1
|
Cai S, Su Y, Shi M, Wang D, Chen DDY, Yan B. Simultaneous quantification of six proteins related to liver injury using nano liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9754. [PMID: 38605420 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE In clinical diagnosis of liver injury, which is an important health concern, serum aminotransferase assays have been the go-to method used worldwide. However, the measurement of serum enzyme activity has limitations, including inadequate disease specificity and enzyme specificity. METHODS With the high selectivity and specificity provided by nano liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS), this work describes a method for the simultaneous determination of six proteins in liver that can be potentially used as biomarkers for liver injury: glutamic-pyruvic transaminase 1 (GPT1), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase 1 (GOT1), methionine adenosyl transferase 1A (MAT1A), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), cytokeratin 18 (KRT18) and apolipoprotein E (APOE). RESULTS In validation, the method was shown to have good selectivity and sensitivity (limits of detection at pg/mL level). The analytical method revealed that, compared with normal mice, in carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury mice, liver MAT1A and GPX1 were significantly lower (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively), KRT18 was significantly higher (p < 0.05) and APOE and GPT1 were marginally significantly lower (p between 0.05 and 0.1). This is the first work reporting the absolute contents of GPT1, GOT1, MAT1A, GPX1 and KRT18 proteins based on LC/MS. CONCLUSIONS The proposed method provides a basis for establishing more specific diagnostic indicators of liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Cai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Su
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengtian Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - David Da Yong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Binjun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hatten H, Colyn L, Volkert I, Gaßler N, Lammers T, Hofmann U, Hengstler JG, Schneider KM, Trautwein C. Loss of Toll-like receptor 9 protects from hepatocellular carcinoma in murine models of chronic liver disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167321. [PMID: 38943920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Toll-like receptor 9 (Tlr9) is a pathogen recognition receptor detecting unmethylated DNA derivatives of pathogens and damaged host cells. It is therefore an important modulator of innate immunity. Here we investigated the role of Tlr9 in fibrogenesis and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic liver disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS We treated mice with a constitutive deletion of Tlr9 (Tlr9-/-) with DEN/CCl4 for 24 weeks. As a second model, we used hepatocyte-specific Nemo knockout (NemoΔhepa) mice and generated double knockout (NemoΔhepaTlr9-/-) animals. RESULTS We show that Tlr9 is in the liver primarily expressed in Kupffer cells, suggesting a key role of Tlr9 in intercellular communication during hepatic injury. Tlr9 deletion resulted in reduced liver fibrosis as well as tumor burden. We observed down-regulation of hepatic stellate cell activation and consequently decreased collagen production in both models. Tlr9 deletion was associated with decreased apoptosis and compensatory proliferation of hepatocytes, modulating the initiation and progression of hepatocarcinogenesis. These findings were accompanied by a decrease in interferon-β and an increase in chemokines having an anti-tumoral effect. CONCLUSIONS Our data define Tlr9 as an important receptor involved in fibrogenesis, but also in the initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma during chronic liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Hatten
- University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Department of Internal Medicine III, Aachen, Germany
| | - Leticia Colyn
- University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Department of Internal Medicine III, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Ines Volkert
- University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Department of Internal Medicine III, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Gaßler
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Section Pathology, University Hospital of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), Aachen, Germany
| | - Ute Hofmann
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany; University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Kai Markus Schneider
- University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Department of Internal Medicine III, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Department of Internal Medicine III, Aachen, Germany; Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Muns JA, Schooten E, van Dasselaar RDJ, Noordman YE, Adamzek K, Eibergen AC, Pronk SD, Cali S, Sijbrandi NJ, Merkul E, Oliveira S, van Bergen En Henegouwen PMP, Takkenberg RB, Verheij J, van de Graaf SFJ, Nijmeijer BA, van Dongen GAMS. Preclinical targeting of liver fibrosis with a 89Zr-labeled Fibrobody® directed against platelet derived growth factor receptor-β. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024:10.1007/s00259-024-06785-9. [PMID: 38888612 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06785-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hepatic fibrosis develops as a response to chronic liver injury, resulting in the formation of fibrous scars. This process is initiated and driven by collagen-producing activated myofibroblasts which reportedly express high levels of platelet derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFRβ). We therefore regard PDGFRβ as an anchor for diagnosis and therapy. The Fibrobody® SP02SP26-ABD is a biparatopic VHH-construct targeting PDGFRβ. Here, we explore its potential as a theranostic vector for liver fibrosis. METHODS Specificity, cross-species binding, and cellular uptake of SP02SP26-ABD was assessed using human, mouse and rat PDGFRβ ectodomains and PDGFRβ-expressing cells. Cellular uptake by PDGFRβ-expressing cells was also evaluated by equipping the Fibrobody® with auristatinF and reading out in vitro cytotoxicity. The validity of PDGFRβ as a marker for active fibrosis was confirmed in human liver samples and 3 mouse models of liver fibrosis (DDC, CCl4, CDA-HFD) through immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. After radiolabeling of DFO*-SP02SP26-ABD with 89Zr, its in vivo targeting ability was assessed in healthy mice and mice with liver fibrosis by PET-CT imaging, ex vivo biodistribution and autoradiography. RESULTS SP02SP26-ABD shows similar nanomolar affinity for human, mouse and rat PDGFRβ. Cellular uptake and hence subnanomolar cytotoxic potency of auristatinF-conjugated SP02SP26-ABD was observed in PDGFRβ-expressing cell lines. Immunohistochemistry of mouse and human fibrotic livers confirmed co-localization of PDGFRβ with markers of active fibrosis. In all three liver fibrosis models, PET-CT imaging and biodistribution analysis of [89Zr]Zr-SP02SP26-ABD revealed increased PDGFRβ-specific uptake in fibrotic livers. In the DDC model, liver uptake was 12.15 ± 0.45, 15.07 ± 0.90, 20.23 ± 1.34, and 20.93 ± 4.35%ID/g after 1,2,3 and 4 weeks of fibrogenesis, respectively, compared to 7.56 ± 0.85%ID/g in healthy mice. Autoradiography revealed preferential uptake in the fibrotic (PDGFRβ-expressing) periportal areas. CONCLUSION The anti-PDGFRβ Fibrobody® SP02SP26-ABD shows selective and high-degree targeting of activated myofibroblasts in liver fibrosis, and qualifies as a vector for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joey A Muns
- LinXis Biopharmaceuticals, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Schooten
- LinXis Biopharmaceuticals, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Kevin Adamzek
- LinXis Biopharmaceuticals, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Sebas D Pronk
- Department of Biology, Division of Cell Biology, Neurology and Biophysics, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sagel Cali
- LinXis Biopharmaceuticals, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Eugen Merkul
- LinXis Biopharmaceuticals, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Department of Biology, Division of Cell Biology, Neurology and Biophysics, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutics Devision, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul M P van Bergen En Henegouwen
- Department of Biology, Division of Cell Biology, Neurology and Biophysics, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - R Bart Takkenberg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joanne Verheij
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stan F J van de Graaf
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Guus A M S van Dongen
- LinXis Biopharmaceuticals, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Song Y, Qin C, Chen Y, Ruan W, Gai Y, Song W, Gao Y, Hu W, Qiao P, Song X, Lv X, Zheng D, Chu H, Jiang D, Yang L, Lan X. Non-invasive visualization of liver fibrosis with [ 68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET from preclinical insights to clinical translation. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024:10.1007/s00259-024-06773-z. [PMID: 38850311 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06773-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The reversibility of early liver fibrosis highlights the need for improved early detection and monitoring techniques. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a promising theranostics target significantly upregulated during fibrosis. This preclinical and preliminary clinical study investigated a FAP-targeted probe, gallium-68-labeled FAP inhibitor 04 ([68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04), for its capability to visualize liver fibrosis. METHODS The preclinical study employed [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 micro-positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) on carbon tetrachloride-induced mice model (n = 34) and olive oil-treated control group (n = 26), followed by validation of the probe's biodistribution. Hepatic uptake was correlated with fibrosis and inflammation levels, quantified through histology and serum assays. FAP and α-smooth muscle actin expression were determined by immunohistochemistry, as well as immunofluorescence. The subsequent clinical trial enrolled 26 patients with suspected or confirmed liver fibrosis to undergo [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/magnetic resonance imaging or PET/CT. Key endpoints included correlating [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 uptake with histological inflammation grades and fibrosis stages, and evaluating its diagnostic and differential efficacy compared to established serum markers and liver stiffness measurement (LSM). RESULTS [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 mean uptake in mice livers was notably higher than in control mice, increasing from week 6 [0.70 ± 0.11 percentage injected dose per cubic centimeter (%ID/cc)], peaking at week 10 (0.97 ± 0.15%ID/cc) and slightly reducing at week 12 (0.89 ± 0.28%ID/cc). The hepatic biodistribution and FAP expression showed a consistent trend. In the patient cohort, hepatic [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 uptake presented moderate correlations with inflammation grades (r = 0.517 to 0.584, all P < 0.05) and fibrosis stages (r = 0.653 to 0.698, all P < 0.01). The average SUVmax to background ratio in the liver showed superior discriminative ability, especially between stage 0 and stage 1, outperforming LSM (area under curve 0.984 vs. 0.865). CONCLUSION [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET shows significant potential for non-invasive visualization and dynamic monitoring of liver fibrosis in both preclinical experiment and preliminary clinical trial, especially outperforming other common clinical indicators in the early stage. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04605939. Registered October 25, 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04605939.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangmeihui Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chunxia Qin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Therapy, Ministry of Education, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yixiong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Weiwei Ruan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Therapy, Ministry of Education, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yongkang Gai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Therapy, Ministry of Education, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wenyu Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wenzhu Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Pengxin Qiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiangming Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaoying Lv
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Danzha Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Huikuan Chu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dawei Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Therapy, Ministry of Education, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Xiaoli Lan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Therapy, Ministry of Education, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu KX, Wang ZY, Ying YT, Wei RM, Dong DL, Sun ZJ. The antiprotozoal drug nitazoxanide improves experimental liver fibrosis in mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 224:116205. [PMID: 38615918 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Nitazoxanide is an FDA-approved antiprotozoal drug. Our previous studies find that nitazoxanide and its metabolite tizoxanide affect AMPK, STAT3, and Smad2/3 signals which are involved in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, therefore, in the present study, we examined the effect of nitazoxanide on experimental liver fibrosis and elucidated the potential mechanisms. The in vivo experiment results showed that oral nitazoxanide (75, 100 mg·kg-1) significantly improved CCl4- and bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Oral nitazoxanide activated the inhibited AMPK and inhibited the activated STAT3 in liver tissues from liver fibrosis mice. The in vitro experiment results showed that nitazoxanide and its metabolite tizoxanide activated AMPK and inhibited STAT3 signals in LX-2 cells (human hepatic stellate cells). Nitazoxanide and tizoxanide inhibited cell proliferation and collagen I expression and secretion of LX-2 cells. Nitazoxanide and tizoxanide inhibited transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)- and IL-6-induced increases of cell proliferation, collagen I expression and secretion, inhibited TGF-β1- and IL-6-induced STAT3 and Smad2/3 activation in LX-2 cells. In mouse primary hepatic stellate cells, nitazoxanide and tizoxanide also activated AMPK, inhibited STAT3 and Smad2/3 activation, inhibited cell proliferation, collagen I expression and secretion. In conclusion, nitazoxanide inhibits liver fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms involve AMPK activation, and STAT3 and Smad2/3 inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Xin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeng-Yang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ting Ying
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Miao Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Li Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi-Jie Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu X, Xu S, Zhang Y, Wang L, Yan C, Xu Z, Zhao Q, Qi X. Neutrophil extracellular traps formation may be involved in the association of propranolol with the development of portal vein thrombosis. Thromb Res 2024; 238:208-221. [PMID: 38733693 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2024.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nonselective β blockers (NSBBs) facilitate the development of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in liver cirrhosis. Considering the potential effect of NSBBs on neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), we speculated that NSBBs might promote the development of PVT by stimulating neutrophils to release NETs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum NETs biomarkers were measured, use of NSBBs was recorded, and PVT was evaluated in cirrhotic patients. Carbon tetrachloride and ferric chloride (FeCl3) were used to induce liver fibrosis and PVT in mice, respectively. After treatment with propranolol and DNase I, neutrophils in peripheral blood, colocalization and expression of NETs in PVT specimens, and NETs biomarkers in serum were measured. Ex vivo clots lysis analysis was performed and portal vein velocity and coagulation parameters were tested. RESULTS Serum MPO-DNA level was significantly higher in cirrhotic patients treated with NSBBs, and serum H3Cit and MPO-DNA levels were significantly higher in those with PVT. In fibrotic mice, following treatment with propranolol, DNase I significantly shortened the time of FeCl3-induced PVT formation, lowered the peripheral blood neutrophils labelled by CD11b/Ly6G, inhibited the positive staining of H3Cit and the expression of H3Cit and MPO proteins in PVT tissues, and reduced serum nucleosome level. Furthermore, the addition of DNase I to tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) significantly accelerated clots lysis as compared with tPA alone. Propranolol reduced portal vein velocity in fibrotic mice, but did not influence coagulation parameters. CONCLUSION Our study provides a clue to the potential impact of NETs formation on the association of NSBBs with the development of PVT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbo Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China; Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shixue Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiyan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenghui Yan
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute of PLA, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Zihua Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingchun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Xingshun Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Matsuda KM, Kotani H, Hisamoto T, Kuzumi A, Fukasawa T, Yoshizaki-Ogawa A, Sato S, Yoshizaki A. Dual blockade of interleukin-17A and interleukin-17F as a therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis: Investigating the potential effect and mechanism of brodalumab. Cytokine 2024; 178:156587. [PMID: 38531177 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a terminal manifestation of various chronic liver diseases. There are no drugs that can reverse the condition. Recently, the importance of interleukin-17 (IL17) in the pathophysiology has been revealed and has attracted attention as a therapeutic target. We aimed to reveal the roles of IL17A and IL17F in liver fibrosis, and to validate the potential of their dual blockade as therapeutic strategy. First, we retrospectively reviewed the longitudinal change of FIB-4 index, a clinical indicator of liver fibrosis, among psoriasis patients treated by brodalumab, which blocks IL17 receptor A (IL17RA). Next, we examined anti-fibrotic efficacy of anti-IL17RA antibody (Ab) in two murine liver fibrosis models by histopathological investigation and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Finally, we analyzed the effect of IL17A and IL17F upon human hepatic stellate cells with RNA sequencing, real-time RT-PCR, western blotting, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and flow cytometry. Clinical data showed that FIB-4 index significantly decreased among psoriasis patients treated by brodalumab. In vivo studies additionally demonstrated that anti-IL17RA Ab ameliorates liver fibrosis induced by tetrachloride and methionine-choline deficient diet. Furthermore, in vitro experiments revealed that both IL17A and IL17F enhance cell-surface expression of transforming growth factor-β receptor II and promote pro-fibrotic gene expression via the JUN pathway in human hepatic stellate cells. Our insights suggest that IL17A and IL17F share their pro-fibrotic function in the context of liver fibrosis, and moreover, dual blockade of IL17A and IL17F by anti-IL17RA Ab would be a promising strategy for the management of liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki M Matsuda
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirohito Kotani
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruyoshi Hisamoto
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Kuzumi
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takemichi Fukasawa
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asako Yoshizaki-Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Yoshizaki
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Araujo L, Dias C, Sucupira F, Ramalho L, Camporez J. A short-term rodent model for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis induced by a high-fat diet and carbon tetrachloride. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20231532. [PMID: 38660995 PMCID: PMC11081943 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Several models of mice-fed high-fat diets have been used to trigger non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and some chemical substances, such as carbon tetrachloride. The present study aimed to evaluate the joint action of a high-fat diet and CCl4 in developing a short-term non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model. C57BL6/J mice were divided into two groups: standard diet-fed (SD), the high-fat diet-fed (HFD) and HFD + fructose-fed and carbon tetrachloride (HFD+CCl4). The animals fed with HFD+CCl4 presented increased lipid deposition compared with both SD and HFD mice. Plasma cholesterol was increased in animals from the HFD+CCl4 group compared with the SD and HFD groups, without significant differences between the SD and HFD groups. Plasma triglycerides showed no significant difference between the groups. The HFD+CCl4 animals had increased collagen deposition in the liver compared with both SD and HFD groups. Hydroxyproline was also increased in the HFD+CCl4 group. Liver enzymes, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, were increased in the HFD+CCl4 group, compared with SD and HFD groups. Also, CCl4 was able to trigger an inflammatory process in the liver of HFD-fed animals by promoting an increase of ∼2 times in macrophage activity, ∼6 times in F4/80 gene expression, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1b and TNFa), in addition to an increase in inflammatory pathway protein phosphorylation (IKKbp). HFD e HFD+CCl4 animals increased glucose intolerance compared with SD mice, associated with reduced insulin-stimulated AKT activity in the liver. Therefore, our study has shown that short-term HFD feeding associated with fructose and CCl4 can trigger non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and cause damage to glucose metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Layanne C.C. Araujo
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina C.B. Dias
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe G. Sucupira
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandra N.Z. Ramalho
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Camporez
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee A, Simon AA, Boyreau A, Allain-Courtois N, Lambert B, Pradère JP, Saltel F, Cognet L. Identification of Early Stage Liver Fibrosis by Modifications in the Interstitial Space Diffusive Microenvironment Using Fluorescent Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:5603-5609. [PMID: 38669477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
During liver fibrosis, recurrent hepatic injuries lead to the accumulation of collagen and other extracellular matrix components in the interstitial space, ultimately disrupting liver functions. Early stages of liver fibrosis may be reversible, but opportunities for diagnosis at these stages are currently limited. Here, we show that the alterations of the interstitial space associated with fibrosis can be probed by tracking individual fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) diffusing in that space. In a mouse model of early liver fibrosis, we find that nanotubes generally explore elongated areas, whose lengths decrease as the disease progresses, even in regions where histopathological examination does not reveal fibrosis yet. Furthermore, this decrease in nanotube mobility is a purely geometrical effect as the instantaneous nanotube diffusivity stays unmodified. This work establishes the promise of SWCNTs both for diagnosing liver fibrosis at an early stage and for more in-depth studies of the biophysical effects of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antony Lee
- Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, Université de Bordeaux, 33400 Talence, France
- CNRS - UMR 5298, LP2N, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, 33400 Talence, France
- CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physique des Cellules et Cancer, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Apolline A Simon
- Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, Université de Bordeaux, 33400 Talence, France
- CNRS - UMR 5298, LP2N, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, 33400 Talence, France
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, Univ. Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Adeline Boyreau
- Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, Université de Bordeaux, 33400 Talence, France
- CNRS - UMR 5298, LP2N, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, 33400 Talence, France
| | - Nathalie Allain-Courtois
- Inserm, UMR1312, BRIC, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Benjamin Lambert
- Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, Université de Bordeaux, 33400 Talence, France
- CNRS - UMR 5298, LP2N, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, 33400 Talence, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Pradère
- Institut RESTORE - UMR 1301 - Inserm/5070-CNRS/EFS, Univ. P. Sabatier, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Saltel
- Inserm, UMR1312, BRIC, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Cognet
- Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, Université de Bordeaux, 33400 Talence, France
- CNRS - UMR 5298, LP2N, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, 33400 Talence, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Stauffer WT, Bobardt M, Ure DR, Foster RT, Gallay P. Cyclophilin D knockout significantly prevents HCC development in a streptozotocin-induced mouse model of diabetes-linked NASH. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301711. [PMID: 38573968 PMCID: PMC10994289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
A family of Peptidyl-prolyl isomerases (PPIases), called Cyclophilins, localize to numerous intracellular and extracellular locations where they contribute to a variety of essential functions. We previously reported that non-immunosuppressive pan-cyclophilin inhibitor drugs like reconfilstat (CRV431) or NV556 decreased multiple aspects of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice under two different non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) mouse models. Both CRV431 and NV556 inhibit several cyclophilin isoforms, among which cyclophilin D (CypD) has not been previously investigated in this context. It is unknown whether it is necessary to simultaneously inhibit multiple cyclophilin family members to achieve therapeutic benefits or if loss-of-function of one is sufficient. Furthermore, narrowing down the isoform most responsible for a particular aspect of NAFLD/NASH, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), would allow for more precise future therapies. Features of human diabetes-linked NAFLD/NASH can be reliably replicated in mice by administering a single high dose of streptozotocin to disrupt pancreatic beta cells, in conjunction with a high sugar, high fat, high cholesterol western diet over the course of 30 weeks. Here we show that while both wild-type (WT) and Ppif-/- CypD KO mice develop multipe severe NASH disease features under this model, the formation of HCC nodules was significantly blunted only in the CypD KO mice. Furthermore, of differentially expressed transcripts in a qPCR panel of select HCC-related genes, nearly all were downregulated in the CypD KO background. Cyclophilin inhibition is a promising and novel avenue of treatment for diet-induced NAFLD/NASH. This study highlights the impact of CypD loss-of-function on the development of HCC, one of the most severe disease outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Winston T. Stauffer
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Bobardt
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Daren R. Ure
- Hepion Pharmaceuticals, Edison, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Robert T. Foster
- Hepion Pharmaceuticals, Edison, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Philippe Gallay
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Torigoe S, Lowman DW, Sugiki T, Williams DL, Yamasaki S. Self-recognition through Dectin-1 exacerbates liver inflammation. Genes Cells 2024; 29:316-327. [PMID: 38385597 PMCID: PMC11000461 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Dectin-1 is a well-characterized C-type lectin receptor involved in anti-fungal immunity through the recognition of polysaccharides; however, molecular mechanisms and outcomes initiated through self-recognition have not been fully understood. Here, we purified a water-soluble fraction from mouse liver that acts as a Dectin-1 agonist. To address the physiological relevance of this recognition, we utilized sterile liver inflammation models. The CCl4-induced hepatitis model showed that Dectin-1 deficiency led to reduced inflammation through decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and lower pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Moreover, in a NASH model induced by streptozotocin and a high-fat diet, hepatic inflammation and fibrosis were ameliorated in Dectin-1-deficient mice. The Dectin-1 agonist activity was increased in the water-soluble fraction from NASH mice, suggesting a potential pathogenic cycle between Dectin-1 activation and hepatitis progression. In vivo administration of the fraction into mice induced hepatic inflammation. These results highlight a role of self-recognition through Dectin-1 that triggers hepatic innate immune responses and contributes to the exacerbation of inflammation in pathogenic settings. Thus, the blockade of this axis may provide a therapeutic option for liver inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shota Torigoe
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
- Management Department of Biosafety, Laboratory Animal and Pathogen Bank, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Douglas W. Lowman
- Department of Surgery, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Toshihiko Sugiki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - David L. Williams
- Department of Surgery, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Molecular Design, Research Center for Systems Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mavila N, Siraganahalli Eshwaraiah M, Kennedy J. Ductular Reactions in Liver Injury, Regeneration, and Disease Progression-An Overview. Cells 2024; 13:579. [PMID: 38607018 PMCID: PMC11011399 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Ductular reaction (DR) is a complex cellular response that occurs in the liver during chronic injuries. DR mainly consists of hyper-proliferative or reactive cholangiocytes and, to a lesser extent, de-differentiated hepatocytes and liver progenitors presenting a close spatial interaction with periportal mesenchyme and immune cells. The underlying pathology of DRs leads to extensive tissue remodeling in chronic liver diseases. DR initiates as a tissue-regeneration mechanism in the liver; however, its close association with progressive fibrosis and inflammation in many chronic liver diseases makes it a more complicated pathological response than a simple regenerative process. An in-depth understanding of the cellular physiology of DRs and their contribution to tissue repair, inflammation, and progressive fibrosis can help scientists develop cell-type specific targeted therapies to manage liver fibrosis and chronic liver diseases effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala Mavila
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (M.S.E.); (J.K.)
- Division of Applied Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Mallikarjuna Siraganahalli Eshwaraiah
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (M.S.E.); (J.K.)
| | - Jaquelene Kennedy
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (M.S.E.); (J.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang S, Wang X, Shan Y, Tan Z, Su Y, Cao Y, Wang S, Dong J, Gu J, Wang Y. Region-specific cellular and molecular basis of liver regeneration after acute pericentral injury. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:341-358.e7. [PMID: 38402618 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Liver injuries often occur in a zonated manner. However, detailed regenerative responses to such zonal injuries at cellular and molecular levels remain largely elusive. By using a fate-mapping strain, Cyp2e1-DreER, to elucidate liver regeneration after acute pericentral injury, we found that pericentral regeneration is primarily compensated by the expansion of remaining pericentral hepatocytes, and secondarily by expansion of periportal hepatocytes. Employing single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, immunostaining, and in vivo functional assays, we demonstrated that the upregulated expression of the mTOR/4E-BP1 axis and lactate dehydrogenase A in hepatocytes contributes to pericentral regeneration, while activation of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β1) signaling in the damaged area mediates fibrotic responses and inhibits hepatocyte proliferation. Inhibiting the pericentral accumulation of monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages through an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide-based strategy attenuates these cell-derived TGF-β1 signalings, thus improving pericentral regeneration. Our study provides integrated and high-resolution spatiotemporal insights into the cellular and molecular basis of pericentral regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyong Wang
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, Clinical Translational Science Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing 102218, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, Clinical Translational Science Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Yiran Shan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, BNRIST Bioinformatics Division, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zuolong Tan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yuxin Su
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, Clinical Translational Science Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Yannan Cao
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, Clinical Translational Science Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, Clinical Translational Science Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Jiahong Dong
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, Clinical Translational Science Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing 102218, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin Gu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, BNRIST Bioinformatics Division, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yunfang Wang
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, Clinical Translational Science Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing 102218, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Diwan R, Gaytan SL, Bhatt HN, Pena-Zacarias J, Nurunnabi M. Liver fibrosis pathologies and potentials of RNA based therapeutics modalities. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01551-8. [PMID: 38446352 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01551-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis (LF) occurs when the liver tissue responds to injury or inflammation by producing excessive amounts of scar tissue, known as the extracellular matrix. This buildup stiffens the liver tissue, hinders blood flow, and ultimately impairs liver function. Various factors can trigger this process, including bloodborne pathogens, genetic predisposition, alcohol abuse, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. While some existing small-molecule therapies offer limited benefits, there is a pressing need for more effective treatments that can truly cure LF. RNA therapeutics have emerged as a promising approach, as they can potentially downregulate cytokine levels in cells responsible for liver fibrosis. Researchers are actively exploring various RNA-based therapeutics, such as mRNA, siRNA, miRNA, lncRNA, and oligonucleotides, to assess their efficacy in animal models. Furthermore, targeted drug delivery systems hold immense potential in this field. By utilizing lipid nanoparticles, exosomes, nanocomplexes, micelles, and polymeric nanoparticles, researchers aim to deliver therapeutic agents directly to specific biomarkers or cytokines within the fibrotic liver, increasing their effectiveness and reducing side effects. In conclusion, this review highlights the complex nature of liver fibrosis, its underlying causes, and the promising potential of RNA-based therapeutics and targeted delivery systems. Continued research in these areas could lead to the development of more effective and personalized treatment options for LF patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rimpy Diwan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Samantha Lynn Gaytan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Himanshu Narendrakumar Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Jacqueline Pena-Zacarias
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA.
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Stauffer WT, Goodman AZ, Bobardt M, Ure DR, Foster RT, Gallay P. Mice lacking cyclophilin B, but not cyclophilin A, are protected from the development of NASH in a diet and chemical-induced model. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298211. [PMID: 38427624 PMCID: PMC10906846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilins are a diverse family of peptidyl-prolyl isomerases (PPIases) of importance in a variety of essential cellular functions. We previously reported that the pan-cyclophilin inhibitor drug reconfilstat (CRV431) decreased disease in mice under the western-diet and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) model. CRV431 inhibits several cyclophilin isoforms, among which cyclophilin A (CypA) and B (CypB) are the most abundant. It is not known whether simultaneous inhibition of multiple cyclophilin family members is necessary for the observed therapeutic effects or if loss-of-function of one is sufficient. Identifying the responsible isoform(s) would enable future fine-tuning of drug treatments. Features of human liver fibrosis and complete NASH can be reliably replicated in mice by administration of intraperitoneal CCl4 alone or CCl4 in conjunction with high sugar, high cholesterol western diet, respectively. Here we show that while wild-type (WT) and Ppia-/- CypA KO mice develop severe NASH disease features under these models, Ppib-/- CypB KO mice do not, as measured by analysis of picrosirius red and hematoxylin & eosin-stained liver sections and TNFα immuno-stained liver sections. Cyclophilin inhibition is a promising and novel avenue of treatment for diet-induced NASH. In this study, mice without CypB, but not mice without CypA, were significantly protected from the development of the characteristic features of NASH. These data suggest that CypB is necessary for NASH disease progression. Further investigation is necessary to determine whether the specific role of CypB in the endoplasmic reticulum secretory pathway is of significance to its effect on NASH development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Winston T. Stauffer
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Asha Z. Goodman
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Bobardt
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Daren R. Ure
- Hepion Pharmaceuticals, Edison, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Robert T. Foster
- Hepion Pharmaceuticals, Edison, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Philippe Gallay
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Azuma I, Mizuno T, Morita K, Suzuki Y, Kusuhara H. Investigation of the usefulness of liver-specific deconvolution method by establishing a liver benchmark dataset. NAR Genom Bioinform 2024; 6:lqad111. [PMID: 38187088 PMCID: PMC10768887 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqad111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune responses in the liver are related to the development and progression of liver failure, and precise prediction of their behavior is important. Deconvolution is a methodology for estimating the immune cell proportions from the transcriptome, and it is mainly applied to blood-derived samples and tumor tissues. However, the influence of tissue-specific modeling on the estimation results has rarely been investigated. Here, we constructed a system to evaluate the performance of the deconvolution method on liver transcriptome data. We prepared seven mouse liver injury models using small-molecule compounds and established a benchmark dataset with corresponding liver bulk RNA-Seq and immune cell proportions. RNA-Seq expression for nine leukocyte subsets and four liver-associated cell types were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus to provide a reference. We found that the combination of reference cell sets affects the estimation results of reference-based deconvolution methods and established a liver-specific deconvolution by optimizing the reference cell set for each cell to be estimated. We applied this model to independent datasets and showed that liver-specific modeling is highly extrapolatable. We expect that this approach will enable sophisticated estimation from rich tissue data accumulated in public databases and to obtain information on aggregated immune cell trafficking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iori Azuma
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tadahaya Mizuno
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +81 3 5841 4771; Fax: +81 3 5841 4766;
| | - Katsuhisa Morita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kusuhara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li X, Bhattacharya D, Yuan Y, Wei C, Zhong F, Ding F, D'Agati VD, Lee K, Friedman SL, He JC. Chronic kidney disease in a murine model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Kidney Int 2024; 105:540-561. [PMID: 38159678 PMCID: PMC10922588 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Clinical studies suggest that non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD), but causality and mechanisms linking these two major diseases are lacking. To assess whether NASH can induce CKD, we have characterized kidney function, histological features, transcriptomic and lipidomic profiles in a well-validated murine NASH model. Mice with NASH progressively developed significant podocyte foot process effacement, proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, tubular epithelial cell injury, lipid accumulation, and interstitial fibrosis. The progression of kidney fibrosis paralleled the severity of the histologic NASH-activity score. Significantly, we confirmed the causal link between NASH and CKD by orthotopic liver transplantation, which attenuated proteinuria, kidney dysfunction, and fibrosis compared with control sham operated mice. Transcriptomic analysis of mouse kidney cortices revealed differentially expressed genes that were highly enriched in mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid metabolic process, and insulin signaling pathways in NASH-induced CKD. Lipidomic analysis of kidney cortices further revealed that phospholipids and sphingolipids were the most significantly changed lipid species. Notably, we found similar kidney histological changes in human NASH and CKD. Thus, our results confirm a causative role of NASH in the development of CKD, reveal potential pathophysiologic mechanisms of NASH-induced kidney injury, and established a valuable model to study the pathogenesis of NASH-associated CKD. This is an important feature of fatty liver disease that has been largely overlooked but has clinical and prognostic importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhu Li
- Barbara T. Murphy Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dipankar Bhattacharya
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yue Yuan
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengguo Wei
- Barbara T. Murphy Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fang Zhong
- Barbara T. Murphy Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Feng Ding
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Vivette D D'Agati
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kyung Lee
- Barbara T. Murphy Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Scott L Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
| | - John Cijiang He
- Barbara T. Murphy Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Renal Program, James J Peters VA Medical Center at Bronx, New York, New York, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Minayoshi Y, Maeda H, Hamasaki K, Nagasaki T, Takano M, Fukuda R, Mizuta Y, Tanaka M, Sasaki Y, Otagiri M, Watanabe H, Maruyama T. Mouse Type-I Interferon-Mannosylated Albumin Fusion Protein for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:260. [PMID: 38399475 PMCID: PMC10893114 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Although a lot of effort has been put into creating drugs and combination therapies against chronic hepatitis, no effective treatment has been established. Type-I interferon is a promising therapeutic for chronic hepatitis due to its excellent anti-inflammatory effects through interferon receptors on hepatic macrophages. To develop a type-I IFN equipped with the ability to target hepatic macrophages through the macrophage mannose receptor, the present study designed a mouse type-I interferon-mannosylated albumin fusion protein using site-specific mutagenesis and albumin fusion technology. This fusion protein exhibited the induction of anti-inflammatory molecules, such as IL-10, IL-1Ra, and PD-1, in RAW264.7 cells, or hepatoprotective effects on carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic hepatitis mice. As expected, such biological and hepatoprotective actions were significantly superior to those of human fusion proteins. Furthermore, the repeated administration of mouse fusion protein to carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic hepatitis mice clearly suppressed the area of liver fibrosis and hepatic hydroxyproline contents, not only with a reduction in the levels of inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) and fibrosis-related genes (TGF-β, Fibronectin, Snail, and Collagen 1α2), but also with a shift in the hepatic macrophage phenotype from inflammatory to anti-inflammatory. Therefore, type-I interferon-mannosylated albumin fusion protein has the potential as a new therapeutic agent for chronic hepatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Minayoshi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.H.); (T.N.); (M.T.); (R.F.); (Y.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Hitoshi Maeda
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.H.); (T.N.); (M.T.); (R.F.); (Y.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Keisuke Hamasaki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.H.); (T.N.); (M.T.); (R.F.); (Y.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Taisei Nagasaki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.H.); (T.N.); (M.T.); (R.F.); (Y.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Mei Takano
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.H.); (T.N.); (M.T.); (R.F.); (Y.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Ryo Fukuda
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.H.); (T.N.); (M.T.); (R.F.); (Y.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Yuki Mizuta
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.H.); (T.N.); (M.T.); (R.F.); (Y.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Motohiko Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.S.)
- Public Health and Welfare Bureau, 5-1-1 Oe, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0971, Japan
| | - Yutaka Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.S.)
- Osaka Central Hospital, 3-3-30 Umeda, Kita-ku, Osaka 530-0001, Japan
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan;
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.H.); (T.N.); (M.T.); (R.F.); (Y.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.H.); (T.N.); (M.T.); (R.F.); (Y.M.); (H.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim WS, Min S, Kim SK, Kang S, An S, Criado-Hidalgo E, Davis H, Bar-Zion A, Malounda D, Kim YH, Lee JH, Bae SH, Lee JG, Kwak M, Cho SW, Shapiro MG, Cheon J. Magneto-acoustic protein nanostructures for non-invasive imaging of tissue mechanics in vivo. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:290-300. [PMID: 37845321 PMCID: PMC10837075 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01688-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Measuring cellular and tissue mechanics inside intact living organisms is essential for interrogating the roles of force in physiological and disease processes. Current agents for studying the mechanobiology of intact, living organisms are limited by poor light penetration and material stability. Magnetomotive ultrasound is an emerging modality for real-time in vivo imaging of tissue mechanics. Nonetheless, it has poor sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution. Here we describe magneto-gas vesicles (MGVs), protein nanostructures based on gas vesicles and magnetic nanoparticles that produce differential ultrasound signals in response to varying mechanical properties of surrounding tissues. These hybrid nanomaterials significantly improve signal strength and detection sensitivity. Furthermore, MGVs enable non-invasive, long-term and quantitative measurements of mechanical properties within three-dimensional tissues and in vivo fibrosis models. Using MGVs as novel contrast agents, we demonstrate their potential for non-invasive imaging of tissue elasticity, offering insights into mechanobiology and its application to disease diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Whee-Soo Kim
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Department of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjin Min
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Kyeom Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwi Kang
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohwan An
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ernesto Criado-Hidalgo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Hunter Davis
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Avinoam Bar-Zion
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Dina Malounda
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Yu Heun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Lee
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Han Bae
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Gu Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsuk Kwak
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Cho
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mikhail G Shapiro
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
- Department of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Pasadena, CA, USA.
| | - Jinwoo Cheon
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hong JG, Carbajal Y, Trotman J, Glass M, Sclar V, Alter IL, Zhang P, Wang L, Chen L, Petitjean M, Friedman SL, DeRossi C, Chu J. Mannose Supplementation Curbs Liver Steatosis and Fibrosis in Murine MASH by Inhibiting Fructose Metabolism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.17.576067. [PMID: 38293175 PMCID: PMC10827199 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.17.576067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) can progress to cirrhosis and liver cancer. There are no approved medical therapies to prevent or reverse disease progression. Fructose and its metabolism in the liver play integral roles in MASH pathogenesis and progression. Here we focus on mannose, a simple sugar, which dampens hepatic stellate cell activation and mitigates alcoholic liver disease in vitro and in vivo . In the well-validated FAT-MASH murine model, oral mannose supplementation improved both liver steatosis and fibrosis at low and high doses, whether administered either at the onset of the model ("Prevention") or at week 6 of the 12-week MASH regimen ("Reversal"). The in vivo anti-fibrotic effects of mannose supplementation were validated in a second model of carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis. In vitro human and mouse primary hepatocytes revealed that the anti-steatotic effects of mannose are dependent on the presence of fructose, which attenuates expression of ketohexokinase (KHK), the main enzyme in fructolysis. KHK is decreased with mannose supplementation in vivo and in vitro, and overexpression of KHK abrogated the anti-steatotic effects of mannose. Our study identifies mannose as a simple, novel therapeutic candidate for MASH that mitigates metabolic dysregulation and exerts anti-fibrotic effects.
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhao Y, Dai E, Dong L, Yuan J, Zhao Y, Wu T, Kong R, Li M, Wang S, Zhou L, Yang Y, Kong H, Zhao Y, Qu H. Available and novel plant-based carbon dots derived from Vaccaria Semen carbonisata alleviates liver fibrosis. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1282929. [PMID: 38116381 PMCID: PMC10729316 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1282929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Liver fibrosis represents an intermediate stage in the progression of liver disease, and as of now, there exists no established clinical therapy for effective antifibrotic treatment. Purpose: Our aim is to explore the impact of Carbon dots derived from Vaccaria Semen Carbonisata (VSC-CDs) on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Methods: VSC-CDs were synthesized employing a modified pyrolysis process. Comprehensive characterization was performed utilizing various techniques, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), multiple spectroscopies, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A hepatic fibrosis model induced by carbon tetrachloride was utilized to evaluate the anti-hepatic fibrosis effects of VSC-CDs. Results: VSC-CDs, exhibiting a quantum yield (QY) of approximately 2.08%, were nearly spherical with diameters ranging from 1.0 to 5.5 nm. The VSC-CDs prepared in this study featured a negative charge and abundant chemical functional groups. Furthermore, these particles demonstrated outstanding dispersibility in the aqueous phase and high biocompatibility. Moreover, VSC-CDs not only enhanced liver function and alleviated liver damage in pathomorphology but also mitigated the extent of liver fibrosis. Additionally, this study marks the inaugural demonstration of the pronounced activity of VSC-CDs in inhibiting inflammatory reactions, reducing oxidative damage, and modulating the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Conclusion: VSC-CDs exerted significant potential for application in nanodrugs aimed at treating liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ertong Dai
- Qingdao Eighth People’s Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Liyang Dong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jinye Yuan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yusheng Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruolan Kong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Menghan Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Long Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxin Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Kong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huihua Qu
- Center of Scientific Experiment, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ma M, Chen L, Tang Z, Song Z, Kong X. Hepatoprotective effect of total flavonoids from Carthamus tinctorius L. leaves against carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic liver injury in mice. Fitoterapia 2023; 171:105605. [PMID: 37437698 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Carthamus tinctorius L. leaves, a waste product after Carthami flos production, are rich in flavonoids. Total flavonoids from C. tinctorius L. leaves (TFCTLL) exhibited the protective effect on acute liver injury in mice in previous studies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of TFCTLL on chronic liver injury (CLI) and investigate the underlying mechanism. The chemical components of TFCTLL were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS, and their migration into blood was evaluated. The protective effect of TFCTLL on CLI was evaluated by antioxidative and anti-inflammatory experiments in vitro, network pharmacology and a carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced CLI mouse model. We indentified 18 chemical components in the TFCTLL samples and 4 components in plasma. TFCTLL showed significant anti-inflammatory activity and antioxidant capacity in vitro and in vivo. TFCTLL administration prominently improved the liver function and structure, decreased the mRNA expression levels of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, NF-κB p65, IRF3, AKT1, TRIF, PI3K, MyD88, IL-1β and TNF-α and inhibited the protein expression and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in mice with CLI. The molecular docking results showed that components in plasma had high binding affinity for the targets TLR4, PI3K and AKT1. Therefore, TFCTLL has a protective effect against CCl4-induced CLI, and the underlying mechanisms may be related to antioxidation, anti-inflammation and modulation of the TLRs/NF-κB and PI3K/AKT pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Ma
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083, Xianyang, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Lin Chen
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083, Xianyang, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Zhishu Tang
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083, Xianyang, Shaanxi, PR China; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700 Beijing, PR China.
| | - Zhongxing Song
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083, Xianyang, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xin Kong
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083, Xianyang, Shaanxi, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mondal M, Bala J, Mondal KR, Afrin S, Saha P, Saha M, Jamaddar S, Roy UK, Sarkar C. The protective effects of nerol to prevent the toxicity of carbon tetrachloride to the liver in Sprague-Dawley rats. Heliyon 2023; 9:e23065. [PMID: 38125544 PMCID: PMC10731234 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Carbon-tetrachloride (CCl4) is well-known to cause liver damage due to severe oxidative stress. Nerol, on the other hand, is a monoterpene that is antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anxiolytic. This study set out to determine if nerol may be used as a prophylactic measure against the oxidative stress mediated hepatic injury caused by CCl4. Materials and methods For the aim of this experiment, 35 male Sprague-Dawley rats ranging in body weight (BW) from 140 to 180 g were split into five separate groups. With the exception of vehicle control group 1, all experimental rats were subjected to carbon tetrachloride exposure through intra-peritoneal injection at a 0.7 mL/kg body weight dose once a week for 4 weeks (28 days). The treatment groups 3 and 4 received oral administration of nerol at 50 and 100 mg/kg BW for 28 days. In the same time period, the standard control group received 100 mg/kg BW silymarin. Results Serum hepatic markers, lipid profiles, albumin, globulin, bilirubin, and total protein were all substantially improved in nerol-treated rats in a dose-dependent manner that had been exposed to CCl4 compared to the only CCl4-treated group. Carbon tetrachloride-exposed rats had lower glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels and higher thio-barbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels than normal rats. In contrast, administration of nerol shown a significant augmentation in the concentrations of these antioxidant compounds, while concurrently inducing a decline in the levels of TBARS in the hepatic tissue. In a similar vein, the histo-pathological examination yielded further evidence indicating that nerol offered protection to the hepatocyte against damage generated by CCl4. Conclusion According to the findings of our investigation, nerol has potential as a functional element to shield the liver from harm brought on by ROS that are caused by CCL4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milon Mondal
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Jibanananda Bala
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | | | - Sadia Afrin
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Protyaee Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Moumita Saha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Sarmin Jamaddar
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Uttam Kumar Roy
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Chandan Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Elnagdy M, Wang Y, Rodriguez W, Zhang J, Bauer P, Wilkey DW, Merchant M, Pan J, Farooqui Z, Cannon R, Rai S, Maldonado C, Barve S, McClain CJ, Gobejishvili L. Increased expression of phosphodiesterase 4 in activated hepatic stellate cells promotes cytoskeleton remodeling and cell migration. J Pathol 2023; 261:361-371. [PMID: 37735782 PMCID: PMC10653049 DOI: 10.1002/path.6194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Activation and transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) into migratory myofibroblasts is a key process in liver fibrogenesis. Cell migration requires an active remodeling of the cytoskeleton, which is a tightly regulated process coordinated by Rho-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and the Rho family of small GTPases. Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) promotes assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers by regulating cytoskeleton organization. GEF exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 1 (EPAC1) has been implicated in modulating TGFβ1 and Rho signaling; however, its role in HSC migration has never been examined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of cAMP-degrading phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) enzymes in regulating EPAC1 signaling, HSC migration, and fibrogenesis. We show that PDE4 protein expression is increased in activated HSCs expressing alpha smooth muscle actin and active myosin light chain (MLC) in fibrotic tissues of human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis cirrhosis livers and mouse livers exposed to carbon tetrachloride. In human livers, TGFβ1 levels were highly correlated with PDE4 expression. TGFβ1 treatment of LX2 HSCs decreased levels of cAMP and EPAC1 and increased PDE4D expression. PDE4 specific inhibitor, rolipram, and an EPAC-specific agonist decreased TGFβ1-mediated cell migration in vitro. In vivo, targeted delivery of rolipram to the liver prevented fibrogenesis and collagen deposition and decreased the expression of several fibrosis-related genes, and HSC activation. Proteomic analysis of mouse liver tissues identified the regulation of actin cytoskeleton by the kinase effectors of Rho GTPases as a major pathway impacted by rolipram. Western blot analyses confirmed that PDE4 inhibition decreased active MLC and endothelin 1 levels, key proteins involved in cytoskeleton remodeling and contractility. The current study, for the first time, demonstrates that PDE4 enzymes are expressed in hepatic myofibroblasts and promote cytoskeleton remodeling and HSC migration. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elnagdy
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yali Wang
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Walter Rodriguez
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - JingWen Zhang
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Philip Bauer
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- EndoProtech, Inc., Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Daniel W. Wilkey
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Michael Merchant
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jianmin Pan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Zainab Farooqui
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Robert Cannon
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Shesh Rai
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Claudio Maldonado
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- EndoProtech, Inc., Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Shirish Barve
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Craig J. McClain
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Leila Gobejishvili
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kim MJ, Song YR, Kim YE, Bae SJ, Lee WY, Bak SB, Kim YW. Kaempferol stimulation of autophagy regulates the ferroptosis under the oxidative stress as mediated with AMP-activated protein kinase. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:630-642. [PMID: 37703935 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the positive effects of Kaempferol (KP), including its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, its impact on oxidative damage induced by heavy metals and pro-inflammatory mediators, such as arachidonic acid (AA), has not yet been identified. Our objective was to specifically evaluate liver damage due to AA + iron-induced oxidative stress, both in vitro and in vivo. In HepG2 cells, KP activated the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), suggesting a hepatoprotective effect through AMPK inhibition, as assessed by immunoblot and FACS analysis (EC50 = 10 μM). KP also stimulated autophagy, a degradation process that eliminates aged, damaged, and unnecessary components, via mTOR inhibition and ULK1 phosphorylation. This activation was further validated by the upregulation of autophagy-related genes (ATG5) and Beclin-1, along with the conversion of LC3BI to LC3BII. Ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic type of cell death characterized by oxidative stress from the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and excessive iron accumulation, was linked to the activation of autophagy, as confirmed through the protein expression of deferoxamine (DFO) and ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), the representative ferroptosis inhibitors (positive controls). In mice, oral administration of KP demonstrated protective effects against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. In conclusion, KP provides hepatoprotective effects against oxidative stress induced by AA + iron treatment in vitro and CCl4 treatment in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jin Kim
- AI-Bio Convergence DDI Basic Research Lab., School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Yu-Rim Song
- AI-Bio Convergence DDI Basic Research Lab., School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Young Eun Kim
- AI-Bio Convergence DDI Basic Research Lab., School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Su-Jin Bae
- AI-Bio Convergence DDI Basic Research Lab., School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Won-Yung Lee
- AI-Bio Convergence DDI Basic Research Lab., School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea; College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan-si, South Korea
| | - Seon-Been Bak
- AI-Bio Convergence DDI Basic Research Lab., School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Young Woo Kim
- AI-Bio Convergence DDI Basic Research Lab., School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kandhi R, Yeganeh M, Yoshimura A, Menendez A, Ramanathan S, Ilangumaran S. Hepatic stellate cell-intrinsic role of SOCS1 in controlling hepatic fibrogenic response and the pro-inflammatory macrophage compartment during liver fibrosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1259246. [PMID: 37860002 PMCID: PMC10582746 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1259246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) become activated, differentiate to myofibroblasts and produce extracellular fibrillar matrix during liver fibrosis. The hepatic fibrogenic response is orchestrated by reciprocal interactions between HSCs and macrophages and their secreted products. SOCS1 can regulate several cytokines and growth factors implicated in liver fibrosis. Here we investigated the role of SOCS1 in regulating HSC activation. Methods Mice lacking SOCS1 in HSCs (Socs1ΔHSC) were generated by crossing Socs1fl/fl and LratCre mice. Liver fibrosis was induced by carbon tetrachloride and evaluated by Sirius red staining, hydroxyproline content and immunostaining of myofibroblasts. Gene expression of pro-fibrogenic factors, cytokines, growth factors and chemokines were quantified by RT-qPCR. The phenotype and the numbers of intrahepatic leukocyte subsets were studied by flow cytometry. The impact of fibrosis on the development of diethyl nitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma was evaluated. Results Socs1ΔHSC mice developed more severe liver fibrosis than control Socs1fl/fl mice that was characterized by increased collagen deposition and myofibroblast differentiation. Socs1ΔHSC mice showed a significant increase in the expression of smooth muscle actin, collagens, matrix metalloproteases, cytokines, growth factors and chemokines in the liver following fibrosis induction. The fibrotic livers of Socs1ΔHSC mice displayed heightened inflammatory cell infiltration with increased proportion and numbers of Ly6ChiCCR2+ pro-inflammatory macrophages. This macrophage population contained elevated numbers of CCR2+CX3CR1+ cells, suggesting impaired transition towards restorative macrophages. Fibrosis induction following exposure to diethyl nitrosamine resulted in more numerous and larger liver tumor nodules in Socs1ΔHSC mice than in Socs1fl/fl mice. Discussion Our findings indicate that (i) SOCS1 expression in HSCs is a critical to control liver fibrosis and development of hepatocaellular carcinoma, and (ii) attenuation of HSC activation by SOCS1 regulates pro-inflammatory macrophage recruitment and differentiation during liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajani Kandhi
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Mehdi Yeganeh
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alfredo Menendez
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lee JH, Kim KM, Jung EH, Lee HR, Yang JH, Cho SS, Ki SH. Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy by TGF-β Is Connected with Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14826. [PMID: 37834275 PMCID: PMC10573240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the main contributors to the development and progression of liver fibrosis. Parkin is an E3 ligase involved in mitophagy mediated by lysosomes that maintains mitochondrial homeostasis. Unfortunately, there is little information regarding the regulation of parkin by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and its association with HSC trans-differentiation. This study showed that parkin is upregulated in fibrotic conditions and elucidated the underlying mechanism. Parkin was observed in the cirrhotic region of the patient liver tissues and visualized using immunostaining and immunoblotting of mouse fibrotic liver samples and primary HSCs. The role of parkin-mediated mitophagy in hepatic fibrogenesis was examined using TGF-β-treated LX-2 cells with mitophagy inhibitor, mitochondrial division inhibitor 1. Parkin overexpression and its colocalization with desmin in human tissues were found. Increased parkin in fibrotic liver homogenates of mice was observed. Parkin was expressed more abundantly in HSCs than in hepatocytes and was upregulated under TGF-β. TGF-β-induced parkin was due to Smad3. TGF-β facilitated mitochondrial translocation, leading to mitophagy activation, reversed by mitophagy inhibitor. However, TGF-β did not change mitochondrial function. Mitophagy inhibitor suppressed profibrotic genes and HSC migration mediated by TGF-β. Collectively, parkin-involved mitophagy by TGF-β facilitates HSC activation, suggesting mitophagy may utilize targets for liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea (E.H.J.); (H.R.L.); (S.S.C.)
| | - Kyu Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea (E.H.J.); (H.R.L.); (S.S.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea (E.H.J.); (H.R.L.); (S.S.C.)
| | - Hye Rim Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea (E.H.J.); (H.R.L.); (S.S.C.)
| | - Ji Hye Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sam Seok Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea (E.H.J.); (H.R.L.); (S.S.C.)
| | - Sung Hwan Ki
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea (E.H.J.); (H.R.L.); (S.S.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hu GX, Xie XF, Yuan TH, Shuai M, Zhang JJ, Zhou D, Chen JQ, Ran M, Wang L, Yong-Li, Chen MQ, Ren ZK, Xu JW. Protective effect of water extracts of Veronicastrum latifolium (Hemsl.) Yamazaki on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice and its effect on intestinal flora. Fitoterapia 2023; 170:105653. [PMID: 37595643 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis refers to a reversible event of repair and reconstruction following injury due to various etiologies, and its continuous development will lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Abnormal alterations in intestinal microbiota can hasten the development of hepatic fibrosis and damage. Veronicastrum latifolium (Hemsl.) Yamazaki (VLY) is a classic drug applied extensively for managing acute and chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and ascites in ethnic minority areas of Guizhou Province, China, which possesses broad-spectrum pharmacological activities. In view of the crucial role of intestinal microbiota in the development of liver fibrosis, the present study attempted to investigate the effects of VLY aqueous extract on ameliorating CCl4-elicited liver fibrosis in mice and on intestinal microbiota and to explore its possible mechanism. Phytochemical analysis showed that VLY water extract contained a variety of components, particularly rich in organic acids and their derivatives, flavonoids, phenolic acids, nucleotides and their derivatives, carbohydrates and other compounds. VLY water extract remarkably alleviated CCl4-induced liver damage and fibrosis in mice, improved liver histology, and improved liver function abnormalities. VLY water extract also inhibited the activation of hepatic stellate cells and invasion of intrahepatic inflammatory cells. Additionally, sequencing the 16 s rDNA gene revealed that VLY water extract changed the intestinal microbiota composition in liver fibrotic mice. It elevated the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio and enriched the relative Lactobacillus richness, which is capable of mitigating fibrosis and inflammation in impaired liver. In summary, through modulation of inflammation and intestinal microbiota, VLY water extract can reduce the CCl4-elicited liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Xian Hu
- National joint local engineering laboratory for Cell Engineering and Biomedicine Technique, Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Translational Research (Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences), Guizhou Medical University, China; School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, China
| | - Xiao-Fen Xie
- National joint local engineering laboratory for Cell Engineering and Biomedicine Technique, Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Translational Research (Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences), Guizhou Medical University, China; School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, China
| | - Tian-Hong Yuan
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, China
| | - Min Shuai
- Department of Pathology, Qiannan Medical College for Nationalities, China
| | - Jin-Juan Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- National joint local engineering laboratory for Cell Engineering and Biomedicine Technique, Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Translational Research (Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences), Guizhou Medical University, China; School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, China
| | - Jiu-Qiong Chen
- National joint local engineering laboratory for Cell Engineering and Biomedicine Technique, Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Translational Research (Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences), Guizhou Medical University, China; School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, China
| | - Miao Ran
- National joint local engineering laboratory for Cell Engineering and Biomedicine Technique, Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Translational Research (Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences), Guizhou Medical University, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Institute of Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, China
| | - Yong-Li
- Department of Stomatology, Hunan University of Medicine, China
| | - Mao-Qiong Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, China.
| | - Zhen-Kui Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, China.
| | - Jian-Wei Xu
- National joint local engineering laboratory for Cell Engineering and Biomedicine Technique, Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Translational Research (Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences), Guizhou Medical University, China; School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Guillard J, Untereiner V, Garnotel R, Boulagnon-Rombi C, Gobinet C, Proult I, Sockalingum GD, Thiéfin G. Longitudinal Study of Cirrhosis Development in STAM and carbon tetrachloride Mouse Models Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectral Imaging. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100231. [PMID: 37544611 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models of cirrhosis are of great interest to investigate the pathological process leading to the final stage of cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the different steps involved in the progressive development of cirrhosis using Fourier transform infrared spectral histology in 2 mouse models of cirrhosis, the STAM model of metabolic cirrhosis, and the carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis model. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver samples were obtained from 3 mice at 5 time points in each model to analyze the course of hepatic lesions up to the formation of cirrhosis. For each time point, adjacent 3-μm-thick liver sections were obtained for histologic stains and spectral histology. Fourier transform infrared acquisitions of liver sections were performed at projected pixel sizes of 25 μm × 25 μm and 6.25 μm × 6.25 μm. Spectral images were then preprocessed with an extended multiplicative signal correction and analyzed with common k-means clustering, including all stages in each model. In both models, the 2- and 4-class common k-means clustering in the 1000 to 1350 cm-1 range showed that spectral classes characterized by higher absorbance peaks of glycogen were predominant at baseline, then decreased markedly in early stages of hepatic damage, and almost disappeared in cirrhotic tissues. Concomitantly, spectral classes characterized by higher absorbance peaks of nucleic acids became progressively predominant during the course of hepatic lesions. These results were confirmed using k-means clustering on the peaks of interest identified for glycogen and nucleic acid content. Our study showed that the glycogen depletion previously described at the stage of cirrhosis is an early event in the pathological process, independently of the cause of cirrhosis. In addition, there was a progressive increase in the nucleic acid content, which may be linked to increased proliferation and polyploidy in response to cellular lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Guillard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpecT, Reims, France
| | - Valérie Untereiner
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Plateforme en Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, Reims, France
| | - Roselyne Garnotel
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpecT, Reims, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie-Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Pôle de Biologie Territoriale, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Camille Boulagnon-Rombi
- Laboratoire de Biopathologie, Pôle de Biologie Territoriale, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Cyril Gobinet
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpecT, Reims, France
| | - Isabelle Proult
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, MEDyC, Reims, France
| | | | - Gérard Thiéfin
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpecT, Reims, France; Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie et de Cancérologie Digestive, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Reims, Reims, France.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Salem BAA, ElKaliny HH, El-Hafez AAAA, Sarhan NI. Comparative Histological Study of Therapeutic Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells versus Mesenchymal Stem Cells Co-Cultured with Liver Tissue on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2023; 11:225-236. [PMID: 38213650 PMCID: PMC10779448 DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_62_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Liver diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic effects, so they can be used in the treatment of liver diseases. MSCs co-cultured with diseased liver tissue improve the homing capacity, survival rate, and paracrine effects of the MSCs, as well as the ability to enhance liver function. Aims This work aimed to study the therapeutic effect of MSCs versus MSCs co-cultured with liver tissue on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in adult male albino rats. Settings and Design Twenty adult male albino rats were divided into four equal groups; Group I (control group), Group II received CCl4 intraperitoneally (i.p.), Group III received CCl4 i.p. and then injected with MSCs intravenously (i.v.), and Group IV received CCl4 i.p. and then injected with co-cultured MSCs i.v. Materials and Methods Finally, liver specimens were processed for light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (EM). Statistical analysis was carried out to assess histological scoring, area percentage of collagen fibers, number of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells, and biochemical analysis of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Statistical Analysis Used Statistical analysis of (histological scoring, area % of collagen fibers, and biochemical analysis) was done by using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test using graphpad software (SanDiego, CA, USA). The means ± standard deviations were used for statistical analysis. Results LM of Group II revealed loss of hepatic architecture and diffuse fibrosis with dilated congested blood vessels, bile ductular proliferation, and cellular infiltrations. Vacuolated cytoplasm with or without pyknotic nuclei was observed in addition to micro- and macro-steatosis. EM demonstrated disfigured hepatocytes with abnormal organelles surrounding atypical nucleus. Group III showed restoration of the normal liver architecture with greater extent in Group IV. Statistical analysis confirmed the microscopic findings. Conclusions Co-cultured MSCs with diseased liver tissue augmented the therapeutic effects of MSCs in treating hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4 in adult male albino rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bothina Abo-Alazm Salem
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Heba Hassan ElKaliny
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Naglaa Ibrahim Sarhan
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang L, Zhang Q, Teng D, Guo M, Tang K, Wang Z, Wei X, Lin L, Zhang X, Wang X, Huang D, Ren C, Yang Q, Zhang W, Gao Y, Chen W, Chang Y, Zhang H. FGF9 Recruits β-Catenin to Increase Hepatic ECM Synthesis and Promote NASH-Driven HCC. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301166. [PMID: 37566761 PMCID: PMC10558677 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Most nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients develop severe fibrosis through extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, which can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) is involved in serial types of cancer; however, the specific role of FGF9 in NASH-driven HCC is not fully understood. This study finds that FGF9 is increased in patients with NASH-associated HCC. Furthermore, NASH-driven HCC mice models by feeding wildtype mice with high-fat/high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet and low dose carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) treatment is established; and identified that hepatic FGF9 is increased; with severe fibrosis. Additionally, AAV-mediated knockdown of FGF9 reduced the hepatic tumor burden of NASH-driven HCC mice models. Hepatocyte-specific FGF9 transgenic mice (FGF9Alb ) fed with a HFHC diet without CCl4 treatment exhibited an increased hepatic ECM and tumor burden. However, XAV-939 treatment blocked ECM accumulation and NASH-driven HCC in FGF9Alb mice fed with HFHC diet. Molecular mechanism studies show that FGF9 stimulated the expression of ECM related genes in a β-catenin dependent manner; and FGF9 exerts its effect on β-catenin stability via the ERK1/2-GSK-3β signaling pathway. In summary, the data provides evidence for the critical role of FGF9 in NASH-driven HCC pathogenesis; wherein it promotes the tumors formation through the ECM pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMetabolic Disease Research CenterSchool of Basic MedicineAnhui Medical University230032HefeiChina
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)Tianjin Key of Cellular Homeostasis and DiseaseDepartment of Physiology and PathophysiologyTianjin Medical University300070TianjinChina
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMetabolic Disease Research CenterSchool of Basic MedicineAnhui Medical University230032HefeiChina
| | - Da Teng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary SurgeryAffifiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou)Chuzhou239001China
| | - Manyu Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMetabolic Disease Research CenterSchool of Basic MedicineAnhui Medical University230032HefeiChina
| | - Kechao Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMetabolic Disease Research CenterSchool of Basic MedicineAnhui Medical University230032HefeiChina
| | - Zhenglin Wang
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University230022HefeiChina
| | - Xiang Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMetabolic Disease Research CenterSchool of Basic MedicineAnhui Medical University230032HefeiChina
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMetabolic Disease Research CenterSchool of Basic MedicineAnhui Medical University230032HefeiChina
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMetabolic Disease Research CenterSchool of Basic MedicineAnhui Medical University230032HefeiChina
| | - Xiuyun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMetabolic Disease Research CenterSchool of Basic MedicineAnhui Medical University230032HefeiChina
| | - Dake Huang
- Synthetic Laboratory of School of Basic Medicine SciencesAnhui Medical University230032HefeiChina
| | - Cuiping Ren
- Department of Microbiology and ParasitologySchool of Basic MedicineAnhui Medical University230032HefeiChina
| | - Qingsong Yang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary SurgeryAffifiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou)Chuzhou239001China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary SurgeryAffifiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou)Chuzhou239001China
| | - Yong Gao
- Science and Technology Innovation CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese Medicine510006GuangzhouChina
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University230022HefeiChina
| | - Yongsheng Chang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)Tianjin Key of Cellular Homeostasis and DiseaseDepartment of Physiology and PathophysiologyTianjin Medical University300070TianjinChina
| | - Huabing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMetabolic Disease Research CenterSchool of Basic MedicineAnhui Medical University230032HefeiChina
- The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou)Chuzhou239001China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Farid A, Michael V, Safwat G. Melatonin loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles reduce inflammation, inhibit apoptosis and protect rat's liver from the hazardous effects of CCL4. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16424. [PMID: 37777583 PMCID: PMC10543381 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43546-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver is an important organ that carries out major important functions including the detoxification of harmful chemicals. Numerous studies have lately focused on the impact of various substances, such as chemical pollutants and pharmaceutical drugs, on the liver. Melatonin (Mel) has been reported for the protection against liver injury. In order to enhance Mel therapeutic benefits and prevent any potential negative effects, Mel has to be delivered to the injured liver. Therefore, the goal of the current investigation was to create Mel-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (Mel-PLGA NPs) to alleviate carbon tetrachloride (CCL4)-induced liver damage in male Sprague Dawley rats. The prepared Mel-PLGA NPs were physically characterized to determine its size and charge. Moreover, Mel-PLGA NPs were examined, in vitro, to determine its antioxidant, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity effects before being used in vivo. The effect of NPs on liver injury was evaluated through biochemical, immunological, histopathological examination and flow cytometry technique. Mel-PLGA NPs were smooth and spherical with no signs of aggregation and have in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant effects. NPs varied in size from 87 to 96 nm in transmission electron microscope images, while their hydrodynamic diameter was 41 nm and their zeta potential was -6 mV. Mel-PLGA NPs had encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and drug loading (DL%) of 59.9 and 12.5%, respectively. Treatment with Mel-PLGA NPs ameliorated all histopathological changes, in liver sections, that resulted from CCL4 administration; where, liver sections of treated groups were similar to those of healthy control GI. NPs administration were superior to free Mel and reversed the elevated levels of liver function enzymes, inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases to their normal levels. Moreover, liver sections of groups treated with NPs showed negative immunostaining for nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and C-reactive protein indicating their anti-inflammatory behavior. Mel-PLGA NPs significantly protected liver from the toxicity of CCL4. The effective dose of NPs was 5 mg/kg indicating a reduction in the required Mel dose and its associated adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyaa Farid
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Valina Michael
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Gehan Safwat
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lin CY, Omoscharka E, Liu Y, Cheng K. Establishment of a Rat Model of Alcoholic Liver Fibrosis with Simulated Human Drinking Patterns and Low-Dose Chemical Stimulation. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1293. [PMID: 37759693 PMCID: PMC10526499 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although alcohol is a well-known causal factor associated with liver diseases, challenges remain in inducing liver fibrosis in experimental rodent models. These challenges include rodents' natural aversion to high concentrations of alcohol, rapid alcohol metabolism, the need for a prolonged duration of alcohol administration, and technical difficulties. Therefore, it is crucial to establish an experimental model that can replicate the features of alcoholic liver fibrosis. The objective of this study was to develop a feasible rat model of alcoholic liver fibrosis that emulates human drinking patterns and combines low-dose chemicals within a relatively short time frame. We successfully developed an 8-week rat model of alcoholic liver fibrosis that mimics chronic and heavy drinking patterns. Rats were fed with a control liquid diet, an alcohol liquid diet, or alcohol liquid diet combined with multiple binges via oral gavage. To accelerate the progression of alcoholic liver fibrosis, we introduced low-dose carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) through intraperitoneal injection. This model allows researchers to efficiently evaluate potential therapeutics in preclinical studies of alcoholic liver fibrosis within a reasonable time frame.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yu Lin
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Evanthia Omoscharka
- Department of Pathology, University Health/Truman Medical Center, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2301 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Yanli Liu
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Kun Cheng
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Otto J, Verwaayen A, Penners C, Hundertmark J, Lin C, Kallen C, Paffen D, Otto T, Berger H, Tacke F, Weiskirchen R, Nevzorova YA, Bartneck M, Trautwein C, Sonntag R, Liedtke C. Expression of Cyclin E1 in hepatic stellate cells is critical for the induction and progression of liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:549. [PMID: 37620309 PMCID: PMC10449804 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06077-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most severe malignancies with increasing incidence and limited treatment options. Typically, HCC develops during a multistep process involving chronic liver inflammation and liver fibrosis. The latter is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix produced by Hepatic Stellate Cells (HSCs). This process involves cell cycle re-entry and proliferation of normally quiescent HSCs in an ordered sequence that is highly regulated by cyclins and associated cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) such as the Cyclin E1 (CCNE1)/CDK2 kinase complex. In the present study, we examined the role of Cyclin E1 (Ccne1) and Cdk2 genes in HSCs for liver fibrogenesis and hepatocarcinogenesis. To this end, we generated conditional knockout mice lacking Ccne1 or Cdk2 specifically in HSCs (Ccne1∆HSC or Cdk2∆HSC). Ccne1∆HSC mice showed significantly reduced liver fibrosis formation and attenuated HSC activation in the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) model. In a combined model of fibrosis-driven hepatocarcinogenesis, Ccne1∆HSC mice revealed decreased HSC activation even after long-term observation and substantially reduced tumor load in the liver when compared to wild-type controls. Importantly, the deletion of Cdk2 in HSCs also resulted in attenuated liver fibrosis after chronic CCl4 treatment. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that only a small fraction of HSCs expressed Ccne1/Cdk2 at a distinct time point after CCl4 treatment. In summary, we provide evidence that Ccne1 expression in a small population of HSCs is sufficient to trigger extensive liver fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis in a Cdk2-dependent manner. Thus, HSC-specific targeting of Ccne1 or Cdk2 in patients with liver fibrosis and high risk for HCC development could be therapeutically beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Otto
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna Verwaayen
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Penners
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jana Hundertmark
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cheng Lin
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Carina Kallen
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniela Paffen
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tobias Otto
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hilmar Berger
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yulia A Nevzorova
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matthias Bartneck
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Roland Sonntag
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Liedtke
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kim JS, Jegal KH, Park HR, Choi BR, Kim JK, Ku SK. A Mixture of Fermented Schizandrae Fructus Pomace and Hoveniae Semen cum Fructus Extracts Synergistically Protects against Oxidative Stress-Mediated Liver Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1556. [PMID: 37627551 PMCID: PMC10451536 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizandrae Fructus (SF) and Hoveniae Semen cum Fructus (HSCF) have long been used as medicinal herbs for treating various diseases in Asian traditional medicine. In the current study, we investigated the protective effect of fermented SF pomace and HSCF extract 1:1 (w:w) combination mixture (MSH) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury mice. After MSH (50-200 mg/kg) oral administration for 7 consecutive days, animals were injected intraperitoneally with CCl4 (0.5 mL/kg). Histopathological observation revealed that administration of MSH synergistically decreased the degeneration of hepatocytes and the infiltration of inflammatory cells induced by CCl4. Moreover, MSH administration reduced the activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase in serum, and mitigated apoptotic cell death in hepatic parenchyma. In addition, MSH alleviated CCl4-mediated lipid peroxidation by restoring endogenous antioxidants capacities including glutathione contents, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities. In vitro assessments using tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells revealed that MSH protects hepatocytes by lowering ROS generation and lipid peroxidation via upregulating the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 and the expression of antioxidant genes. Furthermore, MSH synergistically attenuated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in CCl4-injured liver and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that MSH has the potential to prevent acute liver damage by effectively suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Soo Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si 38610, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.K.); (H.-R.P.)
| | - Kyung-Hwan Jegal
- Department of Korean Medical Classics, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si 38610, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hye-Rim Park
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si 38610, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.K.); (H.-R.P.)
- Nutracore Co., Ltd., Suwon-si 16514, Republic of Korea;
| | - Beom-Rak Choi
- Nutracore Co., Ltd., Suwon-si 16514, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae-Kwang Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si 38610, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.K.); (H.-R.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Krylov D, Rodimova S, Karabut M, Kuznetsova D. Experimental Models for Studying Structural and Functional State of the Pathological Liver (Review). Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2023; 15:65-82. [PMID: 38434194 PMCID: PMC10902899 DOI: 10.17691/stm2023.15.4.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver pathologies remain one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Despite a high prevalence of liver diseases, the possibilities of diagnosing, prognosing, and treating non-alcoholic and alcoholic liver diseases still have a number of limitations and require the development of new methods and approaches. In laboratory studies, various models are used to reconstitute the pathological conditions of the liver, including cell cultures, spheroids, organoids, microfluidic systems, tissue slices. We reviewed the most commonly used in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo models for studying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease, toxic liver injury, and fibrosis, described their advantages, limitations, and prospects for use. Great emphasis was placed on the mechanisms of development of pathological conditions in each model, as well as the assessment of the possibility of reconstructing various key aspects of pathogenesis for all these pathologies. There is currently no consensus on the choice of the most adequate model for studying liver pathology. The choice of a certain effective research model is determined by the specific purpose and objectives of the experiment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D.P. Krylov
- Laboratory Assistant, Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnologies, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia; Student, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine; National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Prospekt Gagarina, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Russia
| | - S.A. Rodimova
- Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnologies, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - M.M. Karabut
- Researcher, Laboratory of Genomics of Adaptive Antitumor Immunity, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - D.S. Kuznetsova
- Head of Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnologies, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia; Head of the Research Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Researches, Institute of Clinical Medicine; National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Prospekt Gagarina, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kim JM, Cho SS, Kang S, Moon C, Yang JH, Ki SH. Castanopsis sieboldii Extract Alleviates Acute Liver Injury by Antagonizing Inflammasome-Mediated Pyroptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11982. [PMID: 37569359 PMCID: PMC10419291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Castanopsis sieboldii (CS), a subtropical species, was reported to have antioxidant and antibacterial effects. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of CS have not been studied. This study aimed to investigate whether the 70% ethanol extract of the CS leaf (CSL3) inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses and LPS and ATP-induced pyroptosis in macrophages. CSL3 treatment inhibited NO release and iNOS expression in LPS-stimulated cells. CSL3 antagonized NF-κB and AP-1 activation, which was due to MAPK (p38, ERK, and JNK) inhibition. CSL3 successfully decreased NLRP3 inflammasome activation and increased IL-1β expression. CSL3 treatment diminished LPS and ATP-induced pore formation in GSDMD. The in vivo effect of CSL3 on acute liver injury was evaluated in a CCl4-treated mouse model. CCl4 treatment increased the activity of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, which decreased by CSL3. In addition, CCl4-induced an increase in TNF-α, and IL-6 levels decreased by CSL3 treatment. Furthermore, we verified that the CCl4-induced inflammasome and pyroptosis-related gene expression in liver tissue and release of IL-1β into serum were suppressed by CSL3 treatment. Our results suggest that CSL3 protects against acute liver injury by inhibiting inflammasome formation and pyroptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (J.M.K.); (S.S.C.)
| | - Sam Seok Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (J.M.K.); (S.S.C.)
| | - Sohi Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (C.M.)
| | - Changjong Moon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (C.M.)
| | - Ji Hye Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Ki
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (J.M.K.); (S.S.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhong J, Wu X, Gao Y, Chen J, Zhang M, Zhou H, Yang J, Xiao F, Yang X, Huang N, Qi H, Wang X, Bai F, Shi Y, Zhang N. Circular RNA encoded MET variant promotes glioblastoma tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4467. [PMID: 37491377 PMCID: PMC10368723 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated by its single ligand, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), the receptor tyrosine kinase MET is pivotal in promoting glioblastoma (GBM) stem cell self-renewal, invasiveness and tumorigenicity. Nevertheless, HGF/MET-targeted therapy has shown limited clinical benefits in GBM patients, suggesting hidden mechanisms of MET signalling in GBM. Here, we show that circular MET RNA (circMET) encodes a 404-amino-acid MET variant (MET404) facilitated by the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) reader YTHDF2. Genetic ablation of circMET inhibits MET404 expression in mice and attenuates MET signalling. Conversely, MET404 knock-in (KI) plus P53 knock-out (KO) in mouse astrocytes initiates GBM tumorigenesis and shortens the overall survival. MET404 directly interacts with the MET β subunit and forms a constitutively activated MET receptor whose activity does not require HGF stimulation. High MET404 expression predicts poor prognosis in GBM patients, indicating its clinical relevance. Targeting MET404 through a neutralizing antibody or genetic ablation reduces GBM tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo, and combinatorial benefits are obtained with the addition of a traditional MET inhibitor. Overall, we identify a MET variant that promotes GBM tumorigenicity, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for GBM patients, especially those with MET hyperactivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Translational Medicine Innovation Platform, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xujia Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Translational Medicine Innovation Platform, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yixin Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Translational Medicine Innovation Platform, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Junju Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Translational Medicine Innovation Platform, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Maolei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Translational Medicine Innovation Platform, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Huangkai Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Translational Medicine Innovation Platform, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Translational Medicine Innovation Platform, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Feizhe Xiao
- Department of Scientific Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Translational Medicine Innovation Platform, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Nunu Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Translational Medicine Innovation Platform, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Haoyue Qi
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology of the Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
| | - Fan Bai
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University (PKU), Beijing, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu Shi
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology of the Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Nu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Translational Medicine Innovation Platform, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Martinez-Lopez S, Angel-Gomis E, Sanchez-Ardid E, Pastor-Campos A, Picó J, Gomez-Hurtado I. The 3Rs in Experimental Liver Disease. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2357. [PMID: 37508134 PMCID: PMC10376896 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with cirrhosis present multiple physiological and immunological alterations that play a very important role in the development of clinically relevant secondary complications to the disease. Experimentation in animal models is essential to understand the pathogenesis of human diseases and, considering the high prevalence of liver disease worldwide, to understand the pathophysiology of disease progression and the molecular pathways involved, due to the complexity of the liver as an organ and its relationship with the rest of the organism. However, today there is a growing awareness about the sensitivity and suffering of animals, causing opposition to animal research among a minority in society and some scientists, but also about the attention to the welfare of laboratory animals since this has been built into regulations in most nations that conduct animal research. In 1959, Russell and Burch published the book "The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique", proposing that in those experiments where animals were necessary, everything possible should be done to try to replace them with non-sentient alternatives, to reduce to a minimum their number, and to refine experiments that are essential so that they caused the least amount of pain and distress. In this review, a comprehensive summary of the most widely used techniques to replace, reduce, and refine in experimental liver research is offered, to assess the advantages and weaknesses of available experimental liver disease models for researchers who are planning to perform animal studies in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Martinez-Lopez
- Instituto ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03550 Sant Joan, Spain
| | - Enrique Angel-Gomis
- Instituto ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03550 Sant Joan, Spain
| | - Elisabet Sanchez-Ardid
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Patología Digestiva, Institut de Recerca IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Pastor-Campos
- Oficina de Investigación Responsable, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Joanna Picó
- Instituto ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Isabel Gomez-Hurtado
- Instituto ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03550 Sant Joan, Spain
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Qian L, Li N, Lu XC, Xu M, Liu Y, Li K, Zhang Y, Hu K, Qi YT, Yao J, Wu YL, Wen W, Huang S, Chen ZJ, Yin M, Lei QY. Enhanced BCAT1 activity and BCAA metabolism promotes RhoC activity in cancer progression. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1159-1173. [PMID: 37337119 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00818-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Increased expression of branched-chain amino acid transaminase 1 or 2 (BCAT1 and BCAT2) has been associated with aggressive phenotypes of different cancers. Here we identify a gain of function of BCAT1 glutamic acid to alanine mutation at codon 61 (BCAT1E61A) enriched around 2.8% in clinical gastric cancer samples. We found that BCAT1E61A confers higher enzymatic activity to boost branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism, accelerate cell growth and motility and contribute to tumor development. BCAT1 directly interacts with RhoC, leading to elevation of RhoC activity. Notably, the BCAA-derived metabolite, branched-chain α-keto acid directly binds to the small GTPase protein RhoC and promotes its activity. BCAT1 knockout-suppressed cell motility could be rescued by expressing BCAT1E61A or adding branched-chain α-keto acid. We also identified that candesartan acts as an inhibitor of BCAT1E61A, thus repressing RhoC activity and cancer cell motility in vitro and preventing peritoneal metastasis in vivo. Our study reveals a link between BCAA metabolism and cell motility and proliferation through regulating RhoC activation, with potential therapeutic implications for cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qian
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Lu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Midie Xu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiyue Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kewen Hu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Ting Qi
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Li Wu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyu Wen
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenglin Huang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Yin
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun-Ying Lei
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Karri K, Waxman DJ. Dysregulation of murine long noncoding single-cell transcriptome in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 29:977-1006. [PMID: 37015806 PMCID: PMC10275269 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079580.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
LncRNAs comprise a heterogeneous class of RNA-encoding genes typified by low expression, nuclear enrichment, high tissue-specificity, and functional diversity, but the vast majority remain uncharacterized. Here, we assembled the mouse liver noncoding transcriptome from >2000 bulk RNA-seq samples and discovered 48,261 liver-expressed lncRNAs, a majority novel. Using these lncRNAs as a single-cell transcriptomic reference set, we elucidated lncRNA dysregulation in mouse models of high fat diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis. Trajectory inference analysis revealed lncRNA zonation patterns across the liver lobule in each major liver cell population. Perturbations in lncRNA expression and zonation were common in several disease-associated liver cell types, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-associated macrophages, a hallmark of fatty liver disease progression, and collagen-producing myofibroblasts, a central feature of liver fibrosis. Single-cell-based gene regulatory network analysis using bigSCale2 linked individual lncRNAs to specific biological pathways, and network-essential regulatory lncRNAs with disease-associated functions were identified by their high network centrality metrics. For a subset of these lncRNAs, promoter sequences of the network-defined lncRNA target genes were significantly enriched for lncRNA triplex formation, providing independent mechanistic support for the lncRNA-target gene linkages predicted by the gene regulatory networks. These findings elucidate liver lncRNA cell-type specificities, spatial zonation patterns, associated regulatory networks, and temporal patterns of dysregulation during hepatic disease progression. A subset of the liver disease-associated regulatory lncRNAs identified have human orthologs and are promising candidates for biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Karri
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - David J Waxman
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mansouri RA, Ahmed AM, Alshaibi HF, Al-Bazi MM, Banjabi AA, Alsufiani HM, Aloqbi AA, Aboubakr EM. A new cirrhotic animal protocol combining carbon tetrachloride with methotrexate to address limitations of the currently used chemical-induced models. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1201583. [PMID: 37397479 PMCID: PMC10308223 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1201583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chemically induced cirrhotic animal models are commonly used. However, they have limitations such as high mortalities and low yield of cirrhotic animals that limit their uses. Aims: To overcome limitations of the chemically induced cirrhotic animal model via combined administration of methotrexate (MTX) with CCl4 and decrease their commonly used doses depending on the proposed synergetic cirrhotic effect. Methods: Rats were divided into six groups: normal (4 weeks), normal (8 weeks), MTX, CCl4 (4 weeks), CCl4 (8 weeks), and MTX + CCl4 (4 weeks) groups. Animals' hepatic morphology and histopathological characterization were explored. Hepatic Bcl2 and NF-κB-p65 tissue contents were determined using the immunostaining technique, and hepatic tissue damage, oxidative status, and inflammatory status biochemical parameters were determined. Results: CCl4 + MTX combined administration produced prominent cirrhotic liver changes, further confirmed by a substantial increase in oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters, whereas mortalities were significantly lower than in other treated groups. Conclusion: The present study introduced a new model that can significantly improve the major limitations of chemically induced cirrhotic animal models with new pathological features that mimic human cirrhosis. Compared to other chemically induced methods, the present model can save time, cost, and animal suffering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A. Mansouri
- Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel M. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Huda F. Alshaibi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Embryonic Stem Cell Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha M. Al-Bazi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer A. Banjabi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeil Muhanna Alsufiani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akram Ahmed Aloqbi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam M. Aboubakr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wang C, Liu Y, Gong L, Xue X, Fu K, Ma C, Li Y. Phillygenin Ameliorates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Fibrosis: Suppression of Inflammation and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Inflammation 2023:10.1007/s10753-023-01826-1. [PMID: 37219693 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01826-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis (LF) is caused by the chronic wound healing response to liver injury from various origins. Among the causes, inflammatory response is the central trigger of LF. Phillygenin (PHI) is a lignan derived from Forsythia suspensa, which has significant anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effect of PHI on improving LF and the underlying mechanism have rarely been studied. In this study, we used carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to establish a mouse model of LF. Through histological analysis of liver tissue, and measurement of the levels of hepatocyte damage markers (ALT, AST, TBIL, TBA) and four indicators of LF (Col IV, HA, LN, PC-III) in serum, it was shown that PHI improved liver function and reduced the progress of LF. Subsequently, the detection of fibrogenic biomarkers in liver tissue showed that PHI inhibited the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Next, the expression of inflammatory markers in liver tissue/serum was detected by immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR, and ELISA, suggesting that PHI inhibited inflammation during LF. Similarly, in vitro experiments also confirmed that PHI could inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells, which showed strong anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, the results of network pharmacology, molecular docking, RT-qPCR and western blot confirmed that PHI could alleviate CCl4-induced LF by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In conclusion, our research showed that PHI curbed LF through inhibition of HSC activation and collagen accumulation via inhibiting multiple profibrogenic factors, modulating a variety of inflammatory factors, and suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Lihong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Ke Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Melaibari M, Alkreathy HM, Esmat A, Rajeh NA, Shaik RA, Alghamdi AA, Ahmad A. Anti-Fibrotic Efficacy of Apigenin in a Mice Model of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatic Fibrosis by Modulation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Fibrogenesis: A Preclinical Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051342. [PMID: 37239014 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic fibrosis is a major health problem all over the world, and there is no effective treatment to cure it. Hence, the current study sought to assess the anti-fibrotic efficacy of apigenin against CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice. METHODS Forty-eight mice were put into six groups. G1: Normal Control, G2: CCl4 Control, G3: Silymarin (100 mg/kg), G4 and G5: Apigenin (2 &20 mg/Kg), G6: Apigenin alone (20 mg/Kg). Groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 were given CCl4 (0.5 mL/kg. i.p.) twice/week for six weeks. The level of AST, ALT, TC, TG, and TB in serum and IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in tissue homogenates were assessed. Histological studies by H&E staining and Immunostaining of liver tissues were also performed. RESULTS The CCl4-challenged group showed increased serum AST (4-fold), ALT (6-fold), and TB (5-fold). Both silymarin and apigenin treatments significantly improved these hepatic biomarkers. The CCl4-challenged group showed reduced levels of CAT (89%), GSH (53%), and increased MDA (3-fold). Both silymarin and apigenin treatments significantly altered these oxidative markers in tissue homogenates. The CCl4-treated group showed a two-fold increase in IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels. Silymarin and apigenin treatment considerably decreased the IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels. Apigenin treatment inhibited angiogenic activity, as evidenced by a decrease in VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) expression in liver tissues, and a decline in vascular endothelial cell antigen expression (CD34). CONCLUSIONS Finally, these data collectively imply that apigenin may have antifibrotic properties, which may be explained by its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiangiogenic activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Melaibari
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda M Alkreathy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Esmat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Nisreen A Rajeh
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasheed A Shaik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar A Alghamdi
- Health Information Technology Department, The Applied College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacovigilance and Medication Safety Unit, Center of Research Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Health Information Technology Department, The Applied College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacovigilance and Medication Safety Unit, Center of Research Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhang J, Ning Y, Zhu H, Rotile NJ, Wei H, Diyabalanage H, Hansen EC, Zhou IY, Barrett SC, Sojoodi M, Tanabe KK, Humblet V, Jasanoff A, Caravan P, Bawendi MG. Fast detection of liver fibrosis with collagen-binding single-nanometer iron oxide nanoparticles via T1-weighted MRI. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220036120. [PMID: 37094132 PMCID: PMC10161015 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220036120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
SNIO-CBP, a single-nanometer iron oxide (SNIO) nanoparticle functionalized with a type I collagen-binding peptide (CBP), was developed as a T1-weighted MRI contrast agent with only endogenous elements for fast and noninvasive detection of liver fibrosis. SNIO-CBP exhibits 6.7-fold higher relaxivity compared to a molecular gadolinium-based collagen-binding contrast agent CM-101 on a per CBP basis at 4.7 T. Unlike most iron oxide nanoparticles, SNIO-CBP exhibits fast elimination from the bloodstream with a 5.7 min half-life, high renal clearance, and low, transient liver enhancement in healthy mice. We show that a dose of SNIO-CBP that is 2.5-fold lower than that for CM-101 has comparable imaging efficacy in rapid (within 15 min following intravenous injection) detection of hepatotoxin-induced liver fibrosis using T1-weighted MRI in a carbon tetrachloride-induced mouse liver injury model. We further demonstrate the applicability of SNIO-CBP in detecting liver fibrosis in choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined high-fat diet mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. These results provide a platform with potential for the development of high relaxivity, gadolinium-free molecular MRI probes for characterizing chronic liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juanye Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Yingying Ning
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02129
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Nicholas J. Rotile
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02129
| | - He Wei
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | | | - Eric C. Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Iris Y. Zhou
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02129
| | - Stephen C. Barrett
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncological Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Mozhdeh Sojoodi
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncological Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Kenneth K. Tanabe
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncological Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | | | - Alan Jasanoff
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Peter Caravan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02129
| | - Moungi G. Bawendi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ren Q, Chen Y, Zhou Z, Cai Z, Jiao S, Huang W, Wang B, Chen S, Wang W, Cao Z, Yang Z, Deng L, Hu L, Zhang L, Li Z. Discovery of the First-in-Class Intestinal Restricted FXR and FABP1 Dual Modulator ZLY28 for the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Med Chem 2023; 66:6082-6104. [PMID: 37079895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is increasing rapidly worldwide, and NASH has become a serious problem for human health. Recently, the selective activation of the intestinal farnesoid X receptor (FXR) was considered as a more promising strategy for the treatment of NASH with lesser side effects due to reduced systemic exposure. Moreover, the inhibition of intestinal fatty acid binding protein 1 (FABP1) alleviated obesity and NASH by reducing dietary fatty acid uptake. In this study, the first-in-class intestinal restricted FXR and FABP1 dual-target modulator ZLY28 was discovered by comprehensive multiparameter optimization studies. The reduced systemic exposure of ZLY28 might provide better safety by decreasing the on- and off-target side effects in vivo. In NASH mice, ZLY28 exerted robust anti-NASH effects by inhibiting FABP1 and activating the FXR-FGF15 signaling pathway in the ileum. With the above attractive efficacy and preliminary safety profiles, ZLY28 is worthy of further evaluation as a novel anti-NASH agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation of the Guangdong Provincial Education Department, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Ya Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zongtao Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation of the Guangdong Provincial Education Department, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Construction and Application of New Drug Screening Model Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zongyu Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Shixuan Jiao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation of the Guangdong Provincial Education Department, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Wanqiu Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation of the Guangdong Provincial Education Department, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Siliang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Wenxin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation of the Guangdong Provincial Education Department, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation of the Guangdong Provincial Education Department, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhongcheng Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Liming Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation of the Guangdong Provincial Education Department, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lijun Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation of the Guangdong Provincial Education Department, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Construction and Application of New Drug Screening Model Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Zheng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation of the Guangdong Provincial Education Department, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Oh HR, Ko MK, Son D, Ki YW, Kim SI, Lee SY, Kang KW, Cheon GJ, Hwang DW, Youn H. Activated Natural Killer Cell Inoculation Alleviates Fibrotic Liver Pathology in a Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Cirrhosis Mouse Model. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041090. [PMID: 37189708 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a detrimental role in liver fibrosis progression. Natural killer (NK) cells are known to selectively recognize abnormal or transformed cells via their receptor activation and induce target cell apoptosis and, therefore, can be used as a potential therapeutic strategy for liver cirrhosis. In this study, we examined the therapeutic effects of NK cells in the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver cirrhosis mouse model. NK cells were isolated from the mouse spleen and expanded in the cytokine-stimulated culture medium. Natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D)-positive NK cells were significantly increased after a week of expansion in culture. The intravenous injection of NK cells significantly alleviated liver cirrhosis by reducing collagen deposition, HSC marker activation, and macrophage infiltration. For in vivo imaging, NK cells were isolated from codon-optimized luciferase-expressing transgenic mice. Luciferase-expressing NK cells were expanded, activated and administrated to the mouse model to track them. Bioluminescence images showed increased accumulation of the intravenously inoculated NK cells in the cirrhotic liver of the recipient mouse. In addition, we conducted QuantSeq 3' mRNA sequencing-based transcriptomic analysis. From the transcriptomic analysis, 33 downregulated genes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and 41 downregulated genes involved in the inflammatory response were observed in the NK cell-treated cirrhotic liver tissues from the 1532 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). This result indicated that the repetitive administration of NK cells alleviated the pathology of liver fibrosis in the CCl4-induced liver cirrhosis mouse model via anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Taken together, our research demonstrated that NK cells could have therapeutic effects in a CCl4-induced liver cirrhosis mouse model. In particular, it was elucidated that extracellular matrix genes and inflammatory response genes, which were mainly affected after NK cell treatment, could be potential targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Rim Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Ko
- Research & Development Center, THERABEST, Co., Ltd., Seoul 06656, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehee Son
- Research & Development Center, THERABEST, Co., Ltd., Seoul 06656, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Ki
- Research & Development Center, THERABEST, Co., Ltd., Seoul 06656, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Il Kim
- Research & Development Center, THERABEST, Co., Ltd., Seoul 06656, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Yong Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Jeong Cheon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Won Hwang
- Research & Development Center, THERABEST, Co., Ltd., Seoul 06656, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Detection of a glutathionyl-carbonylated group (GS-CO-) on D-dopachrome tautomerase with preferential binding of GS-CO- to MIF proteins in rat livers damaged by carbon tetrachloride. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 374:110406. [PMID: 36804491 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Liver damage has been induced in animal experiments using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), a potent hepatotoxin. CCl4 is activated by cytochrome P450 2E1, which results in the formation of various metabolites including phosgene. Although D-dopachrome tautomerase (DDT) is abundant in the liver, its role currently remains unclear. The biological activity of DDT, for which the N-terminal proline is a key site, has been detected in various tissues. We herein incidentally detected a 333 Da modification to the N-terminal proline of DDT in rat livers damaged by CCl4. We identified that this modification as glutathionyl carbonylated group, which was formed by condensation of phosgene and reduced glutathione (GSH). We examined other glutathionyl-carbonylated proteins using two dimensional-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and Western blotting for GSH, and detected only one glutathionyl-carbonylated protein, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). DDT belongs to the MIF family of proteins, and amino acid sequence identity between DDT and MIF is 33%. We concluded that MIF family proteins are major targets for glutathionyl carbonylation.
Collapse
|
49
|
Ikeuchi K, Tsutsumi T, Ishizaka A, Mizutani T, Sedohara A, Koga M, Tamaoki S, Yotsuyanagi H. Modulation of duodenal and jejunal microbiota by rifaximin in mice with CCl 4-induced liver fibrosis. Gut Pathog 2023; 15:14. [PMID: 36945059 PMCID: PMC10029291 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-023-00541-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rifaximin is a poorly absorbed broad-spectrum antibiotic used for hepatic encephalopathy. Although increased Lactobacillaceae and decreased Bacteroidetes abundance are characteristic of hepatic encephalopathy, rifaximin does not dramatically alter the stool microbiota. As the antimicrobial effect of rifaximin increases by micellization with bile acids, we hypothesized that rifaximin alters the microbiota in the duodenum and jejunum, where the levels of bile acids are abundant. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight-week-old BALB/c mice were injected with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intraperitoneally for 12 weeks to induce liver fibrosis. The mice were grouped into the control (n = 9), CCl4 (n = 13), and rifaximin group in which mice were treated with rifaximin for two weeks after CCl4 administration (n = 13). We analyzed the microbiota of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, and stool using 16S ribosomal RNA gene analysis. The content of Lactobacillaceae, the most abundant bacterial family in the duodenum and small intestine, increased in the CCl4 group, especially in the jejunum (median 67.0% vs 87.8%, p = 0.03). Rifaximin significantly decreased Lactobacillaceae content in the duodenum (median 79.4% vs 19.0%, p = 0.006) and jejunum (median 87.8% vs 61.3%, p = 0.03), but not in the ileum, cecum, and stool. Bacteroidetes abundance tended to decrease on CCl4 administration and increased following rifaximin treatment in the duodenum and jejunum. S24_7, the most abundant family in Bacteroidetes, demonstrated a significant inverse correlation with Lactobacillaceae (duodenum, r = - 0.61, p < 0.001; jejunum, r = - 0.72, p < 0.001). In the ileum, cecum, and stool, the effect of rifaximin on the microbiota was minimal, with changes within the same phylum. The percentage of bacterial families, such as Lactobacillaceae and S24_7 in the duodenum and small intestine, did not correlate with that in the stool. CONCLUSIONS The abundance of Lactobacillaceae increased in the jejunum of mice with CCl4-induced liver fibrosis, while rifaximin significantly reduced it in the duodenum and jejunum. Thus, rifaximin possibly exerts its effect by altering the duodenal and jejunal microbiota. Furthermore, changes in the duodenal and small intestinal microbiota were not associated with that of stool, suggesting that the analysis of stool microbiota is insufficient to evaluate upper intestinal microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Ikeuchi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Takeya Tsutsumi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Aya Ishizaka
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Mizutani
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Ayako Sedohara
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Michiko Koga
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Satoru Tamaoki
- Medical Affairs Department, ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 2-5-1, Shibaura, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8532, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Al-Mushhadani TM, Al-Hayali HL, Obaid Mostafa S. Synergistic effect of Rosemary and Lemon extractions on some physiological and biochemical parameters of CCl4-Stressed male rats. BIONATURA 2023. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.01.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to examine the preventive impact of marine extracts of rosemary and lemon individually or together in adult-male rats with liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride. The extracts were prepared and tested on 40 male rats distributed into groups by collecting blood samples and conducting some hematological and biochemical parameters. CCl4-induced significant increases in the weight of the liver and heart, while rosemary and lemon extracts alone were not able to restore the liver weight, but the effect was in the synergy. As well, the extracts alone or in combination had a significant impact on reducing heart weight. Additionally, CCl4 caused a substantial reduction in RBC, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCHC and lymphocytes, whereas WBC, monocyte and granulocyte increased. While extracts exhibited an enhancement in these parameters, the best effect was when the two extracts were used together. The biochemical parameters indicated high significance in glucose, AST, ALT and triglycerides; however, total protein, albumin, cholesterol and T-AOC decreased compared to the control group. Both rosemary and lemon worked to restore and remove the oxidative effect.
Keywords: Rosemary(A plant that grows in mountainous regions), Lemon, Carbon tetrachloride, Stress, Rats.
Collapse
|