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Farzadiniya P, Keihan AM, Jokar Borazjani S. Comparison of the effects of platelet-rich plasma and platelet-rich fibrin on the healing process of a rat's mucosal wound. J Tissue Viability 2024; 33:425-432. [PMID: 38729882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Due to the problems associated with the use of PRP, a platelet concentrates without coagulation factors, called platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), has been developed that, in addition to tissue regeneration and wound healing, contains more white blood cells (WBCs), which are important in the wound healing process. In this study, the effect of these two platelet-rich plasmas on the thickness of the epithelium, the number of blood vessels and fibroblasts, and wound area were measured in two groups of PRP and PRF and at different periods. We divided the rats into three groups: the control group, the group receiving PRP, and the group receiving PRF. The results showed a significant difference in the number of fibroblasts, wound area, thickness of epithelium, and number of vessels in all three groups. Based on the results, the use of PRP and PRF in wounds can accelerate the formation of epithelium, create better and more blood vessels, create a platform for the migration and formation of fibroblast cells, and facilitate faster wound closure. Also, comparing PRP and PRF, it can be concluded that, finally, PRF acts better than PRP in epithelialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parviz Farzadiniya
- Dept. of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | | | - Saman Jokar Borazjani
- D.D.S, O.M.F.S, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
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2
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Bywaters BC, Trache A, Rivera GM. Modulation of arterial intima stiffness by disturbed blood flow. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2024; 249:10090. [PMID: 39143955 PMCID: PMC11323813 DOI: 10.3389/ebm.2024.10090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The intima, comprising the endothelium and the subendothelial matrix, plays a crucial role in atherosclerosis pathogenesis. The mechanical stress arising from disturbed blood flow (d-flow) and the stiffening of the arterial wall contributes to endothelial dysfunction. However, the specific impacts of these physical forces on the mechanical environment of the intima remain undetermined. Here, we investigated whether inhibiting collagen crosslinking could ameliorate the detrimental effects of persistent d-flow on the mechanical properties of the intima. Partial ligation of the left carotid artery (LCA) was performed in C57BL/6J mice, inducing d-flow. The right carotid artery (RCA) served as an internal control. Carotids were collected 2 days and 2 weeks after surgery to study acute and chronic effects of d-flow on the mechanical phenotype of the intima. The chronic effects of d-flow were decoupled from the ensuing arterial wall stiffening by administration of β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), an inhibitor of collagen crosslinking by lysyl oxidase (LOX) enzymes. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to determine stiffness of the endothelium and the denuded subendothelial matrix in en face carotid preparations. The stiffness of human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) cultured on soft and stiff hydrogels was also determined. Acute exposure to d-flow caused a slight decrease in endothelial stiffness in male mice but had no effect on the stiffness of the subendothelial matrix in either sex. Regardless of sex, the intact endothelium was softer than the subendothelial matrix. In contrast, exposure to chronic d-flow led to a substantial increase in the endothelial and subendothelial stiffness in both sexes. The effects of chronic d-flow were largely prevented by concurrent BAPN administration. In addition, HAEC displayed reduced stiffness when cultured on soft vs. stiff hydrogels. We conclude that chronic d-flow results in marked stiffening of the arterial intima, which can be effectively prevented by inhibition of collagen crosslinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana C. Bywaters
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Andreea Trache
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Gonzalo M. Rivera
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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3
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De Sousa RAL, Diniz-Magalhaes CO, Cruz PP, de Oliveira GHB, Prates JTAC, de Azevedo Ferreira CM, Silva RR, Cassilhas RC. Physical Exercise Inhibits Cognitive Impairment and Memory Loss in Aged Mice, and Enhances Pre- and Post-Synaptic Proteins in the Hippocampus of Young and Aged Mice. Neuromolecular Med 2024; 26:31. [PMID: 39073519 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-024-08798-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of swimming in the brain and behavior of young and aged mice. Forty-eight male C57BL/6 J mice were randomly distributed into 4 groups (n = 12 per group, 3 and 18 months old). The subdivision of the groups was: 3 months-SED, 18 months-SED, 3 months-EXE, and 18 months-EXE. SED mice did not swim, while EXE mice performed the physical exercise protocol. Training was initiated 48 h after the adaptation week. Swimming sessions consisted of 30 min, with no overload, 5 days per week, for 4 weeks. After the exercise protocol, it was revealed working and spatial memory were impaired in the 18 months-SED group. Pre- and post-synaptic proteins were enhanced in the groups that swam when compared to the 3- and 8 months-SED groups. Lipid peroxidation was greater in the aged mice that did not perform the physical exercise protocol and might have contributed to the cognitive impairment in this group. In conclusion, an aerobic physical exercise protocol, performed through regular swimming sessions, inhibited cognitive impairment, memory loss and lipid peroxidation in the aged mice, while pre- and post-synaptic proteins were enhanced in the hippocampus of young and aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, nº 5000, Bairro Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, CEP 39100-000, Brazil
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Caique Olegário Diniz-Magalhaes
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, nº 5000, Bairro Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, CEP 39100-000, Brazil
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PPGMCF), Brazilian Society of Physiology, UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Poliany Pereira Cruz
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Henrique Bahia de Oliveira
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Julia Tereza Aparecida Caldeira Prates
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Crisley Mara de Azevedo Ferreira
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Rosiane Rosa Silva
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, nº 5000, Bairro Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, CEP 39100-000, Brazil.
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PPGMCF), Brazilian Society of Physiology, UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
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Bisio MMC, Jurado Medina LS, García-Bournissen F, Gulin JEN. Listen to what the animals say: a systematic review and meta-analysis of sterol 14-demethylase inhibitor efficacy for in vivo models of Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:248. [PMID: 38904688 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Sterol 14-demethylase (CYP51) inhibitors, encompassing new chemical entities and repurposed drugs, have emerged as promising candidates for Chagas disease treatment, based on preclinical studies reporting anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity. Triazoles like ravuconazole (RAV) and posaconazole (POS) progressed to clinical trials. Unexpectedly, their efficacy was transient in chronic Chagas disease patients, and their activity was not superior to benznidazole (BZ) treatment. This paper aims to summarize evidence on the global activity of CYP51 inhibitors against T. cruzi by applying systematic review strategies, risk of bias assessment, and meta-analysis from in vivo studies. PubMed and Embase databases were searched for original articles, obtaining fifty-six relevant papers meeting inclusion criteria. Characteristics of animal models, parasite strain, treatment schemes, and cure rates were extracted. Primary outcomes such as maximum parasitaemia values, survival, and parasitological cure were recorded for meta-analysis, when possible. The risk of bias was uncertain in most studies. Animals treated with itraconazole, RAV, or POS survived significantly longer than the infected non-treated groups (RR = 4.85 [3.62, 6.49], P < 0.00001), and they showed no differences with animals treated with positive control drugs (RR = 1.01 [0.98, 1.04], P = 0.54). Furthermore, the overall analysis showed that RAV or POS was not likely to achieve parasitological cure when compared with BZ or NFX treatment (OD = 0.49 [0.31, 0.77], P = 0.002). This systematic review contributes to understanding why the azoles had failed in clinical trials and, more importantly, how to improve the animal models of T. cruzi infection by filling the gaps between basic, translational, and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita María Catalina Bisio
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología (INP) 'Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben'-ANLIS 'Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán', Buenos Aires, Argentina. Av. Paseo Colón 568, C1097, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Smeldy Jurado Medina
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Mediche E Chirurgiche, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 2 Floor, 55. 40126, BO. Bologna, Italy
| | - Facundo García-Bournissen
- Division of Paediatric Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, 800 Commissioners Rd. E., Rm. B1-437., London, ON, Canada
| | - Julián Ernesto Nicolás Gulin
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490 (C1428ADN), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), UBA-CONICET, Paraguay 2155 (C1121ABG), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Yoshida K, Yoshida K, Mouri Y, Takai A, Seyama M, Mekata M, Mizusawa N, Miyoshi K, Kudo Y, Ozaki K. Porphyromonas gingivalis infection alters microRNA composition in extracellular vesicles. J Oral Biosci 2024; 66:365-372. [PMID: 38579987 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Periodontitis, commonly associated with Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), involves intricate alterations of oral intercellular interactions, in which extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a pivotal role. The understanding of the miRNA profiles in the EVs derived from Pg-infected cells (Pg-EVs) remains incomplete despite acknowledging their importance in intercellular communication during periodontitis. Therefore, our objective was to identify and characterize the miRNAs enriched in Pg-EVs. METHODS Microarray analysis was conducted to examine the miRNA profiles in the EVs derived from Pg-infected THP-1 cells. We compared the identified miRNAs with those upregulated in the EVs after stimulation with LPS. Additionally, we explored how inhibiting TLR signaling during Pg infection affects the transcription of specific miRNAs. We investigated the unique sequence motifs specific to the miRNAs concentrated in Pg-EVs. RESULTS The levels of eleven miRNAs, including miR-155, were increased in Pg-EVs compared with those elevated after LPS stimulation. The Pg-induced miR-155 upregulation via TLR2 but not TLR4 signaling suggests the influence of TLR signaling on the miRNA composition of EVs. Furthermore, the miRNAs upregulated in Pg-EVs contained AGAGGG and GRGGSGC sequence motifs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that Pg-induced alterations in EV-containing miRNA composition occur in a TLR4-independent manner. Notably, the concentrated miRNAs in Pg-EVs harbor specific motifs with a high G + C content within their sequences. The upregulation of specific miRNAs in EVs under infectious conditions suggests the influence of both innate immune receptor signals and miRNA sequence characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Yoshida
- Department of Oral Healthcare Promotion, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan.
| | - Kaya Yoshida
- Department of Oral Healthcare Promotion, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Mouri
- Department of Oral Bioscience, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan.
| | - Ayu Takai
- Department of Oral Healthcare Promotion, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan.
| | - Mariko Seyama
- Department of Oral Healthcare Promotion, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan.
| | - Mana Mekata
- Department of Oral Healthcare Promotion, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan.
| | - Noriko Mizusawa
- Department of Oral Bioscience, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan.
| | - Keiko Miyoshi
- Department of Oral Bioscience, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan.
| | - Yasusei Kudo
- Department of Oral Bioscience, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan.
| | - Kazumi Ozaki
- Department of Oral Healthcare Promotion, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan.
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Ribeiro JL, Santos TA, Garcia MT, Carvalho BFDC, Esteves JECS, Moraes RM, Anbinder AL. Heat-killed Limosilactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 prevents bone loss in ovariectomized mice: A preliminary study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304358. [PMID: 38820403 PMCID: PMC11142514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is an important health problem that occurs due to an imbalance between bone formation and resorption. Hormonal deficiency post-menopause is a significant risk factor. The probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri has been reported to prevent ovariectomy (Ovx)-induced bone loss in mice and reduce bone loss in postmenopausal women. Despite the numerous health benefits of probiotics, as they are live bacteria, the administration is not risk-free for certain groups (e.g., neonates and immunosuppressed patients). We evaluated the effects of L. reuteri (ATCC PTA 6475) and its heat-killed (postbiotic) form on Ovx-induced bone loss. Adult female mice (BALB/c) were randomly divided into four groups: group C-control (sham); group OVX-C-Ovx; group OVX-POS-Ovx + heat-killed probiotic; group OVX-PRO-Ovx + probiotic. L. reuteri or the postbiotic was administered to the groups (1.3x109 CFU/day) by gavage. Bacterial morphology after heat treatment was accessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The treatment started one week after Ovx and lasted 28 days (4 weeks). The animals were euthanized at the end of the treatment period. Bone microarchitecture and ileum Occludin and pro-inflammatory cytokines gene expression were evaluated by computed microtomography and qPCR techniques, respectively. The Ovx groups had lower percentage of bone volume (BV/TV) and number of bone trabeculae as well as greater total porosity compared to the control group. Treatment with live and heat-killed L. reuteri resulted in higher BV/TV and trabecular thickness than the Ovx group. The heat treatment caused some cell surface disruptions, but its structure resembled that of the live probiotic in SEM analysis. There were no statistical differences in Occludin, Il-6 and Tnf-α gene expression. Both viable and heat-killed L. reuteri prevented bone loss on ovariectomized mice, independently of gut Occludin and intestinal Il-6 and Tnf-α gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Lemes Ribeiro
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos (São Paulo State University–Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaís Aguiar Santos
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos (São Paulo State University–Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maíra Terra Garcia
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos (São Paulo State University–Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Fernandes do Carmo Carvalho
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos (São Paulo State University–Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Mendonça Moraes
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos (São Paulo State University–Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Lia Anbinder
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos (São Paulo State University–Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Tüscher O, Muthuraman M, Horstmann JP, Horta G, Radyushkin K, Baumgart J, Sigurdsson T, Endle H, Ji H, Kuhnhäuser P, Götz J, Kepser LJ, Lotze M, Grabe HJ, Völzke H, Leehr EJ, Meinert S, Opel N, Richers S, Stroh A, Daun S, Tittgemeyer M, Uphaus T, Steffen F, Zipp F, Groß J, Groppa S, Dannlowski U, Nitsch R, Vogt J. Altered cortical synaptic lipid signaling leads to intermediate phenotypes of mental disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02598-2. [PMID: 38806692 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02598-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance plays important roles in mental disorders. Bioactive phospholipids like lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) are synthesized by the enzyme autotaxin (ATX) at cortical synapses and modulate glutamatergic transmission, and eventually alter E/I balance of cortical networks. Here, we analyzed functional consequences of altered E/I balance in 25 human subjects induced by genetic disruption of the synaptic lipid signaling modifier PRG-1, which were compared to 25 age and sex matched control subjects. Furthermore, we tested therapeutic options targeting ATX in a related mouse line. Using EEG combined with TMS in an instructed fear paradigm, neuropsychological analysis and an fMRI based episodic memory task, we found intermediate phenotypes of mental disorders in human carriers of a loss-of-function single nucleotide polymorphism of PRG-1 (PRG-1R345T/WT). Prg-1R346T/WT animals phenocopied human carriers showing increased anxiety, a depressive phenotype and lower stress resilience. Network analysis revealed that coherence and phase-amplitude coupling were altered by PRG-1 deficiency in memory related circuits in humans and mice alike. Brain oscillation phenotypes were restored by inhibtion of ATX in Prg-1 deficient mice indicating an interventional potential for mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Tüscher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Biology Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Muthuraman Muthuraman
- Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Neural engineering with Signal Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (NESA-AI), University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Informatics for Medical Technology, University Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Johann-Philipp Horstmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Guilherme Horta
- Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Konstantin Radyushkin
- TARC, Translational Animal Research Center, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Baumgart
- TARC, Translational Animal Research Center, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Torfi Sigurdsson
- Institute of Neurophysiology, University Medical Center, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Heiko Endle
- Department of Molecular and Translational Neuroscience, Institute of Anatomy II, Cluster of Excellence-Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Haichao Ji
- Department of Molecular and Translational Neuroscience, Institute of Anatomy II, Cluster of Excellence-Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Prisca Kuhnhäuser
- Department of Molecular and Translational Neuroscience, Institute of Anatomy II, Cluster of Excellence-Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Götz
- Department of Molecular and Translational Neuroscience, Institute of Anatomy II, Cluster of Excellence-Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lara-Jane Kepser
- Department of Molecular and Translational Neuroscience, Institute of Anatomy II, Cluster of Excellence-Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Lotze
- Functional Imaging Unit, Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Department SHIP/Clinical Epidemiological Research, Institute of Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elisabeth J Leehr
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nils Opel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Richers
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Albrecht Stroh
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Silvia Daun
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (IMN-3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Marc Tittgemeyer
- Max Planck Institute of Metabolism Research, Cologne, Cluster of Excellence-Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Timo Uphaus
- Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Falk Steffen
- Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frauke Zipp
- Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joachim Groß
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sergiu Groppa
- Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Robert Nitsch
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Johannes Vogt
- Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Neuroscience, Institute of Anatomy II, Cluster of Excellence-Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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8
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Ekici M, Ateş MB, Baş-Ekici H, Özgür A. Effect of dexpanthenol on cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian toxicity: a histological and molecular study in rats. Reprod Biomed Online 2024; 48:103778. [PMID: 38492417 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2023.103778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Does dexpanthenol work as an effective therapeutic agent against cyclophosphamide (CYC)-induced premature ovarian failure (POF) in rats? DESIGN A total of 28 female Wistar Albino rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 7 per group). The POF and POF plus dexpanthenol groups were intraperitoneally administered CYC at an initial dose of 50 mg/kg, followed by 8 mg/kg for 14 days. The dexpanthenol and POF plus dexpanthenol groups were both intraperitoneally administered dexpanthenol at a dose of 500 mg/kg/day for 15 days. RESULTS In the group administered CYC, the following was observed: a decrease in the ovarian index; a decrease in the numbers of primordial, primary, secondary and antral follicles; an increase in the number of corpus luteum and atretic follicles; a decrease in proliferation cell nuclear antigen immunoreactivity; a significant reduction in anti-Müllerian hormone and oestradiol levels; and an increase in serum FSH levels compared with controls. Dexpanthenol, on the other hand, reversed these effects. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that dexpanthenol increased Bcl-2, Akt1, mTOR, Nrf2 and HO-1 in CYC-induced ovarian tissues, but decreased Bax, Cas3, Hsp27, Hsp70, and Hsp90. Dexpanthenol treatment has a potential for inhibiting the intrinsic apoptotic pathway and oxidative stress levels in ovarian tissues via the downregulation of the mRNA expression of heat shock proteins and the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that dexpanthenol is an effective agent against POF caused by CYC; however, further experimental and clinical data are needed to use it effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ekici
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Veterinary Physiology, 58140, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Burak Ateş
- Selçuk University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 42250, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hacer Baş-Ekici
- Selçuk University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, 42250, Konya, Turkey
| | - Aykut Özgür
- Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Artova Vocational School, Department of Veterinary, Medicine, Laboratory and Veterinary Health Program, 60670, Tokat, Turkey
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9
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Matsumoto Y, Miwa H, Katayama KI, Watanabe A, Yamada K, Ito T, Nakagawa S, Aruga J. Slitrk4 is required for the development of inhibitory neurons in the fear memory circuit of the lateral amygdala. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1386924. [PMID: 38736483 PMCID: PMC11082273 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1386924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The Slitrk family consists of six synaptic adhesion molecules, some of which are associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. In this study, we aimed to investigate the physiological role of Slitrk4 by analyzing Slitrk4 knockout (KO) mice. The Slitrk4 protein was widely detected in the brain and was abundant in the olfactory bulb and amygdala. In a systematic behavioral analysis, male Slitrk4 KO mice exhibited an enhanced fear memory acquisition in a cued test for classical fear conditioning, and social behavior deficits in reciprocal social interaction tests. In an electrophysiological analysis using amygdala slices, Slitrk4 KO mice showed enhanced long-term potentiation in the thalamo-amygdala afferents and reduced feedback inhibition. In the molecular marker analysis of Slitrk4 KO brains, the number of calretinin (CR)-positive interneurons was decreased in the anterior part of the lateral amygdala nuclei at the adult stage. In in vitro experiments for neuronal differentiation, Slitrk4-deficient embryonic stem cells were defective in inducing GABAergic interneurons with an altered response to sonic hedgehog signaling activation that was involved in the generation of GABAergic interneuron subsets. These results indicate that Slitrk4 function is related to the development of inhibitory neurons in the fear memory circuit and would contribute to a better understanding of osttraumatic stress disorder, in which an altered expression of Slitrk4 has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Matsumoto
- Laboratory for Behavioral and Developmental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako-shi, Japan
| | - Hideki Miwa
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei-ichi Katayama
- Laboratory for Behavioral and Developmental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako-shi, Japan
| | - Arata Watanabe
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Nagasaki University Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Yamada
- Support Unit for Animal Experiments, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako-shi, Japan
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagasaki University Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nakagawa
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Nagasaki University Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Jun Aruga
- Laboratory for Behavioral and Developmental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako-shi, Japan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Nagasaki University Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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10
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Magnusdottir SO, Simonsen C, Karbing DS, Rasmussen BS, Kjaergaard B. Hypoxia in the pulmonary vein increases pulmonary vascular resistance independently of oxygen in the pulmonary artery. Animal Model Exp Med 2024; 7:156-165. [PMID: 38506157 PMCID: PMC11079156 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) can be a challenging clinical problem. It is not fully elucidated where in the circulation the regulation of resistance takes place. It is often referred to as if it is in the arteries, but we hypothesized that it is in the venous side of the pulmonary circulation. METHODS In an open thorax model, pigs were treated with a veno-venous extra corporeal membrane oxygenator to either oxygenate or deoxygenate blood passing through the pulmonary vessels. At the same time the lungs were ventilated with extreme variations of inspired air from 5% to 100% oxygen, making it possible to make combinations of high and low oxygen content through the pulmonary circulation. A flow probe was inserted around the main pulmonary artery and catheters in the pulmonary artery and in the left atrium were used for pressure monitoring and blood tests. Under different combinations of oxygenation, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) was calculated. RESULTS With unchanged level of oxygen in the pulmonary artery and reduced inspired oxygen fraction lowering oxygen tension from 29 to 6.7 kPa in the pulmonary vein, PVR was doubled. With more extreme hypoxia PVR suddenly decreased. Combinations with low oxygenation in the pulmonary artery did not systematic influence PVR if there was enough oxygen in the inspired air and in the pulmonary veins. DISCUSSION The impact of hypoxia occurs from the alveolar level and forward with the blood flow. The experiments indicated that the regulation of PVR is mediated from the venous side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigridur Olga Magnusdottir
- Biomedical Research LaboratoryAalborg University HospitalAalborgDenmark
- Department of Clinical MedicineAalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark
| | - Carsten Simonsen
- Department of Clinical MedicineAalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryAalborg University HospitalAalborgDenmark
| | | | - Bodil Steen Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical MedicineAalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive CareAalborg University HospitalAalborgDenmark
| | - Benedict Kjaergaard
- Biomedical Research LaboratoryAalborg University HospitalAalborgDenmark
- Department of Clinical MedicineAalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryAalborg University HospitalAalborgDenmark
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11
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Ou Q, Tang S, Zhu J, Xue S, Huang H, Zhao Y, Cai Y, Wu C, Chen J, Ruan G, Ding C. Spermidine ameliorates osteoarthritis via altering macrophage polarization. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167083. [PMID: 38367900 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spermidine (SPD) is an anti-aging natural substance, and it exerts effects through anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammation. However, the specific protective mechanism of SPD in osteoarthritis (OA) remains unclear. Here, we explored the role of SPD on the articular cartilage and the synovial tissue, and tested whether the drug would regulate the polarization of synovial macrophages by in vivo and in vitro experiments. METHODS By constructing an OA model in mice, we preliminarily explored the protective effect of SPD on the articular cartilage and the synovial tissue. Meanwhile, we isolated and cultured human primary chondrocytes and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), and prepared a conditioned medium (CM) to explore the specific protective effect of SPD in vitro. RESULTS We found that SPD alleviated cartilage degeneration and synovitis, increased M2 polarization and decreased M1 polarization in synovial macrophages. In vitro experiments, SPD inhibited ERK MAPK and p65/NF-κB signaling in macrophages, and transformed macrophages from M1 to M2 subtypes. Interestingly, SPD had no direct protective effect on chondrocytes in vitro; however, the conditioned medium (CM) from M1 macrophages treated with SPD promoted the anabolism and inhibited the catabolism of chondrocytes. Moreover, this CM markedly suppressed IL-1β-induced p38/JNK MAPK signaling pathway activation in chondrocytes. CONCLUSIONS This work provides new perspectives on the role of SPD in OA. SPD does not directly target chondrocytes, but can ameliorate the degradation of articular cartilage through regulating M1/M2 polarization of synovial macrophages. Hence, SPD is expected to be the potential therapy for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhua Ou
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China; Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528403, China.
| | - Su'an Tang
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China.
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510000, China.
| | - Song Xue
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Arthritis Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China.
| | - Hong Huang
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China.
| | - Yang Zhao
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China.
| | - Yu Cai
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China.
| | - Cuixi Wu
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China.
| | - Jianmao Chen
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China.
| | - Guangfeng Ruan
- Clinical Research Centre, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510000, China.
| | - Changhai Ding
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia.
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12
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Hyndman TH, Bowden RS, Woodward AP, Pang DSJ, Hampton JO. Uncontrolled pain: a call for better study design. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1328098. [PMID: 38420206 PMCID: PMC10899387 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1328098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies assessing animal pain in veterinary research are often performed primarily for the benefit of animals. Frequently, the goal of these studies is to determine whether the analgesic effect of a novel treatment is clinically meaningful, and therefore has the capacity to improve the welfare of treated animals. To determine the treatment effect of a potential analgesic, control groups are necessary to allow comparison. There are negative control groups (where pain is unattenuated) and positive control groups (where pain is attenuated). Arising out of animal welfare concerns, there is growing reluctance to use negative control groups in pain studies. But for studies where pain is experimentally induced, the absence of a negative control group removes the opportunity to demonstrate that the study methods could differentiate a positive control intervention from doing nothing at all. For studies that are controlled by a single comparison group, the capacity to distinguish treatment effects from experimental noise is more difficult; especially considering that pain studies often involve small sample sizes, small and variable treatment effects, systematic error and use pain assessment measures that are unreliable. Due to these limitations, and with a focus on farm animals, we argue that many pain studies would be enhanced by the simultaneous inclusion of positive and negative control groups. This would help provide study-specific definitions of pain and pain attenuation, thereby permitting more reliable estimates of treatment effects. Adoption of our suggested refinements could improve animal welfare outcomes for millions of animals globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy H. Hyndman
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Harry Butler Research Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Ross S. Bowden
- School of Mathematics, Statistics, Chemistry and Physics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | | | - Daniel S. J. Pang
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jordan O. Hampton
- Harry Butler Research Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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13
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Martínez-Sánchez JE, Cárdenas Y, Trujillo X, Ríos-Silva M, Díaz-Reval MI, Bricio-Barrios JA, Muñiz J, Alcaraz-Siqueiros J, Huerta M. Increased Frequency of Giant Miniature End-Plate Potentials at the Neuromuscular Junction in Diabetic Rats. Biomedicines 2023; 12:68. [PMID: 38255175 PMCID: PMC10813272 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a need for research addressing the functional characteristics of the motor end-plate in diabetes to identify mechanisms contributing to neuromuscular dysfunction. Here, we investigated the effect of diabetes on spontaneous acetylcholine release in the rat neuromuscular junction. We studied two randomized groups of male Wistar rats (n = 7 per group, 350 ± 50 g, 12-16 weeks of age): one with streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes, and a healthy control group without diabetes. After 8 weeks of monitoring after diabetes induction, rats in both groups were anesthetized with pentobarbital. Then, the diaphragm muscle was dissected for electrophysiological recordings of miniature end-plate potentials (MEPPs) using a single electrode located at the region of the muscle end-plate. All experiments were conducted at environmental temperature (20-22 °C) in rat Ringer solution with constant bubbling carbogen (95% O2, 5% CO2). Compared to healthy controls, in the diaphragm neuromuscular end-plate derived from diabetic rats, the MEPPs were higher in amplitude and frequency, and the proportion of giant MEPPs was elevated (7.09% vs. 1.4% in controls). Our results showed that diabetes affected the acetylcholine MEPP pattern and increased the number of giant potentials compared to healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Elías Martínez-Sánchez
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de julio # 965, Col. Villas San Sebastián, Colima 28045, Colima, Mexico; (J.E.M.-S.); (X.T.)
| | - Yolitzy Cárdenas
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de julio # 965, Col. Villas San Sebastián, Colima 28045, Colima, Mexico; (J.E.M.-S.); (X.T.)
| | - Xóchitl Trujillo
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de julio # 965, Col. Villas San Sebastián, Colima 28045, Colima, Mexico; (J.E.M.-S.); (X.T.)
| | - Mónica Ríos-Silva
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de julio # 965, Col. Villas San Sebastián, Colima 28045, Colima, Mexico; (J.E.M.-S.); (X.T.)
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima—CONAHCyT, Av. 25 de Julio 965, Col. Villas San Sebastián, Colima 28045, Colima, Mexico
| | - M. Irene Díaz-Reval
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de julio # 965, Col. Villas San Sebastián, Colima 28045, Colima, Mexico; (J.E.M.-S.); (X.T.)
| | - Jaime Alberto Bricio-Barrios
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, Av. Universidad #333, Col. Las Víboras, Colima 28040, Colima, Mexico;
| | - Jesús Muñiz
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de julio # 965, Col. Villas San Sebastián, Colima 28045, Colima, Mexico; (J.E.M.-S.); (X.T.)
| | - Julio Alcaraz-Siqueiros
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Colima, Km 40 Autopista Colima-Manzanillo, Crucero de Tecomán, Tecomán 28930, Colima, Mexico
| | - Miguel Huerta
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de julio # 965, Col. Villas San Sebastián, Colima 28045, Colima, Mexico; (J.E.M.-S.); (X.T.)
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14
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Ghasemi A, Jeddi S, Yousefzadeh N, Kashfi K, Norouzirad R. Dissolving sodium hydrosulfide in drinking water is not a good source of hydrogen sulfide for animal studies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21839. [PMID: 38071388 PMCID: PMC10710449 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49437-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has many physiological and pathological roles in the human body. Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) is widely used as a pharmacological tool for assessing H2S effects in biological experiments. Although H2S loss from NaHS solution is a matter of minutes, some animal studies use NaHS in solution as an H2S-donating compound in drinking water. This study addresses whether 30 μM NaHS in drinking water prepared in rat/mouse water bottles remains stable for at least 12-24 h, as presumed by some authors. NaHS solutions (30 μM) were prepared in drinking water and immediately transferred to rat/mice water bottles. Samples were obtained from the tip of water bottles and from inside of the bottles at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, and 24 h for sulfide measurement using the methylene blue method. Furthermore, NaHS (30 μM) was administered to male and female rats for two weeks, and serum sulfide concentrations were measured every other day in the first week and at the end of the second week. NaHS solution was unstable in the samples obtained from the tip of water bottles; it declined by 72% and 75% after 12 and 24 h, respectively. In the samples obtained from the inside of the water bottles, the decline in the NaHS was not significant until 2 h; however, it decreased by 47% and 72% after 12 and 24 h, respectively. NaHS administration did not affect serum sulfide levels in male and female rats. In conclusion, NaHS solution prepared in drinking water can not be used for H2S donation as the solution is unstable. This route of administration exposes animals to variable and lower-than-expected amounts of NaHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Jeddi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasibeh Yousefzadeh
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Reza Norouzirad
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran.
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15
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Zheng C, Wu Y, Xu J, Liu Y, Ma J. Exosomes from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head by transferring microRNA-210 into bone microvascular endothelial cells. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:939. [PMID: 38062514 PMCID: PMC10704824 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04440-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bone microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) played an important role in the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head (GCS-ONFH), and exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC-Exos) may provide an effective treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of BMSC-Exos and internal microRNA-210-3p (miRNA-210) on GCS-ONFH in an in vitro hydrocortisone-induced BMECs injury model and an in vivo rat GCS-ONFH model. METHODS BMECs, BMSCs and BMSC-Exos were isolated and validated. BMECs after the treatment of hydrocortisone were cocultured with different concentrations of BMSC-Exos, then proliferation, migration, apoptosis and angiogenesis of BMECs were evaluated by CCK-8, Annexin V-FITC/PI, cell scratch and tube formation assays. BMSCs were transfected with miRNA-210 mimics and miRNA-210 inhibitors, then BMSC-ExosmiRNA-210 mimic and BMSC-ExosmiRNA-210 inhibitor secreted from such cells were collected. The differences between BMSC-Exos, BMSC-ExosmiRNA-210 mimic and BMSC-ExosmiRNA-210 inhibitor in protecting BMECs against GCS treatment were analyzed by methods mentioned above. Intramuscular injections of methylprednisolone were performed on Sprague-Dawley rats to establish an animal model of GCS-ONFH, then tail intravenous injections of BMSC-Exos, BMSC-ExosmiRNA-210 mimic or BMSC-ExosmiRNA-210 inhibitor were conducted after methylprednisolone injection. Histological and immunofluorescence staining and micro-CT were performed to evaluate the effects of BMSC-Exos and internal miRNA-210 on the in vivo GCS-ONFH model. RESULTS Different concentrations of BMSC-Exos, especially high concentration of BMSC-Exos, could enhance the proliferation, migration and angiogenesis ability and reduce the apoptosis rates of BMECs treated with GCS. Compared with BMSC-Exos, BMSC-ExosmiRNA-210 mimic could further enhance the proliferation, migration and angiogenesis ability and reduce the apoptosis rates of BMECs, while BMECs in the GCS + BMSC-ExosmiRNA-210 inhibitor group showed reduced proliferation, migration and angiogenesis ability and higher apoptosis rates. In the rat GCS-ONFH model, BMSC-Exos, especially BMSC-ExosmiRNA-210 mimic, could increase microvascular density and enhance bone remodeling of femoral heads. CONCLUSIONS BMSC-Exos containing miRNA-210 could serve as potential therapeutics for protecting BMECs and ameliorating the progression of GCS-ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37# Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuangang Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37# Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37# Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37# Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37# Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Zhang L, Du WQ, Zong ZW, Zhong X, Jia YJ, Jiang RQ, Ye Z. Modified Glucose-insulin-potassium Therapy for Hemorrhage-induced Traumatic Cardiac Arrest in Rabbits. Curr Med Sci 2023; 43:1238-1246. [PMID: 37955782 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2796-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Resuscitation with whole blood is known to be better than that with saline in attaining the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and improving the short-term survival rate for hemorrhage-induced traumatic cardiac arrest (HiTCA). However, the resuscitation with whole blood alone fails to address the pathophysiological abnormalities, including hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia and coagulopathy, after HiTCA. The present study aimed to determine whether the modified glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) therapy can ameliorate the above-mentioned pathophysiological abnormalities, enhance the ROSC, improve the function of key organs, and reduce the mortality after HiTCA. METHODS HiTCA was induced in rabbits (n=36) by controlled hemorrhage. Following arrest, the rabbits were randomly divided into three groups (n=12 each): group A (no resuscitation), group B (resuscitation with whole blood), and group C (resuscitation with whole blood plus GIK). The GIK therapy was administered based on the actual concentration of glucose and potassium. The ROSC rate and survival rate were obtained. Hemodynamical and biochemical changes were detected. Thromboelastography (TEG) was used to measure coagulation parameters, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect parameters related to inflammation, coagulation and the function of brain. RESULTS All animals in groups B and C attained ROSC. Two rabbits died 24-48 h after HiTCA in group B, while no rabbits died in group C. The GIK therapy significantly reduced the levels of blood glucose, potassium, and biological markers for inflammatory reaction, and improved the heart, kidney, liver and brain function in group C when compared to group B. Furthermore, the R values of TEG were significantly lower in group C than in group B, and the maximum amplitude of TEG was slightly lower in group B than in group C, with no significant difference found. CONCLUSION Resuscitation with whole blood and modified GIK therapy combined can ameliorate the pathophysiological disorders, including hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia and coagulopathy, and may improve the function of key organs after HiTCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department for Combat Casualty Care Training, Training Base for Army Health Care, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wen-Qiong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department for Combat Casualty Care Training, Training Base for Army Health Care, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhao-Wen Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department for Combat Casualty Care Training, Training Base for Army Health Care, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Xin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department for Combat Casualty Care Training, Training Base for Army Health Care, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yi-Jun Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department for Combat Casualty Care Training, Training Base for Army Health Care, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ren-Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department for Combat Casualty Care Training, Training Base for Army Health Care, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department for Combat Casualty Care Training, Training Base for Army Health Care, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
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17
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Qin Y, Jin J, Zhang J, Wang H, Liu L, Zhang Y, Ling S, Hu J, Li N, Wang J, Lv C, Yang X. A fully human monoclonal antibody targeting Semaphorin 5A alleviates the progression of rheumatoid arthritis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115666. [PMID: 37832409 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common chronic autoimmune disease worldwide. Although progress has been made in RA treatment in recent decades, remission cannot be effectively achieved for a considerable proportion of RA patients. Thus, novel potential targets for therapeutic strategies are needed. Semaphorin 5A (SEMA5A) plays a pivotal role in RA progression by facilitating pannus formation, and it is a promising therapeutic target. In this study, we sought to develop an antibody treatment strategy targeting SEMA5A and evaluate its therapeutic effect using a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. We generated SYD12-12, a fully human SEMA5A blocking antibody, through phage display technology. SYD12-12 intervention effectively inhibited angiogenesis and aggressive phenotypes of RA synoviocytes in vitro and dose-dependently inhibited synovial hyperplasia, pannus formation, bone destruction in CIA mice. Notably, SYD12-12 also improved the Treg/Th17 imbalance in CIA mice. We confirmed through immunofluorescence and molecular docking that SYD12-12 integrated with the unique TSP-1 domain of SEMA5A. In conclusion, we developed and characterized a fully human SEMA5A-blocking antibody for the first time. SYD12-12 effectively alleviated disease progression in CIA mice by inhibiting pannus formation and improving the Treg/Th17 imbalance, demonstrating its potential for the RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Qin
- Institute of Autoimmune Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Jin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiani Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Autoimmune Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanwen Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sunwang Ling
- Institute of Autoimmune Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jinzhu Hu
- Institute of Autoimmune Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Nuan Li
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianguang Wang
- Institute of Autoimmune Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Chen Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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18
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Altvater B, Kailayangiri S, Spurny C, Flügge M, Meltzer J, Greune L, Urban K, Schwöppe C, Brand C, Schliemann C, Hintelmann H, Harrach S, Hartmann W, Abken H, Kuehle J, Schambach A, Görlich D, Berdel WE, Rossig C. CAR T cells as micropharmacies against solid cancers: Combining effector T-cell mediated cell death with vascular targeting in a one-step engineering process. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:1355-1368. [PMID: 37391502 PMCID: PMC10581901 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00642-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
To enhance the potency of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) engineered T cells in solid cancers, we designed a novel cell-based combination strategy with an additional therapeutic mode of action. CAR T cells are used as micropharmacies to produce a targeted pro-coagulatory fusion protein, truncated tissue factor (tTF)-NGR, which exerts pro-coagulatory activity and hypoxia upon relocalization to the vascular endothelial cells that invade tumor tissues. Delivery by CAR T cells aimed to induce locoregional tumor vascular infarction for combined immune-mediated and hypoxic tumor cell death. Human T cells that were one-vector gene-modified to express a GD2-specific CAR along with CAR-inducible tTF-NGR exerted potent GD2-specific effector functions while secreting tTF-NGR that activates the extrinsic coagulation pathway in a strictly GD2-dependent manner. In murine models, the CAR T cells infiltrated GD2-positive tumor xenografts, secreted tTF-NGR into the tumor microenvironment and showed a trend towards superior therapeutic activity compared with control cells producing functionally inactive tTF-NGR. In vitro evidence supports a mechanism of hypoxia-mediated enhancement of T cell cytolytic activity. We conclude that combined CAR T cell targeting with an additional mechanism of antitumor action in a one-vector engineering strategy is a promising approach to be further developed for targeted treatment of solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Altvater
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Sareetha Kailayangiri
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Christian Spurny
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Maike Flügge
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Jutta Meltzer
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Lea Greune
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Katja Urban
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | | | - Caroline Brand
- Department of Medicine A, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | | | - Heike Hintelmann
- Department of Medicine A, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Saliha Harrach
- Department of Medicine A, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hartmann
- Division of Translational Pathology, Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Hinrich Abken
- Division of Genetic Immunotherapy, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Kuehle
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennis Görlich
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E Berdel
- Department of Medicine A, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Claudia Rossig
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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19
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Frankot M, Mueller PM, Young ME, Vonder Haar C. Statistical power and false positive rates for interdependent outcomes are strongly influenced by test type: Implications for behavioral neuroscience. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:1612-1622. [PMID: 37142665 PMCID: PMC10516944 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01592-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Statistical errors in preclinical science are a barrier to reproducibility and translation. For instance, linear models (e.g., ANOVA, linear regression) may be misapplied to data that violate assumptions. In behavioral neuroscience and psychopharmacology, linear models are frequently applied to interdependent or compositional data, which includes behavioral assessments where animals concurrently choose between chambers, objects, outcomes, or types of behavior (e.g., forced swim, novel object, place/social preference). The current study simulated behavioral data for a task with four interdependent choices (i.e., increased choice of a given outcome decreases others) using Monte Carlo methods. 16,000 datasets were simulated (1000 each of 4 effect sizes by 4 sample sizes) and statistical approaches evaluated for accuracy. Linear regression and linear mixed effects regression (LMER) with a single random intercept resulted in high false positives (>60%). Elevated false positives were attenuated in an LMER with random effects for all choice-levels and a binomial logistic mixed effects regression. However, these models were underpowered to reliably detect effects at common preclinical sample sizes. A Bayesian method using prior knowledge for control subjects increased power by up to 30%. These results were confirmed in a second simulation (8000 datasets). These data suggest that statistical analyses may often be misapplied in preclinical paradigms, with common linear methods increasing false positives, but potential alternatives lacking power. Ultimately, using informed priors may balance statistical requirements with ethical imperatives to minimize the number of animals used. These findings highlight the importance of considering statistical assumptions and limitations when designing research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Frankot
- Injury and Recovery Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Peyton M Mueller
- Injury and Recovery Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael E Young
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Cole Vonder Haar
- Injury and Recovery Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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20
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Lai ZK, Yin YY, Yan JZ, Wei QQ, Wang B, Li YF, Zhang LM, Wang YL. Inulin-type oligosaccharides of Morinda officinalis exerted antidepressant effects by reducing hippocampal inflammation. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:2065-2075. [PMID: 37148433 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of depression. Inulin-type oligosaccharides of Morinda officinalis (IOMO) exert antidepressant-like effects in rodents and patients with depression, while the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study used chronic restraint stress (CRS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce depression-like behaviors in mice. Western blotting and ELISA analysis were used to investigate the effects of IOMO on inflammatory cytokine levels. Immunofluorescence analysis was used to investigate the effects of IOMO on hippocampal NLRP3 inflammasome and microglial cells. The results suggested that 6 weeks of CRS induced significant depression-like behaviors based on the sucrose preference test (SPT), tail suspension test (TST), and forced swimming test (FST), which were accompanied by increases in the expression of IL-6 and the activation of hippocampal microglial cells. Chronic treatment with IOMO (25 mg/kg, i.g.) for 28 days significantly reversed these depression-like behaviors and inhibited the activation of microglial cells. Furthermore, LPS (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) also significantly induced depression-like behaviors in the TST, FST, and novelty-suppressed feeding test (NSFT), as well as increased the expression of IL-1β and caspase-1, and activated the microglial cells and the NLRP3 inflammasome in the hippocampus. Treatment with IOMO for 9 days significantly reversed these depression-like behaviors and normalized the LPS-induced activation of the microglial cells and NLRP3 inflammasome. Taken together, these results suggested that IOMO exerted antidepressant-like effects via hippocampal microglial NLRP3 inflammasome mediation followed by caspase-1 inhibition and the production of IL-1β. These findings provide a basis for developing new antidepressants targeting the microglial NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Kai Lai
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Yu Yin
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao-Zhao Yan
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian-Qian Wei
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Feng Li
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Li-Ming Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu-Lu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.
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21
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Yamada K, Tanaka T, Kai K, Matsufuji S, Ito K, Kitajima Y, Manabe T, Noshiro H. Suppression of NASH-Related HCC by Farnesyltransferase Inhibitor through Inhibition of Inflammation and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11546. [PMID: 37511305 PMCID: PMC10380354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory processes play major roles in carcinogenesis and the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) derived from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). But, there are no therapies for NASH-related HCC, especially focusing on these critical steps. Previous studies have reported that farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) have anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. However, the influence of FTIs on NASH-related HCC has not been elucidated. In hepatoblastoma and HCC cell lines, HepG2, Hep3B, and Huh-7, we confirmed the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, an accelerator of tumor aggressiveness and the inflammatory response. We established NASH-related HCC models under inflammation and free fatty acid burden and confirmed that HIF-1α expression was increased under both conditions. Tipifarnib, which is an FTI, strongly suppressed increased HIF-1α, inhibited cell proliferation, and induced apoptosis. Simultaneously, intracellular interleukin-6 as an inflammation marker was increased under both conditions and significantly suppressed by tipifarnib. Additionally, tipifarnib suppressed the expression of phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB and transforming growth factor-β. Finally, in a NASH-related HCC mouse model burdened with diethylnitrosamine and a high-fat diet, tipifarnib significantly reduced tumor nodule formation in association with decreased serum interleukin-6. In conclusion, tipifarnib has anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects in a NASH-related HCC model and may be a promising new agent to treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Keita Kai
- Department of Pathology, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Shohei Matsufuji
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Kotaro Ito
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kitajima
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga 849-8501, Japan
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Higashisaga Hospital, Saga 849-0101, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Manabe
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Noshiro
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga 849-8501, Japan
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22
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Arpacı AH, Çalıskan H, Güneş E, Işık B. Effects of the Recurrent and Different Doses of Ketamine Exposure on Anxiety-like Behaviors and Locomotor Activity in Juvenile Rats. Curr Alzheimer Res 2023; 19:CAR-EPUB-130057. [PMID: 36892030 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666230308123718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ketamine is a widely used anesthetic agent. Although the potential adverse effects of ketamine use in juvenile age are uncertain, certain studies reported that children exposed to recurrent anesthesia could face an increased risk of neurodevelopmental deficits in motor function and behavioral risks. We aimed to investigate the long-term effects of repeated exposure to various ketamine doses on anxious behavior and locomotor activity in juvenile rats. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the long-term effects of repeated exposure to various ketamine doses on anxious behavior and locomotor activity in juvenile rats. METHODS Thirty-two Wistar Albino juvenile male rats were randomized into 5 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, and 50 mg/kg ketamine (KET) and saline (Group C) Groups and KET was administered for 3 consecutive days at 3-hour intervals in 3 doses. Ten days after the last KET dose, behavioral parameters were analyzed with an open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze (EPM), and light-dark box (LDB). Satistical analysis was conducted with Kruskall-Wallis test followed by Dunn's Multiple Comparison Test. RESULTS Unsupported rearing behavior decreased in 50 mg/kg KET Groups when compared to Group C. Incorrect transition time, total grooming time, and transfer latency time increased significantly in the 50 mg/kg KET Group when compared to Group C. CONCLUSION These results suggested that 50 mg/kg KET led to anxiety-like behavior and destroyed memory and spatial navigation. Ketamine doses were associated with late effects of ketamine on anxiety- like behavior in juvenile rats. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanisms that play a role in the different effects of ketamine doses on anxiety and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Hande Arpacı
- Anesthesiology and Reanimation Specialist, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hasan Çalıskan
- Department of Physiology, Balıkesir University, Faculty of Medicine, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Emel Güneş
- Physiology Department, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berrin Işık
- Anesthesiology and Reanimation Specialist, Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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23
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da Silva Moreira S, de Matos Manoel B, Inácio JPG, de Souza CG, Reis ACC, Jorge BC, de Aquino AM, Scarano WR, Cardoso CAL, Arena AC. Lactational exposure to venlafaxine provokes late repercussions on reproductive parameters in male rat offspring. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:387-401. [PMID: 36063371 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors can affect hormone-dependent processes, such as the brain sexual differentiation. Because the use of these antidepressants cause concern during lactation, we evaluated the possible effects of venlafaxine on lactational exposure and its late repercussions on reproductive parameters in male rats. Lactating rats were exposed to venlafaxine (3.85, 7.7, or 15.4 mg/kg/body weight; gavage), from lactational day 1 to 20. Venlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine residues were found in all milk samples of dams treated, demonstrating the lactational transfer of this antidepressant to the offspring. Although the maternal behavior was normal, the dams presented an increase in urea and uric acid levels in the groups treated with 7.7 and 15.4, respectively, as well as a spleen weight increased in the 3.85 and 15.4 groups. The male offspring showed a decrease in play behavior parameters in the intermediate dose group. Sperm analysis indicated a reduction in sperm motility in all treated groups. The androgen receptor expression in the hypothalamus was decreased in the highest dose group, although the sexual behavior had not been affected. In conclusion, venlafaxine was transferred through breast milk and promoted changes in play behavior, sperm quality, and hypothalamic androgen receptor (AR) content, which may indicate an incomplete masculinization of the brain of male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyane da Silva Moreira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Beatriz de Matos Manoel
- School of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, UFGD, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Gaspar Inácio
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Carolina Gabrielli de Souza
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Casali Reis
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Campos Jorge
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Ariana Musa de Aquino
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Wellerson Rodrigo Scarano
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | | | - Arielle Cristina Arena
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil.,Center of Toxicological Assistance (CEATOX), Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista - Botucatu (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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24
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Motawi TK, El-Maraghy SA, Kamel AS, Said SE, Kortam MA. Modulation of p38 MAPK and Nrf2/HO-1/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling and pyroptosis outline the anti-neuroinflammatory and remyelinating characters of Clemastine in EAE rat model. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 209:115435. [PMID: 36720356 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
There is vast evidence for the effect of NOD-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome on multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. Clemastine (CLM) targets NLRP3 in hypoxic brain injury and promotes oligodendrocyte differentiation. However, no previous study pointed to the link of CLM with inflammasome components in MS. Herein, the study aimed to verify the action of CLM on NLRP3 signaling in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as an MS rat model. Homogenate of spinal cord with complete Freund's adjuvant was administered on days 0 and 7 to induce EAE. Rats received either CLM (5 mg/kg/day; p.o.) or MCC950 (2.5 mg/kg/day; i.p) for 15 days starting from the first immunization day. In EAEs' brains, NLRP3 pathway components; total and phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), caspase-1, interleukins 1β and -18 along with pyroptotic marker; gasdermin D (GSDMD) were upregulated. These were accompanied with diminished nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and total antioxidant capacity levels. CLM improved these perturbations as well as signs of MS; weight loss, clinical scores, and motor disorders observed in the open field, hanging wire and rotarod tests. Histopathological examinations revealed improvement in H&E abnormalities and axonal demyelination as shown by luxol fast blue stain in lumbar sections of spinal cord. These CLM's actions were studied in comparison to MCC950 as a well-established selective blocker of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Conclusively, CLM has a protective role against neuroinflammation and demyelination in EAE via its anti-inflammatory and anti-pyroptotic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek K Motawi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Ainy st., 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Shohda A El-Maraghy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Ainy st., 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed S Kamel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Ainy st., 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Salma E Said
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Ainy st., 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mona A Kortam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Ainy st., 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
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25
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Franco NH, Fry DJ. Case-based teaching of experimental design - contributions for meaningful learning. Lab Anim 2023; 57:192-203. [PMID: 36739493 DOI: 10.1177/00236772221150299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This article argues the need for education and training of researchers carrying out animal studies on the fundamentals of experimental design (ED), as a key means of improving the reliability and reproducibility of preclinical results. The current landscape in ED education in Europe is presented, and we make the case for dedicated tutor-guided teaching of ED. With less than a day dedicated to it in many courses effective techniques for communicating key issues are needed. We have developed two approaches that transfer to experimental design teaching the case-study, problem-solving techniques known to be effective in other fields. They use realistic research scenarios to provoke discussion and engage learning. In one the scenario is for group discussion or informal or formal assessment with subsequent tutor-led discussion of key points. For this each scenario needs a clear statement of the purpose of the research study, simplified text outlining the comparisons and procedures, and a statement of the outcome measure. In the other approach, the scenario is used with freely-available software with a good graphical output to explore the sizing of experiments and the use of both sexes. Trainee feedback and informal assessment show that these approaches can make for interesting and memorable sessions and offer a useful contribution to improvement in experimental design teaching so that it produces meaningful learning that can translate into better practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno H Franco
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Derek J Fry
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
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Piper SK, Zocholl D, Toelch U, Roehle R, Stroux A, Hoessler J, Zinke A, Konietschke F. Statistical review of animal trials-A guideline. Biom J 2023; 65:e2200061. [PMID: 36071025 DOI: 10.1002/bimj.202200061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Any experiment involving living organisms requires justification of the need and moral defensibleness of the study. Statistical planning, design, and sample size calculation of the experiment are no less important review criteria than general medical and ethical points to consider. Errors made in the statistical planning and data evaluation phase can have severe consequences on both results and conclusions. They might proliferate and thus impact future trials-an unintended outcome of fundamental research with profound ethical consequences. Unified statistical standards are currently missing for animal review boards in Germany. In order to accompany, we developed a biometric form to be filled and handed in with the proposal at the concerned local authority on animal welfare. It addresses relevant points to consider for biostatistical planning of animal experiments and can help both the applicants and the reviewers in overseeing the entire experiment(s) planned. Furthermore, the form might also aid in meeting the current standards set by the 3+3R's principle of animal experimentation: Replacement, Reduction, Refinement as well as Robustness, Registration, and Reporting. The form has already been in use by the concerned local authority of animal welfare in Berlin, Germany. In addition, we provide reference to our user guide giving more detailed explanation and examples for each section of the biometric form. Unifying the set of biostatistical aspects will help both the applicants and the reviewers to equal standards and increase quality of preclinical research projects, also for translational, multicenter, or international studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie K Piper
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Informatics, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dario Zocholl
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulf Toelch
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Roehle
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Clinical Trial Office, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Stroux
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna Hoessler
- Landesamt für Gesundheit und Soziales, Referat für gesundheitlichen Verbraucherschutz, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Zinke
- Landesamt für Gesundheit und Soziales, Referat für gesundheitlichen Verbraucherschutz, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Konietschke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Vollbrecht PJ, Nesbitt KM, Addis VM, Boulnemour KM, Micheli DA, Smith KB, Sandoval DA, Kennedy RT, Ferrario CR. Differential regulation of nucleus accumbens glutamate and GABA in obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats. J Neurochem 2023; 164:499-511. [PMID: 36336816 PMCID: PMC10604761 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the leading health concerns in the United States. Studies from human and rodent models suggest that inherent differences in the function of brain motivation centers, including the nucleus accumbens (NAc), contribute to overeating and thus obesity. For example, there are basal enhancements in the excitability of NAc GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSN) and reductions in basal expression of AMPA-type glutamate receptors in obesity-prone vs obesity-resistant rats. However, very little is known about the regulation of extracellular glutamate and GABA within the NAc of these models. Here we gave obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats stable isotope-labeled glucose (13 C6 -glucose) and used liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of NAc dialysate to examine the real-time incorporation of 13 C6 -glucose into glutamate, glutamine, and GABA. This novel approach allowed us to identify differences in glucose utilization for neurotransmitter production between these selectively bred lines. We found that voluntarily ingested or gastrically infused 13 C6 -glucose rapidly enters the NAc and is incorporated into 13 C2 -glutamine, 13 C2 -glutamate, and 13 C2 -GABA in both groups within minutes. However, the magnitude of increases in NAc 13 C2 -glutamine and 13 C2 -GABA were lower in obesity-prone than in obesity-resistant rats, while basal levels of glutamate were elevated. This suggested that there may be differences in the astrocytic regulation of these analytes. Thus, we next examined NAc glutamine synthetase, GAD67, and GLT-1 protein expression. Consistent with reduced 13 C2 -glutamine and 13 C2 -GABA, NAc glutamine synthetase and GLT-1 protein expression were reduced in obesity-prone vs obesity-resistant groups. Taken together, these data show that NAc glucose utilization differs dramatically between obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats, favoring glutamate over GABA production in obesity-prone rats and that reductions in NAc astrocytic recycling of glutamate contribute to these differences. These data are discussed in light of established differences in NAc function between these models and the role of the NAc in feeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Vollbrecht
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI
| | - Kathryn M. Nesbitt
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Victoria M. Addis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI
| | - Keenan M. Boulnemour
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI
| | - Daniel A. Micheli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI
| | - Kendall B. Smith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI
| | - Darleen A. Sandoval
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Anshutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Robert T. Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Carrie R. Ferrario
- Department of Pharmacology, Psychology Department (Biopsychology) University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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28
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Mulgrave VE, Alsayegh AA, Jaldi A, Omire-Mayor DT, James N, Ntekim O, Walters E, Akala EO, Allard JS. Exercise modulates APOE expression in brain cortex of female APOE3 and APOE4 targeted replacement mice. Neuropeptides 2023; 97:102307. [PMID: 36434832 PMCID: PMC9839612 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2022.102307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is the main cholesterol carrier of the brain and the ε4 gene variant (APOE4) is the most prevalent genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), increasing risk up to 15-fold. Several studies indicate that APOE4 modulates critical factors for neuronal function, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α). Both proteins show exercise-induced upregulation, which is presumed to mediate many of the beneficial effects of physical activity including improved cognition; however, there is variability in results between individuals potentially in-part due to genetic variations including APOE isoform. This study aimed to determine if the two most prevalent human APOE isoforms influence adaptive responses to exercise-training. Targeted replacement mice, homozygous for either APOE3 or APOE4 were randomized into exercised and sedentary groups. Baseline locomotor function and voluntary wheel-running behavior was reduced in APOE4 mice. Exercised groups were subjected to daily treadmill running for 8 weeks. ApoE protein in brain cortex was significantly increased by exercise in both genotypes. PGC-1α mRNA levels in brain cortex were significantly lower in APOE4 mice, and only tended to increase with exercise in both genotypes. Hippocampal BDNF protein were similar between genotypes and was not significantly modulated by treadmill running. Behavioral and biochemical variations between APOE3 and APOE4 mice likely contribute to the differential risk for neurological and vascular diseases and the exercise-induced increase in ApoE levels suggests an added feature of the potential efficacy of physical activity as a preventative and therapeutic strategy for neurogenerative processes in both genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verona E Mulgrave
- Dept. of Nutritional Sciences, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Abdulrahman A Alsayegh
- Dept. of Nutritional Sciences, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aida Jaldi
- Dept of Physiology & Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Niaya James
- Dept of Physiology & Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Oyonumo Ntekim
- Dept. of Nutritional Sciences, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Eric Walters
- Dept. of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Emanuel O Akala
- Dept of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Joanne S Allard
- Dept of Physiology & Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
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29
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Choi H, Yang L, Liu Y, Jeong JK, Cho ES. Inactivation of Sufu in cementoblasts accelerates external tooth root resorption. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:447-458. [PMID: 36598878 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cementum has been empirically regarded as an antiresorptive barrier against tooth roots. However, little is known about the factors of homeostasis and resistant mechanisms of tooth roots against resorption. Here, we investigated cementum factors and their interaction against resorption using transgenic mice exhibiting external cervical root resorption (ECRR). Ectopically thickened cervical cementum caused by functional inactivation of ectonucleotide pyrophosphotase/phosphodiesterase 1 (Enpp1) was susceptible to ECRR with aging. In addition, the inactivation of the suppressor of fused (Sufu), a Hedgehog signaling inhibitor, in cementoblasts led to ECRR. Interestingly, concurrent inactivation of Sufu and Enpp1 in cementoblasts remarkably exacerbated ECRR with higher Rankl expression. Cellular and molecular analyses using cementoblasts and bone marrow-derived macrophages indicated that Dickkopf-related protein 1 (Dkk1) induced by the inactivation of Sufu in cementoblasts has roles in the acceleration of ECRR triggered by Enpp1 inactivation. Using compound mutant mice for concurrent Wntless and Enpp1 inactivation, this synergistic cooperation of Dkk1 and Npp1 for resorption found in double mutant Sufu and Enpp1 mice was confirmed by the reproduction of amplified ECRR. On the basis of these findings, we conclude that proper Npp1 function and sustained Wnt activity in the cervical cementum are essential for the homeostasis of tooth roots against resorption in a physiological state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwajung Choi
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Liu Yang
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Yudong Liu
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Ju-Kyung Jeong
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Eui-Sic Cho
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
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30
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Ibrahim MM, Liu Y, Ure K, Hall CW, Mah TF, Abdelbary H. Establishment of a Novel Rat Model of Gram-Negative Periprosthetic Joint Infection Using Cementless Hip Hemiarthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2023; 105:42-52. [PMID: 36598474 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.22.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gram-negative periprosthetic joint infections (GN-PJIs) present unique challenges. Our aim was to establish a clinically representative GN-PJI model that recapitulates biofilm formation in vivo. We also hypothesized that biofilm formation on the implant surface would affect its ability to osseointegrate. METHODS Three-dimensionally-printed medical-grade titanium hip implants were used to replace the femoral heads of male Sprague-Dawley rats. GN-PJI was induced using 2 bioluminescent Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains: a reference strain (PA14-lux) and a mutant biofilm-defective strain (ΔflgK-lux). Infection was monitored in real time using an in vivo imaging system (IVIS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Bacterial loads were quantified utilizing the viable colony count. Biofilm formation at the bone-implant interface was visualized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Implant stability, as an outcome, was directly assessed by quantifying osseointegration using microcomputed tomography, and indirectly assessed by identifying gait-pattern changes. RESULTS Bioluminescence detected by the IVIS was focused on the hip region and demonstrated localized infection, with greater ability of PA14-lux to persist in the model compared with the ΔflgK-lux strain, which is defective in biofilm formation. This was corroborated by MRI, as PA14-lux induced relatively larger implant-related abscesses. Biofilm formation at the bone-implant interface induced by PA14-lux was visualized using FE-SEM versus defective-biofilm formation by ΔflgK-lux. Quantitatively, the average viable colony count of the sonicated implants, in colony-forming units/mL, was 3.77 × 108 for PA14-lux versus 3.65 × 103 for ΔflgK-lux, with a 95% confidence interval around the difference of 1.45 × 108 to 6.08 × 108 (p = 0.0025). This difference in the ability to persist in the model was reflected significantly on implant osseointegration, with a mean intersection surface of 4.1 × 106 ± 1.99 × 106 μm2 for PA14-lux versus 6.44 × 106 ± 2.53 × 106 μm2 for ΔflgK-lux and 7.08 × 106 ± 1.55 × 106 μm2 for the noninfected control (p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this proposed, novel in vivo biofilm-based model is the most clinically representative for GN-PJI to date, since animals can bear weight on the implant, poor osseointegration was associated with biofilm formation, and localized PJI was assessed by various modalities. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This model will allow for more reliable testing of novel biofilm-targeting therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen M Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yun Liu
- Materials Characterization Core Facility, Centre for Advanced Materials Research (CAMaR), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kerstin Ure
- Animal Behavior and Physiology Core, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Clayton W Hall
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thien-Fah Mah
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hesham Abdelbary
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Valencia-Hernández I, González-Piña R, García-Díaz G, Ramos-Languren L, Parra-Cid C, Lomelí J, Montes S, Ríos C, Bueno-Nava A. Alpha 2-adrenergic receptor activation reinstates motor deficits in rats recovering from cortical injury. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:875-880. [DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.353501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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32
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Effect of Mechanical Stimuli and Zoledronic Acid on the Femoral Bone Morphology in Rats with Obesity and Limited Mobility. J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010043. [PMID: 36614859 PMCID: PMC9820925 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to compare the impact of zoledronic acid and whole-body vibration (WBV) as a non-pharmacological method of treatment for early obesity/immobility-related osteoporosis in male rat models. In total, 36 male Wistar rats were assigned to the following groups: obese control with immobility (Control, n = 12) and two experimental groups (n = 12 each), including obese and immobile rats subjected to whole-body vibration with an acceleration level of 3 m/s2 g (obesity and immobility + WBV) and obese and immobile rats that received an intramuscular injection of zoledronic acid at a dose of 0.025 mg/kg (obesity and immobility + ZOL). After the 8th and 16th week of treatment, n = 6 rats from each group were euthanized and isolated femora were subjected to a histological examination of bone, and analysis of the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) involved in bone turnover and the amount of thin collagen fibers (PSR stain). The obtained results showed that short-term vibrotherapy (up to 8 weeks) can lead to improvement in bone remodeling in rat models with obesity and limited mobility.
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Significance of medication discontinuation on bisphosphonate-related jaw osteonecrosis in a rat model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21449. [PMID: 36509781 PMCID: PMC9744902 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25347-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphosphonate (BP) discontinuation has been advised as a measure to prevent the incidence of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ), however, its efficacy remains controversial. This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of BP discontinuation in reducing BRONJ severity following tooth extraction in a rat model. Thirty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two BRONJ model categories: oral administration (PO) of alendronate (1 mg/kg) for 3 and 8 weeks and intraperitoneal (IP) injection of pamidronate (3 mg/kg) and dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) for 20 days. The PO model was divided into five groups (a control group without BPs and four experimental groups with 1-week discontinuation). The IP model was divided into two groups consisting of group I (without discontinuation) and group II (1-week discontinuation). One molar from both sides of the mandible was extracted. After extraction, the PO models were sacrificed at 3 and 5 weeks, and the IP models were sacrificed either immediately or at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Micro-CT showed non-significant differences among PO groups but significant differences were observed between IP groups. Most bone remodeling parameters within group I of the IP model differed significantly (p-value < 0.05). Histologically, group I showed a significantly higher percentage of necrotic bone than group II (51.93 ± 12.75%, p < 0.05) and a higher number of detached osteoclasts in TRAP staining. With discontinuation of medication for at least 1 week in rats, the effects of BPs on alveolar bone are suppressed and bone turnover and osteoclast functions are restored.
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Safety evaluation of ondansetron after gestational exposure on male reproductive parameters in rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 137:105302. [PMID: 36442580 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ondansetron is a 5HT3 receptor antagonist widely used to treat hyperemesis gravidarum, although its safety is still questionable. Since 5HT3 receptors, which are the target of this drug, can interfere with brain development through changes in neurotransmitter levels, this study evaluated whether the prenatal exposure to this drug could compromise reproductive and behavioral parameters in male offspring. Pregnant rats were treated with ondansetron (1.7 and 2.5 mg/kg/body weight; gavage), from gestational day 1-21. No exposure-related changes in clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, pregnancy length, and necropsy findings were observed in dams. Ondansetron exposure did not alter the anogenital distance or age of preputial separation in male offspring. Similarly, males exposed to therapeutic doses of ondansetron did not exhibit changes in play behavior. In adulthood, there were no changes in sperm parameters, as well as in testosterone level, sexual behavior and fertility. Furthermore, ondansetron did not interfere with testicular and epididymal histology, and with androgen receptor expression in hypothalamus. In conclusion, prenatal exposure to ondansetron did not cause maternal toxicity, as well as did not interfere with reproductive parameters of male offspring, indicating its safety after gestational exposure in rats.
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Song Y, Du Y, An Y, Zheng J, Lu Y. A systematic review and meta-analysis of cognitive and behavioral tests in rodents treated with different doses of D-ribose. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1036315. [PMID: 36438006 PMCID: PMC9681890 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1036315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND D-ribose is an aldehyde sugar and a necessary component of all living cells. Numerous reports have focused on D-ribose intervention in animal models to assess the negative effects of D-ribose on cognition. However, the results across these studies are inconsistent and the doses and actual effects of D-ribose on cognition remain unclear. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effect of D-ribose on cognition in rodents. METHODS The articles from PubMed, Embase, Sciverse Scopus, Web of Science, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, SinoMed, Wanfang, and Cqvip databases were screened. The results from the abstract on cognitive-related behavioral tests and biochemical markers from the included articles were extracted and the reporting quality was assessed. RESULTS A total of eight trials involving 289 rodents met the eligibility criteria, and both low- and high-dose groups were included. Meta-analyses of these studies showed that D-ribose could cause a significant decrease in the number of platform crossings (standardized mean difference [SMD]: -0.80; 95% CI: -1.14, -0.46; p < 0.00001), percentage of distance traversed in the target quadrant (SMD: -1.20; 95% CI: -1.47, -0.92; p < 0.00001), percentage of time spent in the target quadrant (SMD: -0.93; 95% CI: -1.18, -0.68; p < 0.00001), and prolonged escape latency (SMD: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.65; p = 0.001) in the Morris water maze test. Moreover, D-ribose intervention increased the levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the brain (SMD: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.63; p < 0.00001) and blood (SMD: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.92; p = 0.02). Subsequently, subgroup analysis for the dose of D-ribose intervention revealed that high doses injured cognitive function more significantly than low D-ribose doses. CONCLUSION D-ribose treatment caused cognitive impairment, and cognition deteriorated with increasing dose. Furthermore, the increase in AGEs in the blood and brain confirmed that D-ribose may be involved in cognitive impairment through non-enzymatic glycosylation resulting in the generation of AGEs. These findings provide a new research idea for unveiling basic mechanisms and prospective therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of patients with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Song
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yage Du
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu An
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Lu
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
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36
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Tanabayeva S, Almabayev Y, Kamyspaev M, Kulmanbetov R, Kopbayeva M, Akhmad N, Altynbekova G, Fakhradiyev I. Study of Morphological Changes in Rat Liver Caused by Occlusion of Inferior Vena Cava. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2022; 12:1451-1462. [PMID: 36340320 PMCID: PMC9630039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/objectives Up to date, there are no reports on animal survival rate and morphological changes in the liver caused by the impairment of blood outflow from the liver and its time dependence. Moreover, the impact of duration and degree of occlusion of inferior vena cava on pathological changes was not investigated yet. This study aimed at the assessment of the survival rate and morphological changes in the liver with varying degrees of occlusion of inferior vena cava. The exact timing of the reversibility of pathological processes was determined. Methods Rats (n = 160) were randomly divided into five groups: I - control group (CG) (n = 20); II - sham group (SG) (n = 20); III - intervention group (IG-1) (narrowing of the lumen of the inferior vena cava by 25%) (n = 40); IV intervention group (IG-2) (narrowing by 50%) (n = 40); and intervention group V (IG-3) (narrowing by 75%) (n = 40). The level of postoperative pain, the body and liver weight of the animals, histological examination, morphometry, and macroscopic evaluation of abdominal organs were carried out on the 1, 3, 7, 14, and 30 days following the surgical intervention. The survival rate of animals was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results On the 30th day, the rat grimace scale indices in the IG-1 (P ≤ 0.05), IG-2, and IG-3 (P ≤ 0.001) groups were higher. By body weight, this indicator on the 30th day was lower in the IG-1 (P ≤ 0.05), IG-2, and IG-3 (P ≤ 0.001) groups compared to the CG and SG groups. In the IG1 and IG2 groups, the survival rates were 72.5% and 65.0%, respectively. The lowest survival rate was observed in the IG3 group (22.5%). Conclusions Compression of the inferior vena cava by 75% led to an increase in animal mortality and the development of persistent morphological changes in the liver. At the same time, the survival rate of animals and the extent of changes in the liver with narrowing of the inferior vena cava by 25% and 50% had similar results. The results acquired possess scientific and practical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shynar Tanabayeva
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Marat Kamyspaev
- Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan, Kazakhstan
| | - Ruslan Kulmanbetov
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Maira Kopbayeva
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurgulim Akhmad
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Ildar Fakhradiyev
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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AKBULUT Ö. Determination of Sample Size in Animal Experiments with Resource Equation Method and Power Analysis Abstract. KAHRAMANMARAŞ SÜTÇÜ İMAM ÜNIVERSITESI TIP FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2022. [DOI: 10.17517/ksutfd.1123704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Amaç
Klinik öncesi araştırmalarda hayvan deneyleri sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Hayvan deneylerinin projelendirilmesinde örneklem büyüklüğünün belirlenmesi için kullanılan güncel yöntemlerden biri “kaynak eşitlik yöntemi”dir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; farklı araştırma tasarımları için kaynak eşitlik yöntemi ile örneklem büyüklüklerini ve bu örneklemlerin istatistiksel gücünü belirlemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler
Örneklem büyüklükleri bilim yazında bildirilen kaynak eşitlik yöntemi formülleri ile hesaplandı. Bu çalışmada eşitlikler tek grup tasarımları ve faktöriyel tasarımlar için genişletildi. Güç analizlerinin hesaplanmasında G*Power 3.1 yazılımı kullandı.
Bulgular
Sık kullanılan araştırma tasarımları için hesaplanan örneklem büyüklükleri tablolarda özetlendi. Örneklem büyüklükleri tek grup tasarımda 11 ile 21 arasında, ikiden fazla bağımsız grupta ise 15 ile 25 arasında değişmektedir. Tekrarlı ölçümlerde örneklem büyüklükleri bağımsız gruplara göre daha küçük bulundu. Faktöriyel tasarımlarda her bir alt grupta iki veya üç denek yeterli olduğu tespit edildi.
Sonuç
Kaynak eşitlik yöntemi ile belirlenen örneklem büyüklükleri tüm tasarımlarda, hayvan deneyleri için uygun büyüklüktedir. Yöntem sürekli değişkenler için kullanılabilir. Ancak istatistiksel güç değerleri %80 güç düzeyine göre genellikle düşüktür.
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Manoppo JIC, Nurkolis F, Pramono A, Ardiaria M, Murbawani EA, Yusuf M, Qhabibi FR, Yusuf VM, Amar N, Karim MRA, Subali AD, Natanael H, Rompies R, Halim RF, Bolang ASL, Joey G, Novianto CA, Permatasari HK. Amelioration of obesity-related metabolic disorders via supplementation of Caulerpa lentillifera in rats fed with a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1010867. [PMID: 36185651 PMCID: PMC9521187 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1010867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary modification, including functional foods, could reduce comorbidities due to obesity. An increase in serum glucose and lipids is often seen in obesity. Furthermore, obesity is also characterized by a decrease in antioxidant capacity (i.e., decrease in superoxide dismutase/SOD) and downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). It has been well established that PGC-1α is important to regulate mitochondrial biogenesis. Sea grapes (Caulerpa lentillifera) are known as a traditional food in many Asia-Pacific countries. Recent evidence suggests that sea grapes have many beneficial properties as functional foods and may have potential therapeutic functions. We investigated the effect of sea grapes (C. lentillifera) on serum glucose, lipids, PGC-1α, and protein levels of SOD in the liver of Rattus norvegicus, which is induced with a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet. A total of four groups were made, each containing ten male Rattus norvegicus; group A received a standard dry pellet diet as control, group B received cholesterol- and fat-enriched diets (CFED), groups C and D received CFED and 150 and 450 mg/kg body weight (BW) of sea grape extract, respectively, for 4 weeks. Serum glucose and cholesterol were assessed using a blood auto-analyzer. Serum PGC-1α was measured using ELISA. SOD levels were calculated using the superoxide dismutase assay kit by Sigma-Aldrich with blood taken from liver tissue. In this study, sea grape extracts improved total cholesterol levels better than the CFED and normal groups. The efficacy of total cholesterol improvement was similar between the two doses of sea grape extract. Furthermore, sea grape extract increased PCG-1α levels, especially with the dose of 150 mg/kg BW. Blood glucose was also lower in the groups of sea grape extract. Interestingly, the groups treated with sea grapes extract exhibited higher levels of liver SOD compared to the normal and CFED groups. To conclude, sea grapes (C. lentillifera) have promising potential for anti-hyperglycemia and anti-hypercholesterolemia, and for reducing oxidative stress, and providing various health benefits for metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fahrul Nurkolis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Adriyan Pramono
- Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
- Center of Nutrition Research (CENURE), Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
- *Correspondence: Adriyan Pramono,
| | - Martha Ardiaria
- Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Etisa Adi Murbawani
- Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Yusuf
- Medical Study Programme, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Faqrizal Ria Qhabibi
- Medical Study Programme, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | | | - Nasim Amar
- Medical Study Programme, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Hans Natanael
- Department of Pediatrics, Sam Ratulangi University/Prof.dr.R.D.Kandou Hospital Manado, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Ronald Rompies
- Department of Pediatrics, Sam Ratulangi University/Prof.dr.R.D.Kandou Hospital Manado, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Rifrita Fransisca Halim
- Department of Pediatrics, Sam Ratulangi University/Prof.dr.R.D.Kandou Hospital Manado, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | | | - Gregory Joey
- Department of Pediatrics, Sam Ratulangi University/Prof.dr.R.D.Kandou Hospital Manado, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Christian Agung Novianto
- Food Science and Technology Study Programme, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Happy Kurnia Permatasari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomolecular, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
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SLITRK1-mediated noradrenergic projection suppression in the neonatal prefrontal cortex. Commun Biol 2022; 5:935. [PMID: 36085162 PMCID: PMC9463131 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03891-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractSLITRK1 is an obsessive-compulsive disorder spectrum-disorders-associated gene that encodes a neuronal transmembrane protein. Here we show that SLITRK1 suppresses noradrenergic projections in the neonatal prefrontal cortex, and SLITRK1 functions are impaired by SLITRK1 mutations in patients with schizophrenia (S330A, a revertant of Homo sapiens-specific residue) and bipolar disorder (A444S). Slitrk1-KO newborns exhibit abnormal vocalizations, and their prefrontal cortices show excessive noradrenergic neurites and reduced Semaphorin3A expression, which suppresses noradrenergic neurite outgrowth in vitro. Slitrk1 can bind Dynamin1 and L1 family proteins (Neurofascin and L1CAM), as well as suppress Semaphorin3A-induced endocytosis. Neurofascin-binding kinetics is altered in S330A and A444S mutations. Consistent with the increased obsessive-compulsive disorder prevalence in males in childhood, the prefrontal cortex of male Slitrk1-KO newborns show increased noradrenaline levels, and serotonergic varicosity size. This study further elucidates the role of noradrenaline in controlling the development of the obsessive-compulsive disorder-related neural circuit.
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Arrazuria R, Kerscher B, Huber KE, Hoover JL, Lundberg CV, Hansen JU, Sordello S, Renard S, Aranzana-Climent V, Hughes D, Gribbon P, Friberg LE, Bekeredjian-Ding I. Variability of murine bacterial pneumonia models used to evaluate antimicrobial agents. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:988728. [PMID: 36160241 PMCID: PMC9493352 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.988728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has become one of the greatest threats to human health, and new antibacterial treatments are urgently needed. As a tool to develop novel therapies, animal models are essential to bridge the gap between preclinical and clinical research. However, despite common usage of in vivo models that mimic clinical infection, translational challenges remain high. Standardization of in vivo models is deemed necessary to improve the robustness and reproducibility of preclinical studies and thus translational research. The European Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI)-funded “Collaboration for prevention and treatment of MDR bacterial infections” (COMBINE) consortium, aims to develop a standardized, quality-controlled murine pneumonia model for preclinical efficacy testing of novel anti-infective candidates and to improve tools for the translation of preclinical data to the clinic. In this review of murine pneumonia model data published in the last 10 years, we present our findings of considerable variability in the protocols employed for testing the efficacy of antimicrobial compounds using this in vivo model. Based on specific inclusion criteria, fifty-three studies focusing on antimicrobial assessment against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii were reviewed in detail. The data revealed marked differences in the experimental design of the murine pneumonia models employed in the literature. Notably, several differences were observed in variables that are expected to impact the obtained results, such as the immune status of the animals, the age, infection route and sample processing, highlighting the necessity of a standardized model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakel Arrazuria
- Division of Microbiology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | | | - Karen E. Huber
- Division of Microbiology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Jennifer L. Hoover
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Collegeville, PA, United States
| | | | - Jon Ulf Hansen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Diarmaid Hughes
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Philip Gribbon
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Discovery Research ScreeningPort, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Isabelle Bekeredjian-Ding
- Division of Microbiology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- *Correspondence: Isabelle Bekeredjian-Ding,
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Merseburg A, Kasemir J, Buss EW, Leroy F, Bock T, Porro A, Barnett A, Tröder SE, Engeland B, Stockebrand M, Moroni A, Siegelbaum S, Isbrandt D, Santoro B. Seizures, behavioral deficits and adverse drug responses in two new genetic mouse models of HCN1 epileptic encephalopathy. eLife 2022; 11:70826. [PMID: 35972069 PMCID: PMC9481245 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo mutations in voltage- and ligand-gated channels have been associated with an increasing number of cases of developmental and epileptic encephalopathies, which often fail to respond to classic antiseizure medications. Here, we examine two knock-in mouse models replicating de novo sequence variations in the HCN1 voltage-gated channel gene, p.G391D and p.M153I (Hcn1G380D/+ and Hcn1M142I/+ in mouse), associated with severe drug-resistant neonatal- and childhood-onset epilepsy, respectively. Heterozygous mice from both lines displayed spontaneous generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Animals replicating the p.G391D variant had an overall more severe phenotype, with pronounced alterations in the levels and distribution of HCN1 protein, including disrupted targeting to the axon terminals of basket cell interneurons. In line with clinical reports from patients with pathogenic HCN1 sequence variations, administration of the antiepileptic Na+ channel antagonists lamotrigine and phenytoin resulted in the paradoxical induction of seizures in both mouse lines, consistent with an effect to further impair inhibitory neuron function. We also show that these variants can render HCN1 channels unresponsive to classic antagonists, indicating the need to screen mutated channels to identify novel compounds with diverse mechanism of action. Our results underscore the necessity of tailoring effective therapies for specific channel gene variants, and how strongly validated animal models may provide an invaluable tool towards reaching this objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Merseburg
- Experimental Neurophysiology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jacquelin Kasemir
- Experimental Neurophysiology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eric W Buss
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Felix Leroy
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Tobias Bock
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | | | - Anastasia Barnett
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Simon E Tröder
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Birgit Engeland
- Experimental Neurophysiology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Malte Stockebrand
- Experimental Neurophysiology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Moroni
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Steve Siegelbaum
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Dirk Isbrandt
- Experimental Neurophysiology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bina Santoro
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, United States
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Controlling the uncontrolled variation in the diet induced obese mouse by microbiomic characterization. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13767. [PMID: 35962158 PMCID: PMC9374709 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17242-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Group sizes in an animal study are calculated from estimates on variation, effect, power and significance level. Much of the variation in glucose related parameters of the diet-induced obese (DIO) mouse model is due to inter-individual variation in gut microbiota composition. In addition, standard tandem repeats (STRs) in the non-coding DNA shows that inbred mice are not always homogenic. C57BL/6NTac (B6NTac) mice from Taconic and C57BL/6NRj (B6NRj) mice from Janvier Labs were fed a high calorie diet and treated with liraglutide. The fecal microbiota was sequenced before high-calorie feeding (time 1) and after diet-induced obesity instantly before liraglutide treatment (time 2) and mice were divided into clusters on the basis of their microbiota. Although liraglutide in both sub-strains alleviated glucose intolerance and reduced body weight, in a one-way ANOVA a borderline reduction in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) could only be shown in B6NTac mice. However, if the microbiota clusters from time 1 or time 2 were incorporated in a two-way ANOVA, the HbA1c effect was significant in B6NTac mice in both analyses, while this did not change anything in B6NRj mice. In a one-way ANOVA the estimated group size needed for a significant HbA1c effect in B6NTac mice was 42, but in two-way ANOVAs based upon microbiota clusters of time 1 or time 2 it was reduced to 21 or 12, respectively. The lowering impact on glucose tolerance was also powered by incorporation of microbiota clusters of both times in both sub-strains. B6NRj had up to six, while B6NTac had maximum three alleles in some of their STRs. In B6NRj mice in 28.8% of the STRs the most prevalent allele had a gene frequency less than 90%, while this was only 6.6% in the B6NTac mice. However, incorporation of the STRs with the highest number of alleles or the most even distribution of frequencies in two-way ANOVAs only had little impact on the outcome of data evaluation. It is concluded that the inclusion of microbiota clusters in a two-way ANOVA in the evaluation of the glucose related effects of an intervention in the DIO mouse model might be an efficient tool for increasing power and reducing group sizes in mouse sub-strains, if these have a microbiota, which influences these parameters.
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Benjamin K, Marquez CM, Morta M, Reyes EM, Aragones L, Velarde M. Bisphenol S Increases Cell Number and Stimulates Migration of Endometrial Epithelial Cells. J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc 2022; 38:13-22. [PMID: 37234927 PMCID: PMC10207871 DOI: 10.15605/jafes.037.s7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether bisphenol S (BPS), a common substitute for bisphenol A (BPA), induces cell proliferation and migration in human endometrial epithelial cells (Ishikawa) and adult mouse uterine tissues. METHODOLOGY Human endometrial Ishikawa cells were exposed to low doses of BPS (1 nM and 100 nM) for 72 hours. Cell proliferation was assessed through the viability assays MTT and CellTiter-Glo®. Wound healing assays were also used to evaluate the migration potential of the cell line. The expression of genes related to proliferation and migration was also determined. Similarly, adult mice were exposed to BPS at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight/day for 21 days, after which, the uterus was sent for histopathologic assessment. RESULTS BPS increased cell number and stimulated migration in Ishikawa cells, in association with the upregulation of estrogen receptor beta (ESR2) and vimentin (VIM). In addition, mice exposed to BPS showed a significantly higher mean number of endometrial glands within the endometrium. CONCLUSION Overall, in vitro and in vivo results obtained in this study showed that BPS could significantly promote endometrial epithelial cell proliferation and migration, a phenotype also observed with BPA exposure. Hence, the use of BPS in BPA-free products must be reassessed, as it may pose adverse reproductive health effects to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Benjamin
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila
- Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Cielo Mae Marquez
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Madeleine Morta
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Emmanuel Marc Reyes
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Lemnuel Aragones
- Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Michael Velarde
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
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Activation of GPR75 Signaling Pathway Contributes to the Effect of a 20-HETE Mimetic, 5,14-HEDGE, to Prevent Hypotensive and Tachycardic Responses to Lipopolysaccharide in a Rat Model of Septic Shock. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:276-293. [PMID: 35323151 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The orphan receptor, G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 75, which has been shown to mediate various effects of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), is considered as a therapeutic target in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in which changes in the production of 20-HETE play a key role in their pathogenesis. Our previous studies showed that 20-HETE mimetic, N -(20-hydroxyeicosa-5[Z],14[Z]-dienoyl)glycine (5,14-HEDGE), protects against vascular hyporeactivity, hypotension, tachycardia, and arterial inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats. This study tested the hypothesis that the GPR75 signaling pathway mediates these effects of 5,14-HEDGE in response to systemic exposure to LPS. Mean arterial pressure reduced by 33 mm Hg, and heart rate increased by 102 beats/min at 4 hours following LPS injection. Coimmunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that (1) the dissociation of GPR75/Gα q/11 and GPR kinase interactor 1 (GIT1)/protein kinase C (PKC) α, the association of GPR75/GIT1, large conductance voltage and calcium-activated potassium subunit β (MaxiKβ)/PKCα, MaxiKβ/proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase (c-Src), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/c-Src, MaxiKβ, and EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation were decreased, and (2) the association of GIT1/c-Src was increased in the arterial tissues of rats treated with LPS. The LPS-induced changes were prevented by 5,14-HEDGE. N -[20-Hydroxyeicosa-6( Z ),15( Z )-dienoyl]glycine, a 20-HETE antagonist, reversed the effects of 5,14-HEDGE in the arterial tissues of LPS-treated rats. Thus, similar to 20-HETE, by binding to GPR75 and activating the Gα q/11 /PKCα/MaxiKβ, GIT1/PKCα/MaxiKβ, GIT1/c-Src/MaxiKβ, and GIT1/c-Src/EGFR signaling pathways, 5,14-HEDGE may exert its protective effects against LPS-induced hypotension and tachycardia associated with vascular hyporeactivity and arterial inflammation.
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Malek MA, Dasiman R, Khan NAMN, Mohamed-Akhlak S, Mahmud MH. The protective effects of Procyanidin C-1 on bisphenol a-induced testicular dysfunction in aged mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Magnúsdóttir SO, Simonsen C, Rasmussen BS, Lund PE, Kjaergaard B. Continuous cardiac output measured with a Swan-Ganz catheter reacts too slowly in animal experiments with sudden circulatory failure. Animal Model Exp Med 2022; 5:258-265. [PMID: 35666028 PMCID: PMC9240745 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In many animal experiments, it is vital to detect sudden changes in cardiac output (CO). This porcine study compared CO that was measured with a Swan‐Ganz pulmonary catheter with the gold standard (which was a transit‐time flow probe around the pulmonary artery) during interventions that caused hemodynamic instability. Methods In one series, 7 pigs were exposed to sudden changes in CO. In another series, 9 pigs experienced more prolonged changes in CO. All the pigs had a Swan‐Ganz catheter placed into the pulmonary artery and a flow probe around the pulmonary artery. Adrenaline infusion and controlled hemorrhage were used to increase and decrease CO, respectively. The measurements of CO before and after each intervention were compared for correlation, agreement, and the time delay that it took each method to detect at least a 30% change in CO. A Bland–Altman test was used to identify correlations and agreements between the methods. Results In the first series, there was a delay of 5–7 min for the Swan Ganz catheter to register a 30% change in cardiac output, compared with the flow probe. However, during prolonged changes in CO in the second series, there was a good correlation between the 2 methods. Mixed venous oxygen saturation reacted faster to changes than did CO; both were measured via the Swan‐Ganz catheter. Conclusions In many animal studies, the use of Swan‐Ganz catheters is suitable; however, in experiments with sudden hemodynamic instability, the flow probe is the most advantageous method for measuring CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigríður Olga Magnúsdóttir
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Carsten Simonsen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Bodil Steen Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Peter Enemark Lund
- Unit of Clinical Biostatistics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Benedict Kjaergaard
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Rosin FCP, Borges G, Pelissari C, Buck MGT, Dos Santos AF, Rodrigues L, Luz JGC, Corrêa L. Effect of chronic ethanol ingestion on dendritic cell population during oral mucosal repair: An experimental study. Eur J Oral Sci 2022; 130:e12865. [PMID: 35482465 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of chronic ethanol ingestion on dendritic cell repopulation during the repair process of rat oral mucosa and in the rat spleen by analyzing the immunohistochemical expression of dendritic cell markers. Wistar rats ingested 20% ethanol solution for 28 days; a surgical wound was performed on the rat tongue after this period. The repair process and the number of CD1a+, CD11c+, and CD207+ cells in the regions adjacent to the wound were determined at day 1, 3, and 7 following the wound as well as in the rat spleen. The wound-only group (no ethanol exposure) had complete reepithelization after 7 days, but this did not occur in the ethanol + wound group at this time point. The inflammatory infiltrate was significantly reduced in animals exposed to ethanol, which also showed significantly lower counts of CD1a+, CD11c+, and CD207+ cells than the wound-only group at all experimental time points. In addition, ethanol exposure also resulted in lower densities of CD11c+ and CD207+ cells in the rat spleen. In conclusion, chronic ethanol intake had a negative impact on dendritic cell numbers, a fact that may contribute to delay in oral mucosa repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuliana Borges
- General Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cibele Pelissari
- Oral Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lucimar Rodrigues
- Oral Surgery Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Gualberto C Luz
- Oral Surgery Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Corrêa
- General Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sunarintyas S, Siswomihardjo W, Tsoi JK, Matinlinna JP. Biocompatibility and mechanical properties of an experimental E-glass fiber-reinforced composite for dentistry. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09552. [PMID: 35711989 PMCID: PMC9192806 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of experimental bis-phenol-A and bis-GMA free E-glass fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) prepared with hexanediol dimethacrylate (HDDMA) based resin. Methods Two ratios of HDDMA/TEGDMA resin were evaluated: exp-1 (70/30 wt.%) and exp-2 (50/50 wt.%) with two bis-GMA resin control groups (bis-GMA/MMA and bis-GMA/TEGDMA resins, both 70/30 wt.%). E-glass fibers were embedded into the resins to prepare FRCs specimens. Biocompatibility was assessed for cytoviability and biofilm formation with Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans. Mechanical properties were evaluated for flexural strength and hardness (24 h, water storage 1 and 28 days), water sorption (1, 7, 14, and 28 days), contact angle, and surface roughness. The data were analyzed statistically by one-way and two-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). Results Cytoviability of the experimental groups was significantly higher than the control groups (p < 0.05). The exp-1 cytoviability (98.2 ± 1.3%) met the ISO 10993-5 standard requirement for noncytotoxic materials. The adherence of bacteria to the experimental FRCs was visibly less than the controls, while Candida albicans adhered visibly more to the experimental groups than the controls (p < 0.05). Flexural strength showed slightly higher values for controls than for the experimental groups. The exp-1 hardness value was significantly higher in the control groups for all storage conditions (p < 0.05). The water sorption of the experimental groups was significantly higher than the controls. The surface roughness indicated no significant difference (p = 0.87). The exp-1 showed a higher contact angle with the control groups. Conclusion The experimental HDDMA/TEGDMA-based FRCs might be potential alternatives for bis-GMA-based FRCs. Clinical significance The HDDMA/TEGDMA E-glass FRCs might provide biocompatible restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Sunarintyas
- Dental Biomaterial Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Widowati Siswomihardjo
- Dental Biomaterial Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - James K.H. Tsoi
- Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jukka P. Matinlinna
- Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Proteomic and microbiota analyses of the oral cavity during psychological stress. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268155. [PMID: 35613108 PMCID: PMC9132284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress is associated with various oral diseases such as aphthous stomatitis, oral lichen planus, taste disturbances and glossodynia. However, the underlying mechanism is still unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of psychological stress on salivary proteins and the oral microbiota in a rat model of chronic restraint stress. Six-week-old Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to restraint stress for four hours daily for 1 month. The behavior, weights of the adrenal glands, and serum corticosterone levels were evaluated as stress markers. Proteomic analysis of the saliva was performed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry and Western blotting. Analysis of the oral microbiota was performed via 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing. The low mean body weights, lower number of entries and time spent in the open arm of elevated plus maze, high adrenal gland/body weight ratios, and high serum corticosterone levels confirmed the high levels of stress in the stress group of rats compared to the controls. Thirty-three protein spots were found to be significantly altered between the two groups. After silver staining, seven visible spots were subjected for mass spectrometry, and the expression levels of the two most significantly altered proteins, BPI fold containing family A member 2 and von Ebner’s gland protein, were confirmed by Western blotting. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed a significant reduction in alpha diversity in the stress group compared to the controls. The abundances of oral bacteria, such as Facklamia and Corynebacterium, were significantly altered between the two groups. Additionally, analysis with PICRUSt2 software predicted 37 different functional pathways to be altered between the groups. In conclusion, the present study identified altered salivary proteins and oral microbiota due to psychological stress. These findings might aid in understanding the pathogenesis of stress-related oral diseases.
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Ichise M, Sakoori K, Katayama KI, Morimura N, Yamada K, Ozawa H, Matsunaga H, Hatayama M, Aruga J. Leucine-Rich Repeats and Transmembrane Domain 2 Controls Protein Sorting in the Striatal Projection System and Its Deficiency Causes Disturbances in Motor Responses and Monoamine Dynamics. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:856315. [PMID: 35615067 PMCID: PMC9126195 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.856315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The striatum is involved in action selection, and its disturbance can cause movement disorders. Here, we show that leucine-rich repeats and transmembrane domain 2 (Lrtm2) controls protein sorting in striatal projection systems, and its deficiency causes disturbances in monoamine dynamics and behavior. The Lrtm2 protein was broadly detected in the brain, but it was enhanced in the olfactory bulb and dorsal striatum. Immunostaining revealed a strong signal in striatal projection output, including GABAergic presynaptic boutons of the SNr. In subcellular fractionation, Lrtm2 was abundantly recovered in the synaptic plasma membrane fraction, synaptic vesicle fraction, and microsome fraction. Lrtm2 KO mice exhibited altered motor responses in both voluntary explorations and forced exercise. Dopamine metabolite content was decreased in the dorsal striatum and hypothalamus, and serotonin turnover increased in the dorsal striatum. The prefrontal cortex showed age-dependent changes in dopamine metabolites. The distribution of glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) protein and gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor type B receptor 1 (GABABR1) protein was altered in the dorsal striatum. In cultured neurons, wild-type Lrtm2 protein enhanced axon trafficking of GAD67-GFP and GABABR1-GFP whereas such activity was defective in sorting signal-abolished Lrtm2 mutant proteins. The topical expression of hemagglutinin-epitope-tag (HA)-Lrtm2 and a protein sorting signal abolished HA-Lrtm2 mutant differentially affected GABABR1 protein distribution in the dorsal striatum. These results suggest that Lrtm2 is an essential component of striatal projection neurons, contributing to a better understanding of striatal pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misato Ichise
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuto Sakoori
- Laboratory for Behavioral and Developmental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI), Wako-shi, Japan
| | - Kei-ichi Katayama
- Laboratory for Behavioral and Developmental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI), Wako-shi, Japan
| | - Naoko Morimura
- Laboratory for Behavioral and Developmental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI), Wako-shi, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Yamada
- Support Unit for Animal Experiments, RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI), Wako-shi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ozawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hayato Matsunaga
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Minoru Hatayama
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Laboratory for Behavioral and Developmental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI), Wako-shi, Japan
| | - Jun Aruga
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Laboratory for Behavioral and Developmental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI), Wako-shi, Japan
- *Correspondence: Jun Aruga,
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