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Lim JJ, Goedken M, Jin Y, Gu H, Cui JY. Single-cell transcriptomics unveiled that early life BDE-99 exposure reprogrammed the gut-liver axis to promote a proinflammatory metabolic signature in male mice at late adulthood. Toxicol Sci 2024; 200:114-136. [PMID: 38648751 PMCID: PMC11199921 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are legacy flame retardants that bioaccumulate in the environment. The gut microbiome is an important regulator of liver functions including xenobiotic biotransformation and immune regulation. We recently showed that neonatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ether-99 (BDE-99), a human breast milk-enriched PBDE congener, up-regulated proinflammation-related and down-regulated drug metabolism-related genes predominantly in males in young adulthood. However, the persistence of this dysregulation into late adulthood, differential impact among hepatic cell types, and the involvement of the gut microbiome from neonatal BDE-99 exposure remain unknown. To address these knowledge gaps, male C57BL/6 mouse pups were orally exposed to corn oil (10 ml/kg) or BDE-99 (57 mg/kg) once daily from postnatal days 2-4. At 15 months of age, neonatal BDE-99 exposure down-regulated xenobiotic and lipid-metabolizing enzymes and up-regulated genes involved in microbial influx in hepatocytes. Neonatal BDE-99 exposure also increased the hepatic proportion of neutrophils and led to a predicted increase of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling. This was associated with decreased intestinal tight junction protein (Tjp) transcripts, altered gut environment, and dysregulation of inflammation-related metabolites. ScRNA-seq using germ-free (GF) mice demonstrated the necessity of a normal gut microbiome in maintaining hepatic immune tolerance. Microbiota transplant to GF mice using large intestinal microbiome from adults neonatally exposed to BDE-99 down-regulated Tjp transcripts and up-regulated several cytokines in large intestine. In conclusion, neonatal BDE-99 exposure reprogrammed cell type-specific gene expression and cell-cell communication in liver towards proinflammation, and this may be partly due to the dysregulated gut environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Jongpyo Lim
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
- Environmental Health and Microbiome Research Center (EHMBRACE), Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
| | - Michael Goedken
- Rutgers Research Pathology Services, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Yan Jin
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St Lucie, Florida 34987, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St Lucie, Florida 34987, USA
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
- Environmental Health and Microbiome Research Center (EHMBRACE), Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
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Huang F, Zhao N, Cai P, Hou M, Yang S, Zheng B, Ma Q, Jiang J, Gai X, Mao Y, Wang L, Hu Z, Zha X, Liu F, Zhang H. Active AKT2 stimulation of SREBP1/SCD1-mediated lipid metabolism boosts hepatosteatosis and cancer. Transl Res 2024; 268:51-62. [PMID: 38244769 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Due to soared obesity population worldwide, hepatosteatosis is becoming a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Undertaken molecular events during the progression of steatosis to liver cancer are thus under intensive investigation. In this study, we demonstrated that high-fat diet potentiated mouse liver AKT2. Hepatic AKT2 hyperactivation through gain-of-function mutation of Akt2 (Akt2E17K) caused spontaneous hepatosteatosis, injury, inflammation, fibrosis, and eventually HCC in mice. AKT2 activation also exacerbated lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine hydrochloride-induced injury/inflammation and N-Nitrosodiethylamine (DEN)-induced HCC. A positive correlation between AKT2 activity and SCD1 expression was observed in human HCC samples. Activated AKT2 enhanced the production of monounsaturated fatty acid which was dependent on SREBP1 upregulation of SCD1. Blockage of active SREBP1 and ablation of SCD1 reduced steatosis, inflammation, and tumor burden in DEN-treated Akt2E17K mice. Therefore, AKT2 activation is crucial for the development of steatosis-associated HCC which can be treated with blockage of AKT2-SREBP1-SCD1 signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Blood Transfusion, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Pei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjie Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bohao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Ma
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingpeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochen Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yilei Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lianmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongdong Hu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Zha
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fangming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Sitbon A, Delmotte PR, Pistorio V, Halter S, Gallet J, Gautheron J, Monsel A. Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles therapy openings new translational challenges in immunomodulating acute liver inflammation. J Transl Med 2024; 22:480. [PMID: 38773651 PMCID: PMC11106935 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05282-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a critical role in conditions such as acute liver failure, acute-on-chronic liver failure, and ischemia-reperfusion-induced liver injury. Various pathogenic pathways contribute to liver inflammation, involving inflammatory polarization of macrophages and Küpffer cells, neutrophil infiltration, dysregulation of T cell subsets, oxidative stress, and activation of hepatic stellate cells. While mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have demonstrated beneficial properties, their clinical translation is limited by their cellular nature. However, MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have emerged as a promising cell-free therapeutic approach for immunomodulation. MSC-EVs naturally mirror their parental cell properties, overcoming the limitations associated with the use of MSCs. In vitro and in vivo preclinical studies have demonstrated that MSC-EVs replicate the beneficial effects of MSCs in liver injury. This includes the reduction of cell death and oxidative stress, improvement of hepatocyte function, induction of immunomodulatory effects, and mitigation of cytokine storm. Nevertheless, MSC-EVs face challenges regarding the necessity of defining consistent isolation methods, optimizing MSCs culture conditions, and establishing quality control measures for EV characterization and functional assessment. By establishing standardized protocols, guidelines, and affordable cost mass production, clinicians and researchers will have a solid foundation to conduct further studies, validate the therapeutic efficacy of MSC-EVs, and ultimately pave the way for their clinical implementation in acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Sitbon
- Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS-938, Centre de Recherche de Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75012, Paris, France.
| | - Pierre-Romain Delmotte
- Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Valéria Pistorio
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS-938, Centre de Recherche de Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75012, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Halter
- Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS-959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), 75013, Paris, France
| | - Jérémy Gallet
- Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jérémie Gautheron
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS-938, Centre de Recherche de Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75012, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Monsel
- Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS-938, Centre de Recherche de Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75012, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS-959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), 75013, Paris, France
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Ishiyama S, Hayatsu M, Toriumi T, Tsuda H, Watanabe K, Kasai H, Kishigami S, Mochizuki K, Mikami Y. Assessing the combined impact of fatty liver-induced TGF-β1 and LPS-activated macrophages in fibrosis through a novel 3D serial section methodology. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11404. [PMID: 38762616 PMCID: PMC11102459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60845-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), caused by fat buildup, can lead to liver inflammation and damage. Elucidation of the spatial distribution of fibrotic tissue in the fatty liver in NASH can be immensely useful to understand its pathogenesis. Thus, we developed a novel serial section-3D (SS3D) technique that combines high-resolution image acquisition with 3D construction software, which enabled highly detailed analysis of the mouse liver and extraction and quantification of stained tissues. Moreover, we studied the underexplored mechanism of fibrosis progression in the fatty liver in NASH by subjecting the mice to a high-fat diet (HFD), followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. The HFD/LPS (+) group showed extensive fibrosis compared with control; additionally, the area of these fibrotic regions in the HFD/LPS (+) group was almost double that of control using our SS3D technique. LPS administration led to an increase in Tnfα and Il1β mRNA expression and the number of macrophages in the liver. On the other hand, transforming growth factor-β1 (Tgfβ1) mRNA increased in HFD group compared to that of control group without LPS-administration. In addition, COL1A1 levels increased in hepatic stellate cell (HSC)-like XL-2 cells when treated with recombinant TGF-β1, which attenuated with recombinant latency-associated protein (rLAP). This attenuation was rescued with LPS-activated macrophages. Therefore, we demonstrated that fatty liver produced "latent-form" of TGF-β1, which activated by macrophages via inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα and IL1β, resulting in activation of HSCs leading to the production of COL1A1. Moreover, we established the effectiveness of our SS3D technique in creating 3D images of fibrotic tissue, which can be used to study other diseases as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Ishiyama
- Department of Integrated Applied Life Science, Integrated Graduate School of Medicine, Engineering, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Manabu Hayatsu
- Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Taku Toriumi
- Department of Anatomy, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tsuda
- Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Watanabe
- Division of Gross Anatomy and Morphogenesis, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirotake Kasai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kishigami
- Department of Integrated Applied Life Science, Integrated Graduate School of Medicine, Engineering, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
- Center for Advanced Assisted Reproductive Technologies, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kazuki Mochizuki
- Department of Integrated Applied Life Science, Integrated Graduate School of Medicine, Engineering, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Yoshikazu Mikami
- Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
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Chunchai T, Chinchapo T, Sripetchwandee J, Thonusin C, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Lipopolysaccharide exacerbates depressive-like behaviors in obese rats through complement C1q-mediated synaptic elimination by microglia. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14130. [PMID: 38462756 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
AIM Prolonged high-fat diet (HFD) consumption has been shown to impair cognition and depression. The combined effects of HFD and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration on those outcomes have never been thoroughly investigated. This study investigated the effects of LPS, HFD consumption, and a combination of both conditions on microglial dysfunction, microglial morphological alterations, synaptic loss, cognitive dysfunction, and depressive-like behaviors. METHODS Sixty-four male Wistar rats were fed either a normal diet (ND) or HFD for 12 weeks, followed by single dose-subcutaneous injection of either vehicle or LPS. Then, cognitive function and depressive-like behaviors were assessed. Then, rats were euthanized, and the whole brain, hippocampus, and spleen were collected for further investigation, including western blot analysis, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence staining, and brain metabolome determination. RESULTS HFD-fed rats developed obese characteristics. Both HFD-fed rats with vehicle and ND-fed rats with LPS increased cholesterol and serum LPS levels, which were exacerbated in HFD-fed rats with LPS. HFD consumption, but not LPS injection, caused oxidative stress, blood-brain barrier disruption, and decreased neurogenesis. Both HFD and LPS administration triggered an increase in inflammatory genes on microglia and astrocytes, increased c1q colocalization with microglia, and increased dendritic spine loss, which were exacerbated in the combined conditions. Both HFD and LPS altered neurotransmitters and disrupted brain metabolism. Interestingly, HFD consumption, but not LPS, induced cognitive decline, whereas both conditions individually induced depressive-like behaviors, which were exacerbated in the combined conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that LPS aggravates metabolic disturbances, neuroinflammation, microglial synaptic engulfment, and depressive-like behaviors in obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titikorn Chunchai
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thirathada Chinchapo
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jirapas Sripetchwandee
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chanisa Thonusin
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Huang Y, Ning Y, Chen Z, Song P, Tang H, Shi W, Wan Z, Huang G, Liu Q, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Li Y, Zhan Z, Ding J, Duan W, Xie H. A Novel IRAK4 Inhibitor DW18134 Ameliorates Peritonitis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Molecules 2024; 29:1803. [PMID: 38675622 PMCID: PMC11052001 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
IRAK4 is a critical mediator in NF-κB-regulated inflammatory signaling and has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases; however, none of its inhibitors have received FDA approval. In this study, we identified a novel small-molecule IRAK4 kinase inhibitor, DW18134, with an IC50 value of 11.2 nM. DW18134 dose-dependently inhibited the phosphorylation of IRAK4 and IKK in primary peritoneal macrophages and RAW264.7 cells, inhibiting the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 in both cell lines. The in vivo study demonstrated the efficacy of DW18134, significantly attenuating behavioral scores in an LPS-induced peritonitis model. Mechanistically, DW18134 reduced serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels and attenuated inflammatory tissue injury. By directly blocking IRAK4 activation, DW18134 diminished liver macrophage infiltration and the expression of related inflammatory cytokines in peritonitis mice. Additionally, in the DSS-induced colitis model, DW18134 significantly reduced the disease activity index (DAI) and normalized food and water intake and body weight. Furthermore, DW18134 restored intestinal damage and reduced inflammatory cytokine expression in mice by blocking the IRAK4 signaling pathway. Notably, DW18134 protected DSS-threatened intestinal barrier function by upregulating tight junction gene expression. In conclusion, our findings reported a novel IRAK4 inhibitor, DW18134, as a promising candidate for treating inflammatory diseases, including peritonitis and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Huang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China; (Y.H.); (P.S.); (H.T.); (W.S.); (Z.W.); (G.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
| | - Yi Ning
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology & State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.N.); (Q.L.); (J.D.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
- Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.C.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Peiran Song
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China; (Y.H.); (P.S.); (H.T.); (W.S.); (Z.W.); (G.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology & State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.N.); (Q.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Haotian Tang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China; (Y.H.); (P.S.); (H.T.); (W.S.); (Z.W.); (G.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology & State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.N.); (Q.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Wenhao Shi
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China; (Y.H.); (P.S.); (H.T.); (W.S.); (Z.W.); (G.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhipeng Wan
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China; (Y.H.); (P.S.); (H.T.); (W.S.); (Z.W.); (G.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Gege Huang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China; (Y.H.); (P.S.); (H.T.); (W.S.); (Z.W.); (G.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Qiupei Liu
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology & State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.N.); (Q.L.); (J.D.)
- Department of Chemical and Environment Engineering, Science and Engineering Building, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.C.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Yu Zhou
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China; (Y.H.); (P.S.); (H.T.); (W.S.); (Z.W.); (G.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuantong Li
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China; (Y.H.); (P.S.); (H.T.); (W.S.); (Z.W.); (G.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhengsheng Zhan
- Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.C.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jian Ding
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology & State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.N.); (Q.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Wenhu Duan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
- Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.C.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Hua Xie
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China; (Y.H.); (P.S.); (H.T.); (W.S.); (Z.W.); (G.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology & State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.N.); (Q.L.); (J.D.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
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7
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Thilakarathna WPDW, Rupasinghe HPV. Proanthocyanidins-Based Synbiotics as a Novel Strategy for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Risk Reduction. Molecules 2024; 29:709. [PMID: 38338453 PMCID: PMC10856248 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common liver disease worldwide, is a spectrum of liver abnormalities ranging from steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) characterized by excessive lipid accumulation. The prevalence of NAFLD is predicted to increase rapidly, demanding novel approaches to reduce the global NAFLD burden. Flavonoids, the most abundant dietary polyphenols, can reduce the risk of NAFLD. The majority of dietary flavonoids are proanthocyanidins (PACs), which are oligomers and polymers of the flavonoid sub-group flavan-3-ols. The efficacy of PAC in reducing the NAFLD risk can be significantly hindered by low bioavailability. The development of synbiotics by combining PAC with probiotics may increase effectiveness against NAFLD by biotransforming PAC into bioavailable metabolites. PAC and probiotic bacteria are capable of mitigating steatosis primarily through suppressing de novo lipogenesis and promoting fatty acid β-oxidation. PAC and probiotic bacteria can reduce the progression of steatosis to NASH mainly through ameliorating hepatic damage and inflammation induced by hepatic oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Synbiotics of PAC are superior in reducing the risk of NAFLD compared to independent administration of PAC and probiotics. The development of PAC-based synbiotics can be a novel strategy to mitigate the increasing incidence of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasitha P. D. W. Thilakarathna
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
| | - H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada
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8
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Abarikwu SO, Mgbudom-Okah CJ, Ndufeiya-Kumasi LC, Monye VE, Aruoren O, Ezim OE, Omeodu SI, Charles IA. Influence of triazines and lipopolysaccharide coexposure on inflammatory response and histopathological changes in the testis and liver of BalB/c mice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24431. [PMID: 38293467 PMCID: PMC10826326 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Triazines are environmental active chemicals that have been reported to alter the inflammatory status of the gonads. We tested the anti-inflammatory effect of the triazines (atrazine; ATZ, simazine; SMZ and cyanazine; CYZ) on the testis and compared it with the more classical liver model that has substantial populations of resident macrophages comparable to the testis. Methods BalB/c mice were treated with 25 mg/kg ATZ, SMZ and CYZ for 30 days and injected with lipopolysaccharide (0.5 mg/kg i.p.) 6 h before sacrifice. Myeloperoxidase activity and nitric oxide level in the testis and liver homogenates were determined by spectrophotometry whereas tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 concentrations were evaluated by immunoassay. Haematoxylin and eosin stained sections of the tissues were observed using a light microscope. Results Myeloperoxidase activity, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6 levels were decreased in the liver and testis of the triazines co-treated animals. SMZ has the most potent inhibitory effect and ATZ the least effect on inflammatory mediators in both tissues. Microscopic evaluation showed loss of inflammatory cells in the inter-tubular areas of the testis and few patchy masses of infiltrating inflammatory cells around the central vein of the liver. Conclusion Triazines inhibit the levels of inflammatory mediators in the testis and liver of mice. The anti-inflammatory effect of triazines in a lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation model was established in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny O. Abarikwu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Vivian E. Monye
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Oke Aruoren
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Ogechukwu E. Ezim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Stephen I. Omeodu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
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9
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Song Q, Wang X, Cao Z, Xin C, Zhang J, Li S. The Apelin/APJ System: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Sepsis. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:313-330. [PMID: 38250143 PMCID: PMC10800090 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s436169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Apelin is the native ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor APJ. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the Apelin/APJ system has positive inotropic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects and regulates fluid homeostasis. The Apelin/APJ system has been demonstrated to play a protective role in sepsis and may serve as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of sepsis. Better understanding of the mechanisms of the effects of the Apelin/APJ system will aid in the development of novel drugs for the treatment of sepsis. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the physiological role of the Apelin/APJ system and its role in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Song
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenhuan Cao
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun Xin
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Suwei Li
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116000, People’s Republic of China
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10
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López-Troncoso ÓJ, Reyes-Lagos JJ, Hadamitzky M, Peña-Castillo MÁ, Echeverría JC, Lückemann L, Schedlowski M, Pacheco-López G. Assessing the effects of oxytocin in changes of core body temperature during LPS-induced endotoxemia: A novel approach using Extended Poincaré Plot Analysis. J Therm Biol 2024; 119:103756. [PMID: 38056359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxytocin has shown cardioprotective effects during inflammation and may modify the core body temperature changes in LPS-induced endotoxemia. Notably, the time series analysis of core body temperature fluctuations may indicate thermoregulation alterations. This study aims to assess the effects of oxytocin on changes in the core body temperature by analyzing the fluctuations of the temperature time series of endotoxemic rats. Twelve hours of continuous core body temperature fluctuations time series were obtained from adult male Dark Agouti rats implanted with a telemetric transmitter under the following treatment: lipopolysaccharide (LPS); oxytocin (O); lipopolysaccharide + oxytocin (LPS + O), and vehicle or control (C). The temperature fluctuations time series were analyzed using the Extended Poincaré Plot Analysis (EPPA), a novel approach for measuring nonlinear features, to compute the autocorrelation by Pearson's correlation coefficient r, the standard deviation perpendicular to the line of identity (SD1), and the standard deviation parallel to the line of identity (SD2). The autocorrelation of the temperature fluctuations assessed by Pearson's coefficient was significantly higher in the LPS group compared to control rats (C). Likewise, the co-administration of oxytocin during endotoxemia (LPS + O) significantly reduced the autocorrelation and increased the short-term variability (SD1) of temperature fluctuations compared to those recorded with a single dose of LPS. Thus, we concluded that oxytocin may introduce thermoregulatory changes under LPS-induced endotoxemia. The EPPA is a simple and powerful approach to assess physiological variability that can provide valuable insights into changes in thermoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Javier Reyes-Lagos
- Autonomous University of the State of Mexico (UAEMéx), School of Medicine, Toluca, 50180, Mexico
| | - Martin Hadamitzky
- University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, Essen, 45122, Germany
| | - Miguel Ángel Peña-Castillo
- Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), Campus Iztapalapa, Basic Sciences and Engineering Division, Mexico City, 09340, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Echeverría
- Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), Campus Iztapalapa, Basic Sciences and Engineering Division, Mexico City, 09340, Mexico
| | - Laura Lückemann
- University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, Essen, 45122, Germany
| | - Manfred Schedlowski
- University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, Essen, 45122, Germany
| | - Gustavo Pacheco-López
- Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), Campus Lerma, Biological and Health Sciences Division, Lerma, 52005, Mexico.
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11
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Lambrecht R, Delgado ME, Gloe V, Schuetz K, Plazzo AP, Franke B, San Phan T, Fleming J, Mayans O, Brunner T. Liver receptor homolog-1 (NR5A2) orchestrates hepatic inflammation and TNF-induced cell death. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113513. [PMID: 38039134 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptor liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1) has been shown to promote apoptosis resistance in various tissues and disease contexts; however, its role in liver cell death remains unexplored. Hepatocyte-specific deletion of LRH-1 causes mild steatosis and inflammation but unexpectedly shields female mice from tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and associated hepatitis. LRH-1-deficient hepatocytes show markedly attenuated estrogen receptor alpha and elevated nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activity, while LRH-1 overexpression inhibits NF-κB activity. This inhibition relies on direct physical interaction of LRH-1's ligand-binding domain and the Rel homology domain of NF-κB subunit RelA. Mechanistically, increased transcription of anti-apoptotic NF-κB target genes and the proteasomal degradation of pro-apoptotic BCL-2 interacting mediator of cell death prevent mitochondrial apoptosis and ultimately protect mice from TNF-induced liver damage. Collectively, our study emphasizes LRH-1 as a critical, sex-dependent regulator of cell death and inflammation in the healthy and diseased liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Lambrecht
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - M Eugenia Delgado
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Vincent Gloe
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Karina Schuetz
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Anna Pia Plazzo
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Barbara Franke
- Biophysics and Structural Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Truong San Phan
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jennifer Fleming
- Biophysics and Structural Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Olga Mayans
- Biophysics and Structural Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Thomas Brunner
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany.
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12
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Kalita M, Park JH, Kuo RC, Hayee S, Marsango S, Straniero V, Alam IS, Rivera-Rodriguez A, Pandrala M, Carlson ML, Reyes ST, Jackson IM, Suigo L, Luo A, Nagy SC, Valoti E, Milligan G, Habte F, Shen B, James ML. PET Imaging of Innate Immune Activation Using 11C Radiotracers Targeting GPR84. JACS AU 2023; 3:3297-3310. [PMID: 38155640 PMCID: PMC10751761 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Chronic innate immune activation is a key hallmark of many neurological diseases and is known to result in the upregulation of GPR84 in myeloid cells (macrophages, microglia, and monocytes). As such, GPR84 can potentially serve as a sensor of proinflammatory innate immune responses. To assess the utility of GPR84 as an imaging biomarker, we synthesized 11C-MGX-10S and 11C-MGX-11Svia carbon-11 alkylation for use as positron emission tomography (PET) tracers targeting this receptor. In vitro experiments demonstrated significantly higher binding of both radiotracers to hGPR84-HEK293 cells than that of parental control HEK293 cells. Co-incubation with the GPR84 antagonist GLPG1205 reduced the binding of both radiotracers by >90%, demonstrating their high specificity for GPR84 in vitro. In vivo assessment of each radiotracer via PET imaging of healthy mice illustrated the superior brain uptake and pharmacokinetics of 11C-MGX-10S compared to 11C-MGX-11S. Subsequent use of 11C-MGX-10S to image a well-established mouse model of systemic and neuro-inflammation revealed a high PET signal in affected tissues, including the brain, liver, lung, and spleen. In vivo specificity of 11C-MGX-10S for GPR84 was confirmed by the administration of GLPG1205 followed by radiotracer injection. When compared with 11C-DPA-713-an existing radiotracer used to image innate immune activation in clinical research studies-11C-MGX-10S has multiple advantages, including its higher binding signal in inflamed tissues in the CNS and periphery and low background signal in healthy saline-treated subjects. The pronounced uptake of 11C-MGX-10S during inflammation, its high specificity for GPR84, and suitable pharmacokinetics strongly support further investigation of 11C-MGX-10S for imaging GPR84-positive myeloid cells associated with innate immune activation in animal models of inflammatory diseases and human neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mausam Kalita
- Department
of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jun Hyung Park
- Department
of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Renesmee Chenting Kuo
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Samira Hayee
- Department
of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sara Marsango
- Centre
for Translational Pharmacology, School of Molecular Biosciences, College
of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland,
U.K.
| | - Valentina Straniero
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Milan, via Luigi Mangiagalli
25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Israt S. Alam
- Department
of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | | | - Mallesh Pandrala
- Department
of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Mackenzie L. Carlson
- Department
of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Samantha T. Reyes
- Department
of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Isaac M. Jackson
- Department
of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Lorenzo Suigo
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Milan, via Luigi Mangiagalli
25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Audrey Luo
- Department
of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sydney C. Nagy
- Department
of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ermanno Valoti
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Milan, via Luigi Mangiagalli
25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Graeme Milligan
- Centre
for Translational Pharmacology, School of Molecular Biosciences, College
of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland,
U.K.
| | - Frezghi Habte
- Department
of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Bin Shen
- Department
of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Michelle L. James
- Department
of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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13
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Kim SY, Kang J, Fawaz MV, Yu M, Xia Z, Morin EE, Mei L, Olsen K, Li XA, Schwendeman A. Phospholipids impact the protective effects of HDL-mimetic nanodiscs against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023; 18:2127-2142. [PMID: 38197376 PMCID: PMC10918510 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: The impacts of synthetic high-density lipoprotein (sHDL) phospholipid components on anti-sepsis effects were investigated. Methods: sHDL composed with ApoA-I mimetic peptide (22A) and different phosphatidylcholines were prepared and characterized. Anti-inflammatory effects were investigated in vitro and in vivo on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation models. Results: sHDLs composed with 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (22A-DMPC) most effectively neutralizes LPS, inhibits toll-like receptor 4 recruitment into lipid rafts, suppresses nuclear factor κB signaling and promotes activating transcription factor 3 activating. The lethal endotoxemia animal model showed the protective effects of 22A-DMPC. Conclusion: Phospholipid components affect the stability and fluidity of nanodiscs, impacting the anti-septic efficacy of sHDLs. 22A-DMPC presents the strongest LPS binding and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a potential sepsis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yeop Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Jukyung Kang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Maria V Fawaz
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Minzhi Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Ziyun Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Emily E Morin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Ling Mei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Karl Olsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Xiang-An Li
- Department of Physiology, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Anna Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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14
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Aljarboa AS, Alhusaini AM, Sarawi WS, Mohammed R, Ali RA, Hasan IH. The implication of LPS/TLR4 and FXR receptors in hepatoprotective efficacy of indole-3-acetic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. Life Sci 2023; 334:122182. [PMID: 37863258 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM Valproic acid (VPA) belongs to the first-generation antiepileptic drugs, yet its prolonged use can cause life-threatening liver damage. The importance of our study is to investigate the protective effect of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and their combination on VPA-induced liver injury focusing on lipopolysaccharides (LPS)/toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway and farnesoid X receptor (FXR). METHODS Thirty rats were randomly assigned into five groups, normal control group, VPA group received 500 mg/kg of VPA intraperitoneally. The remaining groups were orally treated with either 40 mg/kg of IAA, 90 mg/kg of CDCA, or a combination of both, along with VPA. All treatments were administered one hour after the administration of VPA for three weeks. KEY FINDINGS VPA group showed significant elevations in the liver weight/body weight ratio, serum aminotransferases, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels. Hepatic glutathione (GSH) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were significantly decreased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) level, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and caspase 3 were significantly increased. Likewise, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that TLR4 expression was elevated, whereas FXR expression was downregulated in hepatocytes. IAA substantially ameliorated all previously altered parameters, whereas CDCA treatment showed a partial improvement compared to IAA. Surprisingly, combination therapy of IAA with CDCA showed an additive effect only in the hepatic expression of TLR4 and FXR proteins. SIGNIFICANCE IAA could be a promising protective agent against VPA-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad S Aljarboa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahlam M Alhusaini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Wedad S Sarawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Raeesa Mohammed
- Department of Histology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rehab A Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Iman H Hasan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.
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15
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Zhang W, Liu K, Ren GM, Wang Y, Wang T, Liu X, Li DX, Xiao Y, Chen X, Li YT, Zhan YQ, Xiang SS, Chen H, Gao HY, Zhao K, Yu M, Ge CH, Li CY, Ge ZQ, Yang XM, Yin RH. BRISC is required for optimal activation of NF-κB in Kupffer cells induced by LPS and contributes to acute liver injury. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:743. [PMID: 37968261 PMCID: PMC10651896 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06268-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BRISC (BRCC3 isopeptidase complex) is a deubiquitinating enzyme that has been linked with inflammatory processes, but its role in liver diseases and the underlying mechanism are unknown. Here, we investigated the pathophysiological role of BRISC in acute liver failure using a mice model induced by D-galactosamine (D-GalN) plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found that the expression of BRISC components was dramatically increased in kupffer cells (KCs) upon LPS treatment in vitro or by the injection of LPS in D-GalN-sensitized mice. D-GalN plus LPS-induced liver damage and mortality in global BRISC-null mice were markedly attenuated, which was accompanied by impaired hepatocyte death and hepatic inflammation response. Constantly, treatment with thiolutin, a potent BRISC inhibitor, remarkably alleviated D-GalN/LPS-induced liver injury in mice. By using bone marrow-reconstituted chimeric mice and cell-specific BRISC-deficient mice, we demonstrated that KCs are the key effector cells responsible for protection against D-GalN/LPS-induced liver injury in BRISC-deficient mice. Mechanistically, we found that hepatic and circulating levels of TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, and IL-1β, as well as TNF-α- and MCP-1-producing KCs, in BRISC-deleted mice were dramatically decreased as early as 1 h after D-GalN/LPS challenge, which occurred prior to the elevation of the liver injury markers. Moreover, LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines production in KCs was significantly diminished by BRISC deficiency in vitro, which was accompanied by potently attenuated NF-κB activation. Restoration of NF-κB activation by two small molecular activators of NF-κB p65 effectively reversed the suppression of cytokines production in ABRO1-deficient KCs by LPS. In conclusion, BRISC is required for optimal activation of NF-κB-mediated proinflammatory cytokines production in LPS-treated KCs and contributes to acute liver injury. This study opens the possibility to develop new strategies for the inhibition of KCs-driven inflammation in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Guang-Ming Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Dong-Xu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Ya-Ting Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Yi-Qun Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Shen-Si Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Hui-Ying Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Miao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Chang-Hui Ge
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Chang-Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Ge
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Rong-Hua Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China.
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
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16
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Sim HW, Lee WY, Lee R, Yang SY, Ham YK, Lim SD, Park HJ. The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Broccoli ( Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) Sprout Extract in RAW 264.7 Macrophages and a Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Injury Model. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:9117-9131. [PMID: 37998749 PMCID: PMC10670196 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassica oleracea var. italica (broccoli), a member of the cabbage family, is abundant with many nutrients, including vitamins, potassium, fiber, minerals, and phytochemicals. Consequently, it has been used as a functional food additive to reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. In the current study, the effects of sulforaphane-rich broccoli sprout extract (BSE) on the inflammatory response were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Comparative high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of sulforaphane content from different extracts revealed that 70% ethanolic BSE contained more sulforaphane than the other extracts. qPCR and enzyme immunoassay analyses revealed that BSE markedly reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators, including cyclooxygenase 2, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Pretreatment with BSE improved the survival rate and suppressed alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase expression in LPS-induced endotoxemic mice, while proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, cyclooxygenase-2, and iNOS decreased dramatically in the LPS-induced liver injury model via BSE treatment. Additionally, F4/80 immunostaining showed that BSE suppressed hepatic macrophage infiltration in the liver after lipopolysaccharide injection. In conclusion, BSE may be a potential nutraceutical for preventing and regulating excessive immune responses in inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Woo Sim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju-si 26339, Republic of Korea; (H.W.S.)
| | - Won-Yong Lee
- Department of Livestock, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju-si 54874, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ran Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju-si 26339, Republic of Korea; (H.W.S.)
| | - Seo Young Yang
- Department of Biology Education, Teachers College and Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - Youn-Kyung Ham
- Department of Animal Science, Sangji University, Wonju-si 26339, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung Don Lim
- Department of Plant Life and Resource Science, Sangji University, Wonju-si 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju-si 26339, Republic of Korea; (H.W.S.)
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17
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Asejeje FO, Akinola KD, Abiola MA. Sodium benzoate exacerbates hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation in lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in rats. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2023; 45:558-564. [PMID: 36927185 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2023.2191818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver damage is a global health concern associated with a high mortality rate. Sodium benzoate (SB) is a widely used preservative in the food industry with a wide range of applications. However, there's a lack of scientific reports on its effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic dysfunction. OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the influence of SB on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-eight rats were randomly allocated into four groups: control (received distilled water), SB (received 600 mg/kg), LPS (received 0.25 mg/kg), and LPS + SB (received LPS, 0.25 mg/kg, and SB, 600 mg/kg). SB was administered orally for 14 days while LPS was administered intraperitoneally for 7 days. RESULTS Administration of SB to rats with hepatocyte injury exacerbated liver damage with a significant increase in the activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). We also observed that SB aggravated LPS-mediated hepatic oxidative stress occasioned by a marked decrease in antioxidant status with a concomitant increase in lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, LPS - mediated increase in inflammatory biomarkers as well as histological deterioration in the liver was exacerbated following the administration of SB to rats. CONCLUSION Taken together, the study provides experimental evidence that SB exacerbates hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation in LPS-mediated liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Folake Olubukola Asejeje
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Khalid Damilare Akinola
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Michael Abayomi Abiola
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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18
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Kara A, Ozkanlar S. Blockade of P2X7 receptor-mediated purinergic signaling with A438079 protects against LPS-induced liver injury in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23443. [PMID: 37365769 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of purinergic receptor (P2X7R) antagonism by A438079 in liver damage. An experimental model of inflammation was performed by intraperitoneal (i.p.) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration in the rat. The groups were Control, A438079, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), LPS, LPS + DMSO, and LPS + A438079. Following LPS (8 mg/kg) injection, A438079 (15 mg/kg) and DMSO (0.1 mL) were administrated (i.p) in the study groups. The blood and the liver tissues were removed for histological, biochemical, and western blot analyses. In the biochemical analysis, serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) concentrations, the tissue glutathione (GSH) level, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity dramatically decreased and malondialdehyde (MDA) level increased in the LPS and LPS + DMSO groups compared to the LPS + A438079 group. In the histological analysis, severe sinusoidal dilatation, necrotic hepatocytes, and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in the LPS and LPS + DMSO groups while these effects were lessened in the LPS + A438079 group. The relative protein expression levels of P2X7R, Nf-kB-p65, IL-6, and Caspase-3 were significantly higher in the LPS and the LPS + DMSO groups than in the LPS + A438079 group. On the other hand, these protein expressions were considerably lower in the Control, A438079, and DMSO groups compared to the LPS + A438079 group. In addition, Bcl-2 protein expression was significantly lower in the LPS and the LPS + DMSO groups and higher in the LPS + A438079 group compared to the other groups. The protective effect of A438079 against LPS-induced hepatic inflammation may be related to P2X7R antagonism, inflammatory mediators, and apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adem Kara
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Seckin Ozkanlar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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19
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Huang CJ, Hsu SJ, Hsu YC, Chen LK, Li C, Huang HC, Lee YH. Synthesis, characterization, and biological verification of asialoglycoprotein receptor-targeted lipopolysaccharide-encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles for the establishment of a liver fibrosis animal model. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:6650-6662. [PMID: 37609825 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01058a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is generally preceded by various liver injuries and often leads to chronic liver diseases and even cirrhosis. Therefore, a liver fibrosis animal model is the cornerstone for the development of therapeutic strategies for hepatic diseases. Although administration of hepatotoxic substances and/or bile duct ligation have been widely performed to construct the in vivo model over the last decades, they are seriously hindered by time-consuming protocols, high mortality, and instability, indicating that an effective and safe approach for the induction of liver fibrosis is still urgently needed nowadays. In this study, we have developed asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR)-targeted lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles named ALPNPs for establishing an animal model of liver fibrosis. The ALPNPs are characterized as having a spherical nanostructure with size of 182.9 ± 8.89 nm and surface charge of -8.3 ± 1.48 mV. An anti-ASGPR antibody bound to the surface of the nanoparticles with a crosslinking efficiency of 95.03% allows ALPNPs to have hepatocyte-binding specificity. In comparison to free LPSs, the ALPNPs can induce higher aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin concentrations in plasma, reduce the blood flow rate in the portal system and the kidneys, and increase vascular resistance in the liver, kidneys, and collateral shunting vasculature. Based on histological and RNA-seq analyses, the ALPNPs can provide similar capability on inducing hepatic inflammation and fibrosis compared to free LPS but possess higher liver targetability than the naked drug. In addition, the ALPNPs are less toxic in organs other than the liver in comparison to free LPS, demonstrating that the ALPNPs do not elicit off-target effects in vivo. Given the aforementioned efficacies with other merits such as biocompatibility and drug release controllability provided by PLGA, we anticipate that the developed ALPNPs are highly applicable in establishing animal models of liver fibrosis in pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ju Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central, University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan R.O.C.
| | - Shao-Jung Hsu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C.
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Yi-Chiung Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central, University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan R.O.C.
| | - Liang-Kun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central, University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan R.O.C.
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Hui-Chun Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C.
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Yu-Hsiang Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central, University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan R.O.C.
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan R.O.C
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20
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Yang H, Chen J, Li J. Isolation, culture, and delivery considerations for the use of mesenchymal stem cells in potential therapies for acute liver failure. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1243220. [PMID: 37744328 PMCID: PMC10513107 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1243220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a high-mortality syndrome for which liver transplantation is considered the only effective treatment option. A shortage of donor organs, high costs and surgical complications associated with immune rejection constrain the therapeutic effects of liver transplantation. Recently, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy was recognized as an alternative strategy for liver transplantation. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been used in clinical trials of several liver diseases due to their ease of acquisition, strong proliferation ability, multipotent differentiation, homing to the lesion site, low immunogenicity and anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the harvest and culture expansion strategies for BMSCs, the development of animal models of ALF of different aetiologies, the critical mechanisms of BMSC therapy for ALF and the challenge of clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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21
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Xia H, Wang Y, Shi X, Liao W, Wang S, Sui J, Sun G. Beneficial Effects of Dietary Flaxseed Oil through Inflammation Pathways and Gut Microbiota in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. Foods 2023; 12:3229. [PMID: 37685162 PMCID: PMC10487211 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaxseed oil (FO) has displayed potential anti-diabetes properties by providing a high content of α-linolenic acid. However, the effects and mechanisms of FO on type 1 diabetes are still unclear. The present study aims to explore the effects of different doses of FO feeding on hepatic inflammation and gut microbiota in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Forty-eight six-week-old C57BL/6J male mice were divided into a control group (CON), a diabetic group (MOD), a diabetes with 7.0% w/w FO feeding group (FO-L), and a diabetes with 10.5% w/w FO feeding group (FO-H) for six weeks. The 7.0% w/w and 10.5% w/w FO feeding groups exhibited potential recovery of the number and size of pancreas tissues. The fasting blood glucose level was significantly decreased only after 4 weeks of feeding with 10.5% w/w FO in diabetic mice. The 10.5% w/w FO feeding group significantly decreased the postprandial blood glucose level of mice in the OGTT test. Hepatic glycogen levels were dramatically upregulated in the mice fed with both 7.0% w/w and 10.5% w/w FO. FO feeding significantly attenuated hepatic LPS, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels. In addition, we observed that 7.0% w/w and 10.5% w/w FO feedings notably downregulated hepatic gene and protein expressions of TLR4, MyD88, and P65. Furthermore, only 10.5% FO regulated fecal microbiota by increasing the relative abundance of the Bacteroidetes phylum, Lactococcus family, and Muribaculaceae and Streptococcaceae family and genus in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Therefore, we conclude that FO feeding plays a role in anti-inflammation via the regulation of hepatic LPS/TLR4/MyD88 pathways and gut microbiota. In addition, different doses of FO supplementation may exhibit varying mechanisms in streptozotocin-induced mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (H.X.); (Y.W.); (X.S.); (W.L.); (S.W.); (J.S.)
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (H.X.); (Y.W.); (X.S.); (W.L.); (S.W.); (J.S.)
| | - Xiangling Shi
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (H.X.); (Y.W.); (X.S.); (W.L.); (S.W.); (J.S.)
| | - Wang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (H.X.); (Y.W.); (X.S.); (W.L.); (S.W.); (J.S.)
| | - Shaokang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (H.X.); (Y.W.); (X.S.); (W.L.); (S.W.); (J.S.)
| | - Jing Sui
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (H.X.); (Y.W.); (X.S.); (W.L.); (S.W.); (J.S.)
- Research Institute for Environment and Health, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 211544, China
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (H.X.); (Y.W.); (X.S.); (W.L.); (S.W.); (J.S.)
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22
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Water-soluble protein from walleye pollock ( Gadus chalcogrammus) suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by attenuating TLR4-MyD88 expression in macrophages. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2023; 6:100165. [PMID: 36891454 PMCID: PMC9988394 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2023.100165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble protein (WSP) from fish meat is abundant in the waste effluent generated via the surimi manufacturing process. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of fish WSP using primary macrophages (MΦ) and animal ingestion. MΦ were treated with digested-WSP (d-WSP, 500 µg/mL) with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. For the ingestion study, male ICR mice (5 weeks old) were fed 4% WSP for 14 days following LPS administration (4 mg/kg body weight). d-WSP decreased the expression of Tlr4, an LPS receptor. Additionally, d-WSP significantly suppressed the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, phagocytic ability, and Myd88 and Il1b expressions of LPS-stimulated macrophages. Furthermore, the ingestion of 4% WSP attenuated not only LPS-induced IL-1β secretion in the blood but also Myd88 and Il1b expressions in the liver. Thus, fish WSP decreases the expressions of the genes involved in the TLR4-MyD88 pathway in MΦ and the liver, thereby suppressing inflammation.
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Key Words
- 2Me, 2-mercaptoethanol
- Anti-inflammation
- Aq, aqua
- E. coli, Escherichia coli
- ELISA, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- FBS, Fetal bovine serum
- Fish water-soluble protein
- IL-1β, Interleukin 1 beta
- IL-6, Interleukin 6
- LBP, Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein
- LPS
- LPS, Lipopolysaccharide
- Macrophage
- MyD88
- MyD88, Myeloid differentiation primary response 88
- NCDs, Noncommunicable diseases
- NF-κB, Nuclear factor-kappa B
- NLRP3, NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain-containing protein 3
- PBS, Phosphate-buffered saline
- PCR, Polymerase chain reaction
- SDS, Sodium dodecyl sulfate
- TICAM-1, Toll-like receptor adaptor molecule 1
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- TLR4
- TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4
- TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
- TNFR, Tumor necrosis factor receptor
- TRIF, TIR-domain–containing adapter-inducing interferon-beta
- WSP, Water-soluble protein
- d-WSP, digested water-soluble protein
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23
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Yang J, Li Y, Bhalla A, Maienschein-Cline M, Fukuchi KI. A novel co-culture model for investigation of the effects of LPS-induced macrophage-derived cytokines on brain endothelial cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288497. [PMID: 37440496 PMCID: PMC10343049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to study effects of macrophage-derived inflammatory mediators associated with systemic inflammation on brain endothelial cells, we have established a co-culture system consisting of bEnd.3 cells and LPS-activated Raw 264.7 cells and performed its cytokine profiling. The cytokine profile of the co-culture model was compared to that of mice treated with intraperitoneal LPS injection. We found that, among cytokines profiled, eight cytokines/chemokines were similarly upregulated in both in vivo mouse and in vitro co-culture model. In contrast to the co-culture model, the cytokine profile of a common mono-culture system consisting of only LPS-activated bEnd.3 cells had little similarity to that of the in vivo mouse model. These results indicate that the co-culture of bEnd.3 cells with LPS-activated Raw 264.7 cells is a better model than the common mono-culture of LPS-activated bEnd.3 cells to investigate the molecular mechanism in endothelial cells, by which systemic inflammation induces neuroinflammation. Moreover, fibrinogen adherence both to bEnd.3 cells in the co-culture and to brain blood vessels in a LPS-treated animal model of Alzheimer's disease increased. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first to utilize bEnd.3 cells co-cultured with LPS-activated Raw 264.7 cells as an in vitro model to investigate the consequence of macrophage-derived inflammatory mediators on brain endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois, United states of America
| | - Yinchuan Li
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ambuj Bhalla
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois, United states of America
| | - Mark Maienschein-Cline
- Research Informatics Core, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ken-ichiro Fukuchi
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois, United states of America
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24
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Patil VS, Harish DR, Sampat GH, Roy S, Jalalpure SS, Khanal P, Gujarathi SS, Hegde HV. System Biology Investigation Revealed Lipopolysaccharide and Alcohol-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Resembled Hepatitis B Virus Immunobiology and Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11146. [PMID: 37446321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B infection caused by the hepatitis B virus is a life-threatening cause of liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Researchers have produced multiple in vivo models for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and, currently, there are no specific laboratory animal models available to study HBV pathogenesis or immune response; nonetheless, their limitations prevent them from being used to study HBV pathogenesis, immune response, or therapeutic methods because HBV can only infect humans and chimpanzees. The current study is the first of its kind to identify a suitable chemically induced liver cirrhosis/HCC model that parallels HBV pathophysiology. Initially, data from the peer-reviewed literature and the GeneCards database were compiled to identify the genes that HBV and seven drugs (acetaminophen, isoniazid, alcohol, D-galactosamine, lipopolysaccharide, thioacetamide, and rifampicin) regulate. Functional enrichment analysis was performed in the STRING server. The network HBV/Chemical, genes, and pathways were constructed by Cytoscape 3.6.1. About 1546 genes were modulated by HBV, of which 25.2% and 17.6% of the genes were common for alcohol and lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatitis. In accordance with the enrichment analysis, HBV activates the signaling pathways for apoptosis, cell cycle, PI3K-Akt, TNF, JAK-STAT, MAPK, chemokines, NF-kappa B, and TGF-beta. In addition, alcohol and lipopolysaccharide significantly activated these pathways more than other chemicals, with higher gene counts and lower FDR scores. In conclusion, alcohol-induced hepatitis could be a suitable model to study chronic HBV infection and lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatitis for an acute inflammatory response to HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal S Patil
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Darasaguppe R Harish
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Ganesh H Sampat
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Subarna Roy
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Sunil S Jalalpure
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Pukar Khanal
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Swarup S Gujarathi
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Harsha V Hegde
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India
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25
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Tret'yakova LV, Kvichansky AA, Barkovskaya ES, Manolova AO, Bolshakov AP, Gulyaeva NV. Ambiguous Contribution of Glucocorticosteroids to Acute Neuroinflammation in the Hippocampus of Rat. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11147. [PMID: 37446324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Effects of modulation of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors (GR and MR, respectively) on acute neuroinflammatory response were studied in the dorsal (DH) and ventral (VH) parts of the hippocampus of male Wistar rats. Local neuroinflammatory response was induced by administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to the DH. The modulation of GR and MR was performed by dexamethasone (GR activation), mifepristone, and spironolactone (GR and MR inhibition, respectively). Experimental drugs were delivered to the dentate gyrus of the DH bilaterally by stereotaxic injections. Dexamethasone, mifepristone, and spironolactone were administered either alone (basal conditions) or in combination with LPS (neuroinflammatory conditions). Changes in expression levels of neuroinflammation-related genes and morphology of microglia 3 days after intrahippocampal administration of above substances were assessed. Dexamethasone alone induced a weak proinflammatory response in the hippocampal tissue, while neither mifepristone nor spironolactone showed significant effects. During LPS-induced neuroinflammation, GR activation suppressed expression of selected inflammatory genes, though it did not prevent appearance of activated forms of microglia. In contrast to GR activation, GR or MR inhibition had virtually no influence on LPS-induced inflammatory response. The results suggest glucocorticosteroids ambiguously modulate specific aspects of neuroinflammatory response in the hippocampus of rats at molecular and cellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya V Tret'yakova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Kvichansky
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina S Barkovskaya
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna O Manolova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey P Bolshakov
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V Gulyaeva
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia
- Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry of Moscow Healthcare Department, 115419 Moscow, Russia
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Takami Y, Tanaka M, Izawa T, Kuwamura M, Yamate J. The effect of lipopolysaccharide on liver homeostasis and diseases based on the mutual interaction of macrophages, autophagy, and damage-associated molecular patterns in male F344/DuCrlCrlj rats. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:461-472. [PMID: 37199489 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231173364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has dose-dependent biphasic functions (cell protective versus cell toxic). To clarify the different effects of LPS on liver homeostasis or liver diseases, comparisons were made between low and high doses of LPS, in terms of the mutual relation of hepatic macrophages, autophagy, and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in male F344/DuCrlCrlj rats. Rats injected with low dose (0.1 mg/kg) or high dose (2.0 mg/kg) of LPS were examined at 6, 10, and 24 hours following single injections. Histologically, focal hepatocellular necrosis was occasionally present in high-dose animals, whereas there were no significant changes in low-dose animals. In low-dose animals, Kupffer cells reacting to CD163 and CD204 were hypertrophic and regarded as M2 macrophages, which promote resolution of inflammation and tissue repair, whereas in high-dose animals, infiltration of M1 macrophages expressing CD68 and major histocompatibility complex class II, which enhance cell injury, was seen. Hepatocytes with high-mobility-group box-1 (HMGB1) (one of DAMPs)-positive cytoplasmic granules appeared more frequently in high-dose animals than in low-dose animals, indicating the translocation of nuclear HMGB1 into the cytoplasm. However, although light-chain 3 beta-positive autophagosomes in hepatocytes increased in both doses, abnormally vacuolated autophagosomes were only seen in injured hepatocytes in the high-dose group, indicating possible extracellular release of HMGB1, which might result in cell injury and inflammation. These findings suggested that low-dose LPS induced a favorable mutual relationship among hepatic macrophages, autophagy, and DAMPs leading to cytoprotection of hepatocytes, whereas failures of the relationship in high-dose LPS caused hepatocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takami
- Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Japan
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Xie L, Zhou C, Wu Y, Fu X, Zhang G, Han X, Xie S, Chen G, Xu H, Deng B, Liu B, Zhou Y, Li A. Wenqingyin suppresses ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced liver injury by activating the Nrf2-mediated signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154748. [PMID: 36933519 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wenqingyin (WQY) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine formula used to treat various inflammatory diseases. However, its protective activity against ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced liver injury and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the therapeutic efficacy and potential mechanism of action of WQY in sepsis-induced liver injury both in vivo and in vitro. METHODS In vivo: Lipopolysaccharide was intraperitoneally injected into nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) knockout (Nrf2-/-) and wild-type mice to construct a septic liver injury mouse model. Experimental mice were intraperitoneally injected with ferroptosis-1 and intragastrically administered WQY. In vitro: LO2 hepatocytes were stimulated with erastin to activate ferroptosis and later treated with varying concentrations of WQY and an Nrf2 inhibitor (ML385). Pathological damage was evaluated following hematoxylin and eosin staining. Lipid peroxidation levels were assessed using malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione, as well as reactive oxygen species fluorescent probes. JC-1 staining was performed to evaluate the mitochondrial membrane potential damage. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay were performed to detect the related gene and protein levels. The levels of inflammatory factors were measured using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay kits. RESULTS In vivo, sepsis-induced liver injury activated ferroptosis in mouse liver tissue. Fer-1 and WQY attenuated septic liver injury, which was associated with increased Nrf2 expression. Deletion of the Nrf2 gene led to aggravation of septic liver injury. The effect of WQY on the attenuation of septic liver injury was partially abolished by the knockdown of Nrf2. In vitro, erastin-induced ferroptosis resulted in decreased hepatocyte viability, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial membrane potential damage. WQY protected hepatocytes from erastin-induced ferroptosis by activating Nrf2. The attenuation effect of ferroptosis in hepatocytes by WQY was partially abolished by the inhibition of Nrf2. CONCLUSION Ferroptosis has a critical role in the development of sepsis-mediated liver injury. Inhibition of ferroptosis is a possible novel treatment strategy for alleviating septic liver injury. WQY attenuates sepsis-mediated liver injury by suppressing ferroptosis in hepatocytes, which is related to its ability to activate Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingpeng Xie
- Department of Hepatology, Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China
| | - Chuying Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603, China
| | - Xiuqiong Fu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Guoyong Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xin Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shuwen Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Guanghong Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Honglin Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Yingchun Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Aimin Li
- Department of Hepatology, Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China.
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Duan G, Huang P, Zheng C, Zheng J, Yu J, Zhang P, Wan M, Li F, Guo Q, Yin Y, Duan Y. Development and Recovery of Liver Injury in Piglets by Incremental Injection of LPS. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1143. [PMID: 37371873 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effects of the incremental injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on liver histopathology, inflammation, oxidative status, and mitochondrial function in piglets. Forty healthy Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire castrated boars (21 ± 2 days old, weight 6.84 ± 0.11 kg) were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 8) and then slaughtered on days 0 (group 0, without LPS injection), 1 (group 1), 5 (group 5), 9 (group 9), and 15 (group 15) of LPS injection, respectively. The results showed that, compared to the piglets without LPS injection, LPS injection caused liver injury in the early phase, as manifested by the increased activities of serum liver injury-related parameters (aspartate amino transferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, cholinesterase, and total bile acid) on day 1, and impaired liver morphology (disordered hepatic cell cord arrangement, dissolved and vacuolized hepatocytes, karyopycnosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration and congestion) on days 1 and 5. Meanwhile, LPS injection caused liver inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction on days 1 and 5, as reflected by the upregulated mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB; increased MPO and MDA content; and impaired mitochondrial morphology. However, these parameters were ameliorated in the later phase (days 9~15). Taken together, our data indicate that the incremental injection of the LPS-induced liver injury of piglets could be self-repaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geyan Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pan Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Changbing Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiayi Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peiwen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Mengliao Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Fengna Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiuping Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Thilakarathna WPDW, Langille MGI, Rupasinghe HPV. Hepatotoxicity of polymeric proanthocyanidins is caused by translocation of bacterial lipopolysaccharides through impaired gut epithelium. Toxicol Lett 2023; 379:35-47. [PMID: 36935082 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric proanthocyanidins (P-PAC) induced hepatotoxicity in C57BL/6 mice. Mice were supplemented with P-PAC alone or with a mixture of probiotic bacteria (PB), Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Akkermansia muciniphila for 14 consecutive days. The liver tissues of sacrificed mice were analyzed by mass spectrometry to identify and quantify the P-PAC metabolites. Potential P-PAC metabolites, 2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and pyrocatechol were detected in higher concentrations and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid was detected exclusively in the mice supplemented with P-PAC and PB. Supplementation with P-PAC alone or with PB caused no shift in the α-diversity of mice gut microbiota. P-PAC induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice through increasing liver exposure to intestinal bacterial lipopolysaccharides by reducing expression of gut epithelial tight junction proteins, claudin-3 and occludin. Lipopolysaccharide concentrations in the livers of mice supplemented with P-PAC were significantly high compared to the control mice. Furthermore, P-PAC downregulated the expressions of claudin-3 and claudin-4 tight junction proteins in cultured Caco-2 cell monolayers. PB biotransformed P-PAC into bioavailable metabolites and potentially reduced the toxicity of P-PAC. The toxicity of P-PAC and their synbiotics need to be critically evaluated for the safety of human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasitha P D W Thilakarathna
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Morgan G I Langille
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Miao F, Geng S, Ning D. Hydroxytyrosol ameliorates LPS-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in mice by modulating the balance between M1/M2 phenotype macrophage and inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB activation. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
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Hosokawa K, Obara H, Fukuda K, Mastubara K, Kitagawa Y. Specificity of Presepsin as a Biomarker of Bacterial Infection in Mouse Sepsis Models. J Surg Res 2023; 283:572-580. [PMID: 36442256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since its discovery in 2002, presepsin (P-SEP) has been reported to be useful in the early diagnosis of sepsis and has been evaluated in many clinical studies. However, as antibodies that bind to mouse P-SEP were previously unavailable, serum P-SEP levels in mice are limited. This study used a P-SEP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit to evaluate the changes in serum P-SEP levels in mouse sepsis models compared with changes in other inflammatory markers and determine whether P-SEP can function as a biomarker specific to bacterial infections. METHODS Sepsis was induced in mice via cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), induction with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and cecal ligation (CL) model was created as a control for the CLP model, following which clinical biomarkers (P-SEP, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin) were evaluated. RESULTS The 48-h survival rates in the CLP, CL, and LPS-induced sepsis models were 67%, 89%, and 57%, respectively. Serum C-reactive protein levels did not increase in the CLP and CL models within 24 h but significantly increased in the LPS-induced sepsis model. Serum procalcitonin levels increased in the CLP and CL models and especially increased in the LPS-induced sepsis model. In contrast, an increase in serum P-SEP level was found in the CLP model at 6 h compared with those at baseline, the CL, and LPS-induced sepsis models. CONCLUSIONS Mouse P-SEP is elevated early in infection and more specific to bacterial infection compared with other biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Hosokawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Obara
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kazumasa Fukuda
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Mastubara
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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Yang T, Zhao S, Sun N, Zhao Y, Wang H, Zhang Y, Hou X, Tang Y, Gao X, Fan H. Network pharmacology and in vivo studies reveal the pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of Celastrol against acute hepatic injury induced by LPS. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109898. [PMID: 36827925 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is currently the main factor of death in the ICU, and the liver, as an important organ of immunity and stable metabolism, can be acutely damaged during sepsis, and the mortality rate of patients with sepsis complicated by acute liver injury is greatly increased. Celastrol (CEL) is derived from the root bark of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f.. As a traditional Chinese medicine, CEL has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, and other biological activities. Obtain CEL and AHI intersection targets via database and construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) network by STRING. GO functional enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses were performed by R studio. Targets were finally selected to perform molecular docking simulations with CEL. In vivo experiments based on the model of AHI were established by intraperitoneal injection of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 4 h, and pre-treated with CEL (0.5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg). The results are as follows: 273 genes with the intersection of CEL and AHI were obtained, and GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were used to design the mechanism of inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress-related injury. By constructing the PPI network selected top 10 targets are: STAT3, RELA, MAPK1, MAPK3, TP53, AKT1, HSP90AA1, JUN, TNF, MAPK14, predicted CEL protection AHI design related pathways of MAPK and PI3K/AKT-related signal pathways. In vivo experiments, CEL inhibited the activation of MAPK and PI3K/AKT related pathways, reduced inflammatory response, apoptosis, and oxidative stress, and significantly improved LPS-induced AHI. In summary, this study predicted the mechanisms involved in the protective effect of CEL on AHI through network pharmacology. In vivo, CEL inhibited MAPK and PI3K/AKT-related signaling pathways, and reduced inflammatory response, apoptosis, and oxidative stress to protect LPS-induced AHI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Yang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Shuping Zhao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Ning Sun
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yuntong Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Hou
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yulin Tang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China.
| | - Honggang Fan
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China.
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Zhai H, Zhang J, Shang D, Zhu C, Xiang X. The progress to establish optimal animal models for the study of acute-on-chronic liver failure. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1087274. [PMID: 36844207 PMCID: PMC9947362 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1087274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) defines a complicated and multifaceted syndrome characterized by acute liver dysfunction following an acute insult on the basis of chronic liver diseases. It is usually concurrent with bacterial infection and multi-organ failure resulting in high short-term mortality. Based on the cohort studies in ACLF worldwide, the clinical course of ACLF was demonstrated to comprise three major stages including chronic liver injury, acute hepatic/extrahepatic insult, and systemic inflammatory response caused by over-reactive immune system especially bacterial infection. However, due to the lack of optimal experimental animal models for ACLF, the progress of basic study on ACLF is limping. Though several experimental ACLF models were established, none of them can recapitulate and simulate the whole pathological process of ACLF patients. Recently, we have developed a novel mouse model for ACLF combining chronic liver injury [injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for 8 weeks], acute hepatic insult (injection of a double dose CCl4), and bacterial infection (intraperitoneal injection of Klebsiella pneumoniae), which could recapitulate the major clinical features of patients with ACLF worsened by bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengben Zhai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dabao Shang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanwu Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, China,Chuanwu Zhu,
| | - Xiaogang Xiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Translational Lab of Liver Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Xiaogang Xiang,
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Endothelial Toll-like receptor 4 is required for microglia activation in the murine retina after systemic lipopolysaccharide exposure. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:25. [PMID: 36739425 PMCID: PMC9899393 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02712-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clustering of microglia around the vasculature has been reported in the retina and the brain after systemic administration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in mice. LPS acts via activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TRL4), which is expressed in several cell types including microglia, monocytes and vascular endothelial cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of systemic LPS in the pigmented mouse retina and the involvement of endothelial TLR4 in LPS-induced retinal microglia activation. METHODS C57BL/6J, conditional knockout mice that lack Tlr4 expression selectively on endothelial cells (TekCre-posTlr4loxP/loxP) and TekCre-negTlr4loxP/loxP mice were used. The mice were injected with 1 mg/kg LPS via the tail vein once per day for a total of 4 days. Prior to initiation of LPS injections and approximately 5 h after the last injection, in vivo imaging using fluorescein angiography and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography was performed. Immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, electroretinography and transmission electron microscopy were utilized to investigate the role of endothelial TLR4 in LPS-induced microglia activation and retinal function. RESULTS Activation of microglia, infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages, impaired ribbon synapse organization and retinal dysfunction were observed after the LPS exposure in C57BL/6J and TekCre-negTlr4loxP/loxP mice. None of these effects were observed in the retinas of conditional Tlr4 knockout mice after the LPS challenge. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study suggest that systemic LPS exposure can have detrimental effects in the healthy retina and that TLR4 expressed on endothelial cells is essential for retinal microglia activation and retinal dysfunction upon systemic LPS challenge. This important finding provides new insights into the role of microglia-endothelial cell interaction in inflammatory retinal disease.
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Babu G, Mohanty B. Neurotensin modulation of lipopolysaccharide induced inflammation of gut-liver axis: Evaluation using neurotensin receptor agonist and antagonist. Neuropeptides 2023; 97:102297. [PMID: 36368076 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2022.102297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a toxic component of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, is a potent immune stressor. LPS-induced inflammation of the gut-liver axis is well demonstrated. Neurotensin (NTS), a tri-decapeptide present in the gastrointestinal tract, has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and growth-promoting properties. This study elucidated the efficacy of PD149163, the type I NTS receptor agonist (NTS1) in the modulation of LPS-induced inflammation of the gut-liver axis of mice. Young-adult female mice (Age: 8 weeks; BW: 25 ± 2.5 g) were maintained in six groups (6/group); Group I as control and Group II, III & IV were exposed to LPS (1 mg/kg BW/Day; i.p.) for five days. LPS pre-exposed Group III and Group IV mice were treated with NTS1 agonist PD149163 (100 μg/kg BW i.p.) and antagonist SR48692 (0.5 mg/kg BW i.p.) respectively for 28 days. Group V and Group VI mice were exposed to only PD149163 and only SR48692 respectively with the doses as mentioned above for 28 days. Group I and LPS-exposed Group II mice were also maintained four weeks without further treatment. Histopathology revealed LPS-induced inflammation of the gut and liver. Significant elevation of plasma TNF-α and IL-6 and serum ALT and AST reflected as biomarkers of inflammation. Oxidative stress on both organs was distinct from decreased glutathione reductase and increased lipid peroxidation. PD149163 but not SR48692 ameliorated LPS-induced inflammation in both gut and liver counteracting inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. The use of NTS agonists including PD149163 could be exploited for therapeutic intervention of inflammatory diseases including that of the gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyan Babu
- Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211002, India
| | - Banalata Mohanty
- Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211002, India.
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Francis MR, El-Sheakh AR, Suddek GM. Saroglitazar, a dual PPAR-α/γ agonist, alleviates LPS-induced hepatic and renal injury in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109688. [PMID: 36681027 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin within gram-negative bacteria, is associated with systemic acute inflammatory response after invading living tissues and results in sepsis. The liver and kidney are both major target organs in sepsis. Septic acute hepatic-renal injury is a serious clinical condition with high risk of morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, effective treatment is still lacking. AIM This study highlights saroglitazar (SAR), a dual PPAR-α/γ agonist, as a proposed prophylactic drug against LPS-induced hepatic-renal injury. MAIN METHODS Rats were pretreated with SAR (2 and 4 mg/kg/day) for 15 days, while sepsis was induced by LPS injection (10 mg/kg) on day 15 one hour following SAR oral administration. KEY FINDINGS SAR pretreatment could successfully mitigate LPS-induced hepatic-renal injury, evidenced by enhancement of renal and hepatic functions and a decrease of tissue pathological injury. Meanwhile, SAR alleviated LPS-induced oxidative stress; it reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and ameliorated decreased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). LPS-induced elevations in hepatic and renal nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), phosphorylated inhibitor of kappa B alpha (p-IκBα), interferon-beta (IFN-β), and hepatic high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) contents were significantly attenuated in SAR-treated groups. SAR showed an advantageous impact against LPS-induced activation of non-canonical inflammasome and pyroptosis via a significant reduction in cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-11 (Caspase-11) and gasdermin D (GSDMD) expressions. Moreover, Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain (NOD)-Like Receptor Protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation with concomitant expression and activation of caspase-1 and release of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) were considerably diminished following SAR pretreatment. SIGNIFICANCE SAR could be considered a prophylactic anti-inflammatory antioxidant drug against LPS-induced liver and kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina R Francis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed R El-Sheakh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Suddek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Zhang H, Yuan Z, Wang J, Tang Q, Miao Y, Yuan Z, Huang X, Zhu Y, Nong C, Zhang L, Jiang Z, Yu Q. Triptolide leads to hepatic intolerance to exogenous lipopolysaccharide and natural-killer-cell mediated hepatocellular damage by inhibiting MHC class I molecules. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154621. [PMID: 36610139 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F (TWHF) is used as a traditional Chinese medicine, called thunder god vine, based on its efficacy for treating inflammatory diseases. However, its hepatotoxicity has limited its clinical application. Triptolide (TP) is the major active and toxic component of TWHF. Previous studies reported that a toxic pretreatment dose of TP leads to hepatic intolerance to exogenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, and to acute liver failure, in mice, but the immune mechanisms of TP-sensitised hepatocytes and the TP-induced excessive immune response to LPS stimulation are unknown. PURPOSE To identify both the key immune cell population and mechanism involved in TP-induced hepatic intolerance of exogenous LPS. STUDY DESIGN In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to investigate the inhibitory signal of natural killer (NK) cells maintained in hepatocytes, and the ability of TP to impair that signal. METHODS Flow cytometry was performed to determine NK cell activity and hepatocyte histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules expression; the severity of liver injury was determined based on blood chemistry values, and drug- or cell-mediated hepatocellular damage, by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. In vivo H-2Kb transduction was carried out using an adeno-associated viral vector. RESULTS Interferon (IFN)-γ-mediated necroptosis occurred in C57BL/6N mice treated with 500 μg TP/kg and 0.1 mg LPS/kg to induce fulminant hepatitis. Primary hepatocytes pretreated with TP were more prone to necroptosis when exposed to recombinant murine IFN-γ. In mice administered TP and LPS, the intracellular IFN-γ levels of NK cells increased significantly. Subsequent study confirmed that NK cells were activated and resulted in potent hepatocellular toxicity. In vivo and in vitro TP administration significantly inhibited MHC class I molecules in murine hepatocytes. An in vitro analysis demonstrated the susceptibility of TP-pretreated hepatocytes to NK-cell-mediated cytotoxicity, an effect that was significantly attenuated by the induction of hepatocyte MHC-I molecules by IFN-α. In vivo induction or overexpression of hepatocyte MHC-I also protected mouse liver against TP and LPS-induced injury. CONCLUSION The TP-induced inhibition of hepatocyte MHC-I molecules expression leads to hepatic intolerance to exogenous LPS and NK-cell mediated cytotoxicity against self-hepatocytes. These findings shed light on the toxicity of traditional Chinese medicines administered for their immunomodulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zihang Yuan
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jie Wang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qianhui Tang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yingying Miao
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ziqiao Yuan
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xinliang Huang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Cheng Nong
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Qinwei Yu
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Effects of Continuous LPS Induction on Oxidative Stress and Liver Injury in Weaned Piglets. Vet Sci 2022; 10:vetsci10010022. [PMID: 36669023 PMCID: PMC9865882 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to imperfections in their immune and digestive systems, weaned piglets are susceptible to invasions of the external environment and diseases, especially bacterial infections, which lead to slow growth, tissue damage, and even the death of piglets. Here, a model of weaned piglets induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was established to explore the effects of continuous low-dose LPS induction on the mechanism of liver injury. A total of forty-eight healthy 28-day-old weaned piglets (weight = 6.65 ± 1.19 kg) were randomly divided into two groups: the CON group and LPS group. During the experimental period of thirteen days, the LPS group was injected intraperitoneally with LPS (100 μg/kg) once per day, and the CON group was treated with the same volume of 0.9% NaCl solution. On the 1st, 5th, 9th, and 13th days, the serum and liver of the piglets were collected for the determination of serum biochemical indexes, an antioxidant capacity evaluation, and histopathological examinations. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of the TLR4 pathway and inflammatory cytokines were detected. The results showed that the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the serum increased after LPS induction. The activities of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the serum and liver homogenate of the LPS group were lower than those of the CON group, while the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the serum and the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver of the LPS group were higher than those in the CON group. At the same time, morphological impairment of the livers occurred, including hepatocyte caryolysis, hepatocyte vacuolization, karyopycnosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration, and the mRNA expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 were upregulated in the livers after LPS induction. The above results were more obvious on the 1st and 5th days of LPS induction, while the trend during the later period was not significant. It was concluded that the oxidative stress and liver injury occurred at the early stage of LPS induction, while the liver damage weakened at the later stage. The weaned piglets probably gradually developed tolerance to the endotoxin after the continuous low-dose induction of LPS.
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Li P, Guo X, Liu T, Liu Q, Yang J, Liu G. Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Effects of Piperlongumine Derivative PL 1-3-Loaded Albumin Nanoparticles on Lipopolysaccharide/d-Galactosamine-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:4576-4587. [PMID: 35971845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, piperlongumine (PL) having specific cytotoxicity has attracted considerable attention for anticancer activity. Through structural modification, the active derivative PL 1-3 shows potential anti-inflammatory activity and low cytotoxicity, but its water solubility is low. Here, PL 1-3-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (1-3 NPs) were prepared and characterized, which can improve the dissolution. 1-3 NPs exhibited effective hepatoprotective effects on lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury of mice, which was similar to liver injury in clinical settings. 1-3 NPs treatment can inhibit inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis via the downregulation of NF-κB signaling pathways, the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways, and the inhibition of expression of Bax and caspase 3 proteins. The above results demonstrated that PL 1-3-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles possessed potential value in intervention of inflammation-based liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, 1 Hunan Street, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, 1 Hunan Street, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, 1 Hunan Street, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Qing Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, 1 Hunan Street, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, 1 Hunan Street, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Guoyun Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, 1 Hunan Street, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
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Khodayari N, Oshins R, Aranyos AM, Duarte S, Mostofizadeh S, Lu Y, Brantly M. Characterization of hepatic inflammatory changes in a C57BL/6J mouse model of alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G594-G608. [PMID: 36256438 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00207.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a genetic disease caused by a hepatic accumulation of mutant alpha-1 antitrypsin (ZAAT). Individuals with AATD are prone to develop a chronic liver disease that remains undiagnosed until late stage of the disease. Here, we sought to characterize the liver pathophysiology of a human transgenic mouse model for AATD with a manifestation of liver disease compared with normal transgenic mice model. Male and female transgenic mice for normal (Pi*M) and mutant variant (Pi*Z) human alpha-1 antitrypsin at 3 and 6 mo of age were subjected to this study. The progression of hepatic ZAAT accumulation, hepatocyte injury, steatosis, liver inflammation, and fibrotic features were monitored by performing an in vivo study. We have also performed a Next-Gene transcriptomic analysis of the transgenic mice liver tissue 16 h after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration to delineate liver inflammatory response in Pi*Z mice as compared with Pi*M. Our results show hepatic ZAAT accumulation, followed by hepatocyte ballooning and liver steatosis developed at 3 mo in Pi*Z mice compared with the mice carrying normal variant of human alpha-1 antitrypsin. We observed higher levels of hepatic immune cell infiltrations in both 3- and 6-mo-old Pi*Z mice compared with Pi*M as an indication of liver inflammation. Liver fibrosis was observed as accumulation of collagen in 6-mo-old Pi*Z liver tissues compared with Pi*M control mice. Furthermore, the transcriptomic analysis revealed a dysregulated liver immune response to LPS in Pi*Z mice compared with Pi*M. Of particular interest for translational work, this study aims to establish a mouse model of AATD with a strong manifestation of liver disease that will be a valuable in vivo tool to study the pathophysiology of AATD-mediated liver disease. Our data suggest that the human transgenic mouse model of AATD could provide a suitable model for the evaluation of therapeutic approaches and preventive reagents against AATD-mediated liver disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We have characterized a mouse model of human alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency with a strong manifestation of liver disease that can be used as an in vivo tool to test preventive and therapeutic reagents. Our data explores the altered immunophenotype of alpha-1 antitrypsin-deficient liver macrophages and suggests a relationship between acute inflammation, immune response, and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Khodayari
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Regina Oshins
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Alek M Aranyos
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Sergio Duarte
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Sayedamin Mostofizadeh
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Yuanqing Lu
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mark Brantly
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Kim SH, Baek SI, Jung J, Lee ES, Na Y, Hwang BY, Roh YS, Hong JT, Han SB, Kim Y. Chemical inhibition of TRAF6-TAK1 axis as therapeutic strategy of endotoxin-induced liver disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113688. [PMID: 36150308 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is exposed to gut-derived bacterial endotoxin via portal circulation, and recognizes it through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates the self-ubiquitination of ubiquitin ligase TRAF6, which is linked to scaffold with protein kinase TAK1 for auto-phosphorylation and subsequent activation. TAK1 activity is a signal transducer in the activating pathways of transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1 for production of various cytokines. Here, we hypothesized that TRAF6-TAK1 axis would be implicated in endotoxin-induced liver disease. Following exposure to endotoxin LPS, TLR4-mediated phosphorylation of TAK1 and transcription of cell-death cytokine TNF-α were triggered in Kupffer cells but not in hepatocytes as well as TNF receptor-mediated and caspase-3-executed apoptosis was occurred in D-galactosamine (GalN)-sensitized hepatocytes under co-culture with Kupffer cells. Treatment with pyridinylmethylene benzothiophene (PMBT) improved endotoxin LPS-induced hepatocyte apoptosis in GalN-sensitized C57BL/6 mice via suppressing NF-κB- and AP-1-regulated expression of TNF-α in Kupffer cells, and rescued the mice from hepatic damage-associated bleeding and death. As a mechanism, PMBT directly inhibited Lys 63-linked ubiquitination of TRAF6, and mitigated scaffold assembly between TRAF6 and the TAK1-activator adaptors TAB1 and TAB2 complex in Kupffer cells. Thereby, PMBT interrupted TRAF6 ubiquitination-induced activation of TAK1 activity in the TLR4-mediated signal cascade leading to TNF-α production. However, PMBT did not directly affect the apoptotic activity of TNF-α on GalN-sensitized hepatocytes. Finally, we propose chemical inhibition of TRAF6-TAK1 axis in Kupffer cells as a strategy for treating liver disease due to gut-derived endotoxin or Gram-negative bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Hee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, South Korea
| | - Seung-Il Baek
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, South Korea
| | - Jihye Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, South Korea
| | - Eung-Seok Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Younghwa Na
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Pocheon 11160, South Korea
| | - Bang Yeon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Roh
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, South Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, South Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, South Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, South Korea.
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Zhang H, Yuan Z, Zhu Y, Yuan Z, Wang J, Nong C, Zhou S, Tang Q, Zhang L, Jiang Z, Yu Q. Th17/Treg imbalance mediates hepatic intolerance to exogenous lipopolysaccharide and exacerbates liver injury in triptolide induced excessive immune response. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 295:115422. [PMID: 35654348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Triptolide (TP) is a major active ingredient and toxic component of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF), which exhibits multiple activities and remarkable hepatotoxicity, the latter of which limits its clinical application due to the risk of liver injury. Previous research has revealed the hepatotoxicity of TP resulting in liver hypersensitivity upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. However, existing research has not elucidated the potential immune mechanism such as Th17/Treg imbalance in TP-induced hepatic excessive immune response to exogenous LPS. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the role of Th17/Treg imbalance in TP-induced hepatic excessive immune response to exogenous LPS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were administered with TP, LPS, neutralization antibody and small molecule inhibitor respectively. Serum transaminase level was measured to determine the severity of liver injury. Frequencies of liver Th17 and Treg cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Serum cytokine levels were performed by ELSIA, and mRNA levels of liver cytokine were performed by qPCR. The status of neutrophil infiltration was performed by myeloperoxidase (MPO) IHC measurement. Morphological observation of liver was performed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. RESULTS Mice given a single intragastric dose of TP (500 μg/kg) developed lethal fulminant hepatitis following intraperitoneal injection of LPS (0.1 mg/kg), characterized by low survival rate, severe liver injury, high levels of inflammation and neutrophil infiltration. Hepatic Th17/Treg imbalance emerged together with liver injury in these mice. Neutralization of IL-17A attenuated the liver injury and ameliorated the neutrophil infiltration. The TP-induced alteration of hepatic Th17/Treg balance was closely related to the outcome of immune-mediated acute liver injury triggered by LPS. Pretreatment with the STAT3 inhibitor AG490 effectively restored Th17/Treg balance, significantly reducing the production of IL-17A and finally attenuating the degree of liver injury. CONCLUSION Hepatic Th17/Treg imbalance not only exacerbates TP- and LPS-induced liver injury, but also serves as an indispensable part in the mechanisms of TP-induced hepatic intolerance to exogenous endotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ziqiao Yuan
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zihang Yuan
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jie Wang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Cheng Nong
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shaoyun Zhou
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qianhui Tang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Qinwei Yu
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Larsson J, Hoppe E, Gautrois M, Cvijovic M, Jirstrand M. Optimizing study design in LPS challenge studies for quantifying drug induced inhibition of TNFα response: Did we miss the prime time? Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 176:106256. [PMID: 35820630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In this work we evaluate the study design of LPS challenge experiments used for quantification of drug induced inhibition of TNFα response and provide general guidelines of how to improve the study design. Analysis of model simulated data, using a recently published TNFα turnover model, as well as the optimal design tool PopED have been used to find the optimal values of three key study design variables - time delay between drug and LPS administration, LPS dose, and sampling time points - that in turn could make the resulting TNFα response data more informative. Our findings suggest that the current rule of thumb for choosing the time delay should be reconsidered, and that the placement of the measurements after maximal TNFα response are crucial for the quality of the experiment. Furthermore, a literature study summarizing a wide range of published LPS challenge studies is provided, giving a broader perspective of how LPS challenge studies are usually conducted both in a preclinical and clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Larsson
- Fraunhofer-Chalmers Centre, Chalmers Science Park, Gothenburg 412 88, Sweden; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden.
| | | | | | - Marija Cvijovic
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Mats Jirstrand
- Fraunhofer-Chalmers Centre, Chalmers Science Park, Gothenburg 412 88, Sweden
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Tampio J, Markowicz-Piasecka M, Montaser A, Rysä J, Kauppinen A, Huttunen KM. L-type Amino Acid Transporter 1 Utilizing Ferulic Acid Derivatives Show Increased Drug Delivery in the Mouse Pancreas Along with Decreased Lipid Peroxidation and Prostaglandin Production. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3806-3819. [PMID: 36027044 PMCID: PMC9644403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Oxidative stress and pathological changes of Alzheimer’s
disease (AD) overlap with metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus
(DM). Therefore, tackling oxidative stress with antioxidants is a
compelling drug target against multiple chronic diseases simultaneously.
Ferulic acid (FA), a natural antioxidant, has previously been studied
as a therapeutic agent against both AD and DM. However, FA suffers
from poor bioavailability and delivery. As a solution, we have previously
reported about L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1)-utilizing derivatives
with increased brain delivery and efficacy. In the present study,
we evaluated the pharmacokinetics and antioxidative efficacy of the
two derivatives in peripheral mouse tissues. Furthermore, we quantified
the LAT1 expression in studied tissues with a targeted proteomics
method to verify the transporter expression in mouse tissues. Additionally,
the safety of the derivatives was assessed by exploring their effects
on hemostasis in human plasma, erythrocytes, and endothelial cells.
We found that both derivatives accumulated substantially in the pancreas,
with over a 100-times higher area under curve compared to the FA.
Supporting the pharmacokinetics, the LAT1 was highly expressed in
the mouse pancreas. Treating mice with the LAT1-utilizing derivative
of FA lowered malondialdehyde and prostaglandin E2 production
in the pancreas, highlighting its antioxidative efficacy. Additionally,
the LAT1-utilizing derivatives were found to be hemocompatible in
human plasma and endothelial cells. Since antioxidative derivative
1 was substantially delivered into the pancreas along the previously
studied brain, the derivative can be considered as a safe dual-targeting
drug candidate in both the pancreas and the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Tampio
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211Kuopio, Finland
| | - Magdalena Markowicz-Piasecka
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151Lodz, Poland
| | - Ahmed Montaser
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaana Rysä
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anu Kauppinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kristiina M Huttunen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211Kuopio, Finland
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Red Palm Oil Ameliorates Oxidative Challenge and Inflammatory Responses Associated with Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Hepatic Injury by Modulating NF-κβ and Nrf2/GCL/HO-1 Signaling Pathways in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081629. [PMID: 36009348 PMCID: PMC9404920 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a well-conserved cell wall component of Gram positive bacteria, exerts its toxic effects via inducing oxidative and pro-inflammatory responses. Red palm oil (RPO) is a unique natural product with a balanced ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, with reported antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we assess the protective effect and mechanistic action of RPO using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatic injury model. Male Wistar rats were assigned into four groups (10 animals/group): normal control (NC), RPO, LPS and RPO + LPS. Animals in the RPO and RPO + LPS groups were administered RPO (200 μL/day) for 28 days. On the 27th day of experiment, animals in LPS and RPO + LPS groups were injected with LPS (0.5 mg/kg body weight). Animals were sacrificed 24 h later, and blood and liver tissues harvested for biochemical and molecular analysis. RPO resolved hepatic histological dysfunction induced by LPS, and lowered alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and γ-glutamyl transferase activities in the serum. Hepatic malondialdehyde and conjugated dienes, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and TNFα were significantly diminished (p < 0.05) by RPO pre-treatment. Activity of hepatic antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, as well as glutathione redox status (GSH:GSSG), and markers of antioxidant capacity that decreased as a result of LPS injection were improved by RPO pre-treatment. Mechanistically, RPO up-regulated mRNA expression of redox sensitive transcription factor Nrf2 and its downstream targets GCL and HO-1, while also suppressing the expression of NFκβ and associated inflammatory protein, Iκβ kinase (IκKβ). In conclusion, this study highlights the ameliorating effects of RPO against LPS-induced hepatic injury and revealed the Nrf2/GCL/HO-1 and NFκβ signaling axis as potential contributing mechanisms.
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46
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Luo WJ, Yu SL, Chang CC, Chien MH, Chang YL, Liao KM, Lin PC, Chung KP, Chuang YH, Chen JJW, Yang PC, Su KY. HLJ1 amplifies endotoxin-induced sepsis severity by promoting IL-12 heterodimerization in macrophages. eLife 2022; 11:76094. [PMID: 35983991 PMCID: PMC9457701 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein (HSP) 40 has emerged as a key factor in both innate and adaptive immunity, whereas the role of HLJ1, a molecular chaperone in HSP40 family, in modulating endotoxin-induced sepsis severity is still unclear. During lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxic shock, HLJ1 knockout mice shows reduced organ injury and IFN-γ (interferon-γ)-dependent mortality. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we characterize mouse liver nonparenchymal cell populations under LPS stimulation, and show that HLJ1 deletion affected IFN-γ-related gene signatures in distinct immune cell clusters. In CLP models, HLJ1 deletion reduces IFN-γ expression and sepsis mortality rate when mice are treated with antibiotics. HLJ1 deficiency also leads to reduced serum levels of IL-12 in LPS-treated mice, contributing to dampened production of IFN-γ in natural killer cells but not CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, and subsequently to improved survival rate. Adoptive transfer of HLJ1-deleted macrophages into LPS-treated mice results in reduced IL-12 and IFN-γ levels and protects the mice from IFN-γ-dependent mortality. In the context of molecular mechanisms, HLJ1 is an LPS-inducible protein in macrophages and converts misfolded IL-12p35 homodimers to monomers, which maintains bioactive IL-12p70 heterodimerization and secretion. This study suggests HLJ1 causes IFN-γ-dependent septic lethality by promoting IL-12 heterodimerization, and targeting HLJ1 has therapeutic potential in inflammatory diseases involving activated IL-12/IFN-γ axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jia Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Liang Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hui Chien
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Mao Liao
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Pin Chung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Chuang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeremy J W Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Yi Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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47
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The Role of Rumen Microbiota and Its Metabolites in Subacute Ruminal Acidosis (SARA)-Induced Inflammatory Diseases of Ruminants. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081495. [PMID: 35893553 PMCID: PMC9332062 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a common metabolic disease in ruminants. In the early stage of SARA, ruminants do not exhibit obvious clinical symptoms. However, SARA often leads to local inflammatory diseases such as laminitis, mastitis, endometritis and hepatitis. The mechanism by which SARA leads to inflammatory diseases is largely unknown. The gut microbiota is the totality of bacteria, viruses and fungi inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract. Studies have found that the gut microbiota is not only crucial to gastrointestinal health but also involved in a variety of disease processes, including metabolic diseases, autoimmune diseases, tumors and inflammatory diseases. Studies have shown that intestinal bacteria and their metabolites can migrate to extraintestinal distal organs, such as the lung, liver and brain, through endogenous pathways, leading to related diseases. Combined with the literature, we believe that the dysbiosis of the rumen microbiota, the destruction of the rumen barrier and the dysbiosis of liver function in the pathogenesis of SARA lead to the entry of rumen bacteria and/or metabolites into the body through blood or lymphatic circulation and place the body in the “chronic low-grade” inflammatory state. Meanwhile, rumen bacteria and/or their metabolites can also migrate to the mammary gland, uterus and other organs, leading to the occurrence of related inflammatory diseases. The aim of this review is to describe the mechanism by which SARA causes inflammatory diseases to obtain a more comprehensive and profound understanding of SARA and its related inflammatory diseases. Meanwhile, it is also of great significance for the joint prevention and control of diseases.
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48
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Kuszynski DS, Lauver DA. Pleiotropic effects of clopidogrel. Purinergic Signal 2022; 18:253-265. [PMID: 35678974 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09876-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clopidogrel is a widely prescribed prodrug with anti-thrombotic activity through irreversible inhibition of the P2Y12 receptor on platelets. It is FDA-approved for the clinical management of thrombotic diseases like unstable angina, myocardial infarction, stroke, and during percutaneous coronary interventions. Hepatic clopidogrel metabolism generates several distinct metabolites. Only one of these metabolites is responsible for inhibiting the platelet P2Y12 receptor. Importantly, various non-hemostatic effects of clopidogrel therapy have been described. These non-hemostatic effects are perhaps unsurprising, as P2Y12 receptor expression has been reported in multiple tissues, including osteoblasts, leukocytes, as well as vascular endothelium and smooth muscle. While the "inactive" metabolites have been commonly thought to be biologically inert, recent findings have uncovered P2Y12 receptor-independent effects of clopidogrel treatment that may be mediated by understudied metabolites. In this review, we summarize both the P2Y12 receptor-mediated and non-P2Y12 receptor-mediated effects of clopidogrel and its metabolites in various tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn S Kuszynski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 1355 Bogue Street, B336 Life Science, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Institute of Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - D Adam Lauver
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 1355 Bogue Street, B336 Life Science, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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49
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Haq Z, Ahmad SM, Bashir I, Dar MA, Saleem A, Khan AA, Yatoo MI, Mir S, Rastogi A, Hussain MI, Shah RA, Bhat B. Pathogenesis-Related Gene Expression in Response to Trachyspermum ammi Supplementation Along With Probiotics in Chicken Salmonellosis and Insights in Drug Therapeutics. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:866614. [PMID: 35720847 PMCID: PMC9201639 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.866614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (S. typhimurium) is the leading cause of foodborne illness. Since Salmonella continues to have a detrimental effect on public health, there is an ongoing need to develop more advanced methods for combating Salmonellosis in foods before they reach consumers. In addition, the quest for alternative natural products has recently intensified due to increasingly stringent regulations regarding the use of antibiotics as growth promoters and consumer demand for antibiotic-free poultry products. This study evaluated the effect of Ajwain extract (AJE) on immune response and antioxidant status in broiler chicks challenged with Salmonella typhimurium. The chicks were infected with S. typhimurium and were divided into the different groups, except for the control group (CON). The challenged chicks received different treatments with 3 × 109 colony-forming unit (CFU) AciproTM-WS probiotic (PRO), 200 mg/kg Ajwain extract (AJE), 200 mg/100 kg of enrofloxacin (ENR), and a combination of 3 × 109 CFU AciproTM-WS probiotic and 200 mg/kg Ajwain extract (COM). Five days posttreatment, the tissue samples (liver and spleen) were analyzed. The results showed that basal diet supplemented with Ajwain extract (AJE) and a combination of probiotic and Ajwain extract (COM) significantly (P < 0.0.5) reduced the cytokine expression in broiler chicks challenged with S. typhimurium. Our findings suggest that AJE can clear the bacterial infection, improve antioxidant status, and suppress the inflammation response. Additionally, AJE supplementation significantly mitigated the S. typhimurium-induced increase in the interleukin-6 (IL-6) (liver and spleen), interleukin-8 (IL-8) (liver and spleen), interleukin-17A (IL-17A) (liver and spleen), and inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) (spleen and liver) levels (P < 0.05). We conclude that Ajwain is an efficient feed additive with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The interaction networks developed in this study provide a novel lead that could be targeted for anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfqarul Haq
- Division of Livestock Production and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Syed Mudasir Ahmad
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, FVSc & AH, Shuhama, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
- *Correspondence: Syed Mudasir Ahmad
| | - Ishrat Bashir
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Mashooq Ahmad Dar
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, FVSc & AH, Shuhama, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Afnan Saleem
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, FVSc & AH, Shuhama, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Azmat Alam Khan
- Division of Livestock Production and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Mohammad Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Shabir Mir
- Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, FVSc & AH, Shuhama, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Ankur Rastogi
- Division of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Mohd Isfaqul Hussain
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Riaz A. Shah
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, FVSc & AH, Shuhama, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Basharat Bhat
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, FVSc & AH, Shuhama, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
- Basharat Bhat
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50
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Ahn JH, Song EJ, Jung DH, Kim YJ, Seo IS, Park SC, Jung YS, Cho ES, Mo SH, Hong JJ, Cho JY, Park JH. The sesquiterpene lactone estafiatin exerts anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages and protects mice from sepsis induced by LPS and cecal ligation puncture. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:153934. [PMID: 35172258 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we found that the water extract of Artermisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit suppressed the cytokine production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages and alleviated carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in mice. Artemisia contains various sesquiterpene lactones and most of them exert immunomodulatory activity. PURPOSE In the present study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effect of estafiatin (EST), a sesquiterpene lactone derived from A. scoparia, on LPS-induced inflammation in macrophages and mouse sepsis model. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and THP-1 cells, a human monocytic leukemia cell line, were pretreated with different doses of EST for 2 h, followed by LPS treatment. The gene and protein expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot analysis. The activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was also evaluated at the level of phosphorylation. The effect of EST on inflammatory cytokine production, lung histopathology, and survival rate was assessed in an LPS-induced mice model of septic shock. The effect of EST on the production of cytokines in LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages was evaluated by in vitro and ex vivo experiments and protective effect of EST on cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) mice was also assessed. RESULTS The LPS-induced expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS was suppressed at the mRNA and protein levels in BMDMs and THP-1 cells, respectively, by pretreatment with EST. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of EST on IL-6 and TNF-α production were determined as 3.2 μM and 3.1 μM in BMDMs, 3 μM and 3.4 μM in THP1 cells, respectively. In addition, pretreatment with EST significantly reduced the LPS-induced phosphorylation p65, p38, JNK, and ERK in both cell types. In the LPS-induced mice model of septic shock, serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, CXCL1, and CXCL2 were lower in EST-treated mice than in the control animals. Histopathology analysis revealed that EST treatment ameliorated LPS-induced lung damage. Moreover, while 1 of 7 control mice given lethal dose of LPS survived, 3 of 7 EST-treated (1.25 mg/kg) mice and 5 of 7 EST-treated (2.5 mg/kg) mice were survived. Pretreatment of EST dose-dependently suppressed the LPS-induced production of IL-6, TNF-α and CXCL1 in peritoneal macrophages. In CLP-induced mice sepsis model, while all 6 control mice was dead at 48 h, 1 of 6 EST-treated (1.25 mg/kg) mice and 3 of 6 EST-treated (2.5 mg/kg) mice survived for 96 h. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that EST exerts anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated macrophages and protects mice from sepsis. Our study suggests that EST could be developed as a new therapeutic agent for sepsis and various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hun Ahn
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Jung Song
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Do-Hyeon Jung
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeong-Jun Kim
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Su Seo
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Chan Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Seok Jung
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Seo Cho
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Hyun Mo
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Joo Hong
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk 28116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Yong Cho
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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