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Zhao Q, Huang Y, Sun M, Li Y, Lommel LL. Risk Factors Associated with Intimate Partner Violence against Chinese Women: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16258. [PMID: 36498329 PMCID: PMC9737916 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of intimate partner violence against women in China remains high. Understanding associated risk factors will help inform prevention. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify associated risk factors of intimate partner violence against women in mainland China. METHODS Nine English and Chinese databases were searched from 1 August 2008-2 August 2022. Reference lists of relevant studies supplemented the initial results. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence was used to assess article quality. Study results were combined in a narrative synthesis. RESULTS Nineteen eligible studies were identified. Examples of key intimate partner violence risk factors included: partner's low education or income, unhealthy habits (gambling), women's marital status, poor health or education, women's or partner's childhood abuse or witnessing thereof at home, or multiple children and husband dominance. CONCLUSIONS Despite the significant changes in Chinese policies and the new law, IPV continues, and this review has highlighted vulnerable women who need identification and protection. Further study is needed of individual (e.g., psychological well-being), relationship/family, and society/cultural variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, 15 Feicui Road, Hefei 230601, China
- XiangYa Nursing School, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yuxin Huang
- Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Mei Sun
- XiangYa Nursing School, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, China
- XiangYa Center for Evidence-Based Practice & Healthcare Innovation: A Joanna Briggs Institute Affiliated Group, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ying Li
- Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Lisa L. Lommel
- School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, 2 Koret Way, San Francisco, CA 94143-0606, USA
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Searle K, Blashki G, Kakuma R, Yang H, Minas H. Listening to the Shenzhen Primary Healthcare Context to Adapt the mhGAP-IG.v2 for the Assessment of Depression: Qualitative Workshops with Primary Healthcare Leaders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:2570. [PMID: 35270263 PMCID: PMC8909846 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In Shenzhen, despite recent primary and mental healthcare reform, Primary healthcare doctors (PHC) have limited access to diagnostic tools and a significant mental health treatment gap presides. The World Health Organization's (WHO) mental health gap intervention guide (mhGAP-IG.v2) offers a non-specialist and evidence-based guide for the assessment of depression however requires adaptation to the context of use. Bilingual (Mandarin and English) qualitative research was undertaken with 30 PHC leaders from Shenzhen to compare their assessment approach for depression against the mhGAP-IG.v2 in order to identify context-specific modifications for a local guide. Local assessment differentiators included: a need for culturally sensitive translation of depression symptoms; a preference for a broad, non-hierarchical symptom presentation (including somatic, behavioural and anxiety items); national prioritisation of suicide patients; the integration of family into the cycle of care; limited primary care awareness of a depressive episode in Bipolar Disorder; and China's specialist-led diagnostic approach. Contextual modification of mhGAP-IG.v2 is recommended to take account of China's unique cultural and primary health system response to depression. Ongoing mental health training is required to develop professional confidence in the recognition of mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall Searle
- Global and Cultural Mental Health Unit, Centre for Mental Health, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Grant Blashki
- Nossal Institute for Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Ritsuko Kakuma
- Centre for Global Mental Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HTE, UK;
| | - Hui Yang
- Monash Institute for Health & Clinical Education, School of Primary Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia;
| | - Harry Minas
- Global and Cultural Mental Health Unit, Centre for Mental Health, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;
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Searle K, Blashki G, Kakuma R, Yang H, Lu S, Li B, Xiao Y, Minas H. Adapting the depression component of WHO Mental Health Gap Intervention Guide (mhGAP-IG.v2) for primary care in Shenzhen, China: a DELPHI study. Int J Ment Health Syst 2022; 16:13. [PMID: 35168656 PMCID: PMC8845283 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-022-00523-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary care doctors in Shenzhen, China are increasingly expected to identify and prevent depressive disorder; however, they have received limited mental health training and community healthcare centres (CHC) do not provide standardised protocols for the diagnosis and care of depressive disorder. The World Health Organization’s mental health gap intervention guide, version 2 (mhGAP-IG.v2) is a decision support tool for non-specialists for the assessment, management and follow-up of mental, neurological and substance use disorders (including depressive disorder). Given that mhGAP-IG.v2 is a generic tool, it requires adaptation to take account of cultural differences in depression presentation and unique characteristics of China’s emergent mental health system. Methods A two-round, web-based, Delphi survey was conducted. A panel of primary care doctors from Shenzhen, were invited to score their level of agreement with 199 statements (arranged across 10 domains) proposing changes to the content and structure of mhGAP-IG.v2 for use in Shenzhen. Consensus was predefined as 80% panelists providing a rating of either “somewhat agree/definitely agree”, or “definitely disagree/somewhat disagree” on a five-point scale for agreement. Results 79% of statements received consensus with a mean score of 4.26 (i.e. “somewhat agree”). Agreed adaptations for mhGAP-IG.v2 included:- an assessment approach which considers a broader spectrum of depression symptoms and reflects the life course of disease; incorporating guidance for screening tool usage; clarifying physicians’ roles and including referral pathways for intersectorial care with strong family involvement; aligning drug treatment with national formularies; stronger emphasis of suicide prevention throughout all sections of the guide; contextualizing health education; reflecting a person-centred approach to care. Panelists chose to maintain diagnostic and treatment advice for bipolar patients experiencing a depressive episode as in the current guide. Conclusions An adapted mhGAP-IG.v2 for depression recognises China’s cultural and contextual needs for assessment guidance; unique primary healthcare system organization, priorities and treatment availability; and diverse psychosocial educational needs. An adapted mhGAP-IG.v2 could both inform the future training programs for primary care in Shenzhen and also offer an additional mental health resource for non-specialists in other countries. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13033-022-00523-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall Searle
- Global and Cultural Mental Health Unit, Centre for Mental Health, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Grant Blashki
- Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Ritsuko Kakuma
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HTE, England, UK
| | - Hui Yang
- Monash Institute for Health and Clinical Education, School of Primary Health Care, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Shurong Lu
- Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Baoqi Li
- Shenzhen Guangming Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bao'an District, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yingying Xiao
- Shenzhen Guangming Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bao'an District, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Harry Minas
- Global and Cultural Mental Health Unit, Centre for Mental Health, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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Mo PKH, Cheng Y, Lau JTF. Work-related factors on mental health among migrant factory workers in china: Application of the Demand-Control and Effort-Reward Imbalance Model. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:656-667. [PMID: 32989898 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mental health problems are prevalent among migrant workers in China. The present study examined the prevalence of mental health problems (depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation) among migrant workers in China, and identified the work-related factors associated with their mental health problems based on the Demand-Control and Effort-Reward Imbalance Model. A total of 807 migrant workers were recruited from three factories in Shenzhen using stratified randomized sampling. The prevalence of moderate-to-severe anxiety, mild-to-severe depression and suicidal ideation in the past year was 17.8%, 60.3% and 4.8% respectively. Results from stepwise regression analyses reported that role conflict and effort were risk factors, whereas utilization of job skills and reward were protective factors for anxiety and depression. Social support was also associated with lower level of depression. Effort was the only factor associated with suicidal ideation in the stepwise analysis. Interventions to improve their mental health are warranted and they should work to reduce their role conflict, improve effort-reward balance, promote utilization of skills and increase social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoenix K H Mo
- Centre for Health Behaviors Research, School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Department of Anthropology, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Joseph T F Lau
- Centre for Health Behaviors Research, School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Centre for Medical Anthropology, Behavioral Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Sznajder KK, Harlow SD, Wang J, Tso L, Ashagre Y, Han C. Factors associated with symptoms of poor mental health among women factory workers in China's supply chain. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2022; 95:1209-1219. [PMID: 35001196 PMCID: PMC8743097 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01820-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Foreign direct investment (FDI) to China has motivated increased labor migration to export processing zones (EPZs). Work environments with high occupational stress, such as production line jobs typical in EPZs, have been associated with adverse mental health symptoms. METHODS A cross-sectional survey that examined occupational stress and symptoms of poor mental health was implemented among Chinese women factory workers in three electronic factories in the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area. Symptoms of mental health measured in the survey were hopelessness, depression, not feeling useful or needed, and trouble concentrating. Crude and adjusted prevalence odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated with logistic regression. RESULTS Responses were collected from 696 women factory workers. Participants were aged 18-56 years (mean 28 ± 5.8), 66% of whom were married and 25% of whom were migrants. Nearly 50% of participants reported at least one symptom of poor mental health. After adjusting for covariates associated with each outcome in the bivariate analysis, high job strain was associated with hopelessness (OR 2.68, 95% CI 1.58, 4.56), not feeling useful (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.22, 3.43), and feeling depressed (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.16, 2.72). CONCLUSION This study expands on the international body of research on the well-being of women working in the global supply chain and provides evidence on the associations between occupational stressors, migration, and social support on symptoms of poor mental health among women workers. Future research to better understand and improve psychological health and to prevent suicide among workers in China's factories is critical to improve the health of China's labor force.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. K. Sznajder
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, 90 Hope Drive, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - S. D. Harlow
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - J. Wang
- Department of Social Medicine, College of Health Management, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning China
| | - L. Tso
- Anthropology, Global Health and Medical Humanities Initiative, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA ,Center for Health and Human Development Studies, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Y. Ashagre
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, 90 Hope Drive, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - C. Han
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
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Li Y, Chen J, Xie S, Huang X. Acculturation, urban identity, and psychological well-being of rural-urban migrants in China. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2021; 14:1129-1150. [PMID: 34898022 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acculturation and identity are two significant determinants of the psychological well-being of migrants, but how they interactively affect psychological well-being is still underexplored. This study proposes an interactional perspective that links acculturation and urban identity to the psychological well-being of rural-urban migrants in China. Using data from the 2014 National Migrant Population Dynamic Monitoring Survey, the results of multilevel modeling indicate that both acculturation and urban identity significantly affect the psychological well-being of rural-urban migrants. Migrants who adopt the integration and assimilation strategy show better psychological well-being than those who adopt the separation and marginalization strategy. Rural-urban migrants who have a stronger sense of urban identity show better psychological well-being than those with a weaker sense of urban identity. Meanwhile, urban identity and acculturation also interactively affect the psychological well-being of rural-urban migrants. In particular, urban identity alleviates the negative pressure generated in the process of acculturation for those who adopt the acculturation strategy of separation. In addition, the effect of acculturation and urban identity on the psychological well-being of rural-urban migrants varies by migration distance. The research contributes to the literature by demonstrating that cultural identity and place identity interactively affect the psychological well-being of internal migrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxue Li
- School of Public Administration, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Chen
- China Research and Development Network, Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shenghua Xie
- School of Public Administration, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Huang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Vietnamese Women Rural Migrants’ Social Vulnerability Under the Lens of Hegemonic Masculinities and Confucianism. JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND INTEGRATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12134-021-00916-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Pangaribuan SM, Lin YK, Lin MF, Chang HJ. Mediating Effects of Coping Strategies on the Relationship Between Mental Health and Quality of Life Among Indonesian Female Migrant Workers in Taiwan. J Transcult Nurs 2021; 33:178-189. [PMID: 34784809 DOI: 10.1177/10436596211057289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mental health is a major concern among migrant workers worldwide. More than 200,846 female migrant workers in Taiwan are from Indonesia. The study's purpose was to investigate mediating effects of coping strategies on the relationship between mental health problems and the quality of life (QoL). METHOD This cross-sectional study was conducted in Taiwan. In total, 500 Indonesian female migrant workers completed four questionnaires. A mediation test was conducted to estimate direct and indirect effects. RESULTS Coping strategies, namely substance use, behavioral disengagement, denial, and religious dedication, partially mediated the relationship between mental health problems (depression, anxiety, and stress) and QoL among Indonesian female migrant workers in Taiwan. DISCUSSION Health promotion programs should be developed for Indonesian female migrant workers in Taiwan to help them detect and overcome their mental health problems. Interventions that facilitate effective coping strategies should be administered to improve their QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yen-Kuang Lin
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Mei-Feng Lin
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ju Chang
- College of Nursing, Department of Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Ajaero CK, Wet-Billings ND, Atama C, Agwu P, Eze EJ. The prevalence and contextual correlates of non-communicable diseases among inter-provincial migrants and non-migrants in South Africa. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:999. [PMID: 34044795 PMCID: PMC8161948 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11044-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The socioeconomic conditions of different environments manifest in varying experiences of illnesses. Even as migrants do transit across these different environments for various reasons, including settlement, they are bound to have peculiar experiences of diseases, which could be traced to lifestyle, gender, adaptation, and reactions to specific social, economic, psychological and climatic conditions. Paying attention to such unique scenarios, our study examines the prevalence and contextual correlates of non-communicable diseases among inter-provincial migrants and non-migrants in South Africa. METHODS Data was from the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS), waves 5 of 2017, which comprised of 28,055 respondents aged 15-64 years made up of 22,849 inter-provincial non-migrants and 5206 inter-provincial migrants. A composite dependent/outcome variable of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) was generated for the study and data analysis involved descriptive statistics, chi Square analysis and multilevel logistic regression analysis. RESULTS More migrants (19.81%) than non-migrants (16.69%) reported prevalence of NCDs. With the exception of household size for migrants and smoking for non-migrants, the prevalence of NCDs showed significant differences in all the community, behavioral, and individual variables. The factors in the full model, which significantly increased odds of NCDs among the migrants and the non-migrants, were older populations, the non-Blacks, and those with higher education levels. On the one hand, being married, having a household with 4-6 persons, and being residents of urban areas significantly increased odds of NCDs among the migrant population. While on the other, living in coastal provinces, being a female, and belonging to the category of those who earn more than 10,000 Rands were significantly associated with increased odds of NCDs among the non-migrants. CONCLUSIONS These findings, therefore, among other things underscore the need for increased education and awareness campaigns, especially among the older populations on the preventive and mitigative strategies for NCDs. In addition, changes in lifestyles with regard to smoking and physical exercises should be more emphasized in specific contextual situations for the migrant and non-migrant populations, as highlighted by the results of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwuedozie K Ajaero
- Department of Geography, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria.,Demography and Population Studies Programme, Schools of Public Health and Social Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nicole De Wet-Billings
- Demography and Population Studies Programme, Schools of Public Health and Social Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Chiemezie Atama
- Department of Sociology/Anthropology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Prince Agwu
- Department of Social Work, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Eberechukwu J Eze
- Department of Geography, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria.
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de Smalen AW, Chan ZX, Abreu Lopes C, Vanore M, Loganathan T, Pocock NS. Developing an evidence assessment framework and appraising the academic literature on migrant health in Malaysia: a scoping review. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e041379. [PMID: 33462099 PMCID: PMC7813391 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of international migrants in Malaysia face challenges in obtaining good health, the extent of which is still relatively unknown. This study aims to map the existing academic literature on migrant health in Malaysia and to provide an overview of the topical coverage, quality and level of evidence of these scientific studies. METHODS A scoping review was conducted using six databases, including Econlit, Embase, Global Health, Medline, PsycINFO and Social Policy and Practice. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were conducted in Malaysia, peer-reviewed, focused on a health dimension according to the Bay Area Regional Health Inequities Initiative (BARHII) framework, and targeted the vulnerable international migrant population. Data were extracted by using the BARHII framework and a newly developed decision tree to identify the type of study design and corresponding level of evidence. Modified Joanna Briggs Institute checklists were used to assess study quality, and a multiple-correspondence analysis (MCA) was conducted to identify associations between different variables. RESULTS 67 publications met the selection criteria and were included in the study. The majority (n=41) of studies included foreign workers. Over two-thirds (n=46) focused on disease and injury, and a similar number (n=46) had descriptive designs. The average quality of the papers was low, yet quality differed significantly among them. The MCA showed that high-quality studies were mostly qualitative designs that included refugees and focused on living conditions, while prevalence and analytical cross-sectional studies were mostly of low quality. CONCLUSION This study provides an overview of the scientific literature on migrant health in Malaysia published between 1965 and 2019. In general, the quality of these studies is low, and various health dimensions have not been thoroughly researched. Therefore, researchers should address these issues to improve the evidence base to support policy-makers with high-quality evidence for decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allard Willem de Smalen
- Maastricht Graduate School of Governance, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- United Nations University-Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- United Nations University-International Institute for Global Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zhie X Chan
- United Nations University-International Institute for Global Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Claudia Abreu Lopes
- United Nations University-International Institute for Global Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Michaella Vanore
- Maastricht Graduate School of Governance, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- United Nations University-Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tharani Loganathan
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nicola S Pocock
- United Nations University-International Institute for Global Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Gender Violence & Health Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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11
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Li J. Impact of environmental shocks on the preferred number of children of internal migrants: Evidence from China. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2020.1801962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- School of Government, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China
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12
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Hou F, Liu H, Peng X, You L, Zhou Z, Xie H, Liu T. Gender disparities in depressive and anxiety symptoms among internal migrant workers in Shenzhen: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e041446. [PMID: 33268428 PMCID: PMC7713212 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the gender disparities in the prevalence and severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms and associated factors among internal migrant workers in Shenzhen. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Labour intensive factories in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. PARTICIPANTS We recruited 3200 internal migrant workers who aged over 18 years old and above and did not register in Shenzhen's household registration system. There were 3095 participants eligible for this study. METHODS Participants completed sociodemographic questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, the UCLA Loneliness Scale, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, the Social Support Rating Scale, the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and Meaning in Life Questionnaire. We applied χ2 test, analysis of variance, Wilcoxon rank test, Fisher's exact test and univariate and multivariate multilevel linear regression analysis. RESULTS The overall prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was 27.85% and 19.26% among internal migrant workers. We reported gender disparities of depressive and anxiety symptoms among participants that the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was higher in women (30.57% vs 26.43% and 22.67% vs 17.47%), and the symptoms were more severe among women. Female migrant workers were more likely to be singled, have lower prevalence of smoking and drinking, receive less education and monthly income, have higher level of impulsiveness and social support and lower level of meaning in life. We found age, marriage, income, adaption to living in Shenzhen, being discriminated, drinking, loneliness, impulsiveness, social support, coping strategies and meaning of life were associated with the severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms among internal migrant workers in Shenzhen. CONCLUSION Gender inequality may be the institutional factor leading to disparities in depressive and anxiety symptoms among internal migrant workers. Interventions should be embedded with strategies improving gender equality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengsu Hou
- Department of Public Health, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital/Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiming Liu
- Department of Public Health, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital/Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaodong Peng
- Department of Public Health, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital/Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liqin You
- Department of Public Health, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital/Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijian Zhou
- Department of Public Health, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital/Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiyan Xie
- Department of Public Health, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital/Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tiebang Liu
- Shenzhen Kangning Hospital/Shenzhen Mental Healch Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Tong L, Kawachi I. Experiences of discrimination and self-reported health in Chinese migrants: a structural equation model. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1477. [PMID: 32993614 PMCID: PMC7526124 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09588-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many migrants suffer from discrimination and poor health in China. We sought to examine the associations between experiences of discrimination and self-reported health among internal migrants in China, as well as the mediators of social integration and perceived stress. Methods The data was obtained from a specific survey of migrants, as a part of the National Health and Family Planning Dynamic Monitoring for Migrants conducted in 2014. A total of 15,999 migrants aged 15 to 59 years were recruited by a stratified, multistage clustered sampling procedure in eight Chinese cities. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was conducted. Results The results indicated that experiences of discrimination were associated with worse self-reported health (β = − 0.32, P < 0.001), less social integration (β = − 0.25, P < 0.001), as well as higher perceived stress (β = 0.21, P < 0.01). Both objectively measured socioeconomic status (β = 0.21, P < 0.001) and subjective social status (β = 0.21, P < 0.01) had significantly positive correlations with self-reported health. Conclusions The discrimination, social exclusion and perceived stress experienced by migrants have significant implications on their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Tong
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA. .,Key Laboratory Public Health Safety, Chinese Ministry of Education, P.O. Box 244, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
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Lommel L, Hu X, Sun M, Chen JL. Frequency of depressive symptoms among female migrant workers in China: associations with acculturation, discrimination, and reproductive health. Public Health 2020; 181:151-157. [PMID: 32036172 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Depression has been associated with numerous adverse health conditions. This study sought to determine the frequency of significant depressive symptoms and whether or not acculturative stress, discrimination, and reproductive health conditions were risk factors for significant depressive symptoms in migrant working women in China. STUDY DESIGN The design of this study is cross-sectional. METHODS Data were derived from a survey of female migrant workers at three employment sites in Changsha, China. The associations between acculturative stress, discrimination, reproductive health, and risk for significant depressive symptoms were obtained using F-tests for mean differences, correlations, ordinary least squares regression, and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Between March and June 2017, 232 eligible female participants completed the survey among whom the median age was 34.36 years (standard error 0.43) and 25.58% reported significant depressive symptoms. Significant depressive symptoms were associated with higher education (F-test, P = .006), all four acculturative stress factors (r = 0.15 to r = 0.29), both institutional and interpersonal discrimination (r = 0.29, r = 0.35), age (r = - 0.13), and self-rated health (r = - 0.19). In multivariate regression analysis of depression scale scores, interpersonal discrimination was the strongest predictor (beta = 0.238, P = .002) among the nine factors identified in bivariate analysis. None of the other predictors (age, self-rated health, education, acculturative stress, and institutional discrimination) showed significant associations with the depression scale. Similar results were obtained for a multivariate logistic regression analysis of a clinically important threshold for depression (<10 versus ≥ 10 on the depression scale). Only interpersonal discrimination significantly distinguished between clinical depression categories (odds ratio = 2.607 per unit change in the index, P = .001). CONCLUSIONS Migrant women workers in China appear to be at risk for significant depressive symptoms, and interpersonal discrimination appears to be an important risk factor in this setting. Acculturative stress and institutional discrimination may also be relevant risk factors, as suggested in our bivariate analysis, but in our sample, the correlations between the stress and discrimination factors are high enough to compromise identification of unique associations between acculturation stress and depression. Government, community and workplace education, and psychosocial services for migrant women are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lommel
- Department of Family Health Care Nursing, School of Nursing, 2 Koret Way, Box 0606, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA, 94143-0606.
| | - X Hu
- Xianga Nursing School, Central South University, No. 172 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - M Sun
- Xianga Nursing School, Central South University, No. 172 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - J-L Chen
- Department of Family Health Care Nursing, School of Nursing, 2 Koret Way, Box 0606, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA, 94143-0606.
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Searle K, Blashki G, Kakuma R, Yang H, Zhao Y, Minas H. Current needs for the improved management of depressive disorder in community healthcare centres, Shenzhen, China: a view from primary care medical leaders. Int J Ment Health Syst 2019; 13:47. [PMID: 31297142 PMCID: PMC6598358 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-019-0300-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of depressive disorder in Shenzhen is higher than for any other city in China. Despite national health system reform to integrate mental health into primary care, the majority of depression cases continue to go unrecognized and untreated. Qualitative research was conducted with primary care medical leaders to describe the current clinical practice of depressive disorder in community healthcare centres (CHC) in Shenzhen and to explore the participants' perceptions of psychological, organizational and societal barriers and enablers to current practice with a view to identifying current needs for the improved care of depressive disorder in the community. Methods Seventeen semi-structured, audio-recorded interviews (approx. 1 h long) were conducted in Melbourne (n = 7) and Shenzhen (n = 10) with a convenience sample of primary care medical leaders who currently work in community healthcare centres (CHC) in Shenzhen and completed any one of the 3-month long, Melbourne-based, "Monash-Shenzhen Primary Healthcare Leaders Programs" conducted between 2015 and 2017. The interview guide was developed using the Theoretical Domain's Framework (TDF) and a directed content analysis (using Nvivo 11 software) was performed using English translations. Results Despite primary care medical leaders being aware of a mental health treatment gap and the benefits of early depression care for community wellbeing, depressive disorder was not perceived as a treatment priority in CHCs. Instead, hospital specialists were identified as holding primary responsibility for formal diagnosis and treatment initiation with primary care doctors providing early assessment and basic health education. Current needs for improved depression care included: (i) Improved professional development for primary care doctors with better access to diagnostic guidelines and tools, case-sharing and improved connection with mentors to overcome current low levels of treatment confidence. (ii) An improved consulting environment (e.g. allocated mental health resource; longer and private consultations; developed medical referral system; better access to antidepressants) which embraces mental health initiatives (e.g. development of mental health departments in local hospitals; future use of e-mental health; reimbursement for patients; doctors' incentives). (iii) Improved health literacy to overcome substantive mental health stigma in society and specific stigma directed towards the only public psychiatric hospital. Conclusions Whilst a multi-faceted approach is needed to improve depression care in community health centres in Shenzhen, this study highlights how appropriate mental health training is central to developing a robust work-force which can act as key agents in national healthcare reform. The cultural adaption of the depression component of the World Health Organisation's mental health gap intervention guide (mhGAP-IG.v2) could provide primary care doctors with a future training tool to develop their assessment skills and treatment confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall Searle
- 1Global and Cultural Mental Health Unit, Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Grant Blashki
- 2Nossal Institute for Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Ritsuko Kakuma
- 3London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HTE England UK
| | - Hui Yang
- 4Monash Institute for Health & Clinical Education, School of Primary Health Care, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC 3168 Australia
| | - Yuanlin Zhao
- 5Faculty of Education, Queen's University, Kingston, ON Canada
| | - Harry Minas
- 1Global and Cultural Mental Health Unit, Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
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Chen L, Ngoubene-Atioky AJ. Does Number of Children Moderate the Link between Intimate Partner Violence and Marital Instability among Chinese Female Migrant Workers? SEX ROLES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-019-1017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Luo M, Zhu L, Dong Y, Wang Z, Shen Q, Mo D, Du L, Zhang Z, Cai Y. Sexual compulsivity and its relationship with condomless sex among unmarried female migrant workers in Shanghai, China: a cross-sectional study. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2018; 18:181. [PMID: 30413203 PMCID: PMC6230223 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-018-0670-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Individuals with high sexual compulsivity are preoccupied with their sexual desire to such an extent that it interferes with their normal daily life and can inhibit self-control. Previous studies have found a close association between sexual compulsivity and condomless sex among different populations; however, no studies have investigated this among unmarried female migrant workers in China. This study aimed to validate the Sexual Compulsivity Scale (SCS) for appropriate use and examine the association between sexual compulsivity and condomless sex in this target population. Methods In 2015, we recruited 1325 unmarried female migrant workers in Shanghai, China. Information about sociodemographics, sexual compulsivity, and condomless sex were collected using a structured questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis were performed to validate the Chinese version of the SCS. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between sexual compulsivity and condomless sex. Results The prevalence of condomless sex in the previous 6 months was 66.8% among all participants. The SCS was proven internally consistent for the overall scale (Cronbach’s α = 0.89), and two factors, Social Disruptiveness (Cronbach’s α = 0.87) and Perceived Self-Control (Cronbach’s α = 0.84), were extracted. With mean total score of 18.25 (standard deviation = 4.94) after adjusting for significant sociodemographic factors, the SCS total scores (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02–1.07) and two subscale scores (AOR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.02–1.13; AOR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.02–1.10) were all related to inconsistent condom use with partners in the previous 6 months. Conclusions The Chinese version of the SCS was found to be well adaptable for use among unmarried Chinese female migrant workers and a potential predictor for condomless sex. In addition to safe sex interventions, counselling on managing sexually compulsivity should also be provided in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Luo
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Women and Children's Health, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Dong
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Zezhou Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuming Shen
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Mo
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Du
- Shanghai Center for Women and Children's Health, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiruo Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Cai
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
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Ren S, Zhang J, Hennessy DA. Psychological strains and psychological distress among Chinese rural migrant workers. ASIAN AND PACIFIC MIGRATION JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0117196818766377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This research note reports on a study that examined the psychological strains among migrant workers in China, and the potential negative life impact of these strains. It was hypothesized that psychological strains, resulting from social and psychological conflicts (value strain, aspiration strain, deprivation strain and coping strain), would be associated with greater psychological distress. Most of the sampled migrant workers experienced at least one of four types of strain. Independently, greater levels of all four types of strain were related to elevated self-reported psychological distress. Regression analyses showed that coping strain was the strongest predictor of psychological distress, whereas deprivation strain was not predictive when other types of strain were simultaneously considered. It is concluded that further research regarding the combined impact of social and personal factors in impacting both healthy and unhealthy psychological outcomes within the population of migrant workers in China is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jie Zhang
- Central University of Finance and Economics and State University of New York College at Buffalo
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Li J, Rose N. Urban social exclusion and mental health of China's rural-urban migrants – A review and call for research. Health Place 2017; 48:20-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ajaero CK, Odimegwu CO, Chisumpa V, Obisie-Nmehielle N. The influence of internal migration on mental health status in South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH PROMOTION 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14623730.2017.1327879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chukwuedozie K. Ajaero
- Department of Geography, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria
- Demography and Population Studies Programme, Schools of Public Health and Social Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Clifford O. Odimegwu
- Demography and Population Studies Programme, Schools of Public Health and Social Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Vesper Chisumpa
- Demography and Population Studies Programme, Schools of Public Health and Social Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nkechi Obisie-Nmehielle
- Demography and Population Studies Programme, Schools of Public Health and Social Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Guan M. Measuring the effects of socioeconomic factors on mental health among migrants in urban China: a multiple indicators multiple causes model. Int J Ment Health Syst 2017; 11:10. [PMID: 28070220 PMCID: PMC5217273 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-016-0118-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Since 1978, rural–urban migrants mainly contribute Chinese urbanization. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of socioeconomic factors on mental health of them. Their mental health was measured by 12-item general health questionnaire (GHQ-12). Methods The study sample comprised 5925 migrants obtained from the 2009 rural-to-urban migrants survey (RUMiC). The relationships among the instruments were assessed by the correlation analysis. The one-factor (overall items), two-factor (positive vs. negative items), and model conducted by principal component analysis were tested in the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). On the basis of three CFA models, the three multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) models with age, gender, marriage, ethnicity, and employment were constructed to investigate the concurrent associations between socioeconomic factors and GHQ-12. Results Of the sample, only 1.94% were of ethnic origin and mean age was 31.63 (SD = ±10.43) years. The one-factor, two-factor, and three-factor structure (i.e. semi-positive/negative/independent usefulness) had good model fits in the CFA analysis and gave order (i.e. 2 factor>3 factor>1 factor), which suggests that the three models can be used to assess psychological symptoms of migrants in urban China. All MIMIC models had acceptable fit and gave order (i.e. one-dimensional model>two-dimensional model>three-dimensional model). Conclusions There were weak associations of socioeconomic factors with mental health among migrants in urban China. Policy discussion suggested that improvement of socioeconomic status of rural–urban migrants and mental health systems in urban China should be highlighted and strengthened. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13033-016-0118-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Guan
- Family Issues Center at Xuchang University, School of Business, Xuchang University, Road Bayi 88, Xuchang, Henan China
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22
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Jurado D, Alarcón RD, Martínez-Ortega JM, Mendieta-Marichal Y, Gutiérrez-Rojas L, Gurpegui M. Factors associated with psychological distress or common mental disorders in migrant populations across the world. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsmen.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chen L, Yu Z, Luo X, Huang Z. Intimate partner violence against married rural-to-urban migrant workers in eastern China: prevalence, patterns, and associated factors. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:1232. [PMID: 27927195 PMCID: PMC5142315 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3896-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health issue among married rural-to-urban migrant workers, the largest group of internal migrants in China. This study aims to explore the prevalence, patterns and associated factors of intimate partner violence against married rural-to-urban migrant workers in eastern China. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Zhejiang province in China between July 2015 and April 2016, and a total of 1,744 married rural-to-urban migrant workers ultimately took part in the study. Conflict Tactics Scales and several short demographic questions were applied. Data were principally analyzed with logistic regression. RESULTS The majority of married rural-to-urban migrant workers were middle-aged couples with a low education level and a relatively long-term duration of migration in fixed migrant cities. Nearly 45% of married rural-to-urban migrant workers were experienced at least one incident of intimate partner violence during the past 12 months. The joint occurrence of multiple forms of violence is the most commonly reported features of intimate partner violence, especially three overlapping patterns of intimate partner violence. Some individual (education and age), relationship (marital satisfaction, premarital sex and extramarital affairs) and social (duration of migration and number of migratory cities) factors of the respondents, were negatively or positively associated with intimate partner violence against married rural-to-urban migrant workers. CONCLUSION The results indicated that one out of two married rural-to-urban migrant workers experienced at least one incident of intimate partner violence during the past 12 months in China. Accordingly, there is an obvious demand of intervention and treatment activities to prevent and reduce the occurrence of intimate partner violence among the millions of migrant workers in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Psychology, School of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zonghuo Yu
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xianming Luo
- Department of Psychology, School of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhaoxin Huang
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Wen M, Zheng Z, Niu J. Psychological distress of rural-to-urban migrants in two Chinese cities: Shenzhen and Shanghai. ASIAN POPULATION STUDIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/17441730.2016.1233655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Nguyen QT, Tran TTT, Phan CTT, Pham TC. Housing for Female Factory Workers: The Association between Renting Accommodation and Satisfaction with Income and Living Conditions. AIMS Public Health 2016; 3:837-848. [PMID: 29546198 PMCID: PMC5690408 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2016.4.837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vietnam has experienced a strong wave of migrants to urban and industrialized areas. This is a challenge for both local and national governments, which need to address the problems of the poor and socially marginalized, including providing housing for rural-to-urban migrants. Poor housing and the economic burden of house renting are increasingly recognized as determinants of both physical and mental health. Objectives This paper examined the association between renting accommodation and income satisfaction and living conditions of female workers in light manufacturing industries in Vietnam. Methods A cross-sectional study was implemented with quantitative survey of 2,818 female workers in 10 light manufacturing factories in 3 industrial zones by a self-administered questionnaire. Results Over 38% of female workers had to rent accommodation. The average expense for accommodation, water and electricity accounted for 30.1% of renters' income, which is 7.2% (CI 95%, 5.3–9.3%) higher than for non-renters. A higher proportion of renters than non-renters considered their income was unstable and insufficient for living costs. In addition, only 7.2% of renters reported that their living conditions were suitable, notably lower than non-renters (22.4%). Conclusion The study showed the economic burden of renting accommodation on workers' income satisfaction and living conditions. The findings have implications for an adequate housing access strategy for workers including the integration of housing development in the planning and development of industrial zones and factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Hanoi School of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Thi Thu Tran
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Hanoi School of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Tuan Cong Pham
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, Griffith University, Australia
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Factors associated with psychological distress or common mental disorders in migrant populations across the world. REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2016; 10:45-58. [PMID: 27291831 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We systematically review factors associated with the presence of psychological distress or common mental disorders in migrant populations. Articles published between January 2000 and December 2014 were reviewed and 85 applying multivariate statistical analysis were selected. Common mental disorders were significantly associated with socio-demographic and psychological characteristics, as observed in large epidemiological studies on general populations. The probability of common mental disorders occurrence differs significantly among migrant groups according to their region of origin. Moreover, traumatic events prior to migration, forced, unplanned, poorly planned or illegal migration, low level of acculturation, living alone or separated from family in the host country, lack of social support, perceived discrimination, and the length of migrants' residence in the host country all increase the likelihood of CMD. In contrast, language proficiency, family reunification, and perceived social support reduce such probability. Factors related with the risk of psychiatric morbidity among migrants should be taken into account to design preventive strategies.
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Association between Spouse/Child Separation and Migration-Related Stress among a Random Sample of Rural-to-Urban Migrants in Wuhan, China. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154252. [PMID: 27124768 PMCID: PMC4849777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Millions of people move from rural areas to urban areas in China to pursue new opportunities while leaving their spouses and children at rural homes. Little is known about the impact of migration-related separation on mental health of these rural migrants in urban China. Methods Survey data from a random sample of rural-to-urban migrants (n = 1113, aged 18–45) from Wuhan were analyzed. The Domestic Migration Stress Questionnaire (DMSQ), an instrument with four subconstructs, was used to measure migration-related stress. The relationship between spouse/child separation and stress was assessed using survey estimation methods to account for the multi-level sampling design. Results 16.46% of couples were separated from their spouses (spouse-separation only), 25.81% of parents were separated from their children (child separation only). Among the participants who married and had children, 5.97% were separated from both their spouses and children (double separation). Spouse-separation only and double separation did not scored significantly higher on DMSQ than those with no separation. Compared to parents without child separation, parents with child separation scored significantly higher on DMSQ (mean score = 2.88, 95% CI: [2.81, 2.95] vs. 2.60 [2.53, 2.67], p < .05). Stratified analysis by separation type and by gender indicated that the association was stronger for child-separation only and for female participants. Conclusion Child-separation is an important source of migration-related stress, and the effect is particularly strong for migrant women. Public policies and intervention programs should consider these factors to encourage and facilitate the co-migration of parents with their children to mitigate migration-related stress.
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Sun J, Ryder AG. The Chinese Experience of Rapid Modernization: Sociocultural Changes, Psychological Consequences? Front Psychol 2016; 7:477. [PMID: 27092093 PMCID: PMC4820454 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mainland China has undergone profound changes dating back to the nineteenth century, including a contemporary period of rapid modernization that began in the 1980s. The result has been dramatic social, cultural, and economic shifts impacting the daily lives of Chinese people. In this paper, we explore the psychological implications of sociocultural transformation in China, emphasizing two central themes. First, rising individualism: findings from social and developmental psychology suggest that China’s rapid development has been accompanied by ever-increasing adherence to individualistic values. Second, rising rates of depression: findings from psychiatric epidemiology point to increasing prevalence of depression over this same time period, particularly in rural settings. We argue that links between sociocultural and psychological shifts in China can be usefully studied through a cultural psychology lens, emphasizing the mutual constitution of culture, mind, and brain. In particular, we note that the link between social change, individualism, and rising mental illness deserves careful attention. Our review suggests that shifting values and socialization practices shape emotion norms of concealment and display, with implications for depressive symptom presentation. The challenge comes with interpretation. Increasing prevalence rates of depression may indeed be a general response to the rapidity of sociocultural change, or a specific consequence of rising individualism—but may also result from increasingly ‘Western’ patterns of symptom presentation, or improvements in diagnostic practice. We conclude by considering the challenges posed to standard universal models of psychological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Sun
- Culture, Health, and Personality Lab, Centre for Clinical Research in Health and Department of Psychology, Concordia University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrew G Ryder
- Culture, Health, and Personality Lab, Centre for Clinical Research in Health and Department of Psychology, Concordia UniversityMontreal, QC, Canada; Culture and Mental Health Research Unit, Jewish General HospitalMontreal, QC, Canada
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Kang G, Xiao J, Wang J, Chen J, Li W, Wang Y, Liu Q, Wang Z, Xia J, Huang J, Cheng L, Chen Y, Chen Q, Yang F. Congenital Heart Disease in Local and Migrant Elementary Schoolchildren in Dongguan, China. Am J Cardiol 2016; 117:461-4. [PMID: 26704031 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and treated status of congenital heart disease (CHD) in elementary schoolchildren and facilitate the long-term planning of health care, resource allocation, and development of targeted primary prevention strategies. From November 2011 to November 2012, 540,574 schoolchildren from 449 elementary schools were screened for CHD by trained doctors in Dongguan City. The schoolchildren who were suspected to have CHD were referred to a pediatric cardiologist and/or an echocardiographist for complete evaluation. Of them, 214,634 (39.7%) were local children and 325,940 (60.3%) were migrant children. The total prevalence of CHD was 2.14‰, and there was a significant difference (p <0.05) of the CHD prevalence between local (1.97‰) and migrant children (2.26‰). The treatment rates of CHD in local children and in migrant children were 63.51% and 47.21%, respectively (p <0.01). The commonest CHD was ventricular septal defect (43.13%), followed by atrial septal defect (25.84%) and patent ductus arteriosus (12.79%). With respect to gender, CHD was equally distributed between men and women. In conclusion, social, economic, and environmental risk factors that affect health of migrant children with CHD call for more attention from health policy makers and researchers in contemporary China. Efforts should be made to increase public health investment, establish health care manage system for children from migrant families, and increase the parents' awareness of preventing the CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyang Kang
- Department of Cardiology, the Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Jinan University, the Fifth People's Hospital of Dongguan (also called Taiping People's Hospital of Dongguan), Guangdong, China; Medical College of Shantou University, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianmin Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, the Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Jinan University, the Fifth People's Hospital of Dongguan (also called Taiping People's Hospital of Dongguan), Guangdong, China.
| | - Jieying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Jinan University, the Fifth People's Hospital of Dongguan (also called Taiping People's Hospital of Dongguan), Guangdong, China
| | - Jiuhao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Jinan University, the Fifth People's Hospital of Dongguan (also called Taiping People's Hospital of Dongguan), Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, the Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Jinan University, the Fifth People's Hospital of Dongguan (also called Taiping People's Hospital of Dongguan), Guangdong, China
| | - Yitong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Jinan University, the Fifth People's Hospital of Dongguan (also called Taiping People's Hospital of Dongguan), Guangdong, China
| | - Qingchun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Jinan University, the Fifth People's Hospital of Dongguan (also called Taiping People's Hospital of Dongguan), Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Jinan University, the Fifth People's Hospital of Dongguan (also called Taiping People's Hospital of Dongguan), Guangdong, China
| | - Jinxi Xia
- Department of Cardiology, the Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Jinan University, the Fifth People's Hospital of Dongguan (also called Taiping People's Hospital of Dongguan), Guangdong, China
| | - Jianzhong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Jinan University, the Fifth People's Hospital of Dongguan (also called Taiping People's Hospital of Dongguan), Guangdong, China
| | - Ling Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, the Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Jinan University, the Fifth People's Hospital of Dongguan (also called Taiping People's Hospital of Dongguan), Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqiang Chen
- Medical College of Shantou University, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiaozhu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Jinan University, the Fifth People's Hospital of Dongguan (also called Taiping People's Hospital of Dongguan), Guangdong, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, the Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Jinan University, the Fifth People's Hospital of Dongguan (also called Taiping People's Hospital of Dongguan), Guangdong, China
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Liu J, Cheng Y, Lau JTF, Wu AMS, Tse VWS, Zhou S. The Majority of the Migrant Factory Workers of the Light Industry in Shenzhen, China May Be Physically Inactive. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131734. [PMID: 26244514 PMCID: PMC4526536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity is a strong risk factor of non-communicable diseases (NCD). In China, there are 250 million migrant factory workers, who are susceptible to physical inactivity and hence NCD because of work nature and setting. With random stratified sampling, 807 such workers of the light industry were recruited in Shenzhen, China and completed a self-administered questionnaire with informed consent. The prevalence of inadequate physical activity (defined according to the World Health Organization’s recommendation on level of moderate/vigorous physical activity) was 95.4%. Of all participants, 69.1% showed “a very low level of physical activity” (VLLPA), defined as ≤30 minutes of weekly moderate/vigorous physical activity, which was significantly associated with female sex (Odds ratio [OR]=1.65), lower education level (OR=0.10 to 0.33, primary education as the reference group) and married status (OR=0.63, single status as the reference group). Adjusted for these factors, perceived social support (Adjusted OR=0.87) was negatively associated with VLLPA, while job stress due to workload, which was significant in the univariate analysis (OR=0.98), became non-significant (p=0.184). Significant interaction between perceived social support and perceived job stress onto VLLPA was found (p=0.044), implying that the negative association between job stress and VLLPA, which might reflect a potential response to cope with stress by performing exercises, was stronger among those with weaker social support. The extremely low level of physical activity rings an alarm, as it implies high risk of NCD, and as there are no existing programs promoting physical activity in this group. Interventions need to take into account social support, potential coping to job stress, and structural factors of the factory setting, while involving factories’ management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Research Centre for Healthcare Management, School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- School of Sociology and Anthropology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Medical Anthropology and Behavioral Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Joseph T. F. Lau
- Division of Health Improvement, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Anise M. S. Wu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Vincent W. S. Tse
- Department of Educational Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shenglai Zhou
- Research Centre for Healthcare Management, School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Migration is a universal phenomenon, which existed with the subsistence of the human beings on earth. People migrate from one place to another for several reasons, but the goal or main reason behind changing the residence would be improving their living conditions or to escape from debts and poverty. Migration is also a social phenomenon which influences human life and the environment around. Hence, migration has a great impact on any geographical area and it is known as one of the three basic components of population growth of any particular region (the other two are, mortality and fertility). Migration involves certain phases to go through; hence, it is a process. Many times, lack of preparedness, difficulties in adjusting to the new environment, the complexity of the local system, language difficulties, cultural disparities and adverse experiences would cause distress to the migrants. Moreover subsequently it has a negative impact on mental well-being of such population. Due to globalization, modernization, improved technologies and developments in all the sectors, the migration and its impact on human well-being is a contemporary issue; hence, here is an attempt to understand the migration and its impact on the mental health of the migrants based on the studies conducted around.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Virupaksha
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Yang X. Rural-urban migration and mental and sexual health: a case study in Southwestern China. Health Psychol Behav Med 2013; 2:1-15. [PMID: 25932350 PMCID: PMC4367429 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2013.839384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Massive rural–urban temporary migration has taken place amid China's rapid economic growth and development. Much has been written about the economic causes and consequences of this massive migration; less studied are the potential health and behavioral impacts of migration on migrants. Using data from a population-based sample survey conducted in southwestern China, this paper examines the potential impact of rural–urban migration and post-migration urban living on migrants' mental health and sexual risk behavior. The results suggest that regardless of places of origin and destination temporary migrants had on average poorer mental health and riskier sexual behavior than non-migrants. Compared to living in rural areas, living in urban areas does not make statistical difference in residents' mental health; it is only marginally associated with riskier sexual behavior. Rural–urban temporary migrants' mental health and health risk sexual behavior deserve more immediate research attention. Both selectivity of temporary migrants and migration-induced psycho-socio-behavioral changes may have contributed to migrants' poorer mental health and riskier sexual behavior. However, more theory-driven research with longitudinal design is needed before firm conclusions can be drawn about the underlying mechanisms that mediate or moderate the impact of temporary migration on migrants' mental health and sexual risk behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiushi Yang
- Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice, Old Dominion University , Norfolk , VA , USA
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Prevalence of psychological symptoms in contemporary Chinese rural-to-urban migrant workers: an exploratory meta-analysis of observational studies using the SCL-90-R. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2013; 48:1569-81. [PMID: 23508367 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-013-0672-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE (1) To estimate the pooled prevalence of psychological symptoms in Chinese migrant workers (CMWs), as measured using the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R) in observational studies conducted in China, and (2) to explore the potential variables associated with the SCL-90-R Global Severity Index (GSI), the overall mental health indicator of CMWs. METHODS We performed a comprehensive literature search of the major English and Chinese databases (to June 2012). Cross-sectional surveys and case-control studies of CMWs (and controls where appropriate) that reported at least one subscale score of the SCL-90-R were included. Multilevel meta-analysis was used to pool the symptom scores of cross-sectional surveys and mean differences of symptom scores ("Cohen's d" values) between CMWs and controls of case-control studies. Multilevel meta-analysis with ecological- or study-level covariates was used to explore the associations between variables and SCL-90-R GSI score. RESULTS The search yielded 48 cross-sectional surveys (comprising 42,813 CMWs) and seven surveys that included control samples. The pooled psychological symptom scores (95% confidence interval) of CMWs were statistically higher than those of norms from Chinese general population on all scales of SCL-90-R, except for obsessive-compulsive subscale in study quality subgroup analysis. CMWs also scored statistically higher than those of urban counterpart controls on all scales of SCL-90-R. Multilevel regression meta-analysis model revealed that four covariates that accounted for 33.9% of SCL-90-R GSI heterogeneity across all surveys, including: "mean age of study sample," "geographic area," "per capita GDP," and "statutory minimum monthly wage" of study site in implementation year. CONCLUSION CMWs have more severe psychological symptoms than the general population, and thus, appear to experience higher level of psychological distress. Macro-economic factors may have impact on the overall mental health of CMWs, but the factors that contribute to mental health and mental distress among CMWs remain to be explored and understood.
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