrast, resilience against a diagnosis of substance use disorder was associated with hyperconnectivity in two networks involving 1) the lateral prefrontal cortex and medial caudate nucleus and 2) the supplementary motor area, superior medial frontal cortex, and putamen—brain circuits respectively implicated in top-down inhibitory control and the regulation of habits. These findings point toward a predisposing vulnerability in the causation of addiction, related to impaired goal-directed actions, as well as countervailing resilience systems implicated in behavioral regulation, and may inform novel strategies for therapeutic and preventative interventions.
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Zhukovsky P, Morein‐Zamir S, Meng C, Dalley JW, Ersche KD. Network failures: When incentives trigger impulsive responses. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:2216-2228. [PMID: 32150321 PMCID: PMC7267965 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate control of impulsive urges to act is demanded in everyday life but is impaired in neuropsychiatric conditions such as stimulant use disorder. Despite intensive research it remains unclear whether failures in impulse control are caused by impaired suppression of behavior or by the over invigoration of behavior by stimuli associated with salient incentives such as drugs, food, and money. We investigated failures in impulse control using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to map the neural correlates of premature (impulsive) responses during the anticipation phase of the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task in healthy controls (HC), stimulant-dependent individuals (SDIs), and their unaffected first-degree siblings (SIB). We combined task-based fMRI analyses with dynamic causal modeling to show that failures of impulse control were associated with interactions between cingulo-opercular and dorsal striatal networks regardless of group status and incentive type. We further report that group-specific incentive salience plays a critical role in modulating impulsivity in SDIs since drug-related incentives specifically increased premature responding and shifted task modulation away from the dorsal striatal network to the cingulo-opercular network. Our findings thus indicate that impulsive actions are elicited by salient personally-relevant incentive stimuli and those such slips of action recruit a distinct fronto-striatal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Zhukovsky
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | - Chun Meng
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Jeffrey W. Dalley
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Karen D. Ersche
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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36
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Sanborn V, Gunstad J, Shrestha R, Mistler CB, Copenhaver MM. Cognitive profiles in persons with opioid use disorder enrolled in methadone treatment. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2020; 29:462-468. [PMID: 32463730 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2020.1769099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is common in persons with opioid use disorder and associated with poor treatment outcomes, including elevated risk for relapse. Much less is known about the underlying structure of these deficits and the possible presence of cognitive phenotypes. A total of 177 adults (average 42.2 years of age, 52.0% male, 65.5% Caucasian) enrolled in a methadone maintenance treatment program completed the NIH Toolbox as part of a larger project. Cluster analyses revealed a 2-cluster solution-persons with intact cognitive function in all domains (n = 93; Intact) and those with impairments on tests of attention and executive function (n = 83; Impaired). Follow-up analyses revealed that the Impaired group was slightly older, more likely to self-identify as a racial/ethnic minority, and less likely to report consuming alcohol four or more times per week. These findings suggest the existence of distinct cognitive profiles in persons with opioid use disorder and encourage further examination, particularly studies to examine the possible benefits of routine screening for cognitive impairment as part of substance use treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Gunstad
- Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Roman Shrestha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Colleen B Mistler
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.,Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Michael M Copenhaver
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.,Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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37
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Che Q, Yang P, Gao H, Liu M, Zhang J, Cai T. Application of the Chinese Version of the BIS/BAS Scales in Participants With a Substance Use Disorder: An Analysis of Psychometric Properties and Comparison With Community Residents. Front Psychol 2020; 11:912. [PMID: 32457687 PMCID: PMC7225352 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carver and White developed the Behavioral Inhibition/Behavioral Activation Scales (the BIS/BAS Scales) based on Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory proposed by Gray. Subsequent studies proposed that substance abuse was closely related to Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) and Behavioral Activation System (BAS). However, researches on the psychometric properties of the BIS/BAS scales in clinical samples are scarce. The present study was conducted to analyze the applicability of the BIS/BAS scales in a sample suffering from a substance use disorder (SUD) and undergoing treatment in compulsory detoxification institutions (n = 1117). Meanwhile, 822 community residents were selected for comparison. Confirmatory factor analysis was carried out to examine the construct validity and the results showed that the five-factor model was the best fit for people with a substance use disorder' data. Besides, Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total scale was 0.808, indicating the satisfactory internal consistency reliability. Analysis of the correlation coefficient of the questionnaire with the corresponding personality traits showed that BAS was more associated with the impulsive trait. Surprisingly, participants with a substance use disorder showed more insensitivity for the reward dimension compared with that of community residents and the result of comparison between two samples supported joint subsystems hypothesis. Generally, the BIS/BAS scales showed good reliability and validity. These findings provide more direct evidence on the personality traits of people with a substance use disorder and should form the basis for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Che
- Medical Psychological Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Peiwen Yang
- Medical Psychological Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Huiyuan Gao
- Medical Psychological Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Meizhu Liu
- Medical Psychological Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Hunan Judicial Police Vocational College, Changsha, China
| | - Taisheng Cai
- Medical Psychological Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
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38
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Suchanecka A, Chmielowiec J, Chmielowiec K, Masiak J, Sipak-Szmigiel O, Sznabowicz M, Czarny W, Michałowska-Sawczyn M, Trybek G, Grzywacz A. Dopamine Receptor DRD2 Gene rs1076560, Personality Traits and Anxiety in the Polysubstance Use Disorder. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10050262. [PMID: 32365807 PMCID: PMC7287957 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10050262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of an addiction is conditioned by many factors. The dopaminergic system has been shown to be the key element in this process. In this paper, we analyzed the influence of dopamine receptor 2 polymorphism rs1076560 in two groups—polysubstance-dependent male patients (n = 299) and the controls matched for age (n = 301). In both groups, we applied the same questionnaires for testing—Mini-international neuropsychiatric interview, the NEO Five-Factor Inventory, and the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory. The real-time PCR method was used for genotyping. When we compared the controls with the case group subjects, we observed significantly higher scores in the second group on both the state and trait scales of anxiety, as well as on the Neuroticism and Openness scales of the NEO-FFI; and lower scores on the scales of Extraversion and Agreeability of the NEO-FFI. The model 2 × 3 factorial ANOVA of the addicted subjects and controls was performed, and the DRD2 rs1076560 variant interaction was found for the anxiety state and trait scales, and for the NEO-FFI Neuroticism scale. The observed associations allow noticing that analysis of psychological factors in combination with genetic data opens new possibilities in addiction research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Suchanecka
- Independent Laboratory of Health Promotion of the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 11 Chlapowskiego St., 70-204 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Chmielowiec
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zyty 28 St., 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland; (J.C.); (K.C.)
| | - Krzysztof Chmielowiec
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zyty 28 St., 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland; (J.C.); (K.C.)
| | - Jolanta Masiak
- Neurophysiological Independent Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Olimpia Sipak-Szmigiel
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Pomeranian Medical University, 48 Żołnierska St., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Sznabowicz
- Indywidual Medical Practice MD M Sznabowicz, Lutówko 14, 74-320 Barlinek, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Czarny
- Faculty of Physical Education, University of Rzeszów, Towarnickiego 3 St., 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Monika Michałowska-Sawczyn
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Kazimierza Górskiego 1 St., 80-336 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Trybek
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wlkp. St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Anna Grzywacz
- Independent Laboratory of Health Promotion of the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 11 Chlapowskiego St., 70-204 Szczecin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Grant JE, Chamberlain SR. Gambling and substance use: Comorbidity and treatment implications. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 99:109852. [PMID: 31881248 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Gambling disorder is a common condition that was previously listed as an impulse control disorder, but is now considered a substance-related and addictive disorder. Gambling disorder has been associated with various untoward long-term outcomes including impaired quality of life, relationship break-ups, debt and mortgage foreclosure, and elevated risk of suicidality. This paper provides a concise primer on gambling disorder, with a special focus on its parallels with substance use disorders. We consider clinical presentations, comorbid expression, heritability, and treatment approaches (psychological and pharmacological). Lastly, we highlight new treatment directions suggested by the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon E Grant
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Samuel R Chamberlain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge; & Cambridge and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust (CPFT), UK
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40
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Yukhnenko D, Blackwood N, Fazel S. Risk factors for recidivism in individuals receiving community sentences: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CNS Spectr 2020; 25:252-263. [PMID: 31218975 PMCID: PMC7183820 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852919001056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to systematically review risk factors for criminal recidivism in individuals given community sentences. METHODS We searched seven bibliographic databases and additionally conducted targeted searches for studies that investigated risk factors for any repeat offending in individuals who had received community (non-custodial) sentences. We included investigations that reported data on at least one risk factor and allowed calculations of odds ratios (ORs). If a similar risk factor was reported in three or more primary studies, they were grouped into domains, and pooled ORs were calculated. RESULTS We identified 15 studies from 5 countries, which reported data on 14 independent samples and 246,608 individuals. We found that several dynamic (modifiable) risk factors were associated with criminal recidivism in community-sentenced populations, including mental health needs (OR = 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2-1.6), substance misuse (OR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.1-4.9), association with antisocial peers (OR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.3-3.7), employment problems (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.3-2.5), marital status (OR = 1.6, 95%: 1.4-1.8), and low income (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1-3.4). The strength of these associations was comparable to that of static (non-modifiable) risk factors, such as age, gender, and criminal history. CONCLUSION Assessing dynamic (modifiable) risk factors should be considered in all individuals given community sentences. The further integration of mental health, substance misuse, and criminal justice services may reduce reoffending risk in community-sentenced populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Yukhnenko
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Blackwood
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Seena Fazel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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41
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Yoon S, Kim J, Hong G, Kim TD, Hong H, Ha E, Ma J, Lyoo IK. Identification of Tendency to Alcohol Misuse From the Structural Brain Networks. Front Syst Neurosci 2020; 14:9. [PMID: 32194378 PMCID: PMC7062673 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2020.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The propensity to engage in risky behaviors including excessive alcohol consumption may impose increased medical, emotional, and psychosocial burdens. Personality and behavioral traits of individuals may contribute in part to the involvement in risky behaviors, and therefore the classification of one’s traits may help identify those who are at risk for future onset of the addictive disorder and related behavioral issues such as alcohol misuse. Personality and behavioral characteristics including impulsivity, anger, reward sensitivity, and avoidance were assessed in a large sample of healthy young adults (n = 475). Participants also underwent diffusion tensor imaging for the analysis of structural brain networks. A data-driven clustering using personality and behavioral traits of the participants identified four subtypes. As compared with individuals clustered into the neutral type, individuals with a high level of impulsivity (A subtype) and those with high levels of reward sensitivity, impulsivity, anger, and avoidance (B subtype) showed significant associations with problem drinking. In contrast, individuals with high levels of impulsivity, anger, and avoidance but not reward sensitivity (C subtype) showed a pattern of social drinking that was similar to those of the neutral subtype. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis with ridge estimators was applied to demonstrate the neurobiological relevance for the identified subtypes according to distinct patterns of structural brain connectivity within the addiction circuitry [neutral vs. A subtype, the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.67–0.81; neutral vs. B subtype, AUC = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.66–0.82; neutral vs. C subtype, AUC = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.70–0.84]. The current findings enable the characterization of individuals according to subtypes based on personality and behavioral traits that are also corroborated by neuroimaging data and may provide a platform to better predict individual risks for addictive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujung Yoon
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jungyoon Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gahae Hong
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tammy D. Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Haejin Hong
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunji Ha
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Ma
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Kyoon Lyoo
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
- The Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- *Correspondence: In Kyoon Lyoo
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42
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Dalley JW, Ersche KD. Neural circuitry and mechanisms of waiting impulsivity: relevance to addiction. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 374:20180145. [PMID: 30966923 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Impatience-the failure to wait or tolerate delayed rewards (e.g. food, drug and monetary incentives)-is a common behavioural tendency in humans. However, when rigidly and rapidly expressed with limited regard for future, often negative consequences, impatient or impulsive actions underlie and confer susceptibility for such diverse brain disorders as drug addiction, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and major depressive disorder. Consequently, 'waiting' impulsivity has emerged as a candidate endophenotype to inform translational research on underlying neurobiological mechanisms and biomarker discovery for many of the so-called impulse-control disorders. Indeed, as reviewed in this article, this research enterprise has revealed a number of unexpected targets and mechanisms for intervention. However, in the context of drug addiction, impulsive decisions that maximize short-term gains (e.g. acute drug consumption) over longer-term punishment (e.g. unemployment, homelessness, personal harm) defines one aspect of impulsivity, which may or may not be related to rapid, unrestrained actions over shorter timescales. We discuss the relevance of this distinction in impulsivity subtypes for drug addiction with reference to translational research in humans and other animals. This article is part of the theme issue 'Risk taking and impulsive behaviour: fundamental discoveries, theoretical perspectives and clinical implications'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Dalley
- 1 Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 3EB , UK.,2 Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 0SZ , UK
| | - Karen D Ersche
- 1 Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 3EB , UK
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43
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Long EC, Kaneva R, Vasilev G, Moeller FG, Vassileva J. Neurocognitive and Psychiatric Markers for Addiction: Common vs. Specific Endophenotypes for Heroin and Amphetamine Dependence. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:585-597. [PMID: 32003694 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200131124608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The differential utility of neurocognitive impulsivity and externalizing/ internalizing traits as putative endophenotypes for dependence on heroin vs. amphetamine is unclear. OBJECTIVE This exploratory study aims to determine: (1) whether neurocognitive impulsivity dimensions and externalizing/internalizing traits are correlated between siblings discordant for heroin and amphetamine dependence; and (2) which of these associations are common across substances and which are substance- specific. METHODS Pearson correlations between individuals with 'pure' heroin and amphetamine dependence and their unaffected biological siblings (n = 37 heroin sibling pairs; n = 30 amphetamine sibling pairs) were run on 10 neurocognitive measures, 6 externalizing measures, and 5 internalizing measures. Sibling pair effects were further examined using regression. RESULTS Siblings discordant for heroin dependence were significantly correlated on delay aversion on the Cambridge Gambling Task, risk-taking on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task, sensation seeking, and hopelessness. Siblings discordant for amphetamine dependence were significantly correlated on the quality of decision-making on the Cambridge Gambling Task, discriminability on the Immediate Memory Task, commission errors on the Go/No Go Task, trait impulsivity, ADHD and anxiety sensitivity. CONCLUSION Dimensions of impulsivity and externalizing/internalizing traits appear to aggregate among siblings discordant for substance dependence. Risk-taking propensity, sensation seeking and hopelessness were specific for heroin sibling pairs. Motor/action impulsivity, trait impulsivity, and anxiety sensitivity were specific to amphetamine sibling pairs. Decisional/choice impulsivity was common across both heroin and amphetamine sibling pairs. These findings provide preliminary evidence for the utility of neurocognitive impulsivity and externalizing/ internalizing traits as candidate endophenotypes for substance dependence in general and for substance-specific dependencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Long
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania PA, United States
| | - Radka Kaneva
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Sofia Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - F Gerard Moeller
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Jasmin Vassileva
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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44
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You do not have to act to be impulsive: Brain resting-state activity predicts performance and impulsivity on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task. Behav Brain Res 2020; 379:112395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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45
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Khemiri L, Larsson H, Kuja-Halkola R, D'Onofrio BM, Lichtenstein P, Jayaram-Lindström N, Latvala A. Association of parental substance use disorder with offspring cognition: a population family-based study. Addiction 2020; 115:326-336. [PMID: 31503371 DOI: 10.1111/add.14813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To assess whether parental substance use disorder (SUD) is associated with lower cognitive ability in offspring, and whether the association is independent of shared genetic factors. DESIGN A population family-based cohort study utilizing national Swedish registries. Linear regression with increased adjustment of covariates was performed in the full population. In addition, the mechanism of the association was investigated with children-of-sibling analyses using fixed-effects regression with three types of sibling parents with increasing genetic relatedness (half-siblings, full siblings and monozygotic twins). SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 3 004 401 people born in Sweden between 1951 and 1998. MEASUREMENTS The exposure variable was parental SUD, operationalized as having a parent with life-time SUD diagnosis or substance-related criminal conviction in the National Patient Register or Crime Register, respectively. Outcomes were cognitive test score at military conscription and final school grades when graduating from compulsory school. Covariates included in the analyses were sex, birth year, parental education, parental migration status and parental psychiatric comorbid diagnoses. FINDINGS In the full population, parental SUD was associated with decreased cognitive test stanine scores at conscription [4.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.55-4.57] and lower Z-standardized school grades (-0.43, 95% CI = -0.43 to -0.42) compared to people with no parental SUD (cognitive test: 5.17, 95% CI = 5.17-5.18; grades: 0.09, 95% CI = 0.08-0.09). There was evidence of a dose-response relationship, in that having two parents with SUD (cognitive test: 4.17, 95% CI = 4.15-4.20; grades: -0.83, 95% CI = -0.84 to -0.82) was associated with even lower cognitive ability than having one parent with SUD (cognitive test: 4.60, 95% CI = 4.59-4.60; grades: -0.38, 95% CI = -0.39 to -0.380). In the children-of-siblings analyses when accounting for genetic relatedness, these negative associations were attenuated, suggestive of shared underlying genetic factors. CONCLUSIONS There appear to be shared genetic factors between parental substance use disorder (SUD) and offspring cognitive function, suggesting that cognitive deficits may constitute a genetically transmitted risk factor in SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotfi Khemiri
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ralf Kuja-Halkola
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brian M D'Onofrio
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nitya Jayaram-Lindström
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antti Latvala
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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46
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Zhong N, Chen T, Zhu Y, Su H, Ruan X, Li X, Tan H, Jiang H, Du J, Zhao M. Smaller Feedback-Related Negativity (FRN) Reflects the Risky Decision-Making Deficits of Methamphetamine Dependent Individuals. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:320. [PMID: 32372989 PMCID: PMC7186331 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) chronic users show risky decision-making deficits. However, the neural mechanisms underlying these deficits remain unclear. A case-control study was conducted to understand how MA users and healthy controls differ in electrophysiological responses associated with series decision-making. Electroencephalography of 31 MA users and 27 healthy controls was recorded when they performed the Balloon Analogue Risk Task involving risky decision-making with uncertain gain or loss. Feedback-related negativity (FRN) was measured and their association with their risky decision-making and impulsivity were examined. Compared to healthy controls, MA users showed smaller peak FRN amplitudes in fronto-central electrodes (F (1, 56) =4.559, p=0.037), and the attenuated peak FRN amplitudes correlated with more risk-taking behavior (r=0.48, p=0.012). Besides, MA users exhibited later FRN (F (1, 56) = 7.561, p=0.008) and earlier P300 (F (1, 56) = 3.582, p = 0.041) compared to healthy controls in fronto-central electrodes, which were correlated with higher score of impulsivity. These findings provided further evidence that MA users showed insensitivity to negative feedback in risky decision-making. FRN might be a promising biomarker of dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhong
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianzhen Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Youwei Zhu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Su
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolu Ruan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoye Tan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Jiang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
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47
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Neural and neurocognitive markers of vulnerability to gambling disorder: a study of unaffected siblings. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:292-300. [PMID: 31597159 PMCID: PMC6901470 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0534-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Psychological and neurobiological markers in individuals with gambling disorder (GD) could reflect transdiagnostic vulnerability to addiction or neuroadaptive consequences of long-term gambling. Using an endophenotypic approach to identify vulnerability markers, we tested the biological relatives of cases with GD. Male participants seeking treatment for GD (n = 20) were compared with a male control group (n = 18). Biological siblings of cases with GD (n = 17, unrelated to the current GD group) were compared with a separate control group (n = 19) that overlapped partially with the GD control group. Participants completed a comprehensive assessment of clinical scales, neurocognitive functioning, and fMRI of unexpected financial reward. The GD group displayed elevated levels of self-report impulsivity and delay discounting, and increased risk-taking on the Cambridge Gamble Task. We did not observe impaired motor impulsivity on the stop-signal task. Siblings of GD showed some overlapping effects; namely, elevated impulsivity (negative urgency) and increased risk-taking on the Cambridge Gamble Task. We did not observe any differences in the neural response to win outcomes, either in the GD or sibling analysis compared with their control group. Within the GD group, activity in the thalamus and caudate correlated negatively with gambling severity. Increased impulsivity and risk-taking in GD are present in biological relatives of cases with GD, suggesting these markers may represent pre-existing vulnerability to GD.
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48
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Gómez-Bujedo J, Lozano ÓM, Pérez-Moreno PJ, Lorca-Marín JA, Fernández-Calderón F, Diaz-Batanero C, Moraleda-Barreno E. Personality Traits and Impulsivity Tasks Among Substance Use Disorder Patients: Their Relations and Links With Retention in Treatment. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:566240. [PMID: 33101084 PMCID: PMC7506060 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.566240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various authors have described the elements of impulsive approach and inhibitory control in drug users. These two components have been studied in terms of personality traits, performance on tasks that measure impulsive behavior, and neurophysiology. However, few studies have analyzed the association between these constructs. Thus, the aim of the present study is to analyze the associations between personality traits and performance on impulsivity tasks. METHODS A follow-up study was conducted with a baseline assessment at the beginning and end of treatment. The sample was composed of 121 patients undergoing treatment in therapeutic communities. Personality domains were evaluated through the PID-5. The impulsivity tasks employed were the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), Delay Discounting Test (DDT), Go/No-Go and Stroop test. RESULTS A correlation was found between DDT scores and the domains of detachment (r = -.315; p<.01), antagonism (r = -.294; p<.01), and disinhibition (r = .215; p<.05). Performance on the Stroop task was significantly associated with psychoticism (r = .232; p<.05) and negative affect (r = .212; p<.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that IGT scores and negative affect predict retention in treatment. CONCLUSIONS These findings partially support the hypothesized association between sensation-seeking personality traits and detachment with impulsive choice tasks; and the relationships between negative affect and psychoticism traits with performance on inhibitory control tasks. Further, impulsive choice task scores and negative affect are both shown to predict retention in treatment.
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49
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Dong GH, Wang M, Zhang J, Du X, Potenza MN. Functional neural changes and altered cortical-subcortical connectivity associated with recovery from Internet gaming disorder. J Behav Addict 2019; 8:692-702. [PMID: 31891311 PMCID: PMC7044574 DOI: 10.1556/2006.8.2019.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although studies have suggested that individuals with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) may have impairments in cognitive functioning, the nature of the relationship is unclear given that the information is typically derived from cross-sectional studies. METHODS Individuals with active IGD (n = 154) and those individuals no longer meeting criteria (n = 29) after 1 year were examined longitudinally using functional magnetic resonance imaging during performance of cue-craving tasks. Subjective responses and neural correlates were contrasted at study onset and at 1 year. RESULTS Subjects' craving responses to gaming cues decreased significantly at 1 year relative to study onset. Decreased brain responses in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and lentiform nucleus were observed at 1 year relative to onset. Significant positive correlations were observed between changes in brain activities in the lentiform nucleus and changes in self-reported cravings. Dynamic causal modeling analysis showed increased ACC-lentiform connectivity at 1 year relative to study onset. CONCLUSIONS After recovery from IGD, individuals appear less sensitive to gaming cues. This recovery may involve increased ACC-related control over lentiform-related motivations in the control over cravings. The extent to which cortical control over subcortical motivations may be targeted in treatments for IGD should be examined further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Heng Dong
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorder, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China,Corresponding authors: Guang-Heng Dong, PhD; Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311121, China; Phone: +86 158 6794 9909; Fax: +86 571 2886 7717; E-mail: ; Marc N. Potenza, PhD, MD; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 1 Church Street, New Haven 06511, CT, USA; Phone: +1 203 737 3553; Fax: +1 203 737 3591; E-mail:
| | - Min Wang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorder, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jialin Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Xiaoxia Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neurobiology, and Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,The Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA,The Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA,Corresponding authors: Guang-Heng Dong, PhD; Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311121, China; Phone: +86 158 6794 9909; Fax: +86 571 2886 7717; E-mail: ; Marc N. Potenza, PhD, MD; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 1 Church Street, New Haven 06511, CT, USA; Phone: +1 203 737 3553; Fax: +1 203 737 3591; E-mail:
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50
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Zhukovsky P, Puaud M, Jupp B, Sala-Bayo J, Alsiö J, Xia J, Searle L, Morris Z, Sabir A, Giuliano C, Everitt BJ, Belin D, Robbins TW, Dalley JW. Withdrawal from escalated cocaine self-administration impairs reversal learning by disrupting the effects of negative feedback on reward exploitation: a behavioral and computational analysis. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:2163-2173. [PMID: 30952156 PMCID: PMC6895115 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0381-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Addiction is regarded as a disorder of inflexible choice with behavior dominated by immediate positive rewards over longer-term negative outcomes. However, the psychological mechanisms underlying the effects of self-administered drugs on behavioral flexibility are not well understood. To investigate whether drug exposure causes asymmetric effects on positive and negative outcomes we used a reversal learning procedure to assess how reward contingencies are utilized to guide behavior in rats previously exposed to intravenous cocaine self-administration (SA). Twenty-four rats were screened for anxiety in an open field prior to acquisition of cocaine SA over six daily sessions with subsequent long-access cocaine SA for 7 days. Control rats (n = 24) were trained to lever-press for food under a yoked schedule of reinforcement. Higher rates of cocaine SA were predicted by increased anxiety and preceded impaired reversal learning, expressed by a decrease in lose-shift as opposed to win-stay probability. A model-free reinforcement learning algorithm revealed that rats with high, but not low cocaine escalation failed to exploit previous reward learning and were more likely to repeat the same response as the previous trial. Eight-day withdrawal from high cocaine escalation was associated, respectively, with increased and decreased dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) and serotonin receptor 2C (HTR2C) expression in the ventral striatum compared with controls. Dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1) expression was also significantly reduced in the orbitofrontal cortex of high cocaine-escalating rats. These findings indicate that withdrawal from escalated cocaine SA disrupts how negative feedback is used to guide goal-directed behavior for natural reinforcers and that trait anxiety may be a latent variable underlying this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Zhukovsky
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Mickael Puaud
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Bianca Jupp
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Júlia Sala-Bayo
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Johan Alsiö
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Jing Xia
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Lydia Searle
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Zoe Morris
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Aryan Sabir
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Chiara Giuliano
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Barry J Everitt
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - David Belin
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Jeffrey W Dalley
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK.
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