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Sun M, Li N, Zhang W, Li A, Li Y. A double-negative feedback loop mediated by non-coding RNAs contributes to tooth morphogenesis. Cells Dev 2024; 179:203932. [PMID: 38852677 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2024.203932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Tooth morphogenesis is a critically ordered process manipulated by a range of signaling factors. Particularly, the involvement of fine-tuned signaling mediated by non-coding RNAs has been of longstanding interest. Here, we revealed a double-negative feedback loop acted by a long non-coding RNA (LOC102159588) and a microRNA (miR-133b) that modulated tooth morphogenesis of miniature swine. Mechanistically, miR-133b repressed the transcription of LOC102159588 through downstream target Sp1. Conversely, LOC102159588 not only inhibited the transport of pre-miR-133b from the nucleus to the cytoplasm by regulating exportin-5 but also served as a sponge in the cytoplasm, suppressing functional miR-133b. Together, the double-negative feedback loop maintained normal tooth morphogenesis by modulating endogenous apoptosis. Related disruptions would lead to an arrest of tooth development and may result in tooth malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Weixing Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Ang Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710000, China.
| | - Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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Ma J, Fan H, Geng H. Distinct and overlapping functions of YAP and TAZ in tooth development and periodontal homeostasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1281250. [PMID: 38259513 PMCID: PMC10800899 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1281250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) involves mechanical-biochemical signal transduction, which results in tissue remodeling of the tooth-periodontium complex and the movement of orthodontic teeth. The dynamic regulation of osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis serves as the biological basis for remodeling of the periodontium, and more importantly, the prerequisite for establishing periodontal homeostasis. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are key effectors of the Hippo signaling pathway, which actively respond to mechanical stimuli during tooth movement. Specifically, they participate in translating mechanical into biochemical signals, thereby regulating periodontal homeostasis, periodontal remodeling, and tooth development. YAP and TAZ have widely been considered as key factors to prevent dental dysplasia, accelerate orthodontic tooth movement, and shorten treatment time. In this review, we summarize the functions of YAP and TAZ in regulating tooth development and periodontal remodeling, with the aim to gain a better understanding of their mechanisms of action and provide insights into maintaining proper tooth development and establishing a healthy periodontal and alveolar bone environment. Our findings offer novel perspectives and directions for targeted clinical treatments. Moreover, considering the similarities and differences in the development, structure, and physiology between YAP and TAZ, these molecules may exhibit functional variations in specific regulatory processes. Hence, we pay special attention to their distinct roles in specific regulatory functions to gain a comprehensive and profound understanding of their contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Department of Oral Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Haixia Fan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Haixia Geng
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
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3
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Pattnaik B, Mohanty S, Das SN, Rath R, Bhatta A, Mishra S. Immunohistochemical evaluation of yes-associated protein molecule in the odontogenic epithelium of different histopathological variants of ameloblastoma and unicystic ameloblastoma. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2024; 28:49-55. [PMID: 38800449 PMCID: PMC11126258 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_215_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ameloblastoma is one of the major odontogenic neoplasms with an invasive and recurrence potential. Its tumourigenesis and proliferative capacity can be attributed to the activation or inactivation of certain molecular signalling pathways. Hippo signalling pathway is known to regulate diverse physiological processes related to mitosis and organ growth and is an emerging tumour suppressor pathway, the dysfunction of which is implicated in various diseases including cancers. Yes-associated protein1 (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are the downstream effectors in the Hippo cascade, which on nuclear activation leads to cellular proliferation in various tumours. Aim The current study was undertaken to evaluate the expression of YAP in various histopathological variants of ameloblastoma and unicystic ameloblastoma. Materials and Methods Fifty formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples of histopathologically diagnosed cases of ameloblastoma, and 10 histopathologically diagnosed cases of unicystic ameloblastoma were obtained from the departmental archives to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of YAP both manually and by software analysis. Results More than 90% of cases of conventional ameloblastoma and unicystic ameloblastoma elicited positive expression of YAP. No statistical difference was found among different histopathological variants of conventional ameloblastoma. Significant difference between the means of all four quantitative score groups was observed. Conclusion In view of the modulating effect of YAP in tumourigenesis and its higher expression in ameloblastoma, further exploration of this molecule appears to be a promising area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodhiswata Pattnaik
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, SCB Government Dental College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Sweta Mohanty
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan, Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Surya Narayan Das
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, SCB Government Dental College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Rachna Rath
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, SCB Government Dental College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Archana Bhatta
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, SCB Government Dental College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Sourav Mishra
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, SCB Government Dental College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India
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Yang S, Huang F, Zhang F, Sheng X, Fan W, Dissanayaka WL. Emerging Roles of YAP/TAZ in Tooth and Surrounding: from Development to Regeneration. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023:10.1007/s12015-023-10551-z. [PMID: 37178226 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10551-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Yes associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are ubiquitous transcriptional co-activators that control organ development, homeostasis, and tissue regeneration. Current in vivo evidence suggests that YAP/TAZ regulates enamel knot formation during murine tooth development, and is indispensable for dental progenitor cell renewal to support constant incisor growth. Being a critical sensor for cellular mechano-transduction, YAP/TAZ lays at the center of the complex molecular network that integrates mechanical cues from the dental pulp chamber and surrounding periodontal tissue into biochemical signals, dictating in vitro cell proliferation, differentiation, stemness maintenance, and migration of dental stem cells. Moreover, YAP/TAZ-mediated cell-microenvironment interactions also display essential regulatory roles during biomaterial-guided dental tissue repair and engineering in some animal models. Here, we review recent advances in YAP/TAZ functions in tooth development, dental pulp, and periodontal physiology, as well as dental tissue regeneration. We also highlight several promising strategies that harness YAP/TAZ activation for promoting dental tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyan Yang
- Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuping Zhang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Sheng
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Waruna Lakmal Dissanayaka
- Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Wang T, Li K, Liu H, Luo E. Focusing on Hippo Pathway in Stem Cells of Oral Origin, Enamel Formation and Periodontium Regeneration. Organogenesis 2022; 18:2082236. [PMID: 35786361 PMCID: PMC9897286 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2022.2082236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippo pathway is a cellular regulatory pathway composed of core molecules such as MST1/2, LATS1/2, SAV1, MOB1A/B and downstream YAP/TAZ. Fully involved in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis, the Hippo pathway is critical in regulating stem cells of oral origin, for instance, DPSCs and PDLSCs, enamel formation and periodontium regeneration. Here, we summarized the Hippo pathway involved in these progresses and concluded crosstalks of the Hippo pathway with BCL-2, ERK1/2, ROCK, TGF-β/BMP and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, hoping to provide foundation for further clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kehan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanghang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - En Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,CONTACT En Luo State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan610041, China
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Intermittent compressive force regulates human periodontal ligament cell behavior via yes-associated protein. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10845. [PMID: 36247165 PMCID: PMC9561743 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent compressive force influences human periodontal ligament (PDL) cell behavior that facilitates periodontal tissue regeneration. In response to mechanical stimuli, Yes-associated protein (YAP) has been recognized as a mechanosensitive transcriptional activator that regulates cell proliferation and cell fate decisions. This study aimed to investigate whether compressive forces influence cell proliferation and cell fate decisions of human PDL cells via YAP signaling. YAP expression was silenced by shRNA. The effect of YAP on cell proliferation, adipogenesis and osteogenesis of PDL cells under ICF loading were determined. Adipogenic differentiation bias upon ICF loading was confirmed by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results revealed that ICF-induced YAP promotes osteogenesis, but it inhibits adipogenesis in PDL cells. Depletion of YAP results in PDL cells that are irresponsive to ICF and, therefore, the failure of the PDL cells to undergo osteogenic differentiation. This was shown by a significant reduction in calcium deposited in the CF-derived osteoblasts of the YAP-knockdown (YAP-KD) PDL cells. As to control treatment, reduction of YAP promoted adipogenesis, whereas ICF-induced YAP inhibited this mechanism. However, the adipocyte differentiation in YAP-KD cells was not affected upon ICF treatment as the YAP-KD cells still exhibited a better adipogenic differentiation that was unrelated to the ICF. This study demonstrated that, in response to ICF treatment, YAP could be a crucial mechanosensitive transcriptional activator for the regulation of PDL cell behavior through a mechanobiological process. Our results may provide the possibility of facilitating PDL tissue regeneration by manipulation of the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway. YAP plays role as a mechanosensitive transcriptional activator of human PDL cells in response to ICF. ICF activates YAP and its target genes to promote cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human PDL cells. Loss of YAP enhances adipogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells.
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7
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Nagano R, Fujii S, Hasegawa K, Maeda H, Kiyoshima T. Wnt signaling promotes tooth germ development through YAP1-TGF-β signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 630:64-70. [PMID: 36150241 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tooth germ development involves continuous and sequential steps with reciprocal interactions between odontogenic epithelium and the adjacent mesenchyme. Several growth factors, including Wnt, are essential for tooth germ development. Molecular mechanisms underlying Wnt/β-catenin-regulated tooth germ development are poorly understood. In tooth germ rudiments culture, we recently demonstrated that Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), an axonal guidance factor, stimulation reversed Wnt/β-catenin signaling-dependent decreased cell proliferation but did not completely rescue the morphological anomalies of tooth germ, suggesting that an uncharacterized signaling pathway may be essential in Wnt/β-catenin signaling-dependent tooth germ development. Herein, an enrichment analysis using DNA microarray data, which was obtained in our previous research, revealed that Wnt/β-catenin signaling negatively regulates YAP1 and/or TGF-β signalings. In odontogenic epithelial cells and tooth germ rudiments, Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation reduced YAP1 expression, thereby suppressing YAP1 and TGF-β signalings sequentially. Additionally, YAP1 signaling induced TGF-β2 expression to promote TGF-β signaling in the cells. Finally, Wnt/β-catenin signaling-dependent disorganized tooth germ development, in which YAP1 signaling was suppressed, was reversed by TGF-β stimulation. These results suggest that Wnt/β-catenin signaling contributes to the tooth germ development through YAP1-TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Nagano
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Fujii
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Dento-craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Kana Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Maeda
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kiyoshima
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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8
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The synergistic effects of TGF-β1 and RUNX2 on enamel mineralization through regulating ODAPH expression during the maturation stage. J Mol Histol 2022; 53:483-492. [PMID: 35165792 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-022-10060-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) are critical factors promoting enamel development and maturation. Our previous studies reported that absence of TGF-β1 or RUNX2 resulted in abnormal secretion and absorption of enamel matrix proteins. However, the mechanism remained enigmatic. In this study, TGF-β1-/-Runx2-/- and TGF-β1+/-Runx2+/- mice were successfully generated to clarify the relationship between TGF-β1 and RUNX2 during amelogenesis. Lower mineralization was observed in TGF-β1-/-Runx2-/- and TGF-β1+/-Runx2+/- mice than single gene deficient mice. Micro-computed tomography (μCT) revealed a lower ratio of enamel to dentin density in TGF-β1-/-Runx2-/- mice. Although μCT elucidated a relatively constant enamel thickness, variation was identified by scanning electron microscopy, which revealed that TGF-β1-/-Runx2-/- mice were more vulnerable to acid etching with lower degree of enamel mineralization. Furthermore, the double gene knock-out mice exhibited more serious enamel dysplasia than the single gene deficient mice. Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed abnormalities in ameloblast morphology and arrangement in TGF-β1-/-Runx2-/- mice, which was accompanied by the absence of atypical basal lamina (BL) and the ectopic of enamel matrix. Odontogenesis-associated phosphoprotein (ODAPH) has been identified as a component of an atypical BL. The protein and mRNA expression of ODAPH were down-regulated. In summary, TGF-β1 and RUNX2 might synergistically regulate enamel mineralization through the downstream target gene Odaph. However, the specific mechanism by which TGF-β1 and RUNX2 promote mineralization remains to be further studied.
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Lin C, Ruan N, Li L, Chen Y, Hu X, Chen Y, Hu X, Zhang Y. FGF8-mediated signaling regulates tooth developmental pace during odontogenesis. J Genet Genomics 2021; 49:40-53. [PMID: 34500094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The developing human and mouse teeth constitute an ideal model system to study the regulatory mechanism underlying organ growth control since their teeth share highly conserved and well-characterized developmental processes and their developmental tempo varies notably. In the current study, we manipulated heterogenous recombination between human and mouse dental tissues and demonstrate that the dental mesenchyme dominates the tooth developmental tempo and FGF8 could be a critical player during this developmental process. Forced activation of FGF8 signaling in the dental mesenchyme of mice promoted cell proliferation, prevented cell apoptosis via p38 and perhaps PI3K-Akt intracellular signaling, and impelled the transition of the cell cycle from G1- to S-phase in the tooth germ, resulting in the slowdown of the tooth developmental pace. Our results provide compelling evidence that extrinsic signals can profoundly affect tooth developmental tempo and the dental mesenchymal FGF8 could be a pivotal factor in controlling the developmental pace in a non-cell-autonomous manner during mammalian odontogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chensheng Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P.R. China
| | - Ningsheng Ruan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P.R. China
| | - Linjun Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P.R. China
| | - Yibin Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Hu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P.R. China
| | - YiPing Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Xuefeng Hu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P.R. China.
| | - Yanding Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, P.R. China.
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Niki Y, Kobayashi Y, Moriyama K. Expression pattern of transcriptional enhanced associate domain family member 1 (Tead1) in developing mouse molar tooth. Gene Expr Patterns 2021; 40:119182. [PMID: 33984529 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2021.119182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is essential for determining organ size by regulating cell proliferation. Previous reports have shown that impairing this pathway causes abnormal tooth development. However, the precise expression profile of the members of the transcriptional enhanced associate domain family (Tead), which are key transcription factors mediating Yap function, during tooth development is unclear. In this study, among the four isoforms of Tead (Tead1 - 4), only the expression of Tead1 mRNA was observed using semiquantitative RT- PCR in murine developing tooth germ at E16.5. The expression level of Tead1 mRNA in the excised murine mandibular molar tooth germ was significantly higher at E16.5 than at other developmental stages, as determined using quantitative PCR. We found that the mRNA expression of connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf), which is one of the Yap target genes directly controlling cell growth, changed consistently with that of Tead1 in developing molars. Fluorescent immunostaining revealed that Tead1 protein was expressed in both epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells of the dental lamina and dental epithelium, including the primary enamel knot during the cap stage. During the early bell stage (E16.5), Tead1 was expressed intensely in the inner and outer enamel epithelium, including the secondary enamel knot and the neighboring mesenchymal cells. Tead1 then specifically localized to the inner and outer enamel epithelium, which is responsible for enamel formation during the bell stage. These expression patterns were consistent with those of Yap, Taz, and Ctgf protein in developing molars. These results suggest that Tead1 acts as a mediator of the biological functions of Yap, such as the morphogenesis of cusp formation, during tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Niki
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Division of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yukiho Kobayashi
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Division of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Keiji Moriyama
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Division of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
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11
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Sadier A, Santana SE, Sears KE. The role of core and variable Gene Regulatory Network modules in tooth development and evolution. Integr Comp Biol 2020; 63:icaa116. [PMID: 32761089 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icaa116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the developmental processes that have been proposed to influence the direction of evolution, the modular organization of developmental gene regulatory networks (GRNs) has shown particular promise. In theory, GRNs have core modules comprised of essential, conserved circuits of genes, and sub-modules of downstream, secondary circuits of genes that are more susceptible to variation. While this idea has received considerable interest as of late, the field of evo-devo lacks the experimental systems needed to rigorously evaluate this hypothesis. Here, we introduce an experimental system, the vertebrate tooth, that has great potential as a model for testing this hypothesis. Tooth development and its associated GRN have been well studied and modeled in both model and non-model organisms. We propose that the existence of modules within the tooth GRN explains both the conservation of developmental mechanisms and the extraordinary diversity of teeth among vertebrates. Based on experimental data, we hypothesize that there is a conserved core module of genes that is absolutely necessary to ensure tooth or cusp initiation and development. In regard to tooth shape variation between species, we suggest that more relaxed sub-modules activated at later steps of tooth development, e.g., during the morphogenesis of the tooth and its cusps, control the different axes of tooth morphological variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Sadier
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sharlene E Santana
- Department of Biology and Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Karen E Sears
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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12
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Sun Z, da Fontoura CSG, Moreno M, Holton NE, Sweat M, Sweat Y, Lee MK, Arbon J, Bidlack FB, Thedens DR, Nopoulos P, Cao H, Eliason S, Weinberg SM, Martin JF, Moreno-Uribe L, Amendt BA. FoxO6 regulates Hippo signaling and growth of the craniofacial complex. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007675. [PMID: 30286078 PMCID: PMC6197693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that regulate post-natal growth of the craniofacial complex and that ultimately determine the size and shape of our faces are not well understood. Hippo signaling is a general mechanism to control tissue growth and organ size, and although it is known that Hippo signaling functions in neural crest specification and patterning during embryogenesis and before birth, its specific role in postnatal craniofacial growth remains elusive. We have identified the transcription factor FoxO6 as an activator of Hippo signaling regulating neonatal growth of the face. During late stages of mouse development, FoxO6 is expressed specifically in craniofacial tissues and FoxO6-/- mice undergo expansion of the face, frontal cortex, olfactory component and skull. Enlargement of the mandible and maxilla and lengthening of the incisors in FoxO6-/- mice are associated with increases in cell proliferation. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that FoxO6 activates Lats1 expression, thereby increasing Yap phosphorylation and activation of Hippo signaling. FoxO6-/- mice have significantly reduced Hippo Signaling caused by a decrease in Lats1 expression and decreases in Shh and Runx2 expression, suggesting that Shh and Runx2 are also linked to Hippo signaling. In vitro, FoxO6 activates Hippo reporter constructs and regulates cell proliferation. Furthermore PITX2, a regulator of Hippo signaling is associated with Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome causing a flattened midface and we show that PITX2 activates FoxO6 expression. Craniofacial specific expression of FoxO6 postnatally regulates Hippo signaling and cell proliferation. Together, these results identify a FoxO6-Hippo regulatory pathway that controls skull growth, odontogenesis and face morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Clarissa S. G. da Fontoura
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Myriam Moreno
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Nathan E. Holton
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Mason Sweat
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Yan Sweat
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Myoung Keun Lee
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, United States of America
| | - Jed Arbon
- Private practice, Cary, North Carolina United States of America
| | | | - Daniel R. Thedens
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Peggy Nopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Huojun Cao
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Steven Eliason
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Seth M. Weinberg
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, United States of America
| | - James F. Martin
- Department of Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Lina Moreno-Uribe
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Brad A. Amendt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
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13
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Xiang L, Yu H, Zhang X, Wang B, Yuan Y, Zhang Q, Ye R, Gong P, Wu Y. The versatile hippo pathway in oral-maxillofacial development and bone remodeling. Dev Biol 2018; 440:53-63. [PMID: 29792855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is implicated in key aspects of cell proliferation, control of organ size, stem cell functions and tumor suppression. Its functions are primarily mediated either through direct effects on transcription factors to influence target gene expression or through crosstalk with other signaling pathways that regulate multiple physiological activities. Studies are revealing Hippo pathway involvement in diverse functions including renewal of intestinal epithelium, promotion of myocardial cell proliferation, cancer suppression, etc. In this review we discuss Hippo pathway signaling in oral-maxillofacial development and bone remodeling under normal and pathological conditions and highlight promising future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases&National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases&National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases&National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases&National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases&National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases&National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases&National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases&National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yingying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases&National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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14
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Fu V, Plouffe SW, Guan KL. The Hippo pathway in organ development, homeostasis, and regeneration. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 49:99-107. [PMID: 29316535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is a universal governor of organ size, tissue homeostasis, and regeneration. A growing body of work has advanced our understanding of Hippo pathway regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and spatial patterning not only in organ development but also upon injury-induced regeneration. The pathway's central role in stem cell biology thus implicates its potential for therapeutic manipulation in mammalian organ regeneration. In this review, we survey recent literature linking the Hippo pathway to the development, homeostasis, and regeneration of various organs, including Hippo-independent roles for YAP, defined here as YAP functions that are not regulated by the Hippo pathway kinases LATS1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Steven W Plouffe
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
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15
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Chen L, Pan H, Zhang YH, Feng K, Kong X, Huang T, Cai YD. Network-Based Method for Identifying Co- Regeneration Genes in Bone, Dentin, Nerve and Vessel Tissues. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8100252. [PMID: 28974058 PMCID: PMC5664102 DOI: 10.3390/genes8100252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone and dental diseases are serious public health problems. Most current clinical treatments for these diseases can produce side effects. Regeneration is a promising therapy for bone and dental diseases, yielding natural tissue recovery with few side effects. Because soft tissues inside the bone and dentin are densely populated with nerves and vessels, the study of bone and dentin regeneration should also consider the co-regeneration of nerves and vessels. In this study, a network-based method to identify co-regeneration genes for bone, dentin, nerve and vessel was constructed based on an extensive network of protein–protein interactions. Three procedures were applied in the network-based method. The first procedure, searching, sought the shortest paths connecting regeneration genes of one tissue type with regeneration genes of other tissues, thereby extracting possible co-regeneration genes. The second procedure, testing, employed a permutation test to evaluate whether possible genes were false discoveries; these genes were excluded by the testing procedure. The last procedure, screening, employed two rules, the betweenness ratio rule and interaction score rule, to select the most essential genes. A total of seventeen genes were inferred by the method, which were deemed to contribute to co-regeneration of at least two tissues. All these seventeen genes were extensively discussed to validate the utility of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Hongying Pan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Yu-Hang Zhang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Kaiyan Feng
- Department of Computer Science, Guangdong AIB Polytechnic, Guangzhou 510507, Guangdong, China.
| | - XiangYin Kong
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Tao Huang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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16
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Wang J, Martin JF. Hippo Pathway: An Emerging Regulator of Craniofacial and Dental Development. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1229-1237. [PMID: 28700256 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517719886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved Hippo signaling pathway is a vital regulator of organ size that fine-tunes cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. A number of important studies have revealed critical roles of Hippo signaling and its effectors Yap (Yes-associated protein) and Taz (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ binding motif) in tissue development, homeostasis, and regeneration, as well as in tumorigenesis. In addition, recent studies have shown evidence of crosstalk between the Hippo pathway and other key signaling pathways, such as Wnt signaling, that not only regulates developmental processes but also contributes to disease pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the major discoveries in the field of Hippo signaling and what has been learned about its regulation and crosstalk with other signaling pathways, with a particular focus on recent findings involving the Hippo-Yap pathway in craniofacial and tooth development. New and exciting studies of the Hippo pathway are anticipated that will significantly improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of human craniofacial and tooth development and disease and will ultimately lead to the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- 1 Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J F Martin
- 1 Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,2 Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
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17
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Expression of YAP/TAZ in Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumors and Its Possible Association with Proliferative Behavior. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4624890. [PMID: 28512636 PMCID: PMC5420425 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4624890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to clarify whether YAP/TAZ is involved in the pathogenesis and proliferative growth of keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT). The expression levels of YAP/TAZ and downstream proteins and genes in normal oral mucosa (OM) and KCOT were determined and compared by immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative PCR. The results showed that the expression of YAP/TAZ and downstream proteins (Cyr61, CTGF) was significantly upregulated in KCOT with upregulation of Ki-67 compared to OM. Importantly, the mRNA levels of transcription factors (TEAD1, TEAD4, and RUNX2) and cell cycle related genes (CDK2, PCNA), which interact with the transcriptional coactivators YAP/TAZ, are also upregulated in the KCOT. In addition, the results from Spearman rank correlation test revealed the close relationship between YAP/TAZ and Ki-67, which was further evidenced by double-labelling immunofluorescence that revealed a synchronous distribution for YAP/TAZ with Ki-67 in KCOT samples. All the data suggested YAP/TAZ might be involved in the proliferative behavior of KCOT.
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18
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Zhang B, Sun BY, Ji YW, Zhang YP, Wang XX, Xu X, Wen Y. Expression and localization of Yap and Taz during development of the mandibular first molar in rats. Biotech Histochem 2017; 92:212-221. [PMID: 28402144 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2016.1267799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (Yap) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (Taz) are two downstream factors in the Hippo signaling pathway. Yap and Taz participate in regulating organ size, stem cell self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation. We investigated the spatial-temporal expression and relative expression levels of Yap and Taz using immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction. We found Yap and Taz in the oral epithelium and mesenchyme at embryonic (E) day 14.5 (E14.5) and E16.5. By E18.5, Yap and Taz were detected in the dental papilla and the entire enamel organ. At postnatal (P) day 0 (PN0), PN3 and PN7, Yap and Taz expression was localized in ameloblasts, odontoblasts and stratum intermedium. Yap and Taz were expressed in Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) at PN7. At PN3, PN7 and PN14, Yap was detected in the enamel matrix. From PN21 to PN28, Yap and Taz were absent from differentiated ameloblasts, but they were expressed in odontoblasts. From PN0 to PN10, the Yap and Taz mRNA expression increased, then decreased. We found that Yap and Taz may influence the differentiation of ameloblasts and odontoblasts; they also may contribute to enamel mineralization, crown morphogenesis and root formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zhang
- a School of Stomatology, Shandong University, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue, Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - B Y Sun
- a School of Stomatology, Shandong University, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue, Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Y W Ji
- a School of Stomatology, Shandong University, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue, Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Y P Zhang
- a School of Stomatology, Shandong University, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue, Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - X X Wang
- a School of Stomatology, Shandong University, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue, Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - X Xu
- a School of Stomatology, Shandong University, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue, Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Y Wen
- a School of Stomatology, Shandong University, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue, Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China
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19
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Wen Y, Ji Y, Zhang Y, Jiang B, Tang C, Wang Q, Chen X, Jia L, Gu W, Xu X. Knockdown of Yes-Associated Protein Induces the Apoptosis While Inhibits the Proliferation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells through Crosstalk between Erk and Bcl-2 Signaling Pathways. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:1231-1240. [PMID: 29104479 PMCID: PMC5666556 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.20504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to provide an insight into the biological effects of knockdown Yes-associated protein (YAP) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human periodontal ligament stem cells (h-PDLSCs). Methods: Immunofluorescence and Western blot were used to evaluate Hippo-YAP signaling expression level. Enhanced green fluorescence protein lentiviral vector was constructed to down-regulate YAP in h-PDLSCs. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were used to detect the interfering efficiency of YAP expression. The proliferation activity was detected by EdU staining. Analysis of apoptosis in h-PDLSCs was done through Annexin V-APC staining, while cell cycle analysis was detected by flow cytometry. Cellular senescence was analyzed by β-galactosidase activity detection. The expression of elements in signaling pathways related with proliferation and apoptosis was detected by Western blot. Results: YAP was located in nucleus and cytoplasm. After the lentivirus transfection, the expression of YAP mRNA and protein was significantly reduced (P<0.001). When YAP was knocked down, the proliferation activity of h-PDLSCs was inhibited; the early & late apoptosis rates increased; the proportion of cells in G1 phases increased (P<0.05), while that in G2 and S phase decreased (P<0.05); cellular senescence was accelerated (P<0.01); ERK and its target proteins P-P90RSK and P-MEK were reduced while Bcl-2 family members increased. Conclusion: Knockdown of YAP inhibits the proliferation activity and induces apoptosis of h-PDLSCs with the involvement of Hippo pathway and has a crosstalk between Erk and Bcl-2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wen
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong provincial key laboratory of oral tissue regeneration , Jinan, China
| | - Yawen Ji
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong provincial key laboratory of oral tissue regeneration , Jinan, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong provincial key laboratory of oral tissue regeneration , Jinan, China
| | - Baoqi Jiang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong provincial key laboratory of oral tissue regeneration , Jinan, China
| | - Cuizhu Tang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong provincial key laboratory of oral tissue regeneration , Jinan, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong provincial key laboratory of oral tissue regeneration , Jinan, China
| | - Xiyan Chen
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong provincial key laboratory of oral tissue regeneration , Jinan, China
| | - Linglu Jia
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong provincial key laboratory of oral tissue regeneration , Jinan, China
| | - Weiting Gu
- Qilu hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong provincial key laboratory of oral tissue regeneration , Jinan, China
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20
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Tamura M, Nemoto E. Role of the Wnt signaling molecules in the tooth. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2016; 52:75-83. [PMID: 28408959 PMCID: PMC5390339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays a central role in many processes during embryonic development and adult homeostasis. At least 19 types of Wnt ligands, receptors, transducers, transcription factors, and antagonists have been identified in mammals. Two distinct Wnt signaling pathways, the canonical signaling pathway and the noncanonical signaling pathway, have been described. Some Wnt signaling pathway components are expressed in the dental epithelium and mesenchyme during tooth development in humans and mice. Functional studies and experimental analysis of relevant animal models confirm the effects of Wnt signaling pathway on the regulation of developing tooth formation and adult tooth homeostasis. Mutations in some Wnt signaling pathway components have been identified in syndromic and non-syndromic tooth agenesis. This review provides an overview of progress in elucidating the role of Wnt signaling pathway components in the tooth and the resulting possibilities for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Tamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13, W7, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Eiji Nemoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba, Sendai, Japan
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21
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Papp T, Polyak A, Papp K, Meszar Z, Zakany R, Meszar-Katona E, Tünde PT, Ham CH, Felszeghy S. Modification of tooth development by heat shock protein 60. Int J Oral Sci 2016; 8:24-31. [PMID: 27025262 PMCID: PMC4822183 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2015.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several heat shock proteins have been investigated in relation to tooth development, no available information is available about the spatial and temporal expression pattern of heat shock protein 60 (Hsp 60). To characterize Hsp 60 expression in the structures of the developing tooth germ, we used Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Hsp 60 was present in high amounts in the inner and outer enamel epithelia, enamel knot (EK) and stratum intermedium (SI). Hsp 60 also appeared in odontoblasts beginning in the bell stage. To obtain data on the possible effect of Hsp 60 on isolated lower incisors from mice, we performed in vitro culturing. To investigate the effect of exogenous Hsp 60 on the cell cycle during culturing, we used the 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation test on dental cells. Exogenously administered Hsp 60 caused bluntness at the apical part of the 16.5-day-old tooth germs, but it did not influence the proliferation rate of dental cells. We identified the expression of Hsp 60 in the developing tooth germ, which was present in high concentrations in the inner and outer enamel epithelia, EK, SI and odontoblasts. High concentration of exogenous Hsp 60 can cause abnormal morphology of the tooth germ, but it did not influence the proliferation rate of the dental cells. Our results suggest that increased levels of Hsp 60 may cause abnormalities in the morphological development of the tooth germ and support the data on the significance of Hsp during the developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Papp
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Angela Polyak
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Papp
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Meszar
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Roza Zakany
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eva Meszar-Katona
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Palne Terdik Tünde
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Chang Hwa Ham
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Scoliosis Research Institute, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Szabolcs Felszeghy
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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22
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Papp T, Hollo K, Meszar-Katona E, Nagy Z, Polyak A, Miko E, Bai P, Felszeghy S. TLR signalling can modify the mineralization of tooth germ. Acta Odontol Scand 2016; 74:307-14. [PMID: 26763602 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2015.1130853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this work is to investigate the possible role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) during the development of mouse tooth germ. TLR4 is well known to inhibit mineralization and cause inflammation in mature odontoblasts and dental pulp cells. However, unlike these pathological functions of TLR4, little is known about the developmental function(s) of TLR4 during tooth development. MATERIALS AND METHODS TLR4 expression was studied via Western blot in developing lower mouse incisors from E13.5 to E18.5. To generate functional data about the effects of TLR4, a specific agonist (LPS) was applied to the medium of in vitro tooth germ cultures, followed by Western blot, histochemical staining, ELISA assay, in situ hybridization and RT-qPCR. RESULTS Increased accumulation of biotin-labelled LPS was detected in the enamel organ and in preodontoblasts. LPS treatment induced degradation of the inhibitor molecule (IκB) of the NF-κB signalling pathway. However, no morphological alterations were detected in cultured tissue after LPS addition at the applied dosage. Activation of TLR4 inhibited the mineralization of enamel and dentin, as demonstrated by alizarin red staining and as decreased levels of collagen type X. mRNA expression of ameloblastin was elevated after LPS administration. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that TLR4 may decrease the mineralization of hard tissues of the tooth germ and may trigger the maturation of ameloblasts; it can give valuable information to understand better congenital tooth abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Papp
- a Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology; Faculty of Medicine , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Krisztina Hollo
- a Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology; Faculty of Medicine , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Eva Meszar-Katona
- a Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology; Faculty of Medicine , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Zoltan Nagy
- a Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology; Faculty of Medicine , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Angela Polyak
- a Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology; Faculty of Medicine , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Edit Miko
- b Department of Medical Chemistry , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
- c MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism Research Group , Debrecen , Hungary
- d Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Peter Bai
- b Department of Medical Chemistry , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
- c MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism Research Group , Debrecen , Hungary
- d Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Felszeghy
- a Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology; Faculty of Medicine , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
- e Department of Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
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23
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Kwon HJE, Li L, Jung HS. Hippo pathway/Yap regulates primary enamel knot and dental cusp patterning in tooth morphogenesis. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 362:447-51. [PMID: 26318014 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The shape of an individual tooth crown is primarily determined by the number and arrangement of its cusps, i.e., cusp patterning. Enamel knots that appear in the enamel organ during tooth morphogenesis have been suggested to play important roles in cusp patterning. Animal model studies have shown that the Hippo pathway effector Yap has a critical function in tooth morphogenesis. However, the role of the Hippo pathway/Yap in cusp patterning has not been well documented and its specific roles in tooth morphogenesis remain unclear. Here, we provide evidence that Yap is a key mediator in tooth cusp patterning. We demonstrate a correlation between Yap localization and cell proliferation in developing tooth germs. We also show that, between the cap stage and bell stage, Yap is crucial for the suppression of the primary enamel knot and for the patterning of secondary enamel knots, which are the future cusp regions. When Yap expression is stage-specifically knocked down during the cap stage, the activity of the primary enamel knot persists into the bell-stage tooth germ, leading to ectopic cusp formation. Our data reveal the importance of the Hippo pathway/Yap in enamel knots and in the proper patterning of tooth cusps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk-Jae Edward Kwon
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS project, Oral Science Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei Center of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Liwen Li
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS project, Oral Science Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei Center of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS project, Oral Science Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei Center of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea.
- Oral Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Liu M, Wang XP. Transcriptomic profiling comparison of YAP over-expression and conditional knockout mouse tooth germs. GENOMICS DATA 2015; 5:228-30. [PMID: 26484260 PMCID: PMC4583647 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2015.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To identify the downstream target genes of YAP, we used RNA-Seq technology to compare the transcriptomic profilings of Yap conditional knockout (Yap CKO) and YAP over-expression mouse tooth germs. Our results showed that some Hox, Wnt and Laminin family genes had concurrent changes with YAP transcripts, indicating that the expression of these genes may be regulated by YAP. Here, we provide the detailed experimental procedure for the transcriptomic profiling results (NCBI GEO accession number GSE65524). The associated study on the regulation of Hoxa1 and Hoxc13 genes by YAP was published in Molecular Cellular Biology in 2015 [Liu et al., 2015].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiu-Ping Wang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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25
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Li CH, Li CZ. The role of Hippo signaling in tooth development. J Formos Med Assoc 2015; 115:295-7. [PMID: 25890496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hui Li
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chang-Zhao Li
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Disease Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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26
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YAP regulates the expression of Hoxa1 and Hoxc13 in mouse and human oral and skin epithelial tissues. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:1449-61. [PMID: 25691658 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00765-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a Hippo signaling transcriptional coactivator that plays pivotal roles in stem cell proliferation, organ size control, and tumor development. The downstream targets of YAP have been shown to be highly context dependent. In this study, we used the embryonic mouse tooth germ as a tool to search for the downstream targets of YAP in ectoderm-derived tissues. Yap deficiency in the dental epithelium resulted in a small tooth germ with reduced epithelial cell proliferation. We compared the gene expression profiles of embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5) Yap conditional knockout and YAP transgenic mouse tooth germs using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) and further confirmed the differentially expressed genes using real-time PCR and in situ hybridization. We found that YAP regulates the expression of Hoxa1 and Hoxc13 in oral and dental epithelial tissues as well as in the epidermis of skin during embryonic and adult stages. Sphere formation assay suggested that Hoxa1 and Hoxc13 are functionally involved in YAP-regulated epithelial progenitor cell proliferation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay implies that YAP may regulate Hoxa1 and Hoxc13 expression through TEAD transcription factors. These results provide mechanistic insights into abnormal YAP activities in mice and humans.
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27
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Sandor B, Fintor K, Felszeghy S, Juhasz T, Reglodi D, Mark L, Kiss P, Jungling A, Fulop BD, Nagy AD, Hashimoto H, Zakany R, Nagy A, Tamas A. Structural and morphometric comparison of the molar teeth in pre-eruptive developmental stage of PACAP-deficient and wild-type mice. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 54:331-41. [PMID: 25112419 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0392-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a pleiotropic neuropeptide with widespread distribution. It plays pivotal role in neuronal development. PACAP-immunoreactive fibers have been found in the tooth pulp, and recently, it has been shown that PACAP may also play a role in the regeneration of the periodontium after luxation injuries. However, there is no data about the effect of endogenous PACAP on tooth development. Ectodermal organogenesis including tooth development is regulated by different members of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), hedgehog (HH), and Wnt families. There is also a growing evidence to support the hypothesis that PACAP interacts with sonic hedgehog (SHH) receptor (PTCH1) and its downstream target (Gli1) suggesting its role in tooth development. Therefore, our aim was to study molar tooth development in mice lacking endogenous PACAP. In this study morphometric, immunohistochemical and structural comparison of molar teeth in pre-eruptive developmental stage was performed on histological sections of 7-day-old wild-type and PACAP-deficient mice. Further structural analysis was carried out with Raman microscope. The morphometric comparison of the 7-day-old samples revealed that the dentin was significantly thinner in the molars of PACAP-deficient mice compared to wild-type animals. Raman spectra of the enamel in wild-type mice demonstrated higher diversity in secondary structure of enamel proteins. In the dentin of PACAP-deficient mice higher intracrystalline disordering in the hydroxyapatite molecular structure was found. We also obtained altered SHH, PTCH1 and Gli1 expression level in secretory ameloblasts of PACAP-deficient mice compared to wild-type littermates suggesting that PACAP might play an important role in molar tooth development and matrix mineralization involving influence on SHH signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sandor
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
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