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Schnitter JM, Hauser J. The Value of Screening for a History of Incarceration in the Palliative Care Setting. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2024; 41:468-470. [PMID: 38556759 DOI: 10.1177/10499091231186400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The United States (US) has one of the highest rates of incarceration in the world. Due to the aging of the US population as a whole and limited opportunities for early release, the proportion of older people in prison continues to rise. Some correctional health systems have adopted geriatric and palliative care principles to better care for this aging population, many of whom die in prison. However, not everyone who grows old in prison will die behind bars. In this article, we explore existing literature that highlights the unique physical, cognitive, and psychosocial challenges that formerly incarcerated patients face. We proceed to argue that palliative care providers should screen for a history of incarceration to identify and address the needs of this patient population. We also offer strategies to create a safe, welcoming environment to discuss past traumas related to these patients' time in prison.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua Hauser
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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2
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Schaefer I, Heneka N, DiGiacomo M, Panozzo S, Phillips JL. The importance of developing palliative care quality indicators for the prison setting: why now, and next steps. BMC Palliat Care 2023; 22:69. [PMID: 37291537 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-023-01150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Palliative care is increasingly important in the prison setting, but information about the quality and accessibility of this care is extremely limited. Developing and implementing standardised quality indicators will provide transparency, accountability, and a platform for quality improvement at both local and national levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Heneka
- University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
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3
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Castner J, Stanislo K, Castner M, Monsen KA. Public health nursing workforce and learning needs: A national sample survey analysis. Public Health Nurs 2023; 40:339-352. [PMID: 36683284 PMCID: PMC10328423 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Generate national estimates of the public health nursing workforce's (1) demographic and work characteristics and (2) continuing education learning needs in the United States. DESIGN Secondary data analysis of the 2018 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses. SAMPLE Total 7352 of the 50,273 survey respondents were categorized as public health nurses (PHNs), representing an estimated 467,271 national workforce. MEASUREMENTS Survey items for demographics, practice setting, training topics, and language(s) spoken fluently were analyzed. RESULTS Workforce demographic characteristics are included. Mental health training was the most frequently endorsed topic by PHNs, followed by patient-centered care and evidence-based care. Training topic needs vary by practice setting. CONCLUSIONS Results here can be used as a needs assessment for national public health nursing professional development and education initiatives. Further research is needed to refine and survey a nationally representative sample in a manner meaningful to public health nursing practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Castner
- Administration, Castner Incorporated, Grand Island, New York
| | | | - Martin Castner
- Administration, Castner Incorporated, Grand Island, New York
- David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, College of Arts and Sciences, Castner Incorporated, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Karen A Monsen
- University of Minnesota School of Nursing, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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4
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Kaushik S, Currin-McCulloch J. Dying for a change: a systematic review of compassionate release policies. Int J Prison Health 2022; ahead-of-print:10.1108/IJPH-11-2021-0110. [PMID: 35751659 PMCID: PMC10141513 DOI: 10.1108/ijph-11-2021-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to systematically review literature to investigate trends in compassionate release policies, facility implementation, barriers at both the incarcerated individual and institutional levels, as well as gaps in the literature. The absence of uniform and appropriate policies to address suitable interventions at the end-of-life has aggravated the challenges and issues facing health-care systems within a correctional facility. A response to address and alleviate these barriers is policies related to compassionate release, a complex route that grants eligible inmates the opportunity to die in their community. Despite the existence of compassionate release policies, only 4% of requests to the Federal Bureau of Prisons are granted, with evidence demonstrating similarly low rates among numerous state prison systems, signifying the underuse of these procedures as a vital approach to decarceration. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH A systematic review was completed using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International Abstracts, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library, Education Resources Information Center, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Social Services Abstracts and Social Work Abstracts were searched from inception to March 2021. Inclusion criteria included: the compassionate release policy (or related policy) is implemented in the USA; reported qualitative and/or quantitative outcomes; and reported original data. FINDINGS Twenty studies formed the final data set. Data analysis revealed four main themes: language barriers, complexities of eligibility criteria, over-reliance on prognostication and social stigma. Barriers to inmates' access to compassionate release policies include unclear or technical language used in policy documents. Eligibility criteria appear to vary across the country, including disease prognoses and the ability to predict terminal declines in health, creating confusion amongst inmates, lawyers and review boards. Stigmas surrounding the rights of incarcerated individuals frequently influence policymakers who experience pressure to maintain a punitive stance to appease constituents, thus discouraging policies and interventions that promote the release of incarcerated individuals. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS Further research is vital to strengthen the understanding of compassionate release policies and related barriers associated with accessing various types of early parole. To promote social justice for this marginalized population, end-of-life interventions in corrections need to be consistently evaluated with outcomes that improve care for dying inmates. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Within correctional facilities, correctional health-care workers should play an integral role in influencing prison and medical staff attitudes toward dying inmates by providing an understanding of how to effectively support this vulnerable population. Social workers should participate in research that focuses on effective guidelines for correctional facilities to provide compassionate end-of-life care for inmates. SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS Racial disparities in the US criminal justice system are prevalent and well documented, as individuals of color are arrested far out of proportion to their share of all individuals in the USA. This particular population is thus challenged with poor access to and quality of health care in corrections. Correctional health-care workers can play an integral role in influencing policymakers, as well as prison and medical staff attitudes toward dying inmates by providing an understanding of how to effectively support this vulnerable population. ORIGINALITY/VALUE Currently, there are no published research articles that provide a systematic review of compassionate release policies in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Kaushik
- School of Social Work, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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5
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Kaushik S, Currin-McCulloch J. Louisiana State Penitentiary: A Textual Analysis of Correctional Staff Views on End-of-Life Care. JOURNAL OF CORRECTIONAL HEALTH CARE 2022; 28:220-226. [PMID: 35648043 DOI: 10.1089/jchc.20.09.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
As prison-based hospice programs are slowly implemented across the United States, scarce attention has been devoted to the views of correctional staff who provide essential end-of-life care to dying incarcerated individuals. These professionals must maneuver their diverse responsibilities and emotional perspectives to deliver compassionate care to a marginalized population. A textual analysis of narratives of correctional staff participating in the hospice program at Louisiana State Penitentiary was incorporated to explore the transformative experiences resulting from staff members' collaboration with incarcerated volunteers to dispense hospice-based care for critically ill incarcerated individuals. Prevalent themes focus on provider identity, role satisfaction, bonds with incarcerated individuals, and achieving care mandates. Future research should further examine end-of-life care provider narratives to effectively address the unmet needs of dying incarcerated individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Kaushik
- School of Social Work, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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6
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Christian AB, Grigorian A, Mo J, Yeates EO, Dolich M, Chin TL, Schubl SD, Kuza CM, Lekawa M, Nahmias J. Comparative Outcomes for Trauma Patients in Prison and the General Population. Am Surg 2022; 88:1954-1961. [PMID: 35282696 DOI: 10.1177/00031348221078984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prisoners are a vulnerable population, and there are few contemporary studies that consider trauma patient outcomes within the prisoner population. Therefore, we sought to provide a descriptive analysis of prisoners involved in trauma and evaluate whether a healthcare disparity exists. We hypothesized that prisoners and non-prisoners have a similar risk of mortality and in-hospital complications after trauma. METHODS The Trauma Quality Improvement Program (2015-2016) was queried for trauma patients based upon location inside or outside of prison at the time of injury. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to compare these groups for risk of mortality-the primary outcome. RESULTS From 593,818 trauma patients, 1115 were located in prison. Compared to non-prisoners, prisoner trauma patients had no significant difference in mortality (5.1 vs 6.0%, P = .204). However, after adjusting for covariates, prisoners had a shorter length of stay (LOS) (mean days, 6.3 vs 7.8, P < .001), shorter intensive care unit (ICU) LOS (mean days, 5.44 vs 5.89, P = .004), and fewer complications, including lower rates of drug/alcohol withdrawal (.4% vs 1.1%, P = .030), pneumonia (.5 vs 1.6%, P = .004), and urinary tract infections (.0 vs 1.1%, P < .001). Upon performing a multivariable logistic regression model, prisoner trauma patients had a similar associated risk of mortality compared to non-prisoners (OR 1.61, CI .52-4.94, P = .409). DISCUSSION Our results suggest that prisoner trauma patients at least receive equivalent treatment in terms of mortality and may have better outcomes when considering some complications. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm these results and explore other factors, which impact prisoner patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Christian
- Department of Surgery, 8788University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - A Grigorian
- Department of Surgery, 8788University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - J Mo
- Department of Surgery, 8788University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - E O Yeates
- Department of Surgery, 8788University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - M Dolich
- Department of Surgery, 8788University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - T L Chin
- Department of Surgery, 8788University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - S D Schubl
- Department of Surgery, 8788University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - C M Kuza
- Department of Anesthesia, 12223University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Lekawa
- Department of Surgery, 8788University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - J Nahmias
- Department of Surgery, 8788University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
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Douglas AD, Zaidi MY, Maatman TK, Choi JN, Meagher AD. Caring for Incarcerated Patients: Can it Ever be Equal? JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2021; 78:e154-e160. [PMID: 34284945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incarcerated patients represent one of the most vulnerable populations in the United States healthcare system. Studying disparities in care they receive, however, has been difficult due to a history of abuse at the hands of medical researchers rendering this population excluded from most current medical research. Due to incarceration, these patients are frequently maintained in shackles and under constant guard when receiving healthcare. There is a paucity of literature on the influence these measures exert on healthcare workers and the care they provide. Our study aimed to measure surgical trainee's perception of health inequities and disparities in incarcerated individuals undergoing surgical care. METHODS An anonymous cross-sectional survey was administered at our single institution to all general surgery trainees assessing perceptions in delivering care to incarcerated patients within our hospital system. The survey consisted of 10 items, nine of which were yes or no responses, and 1 open-ended text question. Survey results were averaged, and percentages were reported. RESULTS Of all current general surgery residents (n = 60), 40 (66%) completed the survey. Almost all respondents (n = 39, 97.5%) have cared for a patient that was incarcerated or in police custody. Most respondents (n = 25, 62.5%) have operated on an incarcerated patient with an armed guard present in the operating room. Similarly, most respondents (n = 26, 65%) have cared for a patient intubated and sedated that was shackled to a bed. The majority of respondents (n = 30, 75%) recalled incidents where a trauma patient was actively questioned by law enforcement during the primary/secondary survey during initial trauma evaluation. At the time of hospital discharge, a quarter (n = 10, 25%) of respondents reported being unable to prescribe all of the medications that a non-imprisoned patient would receive with the same condition. In addition, 18 (45%) respondents felt they were unable to arrange outpatient follow-up with physical or occupational therapy and/or the patient's primary/consulting physician due to patient's incarcerated status. Strikingly, half of respondents (n = 19, 47.5%) believed that the incarcerated patient received substandard care, and the majority of respondents (n = 28, 72%) agreed that the holding areas for incarcerated patients in the emergency room provide substandard patient care. CONCLUSIONS The current status of caring for incarcerated patients within our system represents an urgent and needed area for quality improvement. Surgical trainees report difficulty caring for these patients, and they perceive these individuals receive substandard care. Though our cross-sectional study did not assess the origin of this disparity, the challenges trainees face in caring for incarcerated patients, from assessment to diagnosis and treatment, as well as in follow-up signals an area requiring further research and study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Y Zaidi
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana`
| | - Thomas K Maatman
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana`
| | - Jennifer N Choi
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana`
| | - Ashley D Meagher
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana`.
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8
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Manz CR, Odayar VS, Schrag D. Disparities in cancer prevalence, incidence, and mortality for incarcerated and formerly incarcerated patients: A scoping review. Cancer Med 2021; 10:7277-7288. [PMID: 34477309 PMCID: PMC8525139 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racial and ethnic minority status, structural racism, low educational attainment, and poverty are consistently associated with cancer disparities and with higher rates of incarceration. The objective of this scoping review is to conduct a qualitative synthesis of the literature on cancer prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disparities in these outcomes for incarcerated and formerly incarcerated patients, as this literature is fragmented and heterogenous. METHODS This scoping review included Bureau of Justice Statistics reports and searched PubMed in May 2021 for all English language studies published between 1990 and 30 April 2021, that reported on cancer prevalence, incidence, or mortality for incarcerated or formerly incarcerated individuals in the United States. RESULTS Twenty studies were selected. Data on cancer prevalence and incidence were scarce but suggested that incarcerated and formerly incarcerated patients have a similar overall risk of cancer diagnosis as the general population, but elevated risk of certain cancers such as cervical, lung, colorectal, and hepatocellular carcinoma for which effective prevention and screening interventions exist. Cancer mortality data in state and local jails as well as prisons were robust and suggests that both incarcerated and formerly incarcerated patients have higher cancer mortality than the general population. CONCLUSIONS Incarcerated and formerly incarcerated patients likely have a higher risk of dying from cancer than the general population, but important gaps in our knowledge about the extent and drivers of disparities for this population remain. Additional research is needed to guide interventions to reduce cancer disparities for patients experiencing incarceration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Manz
- Division of Population SciencesDepartment of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | | | - Deborah Schrag
- Division of Population SciencesDepartment of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
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9
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McParland C, Johnston B. Caring, sharing, preparing and declaring: how do hospices support prisons to provide palliative and end of life care? A qualitative descriptive study using telephone interviews. Palliat Med 2021; 35:563-573. [PMID: 33302784 PMCID: PMC7975864 DOI: 10.1177/0269216320979194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults in prison have complex healthcare needs, and many will need palliative care before their sentence ends. Compared with prison-based hospices, little is known about the role played by community-based hospices in providing palliative care to people in prison. AIM To describe the roles Scottish hospices have adopted to support prisons to provide palliative care, and to discuss the international relevance of these findings in addressing the knowledge gap around community hospices supporting people in prison. DESIGN A qualitative descriptive study using semi-structured telephone interviews. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Representatives from all Scottish adult hospices were invited to take part in a short telephone interview and all (N = 17) participated. RESULTS Four roles were identified: caring, sharing, preparing and declaring. Most hospices employed different combinations of roles. Five (30%) hospices were engaged in caring (providing direct care at the prison or the hospice). Eleven (65%) hospices were engaged in sharing (supporting the prison by sharing knowledge and expertise). Eleven (65%) hospices were engaged in preparing (making preparations to support prisons). All seventeen hospices were described as declaring (expressing a willingness to engage with prisons to provide care). CONCLUSIONS There are differences and similarities in the way countries provide palliative care to people in prison: many are similar to Scotland in that they do not operate prison-based hospices. Variations exist in the level of support hospices provide. Ensuring that all people in prison have equitable access to palliative care will require close collaboration between prisons and hospices on a national level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris McParland
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and
Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow,
UK
| | - Bridget Johnston
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and
Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow,
UK
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Panozzo S, Bryan T, Marco D, Collins A, Lethborg C, Philip J. End of life in hospitalised prisoners: a group comparison of palliative medicine and hospital use. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2021:bmjspcare-2020-002703. [PMID: 33602722 DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2020-002703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Providing optimal palliative and end-of-life care for people in prison with advanced progressive disease is a growing challenge. This study aimed to examine hospital and palliative care utilisation for people in prison who are hospitalised during the final 3 months of life and to compare with a disease-matched non-incarcerated patient cohort. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of people in prison who died between 2009 and 2019 in an Australian public hospital that provides tertiary-level healthcare for 18% of Australia's prison population. Demographic, clinical and service use data were extracted from medical records of eligible patients experiencing incarceration (prison group) and a disease-matched, non-incarcerated patient comparator group (comparator group). RESULTS At the time of death, patients in the prison group were aged a median of 20 years younger than the comparator group (median age 58 vs 78 years, p<0.01). The prison group experienced more than double the mean length of acute care hospital stay at the end of life. A higher proportion of patients in the prison group experienced an intensive care unit episode (22% vs 12%). More than two-thirds (71%) of the prison group patients were seen by palliative care prior to death, similar to the comparator group (p=0.44). Those transferred to the palliative care unit had a shorter length of stay and were admitted later, just prior to death (median 5 vs 8 days). CONCLUSIONS People in prison have prolonged acute care public hospital stays and are more likely to experience escalation of care at the end of life. Future opportunity may exist for increased access to formal subacute care settings for people in prison with life-limiting illness to receive optimal palliative and end-of-life care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Panozzo
- Palliative Nexus, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne Pty Ltd, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tamsin Bryan
- Palliative Care Services, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne Pty Ltd, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Marco
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Palliative Care, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne Pty Ltd, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Collins
- Palliative Nexus, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne Pty Ltd, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carrie Lethborg
- Department of Social Work, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer Philip
- Palliative Nexus, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne Pty Ltd, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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The Need for Cultural Inclusivity in Global Palliative Nursing: Caring for Selected Underserved Populations in the United States. J Hosp Palliat Nurs 2020; 21:E1-E8. [PMID: 31033646 DOI: 10.1097/njh.0000000000000575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It is estimated that 11.1 million people in the United States are living with serious illness, and most people with serious illness need palliative care. Quality palliative care incorporates culturally sensitive care, and with the increasing diversity in the United States, it has become even more critical that nurses and health care professionals be prepared to meet the unique needs of those living within the diverse and underserved populations of this country. Advocating for access to palliative care for the seriously ill, culturally respectful care at the end of life, and honoring values, practices, and beliefs are essential roles of the nurse. This article presents 4 examples of individuals from diverse and potentially vulnerable US populations who face unique challenges as they deal with their life-limiting diseases and face end of life.
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McParland C, Johnston BM. Palliative and end of life care in prisons: a mixed-methods rapid review of the literature from 2014-2018. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e033905. [PMID: 31874895 PMCID: PMC7008433 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore current practice in relation to palliative and end of life care in prisons, and to make recommendations for its future provision. DESIGN A rapid literature review of studies using qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods, with a narrative synthesis of results. DATA SOURCES Six databases searched between January 2014 to December 2018: ASSIA, CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, National Criminal Justice Reference Service Abstracts and Scopus. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Primary research articles reporting qualitative or quantitative findings about palliative and end of life care in prisons, published in peer-reviewed, English language journals between January 2014 to December 2018. PARTICIPANTS Prisoners, prisoners' families, prison healthcare staff and other prison staff. DATA EXTRACTION/SYNTHESIS Data extracted included: citation, design, aim, setting, sample/population, methods and key findings. Data were analysed thematically then subject to a narrative synthesis in order to answer the research questions. QUALITY APPRAISAL Two researchers independently appraised articles using the Qualsyst tool, by Kmet et al (2004). Aggregate summary quality scores are included with findings. Articles were not excluded based on quality appraisal. RESULTS 23 articles were included (16 qualitative, 6 quantitative, 1 mixed methods). Top three findings (by prevalence) were: fostering relationships with people both inside and outside of prison is important to prisoners with palliative and end of life care needs, inmate hospice volunteers are able to build and maintain close relationships with the prisoners they care for and the conflicting priorities of care and custody can have a negative impact on the delivery of palliative and end of life care in prisons. CONCLUSIONS The key findings are: relationships are important to prisoners at the end of life, inmate hospice volunteers can build close bonds with the prisoners in their care and the prison environment and regime conflicts with best practices in palliative and end of life care. Directions for future research are also identified. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO ID: CRD42019118737. Registered January 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris McParland
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Bridget Margaret Johnston
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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13
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Haber LA, Erickson HP, Ranji SR, Ortiz GM, Pratt LA. Acute Care for Patients Who Are Incarcerated: A Review. JAMA Intern Med 2019; 179:1561-1567. [PMID: 31524937 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.3881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The United States has the world's highest rate of incarceration. Clinicians practicing outside of correctional facilities receive little dedicated training in the care of patients who are incarcerated, are unaware of guidelines for the treatment of patients in custody, and practice in health care systems with varying policies toward these patients. This review considers legal precedents for care of individuals who are incarcerated, frequently encountered terminology, characteristics of hospitalized incarcerated patients, considerations for clinical management, and challenges during transitions of care. OBSERVATIONS The Eighth Amendment of the US Constitution mandates basic health care for incarcerated individuals within or outside of dedicated correctional facilities. Incarcerated patients in the acute hospital setting are predominantly young men who have received trauma-related admitting diagnoses. Hospital practices pertaining to privacy, physical restraint, discharge counseling, and surrogate decision-making are affected by a patient's incarcerated status under state or federal law, institutional policy, and individual health care professional practice. Transitions of care necessitate consideration of the disparate medical resources of correctional facilities as well as awareness of transitions unique to incarcerated individuals, such as compassionate release. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Patients who are incarcerated have a protected right to health care but may experience exceptions to physical comfort, health privacy, and informed decision-making in the acute care setting. Research on the management of issues associated with hospitalized incarcerated patients is limited and primarily focuses on the care of pregnant women, a small portion of all hospitalized incarcerated individuals. Clinicians and health care facilities should work toward creating evidence-based and legally supported guidelines for the care of incarcerated individuals in the acute care setting that balance the rights of the patient, responsibilities of the clinician, and safety mandates of the institution and law enforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence A Haber
- Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Hans P Erickson
- Office of the Federal Public Defender, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Sumant R Ranji
- Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Gabriel M Ortiz
- Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Lisa A Pratt
- Jail Health Services, Department of Public Health, San Francisco, California
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14
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Klock Z, Liantonio J. End-of-Life Care in Imprisoned Persons. J Pain Symptom Manage 2018; 55:e4-e6. [PMID: 29180059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Klock
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - John Liantonio
- Inpatient Palliative Care Service, Hospice and Palliative Medicine, Department of Family & Community Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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