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McGuire A, Amaro CM, Singh MN, Brown S. Targeting Caregiver Psychopathology in Parent Management Training for Adolescents: A Scoping Review of Commercially Available Treatment Resources. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2024; 53:269-291. [PMID: 38601299 PMCID: PMC11003757 DOI: 10.1007/s10566-023-09754-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Background While parent management training (PMT) has been shown to be an effective treatment for adolescents with externalizing concerns, evidence suggests that effectiveness is not equitable across all types of families. Research suggests that caregiver psychopathology may adversely affect PMT success for adolescents. However, it remains unclear whether research on caregiver psychopathology is integrated within adolescent PMT resources (e.g., treatment manuals). Objective A scoping review of commercially available, clinician focused PMT resources was conducted to assess for information on caregiver psychopathology and clinical guidance for addressing caregiver psychopathology. Methods A search for commercially available resources was conducted among national treatment databases and book resource websites. Information on caregiver psychopathology was extracted from individual sessions of the PMT resources. Results Seven treatment resources met inclusion criteria. The majority of the treatment resources made at least one explicit comment that caregiver psychopathology may impact the course of treatment. There was very limited mention of caregiver psychopathology in skill building sections of the resources. Conclusions While most resources mentioned caregiver psychopathology, these comments lacked breadth and depth in providing clinicians with recommendations on how to tailor treatment to caregivers' needs. Recommendations are provided for how PMT programs might be improved in the future to support clinicians when faced with caregiver psychopathology by recognizing inequities and lack of diversity in resource development, using a transdiagnostic perspective (including a transdiagnostic approach to assessment of care-giver psychopathology), and integrating caregiver skill development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austen McGuire
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, 2015 Dole Human Development Center, University of Kansas, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045-7556, USA
| | - Christina M. Amaro
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 900 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Behavioral Health and Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children’s Hospital, 1600 Rockland Road, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Mehar N. Singh
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, 2015 Dole Human Development Center, University of Kansas, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045-7556, USA
| | - Shaquanna Brown
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Box G-BH, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Coro West, Suite 309, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI 02906, USA
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Larson EA. 5Minutes4Myself: Development of a Wellness Program for Caregivers of Children with Autism. Can J Occup Ther 2024; 91:17-28. [PMID: 37106578 DOI: 10.1177/00084174231172036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Background. Many caregivers of autistic children experience increased stress, and diminished health often due to the caregiving demands. Purpose. The project aim was to design a feasible and sustainable wellness program tailored to these caregivers' lives. Methods. In this collaborative research-informed project, participants (N = 28) were mostly female, white, and well-educated. In focus groups, we delineated lifestyle issues, then designed, delivered and assessed an initial program with one cohort; and repeated this process with a second group. Findings. Focus group data were transcribed then coded qualitatively to inform following steps. Data analysis identified lifestyle issues key to program design, desired program elements, and after program delivery, affirmed elements and recommended changes. The team used meta-inferences to guide program revisions after each cohort. Implications. Caregivers viewed resulting 5Minutes4Myself program as filling a significant service gap; its hybrid design used in-person coaching and a habit-building app with mindfulness content to support lifestyle change.
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Fu C, Tang J, Chen D, Zhang R, Chong YZ, Xu W. Mindful parenting and child behaviour problems: A chain mediating role of parental and child communicating performance. Psychol Psychother 2024; 97:173-186. [PMID: 37902282 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates the impact of mindful parenting on child behaviour problems and examines the chain mediating role of parental and child communicating performance in this relationship. METHODS A 10-month follow-up survey was conducted, utilizing the Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale (IM-P), the Parent-Child Communication Inventory, and the abbreviated version of the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL). RESULTS At baseline (T1), higher levels of mindful parenting in parents were significantly and positively associated with both T1 parental communicating performance and child communicating performance. After 10 months, all three variables showed significant negative associations with child behaviour problems. T1 parental communication performance positively correlated with T1 child communication performance. After controlling for T1 child behaviour problems, children's gender and age, and parents' gender, the indirect association between T1 parents' levels of mindful parenting and T2 child behaviour problems was significant, mediated by T1 parental communicating performance and T1 child communicating performance. CONCLUSION Mindful parenting enhances parental communication behaviour, leading to improved child communication behaviour and reduced child behaviour problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Fu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayi Tang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruotong Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yeng Zh Chong
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Griffith GM, Saville CWN, Halstead EJ, Hastings RP. Mindfulness as a Potential Moderator Between Child Behavior Problems and Maternal Well-Being. AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2023; 128:411-424. [PMID: 37875273 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-128.6.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Mindfulness-based programs can help lower psychological distress among parents of children with developmental disabilities. However, less is known about the functions of mindfulness in relation to parental outcomes. In a cross-sectional survey, mothers of children with developmental disabilities (N = 313) reported on their child's behavior problems, trait mindfulness, mindful parenting, and a range of outcomes (anxiety and depression symptoms, parenting stress, family satisfaction, and positive gain). Neither trait mindfulness or mindful parenting acted as moderators between child behavior problems and outcome variables, although both had main effect (compensatory) associations with parent outcomes. Benefits of mindfulness-based programs may be general rather than specifically in the context of high child behavior problems, given the lack of evidence for the moderating function of mindfulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma M Griffith
- Gemma M. Griffith, Centre for Mindfulness Research and Practice, Bangor University, UK
| | | | | | - Richard P Hastings
- Richard P. Hastings, Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research, Warwick University, UK
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Laifer LM, DiLillo D, Brock RL. Prenatal negative affectivity and trauma-related distress predict mindful parenting during toddler age: Examining parent-infant bonding as a mechanism. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1036-1050. [PMID: 34649640 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421000894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Despite findings demonstrating the importance of parental present-centered awareness, factors undermining mindful parenting have received less attention. Increasingly, evidence points to parental psychopathology as a salient risk factor for parenting difficulties. Thus, the goal of the present study was to investigate specific dimensions of parental trauma-related distress and general negative affectivity during pregnancy as predictors of mindful parenting during toddler age. Parental psychopathology, parent-infant bonding, and mindful parenting were assessed in a sample of heterosexual couples (N = 159) across four waves of data collection spanning pregnancy to child age two. Data were analyzed using path analysis within a dyadic framework. Results demonstrated the unique impact of maternal trauma-related distress during pregnancy (e.g., intrusions and avoidance) on facets of mindful parenting more than two years later. Further, among both mothers and fathers, general negative affectivity common across internalizing disorders undermined mindful parenting through impaired parent-infant bonding. Findings highlight the need for early intervention efforts that incorporate mindfulness strategies to reduce subthreshold symptoms of prenatal psychopathology, promote healthy bonding, and improve parental awareness and self-regulation, thereby enhancing the overall parent-child relationship.
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Moran MJ, Murray SA, LaPorte E, Lucas-Thompson RG. Associations Between Children's Emotion Regulation, Mindful Parenting, Parent Stress, and Parent Coping During the COVID-19 Pandemic. FAMILY JOURNAL (ALEXANDRIA, VA.) 2023; 31:426-431. [PMID: 38603386 PMCID: PMC9444819 DOI: 10.1177/10664807221123562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Stress among parents has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research prior to the pandemic indicates that parents of children who struggle with emotion regulation (ER) and who themselves are less mindful report more stress and diminished coping abilities. We know little, however, about these associations in the context of COVID-19. To prevent COVID-related deteriorations in parent well-being and child outcomes and to support parents during this potentially challenging time, it is important to understand the factors that are associated with increased stress as well as adaptive coping. This paper discusses the association between children's ER, mindful parenting (MP), parent stress, and parents' coping with parenting during the pandemic in a sample of 217 caregivers of school-aged children (91.0% mothers). Results indicated that children's ER was associated with parents' self-reported coping with parenting in the pandemic but was not associated with increased stress. Further, MP moderated the association between children's ER and coping, such that parents who were the most mindful and had children with better ER skills reported significantly greater ability to cope with pandemic parenting. Coping was lower for other combinations of ER and mindful parenting. These findings contradict those from before COVID, suggesting the relationship between children's ER and parent outcomes may differ in the COVID-19 context, and offering insights into which parents may be most likely to struggle with coping with pandemic parenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J. Moran
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Samantha A. Murray
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Emily LaPorte
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Rachel G. Lucas-Thompson
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Khasakhala E, Bota K, Ayaga G, Sichari M, Wesonga B, Kokonya D. Comorbidity of mental health and autism spectrum disorder: perception of practitioners in management of their challenging behaviour. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2023; 69:386-397. [PMID: 37213594 PMCID: PMC10197977 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2023.2203531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between mental health problems, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and challenging behaviour among children and adolescents is complex and multifaceted. The study investigated practitioners' perception of comorbidity of mental health and ASD in the management of challenging behaviours among children and adolescents in Kenya. Target population was 3490 practitioners. Sample size was 1047, comprising of 38 assessment staff, 27 mental health workers 548 regular teachers, 294 teachers from special schools, and 140 teachers from special units for children with ASD. Stratified and purposive sampling techniques were used. Interviews and structured questionnaires were used. Test-retest yielded a coefficient of 0.78 while Cronbachs' reliability coefficient was 0.830. There was a positive significant correlation between perception of challenging behaviours and mental health problems (r = .415, p = .000). Challenging behaviour perceptions have a negative significant effect on behaviour management strategies, (β = -0.163, p = .000) implying that the choice of management strategies is dependent on the perceptions. Challenging behaviours accounts for 2.7% variance in the choice of the management strategies, R2 = .027, F(1,1045) = 28.471, p = .000.The practitioners' perception of mental health and comorbid ASD, showed that children with ASD, when enduring life stressors, can be at a higher risk of mental health difficulties than their peers There is need for multidisciplinary synergy in developing effective challenging behaviour programmes for children and adolescents with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Khasakhala
- Department of Educational Psychology, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology (MMUST), Kakamega, Kenya
| | - Kennedy Bota
- Department of Educational Psychology, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology (MMUST), Kakamega, Kenya
| | - Godfrey Ayaga
- Department of Educational Psychology, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology (MMUST), Kakamega, Kenya
| | - Manson Sichari
- Department of Educational Psychology, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology (MMUST), Kakamega, Kenya
| | - Benard Wesonga
- Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology (MMUST), Kakamega, Kenya
| | - Donald Kokonya
- Department of Psychiatry, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology (MMUST), Kakamega, Kenya
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Mazumdar K, Parekh S, Sen I. Mindful parenting-A thematic exploration of narratives from Indian mothers. Front Glob Womens Health 2023; 3:975683. [PMID: 36713980 PMCID: PMC9875297 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2022.975683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction With the global crisis of COVID-19 continuing, Indian mothers have not received adequate attention with respect to their challenges and mothering experiences. The current study explored mindful parenting practices in a cohort of Indian mothers of children aged 10 years and below that emerged in response to the challenges posed by COVID-19. Methods In-depth virtual interviews were conducted with 31 urban Indian mothers to explore their lived experiences of mothering during the global crisis and their engagements with mindful parenting practices. The data were thematically analyzed. Results and Discussion The study identified two overarching themes and nine subthemes. The first theme, pandemic-induced stress, included the sub-themes of increased workload, poor support system, lack of time for self, and emotional and physical distress. The second theme of mindful parenting included the sub-themes of awareness as a mother and around the child, acceptance toward self and the child, empathic understanding of self and the child, active engagement with the child, and emotional regulation. Increased workload on all fronts coupled with poor support and a lack of time for self-contributed to exacerbated emotional and physical stress in mothers. They addressed these concerns posed by their lived experiences by engaging in mindful parenting processes in their mothering practices. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, mindfulness-based stress reduction, and mindfulness-based parenting techniques could be explored as possible interventions for mothers to alleviate their distress while drawing attention to larger structural changes and policy-level interventions addressing social issues such as gender inequality and childcare concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketoki Mazumdar
- Department of Psychological Sciences, School of Liberal Education, FLAME University, Pune, India,Correspondence: Ketoki Mazumdar
| | - Sneha Parekh
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Isha Sen
- Independent Researcher, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Royston R, Naughton S, Hassiotis A, Jahoda A, Ali A, Chauhan U, Cooper SA, Kouroupa A, Steed L, Strydom A, Taggart L, Rapaport P. Complex interventions for aggressive challenging behaviour in adults with intellectual disability: A rapid realist review informed by multiple populations. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285590. [PMID: 37200247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Approximately 10% of people with intellectual disability display aggressive challenging behaviour, usually due to unmet needs. There are a variety of interventions available, yet a scarcity of understanding about what mechanisms contribute to successful interventions. We explored how complex interventions for aggressive challenging behaviour work in practice and what works for whom by developing programme theories through contexts-mechanism-outcome configurations. METHODS This review followed modified rapid realist review methodology and RAMESES-II standards. Eligible papers reported on a range of population groups (intellectual disability, mental health, dementia, young people and adults) and settings (community and inpatient) to broaden the scope and available data for review. RESULTS Five databases and grey literature were searched and a total of 59 studies were included. We developed three overarching domains comprising of 11 contexts-mechanism-outcome configurations; 1. Working with the person displaying aggressive challenging behaviour, 2. Relationships and team focused approaches and 3. Sustaining and embedding facilitating factors at team and systems levels. Mechanisms underlying the successful application of interventions included improving understanding, addressing unmet need, developing positive skills, enhancing carer compassion, and boosting staff self-efficacy and motivation. CONCLUSION The review emphasises how interventions for aggressive challenging behaviour should be personalised and tailored to suit individual needs. Effective communication and trusting relationships between service users, carers, professionals, and within staff teams is essential to facilitate effective intervention delivery. Carer inclusion and service level buy-in supports the attainment of desired outcomes. Implications for policy, clinical practice and future directions are discussed. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020203055.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Royston
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Naughton
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Hassiotis
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Jahoda
- School of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Afia Ali
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Umesh Chauhan
- School of Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, Lancashire, United Kingdom
| | - Sally-Ann Cooper
- School of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Athanasia Kouroupa
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Liz Steed
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andre Strydom
- Forensic & Neurodevelopmental Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence Taggart
- School of Nursing and Paramedic Science, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Penny Rapaport
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Garro A, Janal M, Kondroski K, Stillo G, Vega V. Mindfulness Initiatives for Students, Teachers, and Parents: a Review of Literature and Implications for Practice During COVID-19 and Beyond. CONTEMPORARY SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 27:152-169. [PMID: 36741424 PMCID: PMC9885932 DOI: 10.1007/s40688-022-00446-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The use of mindfulness in schools has greatly expanded over the past 10 years. Research has demonstrated positive psychological effects of mindfulness for students as well as teachers (Emerson et al., Mindfulness 8:1136-1149, 2017; Semple et al., Psychology in the Schools 54:29-52, 2017). Similarly, studies focusing on mindfulness interventions for parents of children with disabilities and/or psychosocial difficulties have also yielded a variety of positive outcomes, including reduced parenting stress, increases in quality of life, and improved parent-child interactions (Bögels et al., 2016; Rayan and Ahmad, Research in Developmental Disabilities 55:185-196, 2016). Although there has been a proliferation of mindfulness research, and mindfulness has become a buzzword in popular culture, it has not been systematically examined or applied as an approach to improving psychosocial functioning in children, school personnel, and families during COVID-19 and in online settings. This article provides a preliminary framework for this examination by reviewing relevant research and providing practical strategies and resources for school psychologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Garro
- Department of Advanced Studies in Psychology, East Campus, Kean University, 215 North Ave, Hillside, NJ 07205 USA
| | - Mikela Janal
- Department of Advanced Studies in Psychology, East Campus, Kean University, 215 North Ave, Hillside, NJ 07205 USA
| | - Kelly Kondroski
- Department of Advanced Studies in Psychology, East Campus, Kean University, 215 North Ave, Hillside, NJ 07205 USA
| | - Giuliana Stillo
- Department of Advanced Studies in Psychology, East Campus, Kean University, 215 North Ave, Hillside, NJ 07205 USA
| | - Vanessa Vega
- Department of Advanced Studies in Psychology, East Campus, Kean University, 215 North Ave, Hillside, NJ 07205 USA
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Wang Y, Xiao B, Li Y. Maternal mindfulness and preschool children’s social skills in China: the role of parenting stress and authoritative parenting behaviors. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04084-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Wang X, Qiao Y, Li W, Lei L. Parental Phubbing and Children's Social Withdrawal and Aggression: A Moderated Mediation Model of Parenting Behaviors and Parents' Gender. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP19395-NP19419. [PMID: 34463596 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211042807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study sought to examine whether parental phubbing was significantly related to children's social withdrawal and aggression, and determine whether positive and negative parenting behaviors mediated this association. We further examined whether parents' gender moderated the direct and indirect relationships between parental phubbing and children's social withdrawal and aggression. The participants included 465 Chinese fathers and mothers from different families, and each father or mother had one child from preschool and early school aged 4-10 years. They completed the measures regarding their experience with parental phubbing, positive and negative parenting behaviors, and children's social withdrawal and aggression. Results showed that parental phubbing was positively related to children's social withdrawal and aggression. Positive and negative parenting behaviors significantly mediated the associations between parental phubbing and children's social withdrawal and aggression. Furthermore, parents' gender moderated the relationships between parental phubbing and children's social withdrawal and aggression. Specifically, in the mediating model of positive parenting behavior, the pathways from parental phubbing to children's social withdrawal and parental phubbing to children's aggression were significantly different. In the mediating model of negative behavior, the pathway from negative parenting behavior to children's social withdrawal was significantly different.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Li Lei
- Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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Effectiveness of mindfulness-based intervention in the improvement of maternal role adaptation among first time mothers: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2022; 49:101665. [PMID: 36115296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) has been suggested as a method to alleviate mental health difficulties during the perinatal period. However, few studies have examined its use in improving maternal role adaptation. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness in maternal role adaptation among first-time mothers. MATERIALS AND METHODS This randomized controlled trial study was performed on 40 first-time mothers who were randomly assigned into experimental (n = 20) and control (n = 20) groups. Research instruments included a demographic questionnaire and a validated Maternal Role Adaptation Questionnaire (MRAQ). In addition to receiving routine care, mothers in the experimental group attended eight 90-min sessions of mindfulness-based intervention. The control group, however, received only routine care. Both groups completed MRAQ before intervention, and immediately, one month, and two months after it. RESULTS After intervention, there was a significant increase in the mean scores of MRAQ and its seven domains in the experimental group at all three follow-up intervals (P < 0.001). These domains included "support and strengthening of the couples' relationships", "hardship and dissatisfaction", "mother-infant attachment", "stress and anxiety", "emotional growth", "functionality" and "social adaptation development". CONCLUSION The intervention implemented in this study could be effective in promoting maternal role adaptation.
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14
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The Association Between Mindful Parenting and Adolescent Internalizing and Externalizing Problems: The Role of Mother-Child Communication. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2022; 53:776-785. [PMID: 33835280 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the mediation process from maternal mindful parenting to adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems through mother-child communication and adolescent self-disclosure. A total of 496 mother-adolescent dyads participated in the current study. Mother-reported mindful parenting and mother-child communication and adolescent-reported self-disclosure and behavior problems were collected. Path analysis results showed that mothers' mindful parenting was indirectly associated with adolescent internalizing and externalizing behaviors through mother-child communication and adolescent self-disclosure. In addition, the specific components of mindful parenting were examined in detail. The component of interacting with full attention showed unique patterns, while components of compassion and acceptance and emotion awareness of children showed similar pattern with the total score. These findings contribute to the knowledge of the mechanism underlying how mindful parenting benefit adolescent internalizing and externalizing behaviors, and have implications for clinical interventions.
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Abstract
Objectives Previously developed mindfulness measures focused on its intrapersonal dimensions and did not measure the interpersonal aspects of mindfulness. Furthermore, recently developed interpersonal mindfulness measures were either specific to a certain context (e.g., parenting, conjugal, teaching) or omitted/minimized the role of the body in the interpersonal dynamic. The proposed Interpersonal Mindfulness Questionnaire (IMQ) aims to operationalize the theoretical notion of embodied and embedded mindfulness by grounding it into four dimensions, each representing a set of skills that can be cultivated through training and practice: (1) Detachment from the Mind, (2) Body-Anchored Presence, (3) Attention to and Awareness of the Other Person, and (4) Mindful Responding. Methods The IMQ subscales were developed through consultations with a panel of eight graduate students and ten experts in the field. Three studies were conducted to evaluate the construct, internal consistency, reliability, convergent validity, and utility of the IMQ. Results Findings from the three studies supported the proposed four subscales of IMQ and suggested that these four subscales are independent and supported by convergent evidence. In addition, results suggested that IMQ subscales’ scores are sensitive to meditation experience and are associated with better intrapersonal and interpersonal outcomes. Conclusions IMQ subscales are valid and are consistent with the proposed embodied and embedded conception of interpersonal mindfulness. IMQ subscales are associated with intrapersonal mindfulness, but not strongly enough to be conceived as the same phenomenon. Limitations, as well as theoretical and practical implications of IMQ subscales, are thoroughly discussed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12671-022-01855-1.
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Rivera CE, Coyne LW, Daigle KM, Guzick A, Reid A, Shea S. Mindfulness, parenting behavior, and children's mental health: An investigation among diverse, low-income mothers of preschool aged children. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Aydin A. Examining the Mediating Role of Mindful Parenting: A Study on the Relationship Between Parental Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Problem Behaviors of Children with ASD. J Autism Dev Disord 2022; 53:1873-1883. [PMID: 35089435 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Parental emotion regulation plays a vital role in the parent-child relationship. This study examines the mediating role of mindful parenting in the relationship between parental emotion regulation difficulties and problem behaviors of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The study was conducted with 273 parents of children with ASD in Istanbul. The study findings revealed a significant yet negative correlation between mindful parenting and emotion regulation difficulty and problem behaviors. The study model highlighted that emotion regulation difficulties significantly predicted mindful parenting and the child's problem behavior, whereas mindful parenting significantly predicted the child's problem behavior. Additionally, the study findings indicated that mindful parenting was a partial mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydan Aydin
- Department of Special Education, Atatürk Faculty of Education, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Mindful Parenting and Parent Technology Use: Examining the Intersections and Outlining Future Research Directions. SOCIAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci11020043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Popular media attention and scientific research in both mindful parenting and technology use in the context of parenting has expanded in the 21st century; however, these two streams of research have largely evolved separately from one another. Thus, in this conceptual paper, we integrate the research on mindful parenting with that on parents’ technology use and parenting to examine how parent technology use may impact or be linked with aspects of mindful parenting. Mindful parenting theory outlines five key components: listening with full attention, self-regulation in the parent–child relationship, emotional awareness of self and child, nonjudgmental acceptance of self and child, and compassion for self and child. Parent technology use, in particular the use of mobile devices, has the potential to impact all five elements of mindful parenting. However, the relationship between mindful parenting and technology is complex, and there can be both positive and negative implications of parent technology use on mindful parenting. On the positive side, technology use might help parents regulate their emotions; access support; and develop more empathy, acceptance, and compassion for themselves and their children. Yet, parent technology use also has the potential to create distractions and disrupt parent–child interactions, which may make it more difficult for parents to listen with full attention, maintain awareness of their own and their child’s emotions, and calmly respond to child behaviors with intentionality. Technology use may also create more opportunities for social comparisons and judgement, making it more difficult for parents to accept their children nonjudgmentally and have compassion for their children as they are. Future research is needed to understand the conditions under which technology use can hinder or promote mindful parenting and how interventions can promote mindful parenting skills and a positive uses of technology.
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Kim JJ, Gonzales NA. Who's Influencing Who? Adolescent Symptomatology and Caregiver Mindful Parenting. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2021; 31:1172-1187. [PMID: 34021939 PMCID: PMC8606612 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mindful parenting is linked to positive youth emotion regulation, mental health, and parent-child relationship quality. We examined bidirectional relations between adolescent mental health and mindful parenting among a diverse sample of 249 7th grade students and their female (N = 232) and male caregivers (N = 120). We conducted multiple-group cross-lagged models (grouped by adolescent sex). Female adolescents' externalizing symptoms predicted decreased female caregiver mindful parenting six months later, but male and female adolescent externalizing behaviors were negatively associated with male caregivers' mindful parenting one year later. Findings suggest mindful parenting capacities are vulnerable to disruption via adolescent problem behavior. Mindful parenting's potential benefits, caveats, and need to support parent efforts to sustain mindful parenting amidst adolescents' externalizing behaviors are discussed.
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Burkhart K, Minnes S, Yamoah O, Doernberg E, Balser S, Ciesielski T, Dimitropoulos A, Nock NL, Freedman DA. The effects of COVID-19-related stress among parents and children in Ohio child care programs: a mixed-methods study. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2021.1997602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Burkhart
- Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sonia Minnes
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Schubert Center for Child Studies, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Owusua Yamoah
- Mary Ann Swetland Center for Environmental Health, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ellen Doernberg
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sarah Balser
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Timothy Ciesielski
- Mary Ann Swetland Center for Environmental Health, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anastasia Dimitropoulos
- Schubert Center for Child Studies, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nora L. Nock
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Darcy A. Freedman
- Mary Ann Swetland Center for Environmental Health, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Anand L, Sadowski I, Per M, Khoury B. Mindful parenting: a Meta-analytic review of intrapersonal and interpersonal parental outcomes. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02111-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Callanan J, Signal T, McAdie T. What is my child telling me? Reducing stress, increasing competence and improving psychological well-being in parents of children with a developmental disability. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 114:103984. [PMID: 33991930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High levels of stress in parents of children with a developmental disability have been extensively documented. These heightened stress levels seem independent of diagnosis and are better explained by the level of challenging behavior of the children. Furthermore, the relationship between stress level and difficult behavior appears reciprocal. The negative impact of stress on parents' skill development, response to difficult behavior, sense of competence, well-being and the child's developmental outcomes have also been thoroughly detailed. The Parent Child Relationally Informed - Early Intervention (PCRI-EI) aims to expand the response repertoires of parents to help address the challenges of parenting a child with a developmental disability, including through reducing parental stress. The current study presents a quasi-experimental assessment of the efficacy of PCRI-EI in reducing stress levels and increasing sense of competency and psychological well-being in a sample of 22 parents of children with a variety of disabilities presenting to a community early childhood development service. Statistically and clinically significant changes in overall stress levels (Parenting Stress Index), psychological well-being (K6) and sense of competence (PSOC) were observed across time.
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Systematic Review of Acceptance and Commitment Training Components in the Behavioral Intervention of Individuals with Autism and Developmental Disorders. Behav Anal Pract 2021; 15:126-140. [DOI: 10.1007/s40617-021-00567-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Veronez LF, Valentini F, Reppold CT, Pacheco JTB. Estudos Psicométricos da Versão Brasileira da Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale (IMP). PSICO-USF 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-82712021260214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo A Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale (IMP) é uma escala de autorrelato que avalia a utilização de habilidades de mindfulness na relação entre pais e filhos. O objetivo deste estudo foi adaptar a IMP para o contexto brasileiro e investigar suas propriedades psicométricas. A adaptação para o português brasileiro foi realizada por psicólogas com características do público-alvo do instrumento. Na etapa de busca por evidências de validade, a amostra foi composta por 221 mães de crianças entre seis e 12 anos. Utilizou-se um questionário de caracterização da amostra, IMP e Questionário de Cinco Facetas de Mindfulness (FFMQ-BR). Os resultados indicaram que os itens apresentaram composição fatorial adequada, e a escala demonstrou consistência interna adequada e se correlacionou de forma positiva com escores gerais de mindfulness (FFMQ-BR). Recomenda-se o uso da IMP em futuras investigações brasileiras que tenham como objetivo a mensuração do nível de mindful parenting em mães.
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Wang H, Wang Q, Hu X, Han ZR. Mindfulness and Stress Among Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in China. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:2035-2045. [PMID: 34050845 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Parenting a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be tremendously challenging. It is important to identify factors associated with parenting stress. This study examined the indirect effect of parental dispositional mindfulness on their anxiety and depressive symptoms and family quality of life (FQOL) through mindful parenting and then parenting stress. Seventy-nine Chinese parents (24.1% fathers) of children with ASD aged 3-13 years completed self-report questionnaires. Results indicated that higher dispositional mindfulness was associated with higher mindful parenting, which was related to lower parenting stress, and further related to lower anxiety and depressive symptoms and higher FQOL. The findings provide valuable insight into the potential pathways through which general mindfulness and mindful parenting may positively impact parental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiandong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Hu
- Department of Special Education, Education Research Center for Children With ASD, Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Rm 408, YingDong Building, Xin Jie Kou Wai Da Jie #19, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhuo Rachel Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Hartley M, Due C, Dorstyn D. Barriers and facilitators to engaging individuals and families with autism spectrum disorder in mindfulness and acceptance-based therapies: a meta-synthesis. Disabil Rehabil 2021; 44:4590-4601. [PMID: 34033733 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1921859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Third-wave psychological therapies can benefit individuals and families living with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To date, little is known about individuals' perceptions and experiences of therapy. This meta-synthesis aimed to capture participants' own reflections of mindfulness and acceptance-based therapies, including potential barriers and facilitators to therapy engagement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Database searches identified 10 independent studies targeting caregivers (Nstudies = 3), dyadic parent-child interventions (Nstudies = 6), or adults with ASD (Nstudies = 1). Studies were subject to quality assessment and thematically analysed. RESULTS Caregivers highlighted a need to adapt the length and frequency of daily mindfulness practice around busy lifestyles. Adults with ASD also identified therapy barriers, although these data were less robust. Children with ASD focused on therapy benefits. CONCLUSIONS All three participant groups commented on the importance of mindfulness as a method to enhance self-awareness, self-regulation and self-care. Peer support provided in group-based therapy was also seen as beneficial. Future research should examine the application of mindfulness therapies to adults with ASD, with little currently known about this cohort's therapy experiences. Whether traditional mindfulness approaches can be effectively modified to accommodate ongoing, cumulative daily demands these families experience also requires investigation.Implications for rehabilitationIndividuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and their caregivers often experience high levels of anxiety and stress.Mindfulness and acceptance-based therapies can enhance an individual's self-awareness and self-regulation, thereby reducing distress - with benefits extending to familiesGroup-based therapy is an important adjunct to the support of caregivers developing mindfulness-awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Hartley
- The School of Psychology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Clemence Due
- The School of Psychology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Diana Dorstyn
- The School of Psychology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia
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Bynoe S, Collin J, Clark LL. Reducing restrictive practice: a pertinent issue for children's services. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 30:70-73. [PMID: 33433280 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2021.30.1.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The reduction of restrictive practice has gained momentum in mental health services and it is now becoming evident in mainstream adult services. There remains confusion as to the definition of 'restrictive practices' across all sectors of health care, including the difference between 'restrictive practices' (such as attitudes of control, limit setting and unnecessary ward rules) and 'restrictive interventions' (including physical, chemical or mechanical restraint). This article highlights the relevance of restrictive practice to children's nursing and argues that the principles apply across all health provision. Acts of restrictive practice may result in challenging behaviour, or even restrictive interventions, strategies to minimise both restrictive practice and subsequent acts of challenging behaviour are explored. Behavioural support plans adopting a bio-psycho-pharmaco-social approach have been shown to be effective in both mental health and adult nursing and are recommended for use in children's nursing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena Bynoe
- Lecturer, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London
| | - Jacqueline Collin
- was Lecturer, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London, at the time of writing
| | - Louise L Clark
- Senior Teaching Fellow, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London
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Turpyn CC, Chaplin TM, Fischer S, Thompson JC, Fedota JR, Baer RA, Martelli AM. Affective Neural Mechanisms of a Parenting-Focused Mindfulness Intervention. Mindfulness (N Y) 2021; 12:392-404. [PMID: 33737986 PMCID: PMC7962669 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-019-01118-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Behavioral evidence suggests that parenting-focused mindfulness interventions can improve parenting practices and enhance family wellbeing, potentially operating through altered emotional processing in parents. However, the mechanisms through which parent mindfulness interventions achieve their positive benefits have not yet been empirically tested, knowledge which is key to refine and maximize intervention effects. Thus, as part of a randomized controlled trial, the present study examined the affective mechanisms of an 8-week parenting-focused mindfulness intervention, the Parenting Mindfully (PM) intervention, versus a minimal-intervention parent education control. METHODS Twenty highly stressed mothers of adolescents completed pre- and post-intervention behavioral and fMRI sessions, in which mothers completed a parent-adolescent conflict interaction, fMRI emotion task, and fMRI resting state scan. Mothers reported on their mindful parenting, and maternal emotional reactivity to the parent-adolescent conflict task was assessed via observed emotion expression, self-reported negative emotion, and salivary cortisol reactivity. RESULTS Results indicated that the PM intervention increased brain responsivity in left posterior insula in response to negative affective stimuli, and altered resting state functional connectivity in regions involved in self-reference, behavioral regulation, and social-emotional processing. Changes in mothers' brain function and connectivity were associated with increased mindful parenting and decreased emotional reactivity to the parent-adolescent conflict task. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that mindfulness-based changes in maternal emotional awareness at the neurobiological level are associated with decreased emotional reactivity in parenting interactions, illuminating potential neurobiological targets for future parent-focused intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin C Turpyn
- Caitlin Turpyn, Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; Tara Chaplin, Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; Sarah Fischer, Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; James Thompson, Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; John Fedota, Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA; Ruth Baer, Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA; Alexandra Martelli, Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Tara M Chaplin
- Caitlin Turpyn, Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; Tara Chaplin, Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; Sarah Fischer, Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; James Thompson, Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; John Fedota, Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA; Ruth Baer, Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA; Alexandra Martelli, Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Sarah Fischer
- Caitlin Turpyn, Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; Tara Chaplin, Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; Sarah Fischer, Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; James Thompson, Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; John Fedota, Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA; Ruth Baer, Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA; Alexandra Martelli, Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - James C Thompson
- Caitlin Turpyn, Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; Tara Chaplin, Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; Sarah Fischer, Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; James Thompson, Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; John Fedota, Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA; Ruth Baer, Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA; Alexandra Martelli, Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - John R Fedota
- Caitlin Turpyn, Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; Tara Chaplin, Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; Sarah Fischer, Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; James Thompson, Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; John Fedota, Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA; Ruth Baer, Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA; Alexandra Martelli, Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Ruth A Baer
- Caitlin Turpyn, Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; Tara Chaplin, Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; Sarah Fischer, Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; James Thompson, Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; John Fedota, Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA; Ruth Baer, Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA; Alexandra Martelli, Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Alexandra M Martelli
- Caitlin Turpyn, Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; Tara Chaplin, Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; Sarah Fischer, Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; James Thompson, Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; John Fedota, Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA; Ruth Baer, Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA; Alexandra Martelli, Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
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Khoury B, Dionne F. Les dimensions incarnée et interpersonnelle de la compassion. ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Does Mothers' Self-Reported Mindful Parenting Relate to the Observed Quality of Parenting Behavior and Mother-Child Interaction? Mindfulness (N Y) 2020; 12:344-356. [PMID: 33193907 PMCID: PMC7652703 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-020-01533-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Growing academic interest in mindful parenting (MP) requires a reliable and valid measure for use in research and clinical setting. Because MP concerns the way parents relate to, and nurture, their children, it is important to evaluate the associations between self-reported MP and observed parenting and parent-child interaction measures. Methods Seventy-three mothers who experience difficulties with their young children aged 0–48 months admitted for a Mindful with your baby/toddler training (63% in a mental health care and 27% in a preventative context) were included. Mothers completed the Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting scale (IM-P) and video-observations of parent-child interactions were coded for maternal sensitivity, acceptance, mind-mindedness, and emotional communication (EC). Results The IM-P total score was positively associated only with mothers’ gaze to the child (EC). IM-P subscale Listening with Full Attention negatively predicted non-attuned mind-mindedness, Compassion with the Child positively predicted maternal sensitivity and positive facial expression (EC), and Emotional Awareness of Self positively predicted mothers’ gaze to the child (EC) and dyadic synchrony of positive affect (EC). Conclusions The current study provides support for the hypothesis that the IM-P total score is predictive of maternal actual attention for the child during a face-to-face interaction. When the IM-P is administered with the aim to gain understanding of different aspects of parenting behavior and the parent-child interaction, it is important not only to employ the IM-P total score but also to incorporate the individual IM-P subscales, as meaningful associations between IM-P subscales and observed parenting and parent-child interactions were found.
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Abstract
Parents often suffer from conditions such as stress and depression due to the high demands of parenting. In particular, parenting children with some form of developmental disability may bring about increased maladaptive behaviors that may increase daily parenting stressors. The fast-spreading repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic have left millions of parents across the globe to deal with various stressors in isolation. Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of mindfulness as an intervention for targeting individuals’ behaviors such as aggression, self-injurious behavior, and noncompliance while increasing overall well-being and happiness levels. Significant decreases in target behaviors are noted across studies, as well as increases in parent satisfaction and well-being. This study reviews the use of mindfulness within the scope of behavior analysis as a tool that can be quickly implemented to support parents not only through this crisis but also throughout parenthood in general.
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Singh NN, Lancioni GE, Medvedev ON, Hwang YS, Myers RE. A Component Analysis of the Mindfulness-Based Positive Behavior Support (MBPBS) Program for Mindful Parenting by Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Mindfulness (N Y) 2020; 12:463-475. [PMID: 32421103 PMCID: PMC7223597 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-020-01376-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Mindfulness-Based Positive Behavior Support (MBPBS) has been shown to be effective in reducing stress and burnout in parents and professional caregivers of children and adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The aim of this study was to assess the comparative effects of the mindfulness (MB) and positive behavior support (PBS) components against the MBPBS program for mindful parenting. Methods The study utilized a three-arm randomized controlled trial design, with a 10-week pre-treatment control condition, 30 weeks of intervention, and 3 years of post-intervention follow-up. Mothers of children with ASD were randomly assigned to the MB, PBS, and MBPBS conditions and provided 3 days of training specific to each condition. The effects of these programs were assessed on the mothers (i.e., training attendance, meditation time, perceived psychological stress) and spillover effects were assessed on their children with ASD (i.e., aggression, disruptive behavior, compliance with mothers' requests). Results Mothers in the MBPBS condition reported greater reductions in perceived psychological stress, followed by those in the MB condition, and with no significant changes reported by those in the PBS condition. Reduction in the children's aggression and disruptive behavior followed a similar pattern, with most to least significant reductions being in MBPBS, MB, and PBS condition, respectively. Significant increases in compliance (i.e., responsiveness to mothers' requests) were largest in the MBPBS condition, followed by MB, and then PBS. Changes across all variables for both mothers and their children were maintained for 3 years post-intervention. After time and training type were controlled for, meditation time was a significant predictor in reducing aggressive and disruptive behaviors, and in enhancing compliance of the children with mothers' requests. Conclusions Positive outcomes for mothers and their children with ASD were significantly greater in the MBPBS condition, followed by the MB condition, and least in the PBS condition. MBPBS appears to be an effective mindful parenting program on the assessed variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirbhay N Singh
- 1Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Giulio E Lancioni
- 2Department of Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Oleg N Medvedev
- 3School of Psychology, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Yoon-Suk Hwang
- 4Institute for Learning Sciences and Teacher Education, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
| | - Rachel E Myers
- 5WellStar School of Nursing, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA USA
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Khoury B, Grégoire S, Dionne F. La dimension interpersonnelle de la pleine conscience. ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Maternal Affect During a Challenging Mother-Child Interaction: The Effects of Broad Autism Phenotype and Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia Reactivity in Mothers of Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 49:4891-4900. [PMID: 31473950 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04198-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is proposed to index cognitive and behavioral inflexibility. Broad autism phenotype (BAP) traits are prevalent in family members of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The study investigated whether RSA and BAP traits in mothers of typically developing (TD) children and mothers of children with ASD influence maternal affect. It was hypothesized that these factors would interact to influence mother-child interactions. Twenty-three mother-child dyads participated in a challenging interaction while measuring mother's RSA. Results indicated that mothers of children with ASD show different RSA reactivity than mothers of TD children. Furthermore, preliminary analyses revealed RSA reactivity moderated the relationship between mothers' rigidity and maternal affect during this interaction. Implications for future research and interventions are discussed.
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Zyga O, Dimitropoulos A. Preliminary Characterization of Parent-Child Interaction in Preschoolers With Prader-Willi Syndrome: The Relationship Between Engagement and Parental Stress. AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2020; 125:76-84. [PMID: 31877257 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-125.1.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Early parent-child interactions (PCI) impact social cognitive development. Relatedly, children with various developmental disorders exhibit abnormal parental attachment relationships. Parental characteristics and behaviors can impact PCI and socioemotional development as well. No research has examined the parent-child dynamic in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), a neurodevelopmental disorder that presents with social cognitive deficits. This article provides a preliminary characterization of PCI quality and parenting stress in 17 PWS parent-child dyads, children ages 3-5 years, in comparison to 20 typically developing children and their parent. Results suggest early PCI disruption in preschoolers with PWS and their parents report increased levels of stress in various domains. These findings have important implications not only on parent well-being in PWS but its impact on child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Zyga
- Olena Zyga and Anastasia Dimitropoulos, Case Western Reserve University
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Liu Z, Sun X, Guo Y, Luo F. Mindful parenting inhibits adolescents from being greedy: The mediating role of adolescent core self-evaluations. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00577-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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37
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Roberts LR, Boostrom GG, Dehom SO, Neece CL. Self-Reported Parenting Stress and Cortisol Awakening Response Following Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Intervention for Parents of Children With Developmental Delays: A Pilot Study. Biol Res Nurs 2019; 22:217-225. [PMID: 31755301 DOI: 10.1177/1099800419890125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many parents of children with developmental delays (DDs) experience high levels of parental stress, and young children with DDs are likely to exhibit clinical levels of behavioral problems. The reciprocal relationship between the two issues makes these families vulnerable to stress-related health risks. To address this, the current study aims to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) at reducing parent stress, as measured by both psychological self-report and a physiological biomarker. METHOD A pretest-posttest design with a 6-month follow-up assessment was used to establish effectiveness with analyses of within-subject effects. Parents (N = 47) of children (2.5-5 years of age) with DDs participated in a standard 8-week MBSR intervention. Measures included the Parenting Daily Hassles, a self-report measure of perceived frequency and intensity of parenting stress, and salivary samples for measurement of the cortisol awakening response (CAR), a biological marker of stress response. RESULTS Both self-reported parenting stress and CAR decreased following MBSR for parents of children with DDs. The greatest difference in means over time was between baseline and follow-up, where changes in effect size were even stronger for biological markers than for self-report measures. CONCLUSION The MBSR intervention reduced both perceived and physiologic stress. Health-care professionals caring for these families might consider encouraging parents to participate in MBSR as both treatment and prevention of parenting stress.
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Hartley M, Dorstyn D, Due C. Mindfulness for Children and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Caregivers: A Meta-analysis. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 49:4306-4319. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04145-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Potharst ES, Boekhorst MGBM, Cuijlits I, van Broekhoven KEM, Jacobs A, Spek V, Nyklíček I, Bögels SM, Pop VJM. A Randomized Control Trial Evaluating an Online Mindful Parenting Training for Mothers With Elevated Parental Stress. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1550. [PMID: 31379646 PMCID: PMC6650592 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The prevalence of maternal stress in early years of parenting can negatively impact child development. Therefore, there is a need for an early intervention that is easily accessible and low in costs. The current study examined the effectiveness of an 8-session online mindful parenting training for mothers with elevated levels of parental stress. Methods A total of 76 mothers were randomized into an intervention (n = 43) or a waitlist control group (n = 33). The intervention group completed pretest assessment prior to the online intervention. Participants completed a post intervention assessment after the 10 weeks intervention and a follow-up assessment 10 weeks later. The waitlist group completed waitlist assessment, followed by a 10-week waitlist period. After these 10 weeks, a pretest assessment took place, after which the waitlist group participants also started the intervention, followed by the posttest assessment. Participating mothers completed questionnaires on parental stress (parent-child interaction problems, parenting problems, parental role restriction) and other maternal (over-reactive parenting discipline, self-compassion, symptoms of depression and anxiety) and child outcomes (aggressive behavior and emotional reactivity) while the non-participating parents (father or another mother) were asked to also report on child outcomes. Results The online mindful parenting intervention was shown to be significantly more effective at a 95% level than a waitlist period with regard to over-reactive parenting discipline and symptoms of depression and anxiety (small and medium effect sizes), and significantly more effective at a 90% level with regard to self-compassion, and mother-rated child aggressive behavior and child emotional reactivity (small effect sizes). The primary outcome, parental stress, was found to have a 95% significant within-group effect only for the subscale parental role restriction (delayed small effect size improvement at follow-up). No significant improvements on child outcomes were found for the non-participating parent. Conclusion To conclude, the results provide first evidence that an online mindful parenting training may be an easily accessible and valuable intervention for mothers with elevated levels of parental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva S Potharst
- UvA Minds, Academic Outpatient (Child and Adolescent) Treatment Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Myrthe G B M Boekhorst
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ivon Cuijlits
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, Netherlands
| | - Kiki E M van Broekhoven
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, Netherlands
| | - Anne Jacobs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, Netherlands
| | - Viola Spek
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Ivan Nyklíček
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Susan M Bögels
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Victor J M Pop
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
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Raulston TJ, Zemantic PK, Machalicek W, Hieneman M, Kurtz-Nelson E, Barton H, Hansen SG, Frantz RJ. Effects of a brief mindfulness-infused behavioral parent training for mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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41
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May CJ, Ostafin BD, Snippe E. Mindfulness meditation is associated with decreases in partner negative affect in daily life. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. May
- Department of Life Sciences Carroll University Waukesha Wisconsin
- Department of Social Sciences University College Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Brian D. Ostafin
- Department of Psychology University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Evelien Snippe
- Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation University Medical Center of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
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Zhang N, Zhang J, Gewirtz AH. Do Less Mindful Mothers Show Better Parenting via Improvements in Trait Mindfulness Following a Military Parent Training Program? Front Psychol 2019; 10:909. [PMID: 31068878 PMCID: PMC6491856 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Parental deployment to war poses risks to children's healthy adjustment. The After Deployment Adaptive Parenting Tools (ADAPT) program was developed for post-deployed military families to promote children's well-being through improving effective parenting. ADAPT combines behavior management with emotion socialization skills for parents, using brief mindfulness practices to strengthen emotion regulation. We used a three-wave longitudinal, experimental design to examine whether ADAPT improved parental trait mindfulness (PTM), and whether the effect was moderated by baseline PTM. We also investigated whether improved PTM was associated with behavioral, cognitive, and emotional aspects of parenting such as self-reported parental locus of control (PLOC), self-reported parental emotion socialization (PES), self-reported and observed behavioral parenting skills. We analyzed data from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of the ADAPT, with a focus on mothers (n = 313) who were either deployed (17.9%) or non-deployed and partnered with a husband who had been recently deployed to Iraq and/or Afghanistan and returned (82.1%). Families identified a 4-13-year-old target child (Mean age = 8.34, SD = 2.48; 54.3% girls) and were randomized into ADAPT (a group-based 14-week program) or a control condition (services as usual). At baseline, 1-year, and 2-year follow-up, PTM, PLOC, PES, and parenting skills were self-reported, whereas home-based family interactions involving parents and the child were video-taped and assessed for observed behavioral parenting skills such as discipline and problem-solving using a theory-based coding system. Results showed that mothers with lower baseline PTM reported higher PTM at 1-year while mothers with higher baseline PTM reported lower PTM at 1-year. PTM at 1-year was associated with improved self-reported parenting skills and supportive PES at 2-year, as well as indirectly associated with improved PLOC and reduced nonsupportive PES at 2-year through PTM at 2-year. No associations between PTM and observed parenting skills were detected. We discuss the implications of these findings for incorporating mindfulness practices into behavioral parenting interventions and for personalized prevention considering parents' pre-existing levels of trait mindfulness as a predictor of intervention responsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Jingchen Zhang
- Department of Family Social Science, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Abigail H. Gewirtz
- Department of Family Social Science, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States
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Hahs AD, Dixon MR, Paliliunas D. Randomized controlled trial of a brief acceptance and commitment training for parents of individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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44
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Moreira H, Fonseca A, Caiado B, Canavarro MC. Work-Family Conflict and Mindful Parenting: The Mediating Role of Parental Psychopathology Symptoms and Parenting Stress in a Sample of Portuguese Employed Parents. Front Psychol 2019; 10:635. [PMID: 30967822 PMCID: PMC6438855 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The aims of the current study are to examine whether parents' work-family conflict, emotional distress (anxiety/depressive symptoms and parenting stress) and mindful parenting vary according to the type of employment (full-time, part-time, and occasional), the type of work schedule (fixed, flexible, and shift), and the number of working hours per week and to explore whether parental emotional distress mediates the association between work-family conflict and mindful parenting dimensions. Methods: A sample of 335 employed parents (86.3% mothers) of children and adolescents between the ages of 1 and 19 years old completed a sociodemographic form and measures of work-family conflict, anxiety/depression symptoms, parenting stress, and mindful parenting. The differences in study variables among types of employment, work schedules and number of weekly working hours were analyzed. A path model was tested through structural equation modeling in AMOS to explore the indirect effect of work-family conflict on mindful parenting dimensions through anxiety, depression and parenting stress. The invariance of the path model across children's age groups (toddlers, preschool and grade school children, and adolescents) and parents' gender was also examined. Results: Parents with a shift work schedule, working full-time and 40 h or more per week, presented significantly higher levels of work-family conflict than those with a fixed or flexible schedule, working part-time and less than 40 h per week, respectively. Parents with a flexible work schedule presented significantly higher levels of self-regulation in parenting and of non-judgmental acceptance of parental functioning than parents with a shift work schedule. Higher levels of work-family conflict were associated with lower levels of mindful parenting dimensions through higher levels of anxiety/depression symptoms and parenting stress. The model was invariant across children's age groups and parents' gender. Discussion: Work-family conflict is associated with poorer parental mental health and with less mindful parenting. Workplaces should implement family-friendly policies (e.g., flexible work arrangements) that help parents successfully balance the competing responsibilities and demands of their work and family roles. These policies could have a critical impact on the mental health of parents and, consequently, on their parental practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Moreira
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Fonseca
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Brígida Caiado
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Cristina Canavarro
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Singh NN, Lancioni GE, Karazsia BT, Myers RE, Hwang YS, Anālayo B. Effects of Mindfulness-Based Positive Behavior Support (MBPBS) Training Are Equally Beneficial for Mothers and Their Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder or With Intellectual Disabilities. Front Psychol 2019; 10:385. [PMID: 30894823 PMCID: PMC6414461 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Parenting a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or intellectual disabilities (IDs) can be stressful for many parents. Mindfulness-Based Positive Behavior Support (MBPBS) is a customized mindfulness program that enables parents and other caregivers to reduce their perceived psychological stress to normative levels through mindfulness procedures and to support children with ASD or ID to self-manage their challenging behaviors through positive behavior support (PBS). In this study, we evaluated whether MBPBS would have differential effects on the stress levels of mothers of adolescents with ASD (n = 47) or with ID (n = 45) and the effects of the program on the aggressive, disruptive, and compliance behaviors of their children. Both groups of mothers participated in the 40-week study (10 weeks control and 30 weeks MBPBS program), rated their own stress levels, and collected daily observational data on the adolescents' behavior. Results showed significant reductions in the level of stress in both groups of mothers, but no differential effects on mothers of children with ASD or with ID. In addition, significant reductions in aggression and disruptive behavior and increases in compliance behaviors were observed in the adolescents in both groups. The results suggest that MBPBS is equally beneficial for mothers of adolescents with ASD or ID. In the present study, although the mothers of children with ID had slightly higher levels of stress at baseline and mothers of children with ASD had lower levels of stress following the MBPBS program, the program can be considered equally effective in reducing the stress levels of both groups of mothers. This suggests that the program may be effective regardless of baseline levels of mothers' stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirbhay N. Singh
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Giulio E. Lancioni
- Department of Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Bryan T. Karazsia
- Department of Psychology, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Rachel E. Myers
- WellStar School of Nursing, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | - Yoon-Suk Hwang
- Institute For Learning Sciences and Teacher Education, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Bhikkhu Anālayo
- Numata Center for Buddhist Studies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Parental Satisfaction with Caregiving for Children with Developmental Disabilities: Development of a New Assessment Tool. CHILDREN-BASEL 2018; 5:children5120166. [PMID: 30545000 PMCID: PMC6306810 DOI: 10.3390/children5120166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Parents of children with developmental disabilities face many challenges. Those who are less satisfied with the care-giving that their children receive may require extra support. This paper reports the development of a Parental Satisfaction with Caring for a child with Developmental Disability Index (PSCDDI), with items derived from literature reviews and pilot testing in Iran. The index was field tested with 256 parents caring for children with a diagnosis of intellectual disability, autism, or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and who were attending centres in four locations across Iran. A factor analysis of responses to the self-completion questionnaire identified two main factors, i.e., personal satisfaction and satisfaction with the child, with six items for each factor. The two factors had good internal consistency and reasonable test-retest reliability. Binary logistic regressions identified significant predictors of personal satisfaction that supported the validity of the scale.: Clinicians and service providers could use this scale as part of their assessment strategy to identify parents who may require additional support, especially those with teenage female children, and those with a diagnosis of autism or behavior problems.
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Tara M Chaplin, Turpyn CC, Fischer S, Martelli AM, Ross CE, Leichtweis RN, Miller AB, Sinha R. Parenting-focused mindfulness intervention reduces stress and improves parenting in highly-stressed mothers of adolescents. Mindfulness (N Y) 2018; 12:450-462. [PMID: 33737987 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-018-1026-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Parent stress has been associated with negative outcomes for youth and may be particularly high during adolescence. Mindfulness interventions have the potential to reduce parent stress and to improve parenting behavior and parent-child relationship quality. The present randomized controlled study examined effects of a parenting-focused mindfulness intervention, the Parenting Mindfully (PM) intervention, for highly stressed parents of adolescents. Eighty three mothers of 12-17 year olds reporting high stress were randomly assigned to the PM intervention or to a minimal-intervention Parent Education (PE) control group. At pre- and post-intervention, mothers reported on their mindfulness, stress, parenting stress, mindful parenting, and parent-adolescent relationship quality. At pre- and post-intervention, mothers' observed parenting behaviors and reported negative emotional responses to a laboratory parent-adolescent interaction task (PAIT) were also collected. Findings indicated that the PM intervention, compared to PE, increased mothers' mindfulness, reduced parenting stress in two domains, increased mindful parenting related to emotional awareness in parenting, and improved parent-adolescent relationship quality. For mothers of girls (but not mothers of boys), the PM intervention also decreased negative parenting behavior and decreased negative emotional responses in PAIT. Effects sizes were medium to large. In sum, findings support parenting-focused mindfulness training as a viable intervention strategy for highly-stressed parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara M Chaplin
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030
| | - Caitlin C Turpyn
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030
| | - Sarah Fischer
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030
| | | | - Corynne E Ross
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030
| | | | | | - Rajita Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
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Neece CL, Chan N, Klein K, Roberts L, Fenning RM. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Parents of Children with Developmental Delays: Understanding the Experiences of Latino Families. Mindfulness (N Y) 2018; 10:1017-1030. [PMID: 31191735 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-018-1011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Parents of children with developmental delays (DD) report elevated mental health difficulties compared to parents of children with typical development, which appear largely associated with child behavior problems. Latino parents of children with DD may experience heightened risk for poor mental health outcomes due additional stressors associated with minority status. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) appears to be efficacious for reducing parenting stress and improving wellbeing in families of children with DD; however, studies have rarely focused on families from racial and ethnic minority backgrounds. The current study employed a mixed-methods, waitlist-control design to examine the efficacy of MBSR for improving parent and child outcomes in Latino and non-Latino families. Results indicate that MBSR is similarly efficacious for Latino and non-Latino families in improving parent mental health (parenting stress, depressive symptomatology, and life satisfaction) and reducing parent-reported child behavior problems. Qualitative analyses further highlight avenues for improving the efficacy of MBSR for Latino families by providing intervention directly in Spanish, rather than using translation services, for Spanish-speaking families. Findings reveal the efficacy of standard MSBR for Latino parents of children with DD and underscore the potential benefits of disseminating this practice to traditionally underrepresented families.
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Ruskin D, Campbell L, Stinson J, Ahola Kohut S. Changes in Parent Psychological Flexibility after a One-Time Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Parents of Adolescents with Persistent Pain Conditions. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 5:E121. [PMID: 30177644 PMCID: PMC6162475 DOI: 10.3390/children5090121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Parenting a child with chronic pain can be stressful and impact parent functioning in a variety of areas. Several studies have examined mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) for parents of children with different health and mental health conditions. However, no studies to date have examined MBIs for parents of children with pain conditions. This study aimed to: (1) determine the feasibility and acceptability of a one-time MBI workshop for parents (n = 34) of adolescents with painful conditions (chronic pain and inflammatory bowel disease) who were participating in a concurrent mindfulness group for adolescents with pain, and (2) examine changes in parent mindfulness and psychological flexibility following the intervention. A mixed-method design was used. In terms of feasibility and acceptability, high recruitment and retention rates were observed, and parents reported high satisfaction scores with the workshop. Changes pre to post intervention showed that dimensions of parent psychological flexibility, but not parent mindfulness, improved following participation in the workshop. Qualitative analyses based on parent responses on a questionnaire uncovered seven themes of parent "takeaways" following participation in the workshop: Mindfulness Skills, Not Alone, Psychological Flexibility, Parent⁻Child Interactions, Self-Efficacy, Optimism/Positivity/Hope, and Awareness of Values. Taken together, these findings suggest that a one-time MBI workshop offered to parents whose teen was participating in a concurrent mindfulness group for pain is a feasible and promising intervention for parents of children with pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Ruskin
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
| | - Lauren Campbell
- Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
| | - Jennifer Stinson
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine and Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
- Lawrence S Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
| | - Sara Ahola Kohut
- Medical Psychiatry Alliance, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
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50
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Corthorn C. Benefits of Mindfulness for Parenting in Mothers of Preschoolers in Chile. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1443. [PMID: 30174630 PMCID: PMC6108128 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated whether mothers’ participation in a mindfulness-based intervention led to statistically significant differences in their general levels of stress, depression, anxiety, parental stress, mindful parenting, and mindfulness. Forty-three mothers of preschool-age children participated, 21 in the intervention group and 22 in the comparison group. Scores of mental health variables were within normal ranges before the intervention. All of the participants worked at the Universidad Católica de Chile (Catholic University of Chile), and their children attended university preschool centers. Repeated measured ANOVA analysis were performed considering differences between gain scores of each group, rather than post-treatment group differences. This was chosen in order to approach initial differences in some of the measures (mindfulness, mindful parenting, and stress) probably due to self-selection. As predicted, the intervention group showed a significant reduction in general and parental stress and an increase in mindful parenting and general mindfulness variables when compared with the comparison group. Effect sizes ranged from small to medium, with the highest Cohen’s d in stress (general and parental) and mindful parenting. In most cases, the significant change was observed between pre- and post-test measures. Follow-up measures indicated that the effects were maintained after 2 months.
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