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Rogaleva LN, Zhong T, Garcia-Mas A. Is culture the key? Emotional intelligence, autonomous motivation and physical activity of student-athletes from China and Russia. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1420430. [PMID: 39049951 PMCID: PMC11267950 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1420430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Emotional intelligence is considered as an important factor impacting on sports motivation of students-athletes. Meanwhile the role of culture in the development of emotional intelligence is still insufficiently studied in sports psychology. The purpose of the study included comparing the indicators of emotional intelligence of student-athletes in China and Russia, identifying the relationship between emotional intelligence, sports motivation and physical activity, as well as studying the prognostic effect of emotional intelligence on autonomous motivation. The research was done among 474 student- athletes. In Chinese students sample (N = 281), the 163 men and 118 women. In the Russian student sample (N = 193), there were 64 men and 129 women. The following research methods were used: emotional intelligence scale, the sport motivation scale-6, the international physical activity questionnaire. The results of the study have showed that the level of emotional intelligence of Chinese student-athletes is higher than that of Russian students-athletes. Positive correlations between emotional intelligence, autonomous motivation and physical activity were found in both samples. At the same time, the correlation coefficient in the Russian sample was lower. A predictive relationship between emotional intelligence and autonomous motivation has been established; meanwhile the self-assessment of emotions and emotion regulation make the greatest contribution to autonomous motivation in the Chinese sample, while in the Russian sample there is only the use of emotions. Considering the cultural context can contribute to the preparation effective programs for the development of emotional intelligence and autonomous motivation for physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tao Zhong
- College of Sport and Health, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
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McGinley J, Stapleton E, Gale E, Worrall H, Podvin C, Ellis HB, Wilson PL, Ulman S. Differences in athletic identity, sport participation, and psychosocial factors following anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation in youth athletes. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1303887. [PMID: 38259536 PMCID: PMC10800524 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1303887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction While youth sports benefits the developing athlete, athletes may also be subject to injury and subsequent return-to-sport protocols. The current return-to-sport criteria emphasize physical measures; however, psychological measures may also be valuable to inform providers of an athlete's readiness. One such measure is athletic identity defined as the degree to which an individual identifies with the athlete role. To better understand athletic identity in return-to-sport, this study aimed to identify relationships and trends between the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS), demographic variables, sport participation measures, and the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28 (ACSI-28) in youth athletes during rehabilitation following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Methods A retrospective review was completed of patients who underwent ACLR at a sports medicine clinic between October 2019 and May 2021. Patients responded to a series of patient reported outcomes (PROs) regarding physical and psychological function at a pre-surgical baseline and after 1 year of rehabilitation. Patients were then divided into groups of high/low AIMS and an increased/decreased AIMS between 1 year and baseline for comparison. Independent samples t-tests and ANOVAs were performed as appropriate with a 95% confidence interval. Results In the final sample, 87 patients (15.3 ± 1.8 years) were included, with 51.7% being females. Total AIMS scores decreased from 50.3 to 47.5 over rehabilitation (p = 0.019). Furthermore, results indicated that nearly all AIMS scores decreased during rehabilitation, with none showing an increase; however, not all domains were significant. Conversely, all sport participation and coping ability PROs increased over time points except for ACSI-Confidence and Achievement Motivation. Generally, those in the groups with high AIMS and an increase in AIMS also had higher scores in physical function and coping ability PROs, with the groups separated by high/low AIMS exhibiting more frequent statistical significance. Discussion Given these results, it appears that athletes may lose identification with the athlete role after ACLR and struggle even 1 year for rehabilitation, but those who recover athletic identity the best may also be those able to cope most effectively with the stressors induced by injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- James McGinley
- Center for Excellence in Sports Medicine, Scottish Rite for Children Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Center, Frisco, TX, United States
| | - Emily Stapleton
- Department of Psychology, Scottish Rite for Children, Frisco, TX, United States
| | - Emily Gale
- Department of Psychology, Scottish Rite for Children, Frisco, TX, United States
| | - Hannah Worrall
- Center for Excellence in Sports Medicine, Scottish Rite for Children Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Center, Frisco, TX, United States
| | - Caroline Podvin
- Center for Excellence in Sports Medicine, Scottish Rite for Children Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Center, Frisco, TX, United States
| | - Henry B. Ellis
- Center for Excellence in Sports Medicine, Scottish Rite for Children Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Center, Frisco, TX, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Philip L. Wilson
- Center for Excellence in Sports Medicine, Scottish Rite for Children Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Center, Frisco, TX, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Sophia Ulman
- Center for Excellence in Sports Medicine, Scottish Rite for Children Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Center, Frisco, TX, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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Izzicupo P, Di Baldassarre A, Ghinassi B, Abelkalns I, Bisenieks U, Sánchez-Pato A, Cánovas-Alvarez FJ, Figueiredo AJ, García-Roca JA, Leiva-Arcas A, Meroño L, Paegle A, Radu LE, Rus CM, Rusu OM, Sarmento H, Stonis J, Vaquero-Cristóbal R, Vaz V, Doupona M, Capranica L. Exploring dual career quality implementation at European higher education institutions: Insights from university experts. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277485. [PMID: 36449451 PMCID: PMC9710783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This paper examines the convergence of the opinions of European higher education institution (HEI) experts on possible implementation of dual career policies and provision areas at university level. METHODS An online 32-item questionnaire encompassing 26 dual career aspects collected the opinion of European HEI experts as the last phase of a Delphi method preceded by i) focus groups with student-athletes who aimed to identify needs for dual careers and ii) a workshop with 21 dual career experts to generate the statements to be included in the survey. Seventy-one HEI experts from 12 EU member states participated in the survey, rating each dual career aspect identified in previous phases. RESULTS The relative position of each aspect has been plotted based on relevance (x-axis) and feasibility (y-axis). The Quadrant IV of the resulting scatterplots identified the following nine aspects rated as highly relevant and highly feasible for implementation: tutorship/mentorship, psychological support, programmes based on integration of academic departments and sports services, and adaptable programmes to the needs of each student-athletes (assistance/tutorship area), individual study plans and distance learning (curricula requirements area), publicity for student-athletes and initiatives for increasing the awareness of student-athletes and knowledge of dual career issues (social support area), and access to educational facilities (logistic support area). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The HEI experts' views represent a coherent and useful starting point to develop a deep understanding of the considered 26 aspects founded on a phenomenological lifeworld-led approach and emphasizes the need for a minimum standard for dual career policies and provisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Izzicupo
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. D’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti CH, Italy
| | - Angela Di Baldassarre
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. D’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti CH, Italy
| | - Barbara Ghinassi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. D’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti CH, Italy
| | - Ilvis Abelkalns
- University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
- European Athlete as Student Network, Ghaxaq, Malta
| | | | - Antonio Sánchez-Pato
- Olympic Studies Center, Faculty of Sport, Universidad Católica San Antonio, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - António J. Figueiredo
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Alejandro Leiva-Arcas
- Olympic Studies Center, Faculty of Sport, Universidad Católica San Antonio, Murcia, Spain
| | - Lourdes Meroño
- Olympic Studies Center, Faculty of Sport, Universidad Católica San Antonio, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Liliana-Elisabeta Radu
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" of Iași, Iași, Romania
| | - Cristian-Mihail Rus
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" of Iași, Iași, Romania
| | - Oana-Mihaela Rusu
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" of Iași, Iași, Romania
| | - Hugo Sarmento
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | | | - Vasco Vaz
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mojca Doupona
- European Athlete as Student Network, Ghaxaq, Malta
- Faculty of Sports, Department of Sport Sociology and History, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Laura Capranica
- European Athlete as Student Network, Ghaxaq, Malta
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Rome, Italy
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McGinley J, Stapleton E, Worrall H, Ellis HB, Wilson PL, Ulman S. Sport Participation and Psychosocial Factors Which Influence Athletic Identity in Youth Athletes With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury. Front Psychol 2022; 13:906300. [PMID: 35712149 PMCID: PMC9197472 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.906300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Athletic identity, or the degree with which individuals identify with the athlete role, is an important rehabilitation factor for sports care providers to consider; however, it lacks extensive study in youth. The purpose of this study was to identify demographic, sport participation, and psychosocial measures which correlate with youth athletic identity after anterior cruciate ligament injury. Participants completed standardized sports medicine intake and patient-reported outcome measures, including the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS). A total of 226 participants were included, and two groups were created based on high or low total AIMS score. Results indicated that sex (p = 0.002), years active in sport (p = 0.049), activity level (p = 0.038), and ACSI-Coachability (p = 0.027) differed by AIMS score. While youth athletes appear resilient, these results emphasize that they identify strongly with the athlete role and may suffer psychosocial consequences after injury. Future work should evaluate similar factors over course of recovery in a larger, diversified population.
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Affiliation(s)
- James McGinley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Center for Excellence in Sports Medicine, Scottish Rite for Children Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Center, Frisco, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: James McGinley,
| | - Emily Stapleton
- Department of Psychology, Scottish Rite for Children, Frisco, TX, United States
| | - Hannah Worrall
- Center for Excellence in Sports Medicine, Scottish Rite for Children Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Center, Frisco, TX, United States
| | - Henry B. Ellis
- Center for Excellence in Sports Medicine, Scottish Rite for Children Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Center, Frisco, TX, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Philip L. Wilson
- Center for Excellence in Sports Medicine, Scottish Rite for Children Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Center, Frisco, TX, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Sophia Ulman
- Center for Excellence in Sports Medicine, Scottish Rite for Children Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Center, Frisco, TX, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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Lee Y, Immekus J, Lim D, Hums M, Greenwell C, Cocco A, Kang M. Validation of the Student Athletes' Motivation Toward Sports and Academics Questionnaire (SAMSAQ) for Korean College Student-Athletes: An Application of Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling. Front Psychol 2022; 13:853236. [PMID: 35529580 PMCID: PMC9069065 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.853236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to validate the Korean version of the Student-Athletes' Motivation toward Sports and Academics Questionnaire (SAMSAQ) using exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM). A total of 412 (men 77%; women 23%) South Korean collegiate student-athletes competing in 27 types of sports from 13 different public and private universities across South Korea were analyzed for this study. ESEM statistical approach was employed to examine the psychometric properties of SAMSAQ-KR. To assess content validity, the SAMSAQ-KR was inspected by a panel of content subject experts. The Athletic Identity Measurement Scale was used to obtain convergent validity. The results of this study illustrated that the SAMSAQ-KR appears to be a robust and reliable instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjik Lee
- Department of Physical Education, Kookmin University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jason Immekus
- Department of Educational Leadership, Evaluation and Organizational Development, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Dayoun Lim
- Department of Sports and Leisure Studies, Far East University, Eumseong-gun, South Korea
| | - Mary Hums
- Department of Health & Sport Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Chris Greenwell
- Department of Health & Sport Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Adam Cocco
- Department of Health & Sport Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Minuk Kang
- Department of Physical Education, Kookmin University, Seoul, South Korea
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Niehues M, Gerlach E, Sallen J. Measuring dual career motivation among German student-athletes using the Student Athletes’ Motivation Toward Sports and Academics Questionnaire. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12662-021-00723-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWith the 2012 EU guidelines on dual careers (DC), DC research gained increasing awareness in Europe focussing particularly on student-athletes’ motivation. The Student Athletes’ Motivation toward Sports and Academics Questionnaire (SAMSAQ), arguably the most prominent instrument in this research area, has been used in various cross-cultural studies assessing DC motivation. The present investigation contributes to the cross-cultural discourse aiming to (1) adapt the SAMSAQ for the German context and adolescent secondary school student-athletes, and (2) evaluate the German pre-version. A sample of 208 student-athletes (52.4% females, mean age = 17.4 years, 49.5% at squad level) at three German Elite Sport Schools participated in the study. The investigation was split into two parts. First, the SAMSAQ was adapted to the German context and tested. In the second part, the first pre-version was revised. A series of exploratory factor analyses were applied to verify the factor structure of both German SAMSAQ pre-versions. Eight different factor models based on item removal were compared. Neither model demonstrated good results for the replication of previous findings or a meaningful solution in terms of content. Reasons for the deviations between the original and target SAMSAQ factor structures can be found in the different target groups and the culturally different approaches to career assistant programmes as well as in the theoretical background of the instrument. Since neither model was identified as acceptable, the findings indicate that a new instrument needs to be developed for assessing student-athletes’ DC motivation along their pathways in different cross-cultural contexts.
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Quinaud RT, Gonçalves CE, Possamai K, Morais CZ, Capranica L, Carvalho HM. Validity and usefulness of the student-athletes' motivation toward sport and academics questionnaire: a Bayesian multilevel approach. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11863. [PMID: 34395090 PMCID: PMC8327968 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reliable assessment and understanding of student-athletes' motivation for dual careers are crucial to support their career development and transitions. The purpose of this research was to examine the validity and usefulness of the student-athletes' motivation toward sport and academics questionnaire (SAMSAQ-PT) in the Brazilian higher education context. Four studies were performed. METHODS In study one, conceptually and semantic translation of the questionnaire and Bayesian exploratory factor analysis were conducted. In study two, a Bayesian confirmatory factor analysis with an independent sample was performed. In study three, Bayesian multilevel modeling was applied to examine the construct validity of the questionnaire in a cross-sectional sample. In study four, the SAMSAQ-PT sensitiveness was examined in a longitudinal sample, and the results were interpreted based on multilevel regression and poststratification. RESULTS Altogether the results provided evidence validity and usefulness of the SAMSAQ-PT in Brazilian student-athletes. The Brazilian student-athletes' motivation scores were sensitive to the influence of sex, sport level, and type of university on career and sport motivation. SAMSAQ-PT estimate scores across an academic year showed a trend of stability in the scores, adjusting for sex, sport level, type of university, and student-athlete status. CONCLUSION The SAMSAQ-PT proved to be a robust and valuable questionnaire, which could be used in Portuguese-speaking countries. The findings of the cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys urge to consider individual and contextual characteristics when investigating motivation of dual-career of athletes, also concerning the sex-related opportunities in university sports. Furthermore, there is a need for a call for action to promote and nurture the student-athletes motivation to remain engaged in both sports and educational commitments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo T. Quinaud
- Department of Physical Education/ School of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Carlos E. Gonçalves
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Kauana Possamai
- Department of Physical Education/ School of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Zarbato Morais
- Department of Physical Education/ School of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Laura Capranica
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Humberto M. Carvalho
- Department of Physical Education/ School of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Hagiwara G, Tsunokawa T, Iwatsuki T, Shimozono H, Kawazura T. Relationships among Student-Athletes' Identity, Mental Health, and Social Support in Japanese Student-Athletes during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7032. [PMID: 34209463 PMCID: PMC8297159 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the two studies was to investigate the relationships among student athletes' identity and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, this study aimed to clarify the relationship between perceived social support from teammates and mental health in student-athletes. Two studies were conducted to investigate and clarify the mental health states of student-athletes in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic. In Study 1, conducted in April 2020, the participants were 402 male student-athletes and we examined the relationships among student-athletes' identity and mental health. The results of correlational analyses indicated significant negative correlations between the degree of student-athletes' identity and depression and sports helplessness. In Study 2, conducted in March 2021, the participants were 135 male student-athletes and examined the relationship between perceived social support from teammates, student-athletes' identity, and mental health. The results indicated a significant correlation between social support, student athletes' identity, and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goichi Hagiwara
- Department of Human Science, Kyushu Sangyo University, 2-3-1 Matsukadai, Higasgi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka 813-8503, Japan
- Department of Human & Engineered Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Takaaki Tsunokawa
- Department of Health and Sport Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan;
| | - Takehiro Iwatsuki
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, Altoona College, 3000 Ivyside Park, Altoona, PA 16601, USA;
| | - Hironobu Shimozono
- Department of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan;
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawazura
- Department of Sports Science, Kyushu Kyoritsu University, 1-8, Jiyugaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu-shi, Fukuoka 807-8585, Japan;
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