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Motzny SJ, Tratner AE, McDonald MM. Motivations for Endogamous Relationship Preferences. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024:10.1007/s10508-024-02910-9. [PMID: 38888703 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-024-02910-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
People tend to select romantic partners who belong to the same social group as themselves (i.e., endogamy). However, there is limited research on the proximal psychological motivations for choosing endogamous relationship partners. The purpose of this research was to develop a measure of motivations for endogamous relationship preferences and to assess whether such motivations were associated with actual dating experiences and attitudes toward endogamy across four common social categories: race and/or ethnicity, religion, social class, and education. Data from an online sample of participants (Study 1, n = 341) were used to generate items assessing motivations for endogamous relationship preferences. This initial set of items was administered to a new sample of participants (Study 2, n = 193) to establish the component structure of the measure and to examine whether the motivational components were associated with participants' past exogamous dating experiences as well as the perceived importance of dating within one's own racial and/or ethnic, religious, socioeconomic, and educational group. Endogamy motivations characterized by intergroup prejudice were the strongest and most consistent correlates of endogamous relationships and the perceived importance of endogamy. Study 3 (n = 332) replicated the component structure of the measure and the general pattern of associations documented in Study 2, and provided evidence for the measure's construct validity. The overall findings suggest that intergroup prejudice partially explains preferences for endogamous relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Motzny
- Department of Psychology, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Adam E Tratner
- Florida State University, Avenida Jacinto Palacios Cobos, Edificio 227, Office 201, Ciudad del Saber, Panama City, 07144, Republic of Panama.
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2
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Robinson MD, Irvin RL, Fereidouni H, Klein RJ. Feelings as a currency of care: A role for agreeableness in emotional reactivity. J Pers 2024. [PMID: 38780315 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND The personality trait of agreeableness is linked to a number of core tendencies (e.g., empathy, warmth) that operate in a feeling-based manner. Following considerations of this type, it is proposed that the motivations and characteristics of agreeable individuals, relative to disagreeable individuals, should render them more receptive to emotional events and more responsive to them for this reason. METHOD Potential links between agreeableness and emotional reactivity were assessed in two studies involving four samples (total N = 517) in which participants continuously rated their feeling states in response to a variety of affective images. RESULTS Agreeableness did not predict the speed with which emotional reactions began, but agreeable individuals exhibited higher-magnitude peak intensities, regardless of whether stimuli were appetitive (pleasant) or aversive (unpleasant) in nature. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide novel insights into the personality trait of agreeableness, emotional reactivity phenomena, and the dynamic processes that link agreeableness to emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Robinson
- Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Roberta L Irvin
- Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Hamidreza Fereidouni
- Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
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3
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Silva L, Bonomi Bezzo F, Laurence J, Schmid K. Effects of absolute levels of neighbourhood ethnic diversity vs. changes in neighbourhood diversity on prejudice: Moderation by individual differences in personality. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2023; 115:102919. [PMID: 37858365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2023.102919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines drivers of prejudicial attitudes among adults in the UK, focusing on the interaction between ethnic out-group size and personality traits. Leveraging data from the National Child Development Study (NCDS), we use two survey waves carried out in 2000 and 2008, just before and after the EU enlargement policy that drove a wave of immigration in the UK. We test the extent to which personality traits moderate the relationship between both absolute levels and changes in ethnic diversity at the local level, respectively, and prejudice. Key findings suggest that personality traits, in particular one's agreeableness, are important for conditioning how the proportion of non-white British in one's neighbourhood affects out-group attitudes. We observe a tendency towards polarisation in prejudicial attitudes between low-/high-agreeableness residents as their neighbourhoods become more diverse. These findings have important implications for theorising how contextual and individual characteristics jointly affect intergroup relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Silva
- Sciences Po, Center for Research on Social Inequalities (CRIS), Paris, CNRS, France
| | - Franco Bonomi Bezzo
- Department of Social and Political Science, La Statale, University of Milan, Italy; Institut national d'etudes demographiques (INED), Paris, France.
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Cipollina R, Chaney KE, Sanchez DT. Factors that contribute to accurately perceiving anti-black racism and sexism overlap. THE JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37598383 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2023.2246636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Past research demonstrates that prejudice toward women and Black Americans often co-occur in individuals. The present studies examine factors related to accuracy in estimating the co-occurrence, or overlap, of prejudice toward women and Black Americans. Across two studies, criterion overlap percentages were computed using national datasets and separate participant samples estimated prejudice overlap. Results indicate that beliefs about the generalized nature of prejudice can improve accuracy by reducing faulty underestimation of the overlap in anti-Black racism and sexism. In addition to greater displayed accuracy in perceptions of prototypical perpetrators of prejudice (i.e., estimates of White men compared to White women), the present work suggests that accuracy is improved when estimating sexist attitudes from racist attitudes, rather than vice versa. Together, this work documents the accuracy of prejudice overlap perceptions, for the first time, and factors that facilitate accuracy (i.e., perpetrator prototypicality, known prejudicial attitude), with implications for intergroup dynamics research.
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Sedlár M. Thinking dispositions are related to more positive attitudes toward immigrants. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2023.112100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Woitzel J, Koch A. Ideological prejudice is stronger in ideological extremists (vs. moderates). GROUP PROCESSES & INTERGROUP RELATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/13684302221135083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The agency–beliefs–communion (ABC) model and worldview conflict research show that people rate groups as more moral and likable if they rate their ideology as more similar to the ideology of the self. This paper refers to this effect as ideological prejudice. There is a debate whether ideology moderates the effect size of ideological prejudice. Through three observational studies ( NS1 = 700, NS2 = 974, NS3 = 633), this paper contributes to this debate in three ways. First and primarily, the paper shows that ideological prejudice is stronger in conservatives and progressives compared to people with more moderate ideological beliefs. Second, stronger ideological prejudice in ideological extremists (vs. moderates) holds when controlling for stronger ingroup favoritism in ideological extremists (vs. moderates). And third, the paper suggests that higher importance of own ideology in ideological extremists (vs. moderates) may explain why ideological prejudice is stronger in ideological extremists (vs. moderates). These findings develop a part of the ABC model of stereotypes, contribute to worldview conflict research, and help to explain why ideological polarization is divisive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Koch
- The University of Chicago Booth School of Business, USA
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7
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Dierckx K, Van Hiel A, Johnson JD, Lecci L, Valcke B, Sekwena EK. Adaptation and validation of the Johnson-Lecci scale to assess anti-white bias among black UK minority group members. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277077. [PMID: 36441741 PMCID: PMC9704568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study (total N = 901) set out to construct and validate a culturally sensitive instrument to examine anti-White bias among Black UK minority group members. Our novel measure of anti-White bias-which we called the AWB scale-was based upon the Johnson-Lecci scale (JLS; 2003) a questionnaire designed to measure anti-White attitudes among Black Americans. Studies 1 and 2 provided converging evidence for the AWB's four-factor dimensionality, its structural characteristics, its temporal stability and its external validity in Black UK samples, attesting to the consistency of minorities' experience of anti-majority bias in two very different societal contexts. Moreover, Study 3 evidenced our measure's utility for understanding reactions to various relevant contemporary societal events. Theoretical contributions to the literature on intergroup bias are delineated and compared with majority-to-minority prejudice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Dierckx
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain Van Hiel
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Len Lecci
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Barbara Valcke
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Kefilwe Sekwena
- Department of Industrial and Organisational Psychology with Labour Relations Management, Northwest University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Styk W, Wojtowicz E, Zmorzynski S. Reliable Knowledge about Obesity Risk, Rather Than Personality, Is Associated with Positive Beliefs towards Obese People: Investigating Attitudes and Beliefs about Obesity, and Validating the Polish Versions of ATOP, BAOP and ORK-10 Scales. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14977. [PMID: 36429694 PMCID: PMC9690218 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Obesity has reached epidemic proportions. With the increase in the number of obese people, we have also witnessed a rise in the stigmatisation of this population. The aim of our study was to: (I) validate Polish versions of the attitude toward obese people (ATOP) scale, the beliefs about obese persons (BAOP) scale, and translate the obesity risk knowledge scale (ORK-10); (II) analyse the relationship between personality and the knowledge about obesity, as well as attitudes and beliefs towards obese people. METHODS The translation procedure was based on the principles of intercultural validation scales. The study was conducted on a group of 306 individuals, including 189 females and 117 males. RESULTS The original three-factor structure of the ATOP scale was confirmed in the Polish version. Factor analysis confirmed the one-factor structure of the BAOP scale in the Polish version. A very strong correlation was found between ATOP/BAOP and ORK-10. The correlation of personality with ATOP/BAOP scales was at a low level. Regression analysis indicated that knowledge of obesity risk predicted ATOP and BAOP by more than 58% and 50%, in turn, personality only 20% and 3.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION The polish versions of ATOP, BAOP and ORK-10 scales are fully useful measurement tools. The knowledge about obesity risk is associated with beliefs and attitudes about obese people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Styk
- Department of Psychology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Wojtowicz
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Pedagogy and Psychology, Warsaw Management University, 03-772 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Szymon Zmorzynski
- Department of Cancer Genetics with Cytogenetic Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
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9
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College Students’ Political Attitudes Affect Negative Stereotypes about Social Groups. SOCIAL SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci11080321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the relations between political attitudes and negative stereotypes in undergraduates by employing 4 measures of stereotypes: modern sexism, modern racism, feelings about 20 social groups, and ratings of the intelligence of these social groups. It was hypothesized that conservatives and Republicans alike would show more evidence of negative stereotypes than liberals and Democrats, especially for disadvantaged social groups. The study revealed that, indeed, Republicans showed stronger evidence of negative stereotypes but that Democrats also harbor some biases. Importantly, the social groups for whom Democrats and Republicans show negative stereotypes differed greatly. Republicans had considerably more negative stereotypes against racial and religious minorities, and particularly against individuals who do not identify with the cis-gender, heterosexual norm. Thus, the targets of Republicans’ stereotypes were groups that have traditionally been subjected to discrimination. Democrats, on the other hand, held stronger negative stereotypes against groups that are more politically powerful, such as Caucasians and Christians.
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Bergh R, Brandt MJ. Generalized Prejudice: Lessons about social power, ideological conflict, and levels of abstraction. EUROPEAN REVIEW OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2022.2040140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Bergh
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Mark J. Brandt
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University East Lansing United States
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Zmigrod L. A Psychology of Ideology: Unpacking the Psychological Structure of Ideological Thinking. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2022; 17:1072-1092. [PMID: 35231196 PMCID: PMC9274788 DOI: 10.1177/17456916211044140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The psychological study of ideology has traditionally emphasized the content of ideological beliefs, guided by questions about what people believe, such as why people believe in omniscient gods or fascist worldviews. This theoretical focus has led to siloed subdisciplines separately dealing with political, religious, moral, and prejudiced attitudes. The fractionation has fostered a neglect of the cognitive structure of ideological worldviews and associated questions about why ideologies—in all their forms—are so compelling to the human mind. Here I argue that it is essential to consider the nature of ideological cognition across a multitude of ideologies. I offer a multidimensional, empirically tractable framework of ideological thinking, suggesting it can be conceptualized as a style of thinking that is rigid in its adherence to a doctrine and resistance to evidence-based belief-updating and favorably oriented toward an in-group and antagonistic to out-groups. The article identifies the subcomponents of ideological thinking and highlights that ideological thinking constitutes a meaningful psychological phenomenon that merits direct scholarly investigation and analysis. By emphasizing conceptual precision, methodological directions, and interdisciplinary integration across the political and cognitive sciences, the article illustrates the potential of this framework as a catalyst for developing a rigorous domain-general psychology of ideology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leor Zmigrod
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge
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12
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Himmelberger ZM, Faught GG, Tungate AS, Conners FA, Merrill EC. Personality traits predict attitudes toward individuals with intellectual disability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 69:906-914. [PMID: 37885845 PMCID: PMC10599174 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2022.2044594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Background: Explaining individual differences in people's attitudes toward individuals with intellectual disability (ID) is important for increasing social inclusion of people with ID. The aim of the current study was to replicate and extend past research by formulating a single model of attitudes toward individuals with ID with several predictors: personality traits, quality and quantity of contact, perceived knowledge of ID, social desirability, and demographics. Methods: A sample of 221 undergraduate students in the United States completed several surveys in a lab setting: the Mental Retardation Attitude Inventory-Revised, the Big Five Inventory, McManus et al.'s measures of contact with and perceived knowledge of ID, and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Results: Results replicated previous findings by showing quality of contact was the strongest predictor of attitudes. Additionally, we found openness to experience and agreeableness remained significant predictors after holding all other variables constant. A follow-up mediation analysis demonstrated that quality of contact mediated the relations from openness and agreeableness to attitudes. Conclusions: Findings suggest personality factors can influence attitudes toward individuals with ID, and further emphasize the importance of quality of contact. Implications for the social inclusion of individuals with ID are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M. Himmelberger
- Behavioral Sciences Division, Maryville College, Maryville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Gayle G. Faught
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Andrew S. Tungate
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Frances A. Conners
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Edward C. Merrill
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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Jhon M, Stewart R, Kim JW, Kang HJ, Lee JY, Kim SW, Shin IS, Kim JM. Predictors and outcomes of experienced and anticipated discrimination in patients treated for depression: A 2-year longitudinal study. J Affect Disord 2021; 294:761-768. [PMID: 34375201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stigma is both common and associated with greater depressive morbidity in depressives. Surprisingly few longitudinal studies have explored the predictors and consequences of stigma and discrimination. METHOD A total of 230 patients with depression who were commencing treatment were enrolled. Experienced and anticipated discrimination were assessed using the Discrimination and Stigma Scale at the 1-year follow-up. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Clinical Global Impression Scale-Severity, Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS), EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) questionnaire, and Sheehan Disability Scale were administered at baseline, 1 year, and 2 years, to assess various depression outcomes. Baseline personality was evaluated using the Big Five Inventory-10. RESULTS A previous depressive history and low agreeableness predicted experienced discrimination; a higher level of education, non-married status, and higher functional disability predicted anticipated discrimination. Higher-level experienced discrimination during the first year of treatment was significantly associated with poorer improvements in all six measured outcomes after 1 year of treatment, and again after 2 years of treatment (with the exception of the EQ-5D score). Higher anticipated discrimination was significantly associated with less improvement in the SOFAS scores after both 1 and 2 years of treatments. LIMITATIONS The study was a single-center work; this maximized consistency but may limit generalizability. CONCLUSIONS Discrimination exerts negative effects on depression outcomes that can be predicted at the initiation of treatment. Interventional studies are required to prevent and manage stigmatization of persons with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jhon
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert Stewart
- Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ju-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Ju Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Seon Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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Ng DX, Lin PKF, Marsh NV, Chan KQ, Ramsay JE. Associations Between Openness Facets, Prejudice, and Tolerance: A Scoping Review With Meta-Analysis. Front Psychol 2021; 12:707652. [PMID: 34650474 PMCID: PMC8506218 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.707652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The personality factor of openness to experience, which encompasses curiosity, imagination, and a desire for new experiences, has been associated negatively with prejudice and positively with the closely related value of tolerance. While these relationships have been reviewed at the factor level, there has been no review of research at the lower facet level. This review aims to uncover the relationships between the facets of openness and the constructs of prejudice and tolerance. We conducted a preregistered scoping review with meta-analysis following the recommended guidelines from Joanna Briggs Institute. A total of 2,349 articles were reviewed, with 16 primary research articles (or 17 studies) meeting the criteria for inclusion. Aggregated effect sizes via random-effect meta-analysis revealed that all revised neuroticism-extraversion-openness personality inventory (NEO-PI-R) and international personality item pool (IPIP)-based facets of openness significantly predicted prejudice and tolerance. Out of the three measures [i.e., NEO-PI-R, IPIP-NEO, and honesty-humility, emotionality, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience personality inventory (HEXACO-PI), and the facets of openness examined], the NEO-PI-R facet of value was most strongly associated with prejudice. In contrast, the NEO-PI-R facet of aesthetics was the facet most strongly associated with tolerance. However, these results should be treated as preliminary in light of the small number of meta-analyzed studies and more primary research studies are needed to confirm the trends found in this review. This review represents the first step in the systematic investigation of the link between the facets of openness and components of prejudice and tolerance and contributes toward explaining prejudice and tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. X. Ng
- School of Social and Health Sciences, James Cook University, Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Lawn ECR, Zhao K, Laham SM, Smillie LD. Prosociality Beyond Big Five Agreeableness and HEXACO Honesty-Humility: Is Openness/Intellect Associated With Cooperativeness in the Public Goods Game? EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070211028104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Who is cooperative? Although Big Five (B5) Agreeableness and HEXACO Honesty-Humility are correlates of charitable prosociality, distinctions between “charity” and “cooperation” suggest that additional traits could be associated with cooperative prosociality. Echoing prior theoretical and empirical indications that B5 Openness/Intellect may play a role in cooperation, Study 1 ( N = 119; exploratory) revealed a significant correlation between Openness/Intellect and cooperativeness in the one-shot Public Goods Game that did not generalize to charitableness in the Dictator Game. We therefore conducted three preregistered replications to discern the robustness of this Openness/Intellect–cooperativeness link. As expected, Openness/Intellect showed no consistent correlation with charitable behavior. Surprisingly, the predicted correlation between Openness/Intellect and cooperative behavior was also inconsistent, partially replicating in Study 3 ( N = 304) but not Studies 2 or 4 ( Ns = 131; 552). Across our replications, cooperative behavior was most strongly correlated with Honesty-Humility (internal meta-analytic [Formula: see text] = .15, p = .005). The correlation between Openness/Intellect and cooperative behavior across our replications was significant and identical in magnitude to that between Agreeableness and cooperative behavior, though this effect-size was weak (internal meta-analytic [Formula: see text] = .08, p < .001). We therefore conclude that Openness/Intellect is a nonnull but very modest correlate of cooperativeness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin C. R. Lawn
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kun Zhao
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
- BehaviourWorks Australia, Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University, Australia
| | - Simon M. Laham
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Luke D. Smillie
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
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An emerging consensus in palaeoanthropology: demography was the main factor responsible for the disappearance of Neanderthals. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4925. [PMID: 33649483 PMCID: PMC7921565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84410-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The causes of Neanderthal disappearance about 40,000 years ago remain highly contested. Over a dozen serious hypotheses are currently endorsed to explain this enigmatic event. Given the relatively large number of contending explanations and the relatively large number of participants in the debate, it is unclear how strongly each contender is supported by the research community. What does the community actually believe about the demise of Neanderthals? To address this question, we conducted a survey among practicing palaeo-anthropologists (total number of respondents = 216). It appears that received wisdom is that demography was the principal cause of the demise of Neanderthals. In contrast, there is no received wisdom about the role that environmental factors and competition with modern humans played in the extinction process; the research community is deeply divided about these issues. Finally, we tested the hypothesis that palaeo-anthropologists' stand in the debate co-varies with their socio-political views and attitudes. We found no evidence for such a correlation.
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Zimmermann J, Greischel H, Jonkmann K, Neyer FJ. Growth all along the road? Personality development and international contacts of (in)experienced sojourners. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/0890207020988439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
International student mobility (ISM) is an important educational means to promote the international (job market) potential of university students. Beyond that, it constitutes a context of personality development in young adulthood. With the present research, we tried to integrate the perspectives of applied and personality research in addressing the following questions. First, we scrutinized the robustness of ISM effects on personality development as we controlled for effects of sociodemographic characteristics and implemented a waiting group design ( N = 3070). Second, we explored ISM anticipation effects as well as the moderation of ISM effects by previous international mobility experiences. Finally, in view of the public discourse on the benefits of “Erasmus crowds”, we assessed the roles of international and host relationships with regard to the personality development of sojourners. The results largely corroborated the robustness of ISM effects on personality development. No ISM anticipation effects occurred, and effects of current ISM engagement were largely unaffected by previous international mobility experiences. Finally, international contact experiences were associated with personality development above and beyond effects of host country contacts. Implications for the understanding of personality development and potential inferences for the organization and improvement of ISM programs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Franz J. Neyer
- Department of Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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Satherley N, Sibley CG, Osborne D. Identity, ideology, and personality: Examining moderators of affective polarization in New Zealand. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2020.103961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Koch A, Imhoff R, Unkelbach C, Nicolas G, Fiske S, Terache J, Carrier A, Yzerbyt V. Groups' warmth is a personal matter: Understanding consensus on stereotype dimensions reconciles adversarial models of social evaluation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2020.103995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Halperin E, Schori‐Eyal N. Towards a new framework of personalized psychological interventions to improve intergroup relations and promote peace. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eran Halperin
- Department of PsychologyHebrew University of Jerusalem Israel
| | - Noa Schori‐Eyal
- School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya Israel
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