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Roberts ER, Lee MF, Simpson K, Kelley NJ, Sedikides C, Angus DJ. Authenticity, Well-Being, and Minority Stress in LGB Individuals: A Scoping Review. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2024:1-28. [PMID: 39028856 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2024.2378738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
In general (i.e. in heteronormative and cisgendered samples), authenticity appears protective against threats to well-being. Authenticity may also, in part, protect well-being against the minority stressors experienced by sexually minoritized (LGB; lesbian, gay, and bisexual) individuals. In this scoping review, we examined the relation between authenticity and well-being in LGB samples experiencing minority stress. We hypothesized that (i) LGB minority stress relates to decreased authenticity (i.e. inauthenticity), (ii) authenticity relates to increased well-being, and (iii) authenticity influences the relation between LGB minority stress and well-being. We identified 17 studies (N = 4,653) from systematic searches across Medline, ProQuest, PsycINFO, and Scopus using terms related to sexual identity, minority stress, authenticity, and well-being. In almost all studies, proximal (but not distal) stress was associated with inauthenticity, and inauthenticity with decreased well-being. In all but one study, the association between proximal stress and well-being was associated with inauthenticity. Although these results are consistent with our hypotheses, the included studies were limited in scope and heterogenous in their methods, instruments, and samples, restricting conclusions regarding mediation or moderation. The results require replication, well-powered direct comparisons between LGB and non-LGB samples, and consideration of the varied ways authenticity can be conceptualized and measured.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan F Lee
- School of Psychology, Bond University, Robina, Australia
| | - Kate Simpson
- School of Psychology, Bond University, Robina, Australia
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Chaki HB, Faran Y. The Effect of Family Characteristics on the Functioning of a Child with an Autistic Spectrum Disorder in Bedouin Society in Israel. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06255-z. [PMID: 38356022 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06255-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by difficulties in communication and social-emotional interaction. It is associated with an increase of parental stress and poor family functioning, both of which are harmful for a child's functioning and adaptive behavior. An important source of support to parents are grandparents, especially in traditional populations. One such population is the Bedouin population. The present study tested the association between emotional support from mother and mother-in-law to the adaptive behavior of children with ASD, and whether this relation is serially mediated by family functioning and satisfaction in life as reported by Bedouin mothers of children with ASD. 100 mothers of children with ASD fulfilled a questionnaire about emotional support from their mothers and mother-in-law, family functioning, satisfaction in life and child's adaptive behavior. We found that indeed, family functioning and satisfaction in life serially mediated the relations between emotional support from mother and mother-in-law and child adaptive behavior. These findings indicate that intergenerational solidarity between women can improve not only the functioning of the nuclear family and wife's satisfaction with life, but also, indirectly, the adaptive behavior of a child with ASD. It highlights the importance of women solidarity, especially in traditional society, where women are kept marginal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagar Binoun Chaki
- Faculty of Social Work, Ashkelon Academic College, 12 Ben-Tzvi St, Ashkelon, 78211, Israel.
| | - Yifat Faran
- Faculty of Social Work, Ashkelon Academic College, 12 Ben-Tzvi St, Ashkelon, 78211, Israel
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Luo T, Xu S, Zhang K. Policies for recovery from drug use: Differences between public stigma and perceived stigma and associated factors. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024. [PMID: 38326226 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Public stigma towards people who use drugs is widespread and places obstacles in way of their recovery. Previous studies have used different approaches to measure public stigma, resulting in a notable gap in the understanding of the relationship between it and its associated factors. Some studies measure public stigma by assessing stigma perceived by those who use drugs, while others investigate attitudes towards them among the general public. This study aimed to compare perceived and public stigma, and factors related to these two variables. METHODS The study comprised a cross-sectional survey in China of two samples: males who used drugs (N = 257) and the general public (N = 376). The survey assessed demographic variables, social distance, public stigma and perceived stigma of those who use drugs. The data were analysed using t-tests and linear regression. RESULTS Public stigma was significantly higher than perceived stigma. The findings indicated that gender, knowledge of drugs, family relationships with people who use drugs, attributions of drug use and social distance were significantly related to levels of public stigma. Among those who use drugs, perceived stigma was significantly correlated with age, marital status, duration of drug abstinence and social distance. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that public stigma undermines the recovery of people who use drugs and highlight the importance of interaction between them and the social environment. The study also underscores the necessity of developing policies to enhance their integration into mainstream culture and provide access to social support and life activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Luo
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Shuping Xu
- Department of Social Work, East China University of Political Science & Law, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Social Work, East China University of Political Science & Law, Shanghai, China
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Yuan GF, Liu C, Li X, Fung HW, Wong MYC, Lam SKK, An Y, Feng X. Hurting myself to cope: Using network analysis to understand the association between perceived stigma and non-suicidal self-injury functions among men who have sex with men in China. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2024; 48:43-50. [PMID: 38453281 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Prior studies have demonstrated that perceived stigma is robustly associated with risky and life-threatening behaviors, including non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), among men who have sex with men (MSM). However, studies regarding the relationship between perceived stigma and NSSI are limited. The present study aimed to investigate the network structure of perceived stigma and NSSI functions, along with bridge nodes, to elucidate how they co-exist. A sample of 2610 Chinese MSM (mean age = 23.99, age range: 18-68 years) was recruited from an online survey platform. All participants completed a web-based survey with measures of perceived stigma and NSSI functions. Results indicated that 'negative attitudes towards homosexuality' and 'disappointment in gay son' were identified as the most central nodes in the perceived stigma network, whereas 'seeking attention' and 'influencing others to change' ranked highest on centrality in the NSSI network. Two bridge connections were exhibited within the combined perceived stigma and NSSI network model: 'unwelcoming in public' and 'avoiding unpleasant tasks' from perceived stigma and NSSI communities, respectively. This is among the first studies investigating the co-occurrence between perceived stigma and NSSI from the network approach. Our findings provide an empirically-based perspective on the importance of family- and community-based interventions, with potential clinical implications for reducing NSSI among sexual and gender minority groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhe Frank Yuan
- School of Education Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, China; Department of Health Promotion Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - Caimeng Liu
- School of Education Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, China.
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Health Promotion Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Hong Wang Fung
- Department of Social Work, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Ming Yu Claudia Wong
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Stanley Kam Ki Lam
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yuanyuan An
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xueyou Feng
- Center for Mental Health Education and Counseling, Guangzhou College of Commerce, Guangzhou, China
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Wang S, Tang Q, Lv Y, Tao Y, Liu X, Zhang L, Liu G. The Temporal Relationship between Depressive Symptoms and Loneliness: The Moderating Role of Self-Compassion. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:472. [PMID: 37366723 DOI: 10.3390/bs13060472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Loneliness and depression are significant mental health challenges among college students; however, the intricate relationship between these phenomena remains unclear, particularly in the context of self-compassion. In this comprehensive study, we employ a cross-lagged panel network (CLPN) analysis to investigate the symptom-level association between depression and loneliness while exploring the potential moderating influence of self-compassion. Our sample consisted of 2785 college students, who were categorized into high- and low-self-compassion groups based on scores from the Self-Compassion Scale. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, while the UCLA Loneliness Scale-8 measured loneliness expressions. Our findings indicate that self-compassion plays a crucial role in the relationship between depression and loneliness. Specifically, we observed distinctive patterns within the high and low-self-compassion groups. In the low-self-compassion group, "energy" emerged as the most influential symptom, whereas "motor function" exhibited the highest influence in the high-self-compassion group. Furthermore, among individuals with high self-compassion, the pathway from depression to loneliness was characterized by "guilt-being alone when desired," while the reverse path from loneliness to depression encompassed "left out-feeling sad" and "left out-anhedonia." Conversely, in the low-self-compassion group, depression and loneliness demonstrated a more intricate mutual triggering relationship, suggesting that self-compassion effectively moderates the association between these variables. This study provides valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms driving the interplay between depression and loneliness, shedding light on the pivotal role of self-compassion in this intricate dynamic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujian Wang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qihui Tang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yichao Lv
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yanqiang Tao
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiangping Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- College Students' Mental Health Education Center, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Mohammedhussein M, Dule A, Tessema W, Mamaru A, Alenko A. Perceived stress and its psychosocial and clinical correlates among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: A cross-sectional study. Indian J Psychiatry 2023; 65:103-106. [PMID: 36874521 PMCID: PMC9983448 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_1356_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although various psychosocial consequences of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) have been thoroughly evaluated, perceived stress has not been well studied. AIM This study assessed perceived stress and its psychosocial and clinical correlates. METHODS An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 410 PTB patients. Data were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v23. Independent sample t-test and Pearson correlation were used to test the association between perceived stress and other variables. Assumptions of linear regression were checked. Multiple regression analysis was done to identify statistically significant association at P < 0.05. RESULTS Anxiety, perceived social support, and stigma were found to have significant association with perceived stress in multiple regression analysis. Perceived social support and duration of treatment were negatively significantly associated with perceived stress. Patients with PTB had high perceived stress, and moderate to strong significant correlation was observed among variables. CONCLUSION Interventions tailored at addressing various psychosocial aspects of tuberculosis (TB) are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustefa Mohammedhussein
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Health Sciences, Goba Referral Hospital, Madda Walabu University, Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Aman Dule
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Science, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
| | - Worknesh Tessema
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Science, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
| | - Almaz Mamaru
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Arefayne Alenko
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Wu Y, Dai Z, Xiao W, Wang H, Huang Y, Si M, Fu J, Chen X, Jia M, Leng Z, Cui D, Mak WWS, Su X. Perceived stigma among discharged patients of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A latent profile analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1111900. [PMID: 37026126 PMCID: PMC10070756 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1111900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Perceived stigma has greatly influenced the life quality of the COVID-19 patients who recovered and were discharged (RD hereafter). It is essential to understand COVID-19 stigma of RD and its related risk factors. The current study aims to identify the characteristics of perceived COVID-19 stigma in RD using latent profile analysis (LPA), to explore its psycho-social influencing factors, and to determine the cut-off point of the stigma scale using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among COVID-19 RD in 13 communities in Jianghan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China from June 10 to July 25, 2021, enrolling total 1,297 participants. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, COVID-19 perceived stigma, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, sleep disorder, fatigue, resilience, social support, and peace of mind. LPA was performed to identify different profiles of perceived COVID-19 stigma level. Univariate analysis and multinominal logistic regression analysis were conducted to explore the influencing factors in different profiles. ROC analyses was carried out to identify the cut-off value of perceived stigma. Results Among the participants, three profiles of perceived stigma were identified: "low perceived COVID-19 stigma" (12.8%), "moderate perceived COVID-19 stigma" (51.1%), and "severe perceived COVID-19 stigma" (36.1%). Multinominal logistic regression analysis revealed that older age, living with other people, anxiety, and sleep disorder were positively associated with moderate perceived COVID-19 stigma, while higher educational level was negatively associated with moderate perceived COVID-19 stigma. Female, older age, living with other people, anxiety, and sleep disorder were positively associated with severe perceived COVID-19 stigma, while higher educational level, social support, and peace of mind were negatively associated with severe perceived COVID-19 stigma. ROC curve of the Short Version of COVID-19 Stigma Scale (CSS-S) for screening perceived COVID-19 stigma showed that the optimal cut-off value was ≥ 20. Conclusion The study focuses on the issue of perceived COVID-19 stigma and its psycho-socio influencing factors. It provides evidence for implementing relevant psychological interventions to COVID-19 RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijin Wu
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenwei Dai
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weijun Xiao
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiman Huang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyu Si
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Fu
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Chen
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Jia
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Leng
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Cui
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Winnie W. S. Mak
- Department of Psychology, Diversity and Well-Being Laboratory, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyou Su
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyou Su,
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Rouhani A, Hemati Alamdarloo G. Social support in parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 70:879-886. [PMID: 39131756 PMCID: PMC11308950 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2022.2154923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the social support in parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. The sample consisted of 166 parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders in Isfahan, Iran. Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS, Sherbourne and Stewart 1991) was used for measuring the availability of social support. The collected data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and multivariate analysis of variance. The results showed that there was no significant difference in social support scores between parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders based on the type of child disorder and the gender of the parents (p > 0.05). The results also showed that there was no significant difference in the subscale of emotional/informational support, tangible support, and affectionate support between parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders (p > 0.05) but in the one subscale (i.e. social interaction) parents of children with intellectual disability was significantly higher than parents of children with autism spectrum disorder and parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Moreover, The results showed that there was no significant difference in subscales of social support between parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders based on the gender of the parents (p > 0.05). Therefore, according to the research findings, the design and implementation of support and educational programs for parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders, especially in parents of children with ASD and ADHD, and to increase social interactions are essential and should be a priority in the programs of organizations providing psychological services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rouhani
- Special Education Department, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Wang DF, Zhou YN, Liu YH, Hao YZ, Zhang JH, Liu TQ, Ma YJ. Social support and depressive symptoms: exploring stigma and self-efficacy in a moderated mediation model. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:117. [PMID: 35168584 PMCID: PMC8845403 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03740-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although some psychological processes, such as stigma and self-efficacy, affect the complicated relationship between social support and depressive symptoms, few studies explored a similar psychological mechanism among individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs). Hence, this research investigates the mediating effects of stigma and the moderating effects of self-efficacy among the psychological mechanism that social support affects depressive symptoms. METHODS The study included 1040 Chinese participants with SUDs and completed a series of self-report questionnaires. R software was used to organize and clean up data sets and analyze mediation and moderation effects. RESULTS The result showed that stigma partially mediated depressive symptoms, while self-efficacy moderated this relationship. More specifically, less social support increased depression symptoms by bringing about higher stigma. Besides, subjects with higher self-efficacy are less susceptible to stigma and therefore have mild depressive symptoms. Furthermore, clinical and theoretical implications are discussed in our study. CONCLUSIONS Chinese SUDs patients' depressive symptoms were indirectly affected by perceived social support via stigma and less affected by stigma with improved self-efficacy. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Fang Wang
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Ya-Nan Zhou
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Chinese National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, No. 139, Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011 P.R. China
| | - Yue-Heng Liu
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Chinese National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, No. 139, Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011 P.R. China
| | - Yu-Zhu Hao
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Chinese National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, No. 139, Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011 P.R. China
| | - Jun-Hong Zhang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Chinese National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, No. 139, Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011 P.R. China
| | - Tie-Qiao Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Chinese National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, No. 139, Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P.R. China.
| | - Yue-Jiao Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Chinese National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, No. 139, Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P.R. China. .,Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.
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Barry C, Speed D, Best L. Negative Social Experiences Mediate the Relationship between Sexual Orientation and Mental Health. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2022; 69:277-299. [PMID: 32960743 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2020.1819710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The lesbian-gay-bisexual (LGB) population experiences a higher rate of psychopathology than the non-LGB population. Minority stress theory (MST) suggests that this pattern of findings is due to the increased negativity that LGB individuals face; however, MST is often employed as a post-hoc explanation for health inequalities as opposed to an a priori approach that explicitly tests this idea and has not been examined in the context of Canadian sexual minorities. Using the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health (CCHS-MH), we tested the MST on a sample 22,495 Canadians (n = 21,995 non-LGB; n = 500 LGB). Results indicated that respondents' scores on the Negative Social Interactions scale (NSI) partially mediated the relationship between LGB status and both depression and satisfaction with life. The findings suggest that a substantial component of the relationship between sexual orientation and mental health is influenced by deleterious social exchanges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Barry
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick Saint John, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - David Speed
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick Saint John, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Lisa Best
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick Saint John, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
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Minichil W, Getinet W, Kassew T. Prevalence of perceived stigma and associated factors among primary caregivers of children and adolescents with mental illness, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261297. [PMID: 34928986 PMCID: PMC8687571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mental illness exposes persons to stigma and this stigma also affects family caregivers of persons with mental illness. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of perceived stigma and associated factors among primary caregivers of children and adolescents with mental illness, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study design and systematic random sampling technique were used to recruit 408 participants at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College and Yekatit-12 Hospital Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. We collected the data by face-to-face interview. Devaluation of Consumer Families Scale was used to measure perceived stigma. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Oslo-3 social support scale were the instruments used to assess the factors. Coded variables were entered into Epidata V.3.1 and exported to SPSS V.21 for analysis. Binary logistic regression was used for analysis. Result A total of 408 participants were interviewed, with a response rate of 96.5%. The magnitude of perceived stigma was 38.5% with 95% CI (33.6-43.1). Majority (68.6%) of the respondents were female. In the multivariate logistic regression, being mother (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.59, 4.91), absence of other caregiver (AOR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.15, 3.49), poor social support (AOR = 3.9, 95% CI: 1.59, 6.13), and symptoms of depression (AOR = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.88, 3.65) were factors significantly associated with perceived stigma. Conclusion The prevalence of perceived stigma among primary caregivers of children and adolescents with mental illness was high. Being mother, absence of other caregiver, poor social support, and symptoms of depression were factors significantly associated with perceived stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woredaw Minichil
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Wondale Getinet
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun Kassew
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Serchuk MD, Corrigan PW, Reed S, Ohan JL. Vicarious Stigma and Self-Stigma Experienced by Parents of Children with Mental Health and/or Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Community Ment Health J 2021; 57:1537-1546. [PMID: 33475886 PMCID: PMC8531051 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-021-00774-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The stigma of young children with mental health and/or neurodevelopmental disorders is experienced by their parents in at least two ways: self-stigma and vicarious stigma. Secrecy may diminish stigma through impression management or strategic disclosure. The present study explores the relationship between vicarious stigma, self-stigma, secrecy coping, depression, and quality of life. Additionally, we examine the structure of a novel measure of vicarious stigma. Fifty parents of children with mental health and/or neurodevelopmental disorders completed measures. Self-stigma and sadness due to vicarious stigma were significantly associated with greater depression and diminished quality of life. Higher secrecy coping was also associated with higher depression and lower quality of life, supporting the benefits of disclosure. This research meaningfully adds to our understanding of stigma in general, and as experienced by parents of children with mental health and/or neurodevelopmental disorders. Implications for ongoing stigma change development and evaluation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa D Serchuk
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3424 South State Street, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA.
| | - Patrick W Corrigan
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3424 South State Street, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Sarah Reed
- Rogers Behavioral Health, 4555 W. Schroeder Drive, Suite 185, Brown Deer, WI, 53223, USA
| | - Jeneva L Ohan
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, M304, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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13
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Čolić M. Clarification of stigma concepts in research with families of individuals with neurodevelopmental disabilities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 69:621-627. [PMID: 37346251 PMCID: PMC10281341 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2021.1989978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Stigma concepts among families of individuals with neurodevelopmental disabilities have received increased attention from researchers in the past decade. With a growing number of studies published, there are also notable discrepancies in conceptualizations and uses of stigma terms among scholars. These variations may result in inadequate comparisons of findings across studies and a failure to generalize the results. Therefore, I have compared various stigma concepts and offered key features of each term as well as suggested methodology for facilitating stigma research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Čolić
- Department of Special Education, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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14
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Stigma and life satisfaction among out-of-school Korean youth: the mediating roles of self-esteem and depressive symptoms. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02103-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which self-esteem and depressive symptoms mediated the influence of stigma on life satisfaction among out-of-school youth in the Republic of Korea. Cross-sectional data were collected from 318 youth, aged 18 to 23 years (20.67 ± 1.12), who provided information on perceived stigma, self-esteem, depressive symptoms, life satisfaction, and personal characteristics. A hierarchical linear regression analysis was followed by a path analysis to investigate the mediation effects. Stigma was found to be negatively associated with life satisfaction. Self-esteem mediated the negative association between stigma and life satisfaction, while depressive symptoms mediated the positive association between stigma and life satisfaction. The path analysis results showed that the influence of depressive symptoms on life satisfaction had the largest path coefficient (β = −0.60, p < .01) and the influence of self-esteem on life satisfaction also has a large path coefficient (β = 0.52, p < .01). This study demonstrated that self-esteem and depressive symptoms are important to the relationship between stigma and life satisfaction. Implications are discussed regarding possible stigma-reduction strategies and interventions to help out-of-school youth integrate into society and lead successful and satisfying lives.
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15
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Vornholt P, De Choudhury M. Understanding the Role of Social Media-Based Mental Health Support Among College Students: Survey and Semistructured Interviews. JMIR Ment Health 2021; 8:e24512. [PMID: 34255701 PMCID: PMC8314152 DOI: 10.2196/24512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental illness is a growing concern within many college campuses. Limited access to therapy resources, along with the fear of stigma, often prevents students from seeking help. Introducing supportive interventions, coping strategies, and mitigation programs might decrease the negative effects of mental illness among college students. OBJECTIVE Many college students find social support for a variety of needs through social media platforms. With the pervasive adoption of social media sites in college populations, in this study, we examine whether and how these platforms may help meet college students' mental health needs. METHODS We first conducted a survey among 101 students, followed by semistructured interviews (n=11), of a large public university in the southeast region of the United States to understand whether, to what extent, and how students appropriate social media platforms to suit their struggle with mental health concerns. The interviews were intended to provide comprehensive information on students' attitudes and their perceived benefits and limitations of social media as platforms for mental health support. RESULTS Our survey revealed that a large number of participating students (71/101, 70.3%) had recently experienced some form of stress, anxiety, or other mental health challenges related to college life. Half of them (52/101, 51.5%) also reported having appropriated some social media platforms for self-disclosure or help, indicating the pervasiveness of this practice. Through our interviews, we obtained deeper insights into these initial observations. We identified specific academic, personal, and social life stressors; motivations behind social media use for mental health needs; and specific platform affordances that helped or hindered this use. CONCLUSIONS Students recognized the benefits of social media in helping connect with peers on campus and promoting informal and candid disclosures. However, they argued against complete anonymity in platforms for mental health help and advocated the need for privacy and boundary regulation mechanisms in social media platforms supporting this use. Our findings bear implications for informing campus counseling efforts and in designing social media-based mental health support tools for college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piper Vornholt
- School of Interactive Computing, College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Munmun De Choudhury
- School of Interactive Computing, College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
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16
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Davison KM, Thakkar V, Lin S(L, Stabler L, MacPhee M, Carroll S, Collins B, Rezler Z, Colautti J, Xu C(C, Fuller-Thomson E, Hey B, Kelly K, Mullaly L, Remick R, Ravindran A, Paric A, D’Andreamatteo C, Smye V. Interventions to Support Mental Health among Those with Health Conditions That Present Risk for Severe Infection from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Scoping Review of English and Chinese-Language Literature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7265. [PMID: 34299716 PMCID: PMC8303838 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to address knowledge gaps related to the prevention and management of mental health responses among those with a condition that presents risk of severe COVID-19 infection. A scoping review that mapped English and Chinese-language studies (2019-2020) located in MEDLINE (Ovid), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycInfo, Sociological Abstracts, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, and Airiti Library was undertaken. Search terms related to COVID-19, mental health, and physical health were used and articles that included all three of these factors were extracted (n = 77). With the exception of one hospital-based pilot study, there were no intervention studies targeting mental health in those at risk of severe COVID-19 infection. Promising practices such as integrated care models that appropriately screen for mental health issues, address health determinants, and include use of digital resources were highlighted. Patient navigator programs, group online medical visits, peer support, and social prescribing may also support those with complex needs. Future policies need to address digital health access inequities and the implementation of multi-integrated health and social care. Furthermore, research is needed to comprehensively assess multi-integrated interventions that are resilient to public health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M. Davison
- Health Science Program, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, 12666 72 Ave, Surrey, BC V3W 2M8, Canada;
| | - Vidhi Thakkar
- Health Science Program, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, 12666 72 Ave, Surrey, BC V3W 2M8, Canada;
| | - Shen (Lamson) Lin
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 46 Bloor St W, Toronto, ON M5S 1V4, Canada; (S.L.); (E.F.-T.)
| | - Lorna Stabler
- CASCADE Children’s Social Care Research and Development Centre, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1-3 Museum Place, Cardiff CF10 3BD, UK;
| | - Maura MacPhee
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, T201-2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada;
| | - Simon Carroll
- Department of Sociology, Cornett Building, University of Victoria, A333, Victoria, BC V8W 3P5, Canada;
| | - Benjamin Collins
- Department of Anthropology, University of Manitoba, 432 Fletcher Argue Building, 15 Chancellor Circle, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
| | - Zachary Rezler
- Health Sciences Program, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (Z.R.); (J.C.); (C.X.)
| | - Jake Colautti
- Health Sciences Program, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (Z.R.); (J.C.); (C.X.)
| | - Chaoqun (Cherry) Xu
- Health Sciences Program, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (Z.R.); (J.C.); (C.X.)
| | - Esme Fuller-Thomson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 46 Bloor St W, Toronto, ON M5S 1V4, Canada; (S.L.); (E.F.-T.)
| | - Brandon Hey
- COVID 19 Policy, Programs and Priorities, Mental Health Commission of Canada, 350 Albert Street, Suite 1210, Ottawa, ON K1R 1A4, Canada;
| | - Krystal Kelly
- Mental Health Advancement, Mental Health Commission of Canada, 350 Albert Street, Suite 1210, Ottawa, ON K1R 1A4, Canada; (L.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Laura Mullaly
- Mental Health Advancement, Mental Health Commission of Canada, 350 Albert Street, Suite 1210, Ottawa, ON K1R 1A4, Canada; (L.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Ron Remick
- Lookout Housing and Health Society, 544 Columbia St, New Westminster, BC V3L 1B1, Canada;
| | - Arun Ravindran
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1001 Queen St W, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada; (A.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Angela Paric
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1001 Queen St W, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada; (A.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Carla D’Andreamatteo
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, 209 Human Ecology Building, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
| | - Victoria Smye
- Arthur Labatt School of Nursing, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada;
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17
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Woo S, Zhou W, Larson JL. Stigma Experiences in People with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: An Integrative Review. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2021; 16:1647-1659. [PMID: 34113096 PMCID: PMC8187000 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s306874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are stigmatized by smoking history. Although little is known about COPD-related stigma, it can adversely affect self-management and quality of life. Objective To synthesize relevant scientific literature exploring stigma experiences and their impacts on people with COPD. Methods CINAHL/PsycINFO/PubMed/Scopus were searched for relevant studies. Findings were organized using Major et al’s conceptual model. Results Fifteen studies documented COPD-related stigma processes: enacted, felt, internalized, and anticipated. Moderating factors included visibility, origin, and illness perception. Individual-level stigma responses included emotional distress, limited social interactions, and negative effects on medication adherence and help-seeking. Social/community-level stigma experiences included healthcare provider and employer behaviors. Smoking is interwoven throughout all domains of stigma processes and responses to stigma. Conclusion Substantial evidence documents processes, moderating factors, and individual and social/community responses to the complex phenomenon of COPD-related stigma; however, prevalence of COPD-related stigma and its health effects are unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyoon Woo
- University of North Carolina Wilmington, School of Nursing, Wilmington, NC, 28403-5995, USA
| | - Weijiao Zhou
- University of Michigan, School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Janet L Larson
- University of Michigan, School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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18
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Linking Child Autism to Parental Depression and Anxiety: The Mediating Roles of Enacted and Felt Stigma. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 51:527-537. [PMID: 32519191 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04557-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether child autistic symptoms would heighten parental affective symptoms through evoking enacted stigma from the community (i.e., public and courtesy stigma) and felt stigma within the parents (i.e., vicarious and self-stigma). Cross-sectional questionnaire data were collected from 441 parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. Path analyses showed that social communication and interaction deficits and restricted and repetitive behaviors in child autism were positively associated with public and courtesy stigma. While public stigma was positively associated with parental vicarious stigma, courtesy stigma was positively associated with parental self-stigma. Both vicarious and self-stigma were positively associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms among parents. Findings revealed how child autism could compromise parental well-being through exacerbating the family's stigmatizing experiences.
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19
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Haas SM, Lannutti PJ. The Impact of Minority Stress and Social Support on Positive Relationship Functioning in Same-Sex Relationships. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2021; 36:315-323. [PMID: 31696738 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2019.1687130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Institute of Medicine has called for an increase in efforts to investigate the understudied area of LGBTQ health and relationships. This study furthers the research by illuminating social support predictors of positive relationship functioning and resilience from a large national sample of those in same-sex relationships (N = 1,303) who continue to face minority stigma and stress in society. Primary findings underscore the centrality of partner social support and the importance of combating depression in sustaining positive relationship outcomes (commitment, satisfaction, closeness, and couple resilience) in same-sex romantic relationships. Findings also may point to increasing social legitimacy of same-sex couples and less reliance on LGBTQ-specific social supportive environments. Future research is needed to further explore the personal and relational health of same-sex couples.
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20
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McLean S, Halstead EJ. Resilience and stigma in mothers of children with emotional and behavioural difficulties. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 108:103818. [PMID: 33276231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) experience frequent and high levels of stigma from family, friends, and members of the public. This stigma can have a negative impact on mothers' psychological well-being, their social circle, and their relationship with their child. AIMS The present study aimed to establish if there was a relationship between emotional and behavioural difficulties and stigma, and if resilience, social support and parental adjustment acted as a protective factors in this relationship. METHODS 108 mothers of children aged between four and 16 years old with IDD participated in a cross-sectional online survey. Mothers were asked about their child's behavioural difficulties, their experience of stigma, in addition to completing assessments of resilience, social support, and parental adjustment. RESULTS Overall child behavioural and emotional difficulties, and the sub domain emotional problems, hyperactivity, and low prosocial behaviour were found to be a significant independent predictors of stigma. Resilience was associated with stigma and moderated the relationship between low prosocial behaviour and stigma. There was no evidence that social support or parental attachment acted as protective factors in the relationship between child behavioural difficulties and stigma. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study extend the findings of previous research by providing evidence that families of children with a range of developmental disabilities experience stigma, in particular when children show high levels of emotional problems and hyperactivity, and low levels of prosocial behaviour. The present study also provides evidence that resilience is associated with stigma and resilience-building interventions may be beneficial to reduce the negative impact of stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaunna McLean
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Human Development, University College London, Institute of Education, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth J Halstead
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Human Development, University College London, Institute of Education, United Kingdom.
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21
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Mongrain M, Shoikhedbrod A. When Depression Breeds Rejection Rather Than Compassion: Disagreeableness, Stigma, and Lack of Empathic Concern Among Support Providers. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:594229. [PMID: 34267680 PMCID: PMC8275852 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.594229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Past research has shown that the close relationships of depressed individuals are often characterised by rejection rather than compassion. The goal of this research was to broaden interpersonal models of depression by investigating the reports of support providers themselves. Individual differences, including disagreeableness, stigmatic beliefs about depression, and empathic concern were measured. These were examined in relation to reported interpersonal behaviours toward a significant other who was currently depressed. A cross-sectional design was used in an undergraduate (N = 312) and community sample (N = 296). Disagreeable individuals reported less compassionate and more rejecting behaviours toward depressed significant others based on an interpersonal circumplex model of social support. Serial mediation models further indicated that the associations between disagreeableness and rejecting behaviours reported by providers were mediated by stigma and lower empathic concern. The current studies shed light on how the personality, attitudes and emotions of support providers influence the level of compassion expressed toward depressed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Mongrain
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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22
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Kwon T. Social stigma, ego-resilience, and depressive symptoms in adolescent school dropouts. J Adolesc 2020; 85:153-163. [PMID: 33246287 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescent dropouts experience various psychosocial difficulties such as social stigma, depressive symptoms, and anxiety after they leave school. This study examined the longitudinal effects of social stigma on depressive symptoms, and the mediating effects of ego-resilience in the relationship between these two variables among South Korean adolescent dropouts aged 14 to 19. METHODS This study utilized four waves of data from the Out of School Panel Survey (N = 278), assessed annually from 2013 to 2017, which were analyzed using latent growth curve modeling. RESULTS Both social stigma and depressive symptoms showed positive linear growth over time, while ego-resilience showed negative linear growth. The increase in social stigma was associated with an increase in depressive symptoms and a decrease in ego-resilience. Initial levels of ego-resilience mediated the relationship between the initial levels of social stigma and depressive symptoms. Moreover, changes in ego-resilience mediated the relationship between changes in social stigma and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the need for tailored interventions and strategies for preventing depressive symptoms and building ego-resilience to help dropouts overcome social stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyeon Kwon
- Sun Moon University, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Social Welfare 70, Sunmoon-ro 221 Beon-gil, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 31460, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Yıldız M. Stressful life events and adolescent suicidality: An investigation of the mediating mechanisms. J Adolesc 2020; 82:32-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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24
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Perceived Stigma Among Serbian Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Children with Physical Disabilities: Validation of a New Instrument. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 51:501-513. [PMID: 32519190 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04559-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Limited research has been done to explore parental perception of stigma. The present study developed the Parental Perceptions of Public Attitudes Scale to examine perceived stigma among Serbian parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and children with physical disabilities (PD). The convenience sample consisted of 82 participants. A confirmatory factor analysis was done to validate the scale and a 9-item solution clustered into two factors proved to be the best model. Overall, the parents reported a low-to-moderate level of perceived stigma. Parents of children with ASD reported higher degree of perceived stigma compared to the parents of children with PD. The scale was useful in measuring parental perceived stigma and could be used in other Eastern European countries.
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25
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Habayeb S, Dababnah S, John A, Rich B. Cultural Experiences of Arab American Caregivers Raising Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 50:51-62. [PMID: 31529239 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04218-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Research on families' experiences raising children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is limited in minority ethnic and cultural groups, such as the Arab American community. Twenty Arab American caregivers raising children with ASD completed online questionnaires regarding their experiences with stigma and acculturation. Nine participants completed follow-up phone interviews. Perceived stigma fell in the low to moderate range. Acculturation related to social interactions indicated slightly greater assimilation compared to separation, and slightly greater integration over marginalization. During interviews, participants discussed the impact of disability stigma, distancing from their communities, and parent gender roles. By better understanding Arab American families raising children with ASD professionals can work towards improving clinical services for these families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serene Habayeb
- Division of Pediatric Neuropsychology, Children's National Health System, Center for Autism Spectrum Disorder, 15245 Shady Grove Rd., Suite 350, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA. .,The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Ave., N.E., Washington, DC, 20064, USA.
| | - Sarah Dababnah
- University of Maryland School of Social Work, 525 West Redwood Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Aesha John
- Texas Christian University, 2800 W Bowie St, Fort Worth, TX, 76109, USA
| | - Brendan Rich
- The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Ave., N.E., Washington, DC, 20064, USA
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26
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Crowley JL, High AC, Thomas LJ. Desired, Expected, and Received Support: How Support Gaps Impact Affect Improvement and Perceived Stigma in the Context of Unintended Pregnancy. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2019; 34:1441-1453. [PMID: 29985638 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2018.1495162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Unintended pregnancies constitute potentially stigmatizing moments that mobilize desires for several types of support from multiple members of people's networks. This study examines gaps among the support people desire, expect, and receive when coping with an unintended pregnancy. The support gaps people experience can influence their feelings about the pregnancy and their perceptions of stigma surrounding it. People (N = 203) who recently experienced an unintended pregnancy reported in an online survey the supportive communication they experienced from their romantic partner, mother/maternal figure, and close friend at the time of the unintended pregnancy. People experienced gaps among the amounts of support they desired, expected, and received, and the nature of gaps varied by the provider and type of support under consideration. Males and females perceived different gaps that varied according to their roles associated with an unintended pregnancy. The gaps people experienced contributed to their perceptions of stigma and affect improvement surrounding the pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny L Crowley
- School of Communication Studies/Knoxville, University of Tennessee
| | - Andrew C High
- Department of Communication Arts and Sciences, Pennsylvania State University
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27
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Kaniuka A, Pugh KC, Jordan M, Brooks B, Dodd J, Mann AK, Williams SL, Hirsch JK. Stigma and suicide risk among the LGBTQ population: Are anxiety and depression to blame and can connectedness to the LGBTQ community help? JOURNAL OF GAY & LESBIAN MENTAL HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19359705.2018.1560385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kaniuka
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kelley C. Pugh
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Megan Jordan
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Byron Brooks
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Julia Dodd
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Abbey K. Mann
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stacey L. Williams
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jameson K. Hirsch
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
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28
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Williams LD, Aber JL. The Multilevel Relationships of HIV-Related Stigma to Child and Caregiver Mental Health among HIV-Affected Households in South Africa. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 63:3-16. [PMID: 30368830 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
HIV/AIDS-related (HAR) stigma is still a prevalent problem in Sub-Saharan Africa, and has been found to be related to mental health of HIV-positive individuals. However, no studies in the Sub-Saharan African context have yet examined the relationship between HAR stigma and mental health among HIV-negative, HIV-affected adults and families; nor have any studies in this context yet examined stigma as an ecological construct predicting mental health outcomes through supra-individual (setting level) and individual levels of influence. Multilevel modeling was used to examine multilevel, ecological relationships between HAR stigma and mental health among child and caregiver pairs from a systematic, community-representative sample of 508 HIV-affected households nested within 24 communities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Two distinct dimensions of HAR stigma were measured: individual stigmatizing attitudes, and perceptions of community normative stigma. Findings suggest that individual-level HAR stigma significantly predicts individual mental health (depression and anxiety) among HIV-affected adults; and that community-level HAR stigma significantly predicts both individual-level mental health outcomes (anxiety) among HIV-affected adults, and mental health outcomes (PTSD and externalizing behavior scores) among HIV-affected children. Differentiated patterns of relationships were found using the two different stigma measures. These findings of unique relationships identified when utilizing two conceptually distinct stigma measures, at two levels of analysis (individual and community) suggest that HAR stigma in this context should be conceptualized as a multilevel, multidimensional construct. These findings have important implications both for mental health interventions and for interventions to reduce HAR stigma in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie D Williams
- Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Infectious Disease Research, National Development and Research Institutes, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Lawrence Aber
- Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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Sindahl TN, Fukkink RG, Helles R. SMS counselling at a child helpline: counsellor strategies, children’s stressors and well-being. BRITISH JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/03069885.2019.1580676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trine Natasja Sindahl
- Børns Vilkår and Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruben G. Fukkink
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rasmus Helles
- Department of Media, Cognition and Communication, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bell K, Rieger E, Hirsch JK. Eating Disorder Symptoms and Proneness in Gay Men, Lesbian Women, and Transgender and Non-conforming Adults: Comparative Levels and a Proposed Mediational Model. Front Psychol 2019; 9:2692. [PMID: 30671007 PMCID: PMC6331421 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we sought to compare eating disorder attitudes and behaviors, and proneness to an eating disorder (“ED proneness”), between gay men, lesbian women, and transgender and gender non-conforming (TGNC) adults. A further aim was to identify and compare risk and protective factors, and examine a mediational model based on the interpersonal theory of eating disorders (IPT-ED), whereby the association between interpersonal factors and ED proneness would be mediated by psychological constructs pertaining to the self and negative affect. Data was obtained from a larger national study of health risk and protective factors among sexual minority and gender diverse populations. The sample included 97 gay men, 82 lesbian women, and 138 TGNC adults. Participants completed the National College Health Assessment, Eating Disorders Screen for Primary Care, Patient Health Questionnaire Depression scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 scale, Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form, Negative Social Exchange subscale of the Multidimensional Health Profile, Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, and Perceived Stigma Scale. There was a significant difference between groups in ED proneness, with lesbian women (66.7%) having a significantly higher percentage than gay men (47.6%). There was also a significant difference between groups in weight-based self-worth, with the lowest percentage in gay men (63%) and the highest percentage in lesbian women (82%), as well as dissatisfaction with eating patterns, with the highest percentage in TGNC adults (69.8%) and the lowest percentage in gay men (47.7%). There was a low percentage of inappropriate compensatory behaviors, with no significant difference between groups. Logistic regression analyses showed that the predictor variables of ED proneness were depression, perceived stigma, and self-compassion in gay men; depression in lesbian women; and self-compassion in the TGNC adults. Mediation analyses showed that thwarted belongingness (i.e., an unmet to belong) and perceived stigma had an indirect association with ED proneness that was mediated by self-compassion and depression (for perceived stigma alone) in gay men, depression in lesbian women, and self-compassion in TGNC adults. The interpersonal theory of eating disorders therefore extends to sexual minority and gender diverse populations; however, the results suggest a broadening of theoretical models and intervention programs to include the role of stigma and self-compassion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Bell
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Rieger
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jameson K Hirsch
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
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Frank C, Zamorski MA, Colman I. Stigma doesn't discriminate: physical and mental health and stigma in Canadian military personnel and Canadian civilians. BMC Psychol 2018; 6:61. [PMID: 30567607 PMCID: PMC6300033 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-018-0273-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Illness-related stigma has been identified as an important public health concern. Past research suggests there is a disproportionate risk of mental-health stigma in the military, but this same finding has not yet been established for physical-health stigma. The current study aimed to assess the independent contribution of mental and physical health on both enacted stigma (discriminatory behaviour) and felt stigma (feelings of embarrassment) and to determine whether these associations were stronger for military personnel than civilians. Methods Data were obtained from the 2002 Canadian Community Health Survey - Mental Health and Well-being and its corresponding Canadian Forces Supplement. Logistic regressions were used to examine a potential interaction between population (military [N = 1900] versus civilian [N = 2960]), mental health, and physical health in predicting both enacted and felt stigma, with adjustments made for socio-demographic information, mental health characteristics, and disability. Results Mental health did not predict enacted or felt stigma as a main effect nor in an interaction. There was a strong link between physical health and enacted and felt stigma, where worse physical health was associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing both facets of stigma. The link between physical health and enacted stigma was significantly stronger for military personnel than for civilians. Conclusions Physical health stigma appears to be present for both civilians and military personnel, but more so for military personnel. Elements of military culture (e.g., the way care is sought, culture of toughness, strict fitness requirements) as well as the physical demands of the job could be potential predictors of group differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Frank
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. .,Department of National Defence, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Mark A Zamorski
- Canadian Forces Health Services Group, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ian Colman
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Willner P. The UK Mental Capacity Act and consent to research participation: asking the right question. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS 2018; 44:44-46. [PMID: 28780523 DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2016-103996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper considers the meaning of the term 'intrusive research', as used in the UK Mental Capacity Act 2005 (MCA), in relation to studies in which an informant is asked to provide information about or on behalf of a person who lacks capacity to consent, and who is not otherwise involved in the study. The MCA defines 'intrusive research' as research that would legally require consent if it involved people with capacity. The relevant ethical principles are that consent should be sought from people who would be affected by a piece of research and that this requirement should be implemented proportionately. The critical question, for investigators and research ethics committees, is: would provision of the personal information specified in the research protocol significantly affect a person whose capacity is not impaired? If the answer to this question is 'no', then the study falls outside the definition of 'intrusive research', and the MCA does not apply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Willner
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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Albuja AF, Lara MA, Navarrete L, Nieto L. Social Support and Postpartum Depression Revisited: The Traditional Female Role as Moderator among Mexican Women. SEX ROLES 2017; 77:209-220. [PMID: 28936028 PMCID: PMC5602525 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-016-0705-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Women who lack social support tend to have a higher risk of postpartum depression. The present study examined the traditional female role, understood here as the adoption of passive and submissive traits specific to Mexican women, as another risk factor for postpartum depressive symptomatology that interacts with social support. Using two waves of data from a longitudinal study of 210 adult Mexican women (20-44 years-old, Mage = 29.50 years, SD = 6.34), we found that lacking social support during the third trimester of their pregnancy was associated with greater depressive symptoms at 6 months in the postpartum, although this relationship depended on the level of endorsement of the traditional female role during pregnancy. Lower social support during pregnancy predicted greater postpartum depressive symptoms for women with higher endorsement of the traditional female role, even when accounting for prenatal depressive symptoms. These results suggest that Mexican women's experience of social support may depend on their individual adherence to gender roles. Understanding the association between women's traditional roles and social support in the risk for postpartum depression can improve prevention and educational programs for women at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Asunción Lara
- Department of Epidemiology and Psychosocial Research, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz
| | - Laura Navarrete
- Department of Epidemiology and Psychosocial Research, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz
| | - Lourdes Nieto
- Department of Epidemiology and Psychosocial Research, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz
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Stigma and social support in substance abuse: Implications for mental health and well-being. Psychiatry Res 2017; 252:1-8. [PMID: 28237758 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with substance abuse may suffer from severe public and internalized stigma. Little is known about how social support can reduce stigma and improve mental health and well-being for them. This research examined how perceived stigma influences individuals in treatment for substance abuse, and whether internalized stigma and shame are mechanisms which link social support with better mental health and well-being. Sixty-four participants in treatment for substance abuse (alcohol, drugs), aged between 18 and 64, completed an online survey measuring perceived stigma, internalized stigma, shame, perceived social support, and mental health and well-being (self-esteem, depression and anxiety, sleep). We found that perceived stigma was associated with lower self-esteem, higher depression and anxiety, and poorer sleep. Furthermore, perceived social support followed the opposite pattern, and was associated with higher self-esteem, lower depression and anxiety, and better sleep. The effects of perceived stigma and of perceived social support on our outcome measures were mediated by internalized stigma and by internalized shame. Helping individuals with substance abuse to utilize their social support may be fruitful for combatting the negative impact of internalized stigma and shame on mental health and well-being.
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Gesselman AN, Webster GD, Garcia JR. Has Virginity Lost Its Virtue? Relationship Stigma Associated With Being a Sexually Inexperienced Adult. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2017; 54:202-213. [PMID: 26983793 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2016.1144042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
While virginity prior to marriage has been historically valued, changing sociosexual scripts in the United States have made premarital sexual activity the norm for young adults, with sexual debut generally occurring in late adolescence. In the current research, we examined the impact of being developmentally off-time with first coitus (i.e., not yet engaging in coitus when most same-aged peers have done so). Specifically, we investigated stigma toward sexually inexperienced adults and discrimination regarding romantic relationship formation. Across three methodologically diverse studies we observed that sexually inexperienced adults perceived themselves to be stigmatized due to their inexperience and that sexually inexperienced adults were not highly desired as relationship partners. Even sexually inexperienced adults themselves did not find other inexperienced adults to be attractive relationship partners. Although abstaining from sexual activity may bestow some health advantages, our studies show that being a sexual "late bloomer" may result in negative interpersonal consequences such as limited opportunities for romantic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Justin R Garcia
- b The Kinsey Institute and Department of Gender Studies , Indiana University , Bloomington
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Hanschmidt F, Linde K, Hilbert A, Riedel-Heller SG, Kersting A. Abortion Stigma: A Systematic Review. PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2016; 48:169-177. [PMID: 27037848 DOI: 10.1363/48e8516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although stigma has been identified as a potential risk factor for the well-being of women who have had abortions, little attention has been paid to the study of abortion-related stigma. METHODS A systematic search of the databases Medline, PsycArticles, PsycInfo, PubMed and Web of Science was conducted; the search terms were "(abortion OR pregnancy termination) AND stigma* ." Articles were eligible for inclusion if the main research question addressed experiences of individuals subjected to abortion stigma, public attitudes that stigmatize women who have had abortions or interventions aimed at managing abortion stigma. To provide a comprehensive overview of this issue, any study published by February 2015 was considered. The search was restricted to English- and German-language studies. RESULTS Seven quantitative and seven qualitative studies were eligible for inclusion. All but two dated from 2009 or later; the earliest was from 1984. Studies were based mainly on U.S. samples; some included participants from Ghana, Great Britain, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru and Zambia. The majority of studies showed that women who have had abortions experience fear of social judgment, self-judgment and a need for secrecy. Secrecy was associated with increased psychological distress and social isolation. Some studies found stigmatizing attitudes in the public. Stigma appeared to be salient in abortion providers' lives. Evidence of interventions to reduce abortion stigma was scarce. Most studies had limitations regarding generalizability and validity. CONCLUSION More research, using validated measures, is needed to enhance understanding of abortion stigma and thereby reduce its impact on affected individuals.
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Perceived Stigma of Postpartum Depression Symptoms in Low-Risk First-Time Parents: Gender Differences in a Dual-Pathway Model. SEX ROLES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-016-0603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ratts MJ, Singh AA, Nassar-McMillan S, Butler SK, McCullough JR. Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies: Guidelines for the Counseling Profession. JOURNAL OF MULTICULTURAL COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jmcd.12035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 425] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manivong J. Ratts
- Department of Leadership and Professional Studies; Seattle University
| | - Anneliese A. Singh
- Department of Counseling and Human Development Services; University of Georgia; Athens
| | | | - S. Kent Butler
- Department of Child, Family, and Community Sciences; University of Central Florida; Orlando
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Chaudoir SR, Quinn DM. Evidence that anticipated stigma predicts poorer depressive symptom trajectories among emerging adults living with concealable stigmatized identities. SELF AND IDENTITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2015.1091378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Cantwell J, Muldoon O, Gallagher S. The influence of self-esteem and social support on the relationship between stigma and depressive symptomology in parents caring for children with intellectual disabilities. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2015; 59:948-957. [PMID: 26031805 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explored the synergistic relationship between stigma, self-esteem and social support, as predictors of depressive symptomology in parents of children with disabilities (e.g. Autism and Down syndrome). METHOD One hundred and seventy-three parents (115 parents of children with disabilities and 58 control parents) completed measures of perceived stigma, self-esteem, social support and depressive symptoms. RESULTS Parents of children with disabilities reported more depressive symptomology; additionally, stigma, self-esteem and social support were associated with depressive symptomology. Moreover, the association between stigma and depressive symptomology was mediated by self-esteem, i.e. parents who reported higher stigma were lower on self-esteem and more depressed. Further, this path varied as a function of emotional support. CONCLUSION Results highlight the need for tailored interventions that offer parents effective strategies in dealing with stigma through social support and self-esteem.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cantwell
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Center for Social Issues Research, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - O Muldoon
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Center for Social Issues Research, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - S Gallagher
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Center for Social Issues Research, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Chang PF, Bazarova NN. Managing Stigma: Disclosure-Response Communication Patterns in Pro-Anorexic Websites. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2015; 31:217-229. [PMID: 26266693 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2014.946218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pro-anorexic websites are a popular online venue for individuals with anorexia, but recent research suggests that they play a role of "online negative enabling support groups" because they can undermine recovery and encourage negative behaviors by validating pro-anorexic views. By analyzing 22,811 messages from 5,590 conversations from the Pro-Ana Nation online discussion board forum, this study examines communicative mechanisms of online negative enabling support through language analysis of disclosure-response sequences, changes in the language of the initial discloser within an interaction exchange, and the role of responses in eliciting those changes. The findings show that initiating disclosures containing stigma-related emotion words, anorexia-specific content, and sociorelational content are typically met with negatively valenced responses from other members of the pro-anorexic community. Moreover, although the act of revealing stigmatized information has some cathartic effects, disclosers use more, not fewer, stigma-related emotion words when they receive negatively valenced responses. These results provide insight into communicative dynamics and effects of online negative enabling support through validation of the pro-anorexic identity and the dangerous cycle of stigma escalation in disclosure-response exchanges on pro-anorexic online communities.
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Deitz MF, Williams SL, Rife SC, Cantrell P. Examining Cultural, Social, and Self-Related Aspects of Stigma in Relation to Sexual Assault and Trauma Symptoms. Violence Against Women 2015; 21:598-615. [DOI: 10.1177/1077801215573330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigated a model explaining sexual assault victims’ severity of trauma symptoms that incorporated multiple stigma constructs. Integrating the sexual assault literature with the stigma literature, this study sought to better understand trauma-related outcomes of sexual assault by examining three levels of stigma—cultural, social, and self. Results showed self-stigma was significantly and positively related to trauma symptom severity. Thus, results revealed that the internalized aspect of stigma served as a mechanism in the relation between sexual assault severity and increased levels of trauma symptom severity, highlighting the importance of assessing self-stigma in women reporting sexual assault experiences.
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Kalokerinos EK, von Hippel C, Zacher H. Is Stereotype Threat a Useful Construct for Organizational Psychology Research and Practice? INDUSTRIAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-PERSPECTIVES ON SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/iops.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractStereotypes about different groups persist in organizations. Employees from such groups may experience stereotype threat, or the concern that they are being judged on the basis of demeaning stereotypes about groups to which they belong. The goal of this focal article is to discuss whether stereotype threat is a useful construct for organizational psychology research and practice. To this end, we focus on consequences other than acute performance deficits in laboratory settings. In particular, we examine studies that highlight the effects of stereotype threat on intrapersonal outcomes (e.g., job attitudes), interpersonal outcomes (e.g., negotiation), and on the relationship between employees and their organization. The research reviewed suggests that stereotype threat is a potentially important phenomenon in organizations, but it also highlights the paucity of research in an organizational context. We provide suggestions for future research directions as well as for the prevention and amelioration of stereotype threat in the workplace.
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Kwok SYCL, Leung CLK, Wong DFK. Marital satisfaction of Chinese mothers of children with autism and intellectual disabilities in Hong Kong. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2014; 58:1156-1171. [PMID: 24450394 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research showed an association among perceived stigma, perceived caregiving burden and marital satisfaction of mothers. However, little is known about their relationship among mothers of young children with disabilities in the Chinese context. The mediating role of perceived caregiving burden between perceived stigma and marital satisfaction was seldom explored. Hence, the present study aims to investigate the relationship between perceived stigma, perceived caregiving burden and marital satisfaction of Chinese mothers of children with intellectual disabilities or autism spectrum disorders in Hong Kong. METHODS A cross-sectional survey using convenience sampling was conducted with mothers of pre-school children with disabilities aged from 2 to 6. A total of 160 completed questionnaires were collected from five special child care centres in Hong Kong. RESULTS The findings in the hierarchical regression analyses showed that perceived stigma and perceived caregiving burden were significant predictors of mothers' marital satisfaction. Perceived burden, including perceived social burden, emotional burden and developmental burden but excluding time-dependence and physical burden, were found to be significant mediators between perceived stigma and marital satisfaction. CONCLUSION To address the negative consequences brought on by stigma, measures can be taken to prevent stigmatisation and minimise the harmful effects. To alleviate mothers' perceived burden, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, mutual support groups and psycho-educational and skills training programmes can be conducted for the mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y C L Kwok
- Department of Applied Social Studies, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Ferreira GCL, Silveira PSD, Noto AR, Ronzani TM. Implicações da relação entre estigma internalizado e suporte social para a saúde: uma revisão sistemática da literatura. ESTUDOS DE PSICOLOGIA (NATAL) 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s1413-294x2014000100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerando os impactos negativos da internalização do estigma para a vida do indivíduo, e as possíveis características protetoras do suporte social para o enfrentamento da condição, objetivou-se realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura acerca da relação entre estigma internalizado e suporte social, e suas implicações para a saúde. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases PsycInfo, Pubmed, Scopus e Web of Science. A amostra foi composta por 13 estudos que preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Os resultados apresentaram evidências de uma relação negativa entre estigma internalizado e suporte social, considerando o suporte social como uma possível estratégia de enfrentamento ao estigma internalizado, destacando o seu efeito protetor ao amenizar as consequências negativas de eventos estressantes sobre o bem-estar físico e psicológico.
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Barbier M, Dardenne B, Hansez I. A longitudinal test of the Job Demands–Resources model using perceived stigma and social identity. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2012.698056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Francis A. Stigma in an era of medicalisation and anxious parenting: how proximity and culpability shape middle-class parents' experiences of disgrace. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2012; 34:927-942. [PMID: 22280545 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9566.2011.01445.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the stigma experiences of middle-class parents whose children have physical, psychological and behavioural problems. Qualitative interviews with 34 mothers and 21 fathers demonstrate that parents experience two types of stigma: courtesy stigma and the stigma of being a bad parent. While the former stems from close social proximity to stigmatised children, the latter stems from ostensible culpability for children's problems. Both characteristics are social constructs embedded in the larger contexts of an anxious, intensive parenting culture and the problematisation and medicalisation of childhood. As a consequence, mothers, parents whose children have invisible disabilities, and the parents of young children are particularly susceptible to negative labelling. These findings highlight the constructed and political nature of parents' stigmatisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ara Francis
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, College of the Holy Cross, 1 College Street, Worcester, MA 01610, United States.
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Phelan SM, Griffin JM, Jackson GL, Zafar SY, Hellerstedt W, Stahre M, Nelson D, Zullig LL, Burgess DJ, van Ryn M. Stigma, perceived blame, self-blame, and depressive symptoms in men with colorectal cancer. Psychooncology 2011; 22:65-73. [PMID: 21954081 DOI: 10.1002/pon.2048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We measured the prevalence of stigma, self-blame, and perceived blame from others for their illness among men with colorectal cancer (CRC) and examined whether these factors were associated with depressive symptoms, independent of clinical and sociodemographic factors. METHODS Self-administered questionnaires were returned in the fall of 2009 by 1109 eligible male US veterans who were diagnosed with CRC at any Veterans Affairs facility in 2008. Questionnaires assessed stigma, feelings of blame, and depressive symptoms as well as other facets of health, cancer characteristics, and quality and type of medical care. We report the prevalence of cancer stigma, self-blame, and perceived blame from others. We used multivariate linear regression to assess the association between these factors and a measure of depressive symptoms. Covariates included several measures of overall health, cancer progression, symptom severity, and sociodemographic factors. RESULTS Thirty one percent of respondents endorsed at least one item in a measure of cancer stigma and 25% reported feeling that it was at least 'a little true' that they were to blame for their illness. All three independent variables were associated with depressive symptoms in bivariate models; cancer stigma and self-blame were significantly associated with depressive symptoms in the multivariate model. CONCLUSIONS Cancer stigma and self-blame are problems for a significant minority of men with CRC and are independent predictors of depressive symptoms. They may represent an important source of stress in men with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Phelan
- University of Minnesota, Family Medicine and Community Health, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA.
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Martino SC, Elliott MN, Kanouse DE, Farley DO, Burkhart Q, Hays RD. Depression and the health care experiences of Medicare beneficiaries. Health Serv Res 2011; 46:1883-904. [PMID: 21762146 DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2011.01293.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare health care experiences of Medicare beneficiaries with and without symptoms of depression and investigate the role of patient confidence in shaping these experiences. DATA SOURCES Data came from the 2009 CAHPS Medicare 4.0 Fee-for-Service (FFS) Survey, which was fielded to a national probability sample of 298,492 FFS Medicare beneficiaries. STUDY DESIGN Linear regression was used to model associations of depression with four global ratings and three composite measures of health care and to test whether beneficiaries' confidence in their ability to recognize the need for care mediates these associations. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Beneficiaries with depressive symptoms reported worse experiences with care across the full range of patient experience covered by the CAHPS survey. Depressive symptoms were associated with decreased patient confidence and decreased confidence was in turn associated with poorer reports of care. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights depressive symptoms as a risk factor for poorer experiences of health care and highlights depressed patients' confidence in recognizing their need for care and for designing programs to improve the health care of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Martino
- RAND, 4570 Fifth Avenue, Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2665, USA.
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