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Sutin AR, Luchetti M, Stephan Y, Stokes JE, Terracciano A. Purpose in life and stress: Momentary associations from a micro-longitudinal study. Stress Health 2024:e3464. [PMID: 39140742 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Purpose in life is an aspect of well-being associated with less subjective stress. The present research sought to expand this literature by testing the association between both dispositional and momentary purpose with stress in daily life using a micro-longitudinal study design. Participants (N = 303) reported their dispositional purpose at baseline and reported their momentary purpose and stress three times a day for 8 days. Between-person, dispositional purpose was associated with less momentary stress across the 8 days tested with linear regression (β = -0.29, 95% CI = -0.39, -18, p < 0.001); it was unrelated to variability in stress (β = 0.05, 95% CI = -0.05, 0.14, p = 0.310). In contrast, the within-person analysis tested with multilevel modelling indicated that in moments when participants felt more purpose-driven than their average, they felt more stressed (b = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.06, 0.12, SE = 0.01, p < 0.001). This association was slightly stronger among participants with relatively lower dispositional purpose (binteraction = -0.04, SE = 0.02, 95% CI = -0.08, -0.01, p = 0.032). This study replicated the negative association between dispositional purpose and subjective stress when stress was measured at moments in daily life. It also found that feeling more purpose-driven than usual in the moment is stressful, a counterintuitive finding that, if replicated, suggests that striving for purpose can be stressful in the moment, even if feeling more purposeful in general is associated with lower stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina R Sutin
- Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Martina Luchetti
- Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Yannick Stephan
- Euromov, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Vermont, USA
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López-Gil JF, Tully MA, Cristi-Montero C, Brazo-Sayavera J, Gaya AR, Calatayud J, López-Bueno R, Smith L. Is the frequency of breakfast consumption associated with life satisfaction in children and adolescents? A cross-sectional study with 154,151 participants from 42 countries. Nutr J 2024; 23:78. [PMID: 39010117 PMCID: PMC11251324 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00979-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The promotion of daily breakfast consumption and the importance of making appropriate breakfast choices have been underscored as significant public health messages. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between breakfast frequency and life satisfaction in large and representative samples of school-going children and adolescents aged 10-17 years from 42 different countries. METHODS This study used information from the 2017/2018 Health Behavior in School-aged Children study, comprising nationally representative samples of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years who were attending school. The total number of participants from the 42 countries included in the study was 155,451 (51.3% girls). The evaluation of breakfast consumption in this study involved a specific question: "How often do you typically have breakfast (more than a glass of milk or fruit juice)?". To measure life satisfaction, a subjective assessment scale was used in the form of a ladder, visually spanning from 0 to 10. On this scale, the topmost point (10) denotes the highest conceivable quality of life, whereas the bottom point (0) represents the worst imaginable quality of life. RESULTS After adjusting for several covariates, the lowest estimated marginal mean of life satisfaction was identified in those participants who skipped breakfast (mean [M] = 5.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.5 to 5.8). Conversely, the highest estimated marginal mean of life satisfaction was observed in those who had breakfast every day (M = 6.5, 95% CI 6.3 to 6.6). Overall, a nearly linear relationship between higher frequency of breakfast and greater life satisfaction in children and adolescents was identified (p-for-trend < 0.001). In addition, the highest estimated marginal mean of life satisfaction score was identified in those participants from Portugal who had breakfast every day (M = 7.7; 95% CI 6.9 to 8.5 points). Conversely, the lowest estimated marginal mean of life satisfaction was observed in those participants from Romania who no breakfast (M = 3.5; 95% CI 2.6 to 4.4 points). CONCLUSIONS There is a nearly linear relationship between higher frequency of breakfast and greater life satisfaction in children and adolescents. Considering the potential health advantages associated with breakfast during this critical age phase, these findings imply the necessity for additional global efforts to promote increased breakfast consumption among children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark A Tully
- School of Medicine, Ulster University, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- Physical Education School, IRyS Group, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, 2530388, Chile
| | - Javier Brazo-Sayavera
- Department of Sports and Computer Science, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Anelise Reis Gaya
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Felizardo, n° 750 - Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Joaquín Calatayud
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Physiotherapy, Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rubén López-Bueno
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Physiotherapy, Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physical Medicine and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
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Crum KL, Choudhry NK, Fontanet C, Sears ES, Hanken K, Lauffenburger JC, Mastrorilli J, Oduol T, Vine S, Bhatkhande G, Oran R, Robertson T, Wood W, Feldman CH. Leveraging Habits to Improve Adherence to Gout Medications: A Qualitative Study. ACR Open Rheumatol 2024. [PMID: 39010675 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.11706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates patients' medication-taking routines and the feasibility of harnessing habit formation through context cues and rewards to improve medication adherence. METHODS Semistructured qualitative interviews with patients with gout from an urban health care system were conducted to explore typical medication-taking behavior, experiences using electronic pill bottles, barriers to adherence, existing context cues, and potential cues and rewards for habit-forming behavior. Medication-taking patterns were recorded for six weeks using electronic pill bottles before interviews to inform discussion. Transcribed interviews were analyzed to generate themes using codes developed by the study team, with representative quotations selected as illustrations. RESULTS We conducted interviews with 15 individuals (mean age 60.6 [SD 20.3] years, three women [20%], and nine White patients [60%]). Pill bottle-recorded adherence to urate-lowering therapy (ULT) was high (mean 0.91 [SD 0.10]), and one patient was experiencing an active gout flare. Five key themes emerged: (1) reasons for nonadherence, (2) internal and external motivations for adherence, (3) structured routines around taking medications, (4) rewards for good medication adherence, and (5) the role of pill cap technology in medication-taking. CONCLUSION The importance of a predictable, structured routine in which participants could incorporate their medication-taking behavior emerged as a key factor that promoted consistent adherence. Further, identifying context cues and reminders seemed to promote incorporation of medication-taking into routines. Therefore, habit-based interventions that use context cues to establish routines around medication-taking may be a feasible strategy to improve adherence in patients with chronic conditions such as gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Crum
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Niteesh K Choudhry
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Constance Fontanet
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | | | - Kaitlin Hanken
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Theresa Oduol
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seanna Vine
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gauri Bhatkhande
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Wendy Wood
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Candace H Feldman
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Luo M, Yordanova K, Macdonald B, Hülür G. Routineness of Social Interactions Is Associated With Higher Affective Well-Being in Older Adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2024; 79:gbae057. [PMID: 38595036 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbae057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Some research conceptualizes routineness of daily life as an indicator of cognitive vulnerability that would lead to lower well-being in older age, whereas other research expects routineness to give rise to more meaning and stability in life and thus to higher well-being. Further research is needed to understand routineness in older adults in relation to cognitive abilities and well-being. This study examined routineness of social interactions. METHODS We examined data from an event-contingent experience sampling study with 103 Swiss community-dwelling older adults (aged 65 to 84 years). Participants completed in-lab cognitive assessments (reasoning, episodic memory, speed, and vocabulary) and reported their well-being (positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction). For more than 21 days, participants reported the time and context of their social interactions (including modality, partner type, and location). Routineness of social interactions was defined as social interactions that occurred at the same time of day over the study period. It was calculated using recurrence quantification analysis. RESULTS Linear regressions showed that higher routineness of social interaction in general, of social interaction through the same modality, and of social interaction with the same partner type were associated with higher positive affect. Higher routineness of social interaction in general was associated with lower negative affect. Routineness of social interactions was not associated with life satisfaction or cognitive abilities. DISCUSSION A routine social life may increase older adults' affective well-being. Results are discussed in the context of activity engagement and time use in older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxia Luo
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Healthy Longevity Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Birthe Macdonald
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging," University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gizem Hülür
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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de Sá Couto-Pereira N, Nexha A, Boff Borges R, Amando GR, Francisco AP, Amaral FG, Frey BN, Calcagnotto ME, Hidalgo MP, Pilz LK. Routine regularity during a global pandemic: Impact on mental health outcomes and influence of chronotype. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:456-472. [PMID: 38380627 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2314216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Among the public health recommendations for supporting mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, many strategies had an impact on biological rhythms, like sleep hygiene, physical exercise and healthy eating habits. Considering the known relationship between circadian organization and mental health, our aim was to test the association between behavioral regularity and mental health, and its interaction with chronotype, in a large sample surveyed in Brazil. We collected longitudinal data using online questionnaires that assessed sociodemographic characteristics, behavioral routines, mental health (PHQ-9, GAD-7, WHO-5 scales), and chronotype estimation based on midpoint of sleep on free days - MSF (μMCTQ), in a sample of 1390 participants (81% females). We computed a Routine Regularity Score (RRS) that reflects regularity across four behaviors: sleep, eating, working, exercising. There was a strong negative association between RRS and the severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms (GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores), which was weaker among participants with late MSF, and a strong positive association with well-being (WHO-5 scores). RRS was a mediator of the MSF-mental health association and a predictor of mental health states. This study provides empirical evidence that maintaining behavioral routines during times of hardship may serve as tools to alleviate the negative impact on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natividade de Sá Couto-Pereira
- Neurophysiology and Neurochemistry of Neuronal Excitability and Synaptic Plasticity Laboratory (NNNESP Lab.), Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, Psychology Research Centre, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Adile Nexha
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rogério Boff Borges
- Unidade de Bioestatística - Diretoria de Pesquisa (DIPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Statistics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Rodriguez Amando
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre/Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Francisco
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre/Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda G Amaral
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Pineal, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Benicio N Frey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Elisa Calcagnotto
- Neurophysiology and Neurochemistry of Neuronal Excitability and Synaptic Plasticity Laboratory (NNNESP Lab.), Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Paz Hidalgo
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre/Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luísa K Pilz
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre/Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine CCM / CVK, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- ECRC Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Ameden WC, Tricomi E, Heintzelman SJ. The role of planfulness for well-being, stress, and goal disruption during COVID-19. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1224451. [PMID: 38390411 PMCID: PMC10881737 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1224451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Planfulness refers to an individual's tendency to be future oriented, mentally flexible, and cognitively strategic when engaging with goals, and has been shown to predict goal completion. We investigated the relationships among planfulness, goal disruption, stress, and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic, which served as a unique setback context. We measured these constructs using the planfulness scale, an ad-hoc survey item probing goal disruption in the pandemic, the perceived stress scale, and the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale, respectively. Participants were university students (N = 174; mean age 23.03, SD: 4.37; 77% female). Higher planfulness predicted lower goal-disruption, lower stress, and higher well-being during the pandemic, extending its benefits beyond the goal domain. High levels of planfulness did not protect against goal disruption among those participants in which the self-reported personal impact of the pandemic was highest. Differences in goal disruption across levels of planfulness were constrained to lower reported pandemic impact. However, the differences in psychological well-being and stress by levels of planfulness were retained even when self-reported perceptions of personal pandemic impact were high. More planful students maintained lower stress and higher psychological well-being than their less planful peers across levels of adversity. These findings suggest that even in extremely difficult contexts in which planfulness does not protect against goal disruption, it still confers personal benefits in terms of psychological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley C Ameden
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Elizabeth Tricomi
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ, United States
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Iqbal RM, Binti Riza Effendi NI, Syed Alwi SS, Saidi HI, Sarchio SNE. Insomnia and depression levels among Malaysian undergraduate students in the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) during Movement Control Order (MCO). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283098. [PMID: 37816038 PMCID: PMC10564170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 has caused the implementation of the movement control order (MCO) which aimed to reduce the spread in Covid-19 infections. While some may find it easy to adjust to the new norm, others found it difficult to switch from their normal routines and habits as according to the MCO SOP. This resulted in a more frequent insomnia and depression that subsequently impacted their mental health. Insomnia and depression levels are examined in this study as they relate to the Covid-19 Pandemic and the MCO among Malaysian undergraduate health sciences students at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UPM. Random sampling methods were utilised with consideration of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were the instrument packages used in this investigation. An internet platform was used to distribute the questionnaire. Based on the results, it is concluded that depression and insomnia are significantly correlated, with a p-value of 0.05. This study also revealed the link between the severity of insomnia and the severity of depression among UPM students studying health sciences. The percentage of students with depression and insomnia was rather high (54.9% and 33.9%, respectively), and this occurred during the second wave of Covid-19 cases in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Muhammad Iqbal
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Ilyana Binti Riza Effendi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Sakinah Syed Alwi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hasni Idayu Saidi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Seri Narti Edayu Sarchio
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Heinz M, Benton N, Gleissner L. Older Adults Documenting Purpose and Meaning Through Photovoice and Narratives. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2023; 63:1289-1299. [PMID: 36753514 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to explore how older adults perceived meaning and purpose in their lives. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants (N = 15) ranged in age from 66 to 89 years, and were asked to document purpose and meaning in their lives for 15 consecutive days by using photovoice and narrative methodologies. Latent thematic analysis was used to interpret the data. RESULTS Findings indicated 3 themes including: (1) mindful practices, (2) active participation in society with a subtheme on technology, and (3) goal-oriented mindset. Mindful practices involved spending time in nature and working to improve it and reflecting and engaging in creative endeavors to help understand the changing world. Active participation in society created feelings of usefulness and belonging among participants and ranged from taking care of and helping others to leaving a legacy. The subtheme on technology demonstrated it used to maintain social relationships, particularly during the pandemic. Examples of the goal-oriented mindset incorporated informal lifelong learning opportunities that encouraged physical and cognitive stimulation. In addition, possessions appeared to bring increased meaning and purpose to individuals who were more homebound. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Older adults identified purpose and meaning in their lives and demonstrated adaptability. For example, due to the pandemic or other personal dynamics such as declining mobility, some participants modified their activities to compensate. These findings have implications for policy and practice. Although older adults in this study demonstrated adaptability, others will need guidance and resources to successfully adapt and maintain levels of well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Heinz
- Department of Psychology, Upper Iowa University, Fayette, Iowa, USA
| | - Nathan Benton
- Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Laura Gleissner
- Department of Art, Upper Iowa University, Fayette, Iowa, USA
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Ju YJ, Kim W, Lee SY. Public perception of the appropriateness of COVID-19 management strategies and level of disturbances in daily activities: A focus on educational level. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287143. [PMID: 37294776 PMCID: PMC10256230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the association between public perception of the appropriateness of management strategies implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic and the level of disturbances in daily activities reported by the general population. METHODS This cross-sectional study used Korea Community Health Survey conducted from August to November 2020. Public perception of COVID-19 management strategies included those implemented by the government (central, city or provincial, and administrative districts), the mass media, regional medical institutions, and neighbors. The subjective level of disturbances in daily activities was measured using a 0-100 numeric rating scale developed by Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used. A subgroup analysis was conducted based on education level. RESULTS The present study analyzed 211,353 participants. Compared to individuals who perceived that the management strategies implemented during the pandemic was 'highly appropriate,' those who reported 'mediocre appropriateness' (β: -1.96, p-value: <0.001) or 'low appropriateness' (β: -3.60, p-value: 0.010) reported higher levels of subjective disturbances. The appropriateness of measures implemented by the mass media was associated with levels of subjective disturbances felt by individuals of lower education with statistical significance, whereas that applied by the mass media and the government were important in those with higher education. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest the importance of public perception of management strategies when implementing containment policies and minimizing its disturbances on daily lives is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Jun Ju
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Woorim Kim
- Division of Cancer Control & Policy, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Young Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Baburaj S, Marathe GM. Meaning in life through work: A cognitive-experiential self-theory (CEST) perspective. ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/20413866231166151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
This article explores existential meaning-making from work using the cognitive-experiential self-theory (CEST). To start with, we use the tenets of CEST to elaborate on how the cues from archetype work environments—a realization facilitating work environment (RfWE) and justification facilitating work environment (JfWE)—are interpreted by information-processing systems to imbue meaning in life (MiL) as internal or external manifestations of coherence, purpose, and significance. Next, we explain how individual differences in work centrality and proactive meaning-crafting ability moderate the impact of JfWE, but not of RfWE, on MiL. Finally, we create a nomological network of existential meaning states emerging from the simultaneous presence or absence of RfWE and JfWE. In summary, by applying the information-processing lens of CEST, we develop an integrated model that explains how work drives MiL, elucidates the resultant existential states, and assesses the role of individual differences in meaning-making. Plain Language Summary This article develops an integrated model that outlines how work environments can augur human well-being by fostering a sense of meaning in life (MiL). Based on the cognitive-experiential self-theory (CEST), expounding parallel-competitive processing of information through the working of the experiential and rational system, we explore how the cues from archetype work environments—a realization facilitating work environment (RfWE) and justification facilitating work environment (JfWE)—influence the varied flavors of MiL and meaninglessness in life. We build the argument that RfWE activates the functioning of the experiential system to induce a feeling of internal MiL as internal coherence, internal purpose, and internal value significance. At the same time, JfWE triggers the functioning of the rational system to construct a judgment of external MiL as external coherence, external worthy purpose, and external value significance. However, the interaction between RfWE and JfWE can result in intricate scenarios, including favorable states such as holistic meaning, positive existential feelings, and positive existential narratives. Still, it can also lead individuals into meaninglessness in life through existential fatigue, existential cocoon, or existential futility. Nonetheless, individual differences in work centrality and proactive behavior to craft meaning can act as moderators to alter the intensity of work’s impact on MiL in a JfWE but not in an RfWE.
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Owen R, Berry K, Brown LJE. 'I like to feel needed, you know?': a qualitative examination of sense of purpose in older care home residents. Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:236-242. [PMID: 34913763 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.2017849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore older care home residents' experiences of maintaining a sense of purpose in life: a core component of psychological wellbeing. METHODS Fifteen residents (9 female; 6 male), aged 60-95 years, from four care homes, were interviewed about their sense of purpose. Interview transcripts were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS Theme 1 ('Experiencing Loss') comprises two sub-themes that describe the impact of age-related losses on residents' sense of purpose (sub-theme 1) and the different responses that participants had to these losses (sub-theme 2). Theme 2 ('The Protective Effects of Social Connections') describes how social relationships could provide a sense of purpose, as well as the difficulties participants experienced in forming these relationships. Finally, theme 3 ('The Roles of Activities') describes the types of activities that could help residents to maintain a sense of purpose. CONCLUSION Care home residents experience losses and barriers that make it more difficult to maintain a sense of purpose. However, with appropriate support and opportunities, residents are able to engage in activities and relationships that provide a sense of purpose. To support residents' mental health and wellbeing, care homes should offer varied opportunities for residents to engage in purposeful activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Owen
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Katherine Berry
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Laura J E Brown
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
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12
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Ackley J, Wilson-Menzfeld G. The theatre as therapy for military veterans? Exploring the mechanisms which impact psychosocial well-being and social connections during theatre-based programmes. Arts Health 2023; 15:53-70. [PMID: 34538198 DOI: 10.1080/17533015.2021.1979608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many countries, performing arts and theatre practices are being employed with Armed Forces Communities. However, very little evidence exists outlining the psychosocial benefits of this practice. Therefore, this study aims to explore the perceived impact of theatre-based programmes on psychosocial well-being, and social connections, of U.K. Military Veterans. METHODS This qualitative study carried out semi-structured interviews with six military veterans who had participated in at least one theatre-based programme. RESULTS Four themes were generated from this study; providing a purpose, therapeutic storytelling, social connection, and the impact of the programme ending. CONCLUSIONS This study provided unique insight into the benefits of theatre-based programmes on the psychosocial well-being of U.K. military veterans. The programmes were perceived as being beneficial for future employment opportunities, but the ending of these programmes was difficult for some and must be considered alongside provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ackley
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northern Hub for Veterans and Military Families' Research, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - G Wilson-Menzfeld
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northern Hub for Veterans and Military Families' Research, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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13
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Sanders CA, Jenkins AT, King LA. Pretty, meaningful lives: physical attractiveness and experienced and perceived meaning in life. THE JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2022.2155222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura A. King
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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14
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O'Shea ME, Sheehan Gilroy B, Greaney AM, MacDonald A. Moving through adulthood: The lived experience of Irish adults with PKU. Front Psychol 2022; 13:983154. [PMID: 36176784 PMCID: PMC9513515 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.983154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThis paper represents a portion of the findings from one of the first research studies eliciting the lived experience of adults with an early diagnosis of Phenylketonuria (PKU) living in Ireland. Ireland has one of the highest prevalence rates of PKU in Europe, however, little is known about the experience of Irish adults with PKU. Furthermore, Ireland is one of the first countries in the world to introduce neonatal screening followed by the introduction of long-term dietary therapy over 50 years ago. This study presents the first comprehensive assessment of the lived experience of Irish adults with PKU on long term dietary therapy.MethodsNarrative data was collected from eleven self-selected participants, using semi-structured interviews. The interviews were divided into five sections focused on eliciting a holistic understanding of the lived experience of adults with PKU living in Ireland. Thematic analysis was guided by Colaizzi's Framework (1978) in conjunction with NVivo qualitative data analysis software.FindingsFindings from the original research encompassed a broad understanding of the lived experience of adults with PKU living in Ireland, including factors influencing dietary therapy and managing PHE blood levels. The themes being discussed within this article are those which appear to be least represented within current literature: living with PKU, including reproductive health, the importance of self-management and establishing routine, support networks in adulthood and concerns regarding aging with PKU.ConclusionIt was evident from the findings that a diagnosis of PKU can influence how adults with PKU may experience aging and their own mortality. These findings offer new insight into the vulnerability attached to the experience of aging with PKU and may be beneficial to advocacy groups and for future development of policy and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Ellen O'Shea
- School of Health and Social Sciences, Munster Technological University, Kerry, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Mary-Ellen O'Shea
| | | | - Anna-Marie Greaney
- School of Health and Social Sciences, Munster Technological University, Kerry, Ireland
| | - Anita MacDonald
- Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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15
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Mohideen F, Heintzelman SJ. Routines and Meaning in Life: Does Activity Content or Context Matter? PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2022:1461672221085797. [PMID: 35473466 DOI: 10.1177/01461672221085797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
People feel that their lives are more meaningful while engaging in behaviors more closely aligned with their routines. Does the behavioral content of these routines and the contextual factors surrounding their enactment matter for this relationship? In two experience sampling studies (N = 93, 1,512 episodes; N = 97, 1,629 episodes), we test whether the relationship between routines and meaning in life (MIL) depends on the content of the activities. We found that the degree to which one's current activity is a routine positively related to momentary MIL beyond other meaningful features (e.g., relationships, goals, prosociality) of that activity. We conducted Study 2 in the context of mass routine disruptions of the COVID-19 pandemic. We found even stronger relationships between routine enactment and concurrent MIL in this context which held controlling for factors, including perceived chaos, mood, and anxiety. These findings suggest that routines uniquely relate to MIL, beyond the meaningfulness of their content and across contexts.
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16
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Mazar A, Wood W. Illusory Feelings, Elusive Habits: People Overlook Habits in Explanations of Behavior. Psychol Sci 2022; 33:563-578. [PMID: 35344455 DOI: 10.1177/09567976211045345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Habits underlie much of human behavior. However, people may prefer agentic accounts that overlook habits in favor of inner states, such as mood. We tested this misattribution hypothesis in an online experiment of helping behavior (N = 809 adults) as well as in an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study of U.S. college students' everyday coffee drinking (N = 112). Both studies revealed a substantial gap between perceived and actual drivers of behavior: Habit strength outperformed or matched inner states in predicting behavior, but participants' explanations of their behavior emphasized inner states. Participants continued to misattribute habits to inner states when incentivized for accuracy and when explaining other people's behavior. We discuss how this misperception could adversely influence self-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaf Mazar
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California
| | - Wendy Wood
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California
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17
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Kim J, Holte P, Martela F, Shanahan C, Li Z, Zhang H, Eisenbeck N, Carreno DF, Schlegel RJ, Hicks JA. Experiential appreciation as a pathway to meaning in life. Nat Hum Behav 2022; 6:677-690. [PMID: 35145278 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-021-01283-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A key research program within the meaning in life (MIL) literature aims to identify the key contributors to MIL. The experience of existential mattering, purpose in life and a sense of coherence are currently posited as three primary contributors to MIL. However, it is unclear whether they encompass all information people consider when judging MIL. Based on the ideas of classic and contemporary MIL scholars, the current research examines whether valuing one's life experiences, or experiential appreciation, constitutes another unique contributor to MIL. Across seven studies, we find support for the idea that experiential appreciation uniquely predicts subjective judgements of MIL, even after accounting for the contribution of mattering, purpose and coherence to these types of evaluations. Overall, these findings support the hypothesis that valuing one's experiences is uniquely tied to perceptions of meaning. Implications for the incorporation of experiential appreciation as a fundamental antecedent of MIL are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyung Kim
- Department of Psychology, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Patricia Holte
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Frank Martela
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Colin Shanahan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Zhanhong Li
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - David F Carreno
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Rebecca J Schlegel
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Joshua A Hicks
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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18
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Kim W, Ju YJ, Lee SY. Does having various types of fear related to the COVID-19 disrupt the daily life of individuals? Epidemiol Health 2022; 44:e2022004. [PMID: 34990533 PMCID: PMC9016387 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2022004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Unexpected changes in daily routines caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may affect psychological health. This study investigated the association between various types of COVID-19-related fear and the subjective level of disturbance in daily activities experienced by individuals. METHODS This cross-sectional study used the Korea Community Health Survey conducted from August through November 2020. COVID-19-related fear included fear of infection, death, public criticism, family members getting infected, and economic loss. The subjective level of disruption in daily activities was measured using a 0-100 numeric rating scale developed by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. Multivariable linear regression was used to analyze the associations between the independent and dependent variables. A subgroup analysis was performed based on income level. RESULTS Participants who reported fear of infection (β=-3.37, p<0.001), death (β=-0.33, p=0.030), public criticism (β=-1.63, p<0.001), a family member getting infected (β=-1.03, p<0.001), and economic loss (β=-3.52, p<0.001) experienced more disturbances in daily activities. The magnitude of this association was most significant in the lowest-income group. CONCLUSIONS Individuals reporting COVID-19-related fear experienced higher levels of subjective disruption in daily activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yeong Jun Ju
- Ajou Univiersity School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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19
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Zhou Z, Zheng L, Qi W, Miao M. Finding meaning from the present and future: The mediating role of meaning in life between temporal focus and mental health. JOURNAL OF PACIFIC RIM PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/18344909221138710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Literature has shown that temporal focus (TF) is closely related to mental health, and both of them are associated with meaning in life (MIL). Nevertheless, few studies have investigated the functional role of MIL in the relationship between TF and mental health, especially in the context of COVID-19. The present study aims to explore the mediating role of MIL between different categories of TF (i.e., past, present, and future TF) and mental health. A two-wave longitudinal survey was conducted among 538 Chinese participants aged between 22 and 70 (M ± SD = 35.07 ± 8.82). TF was assessed at Time 1, while MIL, anxiety, and life satisfaction were measured at Time 2. The results of SEM showed that past TF negatively predicted MIL, while present and future TF positively predicted MIL. In addition, MIL mediated the relationship between TF and mental health indicators (anxiety and life satisfaction). Specifically, past TF demonstrated a negative indirect effect on life satisfaction by reducing MIL, while present and future TF had a positive indirect effect on life satisfaction by strengthening MIL. In contrast, past TF demonstrated a positive indirect effect on anxiety by reducing MIL, while present and future TF had a negative indirect effect on anxiety by strengthening MIL. Therefore, the present results supported the positive roles of present and future TF in promoting MIL and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. For the MIL intervention during the pandemic, the present findings suggested that compared to recalling the past, more attention should be paid to living in the present and hoping for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zhou
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- School of Economics and Management, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Qi
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Miao
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Beijing, China
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20
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Eisenbeck N, Carreno DF, Wong PT, Hicks JA, María RRG, Puga JL, Greville J, Testoni I, Biancalani G, López ACC, Villareal S, Enea V, Schulz-Quach C, Jansen J, Sanchez-Ruiz MJ, Yıldırım M, Arslan G, Cruz JFA, Sofia RM, Ferreira MJ, Ashraf F, Wąsowicz G, Shalaby SM, Amer RA, Yousfi H, Chukwuorji JC, Guerra VM, Singh S, Heintzelman S, Hutapea B, Béjaoui B, Dash A, Schlosser KK, Anniko MK, Rossa M, Wongcharee H, Avsec A, Kocjan GZ, Kavčič T, Leontiev DA, Taranenko O, Rasskazova E, Maher E, García-Montes JM. An international study on psychological coping during COVID-19: Towards a meaning-centered coping style. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2022; 22:100256. [PMID: 34429729 PMCID: PMC8355913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2021.100256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE This study examined the role of different psychological coping mechanisms in mental and physical health during the initial phases of the COVID-19 crisis with an emphasis on meaning-centered coping. METHOD A total of 11,227 people from 30 countries across all continents participated in the study and completed measures of psychological distress (depression, stress, and anxiety), loneliness, well-being, and physical health, together with measures of problem-focused and emotion-focused coping, and a measure called the Meaning-centered Coping Scale (MCCS) that was developed in the present study. Validation analyses of the MCCS were performed in all countries, and data were assessed by multilevel modeling (MLM). RESULTS The MCCS showed a robust one-factor structure in 30 countries with good test-retest, concurrent and divergent validity results. MLM analyses showed mixed results regarding emotion and problem-focused coping strategies. However, the MCCS was the strongest positive predictor of physical and mental health among all coping strategies, independently of demographic characteristics and country-level variables. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the MCCS is a valid measure to assess meaning-centered coping. The results also call for policies promoting effective coping to mitigate collective suffering during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sandeep Singh
- Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, India
| | | | | | | | - Arobindu Dash
- IUBAT—International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Olga Taranenko
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russia
| | | | - Elizabeth Maher
- New Zealand Acceptance & Commitment Therapy Training Ltd., New Zealand
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21
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Besika A, Schooler JW, Verplanken B, Mrazek AJ, Ihm ED. A relationship that makes life worth-living: levels of value orientation explain differences in meaning and life satisfaction. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08802. [PMID: 35146155 PMCID: PMC8802095 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
When people talk about their values they refer to what is meaningful to them. Although meaning is associated with life satisfaction, previous studies report inconsistent results regarding the association of values and well-being. A cross-sectional study (N = 276) addresses the research question, do values influence experiences of meaning and subjective evaluations of life satisfaction? To assess whether providing a definition of “meaningful” is necessary when employing meaning measures, we assigned participants to condition where some provided their definition and others read a definition of “meaningful”. All participants described a recent meaningful experience; they characterized it with sources of meaning; they read descriptions of 10 values and assessed the degree those were relevant to their experience; and they completed meaning and life satisfaction measures. Findings, which were unaffected by reading a definition of “meaningful”, indicated that the most common source of meaning (Family) was associated positively with the value of Tradition and negatively with the value of Universalism. Latent Profile Analysis identified three profiles denoting participants’ level of value orientation, which explained interindividual differences in average levels of meaning and life satisfaction variables. Participants who associated their meaningful experience with the 10 universal values at a high level scored higher in the meaning and life satisfaction measures than those who associated their experience to the 10 universal values at a low level. The present work advances knowledge regarding the relationship between meaning, values and life satisfaction and validates previous studies reporting on meaning as a marker of well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Besika
- Developmental Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan W Schooler
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
| | - Bas Verplanken
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Alissa J Mrazek
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Elliott D Ihm
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
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22
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Fontanet CP, Choudhry NK, Wood W, Robertson T, Haff N, Oran R, Sears ES, Kim E, Hanken K, Barlev RA, Lauffenburger JC, Feldman CH. Randomised controlled trial targeting habit formation to improve medication adherence to daily oral medications in patients with gout. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e055930. [PMID: 34819291 PMCID: PMC8614132 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medication adherence for patients with chronic conditions such as gout, a debilitating form of arthritis that requires daily medication to prevent flares, is a costly problem. Existing interventions to improve medication adherence have only been moderately effective. Habit formation theory is a promising strategy to improve adherence. The cue-reward-repetition principle posits that habits are formed by repeatedly completing an activity after the same cue and having the action rewarded every time. Over time, cues become increasingly important whereas rewards become less salient because the action becomes automatic. Leveraging the cue-reward-repetition principle could improve adherence to daily gout medications. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This three-arm parallel randomised controlled trial tests an adaptive intervention that leverages the repetition cue-reward principle. The trial will began recruitment in August 2021 in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Eligible patients are adults with gout who have been prescribed a daily oral medication for gout and whose most recent uric acid is above 6 mg/dL. Participants will be randomised to one of three arms and given electronic pill bottles. In the two intervention arms, participants will select a daily activity to link to their medication-taking (cue) and a charity to which money will be donated every time they take their medication (reward). Participants in Arm 1 will receive reminder texts about their cue and their charity reward amount will be US$0.50 per day of medication taken. Arm 2 will be adaptive; participants will receive a US$0.25 per adherent-day and no reminder texts. If their adherence is <75% 6 weeks postrandomisation, their reward will increase to US$0.50 per adherent-day and they will receive reminder texts. The primary outcome is adherence to gout medications over 18 weeks. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This trial has ethical approval in the USA. Results will be published in a publicly accessible peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04776161.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance P Fontanet
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Sciences (C4HDS), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Niteesh K Choudhry
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Sciences (C4HDS), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wendy Wood
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Nancy Haff
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Sciences (C4HDS), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Ellen S Sears
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Sciences (C4HDS), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erin Kim
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Sciences (C4HDS), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kaitlin Hanken
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Sciences (C4HDS), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Renee A Barlev
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Sciences (C4HDS), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julie C Lauffenburger
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Sciences (C4HDS), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Candace H Feldman
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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23
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Melnikoff DE, Bargh JA, Wood W. Editorial: On the Nature and Scope of Habits and Model-Free Control. Front Psychol 2021; 12:760841. [PMID: 34744939 PMCID: PMC8566331 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.760841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David E Melnikoff
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - John A Bargh
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Wendy Wood
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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24
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Benti BS, Stadtmann G. Animal Crossing: New Horizons
meets “Maslow's pyramid”. HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hbe2.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Behailu Shiferaw Benti
- Faculty of Business Administration and Economics European University Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder) Germany
| | - Georg Stadtmann
- Faculty of Business Administration and Economics European University Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder) Germany
- Institute for Economics University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
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25
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Rocha A, Almeida F. Mental health innovative solutions in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/jstpm-11-2020-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to explore worldwide innovative solutions that have been proposed to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on people’s mental health.
Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative methodology is adopted, which performs an exploratory study considering the innovative projects identified by the Observatory for Public Sector Innovation framework. Additionally, the analysis of the relevance and characteristics of these projects are explored considering a multidimensional framework composed of five dimensions: novelty level; social need; improvement of society; sector neutrality; and level of emergence.
Findings
The findings reveal that the number of projects in the field of mental health is low, despite their strong relevance to their communities. These projects arise from a strong social need to protect especially the most vulnerable groups in this pandemic and involve a large number of partners in the public sector, business and civil society. The role of volunteering in the revitalization and growth of these initiatives is also recognized.
Originality/value
This study is relevant in both the theoretical and practical dimensions. It allows the exploration of these projects considering the dimensions of social innovation and offers practical implications that allow these projects to be replicated in other countries and regions.
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26
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Kornilaki EN. The psychological effect of COVID-19 quarantine on Greek young adults: Risk factors and the protective role of daily routine and altruism. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 57:33-42. [PMID: 33938580 PMCID: PMC8239756 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To save lives and slow the spread of COVID‐19 Greece imposed a country‐wide, 6‐week lockdown and a stay‐at‐home order at an early stage. This study examines the effect of quarantine on young adults by assessing depression, anxiety, stress and the experience of positive and negative affect. The role of potential risk factors such as disruption of normal life, perceived threat of the disease, acquaintance with someone infected and gender; and protective factors, such as adherence to a daily routine and altruism was evaluated. An online questionnaire entailing demographics, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS‐21), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), measures of life disruption, perceived threat and adherence to a daily routine and an altruism scale was completed by 1018 undergraduates. Increased levels of depression, anxiety, stress and negative affect were found. Life disruption and perceived threat of the disease were risk factors in all psychological distress measures, while a stable, satisfying daily routine and altruism mitigated the negative consequences. Gender was a moderator. Acknowledging the psychological effect of quarantine on young adults should be the starting point for interventions. Helping people build a new routine and assign an altruistic meaning to the confinement can protect psychological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina N Kornilaki
- Psychology Research Lab, Department of Preschool Education, University of Crete, Rethymnon, Greece
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27
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Perlin J, Fivush R. Revisiting Redemption: A Life Span Developmental Account of the Functions of Narrative Redemption. Hum Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1159/000514357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We propose an interdisciplinary developmental model of narrative redemption. Although redemption is one of the most thoroughly studied constructs in the narrative identity literature, research to date has not sufficiently addressed the qualitative structures of redemption, which in turn has led to a lack of attention to the developmental functions that redemption serves in different periods of the life span. Based on a review of existing perspectives on redemption across a variety of disciplines, we propose 2 forms of redemption – return and emergent – that correspond to the dual functions of the life story – stability and change. These forms of redemption also interact with the thematic focus of the narrative, which constitutes the second component of our model. Namely, narratives may emphasize either situation themes or identity themes. We use this revised conceptualization of the structures of redemption to explore the developmental functions of redemption, both theoretically and through narrative examples. We conclude that redemption is an autobiographical tool that can be adapted for different psychosocial functions across the life span.
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Chu STW, Fung HH, Chu L. Is Positive Affect Related to Meaning in Life Differently in Younger and Older Adults? A Time Sampling Study. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 75:2086-2094. [PMID: 31251360 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbz086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prior studies have found that as people age, they value low-arousal positive affect (LAP) to a greater extent and high-arousal positive affect (HAP) to a lower extent. We aimed to investigate whether actually achieving those ideal affects was related to better well-being outcomes, measured in terms of meaning in life. METHODS Using a time sampling design across 14 days (N = 162), we investigated whether the experience of LAP and HAP was related to the experience of meaning in life and how these associations differed across younger and older adults in Hong Kong. RESULTS Both LAP and HAP contributed to the experience of meaning in life for both younger and older adults. The global effect of LAP on meaning in life was stronger for older than younger adults, whereas the momentary effect of HAP on meaning in life was stronger for younger adults than older adults. DISCUSSION Findings suggest that achieving ideal affect is related to better eudaimonic well-being outcomes. People of different age groups know how they want to feel. Actually achieving the feelings endorsed by one's age group is associated with higher meaningfulness of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helene H Fung
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Chu
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
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Ares G, Bove I, Vidal L, Brunet G, Fuletti D, Arroyo Á, Blanc MV. The experience of social distancing for families with children and adolescents during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Uruguay: Difficulties and opportunities. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2021; 121:105906. [PMID: 33390638 PMCID: PMC7771899 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The social distancing measures implemented to contain the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic worldwide have created a series of emotional and economic challenges. The aim of the present work was to explore the experiences of families with children and adolescents during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Uruguay. An online study was conducted in March 2020 with 1725 parents with children under 18 years old. A series of closed and open-ended questions about their family life since the implementation of social distancing measures were asked, addressing the following topics: how they had felt, changes they had experienced in their daily life, children's daily routine, changes implemented in relation to child-care, changes they had perceived in children's eating patterns, changes in their relationship with their children, changes in their children's mood and behavior, and their reaction to those changes. Results showed that the coronavirus pandemic elicited negative feelings in the majority of participants, mainly related to worry, fear, anxiety and uncertainty. Social distancing measures caused a major disruption in daily habits, which were mostly attributed to changes in work-related activities and the closure of educational institutions. Changes in children's mood and behavior were perceived by the majority of the participants, who mainly referred to boredom, agitation and restlessness. Although some participants reported difficulties to cope with children's behavior during social distancing, others valued the opportunity of spending more time with their children. In terms of children's eating patterns, changes related to both an increase and a decrease in the consumption of healthy foods were observed. Results from the present work have relevant implications for public health policy and practice by highlighting the importance of providing emotional and psychological support to people during social distancing measures and providing insights for the design of communication campaigns and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gastón Ares
- Sensometics & Consumer Science, Instituto Polo Tecnológico de Pando, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Leticia Vidal
- Sensometics & Consumer Science, Instituto Polo Tecnológico de Pando, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gerónimo Brunet
- Espacio Interdisciplinario, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Aeon B, Faber A, Panaccio A. Does time management work? A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245066. [PMID: 33428644 PMCID: PMC7799745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Does time management work? We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the impact of time management on performance and well-being. Results show that time management is moderately related to job performance, academic achievement, and wellbeing. Time management also shows a moderate, negative relationship with distress. Interestingly, individual differences and contextual factors have a much weaker association with time management, with the notable exception of conscientiousness. The extremely weak correlation with gender was unexpected: women seem to manage time better than men, but the difference is very slight. Further, we found that the link between time management and job performance seems to increase over the years: time management is more likely to get people a positive performance review at work today than in the early 1990s. The link between time management and gender, too, seems to intensify: women’s time management scores have been on the rise for the past few decades. We also note that time management seems to enhance wellbeing—in particular, life satisfaction—to a greater extent than it does performance. This challenges the common perception that time management first and foremost enhances work performance, and that wellbeing is simply a byproduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad Aeon
- Concordia University, Sir George Williams Campus, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Aïda Faber
- FSA Ulaval, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexandra Panaccio
- Concordia University, Sir George Williams Campus, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
Resumo Sentido de vida é uma variável que tem sido considerada central para compreensão do bem-estar humano nas últimas décadas. Entretanto, o estudo desse conceito é muito mais antigo e ele já recebeu contribuições da filosofia, da psicologia humanista, da logoterapia e, recentemente, da psicologia positiva e da psicometria, o que possibilitou que tal construto fosse mensurado. Este artigo explora os caminhos de sentido de vida enquanto construto ao longo do tempo, discutindo as contribuições que o conceito recebeu de diversas teorias psicológicas, incluindo o recente modelo tripartite de sentido de vida. Por fim, são discutidos os desafios enfrentados por pesquisadores e clínicos que buscam trabalhar com essa variável.
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Oishi S, Choi H, Liu A, Kurtz J. Experiences associated with psychological richness. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0890207020962334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Psychologists typically conceptualize a good life either in terms of hedonic (e.g. life satisfaction, positive affect) or eudaimonic well-being (e.g. meaning, fulfillment of potential). In the current research, we explored another form of a good life: the psychologically rich life. In Study 1, we conducted a 14-day daily diary study ( N = 203). In Study 2, we compared Chinese studying in the United States ( N = 97) with Chinese studying in China ( N = 169). In Study 3, we conducted a 12-week weekly survey study among Americans studying abroad ( N = 43) and Americans studying in the United States ( N = 100). In Study 4, we recruited students who had studied abroad ( N = 84) and their friends (informants) who did not ( N = 76). Study 1 showed that participants who scored higher in a psychologically rich life were more likely to take a short trip during the 14-day period. In Studies 2 to 4, those who studied abroad reported higher levels of a psychologically rich life than those who did not. Unusual experiences such as study abroad were consistently associated with higher levels of psychological richness, whereas they were not consistently associated with life satisfaction, positive affect, and meaning in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehiro Oishi
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hyewon Choi
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ailin Liu
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jaime Kurtz
- Department of Sociology, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
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Chen Y, Kim ES, Shields AE, VanderWeele TJ. Antecedents of Purpose in Life: Evidence from A Lagged Exposure-Wide Analysis. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 7. [PMID: 33072817 DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2020.1825043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential antecedents to having a sense of purpose in life remain understudied. As researchers begin contemplating purpose as a promising target of public health intervention, it is critical to identify its antecedents. Using prospective data from the Nurses' Health Study II (2009-2016; N ranged from 3,905 to 4,189), this study evaluated a wide range of potential antecedents of purpose, including: psychosocial well-being, psychological distress, employment characteristics, lifestyle, and physical health factors. In separate regression models we regressed purpose in life on each candidate antecedent. In each model, we adjusted for the prior value of purpose, prior values of all exposure variables, and various other covariates simultaneously. Bonferroni correction was used to correct for multiple testing. The results suggested that positive affect and the number of close relatives were each associated with higher purpose (e.g., β=0.14, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.17 for positive affect). Several psychological distress indicators were inversely associated with purpose, including depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, loneliness, and hopelessness (e.g., β=-0.16, 95% CI: -0.19, -0.13 for depressive symptoms). There was also some evidence suggesting that fewer close friends, living alone, and unemployment/retirement were associated with lower purpose. There was, however, little evidence that health behaviors or physical health were associated with subsequent purpose. This study extends the literature by providing longitudinal evidence with rigorous analytic methodologies, and by considering a wide range of potential antecedents of purpose including some that have seldom been examined previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Human Flourishing Program, Harvard Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric S Kim
- Human Flourishing Program, Harvard Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra E Shields
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tyler J VanderWeele
- Human Flourishing Program, Harvard Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Heintzelman SJ, Mohideen F, Oishi S, King LA. Lay beliefs about meaning in life: Examinations across targets, time, and countries. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2020.104003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Abstract
Meaning in life has long been a mystery of human existence. In this review, we seek to demystify this construct. Focusing on the subjective experience of meaning in life, we review how it has been measured and briefly describe its correlates. Then we review evidence that meaning in life, for all its mystery, is a rather commonplace experience. We then define the construct and review its constituent facets: comprehension/coherence, purpose, and existential mattering/significance. We review the many experiences that have been shown to enhance meaning in life and close by considering important remaining research questions about this fascinating topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A King
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA;
| | - Joshua A Hicks
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA;
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Amin KP, Griffiths MD, Dsouza DD. Online Gaming During the COVID-19 Pandemic in India: Strategies for Work-Life Balance. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020; 20:296-302. [PMID: 32837441 PMCID: PMC7351552 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00358-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Premnath Amin
- Plexus Neuro and Stem Cell Research Center, 503, 3rd A Main Road, 5th Cross, OMBR Layout, Banaswadi, Bangalore, 560043 India
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ UK
| | - Deena Dimple Dsouza
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Trzebiński J, Cabański M, Czarnecka JZ. Reaction to the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Influence of Meaning in Life, Life Satisfaction, and Assumptions on World Orderliness and Positivity. JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2020.1765098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Scott MJ, Cohen AB. Surviving and Thriving: Fundamental Social Motives Provide Purpose in Life. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2019; 46:944-960. [PMID: 31722617 DOI: 10.1177/0146167219883604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose in life (PIL) is often associated with grand achievements and existential beliefs, but recent theory suggests that it might ultimately track gainful pursuit of basic evolved goals. Five studies (N = 1,993) investigated the relationships between fundamental social motives and PIL. In Study 1, attribution of a life goal pursuit to disease avoidance, affiliation, or kin care motives correlated with higher PIL. Studies 2 and 3 found correlations of self-protection, disease avoidance, affiliation, mate retention, and kin care motives with PIL after controlling for potential confounds. Study 4 showed that writing about success in the status, mating, and kin care domains increased PIL. Study 5 replicated the effect for mating and kin care, but not for status. Results imply that fundamental motives link to PIL through a sense of progress, rather than raw desire. Overall, this set of studies suggests that pursuit of evolved fundamental goals contributes to a purposeful life.
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Russo-Netzer P, Littman-Ovadia H. "Something to Live for": Experiences, Resources, and Personal Strengths in Late Adulthood. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2452. [PMID: 31736839 PMCID: PMC6834683 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to increased life expectancy, the population segment of older adults has grown the fastest. The global phenomenon of population aging raises important questions regarding successful, positive, active, and meaningful aging. Given that aging is often characterized by declines in physical and mental health and increased risk for social isolation and depression, and given that the concept of well-being in old age is both elusive and complex, the present study explored how aging is experienced through a "bottom-up," open-ended approach. Thirty-one in-depth semi-structured personal interviews were conducted with adults aged 60 and above in order to explore the question: what concerns older adults in their day-to-day living, and what are their perceived resources? The findings illuminated three prominent themes: (1) central concerns described by the participants as characterizing their experience at this life stage; (2) strategies employed by the participants to cope with concerns and to live a meaningful life in old age; and (3) resources and character strengths that facilitate coping strategies and enable thriving. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pninit Russo-Netzer
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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