1
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Kay JE, Brody JG, Schwarzman M, Rudel RA. Application of the Key Characteristics Framework to Identify Potential Breast Carcinogens Using Publicly Available in Vivo, in Vitro, and in Silico Data. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:17002. [PMID: 38197648 PMCID: PMC10777819 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemicals that induce mammary tumors in rodents or activate estrogen or progesterone signaling are likely to increase breast cancer (BC) risk. Identifying chemicals with these activities can prompt steps to protect human health. OBJECTIVES We compiled data on rodent tumors, endocrine activity, and genotoxicity to assess the key characteristics (KCs) of rodent mammary carcinogens (MCs), and to identify other chemicals that exhibit these effects and may therefore increase BC risk. METHODS Using authoritative databases, including International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs and the US Environmental Protection's (EPA) ToxCast, we selected chemicals that induce mammary tumors in rodents, stimulate estradiol or progesterone synthesis, or activate the estrogen receptor (ER) in vitro. We classified these chemicals by their genotoxicity and strength of endocrine activity and calculated the overrepresentation (enrichment) of these KCs among MCs. Finally, we evaluated whether these KCs predict whether a chemical is likely to induce mammary tumors. RESULTS We identified 279 MCs and an additional 642 chemicals that stimulate estrogen or progesterone signaling. MCs were significantly enriched for steroidogenicity, ER agonism, and genotoxicity, supporting the use of these KCs to predict whether a chemical is likely to induce rodent mammary tumors and, by inference, increase BC risk. More MCs were steroidogens than ER agonists, and many increased both estradiol and progesterone. Enrichment among MCs was greater for strong endocrine activity vs. weak or inactive, with a significant trend. DISCUSSION We identified hundreds of compounds that have biological activities that could increase BC risk and demonstrated that these activities are enriched among MCs. We argue that many of these should not be considered low hazard without investigating their ability to affect the breast, and chemicals with the strongest evidence can be targeted for exposure reduction. We describe ways to strengthen hazard identification, including improved assessments for mammary effects, developing assays for more KCs, and more comprehensive chemical testing. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13233.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Megan Schwarzman
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Family and Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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2
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Keenan C, Al-Haddawi M, Bienvenu JG, Bradley AE, Brown P, Chen H, Colman K, Elwell M, Gatto N, Goodman D, Jacob B, Lanning L, McKinney L, Muhlbradt E, Perry R, Piaia A, Potenta D, Regan KS, Sefing B, Thibodeau M, Tibbs-Slone E, Woicke J, Zwickl CM. Guide for Combining Primary Tumors for Statistical Analysis in Rodent Carcinogenicity Studies. Toxicol Pathol 2024; 52:13-20. [PMID: 38445634 DOI: 10.1177/01926233241230553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The Tumor Combination Guide was created at the request of the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) by a Working Group of biopharmaceutical experts from international societies of toxicologic pathology, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and members of the Standard for Exchange of Nonclinical Data (SEND) initiative, to assist pharmacology/toxicology reviewers and biostatisticians in statistical analysis of nonclinical tumor data. The guide will also be useful to study and peer review pathologists in interpreting the tumor data. This guide provides a higher-level hierarchy of tumor types or categories correlating the tumor names from the International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria (INHAND) publications with those available in the NEOPLASM controlled terminology (CT) code list in SEND. The version of CT used in a study should be referenced in the nonclinical study data reviewer's guide (SDRG) (section 3.1) of electronic submissions to the FDA. The tumor combination guide instructions and examples are in a tabular format to make informed decisions for combining tumor data for statistical analysis. The strategy for combining tumor types for statistical analysis is based on scientific criteria gleaned from the current scientific literature; as SEND and INHAND terminology and information evolve, this guide will be updated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paul Brown
- U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Hepei Chen
- U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - Dawn Goodman
- Independent Consultant, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Binod Jacob
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lynda Lanning
- U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - LuAnn McKinney
- U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Thibodeau
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
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3
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Figueroa R, Sadar MJ, Frank C, McCarthy MA, Keel MK, Guzman DSM. Respiratory Distress Caused by Neoplastic Upper Respiratory Tract Obstructions in 2 Pet Rats (Rattus norvegicus domestica). Top Companion Anim Med 2024; 58:100823. [PMID: 37802245 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2023.100823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory disease is one of the primary reasons for pet owners to seek veterinary attention for their rats. While chronic respiratory disease complex is most often responsible for respiratory signs in pet rats and is well characterized, upper respiratory obstructive disease has been rarely reported in the literature. This report describes 2 pet fancy rats (Rattus norvegicus domestica) presenting with a several day history of progressive respiratory signs that were minimally responsive to supportive therapies, including antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories, and fluid and oxygen support. Survey radiographs were performed under sedation in both cases. In the first case, no cause for the clinical signs could be identified, in part due to suboptimal radiographic positioning, although severe aerophagia was noted. In the second case, cervical tracheal luminal narrowing and increased soft tissue opacity along the walls of the trachea were identified. Both rats declined while under sedation, resulting in cardiopulmonary arrest in the first case and humane euthanasia in the second. On necropsy, the first case had a oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma originating from the Zymbal's gland, which was obstructing the larynx. The second case had an intra-luminal tracheal mass obstructing the airway. This was mostly likely B-cell lymphoma or a plasma cell tumor, although definitive diagnosis was unable to be obtained. For future such cases empiric management of respiratory disease in rats with antimicrobials, anti-inflammatories, and supportive care is often appropriate based on the high prevalence of infectious agents, however, other noninfectious causes should be considered, such as neoplastic processes leading to upper airway obstructive disease and diagnostic imaging may be indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Figueroa
- James L. Voss Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Miranda J Sadar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Chad Frank
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Michael K Keel
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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4
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Gomez AL, Altamirano GA, Alcaraz MR, Montemurro M, Schierano-Marotti G, Oddi SL, Culzoni MJ, Muñoz-de-Toro M, Bosquiazzo VL, Kass L. Mammary Gland Development in Male Rats Perinatally Exposed to Propiconazole, Glyphosate, or their Mixture. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 101:104184. [PMID: 37328086 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess whether perinatal exposure to propiconazole (PRO), glyphosate (GLY) or their mixture (PROGLY) alters key endocrine pathways and the development of the male rat mammary gland. To this end, pregnant rats were orally exposed to vehicle, PRO, GLY, or a mixture of PRO and GLY from gestation day 9 until weaning. Male offspring were euthanized on postnatal day (PND) 21 and PND60. On PND21, GLY-exposed rats showed reduced mammary epithelial cell proliferation, whereas PRO-exposed ones showed increased ductal p-Erk1/2 expression without histomorphological alterations. On PND60, GLY-exposed rats showed reduced mammary gland area and estrogen receptor alpha expression and increased aromatase expression, whereas PRO-exposed ones showed enhanced lobuloalveolar development and increased lobular hyperplasia. However, PROGLY did not modify any of the endpoints evaluated. In summary, PRO and GLY modified the expression of key molecules and the development of the male mammary gland individually but not together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelen L Gomez
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Gabriela A Altamirano
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Mirta R Alcaraz
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Milagros Montemurro
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Schierano-Marotti
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Sofia L Oddi
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María J Culzoni
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Mónica Muñoz-de-Toro
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Verónica L Bosquiazzo
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica y Cuantitativa, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Laura Kass
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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5
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Aboouf MA, Armbruster J, Guscetti F, Thiersch M, Boss A, Gödecke A, Winning S, Padberg C, Fandrey J, Kristiansen G, Bicker A, Hankeln T, Gassmann M, Gorr TA. Endogenous myoglobin expression in mouse models of mammary carcinoma reduces hypoxia and metastasis in PyMT mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7530. [PMID: 37161046 PMCID: PMC10170105 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34614-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Myoglobin (MB) is expressed in different cancer types and may act as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. The mechanisms by which basal MB expression level impacts murine mammary tumorigenesis are unclear. We investigated how MB expression in breast cancer influences proliferation, metastasis, tumor hypoxia, and chemotherapy treatment in vivo. We crossed PyMT and WapCreTrp53flox mammary cancer mouse models that differed in tumor grade/type and onset of mammary carcinoma with MB knockout mice. The loss of MB in WapCre;Trp53flox mice did not affect tumor development and progression. On the other hand, loss of MB decreased tumor growth and increased tissue hypoxia as well as the number of lung metastases in PyMT mice. Furthermore, Doxorubicin therapy prevented the stronger metastatic propensity of MB-deficient tumors in PyMT mice. This suggests that, although MB expression predicts improved prognosis in breast cancer patients, MB-deficient tumors may still respond well to first-line therapies. We propose that determining the expression level of MB in malignant breast cancer biopsies will improve tumor stratification, outcome prediction, and personalized therapy in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A Aboouf
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Armbruster
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Franco Guscetti
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Thiersch
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Boss
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Axel Gödecke
- Institute of Cardiovascular Pathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sandra Winning
- Institute for Physiology, University Duisburg-Essen, 47057, Essen, Germany
| | - Claudia Padberg
- Institute for Physiology, University Duisburg-Essen, 47057, Essen, Germany
| | - Joachim Fandrey
- Institute for Physiology, University Duisburg-Essen, 47057, Essen, Germany
| | - Glen Kristiansen
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne Bicker
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Molecular and Genome Analysis, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099, Mainz, Germany
- University Medical Center Mainz, I. Medical Clinic, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Hankeln
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Molecular and Genome Analysis, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas A Gorr
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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6
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Kumbhani TR, Raval SH, Parmar RS, Patel JG, Bechara VJ, Sindhi PI, Modh SP. Vulvar complex apocrine carcinoma in a horse (Equus caballus): A case report and review of literature. J Equine Vet Sci 2023:104495. [PMID: 37086757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
A 6-year-old Marwari mare presented with recurrent vulvar growth. The growth was surgically excised, fixed and processed routinely. Microscopically, neoplasm showed proliferation of epithelial and myoepithelial cells with tubulopapillary pattern. On immunohistochemistry, myoepithelial cells showed strong immunoreactivity with smooth muscle actin alpha and p63. On basis of histopathology and immunohistochemistry, tumour was diagnosed as complex apocrine carcinoma. This case report describes first confirm vulvar complex apocrine carcinoma in equines.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Kumbhani
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science & A.H., Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - S H Raval
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science & A.H., Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat, India.
| | - R S Parmar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science & A.H., Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - J G Patel
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science & A.H., Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - V J Bechara
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science & A.H., Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - P I Sindhi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science & A.H., Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - S P Modh
- V Cross Laboratory, Palanpur, Gujarat, India
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7
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Critical Review on Physiological and Molecular Features during Bovine Mammary Gland Development: Recent Advances. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203325. [PMID: 36291191 PMCID: PMC9600653 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammary gland is a unique organ with the ability to undergo repeated cyclic changes throughout the life of mammals. Among domesticated livestock species, ruminants (cattle and buffalo) constitute a distinct class of livestock species that are known milk producers. Cattle and buffalo contribute to 51 and 13% of the total milk supply in the world, respectively. They also play an essential role in the development of the economy for farming communities by providing milk, meat, and draft power. The development of the ruminant mammary gland is highly dynamic and multiphase in nature. There are six developmental stages: embryonic, prepubertal, pubertal, pregnancy, lactation, and involution. There has been substantial advancement in our understanding of the development of the mammary gland in both mouse and human models. Until now, there has not been a thorough investigation into the molecular processes that underlie the various stages of cow udder development. The current review sheds light on the morphological and molecular changes that occur during various developmental phases in diverse species, with a particular focus on the cow udder. It aims to explain the physiological differences between cattle and non-ruminant mammalian species such as humans, mice, and monkeys. Understanding the developmental biology of the mammary gland in molecular detail, as well as species-specific variations, will facilitate the researchers working in this area in further studies on cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, organogenesis, and carcinogenesis. Additionally, in-depth knowledge of the mammary gland will promote its use as a model organ for research work and promote enhanced milk yield in livestock animals without affecting their health and welfare.
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8
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Pramudya M, Dewi FRP, Wong RW, Anggraini DW, Winarni D, Wahyuningsih SPA. Anti-cancer activity of an ethanolic extract of red okra pods (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) in rats induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. Vet World 2022; 15:1177-1184. [PMID: 35765486 PMCID: PMC9210857 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1177-1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy in women. The consumption of phytochemical components from plants may play an essential role in preventing and treating this cancer. This study aimed to investigate the anti-cancer activity of an ethanolic extract of red okra pods (EEROP) in rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU).
Materials and Methods: The experimental animals were divided into six groups (n=5/group), namely, KN (normal control, without any treatment), K– (negative control, exposed to MNU without EEROP), K+ (positive control, exposed to MNU and Methotrexate), and the treatment Groups P1, P2, and P3 (exposed to MNU and EEROP at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight [BW], respectively). Intraperitoneal delivery of MNU and EEROP oral administration was carried out for 8 weeks. After the end of treatment, the parameters of cytokines, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and mammary gland histology were measured.
Results: The results showed that EEROP at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg BW significantly downregulated interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-17, IL-10, and tumor growth factor-β (p<0.05). In addition, doses of 200 mg/kg BW significantly increased the activity of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, prevented the proliferation of mammary gland epithelial cells, and yielded a significantly thinner epithelium of the mammary gland (p<0.05).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that EEROP was an effective anti-cancer agent by modulating the immune response. Further studies using a nanoparticle system are warranted to achieve optimal working conditions for these bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikya Pramudya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Campus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Firli Rahmah Primula Dewi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Campus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Richard W. Wong
- Cell Bionomics Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Devinta Wahyu Anggraini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Campus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Winarni
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Campus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Sri Puji Astuti Wahyuningsih
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Campus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia
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9
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Del-Pozo J, Headon DJ, Glover JD, Azar A, Schuepbach-Mallepell S, Bhutta MF, Riddell J, Maxwell S, Milne E, Schneider P, Cheeseman M. The EDA deficient mouse has Zymbal's gland hypoplasia and acute otitis externa. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:274882. [PMID: 35107126 PMCID: PMC8990926 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In mice, rats, dogs and humans, the growth and function of sebaceous glands and eyelid Meibomian glands depend on the ectodysplasin signalling pathway. Mutation of genes encoding the ligand EDA, its transmembrane receptor EDAR and the intracellular signal transducer EDARADD leads to hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, characterised by impaired development of teeth and hair, as well as cutaneous glands. The rodent ear canal has a large auditory sebaceous gland, the Zymbal’s gland, the function of which in the health of the ear canal has not been determined. We report that EDA-deficient mice, EDAR-deficient mice and EDARADD-deficient rats have Zymbal’s gland hypoplasia. EdaTa mice have 25% prevalence of otitis externa at postnatal day 21 and treatment with agonist anti-EDAR antibodies rescues Zymbal’s glands. The aetiopathogenesis of otitis externa involves infection with Gram-positive cocci, and dosing pregnant and lactating EdaTa females and pups with enrofloxacin reduces the prevalence of otitis externa. We infer that the deficit of sebum is the principal factor in predisposition to bacterial infection, and the EdaTa mouse is a potentially useful microbial challenge model for human acute otitis externa. Summary: Ectodysplasin-deficient mice have growth retardation of the auditory sebaceous Zymbal's gland and are predisposed to spontaneous bacterial infection of the outer ear canal by opportunistic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Del-Pozo
- Veterinary Pathology, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK
| | - Denis J Headon
- Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK
| | - James D Glover
- Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK
| | - Ali Azar
- Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Mahmood F Bhutta
- Department of ENT, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton BN2 5BE, UK.,Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer Brighton BN1 9PX, UK
| | - Jon Riddell
- Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK
| | - Scott Maxwell
- Veterinary Pathology, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK
| | - Elspeth Milne
- Veterinary Pathology, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Michael Cheeseman
- Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK.,Division of Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, Scotland, UK.,Centre for Comparative Pathology, Division of Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, Scotland, UK
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10
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Acrylonitrile induction of rodent neoplasia: Potential mechanism of action and relevance to humans. TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/23978473211055363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acrylonitrile, an industrial chemical, is a multisite carcinogen in rats and mice, producing tumors in four tissues with barrier function, that is, brain, forestomach, Zymbal’s gland, and Harderian gland. To assess mechanism(s) of action (MoA) for induction of neoplasia and to evaluate whether the findings in rodents are indicative of human hazard, data on the potential key effects produced by acrylonitrile in the four rodent target tissues of carcinogenicity were evaluated. A notable finding was depletion of glutathione in various organs, including two target tissues, the brain, and forestomach, suggesting that this effect could be a critical initiating event. An additional combination of oxidative DNA damage and cytotoxic effects of acrylonitrile and its metabolites, cyanide, and 2-cyanoethylene oxide, could initiate pro-inflammatory signaling and sustained cell and tissue injury, leading to compensatory cell proliferation and neoplastic development. The in vivo DNA-binding and genotoxicity of acrylonitrile has been studied in several target tissues with no compelling positive results. Thus, while some mutagenic effects were reported in acrylonitrile-exposed rodents, data to determine whether this mutagenicity stems from direct DNA reactivity of acrylonitrile are insufficient. Accordingly, the induction of tumors in rodents is consistent primarily with a non-genotoxic MoA, although a contribution from weak mutagenicity cannot be ruled out. Mechanistic data to support conclusions regarding human hazard from acrylonitrile exposure is weak. Comparison of metabolism of acrylonitrile between rodents and humans provide little support for human hazard. Three of the tissues affected in bioassays (forestomach, Zymbal’s gland, and Harderian gland) are present only in rodents, while the brain is anatomically different between rodents and humans, diminishing relevance of tumor induction in these tissues to human hazard. Extensive epidemiological data has not revealed causation of human cancer by acrylonitrile.
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Fidianingsih I, Aryandono T, Widyarini S, Herwiyanti S. Profile of Histopathological Type and Molecular Subtypes of Mammary Cancer of DMBA-induced Rat and its Relevancy to Human Breast Cancer. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.7975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Animal models with mammary cancer that closely mimic human breast cancer for treatment development purposes are still required. Induction of 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) to rats shows the histopathological features and mammary cancer characterization similar to humans. Examinations of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and Ki67 expressions are crucial in deciding the treatment and prognosis of breast cancer.
AIM: This research aimed to view histopathology images of mammary glands and expressions of ER, PR, Ki67, and HER2 of DMBA-induced rats.
METHODS: After 1-week adaptation, 11 5-weeks-old female rats were induced with 20 mg/kg body weight (BW) of DMBA 2 times a week for 5 weeks. On week 29, nodules taken from the mammary gland were examined for hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry with p63, ER, PR, HER2, and Ki67 antibodies. The grading score used the Nottingham Grading System and molecular classifications based on St. Gallen 2013.
RESULTS: Six rats had nodules, but the histopathologic features of one nodule showed normal mammary gland without cancer. The histopathological type of mammary cancer was cribriform carcinoma, comedo carcinoma, lipid-rich carcinoma, adenocarcinoma squamous, and adenomyepithelioma. Histopathological grading showed 60% of grade 3 and 40% of grade 2. P63 expression showed 60% positive and 40% negative. The frequency of ER, PR, HER2, and Ki67 of five nodules showed positivity: 40%, 60%, 60%, and 60%, respectively. Molecular subtypes of Luminal A, B, HER2, and triple-negative were 0%, 60%, 20%, and 20%, respectively.
CONCLUSION: Histopathological features and molecular subtype of mammary cancer on rats induced with 20 mg/kg BW of DMBA showed similarity to human breast cancer.
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12
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Cooper TK, Meyerholz DK, Beck AP, Delaney MA, Piersigilli A, Southard TL, Brayton CF. Research-Relevant Conditions and Pathology of Laboratory Mice, Rats, Gerbils, Guinea Pigs, Hamsters, Naked Mole Rats, and Rabbits. ILAR J 2022; 62:77-132. [PMID: 34979559 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals are valuable resources in biomedical research in investigations of biological processes, disease pathogenesis, therapeutic interventions, safety, toxicity, and carcinogenicity. Interpretation of data from animals requires knowledge not only of the processes or diseases (pathophysiology) under study but also recognition of spontaneous conditions and background lesions (pathology) that can influence or confound the study results. Species, strain/stock, sex, age, anatomy, physiology, spontaneous diseases (noninfectious and infectious), and neoplasia impact experimental results and interpretation as well as animal welfare. This review and the references selected aim to provide a pathology resource for researchers, pathologists, and veterinary personnel who strive to achieve research rigor and validity and must understand the spectrum of "normal" and expected conditions to accurately identify research-relevant experimental phenotypes as well as unusual illness, pathology, or other conditions that can compromise studies involving laboratory mice, rats, gerbils, guinea pigs, hamsters, naked mole rats, and rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy K Cooper
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - David K Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Amanda P Beck
- Department of Pathology, Yeshiva University Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Martha A Delaney
- Zoological Pathology Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Alessandra Piersigilli
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology and the Genetically Modified Animal Phenotyping Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Teresa L Southard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Cory F Brayton
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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13
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Chemical Effects on Breast Development, Function, and Cancer Risk: Existing Knowledge and New Opportunities. Curr Environ Health Rep 2022; 9:535-562. [PMID: 35984634 PMCID: PMC9729163 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-022-00376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Population studies show worrisome trends towards earlier breast development, difficulty in breastfeeding, and increasing rates of breast cancer in young women. Multiple epidemiological studies have linked these outcomes with chemical exposures, and experimental studies have shown that many of these chemicals generate similar effects in rodents, often by disrupting hormonal regulation. These endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can alter the progression of mammary gland (MG) development, impair the ability to nourish offspring via lactation, increase mammary tissue density, and increase the propensity to develop cancer. However, current toxicological approaches to measuring the effects of chemical exposures on the MG are often inadequate to detect these effects, impairing our ability to identify exposures harmful to the breast and limiting opportunities for prevention. This paper describes key adverse outcomes for the MG, including impaired lactation, altered pubertal development, altered morphology (such as increased mammographic density), and cancer. It also summarizes evidence from humans and rodent models for exposures associated with these effects. We also review current toxicological practices for evaluating MG effects, highlight limitations of current methods, summarize debates related to how effects are interpreted in risk assessment, and make recommendations to strengthen assessment approaches. Increasing the rigor of MG assessment would improve our ability to identify chemicals of concern, regulate those chemicals based on their effects, and prevent exposures and associated adverse health effects.
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14
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Srasri M, Srivilai P, Loutchanwoot P. Assessment of 28-day oral exposure to Pueraria candollei var. mirifica (Fabaceae) roots on pituitary-ovarian axis function and selected metabolic parameters in ovary-intact rats. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1831-1845. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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15
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Di Caro G, Minoli L, Ferrario M, Marsella G, Milite G, Crippa L, Martino PA, Paltrinieri S, Scanziani E, Recordati C. Bacteriological and pathological investigations on the preputial glands of one-year-old C57BL/6NCrl mice maintained in individually ventilated cages. Lab Anim 2021; 56:235-246. [DOI: 10.1177/00236772211055966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous infections of the preputial glands represent overlooked health problems in mice that could raise welfare concerns and potentially confound scientific experiments. Agents involved in preputial gland infections have rarely been investigated, with opportunistic pathogens of laboratory animals usually detected in inflamed preputial glands. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of bacterial infection in the preputial glands and the relationship between haematological and pathological changes and infection status. We analysed 40 preputial glands from 20 one-year-old C57BL/6NCrl male mice by using bacteriology, haematology and pathology. Bacteria were isolated from 16/20 (80%) mice, for a total of 32/40 (80%) examined preputial glands. Enterobacter cloacae, Pasteurella spp., Klebsiella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus were identified in 35%, 17.5%, 15% and 12.5% of the examined glands, respectively. Preputial gland inflammation was identified in 29/40 (72.5%) glands and was classified as chronic interstitial adenitis in 27 cases and suppurative adenitis in the remaining two glands. No haematological changes were found in mice with infected glands. Histologically, the presence of intralesional bacteria, intraluminal necrotic material, intraluminal keratin accumulation, interstitial inflammatory cell infiltrate and granulocytes (intraluminal and/or interstitial), along with total inflammatory score and total histopathological score, were significantly increased in infected glands and correlated with the bacterial load. Most severe inflammatory changes were identified after S. aureus infection, while ductal hyperkeratosis was significantly increased in glands infected with Klebsiella spp. In conclusion, preputial gland infection was a common event in one-year-old C57BL/6NCrl mice, and bacterial load correlated with pathological findings, while systemic effects were not highlighted by haematology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucia Minoli
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), Fondazione Unimi, Italy
| | - Marzia Ferrario
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), Fondazione Unimi, Italy
| | | | | | - Luca Crippa
- Departement of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Piera Anna Martino
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, One Health Unit, University of Milan, Italy
| | | | - Eugenio Scanziani
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), Fondazione Unimi, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Camilla Recordati
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), Fondazione Unimi, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
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16
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Colman K, Andrews RN, Atkins H, Boulineau T, Bradley A, Braendli-Baiocco A, Capobianco R, Caudell D, Cline M, Doi T, Ernst R, van Esch E, Everitt J, Fant P, Gruebbel MM, Mecklenburg L, Miller AD, Nikula KJ, Satake S, Schwartz J, Sharma A, Shimoi A, Sobry C, Taylor I, Vemireddi V, Vidal J, Wood C, Vahle JL. International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria (INHAND): Non-proliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Non-human Primate ( M. fascicularis). J Toxicol Pathol 2021; 34:1S-182S. [PMID: 34712008 PMCID: PMC8544165 DOI: 10.1293/tox.34.1s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The INHAND (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for Lesions Project (www.toxpath.org/inhand.asp) is a joint initiative of the Societies of Toxicologic Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP) and North America (STP) to develop an internationally accepted nomenclature for proliferative and nonproliferative lesions in laboratory animals. The purpose of this publication is to provide a standardized nomenclature for classifying microscopic lesions observed in most tissues and organs from the nonhuman primate used in nonclinical safety studies. Some of the lesions are illustrated by color photomicrographs. The standardized nomenclature presented in this document is also available electronically on the internet (http://www.goreni.org/). Sources of material included histopathology databases from government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world. Content includes spontaneous lesions as well as lesions induced by exposure to test materials. Relevant infectious and parasitic lesions are included as well. A widely accepted and utilized international harmonization of nomenclature for lesions in laboratory animals will provide a common language among regulatory and scientific research organizations in different countries and increase and enrich international exchanges of information among toxicologists and pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyn Colman
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA,
USA
| | - Rachel N. Andrews
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Radiation
Oncology, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hannah Atkins
- Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Comparative
Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | | | - Alys Bradley
- Charles River Laboratories Edinburgh Ltd., Tranent,
Scotland, UK
| | - Annamaria Braendli-Baiocco
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raffaella Capobianco
- Janssen Research & Development, a Division of Janssen
Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - David Caudell
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine,
Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mark Cline
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine,
Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Takuya Doi
- LSIM Safety Institute Corporation, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Everitt
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of
Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Andew D. Miller
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca,
NY, USA
| | | | - Shigeru Satake
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kagoshima and
Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Alok Sharma
- Covance Laboratories, Inc., Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Charles Wood
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT,
USA
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17
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Machida Y, Imai T. Different properties of mammary carcinogenesis induced by two chemical carcinogens, DMBA and PhIP, in heterozygous BALB/c Trp53 knockout mice. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:738. [PMID: 34466150 PMCID: PMC8387855 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical carcinogens, such as 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine (PhIP), are known to induce mammary carcinomas in mice and rats. In the present study, the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of carcinogen-induced mammary carcinogenesis in heterozygous BALB/c tumor protein p53 (Trp53) knockout mice were examined with reference to published data surrounding human breast cancer. A significantly accelerated induction of mammary carcinomas was observed following a single dose of DMBA (50 mg/kg of body weight at 7 weeks of age), and a modest acceleration was induced by PhIP (50 mg/kg of body weight) administered by gavage 6 times/2 weeks from 7 weeks of age. DMBA-induced mammary carcinomas were histopathologically characterized by distinct biphasic structures with luminal and myoepithelial cells, as well as a frequent estrogen receptor expression, and PhIP-induced carcinomas with solid/microacinar structures consisted of pleomorphic cells. Of note, DMBA-induced mammary carcinomas were characterized by a HRas proto-oncogene (Hras) mutation at codon 61, and gene/protein expression indicating MAPK stimulation. PhIP-induced lesions were suspected to be caused by different molecular mechanisms, including Wnt/β-catenin signaling and/or gene mutation-independent PI3K/AKT signaling activation. In conclusion, the present mouse mammary carcinogenesis models, induced by a combination of genetic and exogenous factors, may be utilized (such as the DMBA-induced model with Trp53 gene function deficiency as a model of adenomyoepithelioma, characterized by distinct biphasic cell constituents and Hras mutations), but PhIP-induced models are required to further analyze the genetic/epigenetic mechanisms promoting mammary carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukino Machida
- Central Animal Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Toshio Imai
- Central Animal Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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18
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Skydsgaard M, Dincer Z, Haschek WM, Helke K, Jacob B, Jacobsen B, Jeppesen G, Kato A, Kawaguchi H, McKeag S, Nelson K, Rittinghausen S, Schaudien D, Vemireddi V, Wojcinski ZW. International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria (INHAND): Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Minipig. Toxicol Pathol 2021; 49:110-228. [PMID: 33393872 DOI: 10.1177/0192623320975373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The INHAND (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for Lesions) Project (www.toxpath.org/inhand.asp) is a joint initiative of the Societies of Toxicologic Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP), and North America (STP) to develop an internationally accepted nomenclature for proliferative and nonproliferative lesions in laboratory animals. The purpose of this publication is to provide a standardized nomenclature for classifying microscopic lesions observed in most tissues and organs from the minipig used in nonclinical safety studies. Some of the lesions are illustrated by color photomicrographs. The standardized nomenclature presented in this document is also available electronically on the internet (http://www.goreni.org/). Sources of material included histopathology databases from government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world. Content includes spontaneous lesions as well as lesions induced by exposure to test materials. Relevant infectious and parasitic lesions are included as well. A widely accepted and utilized international harmonization of nomenclature for lesions in laboratory animals will provide a common language among regulatory and scientific research organizations in different countries and increase and enrich international exchanges of information among toxicologists and pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zuhal Dincer
- Pathology Department, Covance Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, United Kingdom
| | - Wanda M Haschek
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kris Helke
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - Bjoern Jacobsen
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gitte Jeppesen
- Charles River Laboratories Copenhagen, Lille Skensved, Denmark
| | - Atsuhiko Kato
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd Research Division, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | - Sean McKeag
- Pathology Department, Covance Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, United Kingdom
| | | | - Susanne Rittinghausen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Schaudien
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Hannover, Germany
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19
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Woicke J, Al-Haddawi MM, Bienvenu JG, Caverly Rae JM, Chanut FJ, Colman K, Cullen JM, Davis W, Fukuda R, Huisinga M, Walker UJ, Kai K, Kovi RC, Macri NP, Marxfeld HA, Nikula KJ, Pardo ID, Rosol TJ, Sharma AK, Singh BP, Tamura K, Thibodeau MS, Vezzali E, Vidal JD, Meseck EK. International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria (INHAND): Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Dog. Toxicol Pathol 2021; 49:5-109. [PMID: 33393871 DOI: 10.1177/0192623320968181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The INHAND (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for Lesions) Project (www.toxpath.org/inhand.asp) is a joint initiative of the societies of toxicologic Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP), and North America (STP) to develop an internationally accepted nomenclature for proliferative and nonproliferative lesions in laboratory animals. The purpose of this publication is to provide a standardized nomenclature for classifying lesions observed in most tissues and organs from the dog used in nonclinical safety studies. Some of the lesions are illustrated by color photomicrographs. The standardized nomenclature presented in this document is also available electronically on the internet (http://www.goreni.org/). Sources of material included histopathology databases from government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world. Content includes spontaneous lesions, lesions induced by exposure to test materials, and relevant infectious and parasitic lesions. A widely accepted and utilized international harmonization of nomenclature for lesions in laboratory animals will provide a common language among regulatory and scientific research organizations in different countries and increase and enrich international exchanges of information among toxicologists and pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Karyn Colman
- Genomics Institute for the Novartis Research Foundation, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John M Cullen
- North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Ryo Fukuda
- Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Kiyonori Kai
- Daiichi Sankyo Co, Ltd, Medical Safety Research Laboratories, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ramesh C Kovi
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories (EPL), Inc, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.,National Toxicology Program (NTP), US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas J Rosol
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Kazutoshi Tamura
- Pathology Department, BoZo Research Center Inc, Shizuoka, Gotemba, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Emily K Meseck
- Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
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20
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The deletion of yeaJ gene facilitates Escherichia coli escape from immune recognition. J Bacteriol 2021; 203:e0033621. [PMID: 34309400 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00336-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary gland-derived Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an important pathogen causing dairy cow mastitis. Mammary gland mucosal immunity against infectious E. coli mainly depends on recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by innate receptors. Stimulator of interferon (IFN) gene (STING) has recently been the dominant mediator in reacting to bacterial intrusion and preventing inflammatory disorders. In this study, we firstly proved that diguanylate cyclase YeaJ relieves mouse mammary gland pathological damage by changing E. coli phenotypic and host STING-dependent innate immunity response. YeaJ decreases mammary gland circular vacuoles, bleeding and degeneration in mice. In addition, YeaJ participates in STING-IRF3 signaling to regulate inflammation in vivo. While in vitro, YeaJ decreases damage to macrophages (RAW264.7) but not to mouse mammary epithelial cells (EpH4-Ev). Consistent with the results in mouse mammary gland, yeaJ significantly activates STING/TBK1/IRF3 pathway in RAW264.7 as well. In conclusion, the deletion of yeaJ gene facilitates E. coli NJ17 escape from STING-dependent innate immunity recognition in vitro and in vivo. This study highlights a novel role for YeaJ in E. coli infection, which provides a better understanding of host-bacteria interactions and potential prophylactic strategies for infections. IMPORTANCE E. coli is the etiological agent of environmental mastitis in dairy cows, which cause massive financial losses worldwide. However, the pathophysiological role of yeaJ in the interaction between E. coli and host remains unclear. We found that YeaJ significantly influences various biological characteristics and suppresses severe inflammatory response as well as greater damage. YeaJ alleviates damage to macrophages (RAW264.7) and mouse mammary gland. Moreover, these effects of YeaJ are achieved at least partial by mediating the STING-IRF3 signaling pathway. In conclusion, the deletion of yeaJ gene facilitates E. coli NJ17 escape from STING-dependent innate immunity recognition in vitro and in vivo. This study is the basis for further research to better understand host-bacteria interactions and provides potential prophylactic strategies for infections.
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21
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Hayakawa C, Kimura M, Kuroda Y, Hayashi S, Takeuchi K, Furukawa S. A case report of RccHan TM: WIST rat with multiple neoplastic and non-neoplastic proliferative lesions. J Toxicol Pathol 2021; 34:251-259. [PMID: 34290481 PMCID: PMC8280308 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2021-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
It is extremely rare to have multiple spontaneous proliferative lesions in young adult rats. Here, we report the occurrence of different proliferative lesions in multiple tissues of a 7-week-old female rat in a 1-week repeated toxicity study. Grossly, multiple white patches and nodules in the bilateral kidneys, femoral and subcutaneous masses, and a nodule in the liver were observed. Renal lesions were diagnosed as renal mesenchymal tumors. One of the femoral subcutaneous masses was diagnosed as an adenolipoma consisting of mammary epithelial cells and mature adipocytes. The other femoral and abdominal subcutaneous masses were diagnosed as lipomas consisting of mature adipocytes. The liver nodule was diagnosed as non-regenerative hepatocellular hyperplasia, which was characterized by the proliferation of slightly hypertrophic hepatocytes. In the cauda equina, the growth of enlarged Schwann cells around the axon was observed, and this lesion was diagnosed as a neuroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Hayakawa
- Toxicology and Environmental Science Department, Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Corporation, 1470 Shiraoka, Shiraoka-shi, Saitama 349-0294, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kimura
- Toxicology and Environmental Science Department, Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Corporation, 1470 Shiraoka, Shiraoka-shi, Saitama 349-0294, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kuroda
- Toxicology and Environmental Science Department, Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Corporation, 1470 Shiraoka, Shiraoka-shi, Saitama 349-0294, Japan
| | - Seigo Hayashi
- Toxicology and Environmental Science Department, Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Corporation, 1470 Shiraoka, Shiraoka-shi, Saitama 349-0294, Japan
| | - Kazuya Takeuchi
- Toxicology and Environmental Science Department, Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Corporation, 1470 Shiraoka, Shiraoka-shi, Saitama 349-0294, Japan
| | - Satoshi Furukawa
- Toxicology and Environmental Science Department, Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Corporation, 1470 Shiraoka, Shiraoka-shi, Saitama 349-0294, Japan
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22
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Singh L, Singh M, Rastogi S, Choudhary A, Kumar D, Raj R, Ansari MN, Saeedan AS, Kaithwas G. Effect of Voacamine upon inhibition of hypoxia induced fatty acid synthesis in a rat model of methyln-nitrosourea induced mammary gland carcinoma. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:33. [PMID: 34090331 PMCID: PMC8180083 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-021-00371-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present study, fatty acid synthesis is targeted to combat mammary gland carcinoma by activating prolyl hydroxylase-2 with Voacamine alone and in combination with Tamoxifen. It was hypothesized that the activation of prolyl hydroxylase-2 would inhibit the hypoxia-induced fatty acid synthesis and mammary gland carcinoma. Mammary gland carcinoma was induced with a single dose administration of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (50 mg/kg,i.p.) and treatment with Voacamine and Tamoxifen 15 days after carcinogen administration. RESULTS At the end of the study, hemodynamic profiling of animals was recorded to assess the cardiotoxic potential of the drug. Blood serum was separated and subjected to nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Carmine staining and histopathology of mammary gland tissue were performed to evaluate the anti-angiogenic potential of the drug. The antioxidant potential of the drug was measured with antioxidant markers. Western blotting was performed to study the effect of the drug at the molecular level. CONCLUSION Results of the study have shown that Voacamine treatment stopped further decrease in body weight of experimental animals. The hemodynamic study evidenced that Voacamine at a low dose is safe in cardiac patients. Microscopic evaluation of mammary gland tissue documented the anti-angiogenic potential of Voacamine and Tamoxifen therapy. Perturbed serum metabolites were also restored to normal along with antioxidant markers. Immunoblotting of mammary gland tissue also depicted restoration of proteins of the hypoxic and fatty acid pathway. Conclusively, Voacamine and its combination with Tamoxifen activated prolyl hydroxylase-2 to combat mammary gland carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakhveer Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, VidyaVihar, Raebareily Road, Lucknow, 226025, India
| | - Manjari Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India
| | - Shubham Rastogi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, VidyaVihar, Raebareily Road, Lucknow, 226025, India
| | - Anurag Choudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, VidyaVihar, Raebareily Road, Lucknow, 226025, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Center for Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow, India
| | - Ritu Raj
- Center for Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohd Nazam Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz S Saeedan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav Kaithwas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, VidyaVihar, Raebareily Road, Lucknow, 226025, India.
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23
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Ide T, Cho YM, Oishi Y, Ogawa K. Spontaneous adenolipoma of the mammary gland in the male F344 rat. J Toxicol Pathol 2021; 34:231-234. [PMID: 34290477 PMCID: PMC8280302 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2021-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A 110-week-old male F344 rat from the high-dose group of a 104-week carcinogenicity study, exhibited a spontaneously occurring subcutaneous mass in the left axilla extending to the chest. Histologically, the mass was well-demarcated from the adjacent mammary tissue and slightly encapsulated without evidence of infiltration into the surrounding tissues. The mass contained both epithelial and adipose components. The epithelial component consisted of ductal structures of various sizes lined by a single layer of flattened to cuboidal epithelial cells with relatively clear or vacuolated cytoplasm. These ductal structures were well-intermingled with an adipose component that consisted of a uniform monomorphic cell population of mature adipocytes. Both cell types were well-differentiated and did not exhibit cellular atypia. Within the mass, fibrous connective tissue was found in the stroma with infiltration of numerous mast cells. Based on these findings, the mass was diagnosed as an adenolipoma of the mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Ide
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Young-Man Cho
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yuji Oishi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ogawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
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24
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Lee JM, Kim U, Yang H, Ryu B, Kim J, Sakuma T, Yamamoto T, Park JH. TALEN-mediated generation of Nkx3.1 knockout rat model. Prostate 2021; 81:182-193. [PMID: 33368416 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent developments in gene editing, using transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), have greatly helped the generation of genetically engineered animal models. The NK3 homeobox 1 (NKX3.1) protein plays important roles in prostate development and protein production, and functions as a tumor suppressor. Recently, NKX3.1 was shown to be associated with breast cancer in humans. METHODS Our aim was to create a new rat model to elucidate the functions of NKX3.1. To that end, we generated Nkx3.1 knockout rats using TALENs and analyzed their phenotype. TALEN-mediated Nkx3.1 knockout was confirmed by T7 endonuclease I (T7E1) assay and DNA sequencing. Prostate weight and fertility were evaluated in the knockout rats, besides determining the proportion of epithelial cells and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of genes associated with carcinogenesis. Breast tumors were examined by histopathology. RESULTS Results suggested Nkx3.1 knockout rats have reduced fertility, decreased prostate weights, and increased epithelial cell layers. The mRNA expression of genes related to prostate carcinogenesis, namely Ar, Akt, and Pi3k, also increased. Moreover, the Nkx3.1 knockout rats often developed malignant breast tumors. CONCLUSIONS We, therefore, successfully created the first Nkx3.1 knockout rat model, using TALEN-mediated gene targeting, and used it to identify defects associated with Nkx3.1 deficiency, not previously observed in mice. Loss of Nkx3.1 in rats led to lower reproductive capacity, and decreased prostate weights, apart from the risk of developing breast cancer. We, thus, proposed Nkx3.1 knockout rats as reliable models for studying the role of NKX3.1 in decreased prostate weights, fertility, and breast cancer, as well as in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Min Lee
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ukjin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyokyung Yang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyeong Ryu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tetsushi Sakuma
- Division of Integrated Sciences for Life, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Division of Integrated Sciences for Life, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jae-Hak Park
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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25
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Matsushita K, Ishii Y, Kijima A, Takasu S, Kuroda K, Takagi H, Nohmi T, Ogawa K, Umemura T. Background data of 2-year-old male and female F344 gpt delta rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2021; 34:23-31. [PMID: 33627942 PMCID: PMC7890168 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2020-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although gpt delta rats, as reporter gene-transgenic rats, were originally developed for in vivo mutation assays, they have also been used to evaluate chemical carcinogenesis and comprehensive toxicity. Therefore, it is necessary to accumulate background data on carcinogenicity and general toxicity in gpt delta rats. Here, we investigated the background data of 110-week-old male and female F344 gpt delta rats and wild-type rats. There was no effect of reporter gene transfection on animal survival rates and body weights during the experiment. The relative weight of male gpt delta rat adrenals was significantly higher than that of wild-type rats, possibly due to the higher incidence of pheochromocytoma. There were no intergenotype differences in the incidence of nonneoplastic lesions in both sexes, including chronic progressive nephropathy and focus of cellular alteration in the liver, which had a higher incidence in both genotypes. Additionally, the significantly higher incidence of adrenal pheochromocytoma in male gpt delta rats than that in wild-type rats was likely incidental because of the lack of differences in the incidences of preneoplastic (male and female) and neoplastic (female) adrenal lesions in both genotypes. Other neoplastic lesions in both sexes showed no intergenotype differences in incidence rates, although large granular lymphocytic leukemia in the spleen and Leydig cell tumors in the testes of males showed higher incidence rates. Overall, there were no effects of reporter gene transfection on the spectrum of spontaneous lesions in F344 gpt delta rats, thus supporting their applicability in evaluating chemical toxicity and carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Matsushita
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health
Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishii
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health
Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Aki Kijima
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health
Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Shinji Takasu
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health
Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Ken Kuroda
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health
Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Takagi
- Japan SLC, Inc., 3-5-1 Aoihigashi, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu,
Shizuoka 433-8114, Japan
| | - Takehiko Nohmi
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health
Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ogawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health
Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Takashi Umemura
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health
Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
- Faculty of Animal Health Technology, Yamazaki University of
Animal Health Technology, 4-7-2 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0364, Japan
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26
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Kong JY, Kim HS, Yeon SC, Park JK, Jeong KS, Hong IH. Preputial gland adenoma in a wild nutria ( Myocastor coypus): a case report. J Vet Sci 2020; 21:e1. [PMID: 31940680 PMCID: PMC7000891 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor incidence in wild mammals is reportedly very low. Wild nutria, a large rodent, is known to carry many infectious diseases, but rarely exhibits neoplastic diseases. We necropsied a male wild nutria and found a large nodular mass in the left inguinal region, adjacent to the penis. Histopathologically, the mass was diagnosed as preputial gland adenoma. Spontaneous preputial gland adenomas are extremely rare in all animals. Moreover, reports of tumors in nutrias have been limited to adenocarcinomas of the lungs and uterus, as well as subcutaneous fibromas. Here, we describe preputial gland adenoma in a wild nutria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Yeon Kong
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Hyo Seok Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Seong Chan Yeon
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jin Kyu Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Kyu Shik Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Il Hwa Hong
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.,Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
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27
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Gao Y, Chen X, Li C, Wang H, Tian J, Fu F. Toxicological evaluation of, red rice yeast extract, Xuezhikang: Acute, 26-week chronic and genotoxicity studies. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 114:104654. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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28
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Nakano-Narusawa Y, Yokohira M, Yamakawa K, Saoo K, Imaida K, Matsuda Y. Single Intratracheal Quartz Instillation Induced Chronic Inflammation and Tumourigenesis in Rat Lungs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6647. [PMID: 32313071 PMCID: PMC7170867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63667-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystalline silica (quartz) is known to induce silicosis and cancer in the lungs. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between quartz-induced chronic inflammation and lung carcinogenesis in rat lungs after a single exposure to quartz. F344 rats were treated with a single intratracheal instillation (i.t.) of quartz (4 mg/rat), and control rats were treated with a single i.t. of saline. After 52 or 96 weeks, the animals were sacrificed, and the lungs and other organs were used for analyses. Quartz particles were observed in the lungs of all quartz-treated rats. According to our scoring system, the lungs of rats treated with quartz had higher scores for infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophils, oedema, fibrosis, and granuloma than the lungs of control rats. After 96 weeks, the quartz-treated rats had higher incidences of adenoma (85.7%) and adenocarcinoma (81.0%) than control rats (20% and 20%, respectively). Quartz-treated and control rats did not show lung neoplastic lesions at 52 weeks after treatment. The number of lung neoplastic lesions per rat positively correlated with the degree of macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration, oedema, fibrosis, and lymph follicle formation around the bronchioles. In conclusion, single i.t. of quartz may induce lung cancer in rat along with chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Nakano-Narusawa
- Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defence, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Masanao Yokohira
- Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defence, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamakawa
- Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defence, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Kousuke Saoo
- Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defence, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
- Kaisei General Hospital, Kagawa, 762-0007, Japan
| | - Katsumi Imaida
- Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defence, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Yoko Matsuda
- Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defence, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.
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29
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Leonel ECR, Campos SGP, Bedolo CMB, Guerra LHA, Vilamaior PSL, Calmon MF, Rahal P, Amorim CA, Taboga SR. Perinatal exposure to bisphenol A impacts in the mammary gland morphology of adult Mongolian gerbils. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 113:104374. [PMID: 31917966 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The endocrine disruptive effects caused by bisphenol A (BPA) are well known. Despite this, to date, evaluation of its long term effects is limited, meaning that there is still much to be unveiled in terms of alterations caused by perinatal exposure to BPA. Our aim was to determine if perinatal exposure to two different doses of BPA causes long term morphological and molecular alteration effects in the mammary gland (MG). We evaluated MG from Mongolian gerbil offspring exposed perinatally (during gestation and lactation) to 50 or 5000 μg/kg/day BPA. At 90 days of age the animals were subjected to a single dose of N-nitroso-N-methylurea in order to mimic a carcinogenic environment. At 6 months of age, animals in estrous were euthanized for morphological evaluation of the MGs. The MG architecture presented considerable changes in terms of detached epithelial cells, inflammation, glandular hyperplasia, and collagen fiber deposition. Furthermore, a higher index of epithelial cell proliferation was detected in comparison to the intact control group. In addition, we verified a higher molecular expression of EZH2 in the vehicle treated group, indicating that corn oil applied alone can alter the expression of this epigenetic biomarker. In conclusion, BPA perinatal exposure promotes significant changes in glandular cytoarchitecture and increases glandular epithelium proliferation rate, leading to the retention of stem-like properties. This event could compromise the fate and differentiation potential of mammary epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Cristina Rivas Leonel
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvana Gisele Pegorin Campos
- Federal University of São João del Rei, Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu, Avenida Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, Bairro Chanadour, 35501-296 Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carolina Marques Baraldi Bedolo
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Alves Guerra
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Simone Leite Vilamaior
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilia Freitas Calmon
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christiani Andrade Amorim
- Laboratory of Gynecology, Institute of Experimental and Clinique Research, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Mounier 52, bte B1.52.02, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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30
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Okado N, Sugi M, Kasamoto S, Mizuhashi F, Roberts A, Danielewska‐Nikiel B, Sulaiman C, Pham S. Safety evaluation of arabinase (arabinan endo-1,5-α-L-arabinanase) from Aspergillus tubingensis. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:456-478. [PMID: 31993171 PMCID: PMC6977434 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabinase is an enzyme recognized for its ability to degrade arabinan, a plant cell wall constituent. It has been applied in the food industry most commonly for juice processing. One commercial source of arabinase is Aspergillus tubingensis (A. tubingensis), a black Aspergillus species. Given the intended use in food for human consumption, and noting its potential presence at trace levels in finished products, a series of safety studies including in vitro Ames and chromosome aberration assays, in vivo mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus and alkaline comet assays, and a 90-day rat oral toxicity study were conducted. No test article-related mutagenic activity was observed in the Ames assay. Although positive activity was observed in the chromosome aberration assay, this was not replicated in the in vivo genotoxicity assays including in preabsorptive cells. In the subchronic toxicity study, no test article-related adverse effects were observed following oral administration of arabinase at doses of 15.3, 153, or 1,530 mg total organic solids (TOS)/kg body weight/day to Sprague Dawley rats. The no-observed-adverse-effect level was considered to be the highest dose tested (1,530 mg TOS/kg body weight/day). The results of the genotoxicity studies and the subchronic toxicity study support the safe use of arabinase from A. tubingensis in food production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mai Sugi
- Biosafety Research Center, Foods, Drugs, and Pesticides (currently BioSafety Research Center Inc.)ShizuokaJapan
| | - Sawako Kasamoto
- Biosafety Research Center, Foods, Drugs, and Pesticides (currently BioSafety Research Center Inc.)ShizuokaJapan
| | - Fukutaro Mizuhashi
- Biosafety Research Center, Foods, Drugs, and Pesticides (currently BioSafety Research Center Inc.)ShizuokaJapan
| | - Ashley Roberts
- Intertek Scientific and Regulatory ConsultancyMississaugaONCanada
| | | | | | - Sa Pham
- Intertek Scientific and Regulatory ConsultancyMississaugaONCanada
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31
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Elmore SA, Cardiff R, Cesta MF, Gkoutos GV, Hoehndorf R, Keenan CM, McKerlie C, Schofield PN, Sundberg JP, Ward JM. A Review of Current Standards and the Evolution of Histopathology Nomenclature for Laboratory Animals. ILAR J 2019; 59:29-39. [PMID: 30476141 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ily005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The need for international collaboration in rodent pathology has evolved since the 1970s and was initially driven by the new field of toxicologic pathology. First initiated by the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer for rodents, it has evolved to include pathology of the major species (rats, mice, guinea pigs, nonhuman primates, pigs, dogs, fish, rabbits) used in medical research, safety assessment, and mouse pathology. The collaborative effort today is driven by the needs of the regulatory agencies in multiple countries, and by needs of research involving genetically engineered animals, for "basic" research and for more translational preclinical models of human disease. These efforts led to the establishment of an international rodent pathology nomenclature program. Since that time, multiple collaborations for standardization of laboratory animal pathology nomenclature and diagnostic criteria have been developed, and just a few are described herein. Recently, approaches to a nomenclature that is amenable to sophisticated computation have been made available and implemented for large-scale programs in functional genomics and aging. Most terminologies continue to evolve as the science of human and veterinary pathology continues to develop, but standardization and successful implementation remain critical for scientific communication now as ever in the history of veterinary nosology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Elmore
- Susan A. Elmore, MS, DVM, DCVP, DABT, FIATP, is NTP Pathologist and Staff Scientist at the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in the Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Robert D. Cardiff, MD, PhD, is Distinguished Professor of Pathology, Emeritus at the UCD Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Davis, in Davis, California. Mark F. Cesta, DVM, PhD, DACVP, is NTP Pathologist and Staff Scientist, leading the effort for establishment of the online NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas at the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in the Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Georgios V. Gkoutos, PhD, DIC, is Professor of Clinical Bioinformatics at College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham in Birmingham, United Kingdom. Robert Hoehndorf, PhD, is Assistant Professor in Computer Science at the Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology in Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Charlotte M. Keenan, VMD, DACVP, is a principle consultant at C.M. ToxPath Consulting in Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA and leads the international STP effort for the publication of the harmonization of nomenclature and diagnostic criteria (INHAND) in toxicologic pathology. Colin McKerlie, DVM, DVSc, MRCVS, is a senior associate scientist in the Translational Medicine Research Program at The Hospital for Sick Children and a Professor in the Department of Pathobiology & Laboratory Medicine in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Paul N. Schofield, MA DPhil, is the University Reader in Biomedical Informatics at the Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge in Cambridge, United Kingdom and is also an adjunct professor at The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine. John P. Sundberg, DVM, PhD, DACVP, is a professor at The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine. Jerrold M. Ward, DVM, PhD, DACVP, FIATP, is a special volunteer at the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, MD and is also Adjunct Faculty at The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine
| | - Robert Cardiff
- Susan A. Elmore, MS, DVM, DCVP, DABT, FIATP, is NTP Pathologist and Staff Scientist at the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in the Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Robert D. Cardiff, MD, PhD, is Distinguished Professor of Pathology, Emeritus at the UCD Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Davis, in Davis, California. Mark F. Cesta, DVM, PhD, DACVP, is NTP Pathologist and Staff Scientist, leading the effort for establishment of the online NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas at the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in the Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Georgios V. Gkoutos, PhD, DIC, is Professor of Clinical Bioinformatics at College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham in Birmingham, United Kingdom. Robert Hoehndorf, PhD, is Assistant Professor in Computer Science at the Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology in Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Charlotte M. Keenan, VMD, DACVP, is a principle consultant at C.M. ToxPath Consulting in Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA and leads the international STP effort for the publication of the harmonization of nomenclature and diagnostic criteria (INHAND) in toxicologic pathology. Colin McKerlie, DVM, DVSc, MRCVS, is a senior associate scientist in the Translational Medicine Research Program at The Hospital for Sick Children and a Professor in the Department of Pathobiology & Laboratory Medicine in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Paul N. Schofield, MA DPhil, is the University Reader in Biomedical Informatics at the Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge in Cambridge, United Kingdom and is also an adjunct professor at The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine. John P. Sundberg, DVM, PhD, DACVP, is a professor at The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine. Jerrold M. Ward, DVM, PhD, DACVP, FIATP, is a special volunteer at the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, MD and is also Adjunct Faculty at The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine
| | - Mark F Cesta
- Susan A. Elmore, MS, DVM, DCVP, DABT, FIATP, is NTP Pathologist and Staff Scientist at the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in the Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Robert D. Cardiff, MD, PhD, is Distinguished Professor of Pathology, Emeritus at the UCD Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Davis, in Davis, California. Mark F. Cesta, DVM, PhD, DACVP, is NTP Pathologist and Staff Scientist, leading the effort for establishment of the online NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas at the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in the Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Georgios V. Gkoutos, PhD, DIC, is Professor of Clinical Bioinformatics at College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham in Birmingham, United Kingdom. Robert Hoehndorf, PhD, is Assistant Professor in Computer Science at the Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology in Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Charlotte M. Keenan, VMD, DACVP, is a principle consultant at C.M. ToxPath Consulting in Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA and leads the international STP effort for the publication of the harmonization of nomenclature and diagnostic criteria (INHAND) in toxicologic pathology. Colin McKerlie, DVM, DVSc, MRCVS, is a senior associate scientist in the Translational Medicine Research Program at The Hospital for Sick Children and a Professor in the Department of Pathobiology & Laboratory Medicine in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Paul N. Schofield, MA DPhil, is the University Reader in Biomedical Informatics at the Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge in Cambridge, United Kingdom and is also an adjunct professor at The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine. John P. Sundberg, DVM, PhD, DACVP, is a professor at The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine. Jerrold M. Ward, DVM, PhD, DACVP, FIATP, is a special volunteer at the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, MD and is also Adjunct Faculty at The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine
| | - Georgios V Gkoutos
- Susan A. Elmore, MS, DVM, DCVP, DABT, FIATP, is NTP Pathologist and Staff Scientist at the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in the Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Robert D. Cardiff, MD, PhD, is Distinguished Professor of Pathology, Emeritus at the UCD Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Davis, in Davis, California. Mark F. Cesta, DVM, PhD, DACVP, is NTP Pathologist and Staff Scientist, leading the effort for establishment of the online NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas at the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in the Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Georgios V. Gkoutos, PhD, DIC, is Professor of Clinical Bioinformatics at College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham in Birmingham, United Kingdom. Robert Hoehndorf, PhD, is Assistant Professor in Computer Science at the Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology in Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Charlotte M. Keenan, VMD, DACVP, is a principle consultant at C.M. ToxPath Consulting in Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA and leads the international STP effort for the publication of the harmonization of nomenclature and diagnostic criteria (INHAND) in toxicologic pathology. Colin McKerlie, DVM, DVSc, MRCVS, is a senior associate scientist in the Translational Medicine Research Program at The Hospital for Sick Children and a Professor in the Department of Pathobiology & Laboratory Medicine in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Paul N. Schofield, MA DPhil, is the University Reader in Biomedical Informatics at the Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge in Cambridge, United Kingdom and is also an adjunct professor at The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine. John P. Sundberg, DVM, PhD, DACVP, is a professor at The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine. Jerrold M. Ward, DVM, PhD, DACVP, FIATP, is a special volunteer at the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, MD and is also Adjunct Faculty at The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine
| | - Robert Hoehndorf
- Susan A. Elmore, MS, DVM, DCVP, DABT, FIATP, is NTP Pathologist and Staff Scientist at the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in the Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Robert D. Cardiff, MD, PhD, is Distinguished Professor of Pathology, Emeritus at the UCD Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Davis, in Davis, California. Mark F. Cesta, DVM, PhD, DACVP, is NTP Pathologist and Staff Scientist, leading the effort for establishment of the online NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas at the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in the Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Georgios V. Gkoutos, PhD, DIC, is Professor of Clinical Bioinformatics at College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham in Birmingham, United Kingdom. Robert Hoehndorf, PhD, is Assistant Professor in Computer Science at the Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology in Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Charlotte M. Keenan, VMD, DACVP, is a principle consultant at C.M. ToxPath Consulting in Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA and leads the international STP effort for the publication of the harmonization of nomenclature and diagnostic criteria (INHAND) in toxicologic pathology. Colin McKerlie, DVM, DVSc, MRCVS, is a senior associate scientist in the Translational Medicine Research Program at The Hospital for Sick Children and a Professor in the Department of Pathobiology & Laboratory Medicine in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Paul N. Schofield, MA DPhil, is the University Reader in Biomedical Informatics at the Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge in Cambridge, United Kingdom and is also an adjunct professor at The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine. John P. Sundberg, DVM, PhD, DACVP, is a professor at The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine. Jerrold M. Ward, DVM, PhD, DACVP, FIATP, is a special volunteer at the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, MD and is also Adjunct Faculty at The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine
| | - Charlotte M Keenan
- Susan A. Elmore, MS, DVM, DCVP, DABT, FIATP, is NTP Pathologist and Staff Scientist at the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in the Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Robert D. Cardiff, MD, PhD, is Distinguished Professor of Pathology, Emeritus at the UCD Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Davis, in Davis, California. Mark F. Cesta, DVM, PhD, DACVP, is NTP Pathologist and Staff Scientist, leading the effort for establishment of the online NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas at the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in the Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Georgios V. Gkoutos, PhD, DIC, is Professor of Clinical Bioinformatics at College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham in Birmingham, United Kingdom. Robert Hoehndorf, PhD, is Assistant Professor in Computer Science at the Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology in Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Charlotte M. Keenan, VMD, DACVP, is a principle consultant at C.M. ToxPath Consulting in Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA and leads the international STP effort for the publication of the harmonization of nomenclature and diagnostic criteria (INHAND) in toxicologic pathology. Colin McKerlie, DVM, DVSc, MRCVS, is a senior associate scientist in the Translational Medicine Research Program at The Hospital for Sick Children and a Professor in the Department of Pathobiology & Laboratory Medicine in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Paul N. Schofield, MA DPhil, is the University Reader in Biomedical Informatics at the Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge in Cambridge, United Kingdom and is also an adjunct professor at The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine. John P. Sundberg, DVM, PhD, DACVP, is a professor at The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine. Jerrold M. Ward, DVM, PhD, DACVP, FIATP, is a special volunteer at the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, MD and is also Adjunct Faculty at The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine
| | - Colin McKerlie
- Susan A. Elmore, MS, DVM, DCVP, DABT, FIATP, is NTP Pathologist and Staff Scientist at the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in the Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Robert D. Cardiff, MD, PhD, is Distinguished Professor of Pathology, Emeritus at the UCD Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Davis, in Davis, California. Mark F. Cesta, DVM, PhD, DACVP, is NTP Pathologist and Staff Scientist, leading the effort for establishment of the online NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas at the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in the Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Georgios V. Gkoutos, PhD, DIC, is Professor of Clinical Bioinformatics at College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham in Birmingham, United Kingdom. Robert Hoehndorf, PhD, is Assistant Professor in Computer Science at the Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology in Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Charlotte M. Keenan, VMD, DACVP, is a principle consultant at C.M. ToxPath Consulting in Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA and leads the international STP effort for the publication of the harmonization of nomenclature and diagnostic criteria (INHAND) in toxicologic pathology. Colin McKerlie, DVM, DVSc, MRCVS, is a senior associate scientist in the Translational Medicine Research Program at The Hospital for Sick Children and a Professor in the Department of Pathobiology & Laboratory Medicine in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Paul N. Schofield, MA DPhil, is the University Reader in Biomedical Informatics at the Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge in Cambridge, United Kingdom and is also an adjunct professor at The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine. John P. Sundberg, DVM, PhD, DACVP, is a professor at The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine. Jerrold M. Ward, DVM, PhD, DACVP, FIATP, is a special volunteer at the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, MD and is also Adjunct Faculty at The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine
| | - Paul N Schofield
- Susan A. Elmore, MS, DVM, DCVP, DABT, FIATP, is NTP Pathologist and Staff Scientist at the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in the Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Robert D. Cardiff, MD, PhD, is Distinguished Professor of Pathology, Emeritus at the UCD Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Davis, in Davis, California. Mark F. Cesta, DVM, PhD, DACVP, is NTP Pathologist and Staff Scientist, leading the effort for establishment of the online NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas at the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in the Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Georgios V. Gkoutos, PhD, DIC, is Professor of Clinical Bioinformatics at College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham in Birmingham, United Kingdom. Robert Hoehndorf, PhD, is Assistant Professor in Computer Science at the Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology in Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Charlotte M. Keenan, VMD, DACVP, is a principle consultant at C.M. ToxPath Consulting in Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA and leads the international STP effort for the publication of the harmonization of nomenclature and diagnostic criteria (INHAND) in toxicologic pathology. Colin McKerlie, DVM, DVSc, MRCVS, is a senior associate scientist in the Translational Medicine Research Program at The Hospital for Sick Children and a Professor in the Department of Pathobiology & Laboratory Medicine in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Paul N. Schofield, MA DPhil, is the University Reader in Biomedical Informatics at the Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge in Cambridge, United Kingdom and is also an adjunct professor at The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine. John P. Sundberg, DVM, PhD, DACVP, is a professor at The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine. Jerrold M. Ward, DVM, PhD, DACVP, FIATP, is a special volunteer at the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, MD and is also Adjunct Faculty at The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine
| | - John P Sundberg
- Susan A. Elmore, MS, DVM, DCVP, DABT, FIATP, is NTP Pathologist and Staff Scientist at the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in the Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Robert D. Cardiff, MD, PhD, is Distinguished Professor of Pathology, Emeritus at the UCD Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Davis, in Davis, California. Mark F. Cesta, DVM, PhD, DACVP, is NTP Pathologist and Staff Scientist, leading the effort for establishment of the online NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas at the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in the Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Georgios V. Gkoutos, PhD, DIC, is Professor of Clinical Bioinformatics at College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham in Birmingham, United Kingdom. Robert Hoehndorf, PhD, is Assistant Professor in Computer Science at the Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology in Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Charlotte M. Keenan, VMD, DACVP, is a principle consultant at C.M. ToxPath Consulting in Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA and leads the international STP effort for the publication of the harmonization of nomenclature and diagnostic criteria (INHAND) in toxicologic pathology. Colin McKerlie, DVM, DVSc, MRCVS, is a senior associate scientist in the Translational Medicine Research Program at The Hospital for Sick Children and a Professor in the Department of Pathobiology & Laboratory Medicine in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Paul N. Schofield, MA DPhil, is the University Reader in Biomedical Informatics at the Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge in Cambridge, United Kingdom and is also an adjunct professor at The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine. John P. Sundberg, DVM, PhD, DACVP, is a professor at The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine. Jerrold M. Ward, DVM, PhD, DACVP, FIATP, is a special volunteer at the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, MD and is also Adjunct Faculty at The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine
| | - Jerrold M Ward
- Susan A. Elmore, MS, DVM, DCVP, DABT, FIATP, is NTP Pathologist and Staff Scientist at the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in the Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Robert D. Cardiff, MD, PhD, is Distinguished Professor of Pathology, Emeritus at the UCD Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Davis, in Davis, California. Mark F. Cesta, DVM, PhD, DACVP, is NTP Pathologist and Staff Scientist, leading the effort for establishment of the online NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas at the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in the Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Georgios V. Gkoutos, PhD, DIC, is Professor of Clinical Bioinformatics at College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham in Birmingham, United Kingdom. Robert Hoehndorf, PhD, is Assistant Professor in Computer Science at the Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology in Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Charlotte M. Keenan, VMD, DACVP, is a principle consultant at C.M. ToxPath Consulting in Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA and leads the international STP effort for the publication of the harmonization of nomenclature and diagnostic criteria (INHAND) in toxicologic pathology. Colin McKerlie, DVM, DVSc, MRCVS, is a senior associate scientist in the Translational Medicine Research Program at The Hospital for Sick Children and a Professor in the Department of Pathobiology & Laboratory Medicine in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Paul N. Schofield, MA DPhil, is the University Reader in Biomedical Informatics at the Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge in Cambridge, United Kingdom and is also an adjunct professor at The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine. John P. Sundberg, DVM, PhD, DACVP, is a professor at The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine. Jerrold M. Ward, DVM, PhD, DACVP, FIATP, is a special volunteer at the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, MD and is also Adjunct Faculty at The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine
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Turner OC, Aeffner F, Bangari DS, High W, Knight B, Forest T, Cossic B, Himmel LE, Rudmann DG, Bawa B, Muthuswamy A, Aina OH, Edmondson EF, Saravanan C, Brown DL, Sing T, Sebastian MM. Society of Toxicologic Pathology Digital Pathology and Image Analysis Special Interest Group Article*: Opinion on the Application of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning to Digital Toxicologic Pathology. Toxicol Pathol 2019; 48:277-294. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623319881401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Toxicologic pathology is transitioning from analog to digital methods. This transition seems inevitable due to a host of ongoing social and medical technological forces. Of these, artificial intelligence (AI) and in particular machine learning (ML) are globally disruptive, rapidly growing sectors of technology whose impact on the long-established field of histopathology is quickly being realized. The development of increasing numbers of algorithms, peering ever deeper into the histopathological space, has demonstrated to the scientific community that AI pathology platforms are now poised to truly impact the future of precision and personalized medicine. However, as with all great technological advances, there are implementation and adoption challenges. This review aims to define common and relevant AI and ML terminology, describe data generation and interpretation, outline current and potential future business cases, discuss validation and regulatory hurdles, and most importantly, propose how overcoming the challenges of this burgeoning technology may shape toxicologic pathology for years to come, enabling pathologists to contribute even more effectively to answering scientific questions and solving global health issues. [Box: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver C. Turner
- Novartis, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Preclinical Safety, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Famke Aeffner
- Amgen Inc, Research, Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Wanda High
- High Preclinical Pathology Consulting, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Brian Knight
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Nonclinical Drug Safety, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | | | - Brieuc Cossic
- Roche, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lauren E. Himmel
- Division of Animal Care, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Elijah F. Edmondson
- Pathology/Histotechnology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Chandrassegar Saravanan
- Novartis, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Preclinical Safety, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Tobias Sing
- Novartis, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, NIBR Informatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manu M. Sebastian
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, USA
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33
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Cetirizine and thalidomide synergistically inhibit mammary tumorigenesis and angiogenesis in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-treated rats. Anticancer Drugs 2019; 29:956-964. [PMID: 30134286 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cetirizine (CET) and thalidomide (THA) have been previously found to influence angiogenesis. The present study aimed to assess the ability of these drugs to influence mammary carcinogenesis in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty Sprague-Dawley female rats, aged 8 weeks, received 15 mg of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) intragastrically. CET and THA (1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg, respectively) were administered orally for 118 days after DMBA administration. At the end of the treatment period, mammary tumors were counted and weighed, and their morphology was analyzed using light microscopy. In tumor tissue, proliferation and apoptotic indices and microvessel density were determined using immunohistochemical techniques; the levels of angiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor, were measured by western blotting. RESULTS CET and THA, administered separately, failed to influence tumor formation and angiogenesis. In contrast, the drug combination decreased latency to first tumor (significant difference from vehicle-treated control and groups that received either drug alone, P<0.01) and significantly lowered tumor number per rat, number of malignant tumors per rat, tumor burden, and tumor number per tumor-bearing animal (P<0.05 or <0.01). In tissue of malignant tumors, the drug combination decreased the number of proliferating cells, microvessel density, and levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor and stimulated apoptosis (difference from all other groups, P<0.01). CONCLUSION It was shown for the first time that H1-antagonist and THA synergistically inhibit DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis; this effect was associated with a decrease in tumor angiogenesis. Further study of the anticancer and antiangiogenic activity of the combination may provide a new approach to breast cancer treatment.
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Camacho L, Lewis S, Vanlandingham M, Olson G, Davis K, Patton R, Twaddle N, Doerge D, Churchwell M, Bryant M, McLellen F, Woodling K, Felton R, Maisha M, Juliar B, Gamboa da Costa G, Delclos K. A two-year toxicology study of bisphenol A (BPA) in Sprague-Dawley rats: CLARITY-BPA core study results. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 132:110728. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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35
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Uribesalgo I, Hoffmann D, Zhang Y, Kavirayani A, Lazovic J, Berta J, Novatchkova M, Pai TP, Wimmer RA, László V, Schramek D, Karim R, Tortola L, Deswal S, Haas L, Zuber J, Szűcs M, Kuba K, Dome B, Cao Y, Haubner BJ, Penninger JM. Apelin inhibition prevents resistance and metastasis associated with anti-angiogenic therapy. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:e9266. [PMID: 31267692 PMCID: PMC6685079 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a hallmark of cancer, promoting growth and metastasis. Anti-angiogenic treatment has limited efficacy due to therapy-induced blood vessel alterations, often followed by local hypoxia, tumor adaptation, progression, and metastasis. It is therefore paramount to overcome therapy-induced resistance. We show that Apelin inhibition potently remodels the tumor microenvironment, reducing angiogenesis, and effectively blunting tumor growth. Functionally, targeting Apelin improves vessel function and reduces polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cell infiltration. Importantly, in mammary and lung cancer, Apelin prevents resistance to anti-angiogenic receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor therapy, reducing growth and angiogenesis in lung and breast cancer models without increased hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment. Apelin blockage also prevents RTK inhibitor-induced metastases, and high Apelin levels correlate with poor prognosis of anti-angiogenic therapy patients. These data identify a druggable anti-angiogenic drug target that reduces tumor blood vessel densities and normalizes the tumor vasculature to decrease metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Uribesalgo
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Hoffmann
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | | | - Jelena Lazovic
- VBCF Preclinical Imaging, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judit Berta
- Department of Tumor Biology, National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maria Novatchkova
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tsung-Pin Pai
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reiner A Wimmer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Viktória László
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Schramek
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rezaul Karim
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luigi Tortola
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sumit Deswal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Haas
- Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Zuber
- Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Miklós Szűcs
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Keiji Kuba
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria.,Department Biochemistry and Metabolic Science, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Balazs Dome
- Department of Tumor Biology, National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bernhard J Haubner
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology and Angiology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Medical Genetics, Life Science Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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36
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Furth N, Pateras IS, Rotkopf R, Vlachou V, Rivkin I, Schmitt I, Bakaev D, Gershoni A, Ainbinder E, Leshkowitz D, Johnson RL, Gorgoulis VG, Oren M, Aylon Y. LATS1 and LATS2 suppress breast cancer progression by maintaining cell identity and metabolic state. Life Sci Alliance 2018; 1:e201800171. [PMID: 30456386 PMCID: PMC6238411 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In luminal B tumors LATS2 depletion results in metabolic rewiring whereas LATS1 depletion promotes the expression of basal-like features. Deregulated activity of LArge Tumor Suppressor (LATS) tumor suppressors has broad implications on cellular and tissue homeostasis. We examined the consequences of down-regulation of either LATS1 or LATS2 in breast cancer. Consistent with their proposed tumor suppressive roles, expression of both paralogs was significantly down-regulated in human breast cancer, and loss of either paralog accelerated mammary tumorigenesis in mice. However, each paralog had a distinct impact on breast cancer. Thus, LATS2 depletion in luminal B tumors resulted in metabolic rewiring, with increased glycolysis and reduced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) signaling. Furthermore, pharmacological activation of PPARγ elicited LATS2-dependent death in luminal B-derived cells. In contrast, LATS1 depletion augmented cancer cell plasticity, skewing luminal B tumors towards increased expression of basal-like features, in association with increased resistance to hormone therapy. Hence, these two closely related paralogs play distinct roles in protection against breast cancer; tumors with reduced expression of either LATS1 or LATS2 may rewire signaling networks differently and thus respond differently to anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Furth
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ioannis S Pateras
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ron Rotkopf
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Faculty of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Vassiliki Vlachou
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Irina Rivkin
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ina Schmitt
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Deborah Bakaev
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anat Gershoni
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elena Ainbinder
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Faculty of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dena Leshkowitz
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Faculty of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Randy L Johnson
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Moshe Oren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yael Aylon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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37
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Cossic B, Hill JA, Cercone M, Southard T. Uterine carcinosarcoma (malignant mixed Müllerian tumor): case report in a goat and literature review. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018; 30:955-961. [PMID: 30345891 DOI: 10.1177/1040638718808341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinosarcomas are biphasic malignant tumors composed of 2 distinct neoplastic cell populations, epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells. A 13-y-old, female, mixed-breed goat was presented with a 1-wk history of anuria and lethargy. Transabdominal ultrasonography showed an irregular and heterogeneous structure in the region of the bladder and uterus and changes in the echogenicity of both kidneys. Given the poor prognosis, euthanasia was elected. Autopsy revealed a large mass within the uterine cervix and confirmed the changes in the urinary tract. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry revealed a mixed, anti-cytokeratin AE1/AE3-positive epithelial, and vimentin-positive mesenchymal neoplasm consistent with a homologous carcinosarcoma, also called malignant mixed Müllerian tumor, with areas of double-labeling. We highlight the complexity of the diagnosis of uterine neoplasms in domestic animals and in goats in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brieuc Cossic
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences (Cossic, Southard), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.,Clinical Sciences (Hill, Cercone), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Jacqueline A Hill
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences (Cossic, Southard), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.,Clinical Sciences (Hill, Cercone), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Marta Cercone
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences (Cossic, Southard), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.,Clinical Sciences (Hill, Cercone), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Teresa Southard
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences (Cossic, Southard), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.,Clinical Sciences (Hill, Cercone), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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38
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Tucker DK, Hayes Bouknight S, Brar SS, Kissling GE, Fenton SE. Evaluation of Prenatal Exposure to Bisphenol Analogues on Development and Long-Term Health of the Mammary Gland in Female Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2018; 126:087003. [PMID: 30102602 PMCID: PMC6108869 DOI: 10.1289/ehp3189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continued efforts to phase out bisphenol A (BPA) from consumer products have been met with the challenges of finding safer alternatives. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine whether early-life exposure to BPA and its related analogues, bisphenol AF (BPAF) and bisphenol S (BPS), could affect female pubertal mammary gland development and long-term mammary health in mice. METHODS Timed pregnant CD-1 mice were exposed to vehicle, BPA (0.5, 5, 50 mg/kg), BPAF (0.05, 0.5, 5 mg/kg), or BPS (0.05, 0.5, 5 mg/kg) via oral gavage between gestation days 10–17. Mammary glands were collected from resulting female offspring at postnatal day (PND) 20, 28, 35, and 56, and at 3, 8, and 14 months for whole mount, histopathological evaluation, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR); serum steroid concentrations were also measured at these time points. RESULTS In the bisphenol-exposed mice, accelerated mammary gland development was evident during early puberty and persisted into adulthood. By late adulthood, mammary glands from bisphenol-exposed female offspring exhibited adverse morphology in comparison with controls; most prominent were undifferentiated duct ends, significantly more lobuloalveolar hyperplasia and perivascular inflammation, and various tumors, including adenocarcinomas. Effects were especially prominent in the BPAF 5 mg/kg and BPS 0.5 mg/kg groups. Serum steroid concentrations and mammary mRNA levels of Esr1, Pgr, Ar, and Gper1 were similar to controls. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that prenatal exposure of mice to BPAF or BPS induced precocious development of the mammary gland, and that siblings were significantly more susceptible to spontaneous preneoplastic epithelial lesions and inflammation, with an incidence greater than that observed in vehicle- and BPA-exposed animals. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3189.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre K Tucker
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), NTP Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institute of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Sukhdev S Brar
- DNTP, Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Grace E Kissling
- Division of Intramural Research, Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Suzanne E Fenton
- Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), NTP Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institute of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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39
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Ramos MF, Baker J, Atzpodien EA, Bach U, Brassard J, Cartwright J, Farman C, Fishman C, Jacobsen M, Junker-Walker U, Kuper F, Moreno MCR, Rittinghausen S, Schafer K, Tanaka K, Teixeira L, Yoshizawa K, Zhang H. Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Ratand Mouse Special Sense Organs(Ocular [eye and glands], Olfactory and Otic). J Toxicol Pathol 2018; 31:97S-214S. [PMID: 30158741 PMCID: PMC6108092 DOI: 10.1293/tox.31.97s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Baker
- Member of eye subgroup
- Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Ute Bach
- Member of eye subgroup
- Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Cindy Fishman
- Member of eye subgroup
- Member of glands of the eye subgroup
- GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Frieke Kuper
- Member of olfactory subgroup
- Retired; formerly The Netherlands Organization for Applied
Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ken Schafer
- Member of eye subgroup
- Member of otic subgroup
- Vet Path Services, Inc., Mason, OH, USA
| | - Kohji Tanaka
- Member of eye subgroup
- Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, Japan
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40
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Abstract
Sprague-Dawley rats are amongst the most widely used animals in biomedical research and malignant lymphoma has long been known to be a frequent neoplasm in these animals. A 9-month-old male control Sprague-Dawley rat from a toxicity study showed gelatinous material in the cranial cavity and dark, thickened cerebral meninges at necropsy. At microscopic evaluation of the temporal bone, neoplastic lymphocytes were seen invading several structures of the middle ear. The neoplastic cells appeared to extend from the marrow of the temporal bone, covered the dorsal part of the tympanic cavity wall, and surrounded and infiltrated the base of the tensor tympani muscle as well as the chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve. The lymphoma was generalized; neoplastic lymphocytes were also noted in numerous other tissues. Literature regarding neoplasms of the middle and inner ear in animals is scarce and, to our knowledge, this is the first report of a lymphoma involving the middle ear of a rat.
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41
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Hollern DP, Swiatnicki MR, Andrechek ER. Histological subtypes of mouse mammary tumors reveal conserved relationships to human cancers. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007135. [PMID: 29346386 PMCID: PMC5773092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human breast cancer has been characterized by extensive transcriptional heterogeneity, with dominant patterns reflected in the intrinsic subtypes. Mouse models of breast cancer also have heterogeneous transcriptomes and we noted that specific histological subtypes were associated with particular subsets. We hypothesized that unique sets of genes define each tumor histological type across mouse models of breast cancer. Using mouse models that contained both gene expression data and expert pathologist classification of tumor histology on a sample by sample basis, we predicted and validated gene expression signatures for Papillary, EMT, Microacinar and other histological subtypes. These signatures predict known histological events across murine breast cancer models and identify counterparts of mouse mammary tumor types in subtypes of human breast cancer. Importantly, the EMT, Adenomyoepithelial, and Solid signatures were predictive of clinical events in human breast cancer. In addition, a pan-cancer comparison revealed that the histological signatures were active in a variety of human cancers such as lung, oral, and esophageal squamous tumors. Finally, the differentiation status and transcriptional activity implicit within these signatures was identified. These data reveal that within tumor histology groups are unique gene expression profiles of differentiation and pathway activity that stretch well beyond the transgenic initiating events and that have clear applicability to human cancers. As a result, our work provides a predictive resource and insights into possible mechanisms that govern tumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Hollern
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Matthew R. Swiatnicki
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Eran R. Andrechek
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
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42
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Ito T, Yoshida T, Soma K, Katoh Y, Shimada Y, Ohnuma-Koyama A, Takahashi N, Okazaki Y, Shiga A, Kuwahara M, Harada T. A spontaneous myoepithelial carcinoma in the mammary gland of an aged female ICR (CD-1) mouse. J Toxicol Pathol 2017; 30:245-250. [PMID: 28798533 PMCID: PMC5545678 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2016-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a female Crlj:CD1(ICR) mouse with a spontaneous mammary gland tumor composed of biphasic tumor cells, i.e., epithelioid and spindle-shaped myoepithelial cells. Macroscopically, a subcutaneous mass, approximately 3 cm in diameter was found in the lumbodorsal region. Histopathologically, the epithelioid cells proliferated in an alveolar or nest-like growth pattern, occasionally forming glandular-like structures. On the other hand, the spindle-shaped cells proliferated in a sarcomatous pattern. Normal mammary gland was observed in the vicinity of the tumor. Both types of tumor cells showed immunoreactivity for cytokeratin (wide spectrum screening), vimentin, S100, and p63. In addition, the epithelioid cells and spindle-shaped cells were immunopositive for glial fibrillary acidic protein and smooth muscle actin, respectively. Moderate atypia, high proliferative activity, massive necrosis, and partial infiltration to the surrounding tissues were also observed. We made a diagnosis of myoepithelial carcinoma, which is extremely rare in ICR mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Ito
- The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, 4321 Uchimoriya-machi, Joso-shi, Ibaraki 303-0043, Japan
| | - Toshinori Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo183-8509, Japan
| | - Katsumi Soma
- The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, 4321 Uchimoriya-machi, Joso-shi, Ibaraki 303-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Katoh
- The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, 4321 Uchimoriya-machi, Joso-shi, Ibaraki 303-0043, Japan
| | - Yuko Shimada
- The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, 4321 Uchimoriya-machi, Joso-shi, Ibaraki 303-0043, Japan
| | - Aya Ohnuma-Koyama
- The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, 4321 Uchimoriya-machi, Joso-shi, Ibaraki 303-0043, Japan
| | - Naofumi Takahashi
- The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, 4321 Uchimoriya-machi, Joso-shi, Ibaraki 303-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Okazaki
- The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, 4321 Uchimoriya-machi, Joso-shi, Ibaraki 303-0043, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shiga
- The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, 4321 Uchimoriya-machi, Joso-shi, Ibaraki 303-0043, Japan
| | - Maki Kuwahara
- The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, 4321 Uchimoriya-machi, Joso-shi, Ibaraki 303-0043, Japan
| | - Takanori Harada
- The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, 4321 Uchimoriya-machi, Joso-shi, Ibaraki 303-0043, Japan
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43
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Yasuda M, Ogura T, Goto T, Yagoto M, Kamai Y, Shimomura C, Hayashimoto N, Kiyokawa Y, Shinohara H, Takahashi R, Kawai K. Incidence of spontaneous lymphomas in non-experimental NOD/Shi-scid, IL-2Rγ null (NOG) mice. Exp Anim 2017; 66:425-435. [PMID: 28679969 PMCID: PMC5682355 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.17-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Severely immunodeficient NOD/Shi-scid, IL-2Rγnull (NOG) mice provide an in vivo model for human cell/tissue transplantation studies. NOG mice were established by combining interleukin-2 receptor-γ chain knockout mice and NOD/Shi-scid mice. They exhibit a high incidence of thymic lymphomas and immunoglobulin (Ig) leakiness. In this study, we assessed the incidence of malignant lymphomas and the occurrence of leakiness in 2,184 non-experimental NOG retired breeder mice aged 16-40 weeks. We established that the total incidence of lymphomas was only 0.60% (13/2,184). Most lymphomas (10/13) occurred in female mice by the age of around 25 weeks. No mice developed Ig leakiness. All lymphomas were derived from the thymus, and consisted mainly of CD3-positive and CD45R-negative lymphoblastic-like cells. Therefore, based on the absence of Ig leakiness and a very low incidence of lymphomas, including thymic lymphomas, NOG mice may be useful in regeneration medicine for xenotransplantation of human embryonic stem (ES) cells or induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, and in transplantation experiments involving tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Yasuda
- Pathology Analysis Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ogura
- Animal Resources Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Takayuki Goto
- Technical Service Department, CLEA Japan, Inc., 4839-23 Kitayama, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka 418-0112, Japan
| | - Mika Yagoto
- Pathology Analysis Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Yoko Kamai
- Pathology Analysis Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Chie Shimomura
- Technical Service Department, CLEA Japan, Inc., 4839-23 Kitayama, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka 418-0112, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Hayashimoto
- ICLAS Monitoring Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Yukito Kiyokawa
- Technical Service Department, CLEA Japan, Inc., 4839-23 Kitayama, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka 418-0112, Japan
| | - Hideki Shinohara
- Technical Service Department, CLEA Japan, Inc., 4839-23 Kitayama, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka 418-0112, Japan
| | - Riichi Takahashi
- Animal Resources Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawai
- Pathology Analysis Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
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44
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A two-year dietary carcinogenicity study of cyadox in Sprague-Dawley rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 87:9-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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45
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Santagostino SF, Arbona RJR, Nashat MA, White JR, Monette S. Pathology of Aging in NOD scid gamma Female Mice. Vet Pathol 2017; 54:855-869. [PMID: 28355107 DOI: 10.1177/0300985817698210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, NOD.Cg- Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG, NOD scid gamma) mice have become a model of choice in several areas of biomedical research; however, comprehensive data on their spontaneous age-related pathology are not currently available in the literature. The prevalence of spontaneous morbidity affecting aged NSG female breeders enrolled in a parasitology study was documented with classification of neoplastic and non-neoplastic (inflammatory, metabolic, degenerative) lesions. Malignant mammary neoplasms were most commonly diagnosed, often accompanied by pulmonary metastases, while a low frequency of lymphoma and histiocytic sarcoma was documented. The major inflammatory conditions were suppurative pleuropneumonia and bronchopneumonia with abscess formation, from which Pasteurella pneumotropica was commonly isolated, followed by otitis media. Both inflammatory and degenerative lesions of the genital tract were identified, along with neoplasms such as endometrial yolk sac carcinomas and granulosa cell tumors. Novel conditions identified included renal tubular degeneration and necrosis associated with 2 concurrent types of intranuclear inclusions, focal or multifocal hyperostosis of the skull, and neuroendocrine tumors of the mesometrium. The majority of degenerative lesions that affected the genital tract, endocrine, and skeletal systems did not represent the actual underlying cause of death but rather were considered incidental findings. This study indicates that both inflammatory and neoplastic conditions contribute to morbidity and mortality in experimentally manipulated aged female NSG mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara F Santagostino
- 1 Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, The Rockefeller University, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rodolfo J Ricart Arbona
- 2 Tri-Institutional Training Program in Laboratory Animal Medicine and Science, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, and The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,3 Center for Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa A Nashat
- 2 Tri-Institutional Training Program in Laboratory Animal Medicine and Science, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, and The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julie R White
- 1 Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, The Rockefeller University, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sebastien Monette
- 1 Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, The Rockefeller University, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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46
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Matsushita K, Toyoda T, Inoue K, Morikawa T, Sone M, Ogawa K. Spontaneous infarcted adenoma of the mammary gland in a Wistar Hannover GALAS rat. J Toxicol Pathol 2017; 30:57-62. [PMID: 28190925 PMCID: PMC5293692 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2016-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous massive infarction of mammary gland tumors has been reported to occur
infrequently in humans. A subcutaneous mass (18 × 17 × 10 mm) was observed in the right
axilla extending to the chest region of a 110-week-old female Wistar Hannover GALAS rat.
Histopathologically, a well-circumscribed mass with lobular structures was present in the
subcutis. Most of the mass was occupied by extensive coagulative necrosis of neoplastic
cells with relatively uniform acinar and ductal structures. Although each necrotic acinar
structure was separated by reticular fibers, periacinar stromal collagen fibers were not
abundant. Considering the site of occurrence and histological features, the necrotic
tissue was diagnosed as adenoma of the mammary gland. The necrotic region lacked
hemorrhage and obvious inflammatory cell infiltration, indicating the necrosis was caused
by infarction. Although multiple necrosis and focal infarction are occasionally observed
in large-sized tumors in rodents, especially in adenocarcinomas, the present case was
characteristic, with the massive infarction involving most parts of the tumor despite the
relatively small size and low atypia of neoplastic cells. This is a rare case of
spontaneous infarcted adenoma of the mammary gland in rats histologically resembling human
cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Matsushita
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Toyoda
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Kaoru Inoue
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Tomomi Morikawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Mizuki Sone
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo183-8509, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ogawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
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47
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Alvarado A, Faustino-Rocha AI, Colaço B, Oliveira PA. Experimental mammary carcinogenesis - Rat models. Life Sci 2017; 173:116-134. [PMID: 28188729 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mammary cancer is one of the most common cancers, victimizing more than half a million of women worldwide every year. Despite all the studies in this field, the current therapeutic approaches are not effective and have several devastating effects for patients. In this way, the need to better understand the mammary cancer biopathology and find effective therapies led to the development of several rodent models over years. With this review, the authors intended to provide the readers with an overview of the rat models used to study mammary carcinogenesis, with a special emphasis on chemically-induced models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonieta Alvarado
- Área de Patología, Decanato de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Centroccidental "Lisandro Alvarado", UCLA, Lara, Venezuela; Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana I Faustino-Rocha
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Bruno Colaço
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Zootechnics, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal.
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48
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Perinatal Exposure to Bisphenol A or Diethylstilbestrol Increases the Susceptibility to Develop Mammary Gland Lesions After Estrogen Replacement Therapy in Middle-Aged Rats. Discov Oncol 2017; 8:78-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s12672-016-0282-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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49
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Upton DH, Walters KA, Allavena RE, Jimenez M, Desai R, Handelsman DJ, Allan CM. Global or Granulosa Cell-Specific Pten Mutations in Combination with Elevated FSH Levels Fail to Cause Ovarian Tumours in Mice. Discov Oncol 2016; 7:316-326. [PMID: 27506975 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-016-0272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) is a known tumour suppressor. To explore the role of Pten in ovarian tumorigenesis, we used transgenic (Tg) SOX2. Cre and AMH. Cre mouse models to direct global Pten haploinsufficiency (Pten +/-) or ovary-specific granulosa cell (GC) Pten disruption (Pten GC ). Pten mutant models were combined with progressively rising Tg-follicle-stimulating hormone (TgFSH) levels to study the tumorigenic potential of combined genetic/endocrine modification in vivo. Global Pten +/- mice exhibited grossly detectable tumours in multiple organs including uterine and mammary tissue and displayed reduced survival. Despite extra-ovarian tumorigenesis, Pten +/- females had no detectable ovarian tumours, although elevated corpus luteum numbers increased ovary size and estrous cycling was altered. Combined TgFSH/Pten +/- mice also had no ovarian tumours, but early survival was reduced in the presence of TgFSH. Ovary-specific Pten GC ± TgFSH females exhibited no detectable ovarian or uterine tumours, and corpus luteum numbers and estrous cycling remained unchanged. The non-tumorigenic ovarian phenotypes in Pten +/- and Pten GC ± TgFSH mice support the proposal that multi-hit genetic mutations (including ovarian and extra-ovarian tissue) initiate ovarian tumours. Our findings suggest that elevated FSH may reduce early cancer survival; however, the ovary remains remarkably resistant to Pten-induced tumorigenic changes even in the presence of uterine and reproductive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dannielle H Upton
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2139, Australia.
| | - Kirsty A Walters
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2139, Australia
| | - Rachel E Allavena
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, QLD, Gatton, 4343, Australia
| | - Mark Jimenez
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2139, Australia
| | - Reena Desai
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2139, Australia
| | - David J Handelsman
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2139, Australia
| | - Charles M Allan
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2139, Australia
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50
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Rowald K, Mantovan M, Passos J, Buccitelli C, Mardin BR, Korbel JO, Jechlinger M, Sotillo R. Negative Selection and Chromosome Instability Induced by Mad2 Overexpression Delay Breast Cancer but Facilitate Oncogene-Independent Outgrowth. Cell Rep 2016; 15:2679-91. [PMID: 27292643 PMCID: PMC4920917 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome instability (CIN) is associated with poor survival and therapeutic outcome in a number of malignancies. Despite this correlation, CIN can also lead to growth disadvantages. Here, we show that simultaneous overexpression of the mitotic checkpoint protein Mad2 with KrasG12D or Her2 in mammary glands of adult mice results in mitotic checkpoint overactivation and a delay in tumor onset. Time-lapse imaging of organotypic cultures and pathologic analysis prior to tumor establishment reveals error-prone mitosis, mitotic arrest, and cell death. Nonetheless, Mad2 expression persists and increases karyotype complexity in Kras tumors. Faced with the selective pressure of oncogene withdrawal, Mad2-positive tumors have a higher frequency of developing persistent subclones that avoid remission and continue to grow. Mad2 overexpression leads to mitotic arrest, cell delamination, and cell death High Mad2 levels delay oncogene-induced mammary tumorigenesis Mad2 overexpression increases chromosome instability prior to and during tumor growth Elevated Mad2 levels facilitate the development of oncogene-independent subclones
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Rowald
- Mouse Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Via Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Martina Mantovan
- Mouse Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Via Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Joana Passos
- Mouse Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Via Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Christopher Buccitelli
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Balca R Mardin
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan O Korbel
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Jechlinger
- Mouse Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Via Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Rocio Sotillo
- Mouse Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Via Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; Division of Molecular Thoracic Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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