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Zhang W, Zhou C, Zhou F, Zalán Z, Shi H, Kan J, Cai T, Chen K. Determination of twelve neonicotinoid pesticides in chili using an improved QuEChERS method with UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Food Chem 2024; 452:139463. [PMID: 38718451 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a QuEChERS method based on citrate was developed and utilized for the analysis of twelve neonicotinoid pesticides in fresh red chilies, fresh green chilies, and dried chilies, coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS). In the sample preparation, acetonitrile containing 1% formic acid was used as the extraction solvent. Anhydrous sodium sulfate replaced the traditional anhydrous magnesium sulfate for water removal, effectively eliminating the issues of salt caking. Graphitized carbon black, octadecyl silica, and primary secondary amine were used as cleaning agents. The method showed good sensitivity, with the limits of quantification below 0.03 mg/kg for fresh chilies and below 0.15 mg/kg for dried chilies. Values of matrix effects ranged from -19.5% to 8.4%, and the recovery was 86.9% - 105.2%. The analytical method provided an effective tool for the high throughput detection of neonicotinoid pesticide residues in multiple chili matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China; China-Hungary Cooperative Centre for Food Science, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Specialty Food Co-built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Chunjie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Condiment Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, No. 1, Chunlan 2(nd) Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401121, PR China
| | - Fenglan Zhou
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China; China-Hungary Cooperative Centre for Food Science, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Specialty Food Co-built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Zsolt Zalán
- China-Hungary Cooperative Centre for Food Science, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Food Science and Technology Institute, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Buda Campus, Villányi str. 29-43, Budapest H-1118, Hungary
| | - Hui Shi
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China; China-Hungary Cooperative Centre for Food Science, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Specialty Food Co-built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Jianquan Kan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China; China-Hungary Cooperative Centre for Food Science, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Specialty Food Co-built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Tian Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China; China-Hungary Cooperative Centre for Food Science, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
| | - Kewei Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China; China-Hungary Cooperative Centre for Food Science, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Key Laboratory of Condiment Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, No. 1, Chunlan 2(nd) Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401121, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Specialty Food Co-built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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Kostelecka K, Bryliński Ł, Komar O, Michalczyk J, Miłosz A, Biłogras J, Woliński F, Forma A, Baj J. An Overview of the Spices Used for the Prevention and Potential Treatment of Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1611. [PMID: 38672692 PMCID: PMC11049028 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) ranks third in terms of cancer-related deaths and is the fifth most commonly diagnosed type of cancer. Its risk factors include Helicobacter pylori infection, Epstein-Barr virus infection, the consumption of broiled and charbroiled animal meats, salt-preserved and smoke-enhanced foods, alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking, exposure to ionizing radiation, and positive family history. The limited effectiveness of conventional therapies and the widespread risk factors of GC encourage the search for new methods of treatment and prevention. In the quest for cheap and commonly available medications, numerous studies focus on herbal medicine, traditional brews, and spices. In this review, we outline the potential use of spices, including turmeric, ginger, garlic, black cumin, chili pepper, saffron, black pepper, rosemary, galangal, coriander, wasabi, cinnamon, oregano, cardamom, fenugreek, caraway, clove, dill, thyme, Piper sarmentosum, basil, as well as the compounds they contain, in the prevention and treatment of GC. We present the potential molecular mechanisms responsible for the effectivity of a given seasoning substance and their impact on GC cells. We discuss their potential effects on proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. For most of the spices discussed, we also outline the unavailability and side effects of their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kostelecka
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (Ł.B.); (O.K.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (J.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Łukasz Bryliński
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (Ł.B.); (O.K.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (J.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Olga Komar
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (Ł.B.); (O.K.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (J.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Justyna Michalczyk
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (Ł.B.); (O.K.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (J.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Agata Miłosz
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (Ł.B.); (O.K.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (J.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Jan Biłogras
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (Ł.B.); (O.K.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (J.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Filip Woliński
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Alicja Forma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jacek Baj
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (Ł.B.); (O.K.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (J.B.); (J.B.)
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3
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Hudáková T, Šemeláková M, Očenáš P, Kožurková M, Krochtová K, Sovová S, Tóthová Z, Guľášová Z, Popelka P, Solár P. Chili pepper extracts, capsaicin, and dihydrocapsaicin as potential anticancer agents targeting topoisomerases. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:96. [PMID: 38383414 PMCID: PMC10880293 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04394-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA topoisomerases regulate conformational changes in DNA topology during normal cell growth, such as replication, transcription, recombination, and repair, and may be targeted for anticancer drugs. A DNA topology assay was used to investigate DNA-damaging/protective activities of extracts from Habanero Red (HR), Habanero Maya Red (HMR), Trinidad Moruga Scorpion (TMS), Jalapeno (J), Serrano pepper (SP), Habanero Red Savina (HRS), Bhut Jolokia (BJ), and Jamaica Rosso (JR) peppers, demonstrating their inhibitory effect on the relaxation of pBR by Topo I. DNA topoisomerase II (Topo II) is proven therapeutic target of anticancer drugs. Complete inhibition of Topo II was observed for samples TMS, HR, and HMR. Extracts J and SP had the lowest capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin content compared to other peppers. HR, HMR, TMS, J, S, HRS, BJ, JR extracts showed the anticancer effect, examined by MTS and xCell assay on the in vitro culture of human colon carcinoma cell line HCT116.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terézia Hudáková
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martina Šemeláková
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Očenáš
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Mária Kožurková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Kristína Krochtová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Simona Sovová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Tóthová
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Guľášová
- Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research MEDIPARK, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Popelka
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Solár
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11, Košice, Slovakia.
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Huang Y, Yan H, Zhang B, Zhu G, Yu J, Xiao X, He W, Chen Y, Gao X, She Z, Li M, Yuan J. Ascomylactam C Induces an Immunogenic Cell Death Signature via Mitochondria-Associated ER Stress in Lung Cancer and Melanoma. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:600. [PMID: 38132921 PMCID: PMC10744434 DOI: 10.3390/md21120600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascomylactam C (AsC) is a new 13-membered-ring macrocyclic alkaloid, which was first isolated and identified in 2019 from the secondary metabolites of the mangrove endophytic fungus Didymella sp. CYSK-4 in the South China Sea. AsC has been found to have a broad-spectrum cytotoxic activity. However, the antitumor effects in vivo and mechanisms of AsC remain unclear. The aim of this study was to describe the effects of AsC on lung cancer and melanoma cells and to explore the antitumor molecular mechanism of AsC. In vitro, we used plate colony formation experiments and demonstrated the ability of AsC to inhibit low-density tumor growth. An Annexin V/PI cell apoptosis detection experiment revealed that AsC induced tumor cell apoptosis. In vivo, AsC suppressed the tumor growth of LLC and B16F10 allograft significantly in mice, and promoted the infiltration of CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells in tumor tissues. Mechanistically, by analyses of Western blotting, immunofluorescence and ELISA analysis, we found that AsC increased ROS formation, induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, activated the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK)/eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF2α)/activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)/C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) signaling pathway, and induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumor cells. Our results suggest that AsC may be a potentially promising antitumor drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.H.); (H.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; (G.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.X.)
| | - Hongmei Yan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.H.); (H.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; (G.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.X.)
| | - Bingzhi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (B.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Ge Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; (G.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.X.)
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jianchen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; (G.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.X.)
| | - Xuhan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; (G.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.X.)
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wenxuan He
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China;
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
| | - Xiaoxia Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (B.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Zhigang She
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
| | - Mengfeng Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.H.); (H.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; (G.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.X.)
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China; (G.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.X.)
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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5
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Luján-Méndez F, Roldán-Padrón O, Castro-Ruíz JE, López-Martínez J, García-Gasca T. Capsaicinoids and Their Effects on Cancer: The "Double-Edged Sword" Postulate from the Molecular Scale. Cells 2023; 12:2573. [PMID: 37947651 PMCID: PMC10650825 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsaicinoids are a unique chemical species resulting from a particular biosynthesis pathway of hot chilies (Capsicum spp.) that gives rise to 22 analogous compounds, all of which are TRPV1 agonists and, therefore, responsible for the pungency of Capsicum fruits. In addition to their human consumption, numerous ethnopharmacological uses of chili have emerged throughout history. Today, more than 25 years of basic research accredit a multifaceted bioactivity mainly to capsaicin, highlighting its antitumor properties mediated by cytotoxicity and immunological adjuvancy against at least 74 varieties of cancer, while non-cancer cells tend to have greater tolerance. However, despite the progress regarding the understanding of its mechanisms of action, the benefit and safety of capsaicinoids' pharmacological use remain subjects of discussion, since CAP also promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition, in an ambivalence that has been referred to as "the double-edge sword". Here, we update the comparative discussion of relevant reports about capsaicinoids' bioactivity in a plethora of experimental models of cancer in terms of selectivity, efficacy, and safety. Through an integration of the underlying mechanisms, as well as inherent aspects of cancer biology, we propose mechanistic models regarding the dichotomy of their effects. Finally, we discuss a selection of in vivo evidence concerning capsaicinoids' immunomodulatory properties against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Luján-Méndez
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. De las Ciencias s/n, Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Querétaro, Mexico; (F.L.-M.); (O.R.-P.); (J.L.-M.)
| | - Octavio Roldán-Padrón
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. De las Ciencias s/n, Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Querétaro, Mexico; (F.L.-M.); (O.R.-P.); (J.L.-M.)
| | - J. Eduardo Castro-Ruíz
- Escuela de Odontología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 76176, Querétaro, Mexico;
| | - Josué López-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. De las Ciencias s/n, Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Querétaro, Mexico; (F.L.-M.); (O.R.-P.); (J.L.-M.)
| | - Teresa García-Gasca
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. De las Ciencias s/n, Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Querétaro, Mexico; (F.L.-M.); (O.R.-P.); (J.L.-M.)
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Siudem P, Szeleszczuk Ł, Paradowska K. Searching for Natural Aurora a Kinase Inhibitors from Peppers Using Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1539. [PMID: 38004405 PMCID: PMC10674409 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products are the precursors of many medicinal substances. Peppers (Piper, Capsicum, Pimienta) are a rich source of compounds with potential multidirectional biological activity. One of the studied directions is antitumor activity. Little research has been carried out so far on the ability of the compounds contained in peppers to inhibit the activity of Aurora A kinase, the overexpression of which is characteristic of cancer development. In this study, molecular docking methods, as well as molecular dynamics, were used, looking for compounds that could inhibit the activity of Aurora A kinase and trying to determine whether there is a relationship between the stimulation of the TRPV1 receptor and the inhibition of Aurora A kinase. We compared our results with anticancer activity studied earlier on MCF-7 cell lines (breast cancer cells). Our research indicates that the compounds contained in peppers can inhibit Aurora A. Further in vitro research is planned to confirm the obtained results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Siudem
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (Ł.S.); (K.P.)
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Schwarztrauber M, Edwards N, Hiryak J, Chandrasekaran R, Wild J, Bommareddy A. Antitumor and chemopreventive role of major phytochemicals against breast cancer development. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-21. [PMID: 37646820 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2251167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer continues to be one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers around the world. Despite the decrease in mortality, there has been a steady increase in its incidence. There is much evidence that naturally occurring phytochemicals could prove to be safer alternatives aimed at prevention and development of breast cancer. In the present review, we discuss important phytochemicals, namely capsaicin, alpha-santalol and diallyl trisulphide that are shown to have chemopreventive and anti-tumour properties against breast cancer development. We examined current knowledge of their bioavailability, safety and modulation of molecular mechanisms including their ability to induce apoptotic cell death, promote cell cycle arrest, and inhibit cellular proliferation in different breast cancer cell lines and in vivo models. This review emphasises the importance of these naturally occurring phytochemicals and their potential of becoming therapeutic options in the arsenal against breast cancer development provided further scientific and clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathaniel Edwards
- Nesbitt School of Pharmacy, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA
| | - James Hiryak
- Nesbitt School of Pharmacy, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA
| | - Ritesh Chandrasekaran
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E Schmidt College of Medicine, FL Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Jayson Wild
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E Schmidt College of Medicine, FL Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Ajay Bommareddy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E Schmidt College of Medicine, FL Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
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Patwardhan CA, Kommalapati VK, Llbiyi T, Singh D, Alfa E, Horuzsko A, Korkaya H, Panda S, Reilly CA, Popik V, Chadli A. Capsaicin binds the N-terminus of Hsp90, induces lysosomal degradation of Hsp70, and enhances the anti-tumor effects of 17-AAG (Tanespimycin). Sci Rep 2023; 13:13790. [PMID: 37612326 PMCID: PMC10447550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and its co-chaperones promote cancer, and targeting Hsp90 holds promise for cancer treatment. Most of the efforts to harness this potential have focused on targeting the Hsp90 N-terminus ATP binding site. Although newer-generation inhibitors have shown improved efficacy in aggressive cancers, induction of the cellular heat shock response (HSR) by these inhibitors is thought to limit their clinical efficacy. Therefore, Hsp90 inhibitors with novel mechanisms of action and that do not trigger the HSR would be advantageous. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which capsaicin inhibits Hsp90. Through mutagenesis, chemical modifications, and proteomic studies, we show that capsaicin binds to the N-terminus of Hsp90 and inhibits its ATPase activity. Consequently, capsaicin and its analogs inhibit Hsp90 ATPase-dependent progesterone receptor reconstitution in vitro. Capsaicin did not induce the HSR, instead, it promoted the degradation of Hsp70 through the lysosome-autophagy pathway. Remarkably, capsaicin did not induce degradation of the constitutively expressed cognate Hsc70, indicating selectivity for Hsp70. Combined treatments of capsaicin and the Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG improved the anti-tumor efficacy of 17-AAG in cell culture and tridimensional tumor spheroid growth assays using breast and prostate cancer models. Consistent with this, in silico docking studies revealed that capsaicin binding to the ATP binding site of Hsp90 was distinct from classical N-terminus Hsp90 inhibitors, indicating a novel mechanism of action. Collectively, these findings support the use of capsaicin as a chemical scaffold to develop novel Hsp90 N-terminus inhibitors as well as its ability to be a potential cancer co-therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya A Patwardhan
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Vamsi Krishna Kommalapati
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Taoufik Llbiyi
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Digvijay Singh
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Eyad Alfa
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Anatolij Horuzsko
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Hasan Korkaya
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Siva Panda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Christopher A Reilly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Vladimir Popik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Ahmed Chadli
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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Weigert Muñoz A, Meighen-Berger KM, Hacker SM, Feige MJ, Sieber SA. A chemical probe unravels the reactive proteome of health-associated catechols. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8635-8643. [PMID: 37592978 PMCID: PMC10430718 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00888f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Catechol-containing natural products are common constituents of foods, drinks, and drugs. Natural products carrying this motif are often associated with beneficial biological effects such as anticancer activity and neuroprotection. However, the molecular mode of action behind these properties is poorly understood. Here, we apply a mass spectrometry-based competitive chemical proteomics approach to elucidate the target scope of catechol-containing bioactive molecules from diverse foods and drugs. Inspired by the protein reactivity of catecholamine neurotransmitters, we designed and synthesised a broadly reactive minimalist catechol chemical probe based on dopamine. Initial labelling experiments in live human cells demonstrated broad protein binding by the probe, which was largely outcompeted by its parent compound dopamine. Next, we investigated the competition profile of a selection of biologically relevant catechol-containing substances. With this approach, we characterised the protein reactivity and the target scope of dopamine and ten biologically relevant catechols. Strikingly, proteins associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) were among the main targets. ER stress assays in the presence of reactive catechols revealed an activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is highly relevant in oncology and cellular resilience, which may provide an explanation of the health-promoting effects attributed to many catechol-containing natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Weigert Muñoz
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies, Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 8 D-85748 Garching Germany
| | - Kevin M Meighen-Berger
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies, Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstraße 4 D-85748 Garching Germany
| | - Stephan M Hacker
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden Netherlands
| | - Matthias J Feige
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies, Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstraße 4 D-85748 Garching Germany
| | - Stephan A Sieber
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies, Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 8 D-85748 Garching Germany
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10
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A A, N V K, S AK, Palpandi Raja R, M S. A review of extraction and quantification of capsaicin and its bio insecticidal activity in food grains. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 54:435-443. [PMID: 37539942 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2241137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Chili peppers pungent and spicy flavor is caused by capsaicin, which is one of their active components. As well as being an important aspect of fruit quality, the hot sensation is a key attribute linked to members of the Capsicum genus. Extraction is one of the most popular techniques for separating and purifying organic materials, but the technique must be quick, affordable, adaptable, efficient, and high performing. This review formulates the extraction of Capsaicin from chili peppers. The extraction methods used were solvent extraction (SE), ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE), microwave assisted extraction (MAE), enzymatic treatment, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), solid phase microextraction (SPME), aqueous two phase system (ATPS) and liquid under pressure (PLE). The content of capsaicin in the extract was evaluated by using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and High performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The insecticidal activity of capsaicin in storage insects in food grains for shelf life enhancement and bio availability of capsaicinoids in terms of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ancy A
- Centre for Food Technology, A. C. Tech, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kanimozhi N V
- Centre for Food Technology, A. C. Tech, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashok Kumar S
- Centre for Food Technology, A. C. Tech, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Palpandi Raja
- Centre for Food Technology, A. C. Tech, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sukumar M
- Centre for Food Technology, A. C. Tech, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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11
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Czech-Załubska K, Klich D, Jackowska-Tracz A, Didkowska A, Bogdan J, Anusz K. Dyes Used in Processed Meat Products in the Polish Market, and Their Possible Risks and Benefits for Consumer Health. Foods 2023; 12:2610. [PMID: 37444348 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Manufacturers are obliged to label processed meat products with information concerning the additives used and nutritional values. The aim of the study was to identify the dyes most frequently used in processed meat, evaluate their influence on specific food qualities, assess whether their use was correct and review their effect on health. The analysis was based on information on the labels and images of processed meat, and used a generalised linear model with a binary dependent variable. The risks and benefits for human health were defined based on the available literature. Twelve dyes were found to be used in the manufacture of processed meat. Carmine was found in 183 of 273 (67.03%) evaluated assortments containing dyes. The occurrence of water, flavourings and high fat and carbohydrate contents increased the chances that a dye would be present in a particular product. Unauthorised use of food additives was found in 20 products, with smoked meat products demonstrating the highest number of non-compliances. In general, the dyes used with food are considered safe; however, reservations are associated with the use of E150C and E150D caramels due to their potential carcinogenic effect, and carmine and annatto due to their allergic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Czech-Załubska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Klich
- Institute of Animal Sciences, University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jackowska-Tracz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Didkowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Bogdan
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Anusz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Zeng H, Shi N, Peng W, Yang Q, Ren J, Yang H, Chen L, Chen Y, Guo J. Effects of Capsaicin on Glucose Uptake and Consumption in Hepatocytes. Molecules 2023; 28:5258. [PMID: 37446918 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity represents a major health challenge because it substantially increases the risk of metabolic diseases. Capsaicin, the major active ingredient of Capsicum spp., has been reported to possess anti-obesity activity. Hereon, the effect of capsaicin on glucose uptake and consumption in hepatocytes was extensively studied. Capsaicin was shown to accelerate the glucose uptake/consumption and the ATP production of hepatocytes. The elevation of intracellular Ca2+ was thought to be a potential mechanism. By transcriptome analysis, 78, 146 and 507 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between capsaicin and the control group for 4 h, 12 h and 24 h treatments. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that most of the DEGs were involved in canonical pathways, like MAPK and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways. Clustering analysis showed that many DEGs were associated with glucose and amino acid metabolism. The variation trend in genes related to glucose and amino acid metabolism (like CTH, VEGFA, PCK2 and IGFBP3) in the quantitative PCR (q-PCR) assay was consistent with the transcriptome data. These results demonstrated that capsaicin efficiently accelerated the glucose uptake and consumption of hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolong Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Nian Shi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenlei Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Jingnan Ren
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Emergency, Wuhan Municipal Fourth Hospital Affiliated Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430034, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yijie Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Jiangbei Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430100, China
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13
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Furukawa M, Tada H, Raju R, Wang J, Yokoi H, Ikuyo Y, Yamada M, Shikama Y, Matsushita K. Long-Term Capsaicin Administration Ameliorates the Dysfunction and Astrogliosis of the Brain in Aged Mice with Missing Maxillary Molars. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112471. [PMID: 37299434 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth loss and decreased masticatory function reportedly affect cognitive function; tooth loss allegedly induces astrogliosis and aging of astrocytes in the hippocampus and hypothalamus, which is a response specific to the central nervous system owing to homeostasis in different brain regions. Capsaicin, a component of red peppers, has positive effects on brain disorders in mice. Decreased expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, a receptor of capsaicin, is associated with the development of dementia. In this study, we investigated the effect of capsaicin administration in aged mice (C57BL/6N mice) with reduced masticatory function owing to the extraction of maxillary molars to investigate preventive/therapeutic methods for cognitive decline attributed to age-related masticatory function loss. The results demonstrated that mice with impaired masticatory function showed decreased motor and cognitive function at the behavioral level. At the genetic level, neuroinflammation, microglial activity, and astrogliosis, such as increased glial fibrillary acidic protein levels, were observed in the mouse brain. The mice with extracted molars fed on a diet containing capsaicin for 3 months demonstrated improved behavioral levels and astrogliosis, which suggest that capsaicin is useful in maintaining brain function in cases of poor oral function and prosthetic difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masae Furukawa
- Department of Oral Disease Research, Geroscience Research Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan
| | - Hirobumi Tada
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Wellness, Shigakkan University, Obu 474-8651, Japan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Geroscience Research Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan
| | - Resmi Raju
- Department of Oral Disease Research, Geroscience Research Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan
| | - Jingshu Wang
- Department of Oral Disease Research, Geroscience Research Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan
| | - Haruna Yokoi
- Department of Oral Disease Research, Geroscience Research Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan
| | - Yoriko Ikuyo
- Department of Oral Disease Research, Geroscience Research Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Yamada
- Department of Oral Disease Research, Geroscience Research Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan
| | - Yosuke Shikama
- Department of Oral Disease Research, Geroscience Research Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsushita
- Department of Oral Disease Research, Geroscience Research Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan
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14
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Radwan Y, Arafa KK, Ghoniem MG, Al-Farraj ES, El-Sherbiny IM. An in-vitro quantitative investigation on the synergistic effect of capsaicin and 5-fluorouracil encapsulated into lipid nanocapsules to treat breast cancer. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2023; 49:271-280. [PMID: 37067846 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2023.2203252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer conventional therapeutics are effective; however, they encounter some limitations including multidrug resistance, the presence of pharmacological barriers and non-selectivity which hinder their optimal therapeutic efficacy. Aim: Overcoming such drawbacks necessitates the development of efficient drug vehicles including lipid-based nanoparticles. This study aimed to quantitatively investigate in-vitro the synergistic therapeutic effect of the novel combination of capsaicin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) encapsulated in lipid nanocapsules (LNCs). Method: To this end, thorough physicochemical and in-vitro assessments on breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) were done. The drugs-loaded LNCs were characterized using DLS, TEM imaging, stability study, and in-vitro release study. Results: The developed nanoformulations were monodisperse with average particle size (PS) of 31, 43.8 and 127.3 nm for empty LNCs, Cap-LNCs, and 5-FU-LNCs, respectively, and with a surface charge of -35.4, -21.7 and -31.4 mV, respectively, reflecting good physical stability. The TEM micrographs revealed the spherical morphology of the drugs-loaded LNCs with comparable PS to that obtained by DLS. Furthermore, the biological activity of the prepared LNCs were assessed through implementing comparative cytotoxicity studies as well as apoptosis, and cell cycle flow cytometric analyses. All biological assessments confirmed the superior antiproliferative effect of the combined drug-loaded LNCs over their free drugs counterparts. Conclusion: Intriguingly, the study findings highlighted the potential synergistic activity of the drugs (capsaicin and 5-FU) and the extensive enhancement of their biological activity through incorporation into LNCs. Promising results will pave the way to further assess the novel combined nanoformulation in preclinical and clinical studies on breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Radwan
- Nanomedicine Research Labs, Center for Materials Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, 12578, Giza, Egypt
| | - Kholoud K Arafa
- Nanomedicine Research Labs, Center for Materials Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, 12578, Giza, Egypt
| | - Monira G Ghoniem
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eida S Al-Farraj
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M El-Sherbiny
- Nanomedicine Research Labs, Center for Materials Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, 12578, Giza, Egypt
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15
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Mandal SK, Rath SK, Logesh R, Mishra SK, Devkota HP, Das N. Capsicum annuum L. and its bioactive constituents: A critical review of a traditional culinary spice in terms of its modern pharmacological potentials with toxicological issues. Phytother Res 2023; 37:965-1002. [PMID: 36255140 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Capsicum annuum L., commonly known as chili pepper, is used as an important spice globally and as a crude drug in many traditional medicine systems. The fruits of C. annuum have been used as a tonic, antiseptic, and stimulating agent, to treat dyspepsia, appetites, and flatulence, and to improve digestion and circulation. The article aims to critically review the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of C. annuum and its major compounds. Capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, and some carotenoids are reported as the major active compounds with several pharmacological potentials especially as anticancer and cardioprotectant. The anticancer effect of capsaicinoids is mainly mediated through mechanisms involving the interaction of Ca2+ -dependent activation of the MAPK pathway, suppression of NOX-dependent reactive oxygen species generation, and p53-mediated activation of mitochondrial apoptosis in cancer cells. Similarly, the cardioprotective effects of capsaicinoids are mediated through their interaction with cellular transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channel, and restoration of calcitonin gene-related peptide via Ca2+ -dependent release of neuropeptides and suppression of bradykinin. In conclusion, this comprehensive review presents detailed information about the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of major bioactive principles of C. annuum with special emphasis on anticancer, cardioprotective effects, and plausible toxic adversities along with food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Kumar Mandal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. B. C. Roy College of Pharmacy and AHS, Durgapur, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Rath
- School of Pharmaceuticals and Population Health Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun, India
| | - Rajan Logesh
- TIFAC CORE in Herbal Drugs, Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Rockland's, Ooty, India
| | | | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Niranjan Das
- Department of Chemistry, Ramthakur College, Agartala, India
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16
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Determination of the molecular structure and spectroscopic properties of capsaicin. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2023.110879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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17
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Yasin M, Li L, Donovan-Mak M, Chen ZH, Panchal SK. Capsicum Waste as a Sustainable Source of Capsaicinoids for Metabolic Diseases. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040907. [PMID: 36832982 PMCID: PMC9956217 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsaicinoids are pungent alkaloid compounds enriched with antioxidants, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, analgesics, anti-carcinogenic, anti-obesity and anti-diabetic properties. These compounds are primarily synthesised in the placenta of the fruit and then transported to other vegetative parts. Different varieties of capsicum and chillies contain different capsaicinoid concentrations. As capsicums and chillies are grown extensively throughout the world, their agricultural and horticultural production leads to significant amount of waste generation, in the form of fruits and plant biomass. Fruit wastes (placenta, seeds and unused fruits) and plant biowaste (stems and leaves) can serve as sources of capsaicinoids which can provide opportunities to extract these compounds for development of nutraceutical products using conventional or advanced extraction techniques. Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin are two most abundantly found pungent compounds. Considering the health benefits of capsaicinoids, these compounds can help in reducing metabolic disease complications. The development of an advanced encapsulation therapy of safe and clinically effective oral capsaicinoid/capsaicin formulation seem to require evaluation of strategies to address challenges related to the dosage, limited half-life and bioavailability, adverse effects and pungency, and the impacts of other ligands antagonising the major capsaicinoid receptor.
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18
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Hacioglu C, Kar F. Capsaicin induces redox imbalance and ferroptosis through ACSL4/GPx4 signaling pathways in U87-MG and U251 glioblastoma cells. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:393-408. [PMID: 35438378 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00983-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the deadliest malignant gliomas. Capsaicin is a homovanillic acid derivative that can show anti-cancer effects by regulating various signaling pathways. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of capsaicin on cell proliferation via ferroptosis in human U87-MG and U251 glioblastoma cells. Firstly, effects of capsaicin treatment on cell viability were determined by MTT analysis. Next, cellular-proliferation and cytotoxicity assays were determined by analyzing bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, respectively. Following, acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4 (ACSL4), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4), 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE), total oxidant status (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were determined by ELISA. Additionally, ACSL4 and GPx4 mRNA and protein levels were analyzed. Capsaicin showed a concentration-dependent anti-proliferative effects in U87-MG and U251 cells. Cell viability was decreased in the both cell lines treated with capsaicin concentrations above 50 μM, while LDH activity increased. Treatment of 121.6, 188.5, and 237.2 μM capsaicin concentrations for 24 h indicated an increase in ACSL4, 5-HETE, TOS and MDA levels in U87-MG and U251 cells (p < 0.05). On the other hand, we found that capsaicin administration caused a decrease in BrdU, GPx4, TAS and GSH levels in U87-MG and U251 cells (p < 0.05). Besides, ACSL4 mRNA and protein levels were increased in the glioblastoma cells treated with capsaicin, whereas GPx4 mRNA and protein levels were decreased. Finally, capsaicin might be used as a potential anticancer agent with ferroptosis-induced anti-proliferative effects in the treatment of human glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyhan Hacioglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Kar
- Kütahya Health Sciences University Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Kütahya, Turkey
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19
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Ye Y, Ma Y, Kong M, Wang Z, Sun K, Li F. Effects of Dietary Phytochemicals on DNA Damage in Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2023; 75:761-775. [PMID: 36562548 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2157024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing incidence of cancer worldwide, the prevention and treatment of cancer have garnered considerable scientific attention. Traditional chemotherapeutic drugs are highly toxic and associated with substantial side effects; therefore, there is an urgent need for developing new therapeutic agents. Dietary phytochemicals are important in tumor prevention and treatment because of their low toxicity and side effects at low concentrations; however, their exact mechanisms of action remain obscure. DNA damage is mainly caused by physical or chemical factors in the environment, such as ultraviolet light, alkylating agents and reactive oxygen species that cause changes in the DNA structure of cells. Several phytochemicals have been shown inhibit the occurrence and development of tumors by inducing DNA damage. This article reviews the advances in phytochemical research; particularly regarding the mechanisms related to DNA damage and provide a theoretical basis for future chemoprophylaxis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ye
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Mei Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Kang Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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20
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Woldemariam HW, Emire SA, Teshome PG, Töpfl S, Aganovic K. Microbial inactivation and quality impact assessment of red pepper paste treated by high pressure processing. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12441. [PMID: 36590575 PMCID: PMC9798180 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate inactivation of naturally occurring microorganisms and quality of red pepper paste treated by high pressure processing (HPP). Central composite rotatable design was employed to determine the impacts of pressure (100-600 MPa) and holding time (30-600 s). HPP at 527 MPa for 517 s reduced aerobic mesophilic bacteria count by 4.5 log CFU/g. Yeasts and molds counts were reduced to 1 log CFU/g at 600 MPa for 315 s. Total phenols, carotenoids and antioxidants activity ranged from 0.28 to 0.33 g GAE/100 g, 96.0-98.4 mg βc/100 g and 8.70-8.95 μmol TE/g, respectively. Increase (2.5-6.7%) in these variables was observed with increasing pressure and holding time. Total color difference (ΔE∗) values (0.2-2.8) were within the ranges of 'imperceptible' to 'noticeable'. Experimental results were fitted satisfactorily into quadratic model with higher R2 values (0.8619-0.9863). Optimization process suggested treatment of red pepper paste at 536 MPa for 125 s for maximum desirability (0.622). Validation experiments confirmed comparable percentage of relative errors. Overall, this technique could be considered as an efficient treatment for the inactivation of microorganisms that naturally occur in red pepper paste with minimal changes in its characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henock Woldemichael Woldemariam
- Food Engineering Graduate Program, School of Chemical and Bioengineering, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Food Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Shimelis Admassu Emire
- Food Engineering Graduate Program, School of Chemical and Bioengineering, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Paulos Getachew Teshome
- Center for Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Stefan Töpfl
- Osnabrueck University of Applied Sciences, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Kemal Aganovic
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Quakenbrueck, Germany
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21
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Merritt JC, Richbart SD, Moles EG, Cox AJ, Brown KC, Miles SL, Finch PT, Hess JA, Tirona MT, Valentovic MA, Dasgupta P. Anti-cancer activity of sustained release capsaicin formulations. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 238:108177. [PMID: 35351463 PMCID: PMC9510151 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Capsaicin (trans-8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-noneamide) is a hydrophobic, lipophilic vanilloid phytochemical abundantly found in chili peppers and pepper extracts. Several convergent studies show that capsaicin displays robust cancer activity, suppressing the growth, angiogenesis and metastasis of several human cancers. Despite its potent cancer-suppressing activity, the clinical applications of capsaicin as a viable anti-cancer drug have remained problematic due to its poor bioavailability and aqueous solubility properties. In addition, the administration of capsaicin is associated with adverse side effects like gastrointestinal cramps, stomach pain, nausea and diarrhea and vomiting. All these hurdles may be circumvented by encapsulation of capsaicin in sustained release drug delivery systems. Most of the capsaicin-based the sustained release drugs have been tested for their pain-relieving activity. Only a few of these formulations have been investigated as anti-cancer agents. The present review describes the physicochemical properties, bioavailability, and anti-cancer activity of capsaicin-sustained release agents. The asset of such continuous release capsaicin formulations is that they display better solubility, stability, bioavailability, and growth-suppressive activity than the free drug. The encapsulation of capsaicin in sustained release carriers minimizes the adverse side effects of capsaicin. In summary, these capsaicin-based sustained release drug delivery systems have the potential to function as novel chemotherapies, unique diagnostic imaging probes and innovative chemosensitization agents in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Merritt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Stephen D Richbart
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Emily G Moles
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Ashley J Cox
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Kathleen C Brown
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Sarah L Miles
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Paul T Finch
- Department of Oncology, Edwards Cancer Center, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1400 Hal Greer Boulevard, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Joshua A Hess
- Department of Oncology, Edwards Cancer Center, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1400 Hal Greer Boulevard, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Maria T Tirona
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Edwards Cancer Center, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1400 Hal Greer Boulevard, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Monica A Valentovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Piyali Dasgupta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States.
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22
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Lin Z, Sui X, Jiao W, Chen C, Zhang X, Zhao J. Mechanism investigation and experiment validation of capsaicin on uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:953874. [PMID: 36210802 PMCID: PMC9532580 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.953874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Using bioinformatics analysis and experimental operations, we intend to analyze the potential mechanism of action of capsaicin target gene GATA1 in the treatment of uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) and develop a prognostic model for the disease to validate this model. Methods: By obtaining capsaicin and UCEC-related DR-DEGs, the prognosis-related gene GATA1 was screened. The survival analysis was conducted via establishing high and low expression groups of GATA1. Whether the GATA1 could be an independent prognostic factor for UCEC, it was also validated. The therapeutic mechanism of capsaicin-related genes in UCEC was further investigated using enrichment analysis and immune methods as well as in combination with single-cell sequencing data. Finally, it was validated by cell experiments. Results: GATA1, a high-risk gene associated with prognosis, was obtained by screening. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the survival of the high expression group was lower than that of low expression group. ROC curves showed that the prediction effect of the model was good and stable (1-year area under curve (AUC): 0.601; 2-years AUC: 0.575; 3-years AUC: 0.610). Independent prognosis analysis showed that the GATA1 can serve as an independent prognostic factor for UCEC. Enrichment analysis showed that “neuroactive Ligand - receptor interaction and TYPE I DIABETES MELLITUS” had a significant enrichment effect. Single-cell sequencing showed that the GATA1 was significantly expressed in mast cells. Cell experiments showed that the capsaicin significantly reduced the UCEC cell activity and migration ability, as well as inhibited the expression of GATA1. Conclusion: This study suggests that the capsaicin has potential value and application prospect in the treatment of UCEC. It provides new genetic markers for the prognosis of UCEC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Lin
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohui Sui
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjian Jiao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Obstetrics Department of Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Junde Zhao, ; Xiaodan Zhang,
| | - Junde Zhao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong University Cheeloo College of Medicine Laboratory of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Junde Zhao, ; Xiaodan Zhang,
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23
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Fernández-Carvajal A, Fernández-Ballester G, Ferrer-Montiel A. TRPV1 in chronic pruritus and pain: Soft modulation as a therapeutic strategy. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:930964. [PMID: 36117910 PMCID: PMC9478410 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.930964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain and pruritus are highly disabling pathologies that still lack appropriate therapeutic intervention. At cellular level the transduction and transmission of pain and pruritogenic signals are closely intertwined, negatively modulating each other. The molecular and cellular pathways involved are multifactorial and complex, including peripheral and central components. Peripherally, pain and itch are produced by subpopulations of specialized nociceptors that recognize and transduce algesic and pruritogenic signals. Although still under intense investigation, cumulative evidence is pointing to the thermosensory channel TRPV1 as a hub for a large number of pro-algesic and itchy agents. TRPV1 appears metabolically coupled to most neural receptors that recognize algesic and pruritic molecules. Thus, targeting TRPV1 function appears as a valuable and reasonable therapeutic strategy. In support of this tenet, capsaicin, a desensitizing TRPV1 agonist, has been shown to exhibit clinically relevant analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-pruritic activities. However, potent TRPV1 antagonists have been questioned due to an hyperthermic secondary effect that prevented their clinical development. Thus, softer strategies directed to modulate peripheral TRPV1 function appear warranted to alleviate chronic pain and itch. In this regard, soft, deactivatable TRPV1 antagonists for topical or local application appear as an innovative approach for improving the distressing painful and itchy symptoms of patients suffering chronic pain or pruritus. Here, we review the data on these compounds and propose that this strategy could be used to target other peripheral therapeutic targets.
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24
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Waqas M, Ahmed D, Qamar MT. Surfactant-mediated extraction of capsaicin from Capsicum annuum L. fruit in various solvents. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10273. [PMID: 36033307 PMCID: PMC9403339 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin is a valuable compound found in Capsicum annuum. The present study aimed to explore the efficiency of different solvents and surfactants on its extraction by maceration. Ethyl acetate was found to be the best solvent followed by dichloromethane and acetone, respectively. Overall order of efficiency of the solvents used was this: ethyl acetate > dichloromethane > acetone > glycerol > acetonitrile > methanol > acetic acid > toluene. Extractability of ethyl acetate for capsaicin remained unaffected by the surfactants. Tween-80 had very positive effect on the extraction efficiency of dichloromethane (DCM) and acetone. Kinetics of the extraction with the most efficient solvent ethyl acetate showed extraction of capsaicin to follow a pseudo-second order kinetic model. In conclusion, for extraction of capsaicin from green chili, ethyl acetate was the most powerful amongst the solvents used in the present work and tween-80 had a notable positive effect on the efficiency of DCM and acetone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Dildar Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Qamar
- Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
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25
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Liu XY, Wei DG, Li RS. Capsaicin induces ferroptosis of NSCLC by regulating SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling in vitro. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11996. [PMID: 35835852 PMCID: PMC9283462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16372-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
NSCLC is the first cause of cancer-related deaths in China and threatens life expectancy of the people. Novel drugs and treatment strategies are urgently required. Capsaicin is noticed as a potential new drug for lots of tumors due to its anti-proliferative effect on cancer cells. Our study evaluated the roles of capsaicin in NSCLC cells (A549 and NCI-H23) and further explored its underlying mechanisms. Effect of capsaicin treatment on cell viability was determined by MTT assay and IC50 values for A549 and NCI-H23 cells were ascertained. The iron kit detected the total iron levels and the ferric divalent ions levels in A549 and NCI-H23 cells. GSH kit was used to detect the expression of GSH in A549 and NCI-H23 cells. Additionally, mRNA and protein levels of SLC7A11 and GPX4 were analyzed by real-time PCR and western blot analysis. Through MTT assay, we found that 200 μM capsaicin in cultured A549 cells for 48 h could reach the IC50 value, and the condition was 100 μM and 48 h for NCI-H23 cells. Capsaicin increased total iron levels and ferrous ion levels in A549 and NCI-H23 cells in contrast with the control group, whereas the levels of GSH was reduced in contrast with the control group. Besides, mRNA and protein levels of SLC7A11 and GPX4 were decreased significantly in A549 and NCI-H23 cells treated with capsaicin in contrast with the control group. Our study indicated that capsaicin inhibited the proliferation of A549 and NCI-H23 cells and induced ferroptosis by inactivating SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling. Capsaicin could be used as a potential anticancer agent in the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, 030012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dong-Guang Wei
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, 030012, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Shan Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, 030012, People's Republic of China
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26
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Adetunji TL, Olawale F, Olisah C, Adetunji AE, Aremu AO. Capsaicin: A Two-Decade Systematic Review of Global Research Output and Recent Advances Against Human Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:908487. [PMID: 35912207 PMCID: PMC9326111 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.908487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) is one of the most important natural products in the genus Capsicum. Due to its numerous biological effects, there has been extensive and increasing research interest in capsaicin, resulting in increased scientific publications in recent years. Therefore, an in-depth bibliometric analysis of published literature on capsaicin from 2001 to 2021 was performed to assess the global research status, thematic and emerging areas, and potential insights into future research. Furthermore, recent research advances of capsaicin and its combination therapy on human cancer as well as their potential mechanisms of action were described. In the last two decades, research outputs on capsaicin have increased by an estimated 18% per year and were dominated by research articles at 93% of the 3753 assessed literature. In addition, anti-cancer/pharmacokinetics, cytotoxicity, in vivo neurological and pain research studies were the keyword clusters generated and designated as thematic domains for capsaicin research. It was evident that the United States, China, and Japan accounted for about 42% of 3753 publications that met the inclusion criteria. Also, visibly dominant collaboration nodes and networks with most of the other identified countries were established. Assessment of the eligible literature revealed that the potential of capsaicin for mitigating cancer mainly entailed its chemo-preventive effects, which were often linked to its ability to exert multi-biological effects such as anti-mutagenic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, clinical studies were limited, which may be related to some of the inherent challenges associated with capsaicin in the limited clinical trials. This review presents a novel approach to visualizing information about capsaicin research and a comprehensive perspective on the therapeutic significance and applications of capsaicin in the treatment of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomi Lois Adetunji
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Femi Olawale
- Nano-Gene and Drug Delivery Group, Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Chijioke Olisah
- Department of Botany and Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | | | - Adeyemi Oladapo Aremu
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
- School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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27
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Toukan N, Kulnik ST, Lewko A, ElShaer A. Therapeutic applications of capsaicin in humans to target conditions of the respiratory system: A scoping review. Respir Med 2022; 194:106772. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2022.106772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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28
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Szallasi A. Capsaicin and cancer: Guilty as charged or innocent until proven guilty? Temperature (Austin) 2022; 10:35-49. [PMID: 37187832 PMCID: PMC10177684 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2021.2017735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With an estimated 2 billion chili pepper connoisseurs worldwide, the human exposure to capsaicin is enormous. Therefore, the question whether nutritional capsaicin is a cancer causing or cancer preventive agent is of utmost importance. The gamut of human epidemiology studies suggests that capsaicin in modest, "restaurant-like" doses is not only safe to eat, but it may even provide health benefits, such as lower cancer-related death rate. Very "hot" food is, however, probably better avoided. Importantly, no increased cancer risk was reported in patients following topical (skin or intravesical) capsaicin therapy. Aberrant capsaicin receptor TRPV1 expression was noted in various cancers with potential implications for cancer therapy, diagnosis and prognostication. Indeed, capsaicin can kill cancer cells by a combination of on- and off-target mechanisms, though it remains unclear if this can be exploited for therapeutic purposes. The literature on capsaicin and cancer is vast and controversial. This review aims to find answers to questions that are relevant for our daily life and medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpad Szallasi
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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29
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Panpetch W, Visitchanakun P, Saisorn W, Sawatpanich A, Chatthanathon P, Somboonna N, Tumwasorn S, Leelahavanichkul A. Lactobacillus rhamnosus attenuates Thai chili extracts induced gut inflammation and dysbiosis despite capsaicin bactericidal effect against the probiotics, a possible toxicity of high dose capsaicin. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261189. [PMID: 34941893 PMCID: PMC8699716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of a possible impact of capsaicin in the high concentrations on enterocyte injury (cytotoxicity) and bactericidal activity on probiotics, Lactobacillus rhamnosus L34 (L34) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), the probiotics derived from Thai and Caucasian population, respectively, were tested in the chili-extract administered C57BL/6 mice and in vitro experiments. In comparison with placebo, 2 weeks administration of the extract from Thai chili in mice caused loose feces and induced intestinal permeability defect as indicated by FITC-dextran assay and the reduction in tight junction molecules (occludin and zona occludens-1) using fluorescent staining and gene expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Additionally, the chili extracts also induced the translocation of gut pathogen molecules; lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and (1→3)-β-d-glucan (BG) and fecal dysbiosis (microbiome analysis), including reduced Firmicutes, increased Bacteroides, and enhanced total Gram-negative bacteria in feces. Both L34 and LGG attenuated gut barrier defect (FITC-dextran, the fluorescent staining and gene expression of tight junction molecules) but not improved fecal consistency. Additionally, high concentrations of capsaicin (0.02-2 mM) damage enterocytes (Caco-2 and HT-29) as indicated by cell viability test, supernatant cytokine (IL-8), transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and transepithelial FITC-dextran (4.4 kDa) but were attenuated by Lactobacillus condition media (LCM) from both probiotic-strains. The 24 h incubation with 2 mM capsaicin (but not the lower concentrations) reduced the abundance of LGG (but not L34) implying a higher capsaicin tolerance of L34. However, Lactobacillus rhamnosus fecal abundance, using qRT-PCR, of L34 or LGG after 3, 7, and 20 days of the administration in the Thai healthy volunteers demonstrated the similarity between both strains. In conclusion, high dose chili extracts impaired gut permeability and induced gut dysbiosis but were attenuated by probiotics. Despite a better capsaicin tolerance of L34 compared with LGG in vitro, L34 abundance in feces was not different to LGG in the healthy volunteers. More studies on probiotics with a higher intake of chili in human are interesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wimonrat Panpetch
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (TRIRU), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Peerapat Visitchanakun
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (TRIRU), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wilasinee Saisorn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (TRIRU), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ajcharaporn Sawatpanich
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piraya Chatthanathon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Naraporn Somboonna
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Microbiome Research Unit for Probiotics in Food and Cosmetics, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somying Tumwasorn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail: (AL); (ST)
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (TRIRU), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail: (AL); (ST)
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30
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Hacioglu C. Capsaicin inhibits cell proliferation by enhancing oxidative stress and apoptosis through SIRT1/NOX4 signaling pathways in HepG2 and HL-7702 cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 36:e22974. [PMID: 34939720 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Capsaicin could suppress the proliferation of cancer cells and inhibit many biochemical pathways associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis. This study investigates the effects of capsaicin in both hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and normal hepatocytes (HL-7702) via the SIRT1/NOX4 signaling pathway. After determination of cytotoxic concentrations of capsaicin on HL-7702 and HepG2 cells, we measured total oxidant status (TOS), reduced glutathione (GSH), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), cytochrome c (CYC), caspase3 (CASP3), Bcl-2, Bax, sirtuin1 (SIRT1), and NADPH oxidases4 (NOX4) levels. Besides this, we analyzed the messenger RNA and protein levels of SIRT1 and NOX4. We found that capsaicin increased TOS, 8-OHdG, CASP3, CYC, Bax, and NOX4 levels, and decreased Bcl-2, GSH, and SIRT1 in a concentration-dependent manner in HepG2 cells. However, especially low capsaicin concentration (128.75 µM) enhanced GSH and SIRT levels and reduced TOS, CASP3, CYC, 8-OHdG, and NOX4 levels in HL-7702 cells (p < 0.05). Interestingly, 128.75 and 172.8 µM capsaicin treatment increased SIRT1 expression levels in HL-7702 cells, resulting in an increase in GSH levels and a decrease in TOS, CYC, CAPS3, and 8-OHdG levels through NOX4 inhibition. Furthermore, we demonstrated a significant decrease in SIRT1 protein levels and an increase in NOX4 protein levels and caspase-3/-7 activities in both HL-7702 and HepG2 cells treated with 261.5 µM capsaicin. Additionally, morphological changes in HL-7702 and HepG2 cells treated with capsaicin correlated with the enhancement in oxidative burden, DNA damage, and apoptosis. Our results show that capsaicin effectively might cause higher oxidative, apoptotic, and DNA damage in HepG2 cells than in HL-7702 cells through the SIRT1/NOX4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyhan Hacioglu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
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31
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Bhandari S, Gogoi R, Begum T, Baruah J, Lal M. Evaluation of ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (uHPLC) assisted capsaicinoids content in four different extracts of ( Capsicum chinense Jacq.): their pharmacological potentials and genotoxicity study. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:5638-5642. [PMID: 34937448 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.2019735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study determined the capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin and nordihydrocapsaicin of Capsicum chinense Jacq., ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile and dry acetone extracts using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (uHPLC) technique. Highest capsaicin (2.84%) and nordihydrocapsaicin (0.56%) content was recorded in ethanol extract, while methanol extracts constituted highest dihydrocapsaicin (1.27%). Strong anti-inflammatory activity was shown by ethanol extract. All the extracts were found to be weak anti-diabetic, skin whitening and neurodegenerative agent. In genotoxicity test, ethanol extract showed mitotic index (MI) of 13.16% which was close to distilled water 25.72%. The chromosomal aberration of 8.0% was shown by ethanolic extract. The mitotic index value and chromosome aberration percentages of all the four extracts were similar but far from positive mutagenic agent ethyl methane sulfonate. Ethanol extract proved to be the best solvent for capsaicinoids extraction in comparison to the other three solvents and emerged as a potential pharmacological candidate having excellent anti-inflammatory ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Bhandari
- Agro-Technology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, India.,AcSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, UP 201002 India
| | - Roktim Gogoi
- Agro-Technology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, India.,AcSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, UP 201002 India
| | - Twahira Begum
- Agro-Technology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, India.,AcSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, UP 201002 India
| | - Joyashree Baruah
- Agro-Technology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, India.,AcSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, UP 201002 India
| | - Mohan Lal
- Agro-Technology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, India.,AcSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, UP 201002 India
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32
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Kreidl M, Rainer M, Bonn GK, Oberacher H. Electrochemical Simulation of the Oxidative Capsaicin Metabolism. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:2522-2533. [PMID: 34879203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Capsaicin, primarily known as the pungent ingredient in hot peppers, is rapidly metabolized in the human body by enzymatic processes altering the pharmacological as well as toxicological properties. Herein, the oxidative transformation of capsaicin was investigated in vitro with electrochemistry as well as human liver microsomal incubations. The reaction mixtures were analyzed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Structure elucidation involved accurate mass measurements and multistage tandem mass spectrometry experiments. In total, 126 transformation products were detected. Electrochemistry provided evidence for 101 transformation products and the microsomal incubations for 46 species. 21 compounds were observed with both approaches. Identified oxidative pathways likely occurring during the phase I metabolism included dehydrogenation, O-demethylation, and hydroxylation reactions as well as combinations thereof. Furthermore, trapping of reactive intermediates either with glutathione or with electrochemically activated ribonucleosides provided evidence for the possible production of phase II metabolites and covalent adducts with a genetic material. Evidence for the occurrence of some capsaicin metabolites in humans was obtained by urine screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Kreidl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Rainer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günther K Bonn
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,ADSI-Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbH, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 66a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Oberacher
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Muellerstrasse 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Al-Samydai A, Alshaer W, Al-Dujaili EAS, Azzam H, Aburjai T. Preparation, Characterization, and Anticancer Effects of Capsaicin-Loaded Nanoliposomes. Nutrients 2021; 13:3995. [PMID: 34836251 PMCID: PMC8620281 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicinal plants have proven their value as a source of molecules with therapeutic potential, and recent studies have shown that capsaicin has profound anticancer effects in several types of human cancers. However, its clinical use is handicapped due to its poor pharmacokinetics. This study aims to enhance capsaicin's pharmacokinetic properties by loading the molecule into nanoliposomes model and testing its anticancer activity. METHODS Nanoliposomes were prepared using the thin-film method, and characteristics were examined followed by qualitative and quantitative analyses of encapsulation efficiency and drug loading using HPLC at different lipid/capsaicin ratios. Cell viability assay (MTT) was used to determine IC50. RESULTS Capsaicin-loaded nanoliposomes showed optimum characteristics of morphology, particle size, zeta potential, and stability. In vitro anticancer activity of capsaicin and capsaicin-loaded nanoliposomes were compared against MCF7, MDA-MB-231, K562, PANC1, and A375 cell lines. Capsaicin-loaded nanoliposomes showed significant improvement in anticancer activity against cancers cell lines studied (p < 0.001), with increased selectivity against cancer cells compared to capsaicin. CONCLUSION The encapsulated capsaicin nanoliposomes produced an improvement in pharmacokinetics properties, enhancing the anticancer activity and selectivity compared with capsaicin. This model seems to offer a potential for developing capsaicin formulations for the prevention and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al-Samydai
- Diagnostic Research Centre, Department Pharmacological, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan;
| | - Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Emad A. S. Al-Dujaili
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Hanan Azzam
- Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research (HMCSR), University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Talal Aburjai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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Cytotoxic effect of Aeruginosin-865, capsaicin, and resveratrol on mouse cell lines of different origin. ACTA VET BRNO 2021. [DOI: 10.2754/avb202190030307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the effects of three natural bioactive compounds (and their combinations) on normal vs. tumour-transformed mouse cells. The cytotoxic effect of Aeruginosin-865 (Aer), capsaicin (Cap), resveratrol (Res) and their combinations was evaluated on normal hepatocytes (AML) and tumour cells derived from livers (Hepa) and kidneys (Renca). Various concentrations from 25 to 200 μM of tested substances were used. Only the Aer + Res combination and a low concentration of Res had a significant cytotoxic effect on Hepa and Renca and no significant cytotoxic effect on AML. Cap had a significant cytotoxic effect on all tested cell lines, but tumour-derived cells showed higher resistance than AML. A significantly increased cytotoxicity was found in the combination of Cap + Res compared to each substance alone. All types of cells showed similar sensitivity to the cytotoxic effect of Cap + Res. Because of a possible hepatotoxic effect, we recommend further investigations into side-effects of Cap + Res. No cytotoxic effect was described in Cap + Aer or in Aer alone. Only substances with a significant cytotoxic effect on tumour cells and no cytotoxic effect on normal cells can be potentially used in anticancer treatment. According to the results, only Res or the combination of Aer + Res can be recommended for further evaluation in the process of new anticancer drug development. The potential hepatotoxic effect of Cap + Res can significantly limit the utilisation of these substances in anticancer treatment.
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Dias MS, Junior EPV, Santos BCD, Martins FA, Almeida PMDE, Peron AP. Cytogenotoxicity and protective effect of piperine and capsaicin on meristematic cells of Allium cepa L. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20201772. [PMID: 34550203 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120201772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Piperine and capsaicin are important molecules with biological and pharmacological activities. This study aimed to evaluate the cytogenotoxic and protective effect of piperine and capsaicin on Allium cepa cells. A. cepa roots were exposed to negative (2% Dimethylsulfoxide) and positive (Methylmethanesulfonate, MMS, 10 µg/mL) controls, and four concentrations (25-200 µM) of piperine or capsaicin (alone) or associated before, simultaneously or after with the MMS. Only the lowest concentration of piperine (25 µM) showed a protective effect because it was not genotoxic. Piperine and capsaicin were cytotoxic (50, 100 and 200 µM). Piperine (50 to 200 µM) caused a significant increase in the total average of chromosomal alterations of in A. cepa cells. For capsaicin, the genotoxic effect was dose-dependent with a significant increase for all concentrations, highlighting the significant presence of micronuclei and nuclear buds for the two isolates. In general, bioactive compounds reduced the total average of chromosomal alterations against damage caused by MMS, mainly micronuclei and/or nuclear buds. Therefore, the two molecules were cytotoxic and genotoxic at the highest concentrations, and did not have cytoprotective action, and the lowest concentration of piperine demonstrated important chemopreventive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcondes S Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, Universidade Federal do Piauí /UFPI, Laboratório de Genética, Ininga, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Erasmo P V Junior
- Universidade Estadual do Piauí, Centro de Ciências Naturais (CCN), Laboratório de Genética, Rua João Cabral, 2231, 64002-150 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Bianca C Dos Santos
- Universidade Estadual do Piauí, Centro de Ciências Naturais (CCN), Laboratório de Genética, Rua João Cabral, 2231, 64002-150 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Francielle A Martins
- Universidade Estadual do Piauí, Centro de Ciências Naturais (CCN), Laboratório de Genética, Rua João Cabral, 2231, 64002-150 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Pedro M DE Almeida
- Universidade Estadual do Piauí, Centro de Ciências Naturais (CCN), Laboratório de Genética, Rua João Cabral, 2231, 64002-150 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Ana P Peron
- Universidade Federal de Tecnologia, Paraná /UTFPR, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Campus Campo Mourão, Via Rosalina Maria dos Santos, 1233, Caixa Postal 271, 87301-899 Campo Mourão, PR, Brazil
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The Bioaccessibility of Phenolics, Flavonoids, Carotenoids, and Capsaicinoid Compounds: A Comparative Study of Cooked Potato Cultivars Mixed with Roasted Pepper Varieties. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081849. [PMID: 34441626 PMCID: PMC8391173 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An in vitro method was used to assess the bioaccessibility of phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, and capsaicinoid compounds in different cooked potatoes mixed with roasted peppers (Capsicum annuum), Joe Parker (JP, hot), and Sweet Delilah (SD, sweet). The present study identified differences in the bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds among the potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum) Purple Majesty (PM; purple flesh), Yukon Gold (YG; yellow flesh), Rio Grande Russet (RG; white flesh) and a numbered selection (CO 97226-2R/R (R/R; red flesh)). The bioactive compounds and capsaicinoid compounds in potatoes and peppers were estimated before and after in vitro digestion. Before digestion, the total phenolic content of potato cultivars mixed with JP was in the following order: R/R > PM > YG > RG. The highest levels of carotenoids were 194.34 µg/g in YG and 42.92 µg/g in the RG cultivar when mixed with roasted JP. The results indicate that the amount of bioaccessible phenolics ranged from 485 to 252 µg/g in potato cultivars mixed with roasted JP. The bioaccessibility of flavonoids ranged from 185.1 to 59.25 µg/g. The results indicate that the YG cultivar mixed with JP and SD showed the highest phenolic and carotenoid bioaccessibility. In contrast, the PM mixed with JP and SD contained the lowest phenolic and carotenoid bioaccessibility. Our results indicate that the highest flavonoid bioaccessibility occurred in R/R mixed with roasted JP and SD. The lowest flavonoids bioaccessibility occurred in PM and the RG. The maximum bioaccessible amount of capsaicin was observed in YG mixed with JP, while the minimum bioaccessibility was observed with PM.
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Tagde P, Tagde P, Tagde S, Bhattacharya T, Garg V, Akter R, Rahman MH, Najda A, Albadrani GM, Sayed AA, Akhtar MF, Saleem A, Altyar AE, Kaushik D, Abdel-Daim MM. Natural bioactive molecules: An alternative approach to the treatment and control of glioblastoma multiforme. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111928. [PMID: 34323701 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is one of the most deadly malignant tumors, with more than 10,000 cases recorded annually in the United States. Various clinical analyses and studies show that certain chronic diseases, including cancer, interact between cell-reactive radicals rise and pathogenesis. Reactive oxygen and nitrogenous sources include endogenous (physiological processes), and exogenous sources contain reactive oxygen and nitrogen (xenobiotic interaction). The cellular oxidation/reduction shifts to oxidative stress when the regulation mechanisms of antioxidants are surpassed, and this raises the ability to damage cellular lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. OBJECTIVE: This review is focused on how phytochemicals play crucial role against glioblastoma multiforme and to combat these, bioactive molecules and their derivatives are either used alone, in combination with anticancer drugs or as nanomedicine formulations for better cancer theranostics over the conventional approach. CONCLUSION: Bioactive molecules found in seeds, vegetables, and fruits have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties that may help cancer survivors feel better throughout chemotherapy or treatment. However, incorporating them into the nanocarrier-based drug delivery for the treatment of GBMs, which could be a promising therapeutic strategy for this tumor entity, increasing targeting effectiveness, increasing bioavailability, and reducing side effects with this target-specificity, drug internalization into cells is significantly improved, and off-target organ aggregation is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Tagde
- Bhabha Pharmacy Research Institute, Bhabha University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India; PRISAL Foundation (Pharmaceutical Royal International Society), India.
| | - Pooja Tagde
- Practice of Medicine Department, Govt. Homeopathy College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Tagde
- PRISAL Foundation (Pharmaceutical Royal International Society), India
| | - Tanima Bhattacharya
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China; Department of Science & Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
| | - Vishal Garg
- Jaipur School of Pharmacy, Maharaj Vinayak Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rokeya Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Sadarghat, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh; Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Gangwon-do, Wonju 26426, South Korea
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Gangwon-do, Wonju 26426, South Korea; Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh.
| | - Agnieszka Najda
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh.
| | - Ghadeer M Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany A Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed E Altyar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deepak Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
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CALEB J, ALSHANA U, HANOĞLU A, ÇALIŞ İ. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the isolation and HPLC-DAD determination of three major capsaicinoids in Capsicum annuum L. Turk J Chem 2021; 45:420-429. [PMID: 34121847 PMCID: PMC8169509 DOI: 10.3906/kim-2009-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) for the extraction and quantitation of three major capsaicinoids (i.e. capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin and nordihydrocapsaicin) from pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Chloroform (extraction solvent, 100 μL), acetonitrile (disperser solvent, 1250 μL) and 30 s extraction time were found optimum. The analytes were back-extracted into 300 μL of 50 mM sodium hydroxide/ methanol, 45/55% (v/v), within 15 s before being injected into the instrument. Enrichment factors ranged from 3.3 to 14.7 and limits of detection from 5.0 to 15.0 µg g-1. Coefficients of determination (R2) and %RSD were higher than 0.9962 and lower than 7.5%, respectively. The proposed method was efficiently applied for the extraction and quantitation of the three capsaicinoids in six cultivars of Capsicum annuum L. with percentage relative recoveries in the range of 92.0%-108.0%. DLLME was also scaled up for the isolation of the three major capsaicinoids providing purity greater than 98.0% as confirmed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, which significantly reduced the extraction time and organic solvent consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude CALEB
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Lefkoşa, TRNC, Mersin 10Turkey
| | - Usama ALSHANA
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Lefkoşa, TRNC, Mersin 10Turkey
| | - Azmi HANOĞLU
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Lefkoşa, TRNC, Mersin 10Turkey
| | - İhsan ÇALIŞ
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Lefkoşa, TRNC, Mersin 10Turkey
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Peppers: A "Hot" Natural Source for Antitumor Compounds. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061521. [PMID: 33802144 PMCID: PMC8002096 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Piper, Capsicum, and Pimenta are the main genera of peppers consumed worldwide. The traditional use of peppers by either ancient civilizations or modern societies has raised interest in their biological applications, including cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects. Cellular responses upon treatment with isolated pepper-derived compounds involve mechanisms of cell death, especially through proapoptotic stimuli in tumorigenic cells. In this review, we highlight naturally occurring secondary metabolites of peppers with cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines. Available mechanisms of cell death, as well as the development of analogues, are also discussed.
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Kunjiappan S, Sankaranarayanan M, Karan Kumar B, Pavadai P, Babkiewicz E, Maszczyk P, Glodkowska-Mrowka E, Arunachalam S, Ram Kumar Pandian S, Ravishankar V, Baskararaj S, Vellaichamy S, Arulmani L, Panneerselvam T. Capsaicin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: design, biodistribution, in silico modeling and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:095101. [PMID: 33113518 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abc57e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lower doses of capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) have the potential to serve as an anticancer drug, however, due to its pungency, irritant effect, poor water solubility and high distribution volume often linked to various off-target effects, its therapeutic use is limited. This study aimed to determine the biodistribution and anticancer efficacy of capsaicin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) in human hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro. In this study, SLNs of stearic acid loaded with capsaicin was formulated by the solvent evaporation-emulsification technique and were instantly characterized for their encapsulation efficiency, morphology, loading capacity, stability, particle size, charge and in vitro drug release profile. Synthesized SLNs were predominantly spherical, 80 nm diameter particles that proved to be biocompatible with good stability in aqueous conditions. In vivo biodistribution studies of the formulated SLNs showed that 48 h after injection in the lateral tail vein, up to 15% of the cells in the liver, 1.04% of the cells in the spleen, 3.05% of the cells in the kidneys, 3.76% of the cells in the heart, 1.31% of the cells in the lungs and 0% of the cells in the brain of rats were determined. Molecular docking studies against the identified targets in HepG2 cells showed that the capsaicin is able to bind Abelson tyrosine-protein kinase, c-Src kinase, p38 MAP kinase and VEGF-receptor. Molecular dynamic simulation showed that capsaicin-VEGF receptor complex is highly stable at 50 nano seconds. The IC50 of capsaicin loaded SLNs in HepG2 cells in vitro was 21.36 μg × ml-1. These findings suggest that capsaicin loaded SLNs are stable in circulation for a period up to 3 d, providing a controlled release of loaded capsaicin and enhanced anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil-626126, India
| | - Murugesan Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani-333031, India
| | - Banoth Karan Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani-333031, India
| | - Parasuraman Pavadai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, M S R Nagar, Bengaluru-560054, India
| | - Ewa Babkiewicz
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw at Biology & Chemistry Research Center, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Maszczyk
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw at Biology & Chemistry Research Center, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eliza Glodkowska-Mrowka
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Indira Gandhi St. 14, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sankarganesh Arunachalam
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil-626126, India
| | | | | | - Suraj Baskararaj
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil-626126, India
| | - Sivakumar Vellaichamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Arulmigu Kalasalingam College of Pharmacy, Krishnankoil-626126, India
| | - Lalitha Arulmani
- Senior Scientist, Virtis Biolabs, Pvt., Ltd, Kannankurichi, Salem-636008, India
| | - Theivendren Panneerselvam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Swamy Vivekananda College of Pharmacy, Elayampalayam, Namakkal-637205, India
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Aguiar AC, Paula JT, Mundo JLM, Martínez J, McClements DJ. Influence of type of natural emulsifier and microfluidization conditions on Capsicum oleoresin nanoemulsions properties and stability. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Aguiar
- Department of Food Engineering College of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Julia Teixeira Paula
- Department of Food Engineering Institute of Exact and Earth Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso Barra do Garças Mato Grosso Brazil
| | | | - Julian Martínez
- Department of Food Engineering College of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas São Paulo Brazil
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Richbart SD, Friedman JR, Brown KC, Gadepalli RS, Miles SL, Rimoldi JM, Rankin GO, Valentovic MA, Tirona MT, Finch PT, Hess JA, Dasgupta P. Nonpungent N-AVAM Capsaicin Analogues and Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1346-1361. [PMID: 33508189 PMCID: PMC10442063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Capsaicin displays robust growth-inhibitory activity in multiple human cancers. However, the feasibility of capsaicin as a clinically relevant anticancer drug is hampered by its adverse side effects. This concern has led to extensive research focused on the isolation and synthesis of second-generation nonpungent capsaicin analogues with potent antineoplastic activity. A major class of nonpungent capsaicin-like compounds belongs to the N-acyl-vanillylamide (N-AVAM) derivatives of capsaicin (hereafter referred as N-AVAM capsaicin analogues). This perspective discusses the isolation of N-AVAM capsaicin analogues from natural sources as well as their synthesis by chemical and enzymatic methods. The perspective describes the pharmacokinetic properties and anticancer activity of N-AVAM capsaicin analogues. The signaling pathways underlying the growth-inhibitory effects of N-AVAM capsaicin analogues have also been highlighted. It is hoped that the insights obtained in this perspective will facilitate the synthesis of a second generation of N-AVAM capsaicin analogues with improved stability and growth-suppressive activity in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Richbart
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 Third Avenue, Huntington, West Virginia 25755, United States
| | - Jamie R Friedman
- BioAgilytix Inc., 2300 Englert Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27713, United States
| | - Kathleen C Brown
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 Third Avenue, Huntington, West Virginia 25755, United States
| | - Rama S Gadepalli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Thad Cochran Research Center, University of Mississippi, University Avenue, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Sarah L Miles
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 Third Avenue, Huntington, West Virginia 25755, United States
| | - John M Rimoldi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Thad Cochran Research Center, University of Mississippi, University Avenue, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Gary O Rankin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 Third Avenue, Huntington, West Virginia 25755, United States
| | - Monica A Valentovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 Third Avenue, Huntington, West Virginia 25755, United States
| | - Maria T Tirona
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Edwards Cancer Center, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1400 Hal Greer Boulevard, Huntington, West Virginia 25755, United States
| | - Paul T Finch
- Department of Oncology, Edwards Cancer Center, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1400 Hal Greer Boulevard, Huntington, West Virginia 25755, United States
| | - Joshua A Hess
- Department of Oncology, Edwards Cancer Center, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1400 Hal Greer Boulevard, Huntington, West Virginia 25755, United States
| | - Piyali Dasgupta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 Third Avenue, Huntington, West Virginia 25755, United States
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Tung CL, Chen JC, Ko JC, Liu LL, Chien CC, Huang IH, Tsao YC, Cheng HH, Chen TY, Yen TC, Lin YW. Capsaicin Acts Through Reducing P38 MAPK-Dependent Thymidylate Synthase Expression to Enhance 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Cytotoxicity in Human Lung Cancer Cells. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x21993335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin, an ingredient of green and red bell peppers, shows anticancer activity in several malignant cell lines. Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a well-validated anticancer drug target in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. However, whether capsaicin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) induce synergistic cytotoxicity in NSCLC cells by regulating TS expression is unclear. This study investigated the cytotoxicity of capsaicin and 5-FU co-treatment on two hoursuman lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, H520 and H1703, and the underlying mechanisms. Capsaicin decreased TS expression in a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inactivation–dependent manner in H520 and H1703 cells. Enhancement of p38 MAPK activity by transfection with constitutive active mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase six vectors increased TS expression and cell survival. In addition, capsaicin and 5-FU co-treatment enhanced synergistic cytotoxicity and inhibited cell growth associated with TS downregulation and p38 MAPK inactivation in H520 and H1703 cells. Capsaicin and 5-FU co-treatment did not affect the cellular content of capsaicin. These results show that capsaicin may be combined with 5-FU to treat NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Liang Tung
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung
- Department of Pathology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi
| | - Jyh-Cheng Chen
- Department of Food Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi
| | - Jen-Chung Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch
| | - Li-Ling Liu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi
| | - Chin-Cheng Chien
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi
| | - I-Hsiang Huang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi
| | - Yong-Cing Tsao
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi
| | - Hsiang-Hung Cheng
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi
| | - Tzu-Ying Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi
| | - Ting-Chuan Yen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi
| | - Yun-Wei Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi
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Natural Compounds of Marine Origin as Inducers of Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD): Potential Role for Cancer Interception and Therapy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020231. [PMID: 33504012 PMCID: PMC7912082 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) has always been considered a tolerogenic event. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) occurs as a consequence of tumour cell death accompanied by the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), triggering an immune response. ICD plays a major role in stimulating the function of the immune system in cancer during chemotherapy and radiotherapy. ICD can therefore represent one of the routes to boost anticancer immune responses. According to the recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (2018), apoptosis (type I cell death) and necrosis (type II cell death) represent are not the only types of RCD, which also includes necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis and others. Specific downstream signalling molecules and death-inducing stimuli can regulate distinct forms of ICD, which develop and promote the immune cell response. Dying cells deliver different potential immunogenic signals, such as DAMPs, which are able to stimulate the immune system. The acute exposure of DAMPs can prime antitumour immunity by inducing activation of antigen-presenting cells (APC), such as dendritic cells (DC), leading to the downstream response by cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells (NK). As ICD represents an important target to direct and develop new pharmacological interventions, the identification of bioactive natural products, which are endowed with low side effects, higher tolerability and preferentially inducing immunogenic programmed cell death, represents a priority in biomedical research. The ability of ICD to drive the immune response depends on two major factors, neither of which is intrinsic to cell death: ‘Antigenicity and adjuvanticity’. Indeed, the use of natural ICD-triggering molecules, alone or in combination with different (immuno)therapies, can result in higher efficacy and tolerability. Here, we focused on natural (marine) compounds, particularly on marine microalgae derived molecules such as exopolysaccharides, sulphated polysaccharides, glycopeptides, glycolipids, phospholipids, that are endowed with ICD-inducing properties and sulfavants. Here, we discuss novel and repurposed small-molecule ICD triggers, as well as their ability to target important molecular pathways including the IL-6, TNF-α and interferons (IFNs), leading to immune stimulation, which could be used alone or in combinatorial immunotherapeutic strategies in cancer prevention and therapies.
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The effect of capsaicin and diethylnitrosamine on mouse nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and hepatocarcinogenesis. ACTA VET BRNO 2021. [DOI: 10.2754/avb202089040383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Diethylnitrosamine is well known for its toxic and carcinogenic properties affecting mainly liver and kidneys. Capsaicin has been proven in previous years as a promising protective agent against many health problems affecting modern people. In this study we used diethylnitrosamine induced mouse experimental model of liver and kidney damage to assess the potential chemopreventive effect of capsaicin in vivo. Fifty female ICR mice were randomly divided into five groups intraperitoneally administered 1% ethanol solution in controls, capsaicin to assess its toxicity, diethylnitrosamine alone, and diethylnitrosamine and capsaicin in combination in different manners in two groups. After 14 weeks all mice were sacrificed, complete necropsy was performed and liver and kidneys were used for further examination. Slides of both organs stained with haematoxylin and eosin were histologically evaluated and immunohistochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and glutamine synthetase in the liver tissue was performed. Histological evaluation of the liver and kidneys revealed toxic damage of diethylnitrosamine treated animals, whereas mice that received the combination of the substances showed milder lesions. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression was lower in diethylnitrosamine treated animals compared to the control and capsaicin groups, pointing to a disruption of the proliferative activity of hepatocytes in the juvenile liver. Glutamine synthetase expression did not differ between the groups, indicating that no tumours were induced by any of the substances used in our study. In conclusion, our experiment demonstrated the toxic properties of diethylnitrosamine in mice liver and kidneys, with the promising beneficial effect of capsaicin.
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Popescu GDA, Scheau C, Badarau IA, Dumitrache MD, Caruntu A, Scheau AE, Costache DO, Costache RS, Constantin C, Neagu M, Caruntu C. The Effects of Capsaicin on Gastrointestinal Cancers. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010094. [PMID: 33379302 PMCID: PMC7794743 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are a group of diseases with very high positions in the ranking of cancer incidence and mortality. While they show common features regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in cancer development, organ-specific pathophysiological processes may trigger distinct signaling pathways and intricate interactions with inflammatory cells from the tumoral milieu and mediators involved in tumorigenesis. The treatment of GI cancers is a topic of increasing interest due to the severity of these diseases, their impact on the patients' survivability and quality of life, and the burden they set on the healthcare system. As the efficiency of existing drugs is hindered by chemoresistance and adverse reactions when administered in high doses, new therapies are sought, and emerging drugs, formulations, and substance synergies are the focus of a growing number of studies. A class of chemicals with great potential through anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-tumoral effects is phytochemicals, and capsaicin in particular is the subject of intensive research looking to validate its position in complementing cancer treatment. Our paper thoroughly reviews the available scientific evidence concerning the effects of capsaicin on major GI cancers and its interactions with the molecular pathways involved in the course of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.A.B.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ioana Anca Badarau
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.A.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Mihai-Daniel Dumitrache
- Departament of Pneumology IV, “Marius Nasta” Institute of Pneumophtysiology, 050159 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea-Elena Scheau
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Daniel Octavian Costache
- Department of Dermatology, “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Raluca Simona Costache
- Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine Clinic, “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency Hospital, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Department, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (M.N.)
- Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Monica Neagu
- Immunology Department, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (M.N.)
- Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 76201 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.A.B.); (C.C.)
- Department of Dermatology, Prof. N.C. Paulescu National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
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Capsaicin and Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235681. [PMID: 33276488 PMCID: PMC7730216 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin is a widespread spice known for its analgesic qualities. Although a comprehensive body of evidence suggests pleiotropic benefits of capsaicin, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-proliferative, metabolic, or cardioprotective effects, it is frequently avoided due to reported digestive side-effects. As the gut bacterial profile is strongly linked to diet and capsaicin displays modulatory effects on gut microbiota, a new hypothesis has recently emerged about its possible applicability against widespread pathologies, such as metabolic and inflammatory diseases. The present review explores the capsaicin–microbiota crosstalk and capsaicin effect on dysbiosis, and illustrates the intimate mechanisms that underlie its action in preventing the onset or development of pathologies like obesity, diabetes, or inflammatory bowel diseases. A possible antimicrobial property of capsaicin, mediated by the beneficial alteration of microbiota, is also discussed. However, as data are coming mostly from experimental models, caution is needed in translating these findings to humans.
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Fight fire with fire: Neurobiology of capsaicin-induced analgesia for chronic pain. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 220:107743. [PMID: 33181192 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Capsaicin, the pungent ingredient in chili peppers, produces intense burning pain in humans. Capsaicin selectively activates the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), which is enriched in nociceptive primary afferents, and underpins the mechanism for capsaicin-induced burning pain. Paradoxically, capsaicin has long been used as an analgesic. The development of topical patches and injectable formulations containing capsaicin has led to application in clinical settings to treat chronic pain conditions, such as neuropathic pain and the potential to treat osteoarthritis. More detailed determination of the neurobiological mechanisms of capsaicin-induced analgesia should provide the logical rationale for capsaicin therapy and help to overcome the treatment's limitations, which include individual differences in treatment outcome and procedural discomfort. Low concentrations of capsaicin induce short-term defunctionalization of nociceptor terminals. This phenomenon is reversible within hours and, hence, likely does not account for the clinical benefit. By contrast, high concentrations of capsaicin lead to long-term defunctionalization mediated by the ablation of TRPV1-expressing afferent terminals, resulting in long-lasting analgesia persisting for several months. Recent studies have shown that capsaicin-induced Ca2+/calpain-mediated ablation of axonal terminals is necessary to produce long-lasting analgesia in a mouse model of neuropathic pain. In combination with calpain, axonal mitochondrial dysfunction and microtubule disorganization may also contribute to the longer-term effects of capsaicin. The analgesic effects subside over time in association with the regeneration of the ablated afferent terminals. Further determination of the neurobiological mechanisms of capsaicin-induced analgesia should lead to more efficacious non-opioidergic analgesic options with fewer adverse side effects.
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Hernández‐Pérez T, Gómez‐García MDR, Valverde ME, Paredes‐López O. Capsicum annuum(hot pepper): An ancient Latin‐American crop with outstanding bioactive compounds and nutraceutical potential. A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:2972-2993. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Talía Hernández‐Pérez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN Irapuato Guanajuato México
| | - María del Rocío Gómez‐García
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN Irapuato Guanajuato México
| | - María Elena Valverde
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN Irapuato Guanajuato México
| | - Octavio Paredes‐López
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN Irapuato Guanajuato México
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50
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Zhao Q, Peng C, Zheng C, He XH, Huang W, Han B. Recent Advances in Characterizing Natural Products that Regulate Autophagy. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:2177-2196. [PMID: 31749434 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666191015104458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy, an intricate response to nutrient deprivation, pathogen infection, Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)-stress and drugs, is crucial for the homeostatic maintenance in living cells. This highly regulated, multistep process has been involved in several diseases including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, especially in cancer. It can function as either a promoter or a suppressor in cancer, which underlines the potential utility as a therapeutic target. In recent years, increasing evidence has suggested that many natural products could modulate autophagy through diverse signaling pathways, either inducing or inhibiting. In this review, we briefly introduce autophagy and systematically describe several classes of natural products that implicated autophagy modulation. These compounds are of great interest for their potential activity against many types of cancer, such as ovarian, breast, cervical, pancreatic, and so on, hoping to provide valuable information for the development of cancer treatments based on autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiang-Hong He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China.,The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, United States
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