1
|
Zhang J, Liu J, Huang Y, Yan L, Xu S, Zhang G, Pei L, Yu H, Zhu X, Han X. Current role of magnetic resonance imaging on assessing and monitoring the efficacy of phototherapy. Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 110:149-160. [PMID: 38621553 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Phototherapy, also known as photobiological therapy, is a non-invasive and highly effective physical treatment method. Its broad use in clinics has led to significant therapeutic results. Phototherapy parameters, such as intensity, wavelength, and duration, can be adjusted to create specific therapeutic effects for various medical conditions. Meanwhile, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), with its diverse imaging sequences and excellent soft-tissue contrast, provides a valuable tool to understand the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of phototherapy. This review explores the clinical applications of commonly used phototherapy techniques, gives a brief overview of how phototherapy impacts different diseases, and examines MRI's role in various phototherapeutic scenarios. We argue that MRI is crucial for precise targeting, treatment monitoring, and prognosis assessment in phototherapy. Future research and applications will focus on personalized diagnosis and monitoring of phototherapy, expanding its applications in treatment and exploring multimodal imaging technology to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic precision and effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First people's Hospital of Yancheng, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Yancheng, PR China
| | - Jiahuan Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, PR China
| | - Yang Huang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Linlin Yan
- Department of Radiology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, PR China
| | - Shufeng Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, PR China
| | - Guozheng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, PR China
| | - Lei Pei
- Department of Radiology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, PR China
| | - Huachen Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Xisong Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Han
- Department of Radiology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nairuz T, Sangwoo-Cho, Lee JH. Photobiomodulation Therapy on Brain: Pioneering an Innovative Approach to Revolutionize Cognitive Dynamics. Cells 2024; 13:966. [PMID: 38891098 PMCID: PMC11171912 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy on the brain employs red to near-infrared (NIR) light to treat various neurological and psychological disorders. The mechanism involves the activation of cytochrome c oxidase in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, thereby enhancing ATP synthesis. Additionally, light absorption by ion channels triggers the release of calcium ions, instigating the activation of transcription factors and subsequent gene expression. This cascade of events not only augments neuronal metabolic capacity but also orchestrates anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic responses, fostering neurogenesis and synaptogenesis. It shows promise for treating conditions like dementia, stroke, brain trauma, Parkinson's disease, and depression, even enhancing cognitive functions in healthy individuals and eliciting growing interest within the medical community. However, delivering sufficient light to the brain through transcranial approaches poses a significant challenge due to its limited penetration into tissue, prompting an exploration of alternative delivery methods such as intracranial and intranasal approaches. This comprehensive review aims to explore the mechanisms through which PBM exerts its effects on the brain and provide a summary of notable preclinical investigations and clinical trials conducted on various brain disorders, highlighting PBM's potential as a therapeutic modality capable of effectively impeding disease progression within the organism-a task often elusive with conventional pharmacological interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jong-Ha Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea; (T.N.); (S.-C.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pruitt T, Davenport EM, Proskovec AL, Maldjian JA, Liu H. Simultaneous MEG and EEG source imaging of electrophysiological activity in response to acute transcranial photobiomodulation. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1368172. [PMID: 38817913 PMCID: PMC11137218 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1368172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique that improves human cognition. The effects of tPBM of the right forehead on neurophysiological activity have been previously investigated using EEG in sensor space. However, the spatial resolution of these studies is limited. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is known to facilitate a higher spatial resolution of brain source images. This study aimed to image post-tPBM effects in brain space based on both MEG and EEG measurements across the entire human brain. Methods MEG and EEG scans were concurrently acquired for 6 min before and after 8-min of tPBM delivered using a 1,064-nm laser on the right forehead of 25 healthy participants. Group-level changes in both the MEG and EEG power spectral density with respect to the baseline (pre-tPBM) were quantified and averaged within each frequency band in the sensor space. Constrained modeling was used to generate MEG and EEG source images of post-tPBM, followed by cluster-based permutation analysis for family wise error correction (p < 0.05). Results The 8-min tPBM enabled significant increases in alpha (8-12 Hz) and beta (13-30 Hz) powers across multiple cortical regions, as confirmed by MEG and EEG source images. Moreover, tPBM-enhanced oscillations in the beta band were located not only near the stimulation site but also in remote cerebral regions, including the frontal, parietal, and occipital regions, particularly on the ipsilateral side. Discussion MEG and EEG results shown in this study demonstrated that tPBM modulates neurophysiological activity locally and in distant cortical areas. The EEG topographies reported in this study were consistent with previous observations. This study is the first to present MEG and EEG evidence of the electrophysiological effects of tPBM in the brain space, supporting the potential utility of tPBM in treating neurological diseases through the modulation of brain oscillations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyrell Pruitt
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | | | - Amy L. Proskovec
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Joseph A. Maldjian
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Hanli Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shahdadian S, Wang X, Liu H. Directed physiological networks in the human prefrontal cortex at rest and post transcranial photobiomodulation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10242. [PMID: 38702415 PMCID: PMC11068774 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59879-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral infra-slow oscillation (ISO) is a source of vasomotion in endogenic (E; 0.005-0.02 Hz), neurogenic (N; 0.02-0.04 Hz), and myogenic (M; 0.04-0.2 Hz) frequency bands. In this study, we quantified changes in prefrontal concentrations of oxygenated hemoglobin (Δ[HbO]) and redox-state cytochrome c oxidase (Δ[CCO]) as hemodynamic and metabolic activity metrics, and electroencephalogram (EEG) powers as electrophysiological activity, using concurrent measurements of 2-channel broadband near-infrared spectroscopy and EEG on the forehead of 22 healthy participants at rest. After preprocessing, the multi-modality signals were analyzed using generalized partial directed coherence to construct unilateral neurophysiological networks among the three neurophysiological metrics (with simplified symbols of HbO, CCO, and EEG) in each E/N/M frequency band. The links in these networks represent neurovascular, neurometabolic, and metabolicvascular coupling (NVC, NMC, and MVC). The results illustrate that the demand for oxygen by neuronal activity and metabolism (EEG and CCO) drives the hemodynamic supply (HbO) in all E/N/M bands in the resting prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, to investigate the effect of transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM), we performed a sham-controlled study by delivering an 800-nm laser beam to the left and right prefrontal cortex of the same participants. After performing the same data processing and statistical analysis, we obtained novel and important findings: tPBM delivered on either side of the prefrontal cortex triggered the alteration or reversal of directed network couplings among the three neurophysiological entities (i.e., HbO, CCO, and EEG frequency-specific powers) in the physiological network in the E and N bands, demonstrating that during the post-tPBM period, both metabolism and hemodynamic supply drive electrophysiological activity in directed network coupling of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Overall, this study revealed that tPBM facilitates significant modulation of the directionality of neurophysiological networks in electrophysiological, metabolic, and hemodynamic activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadra Shahdadian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Xinlong Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Hanli Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fernandes F, Oliveira S, Monteiro F, Gasik M, Silva FS, Sousa N, Carvalho Ó, Catarino SO. Devices used for photobiomodulation of the brain-a comprehensive and systematic review. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2024; 21:53. [PMID: 38600582 PMCID: PMC11007916 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-024-01351-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A systematic review was conducted to determine the trends in devices and parameters used for brain photobiomodulation (PBM). The revised studies included clinical and cadaveric approaches, in which light stimuli were applied to the head and/or neck. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases were used for the systematic search. A total of 2133 records were screened, from which 97 were included in this review. The parameters that were extracted and analysed in each article were the device design, actuation area, actuation site, wavelength, mode of operation, power density, energy density, power output, energy per session and treatment time. To organize device information, 11 categories of devices were defined, according to their characteristics. The most used category of devices was laser handpieces, which relate to 21% of all devices, while 28% of the devices were not described. Studies for cognitive function and physiological characterisation are the most well defined ones and with more tangible results. There is a lack of consistency when reporting PBM studies, with several articles under defining the stimulation protocol, and a wide variety of parameters used for the same health conditions (e.g., Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease) resulting in positive outcomes. Standardization for the report of these studies is warranted, as well as sham-controlled comparative studies to determine which parameters have the greatest effect on PBM treatments for different neurological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Fernandes
- Center for Micro-ElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Sofia Oliveira
- Center for Micro-ElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Francisca Monteiro
- Center for Micro-ElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Michael Gasik
- Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University Foundation, Espoo, Finland
| | - Filipe S Silva
- Center for Micro-ElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3BS, PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- 2CA-Braga, CVS/3BS, PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Óscar Carvalho
- Center for Micro-ElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Susana O Catarino
- Center for Micro-ElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal.
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Waight JL, Arias N, Jiménez-García AM, Martini M. From functional neuroimaging to neurostimulation: fNIRS devices as cognitive enhancers. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:2227-2242. [PMID: 37507648 PMCID: PMC10990990 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-023-02144-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) relies on near-infrared (NIR) light for changes in tissue oxygenation. For decades, this technique has been used in neuroscience to measure cortical activity. However, recent research suggests that NIR light directed to neural populations can modulate their activity through "photobiomodulation" (PBM). Yet, fNIRS is being used exclusively as a measurement tool. By adopting cognitive tests sensitive to prefrontal functioning, we show that a 'classical' fNIRS device, placed in correspondence of the prefrontal cortices of healthy participants, induces faster RTs and better accuracy in some of the indexes considered. A well-matched control group, wearing the same but inactive device, did not show any improvement. Hence, our findings indicate that the 'standard' use of fNIRS devices generates PBM impacting cognition. The neuromodulatory power intrinsic in that technique has been so far completely overlooked, and future studies will need to take this into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Lee Waight
- School of Psychology, University of East London, E15 4LZ, London, UK
| | - Natalia Arias
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33005, Oviedo, Spain.
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011, Oviedo, Spain.
- BRABE Group, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Nebrija, C/del Hostal, 28248, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana M Jiménez-García
- BRABE Group, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Nebrija, C/del Hostal, 28248, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matteo Martini
- School of Psychology, University of East London, E15 4LZ, London, UK.
- Department of Humanities, Letters, Cultural Heritage and Educational Studies, via Arpi, 71121, Foggia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shen Q, Guo H, Yan Y. Photobiomodulation for Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Scoping Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1625. [PMID: 38338901 PMCID: PMC10855709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases involve the progressive dysfunction and loss of neurons in the central nervous system and thus present a significant challenge due to the absence of effective therapies for halting or reversing their progression. Based on the characteristics of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), which have prolonged incubation periods and protracted courses, exploring non-invasive physical therapy methods is essential for alleviating such diseases and ensuring that patients have an improved quality of life. Photobiomodulation (PBM) uses red and infrared light for therapeutic benefits and functions by stimulating, healing, regenerating, and protecting organizations at risk of injury, degradation, or death. Over the last two decades, PBM has gained widespread recognition as a non-invasive physical therapy method, showing efficacy in pain relief, anti-inflammatory responses, and tissue regeneration. Its application has expanded into the fields of neurology and psychiatry, where extensive research has been conducted. This paper presents a review and evaluation of studies investigating PBM in neurodegenerative diseases, with a specific emphasis on recent applications in AD and PD treatment for both animal and human subjects. Molecular mechanisms related to neuron damage and cognitive impairment are scrutinized, offering valuable insights into PBM's potential as a non-invasive therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (H.G.); (Y.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Haoyun Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (H.G.); (Y.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yihua Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (H.G.); (Y.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lin H, Li D, Zhu J, Liu S, Li J, Yu T, Tuchin VV, Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya O, Zhu D. Transcranial photobiomodulation for brain diseases: review of animal and human studies including mechanisms and emerging trends. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:010601. [PMID: 38317779 PMCID: PMC10840571 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.1.010601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The brain diseases account for 30% of all known diseases. Pharmacological treatment is hampered by the blood-brain barrier, limiting drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) is a promising technology for treating brain diseases, due to its effectiveness, non-invasiveness, and affordability. tPBM has been widely used in pre-clinical experiments and clinical trials for treating brain diseases, such as stroke and Alzheimer's disease. This review provides a comprehensive overview of tPBM. We summarize emerging trends and new discoveries in tPBM based on over one hundred references published in the past 20 years. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of tPBM and highlight successful experimental and clinical protocols for treating various brain diseases. A better understanding of tPBM mechanisms, the development of guidelines for clinical practice, and the study of dose-dependent and personal effects hold great promise for progress in treating brain diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lin
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics – Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongyu Li
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics – Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, School of Optical Electronic Information, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingtan Zhu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics – Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaojun Liu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics – Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingting Li
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, School of Engineering Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics – Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan, China
| | - Valery V. Tuchin
- Saratov State University, Science Medical Center, Saratov, Russia
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Moscow, Russia
- Tomsk State University, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Oxana Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya
- Saratov State University, Science Medical Center, Saratov, Russia
- Humboldt University, Department of Physics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dan Zhu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics – Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chamkouri H, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Chen C, Chen L. Brain photobiomodulation therapy on neurological and psychological diseases. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300145. [PMID: 37403428 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy is an innovative treatment for neurological and psychological conditions. Complex IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain can be stimulated by red light, which increases ATP synthesis. In addition, the ion channels' light absorption causes the release of Ca2+, which activates transcription factors and changes gene expression. Neuronal metabolism is improved by brain PBM therapy, which also promotes synaptogenesis and neurogenesis as well as anti-inflammatory. Its depression-treating potential is attracting attention for other conditions, including Parkinson's disease and dementia. Giving enough dosage for optimum stimulation using the transcranial PBM technique is challenging because of the rapidly increasing attenuation of light transmission in tissue. Different strategies like intranasal and intracranial light delivery systems have been proposed to overcome this restriction. The most recent preclinical and clinical data on the effectiveness of brain PBM therapy are studied in this review article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Chamkouri
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Changchun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Intelligent manufacturing institute of HFUT, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Feng W, Domeracki A, Park C, Shah S, Chhatbar PY, Pawar S, Chang C, Hsu PC, Richardson E, Hasan D, Sokhadze E, Zhang Q, Liu H. Revisiting Transcranial Light Stimulation as a Stroke Therapeutic-Hurdles and Opportunities. Transl Stroke Res 2023; 14:854-862. [PMID: 36369294 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared laser therapy, a special form of transcranial light therapy, has been tested as an acute stroke therapy in three large clinical trials. While the NEST trials failed to show the efficacy of light therapy in human stroke patients, there are many lingering questions and lessons that can be learned. In this review, we summarize the putative mechanism of light stimulation in the setting of stroke, highlight barriers, and challenges during the translational process, and evaluate light stimulation parameters, dosages and safety issues, choice of outcomes, effect size, and patient selection criteria. In the end, we propose potential future opportunities with transcranial light stimulation as a cerebroprotective or restorative tool for future stroke treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wuwei Feng
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Alexis Domeracki
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Christine Park
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Shreyansh Shah
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Pratik Y Chhatbar
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Swaroop Pawar
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Cherylee Chang
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Po-Chun Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Eric Richardson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - David Hasan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Estate Sokhadze
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Department Department of Neurology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Hanli Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sissons C, Saeed F, Carter C, Lee K, Kerr K, Shahdadian S, Liu H. Unilateral Mitochondrial-Hemodynamic Coupling and Bilateral Connectivity in the Prefrontal Cortices of Young and Older Healthy Adults. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1336. [PMID: 38002460 PMCID: PMC10669330 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10111336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A recent study demonstrated that noninvasive measurements of cortical hemodynamics and metabolism in the resting human prefrontal cortex can facilitate quantitative metrics of unilateral mitochondrial-hemodynamic coupling and bilateral connectivity in infraslow oscillation frequencies in young adults. The infraslow oscillation includes three distinct vasomotions with endogenic (E), neurogenic (N), and myogenic (M) frequency bands. The goal of this study was to prove the hypothesis that there are significant differences between young and older adults in the unilateral coupling (uCOP) and bilateral connectivity (bCON) in the prefrontal cortex. Accordingly, we performed measurements from 24 older adults (67.2 ± 5.9 years of age) using the same two-channel broadband near-infrared spectroscopy (bbNIRS) setup and resting-state experimental protocol as those in the recent study. After quantification of uCOP and bCON in three E/N/M frequencies and statistical analysis, we demonstrated that older adults had significantly weaker bilateral hemodynamic connectivity but significantly stronger bilateral metabolic connectivity than young adults in the M band. Furthermore, older adults exhibited significantly stronger unilateral coupling on both prefrontal sides in all E/N/M bands, particularly with a very large effect size in the M band (>1.9). These age-related results clearly support our hypothesis and were well interpreted following neurophysiological principles. The key finding of this paper is that the neurophysiological metrics of uCOP and bCON are highly associated with age and may have the potential to become meaningful features for human brain health and be translatable for future clinical applications, such as the early detection of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Sissons
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Fiza Saeed
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Caroline Carter
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Kathy Lee
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Kristen Kerr
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Sadra Shahdadian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Hanli Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
O’Donnell CM, Barrett DW, O’Connor P, Gonzalez-Lima F. Prefrontal photobiomodulation produces beneficial mitochondrial and oxygenation effects in older adults with bipolar disorder. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1268955. [PMID: 38027522 PMCID: PMC10644301 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1268955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction and prefrontal cortex (PFC) hypometabolism in bipolar disorder (BD). Older adults with BD exhibit greater decline in PFC-related neurocognitive functions than is expected for age-matched controls, and clinical interventions intended for mood stabilization are not targeted to prevent or ameliorate mitochondrial deficits and neurocognitive decline in this population. Transcranial infrared laser stimulation (TILS) is a non-invasive form of photobiomodulation, in which photons delivered to the PFC photo-oxidize the mitochondrial respiratory enzyme, cytochrome-c-oxidase (CCO), a major intracellular photon acceptor in photobiomodulation. TILS at 1064-nm can significantly upregulate oxidized CCO concentrations to promote differential levels of oxygenated vs. deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbD), an index of cerebral oxygenation. The objective of this controlled study was to use non-invasive broadband near-infrared spectroscopy to assess if TILS to bilateral PFC (Brodmann area 10) produces beneficial effects on mitochondrial oxidative energy metabolism (oxidized CCO) and cerebral oxygenation (HbD) in older (≥50 years old) euthymic adults with BD (N = 15). As compared to sham, TILS to the PFC in adults with BD increased oxidized CCO both during and after TILS, and increased HbD concentrations after TILS. By significantly increasing oxidized CCO and HbD concentrations above sham levels, TILS has the potential ability to stabilize mitochondrial oxidative energy production and prevent oxidative damage in the PFC of adults with BD. In conclusion, TILS was both safe and effective in enhancing metabolic function and subsequent hemodynamic responses in the PFC, which might help alleviate the accelerated neurocognitive decline and dysfunctional mitochondria present in BD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M. O’Donnell
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Douglas W. Barrett
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Patrick O’Connor
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - F. Gonzalez-Lima
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Truong NCD, Wang X, Liu H. Temporal and spectral analyses of EEG microstate reveals neural effects of transcranial photobiomodulation on the resting brain. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1247290. [PMID: 37916179 PMCID: PMC10616257 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1247290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The quantification of electroencephalography (EEG) microstates is an effective method for analyzing synchronous neural firing and assessing the temporal dynamics of the resting state of the human brain. Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) is a safe and effective modality to improve human cognition. However, it is unclear how prefrontal tPBM neuromodulates EEG microstates both temporally and spectrally. Methods 64-channel EEG was recorded from 45 healthy subjects in both 8-min active and sham tPBM sessions, using a 1064-nm laser applied to the right forehead of the subjects. After EEG data preprocessing, time-domain EEG microstate analysis was performed to obtain four microstate classes for both tPBM and sham sessions throughout the pre-, during-, and post-stimulation periods, followed by extraction of the respective microstate parameters. Moreover, frequency-domain analysis was performed by combining multivariate empirical mode decomposition with the Hilbert-Huang transform. Results Statistical analyses revealed that tPBM resulted in (1) a significant increase in the occurrence of microstates A and D and a significant decrease in the contribution of microstate C, (2) a substantial increase in the transition probabilities between microstates A and D, and (3) a substantial increase in the alpha power of microstate D. Discussion These findings confirm the neurophysiological effects of tPBM on EEG microstates of the resting brain, particularly in class D, which represents brain activation across the frontal and parietal regions. This study helps to better understand tPBM-induced dynamic alterations in EEG microstates that may be linked to the tPBM mechanism of action for the enhancement of human cognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hanli Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shahdadian S, Wang X, Liu H. Directed physiological networks in the human prefrontal cortex at rest and post transcranial photobiomodulation. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3393702. [PMID: 37886539 PMCID: PMC10602070 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3393702/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral infra-slow oscillation (ISO) is a source of vasomotion in endogenic (E; 0.005-0.02 Hz), neurogenic (N; 0.02-0.04 Hz), and myogenic (M; 0.04-0.2 Hz) frequency bands. In this study, we quantified changes in prefrontal concentrations of oxygenated hemoglobin ( Δ [ H b O ] ) and redox-state cytochrome c oxidase ( Δ [ C C O ] ) as hemodynamic and metabolic activity metrics, and electroencephalogram (EEG) powers as electrophysiological activity, using concurrent measurements of 2-channel broadband near-infrared spectroscopy and EEG on the forehead of 22 healthy participants at rest. After preprocessing, the multi-modality signals were analyzed using generalized partial directed coherence to construct unilateral neurophysiological networks among the three neurophysiological metrics (with simplified symbols of HbO, CCO, and EEG) in each E/N/M frequency band. The links in these networks represent neurovascular, neurometabolic, and metabolicvascular coupling (NVC, NMC, and MVC). The results illustrate that the demand for oxygen by neuronal activity and metabolism (EEG and CCO) drives the hemodynamic supply (HbO) in all E/N/M bands in the resting prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, to investigate the effect of transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM), we performed a sham-controlled study by delivering an 800-nm laser beam to the left and right prefrontal cortex of the same participants. After performing the same data processing and statistical analysis, we obtained novel and important findings: tPBM delivered on either side of the prefrontal cortex triggered the alteration or reversal of directed network couplings among the three neurophysiological entities (i.e., HbO, CCO, and EEG frequency-specific powers) in the physiological network in the E and N bands, demonstrating that during the post-tPBM period, both metabolism and hemodynamic supply drive electrophysiological activity in directed network coupling of the PFC. Overall, this study revealed that tPBM facilitates significant modulation of the directionality of neurophysiological networks in electrophysiological, metabolic, and hemodynamic activities.
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu H, Nizamutdinov D, Huang JH. Transcranial photobiomodulation with near-infrared light: a promising therapeutic modality for Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1944-1945. [PMID: 36926713 PMCID: PMC10233774 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.366499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hanli Liu
- Bioengineering Department, the University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Damir Nizamutdinov
- Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, TX, USA
- Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Jason H. Huang
- Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, TX, USA
- Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Temple, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wade ZS, Barrett DW, Davis RE, Nguyen A, Venkat S, Gonzalez-Lima F. Histochemical mapping of the duration of action of photobiomodulation on cytochrome c oxidase in the rat brain. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1243527. [PMID: 37700747 PMCID: PMC10493319 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1243527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This is the first study mapping the duration of action of in vivo photobiomodulation (PBM) on cytochrome-c-oxidase (CCO). In cellular bioenergetics, CCO is the terminal rate-limiting enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, which catalyzes oxygen utilization for aerobic energy production. PBM using transcranial infrared laser stimulation (TILS) is a promising intervention for non-invasively modulating CCO in the brain. TILS of the human prefrontal cortex directly causes CCO photo-oxidation, which is associated with increased cerebral oxygenation and improved cognition. Methods This experiment aimed to map the duration of action of in vivo PBM on CCO activity in discrete neuroanatomic locations within rat brains up to 4 weeks after a single TILS session (50 s, 1064 nm CW, 250 mW/cm2). Control brains from rats treated with a sham session without TILS (laser off) were compared to brains from TILS-treated rats that were collected 1 day, 2 weeks, or 4 weeks post-TILS. Cryostat sections of the 36 collected brains were processed using quantitative enzyme histochemistry and digitally imaged. Densitometric readings of 28 regions of interest were recorded and converted to CCO activity units of oxygen utilization using calibration standards. Data analysis (ANCOVA) compared each laser-treated group to sham with whole-brain average as a covariate. Results The prefrontal infralimbic cortex showed the earliest significant increase in CCO activity between 1-day post-TILS and sham groups, which continued elevated for 2-4 weeks post-TILS. Significant differences in CCO activity between 2-weeks and sham groups were also found in the lateral septum, accumbens core, CA3 of the hippocampus, and the molecular layer of the hippocampus. The medial amygdala showed a significant decrease in CCO activity between 4-weeks and sham. Further analyses showed significant inter-regional CCO activity correlations among the brain regions as the result of TILS, with the most pronounced changes at 4-weeks post-stimulation. Discussion The time course of changes in CCO activity and network connectivity suggested that TILS caused different neuroplasticity types of bioenergetic changes at different time scales, depending on brain region and its depth from the cortex. In conclusion, this controlled CCO histochemical study demonstrated a long-lasting duration of action of PBM in the rat brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - F. Gonzalez-Lima
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhao H, Li Y, Luo T, Chou W, Sun T, Liu H, Qiu H, Zhu D, Chen D, Gu Y. Preventing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in rats with pulsed 810 nm laser transcranial phototherapy. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:281. [PMID: 37580354 PMCID: PMC10425462 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02583-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating condition that occurs following exposure to traumatic events. Current treatments, such as psychological debriefing and pharmacotherapy, often have limited efficacy and may result in unwanted side effects, making early intervention is a more desirable strategy. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of a single dose of pulsed (10 Hz) 810 nm laser-phototherapy (P-PT) as an early intervention for preventing PTSD-like comorbidities in rats induced by single inescapable electric foot shock following the single prolonged stress (SPS&S). As indicated by the results of the open filed test, elevated plus maze test, and contextual fear conditioning test, P-PT prevented the development of anxiety and freezing behaviors in rats exposed to the SPS&S. We also compared the effects of P-PT and continuous wave 810 nm laser-phototherapy (CW-PT) in preventing PTSD-like comorbidities in rats. The results revealed that P-PT was effective in preventing both freezing and anxiety behavior in stressed rats. In contrast, CW-PT only had a preventive effect on freezing behavior but not anxiety. Additionally, P-PT significantly reduced the c-fos expression in cingulate cortex area 1(Cg1) and infralimbic cortex (IL) of stressed rats, while CW-PT had no significant effects on c-fos expression. Taken together, our results demonstrate that P-PT is a highly effective strategy for preventing the occurrence of PTSD-like comorbidities in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyou Zhao
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Laser Medicine, the First Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Luo
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Wenxin Chou
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tianzhen Sun
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Haolin Liu
- No.965 Hospital, Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese PLA, Jilin, China
| | - Haixia Qiu
- Department of Laser Medicine, the First Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Defu Chen
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Ying Gu
- Department of Laser Medicine, the First Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bowen R, Arany PR. Use of either transcranial or whole-body photobiomodulation treatments improves COVID-19 brain fog. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202200391. [PMID: 37018063 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing recognition of post-COVID-19 sequelae involving chronic fatigue and brain fog, for which photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy has been utilized. This open-label, pilot, human clinical study examined the efficacy of two PBM devices, for example, a helmet (1070 nm) for transcranial (tPBM) and a light bed (660 and 850 nm) for whole body (wbPBM), over a 4-week period, with 12 treatments for two separate groups (n = 7 per group). Subjects were evaluated with a neuropsychological test battery, including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the digit symbol substitution test (DSST), the trail-making tests A and B, the physical reaction time (PRT), and a quantitative electroencephalography system (WAVi), both pre- and post- the treatment series. Each device for PBM delivery was associated with significant improvements in cognitive tests (p < 0.05 and beyond). Changes in WAVi supported the findings. This study outlines the benefits of utilizing PBM therapy (transcranial or whole-body) to help treat long-COVID brain fog.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bowen
- Shepherd University, Shepherdstown, West Virginia, USA
- West Virginia University, Martinsburg, West Virginia, USA
| | - Praveen R Arany
- Shepherd University, Shepherdstown, West Virginia, USA
- University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dole M, Auboiroux V, Langar L, Mitrofanis J. A systematic review of the effects of transcranial photobiomodulation on brain activity in humans. Rev Neurosci 2023:revneuro-2023-0003. [PMID: 36927734 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) has been developing as a promising method to protect and repair brain tissues against damages. The aim of our systematic review is to examine the results available in the literature concerning the efficacy of tPBM in changing brain activity in humans, either in healthy individuals, or in patients with neurological diseases. Four databases were screened for references containing terms encompassing photobiomodulation, brain activity, brain imaging, and human. We also analysed the quality of the included studies using validated tools. Results in healthy subjects showed that even after a single session, tPBM can be effective in influencing brain activity. In particular, the different transcranial approaches - using a focal stimulation or helmet for global brain stimulation - seemed to act at both the vascular level by increasing regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and at the neural level by changing the activity of the neurons. In addition, studies also showed that even a focal stimulation was sufficient to induce a global change in functional connectivity across brain networks. Results in patients with neurological disease were sparser; nevertheless, they indicated that tPBM could improve rCBF and functional connectivity in several regions. Our systematic review also highlighted the heterogeneity in the methods and results generated, together with the need for more randomised controlled trials in patients with neurological diseases. In summary, tPBM could be a promising method to act on brain function, but more consistency is needed in order appreciate fully the underlying mechanisms and the precise outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Dole
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, FDD Clinatec, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Lilia Langar
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Clinatec, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - John Mitrofanis
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, FDD Clinatec, 38000 Grenoble, France.,Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pan WT, Liu PM, Ma D, Yang JJ. Advances in photobiomodulation for cognitive improvement by near-infrared derived multiple strategies. J Transl Med 2023; 21:135. [PMID: 36814278 PMCID: PMC9945713 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03988-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive function is an important ability of the brain, but cognitive dysfunction can easily develop once the brain is injured in various neuropathological conditions or diseases. Photobiomodulation therapy is a type of noninvasive physical therapy that is gradually emerging in the field of neuroscience. Transcranial photobiomodulation has been commonly used to regulate neural activity in the superficial cortex. To stimulate deeper brain activity, advanced photobiomodulation techniques in conjunction with photosensitive nanoparticles have been developed. This review addresses the mechanisms of photobiomodulation on neurons and neural networks and discusses the advantages, disadvantages and potential applications of photobiomodulation alone or in combination with photosensitive nanoparticles. Photobiomodulation and its associated strategies may provide new breakthrough treatments for cognitive improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-tong Pan
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China ,grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Neuroscience Research Institute, Zhengzhou University Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450052 China ,Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, 450000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Pan-miao Liu
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China ,grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Neuroscience Research Institute, Zhengzhou University Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450052 China ,Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, 450000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Daqing Ma
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine & Intensive Care, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK. .,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
| | - Jian-jun Yang
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China ,grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Neuroscience Research Institute, Zhengzhou University Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450052 China ,Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, 450000 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Naeser MA, Martin PI, Ho MD, Krengel MH, Bogdanova Y, Knight JA, Hamblin MR, Fedoruk AE, Poole LG, Cheng C, Koo B. Transcranial Photobiomodulation Treatment: Significant Improvements in Four Ex-Football Players with Possible Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:77-105. [PMID: 36777329 PMCID: PMC9912826 DOI: 10.3233/adr-220022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, diagnosed postmortem (hyperphosphorylated tau), is preceded by traumatic encephalopathy syndrome with worsening cognition and behavior/mood disturbances, over years. Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) may promote improvements by increasing ATP in compromised/stressed cells and increasing local blood, lymphatic vessel vasodilation. Objective Aim 1: Examine cognition, behavior/mood changes Post-tPBM. Aim 2: MRI changes - resting-state functional-connectivity MRI: salience, central executive, default mode networks (SN, CEN, DMN); magnetic resonance spectroscopy, cingulate cortex. Methods Four ex-players with traumatic encephalopathy syndrome/possible chronic traumatic encephalopathy, playing 11- 16 years, received In-office, red/near-infrared tPBM to scalp, 3x/week for 6 weeks. Two had cavum septum pellucidum. Results The three younger cases (ages 55, 57, 65) improved 2 SD (p < 0.05) on three to six neuropsychological tests/subtests at 1 week or 1 month Post-tPBM, compared to Pre-Treatment, while the older case (age 74) improved by 1.5 SD on three tests. There was significant improvement at 1 month on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, pain, and sleep. One case discontinued narcotic pain medications and had reduced tinnitus. The possible placebo effect is unknown. At 2 months Post-tPBM, two cases regressed. Then, home tPBM was applied to only cortical nodes, DMN (12 weeks); again, significant improvements were seen. Significant correlations for increased SN functional connectivity (FC) over time, with executive function, attention, PTSD, pain, and sleep; and CEN FC, with verbal learning/memory, depression. Increased n-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) (oxygen consumption, mitochondria) was present in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), parallel to less pain and PTSD. Conclusion After tPBM, these ex-football players improved. Significant correlations of increased SN FC and CEN FC with specific cognitive tests and behavior/mood ratings, plus increased NAA in ACC support beneficial effects from tPBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A. Naeser
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain Campus, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Correspondence to: Margaret A. Naeser, PhD, VA Boston Healthcare System (12A), Jamaica Plain Campus, 150 So. Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02130 USA. E-mail:
| | - Paula I. Martin
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain Campus, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael D. Ho
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain Campus, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maxine H. Krengel
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain Campus, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yelena Bogdanova
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain Campus, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Knight
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain Campus, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,National Center for PTSD - Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa,Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Luke G. Poole
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain Campus, Boston, MA, USA
| | - ChiaHsin Cheng
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Bio-imaging Informatics Lab, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - BangBon Koo
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Bio-imaging Informatics Lab, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zaizar ED, Papini S, Gonzalez-Lima F, Telch MJ. Singular and combined effects of transcranial infrared laser stimulation and exposure therapy on pathological fear: a randomized clinical trial. Psychol Med 2023; 53:908-917. [PMID: 34284836 PMCID: PMC9976021 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721002270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical findings suggest that transcranial infrared laser stimulation (TILS) improves fear extinction learning and cognitive function by enhancing prefrontal cortex (PFC) oxygen metabolism. These findings prompted our investigation of treating pathological fear using this non-invasive stimulation approach either alone to the dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC), or to the ventromedial PFC (vmPFC) in combination with exposure therapy. METHODS Volunteers with pathological fear of either enclosed spaces, contamination, public speaking, or anxiety-related bodily sensations were recruited for this randomized, single-blind, sham-controlled trial with four arms: (a) Exposure + TILS_vmPFC (n = 29), (b) Exposure + sham TILS_vmPFC (n = 29), (c) TILS_dlPFC alone (n = 26), or (d) Sham TILS _dlPFC alone (n = 28). Post-treatment assessments occurred immediately following treatment. Follow-up assessments occurred 2 weeks after treatment. RESULTS A total of 112 participants were randomized [age range: 18-63 years; 96 females (85.71%)]. Significant interactions of Group × Time and Group × Context indicated differential treatment effects on retention (i.e. between time-points, averaged across contexts) and on generalization (i.e. between contexts, averaged across time-points), respectively. Among the monotherapies, TILS_dlPFC outperformed SHAM_dlPFC in the initial context, b = -13.44, 95% CI (-25.73 to -1.15), p = 0.03. Among the combined treatments, differences between EX + TILS_vmPFC and EX + SHAM_vmPFC were non-significant across all contrasts. CONCLUSIONS TILS to the dlPFC, one of the PFC regions implicated in emotion regulation, resulted in a context-specific benefit as a monotherapy for reducing fear. Contrary to prediction, TILS to the vmPFC, a region implicated in fear extinction memory consolidation, did not enhance exposure therapy outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric D. Zaizar
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Santiago Papini
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - F. Gonzalez-Lima
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Michael J. Telch
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kashiwagi S, Morita A, Yokomizo S, Ogawa E, Komai E, Huang PL, Bragin DE, Atochin DN. Photobiomodulation and nitric oxide signaling. Nitric Oxide 2023; 130:58-68. [PMID: 36462596 PMCID: PMC9808891 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a well-known gaseous mediator that maintains vascular homeostasis. Extensive evidence supports that a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction, which leads to cardiovascular diseases, is endothelial NO deficiency. Thus, restoring endothelial NO represents a promising approach to treating cardiovascular complications. Despite many therapeutic agents having been shown to augment NO bioavailability under various pathological conditions, success in resulting clinical trials has remained elusive. There is solid evidence of diverse beneficial effects of the treatment with low-power near-infrared (NIR) light, defined as photobiomodulation (PBM). Although the precise mechanisms of action of PBM are still elusive, recent studies consistently report that PBM improves endothelial dysfunction via increasing bioavailable NO in a dose-dependent manner and open a feasible path to the use of PBM for treating cardiovascular diseases via augmenting NO bioavailability. In particular, the use of NIR light in the NIR-II window (1000-1700 nm) for PBM, which has reduced scattering and minimal tissue absorption with the largest penetration depth, is emerging as a promising therapy. In this review, we update recent findings on PBM and NO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kashiwagi
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
| | - Atsuyo Morita
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Shinya Yokomizo
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA; Department of Radiological Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashi-Ogu, Arakawa, Tokyo, 116-8551, Japan
| | - Emiyu Ogawa
- School of Allied Health Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato Minami-ku Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eri Komai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Paul L Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Denis E Bragin
- Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Dr. SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA; Department of Neurology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC08 4720, 1 UNM, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - Dmitriy N Atochin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Giannakopoulos E, Katopodi A, Rallis M, Politopoulos K, Alexandratou E. The effects of low power laser light at 661 nm on wound healing in a scratch assay fibroblast model. Lasers Med Sci 2022; 38:27. [PMID: 36574084 PMCID: PMC9794538 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03670-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Wound treatment, especially for chronic and infected wounds, has been a permanent socio-economical challenge. This study aimed to investigate the ability of red light at 661 nm to accelerate wound healing an in vitro wound model using 3T3 fibroblasts. The purpose is further specified in clarifying the mechanisms of wound closure by means of intracellular ROS production, proliferation and migration of cells, and cellular orientation. Illumination effects of red light from a diode laser (661 nm) at different doses on 3T3 cell viability was assessed via MTT assay and tested in a scratch wound model. Wound closure rates were calculated by image analysis at 0, 24, and 48 h after laser treatment. ROS production was monitored and quantified immediately and 24 h after the treatment by fluorescence microscopy. Cellular orientation was quantified by image analysis. No phototoxic energy doses used and increased cell viability in most of the groups. Scratch assay revealed an energy interval of 3 - 4.5 J/cm2 that promote higher wound healing rate 24 h post treatment. An increase in ROS production was also observed 24 h post irradiation higher in the group with the highest wound healing rate. Also, cellular orientation toward the margin of the wound was observed and quantified after irradiation. Low power laser light at 661 nm activated both the migration and proliferation in the in vitro model used, providing evidence that it could also accelerate wound healing in vivo. Also, ROS production and cellular orientation seem to play an important role in wound healing process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios Giannakopoulos
- Laboratory of Biomedical Optics and Applied Biophysics, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780, Athens, Greece.
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli, Zografou Campus, 15771, Athens, Greece.
| | - Annita Katopodi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Michail Rallis
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli, Zografou Campus, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Politopoulos
- Laboratory of Biomedical Optics and Applied Biophysics, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Alexandratou
- Laboratory of Biomedical Optics and Applied Biophysics, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhao C, Li D, Kong Y, Liu H, Hu Y, Niu H, Jensen O, Li X, Liu H, Song Y. Transcranial photobiomodulation enhances visual working memory capacity in humans. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq3211. [PMID: 36459562 PMCID: PMC10936045 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq3211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) is a safe and noninvasive intervention that has shown promise for improving cognitive performance. Whether tPBM can modulate brain activity and thereby enhance working memory (WM) capacity in humans remains unclear. In this study, we found that 1064-nm tPBM applied to the right prefrontal cortex (PFC) improves visual working memory capacity and increases occipitoparietal contralateral delay activity (CDA). The CDA set-size effect during retention mediated the effect between the 1064-nm tPBM and subsequent WM capacity. The behavioral benefits and the corresponding changes in the CDA set-size effect were absent with tPBM at a wavelength of 852 nm or with stimulation of the left PFC. Our findings provide converging evidence that 1064-nm tPBM applied to the right PFC can improve WM capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yuanjun Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Haijing Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ole Jensen
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Xiaoli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Hanli Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Yan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shahdadian S, Wang X, Wanniarachchi H, Chaudhari A, Truong NCD, Liu H. Neuromodulation of brain power topography and network topology by prefrontal transcranial photobiomodulation. J Neural Eng 2022; 19:10.1088/1741-2552/ac9ede. [PMID: 36317341 PMCID: PMC9795815 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac9ede] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) has shown promising benefits, including cognitive improvement, in healthy humans and in patients with Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we aimed to identify key cortical regions that present significant changes caused by tPBM in the electroencephalogram (EEG) oscillation powers and functional connectivity in the healthy human brain.Approach. A 64-channel EEG was recorded from 45 healthy participants during a 13 min period consisting of a 2 min baseline, 8 min tPBM/sham intervention, and 3 min recovery. After pre-processing and normalizing the EEG data at the five EEG rhythms, cluster-based permutation tests were performed for multiple comparisons of spectral power topographies, followed by graph-theory analysis as a topological approach for quantification of brain connectivity metrics at global and nodal/cluster levels.Main results. EEG power enhancement was observed in clusters of channels over the frontoparietal regions in the alpha band and the centroparietal regions in the beta band. The global measures of the network revealed a reduction in synchronization, global efficiency, and small-worldness of beta band connectivity, implying an enhancement of brain network complexity. In addition, in the beta band, nodal graphical analysis demonstrated significant increases in local information integration and centrality over the frontal clusters, accompanied by a decrease in segregation over the bilateral frontal, left parietal, and left occipital regions.Significance.Frontal tPBM increased EEG alpha and beta powers in the frontal-central-parietal regions, enhanced the complexity of the global beta-wave brain network, and augmented local information flow and integration of beta oscillations across prefrontal cortical regions. This study sheds light on the potential link between electrophysiological effects and human cognitive improvement induced by tPBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hanli Liu
- Authors to whom any correspondence should be addressed,
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Maki Y, Kushibiki T, Sano T, Ogawa T, Komai E, Takahashi S, Kitagami E, Serizawa Y, Nagaoka R, Yokomizo S, Ono T, Ishihara M, Miyahira Y, Kashiwagi S, Kawana A, Kimizuka Y. 1270 nm near-infrared light as a novel vaccine adjuvant acts on mitochondrial photoreception in intradermal vaccines. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1028733. [PMID: 36439134 PMCID: PMC9684730 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1028733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
With the development of laser technology in the 1960s, a technique was developed to inject intradermal vaccines immediately after irradiating the skin with laser light to elicit an adjuvant effect, referred to as "laser adjuvant." We have been investigating the mechanism of laser adjuvant in influenza mouse models using noninvasive continuous-wave (CW) near-infrared (NIR) light mainly at a wavelength of 1064 nm, and have shown that the production of reactive-oxygen-species (ROS) in the skin and mast cells in the skin tissue plays an important role in the laser adjuvant effect. The new wavelength of 1270 nm NIR light is characterized by its ability to elicit the same vaccine adjuvant effect as other wavelengths at a lower energy, and may be suitable for clinical applications. In this study, we investigated the physiological activity of CW1270 nm NIR light in mast cells, its biological activity on mouse skin, and the durability of the vaccine adjuvant effect in influenza vaccine mouse models. We show that irradiation of mast cells with 1270 nm NIR light produced ROS and ATP, and irradiation of isolated mitochondria also produced ATP. In mouse skin, the relative expression levels of chemokine mRNAs, such as Ccl2 and Ccl20, were increased by irradiation with 1270 and 1064 nm NIR light at minimum safe irradiance. However, the relative expression of Nfkb1 was increased at 1064 nm, but not at 1270 nm. Serum anti-influenza IgG antibody titers increased early after immunization with 1064 nm, whereas with 1270 nm, there was not only an early response of antibody production but also persistence of antibody titers over the medium- to long-term. Thus, to our knowledge, we show for the first time that 1270 nm NIR light induces ROS and ATP production in mitochondria as photoreceptors, initiating a cascade of laser adjuvant effects for intradermal vaccines. Additionally, we demonstrate that there are wavelength-specific variations in the mechanisms and effects of laser adjuvants. In conclusion, CW1270 nm NIR light is expected to be clinically applicable as a novel laser adjuvant that is equivalent or superior to 1064 nm NIR light, because it can be operated at low energy and has a wavelength-specific adjuvant effect with medium- to long-lasting antibody titer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Maki
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kushibiki
- Department of Medical Engineering, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Tomoya Sano
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Takunori Ogawa
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Eri Komai
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Shusaku Takahashi
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Etsuko Kitagami
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Serizawa
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nagaoka
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Shinya Yokomizo
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Takeshi Ono
- Department of Global Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Miya Ishihara
- Department of Medical Engineering, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Yasushi Miyahira
- Department of Global Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kashiwagi
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Akihiko Kawana
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kimizuka
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lights on for Autism: Exploring Photobiomodulation as an Effective Therapeutic Option. Neurol Int 2022; 14:884-893. [PMID: 36412693 PMCID: PMC9680350 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint14040071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition that starts in childhood and continues into adulthood. The core characteristics include difficulties with social interaction and communication, together with restricted and repetitive behaviours. There are a number of key abnormalities of brain structure and function that trigger these behavioural patterns, including an imbalance of functional connectivity and synaptic transmission, neuronal death, gliosis and inflammation. In addition, autism has been linked to alterations in the gut microbiome. Unfortunately, as it stands, there are few treatment options available for patients. In this mini-review, we consider the effectiveness of a potential new treatment for autism, known as photobiomodulation, the therapeutic use of red to near infrared light on body tissues. This treatment has been shown in a range of pathological conditions-to improve the key changes that characterise autism, including the functional connectivity and survival patterns of neurones, the patterns of gliosis and inflammation and the composition of the microbiome. We highlight the idea that photobiomodulation may form an ideal treatment option for autism, one that is certainly worthy of further investigation.
Collapse
|
29
|
Cardoso FDS, Salehpour F, Coimbra NC, Gonzalez-Lima F, Gomes da Silva S. Photobiomodulation for the treatment of neuroinflammation: A systematic review of controlled laboratory animal studies. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1006031. [PMID: 36203812 PMCID: PMC9531128 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1006031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation is a response that involves different cell lineages of the central nervous system, such as neurons and glial cells. Among the non-pharmacological interventions for neuroinflammation, photobiomodulation (PBM) is gaining prominence because of its beneficial effects found in experimental brain research. We systematically reviewed the effects of PBM on laboratory animal models, specially to investigate potential benefits of PBM as an efficient anti-inflammatory therapy. Methods We conducted a systematic search on the bibliographic databases (PubMed and ScienceDirect) with the keywords based on MeSH terms: photobiomodulation, low-level laser therapy, brain, neuroinflammation, inflammation, cytokine, and microglia. Data search was limited from 2009 to June 2022. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. The initial systematic search identified 140 articles. Among them, 54 articles were removed for duplication and 59 articles by screening. Therefore, 27 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results The studies showed that PBM has anti-inflammatory properties in several conditions, such as traumatic brain injury, edema formation and hyperalgesia, ischemia, neurodegenerative conditions, aging, epilepsy, depression, and spinal cord injury. Conclusion Taken together, these results indicate that transcranial PBM therapy is a promising strategy to treat brain pathological conditions induced by neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrízio dos Santos Cardoso
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão da Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Fabrízio dos Santos Cardoso
| | - Farzad Salehpour
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Norberto Cysne Coimbra
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão da Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco Gonzalez-Lima
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Sérgio Gomes da Silva
- Centro Universitário UNIFAMINAS (UNIFAMINAS), Muriaé, MG, Brazil
- Hospital do Câncer de Muriaé, Fundação Cristiano Varella (FCV), Muriaé, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nizamutdinov D, Ezeudu C, Wu E, Huang JH, Yi SS. Transcranial near-infrared light in treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:965788. [PMID: 36034819 PMCID: PMC9400541 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.965788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Light is a natural agent consisting of a range of visible and invisible electromagnetic spectrum travels in waves. Near-infrared (NIR) light refers to wavelengths from 800 to 2,500 nm. It is an invisible spectrum to naked eyes and can penetrate through soft and hard tissues into deep structures of the human body at specific wavelengths. NIR light may carry different energy levels depending on the intensity of emitted light and therapeutic spectrum (wavelength). Stimulation with NIR light can activate intracellular cascades of biochemical reactions with local short- and long-term positive effects. These properties of NIR light are employed in photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy, have been linked to treating several brain pathologies, and are attracting more scientific attention in biomedicine. Transcranial brain stimulations with NIR light PBM in recent animal and human studies revealed a positive impact of treatment on the progression and improvement of neurodegenerative processes, management of brain energy metabolism, and regulation of chronic brain inflammation associated with various conditions, including traumatic brain injury. This scientific overview incorporates the most recent cellular and functional findings in PBM with NIR light in treating neurodegenerative diseases, presents the discussion of the proposed mechanisms of action, and describes the benefits of this treatment in neuroprotection, cell preservation/detoxification, anti-inflammatory properties, and regulation of brain energy metabolism. This review will also discuss the novel aspects and pathophysiological role of the glymphatic and brain lymphatics system in treating neurodegenerative diseases with NIR light stimulations. Scientific evidence presented in this overview will support a combined effort in the scientific community to increase attention to the understudied NIR light area of research as a natural agent in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases to promote more research and raise awareness of PBM in the treatment of brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damir Nizamutdinov
- Baylor Scott and White Health, Neuroscience Institute, Neurosurgery, TX, United States
- Texas A&M University, College of Medicine, Neurosurgery, TX, United States
| | - Chibueze Ezeudu
- Texas A&M University, College of Medicine, Neurosurgery, TX, United States
| | - Erxi Wu
- Baylor Scott and White Health, Neuroscience Institute, Neurosurgery, TX, United States
- Texas A&M University, College of Medicine, Neurosurgery, TX, United States
- Texas A&M University, School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences, TX, United States
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, United States
| | - Jason H. Huang
- Baylor Scott and White Health, Neuroscience Institute, Neurosurgery, TX, United States
- Texas A&M University, College of Medicine, Neurosurgery, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: S. Stephen Yi, ; Jason H. Huang,
| | - S. Stephen Yi
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: S. Stephen Yi, ; Jason H. Huang,
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Moro C, Valverde A, Dole M, Hoh Kam J, Hamilton C, Liebert A, Bicknell B, Benabid AL, Magistretti P, Mitrofanis J. The effect of photobiomodulation on the brain during wakefulness and sleep. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:942536. [PMID: 35968381 PMCID: PMC9366035 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.942536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last seventy years or so, many previous studies have shown that photobiomodulation, the use of red to near infrared light on body tissues, can improve central and peripheral neuronal function and survival in both health and in disease. These improvements are thought to arise principally from an impact of photobiomodulation on mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial mechanisms in a range of different cell types, including neurones. This impact has downstream effects on many stimulatory and protective genes. An often-neglected feature of nearly all of these improvements is that they have been induced during the state of wakefulness. Recent studies have shown that when applied during the state of sleep, photobiomodulation can also be of benefit, but in a different way, by improving the flow of cerebrospinal fluid and the clearance of toxic waste-products from the brain. In this review, we consider the potential differential effects of photobiomodulation dependent on the state of arousal. We speculate that the effects of photobiomodulation is on different cells and systems depending on whether it is applied during wakefulness or sleep, that it may follow a circadian rhythm. We speculate further that the arousal-dependent photobiomodulation effects are mediated principally through a biophoton – ultra-weak light emission – network of communication and repair across the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecile Moro
- FDD and CEA-LETI, Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Audrey Valverde
- FDD and CEA-LETI, Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Marjorie Dole
- FDD and CEA-LETI, Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Jaimie Hoh Kam
- FDD and CEA-LETI, Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Ann Liebert
- Governance and Research Department, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian Bicknell
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Pierre Magistretti
- FDD and CEA-LETI, Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - John Mitrofanis
- FDD and CEA-LETI, Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: John Mitrofanis,
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Qu X, Li L, Zhou X, Dong Q, Liu H, Liu H, Yang Q, Han Y, Niu H. Repeated transcranial photobiomodulation improves working memory of healthy older adults: behavioral outcomes of poststimulation including a three-week follow-up. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:035005. [PMID: 36177151 PMCID: PMC9514540 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.3.035005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Decline in cognitive ability is a significant issue associated with healthy aging. Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) is an emerging non-invasive neuromodulation technique and has shown promise to overcome this challenge. AIM This study aimed to investigate the effects of seven-day repeated tPBM, compared to those of single tPBM and baseline, on improving N -back working memory in healthy older adults and to evaluate the persistent efficacy of repeated tPBM. APPROACH In a sham-controlled and within-subject design, 61 healthy older adults were recruited to participate in a longitudinal study involving an experimental baseline, seven days of tPBM treatment (12 min daily, 1064-nm laser, 250 mW / cm 2 ) in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and three weeks of follow-ups. Behavioral performance in the N -back ( N = 1,2 , 3 ) was recorded poststimulation during the baseline, the first and seventh days of the tPBM session, and the three weekly follow-ups. A control group with 25 participants was included in this study to rule out the practice and placebo effects. The accuracy rate and response time were used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS Repeated and single tPBM significantly improved accuracy rate in 1- and 3-back tasks and decreased response time in 3-back compared to the baseline. Moreover, the repeated tPBM resulted in a significantly higher improvement in accuracy rate than the single tPBM. These improvements in accuracy rate and response time lasted at least three weeks following repeated tPBM. In contrast, the control group showed no significant improvement in behavioral performance. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that seven-day repeated tPBM improved the working memory of healthy older adults more efficiently, with the beneficial effect lasting at least three weeks. These findings provide fundamental evidence that repeated tPBM may be a potential intervention for older individuals with memory decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Qu
- Beijing Normal University, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing, China
| | - Lexuan Li
- Beijing Normal University, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhou
- Beijing Normal University, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Dong
- Beijing Normal University, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing, China
| | - Hanli Liu
- University of Texas at Arlington, Department of Bioengineering, Arlington, Texas, United States
| | - Hesheng Liu
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Neuroscience, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Qin Yang
- Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Department of Neurology, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Han
- Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Department of Neurology, Beijing, China
- Hainan University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Haikou, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Center of Alzheimer’s Disease, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Haijing Niu
- Beijing Normal University, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Shahdadian S, Wang X, Kang S, Carter C, Chaudhari A, Liu H. Prefrontal cortical connectivity and coupling of infraslow oscillation in the resting human brain: a 2-channel broadband NIRS study. Cereb Cortex Commun 2022; 3:tgac033. [PMID: 36072711 PMCID: PMC9441674 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgac033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The resting-state infraslow oscillation (ISO) of the cerebral cortex reflects the neurophysiological state of the human brain. ISO results from distinct vasomotion with endogenic (E), neurogenic (N), and myogenic (M) frequency bands. Quantification of prefrontal ISO in cortical hemodynamics and metabolism in the resting human brain may facilitate the identification of objective features that are characteristic of certain brain disorders. The goal of this study was to explore and quantify the prefrontal ISO of the cortical concentration changes of oxygenated hemoglobin (Δ[HbO]) and redox-state cytochrome c oxidase (Δ[CCO]) as hemodynamic and metabolic activity metrics in all 3 E/N/M bands. Two-channel broadband near-infrared spectroscopy (2-bbNIRS) enabled measurements of the forehead of 26 healthy young participants in a resting state once a week for 5 weeks. After quantifying the ISO spectral amplitude (SA) and coherence at each E/N/M band, several key and statistically reliable metrics were obtained as features: (i) SA of Δ[HbO] at all E/N/M bands, (ii) SA of Δ[CCO] in the M band, (iii) bilateral connectivity of hemodynamics and metabolism across the E and N bands, and (iv) unilateral hemodynamic–metabolic coupling in each of the E and M bands. These features have promising potential to be developed as objective biomarkers for clinical applications in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadra Shahdadian
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington , 500 UTA Blvd, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Xinlong Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington , 500 UTA Blvd, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Shu Kang
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington , 500 UTA Blvd, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Caroline Carter
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington , 500 UTA Blvd, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Akhil Chaudhari
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington , 500 UTA Blvd, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Hanli Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington , 500 UTA Blvd, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Truong NCD, Wang X, Wanniarachchi H, Liu H. Enhancement of Frequency-Specific Hemodynamic Power and Functional Connectivity by Transcranial Photobiomodulation in Healthy Humans. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:896502. [PMID: 35757526 PMCID: PMC9226485 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.896502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) has been considered a safe and effective brain stimulation modality being able to enhance cerebral oxygenation and neurocognitive function. To better understand the underlying neurophysiological effects of tPBM in the human brain, we utilized a 111-channel functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) system to map cerebral hemodynamic responses over the whole head to 8-min tPBM with 1,064-nm laser given on the forehead of 19 healthy participants. Instead of analyzing broad-frequency hemodynamic signals (0–0.2 Hz), we investigated frequency-specific effects of tPBM on three infra-slow oscillation (ISO) components consisting of endogenic, neurogenic, and myogenic vasomotions. Significant changes induced by tPBM in spectral power of oxygenated hemoglobin concentration (Δ[HbO]), functional connectivity (FC), and global network metrics at each of the three ISO frequency bands were identified and mapped topographically for frequency-specific comparisons. Our novel findings revealed that tPBM significantly increased endogenic Δ[HbO] powers over the right frontopolar area near the stimulation site. Also, we demonstrated that tPBM enabled significant enhancements of endogenic and myogenic FC across cortical regions as well as of several global network metrics. These findings were consistent with recent reports and met the expectation that myogenic oscillation is highly associated with endothelial activity, which is stimulated by tPBM-evoked nitric oxide (NO) release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nghi Cong Dung Truong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Xinlong Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Hashini Wanniarachchi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Hanli Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Cardoso FDS, Gonzalez-Lima F, Coimbra NC. Mitochondrial Photobiomodulation as a Neurotherapeutic Strategy for Epilepsy. Front Neurol 2022; 13:873496. [PMID: 35785362 PMCID: PMC9243228 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.873496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrízio dos Santos Cardoso
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Fabrízio dos Santos Cardoso
| | - Francisco Gonzalez-Lima
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Francisco Gonzalez-Lima
| | - Norberto Cysne Coimbra
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Oh Y, Nguyen N, Jung HJ, Choe Y, Kim JG. Changes in Cytochrome C Oxidase Redox State and Hemoglobin Concentration in Rat Brain During 810 nm Irradiation Measured by Broadband Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2022; 40:315-324. [DOI: 10.1089/photob.2021.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoonho Oh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Nam Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | | | | | - Jae Gwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
O'Donnell CM, Barrett DW, Fink LH, Garcia-Pittman EC, Gonzalez-Lima F. Transcranial Infrared Laser Stimulation Improves Cognition in Older Bipolar Patients: Proof of Concept Study. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2022; 35:321-332. [PMID: 33525934 DOI: 10.1177/0891988720988906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This is the first study to examine if transcranial infrared laser stimulation (TILS) improves cognition in older euthymic bipolar patients, who exhibit greater cognitive decline than is expected for age-matched controls. TILS is a non-invasive novel form of photobiomodulation that augments prefrontal oxygenation and improves cognition in young adults by upregulating the mitochondrial respiratory enzyme cytochrome-c-oxidase. We used a crossover sham-controlled design to examine if TILS to bilateral prefrontal cortex produces beneficial effects on cognition in 5 euthymic bipolar patients (ages 60-85). We measured cognitive flexibility, verbal fluency, working memory, sustained attention and impulsivity with tasks that have been shown to differentiate between healthy older adults and older bipolar adults. We found TILS-induced improvements in cognitive performance on the tasks that measure cognitive flexibility and impulsivity, after 5 weekly sessions of TILS. We concluded that TILS appeared both safe and effective in helping alleviate the accelerated cognitive decline present in older bipolar patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M O'Donnell
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, 7067University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
| | - Douglas W Barrett
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, 7067University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
| | - Latham H Fink
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, 12330University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
| | - Erica C Garcia-Pittman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, 12330University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
| | - Francisco Gonzalez-Lima
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, 7067University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, 12330University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tsai CM, Chang SF, Chang H. Transcranial photobiomodulation add-on therapy to valproic acid for pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in peripubertal rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:81. [PMID: 35313886 PMCID: PMC8935768 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03562-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) prevention is critical for pediatric patients with epilepsy. Immediate intervention before CSE reduce severity. Despite its wide usage as an anticonvulsant, valproic acid (VPA) results in harmful side effects such as dose-dependent hepatotoxicity. Hence, reducing VPA dosage to minimize side effects while maintaining its efficacy is necessary, and transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) add-on therapy could facilitate this. We recently demonstrated for the first time that tPBM at a wavelength of 808 nm attenuated CSE in peripubertal rats. However, the effects of VPA with the add-on therapy of tPBM prior to seizures have not yet been explored. This study investigated whether adding tPBM to VPA exerts synergistic effect for CSE prevention in peripubertal rats. Methods A gallium-aluminum-arsenide laser (wavelength of 808 nm with an exposure duration of 100 s and irradiance of 1.333 W/cm2 at the target) was applied transcranially 30 min after VPA injection in Sprague Dawley rats. All the rats received 90 mg/kg of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). Except for the saline (n = 3), tPBM + saline (n = 3), and PTZ group (n = 6), all the rats received a PTZ injection 30 min after VPA injection. The rats received add-on tPBM with PTZ immediately after tPBM. In the VPA + PTZ group, the rats received low-dose (100 mg/kg, n = 6), medium-dose (200 mg/kg, n = 6), and high-dose (400 mg/kg, n = 7) VPA. In the VPA + tPBM + PTZ group, the rats received low (100 mg/kg, n = 5), medium (200 mg/kg, n = 6), and high (400 mg/kg, n = 3) doses of VPA. Seizures were evaluated according to the revised Racine’s scale in a non-blinded manner. Results Adding tPBM to low-dose VPA reduced the incidence of severe status epilepticus and significantly delayed the latency to stage 2 seizures. However, adding tPBM to high-dose VPA increased the maximum seizure stage, prolonged the duration of stage 4–7 seizures, and shortened the latency to stage 6 seizures. Conclusions Adding tPBM to low-dose VPA exerted a synergistic prevention effect on PTZ-induced seizures, whereas adding tPBM to high-dose VPA offset the attenuation effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Min Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shwu-Fen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsi Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cardoso FDS, Barrett DW, Wade Z, Gomes da Silva S, Gonzalez-Lima F. Photobiomodulation of Cytochrome c Oxidase by Chronic Transcranial Laser in Young and Aged Brains. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:818005. [PMID: 35368252 PMCID: PMC8971717 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.818005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In cellular bioenergetics, cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) is the enzyme responsible for oxygen consumption in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, which drives oxidative phosphorylation for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. CCO is also the major intracellular acceptor of photons in the light wavelengths used for photobiomodulation (PBM). Brain function is critically dependent on oxygen consumption by CCO for ATP production. Therefore, our objectives were (1) to conduct the first detailed brain mapping study of the effects of PBM on regional CCO activity, and (2) to compare the chronic effects of PBM on young and aged brains. Specifically, we used quantitative CCO histochemistry to map the differences in CCO activity of brain regions in healthy young (4 months old) and aged (20 months old) rats from control groups with sham stimulation and from treated groups with 58 consecutive days of transcranial laser PBM (810 nm wavelength and 100 mW power). We found that aging predominantly decreased regional brain CCO activity and systems-level functional connectivity, while the chronic laser stimulation predominantly reversed these age-related effects. We concluded that chronic PBM modified the effects of aging by causing the CCO activity on brain regions in laser-treated aged rats to reach levels similar to those found in young rats. Given the crucial role of CCO in bioenergetics, PBM may be used to augment brain and behavioral functions of older individuals by improving oxidative energy metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrízio dos Santos Cardoso
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Tecnológicas, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Douglas W. Barrett
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Zachary Wade
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Sérgio Gomes da Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Tecnológicas, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
- Centro Universitário UNIFAMINAS, Muriaé, Brazil
- Hospital do Câncer de Muriaé, Fundação Cristiano Varella, Muriaé, Brazil
| | - F. Gonzalez-Lima
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: F. Gonzalez-Lima,
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Photobiomodulation at Different Wavelengths Boosts Mitochondrial Redox Metabolism and Hemoglobin Oxygenation: Lasers vs. Light-Emitting Diodes In Vivo. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020103. [PMID: 35208178 PMCID: PMC8880116 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our group previously examined 8 min photobiomodulation (PBM) by 1064 nm laser on the human forearm in vivo to determine its significant effects on vascular hemodynamics and cytochrome c oxidase redox activity. Since PBM uses a wide array of wavelengths, in this paper, we investigated (i) whether different wavelengths of lasers induced different PBM effects, and (ii) if a light-emitting diode (LED) at a similar wavelength to a laser could induce similar PBM effects. A broadband near-infrared spectroscopy (bbNIRS) system was utilized to assess concentration changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (Δ[HbO]) and oxidized cytochrome c oxidase (Δ[oxCCO]) during and after PBM with lasers at 800 nm, 850 nm, and 1064 nm, as well as a LED at 810 nm. Two groups of 10 healthy participants were measured before, during, and after active and sham PBM on their forearms. All results were tested for significance using repeated measures ANOVA. Our results showed that (i) lasers at all three wavelengths enabled significant increases in Δ[HbO] and Δ[oxCCO] of the human forearm while the 1064 nm laser sustained the increases longer, and that (ii) the 810-nm LED with a moderate irradiance (≈135 mW/cm2) induced measurable and significant rises in Δ[HbO] and Δ[oxCCO] with respect to the sham stimulation on the human forearm.
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang X, Ma LC, Shahdadian S, Wu A, Truong NCD, Liu H. Metabolic Connectivity and Hemodynamic-Metabolic Coherence of Human Prefrontal Cortex at Rest and Post Photobiomodulation Assessed by Dual-Channel Broadband NIRS. Metabolites 2022; 12:42. [PMID: 35050164 PMCID: PMC8778041 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Billions of neurons in the human brain form neural networks with oscillation rhythms. Infra-slow oscillation (ISO) presents three main physiological sources: endogenic, neurogenic, and myogenic vasomotions. Having an in vivo methodology for the absolute quantification of ISO from the human brain can facilitate the detection of brain abnormalities in cerebral hemodynamic and metabolic activities. In this study, we introduced a novel measurement-plus-analysis framework for the non-invasive quantification of prefrontal ISO by (1) taking dual-channel broadband near infrared spectroscopy (bbNIRS) measurements from 12 healthy humans during a 6-min rest and 4-min post transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) and (2) performing wavelet transform coherence (WTC) analysis on the measured time series data. The WTC indexes (IC, between 0 and 1) enabled the assessment of ipsilateral hemodynamic-metabolic coherence and bilateral functional connectivity in each ISO band of the human prefrontal cortex. At rest, bilateral hemodynamic connectivity was consistent across the three ISO bands (IC ≅ 0.66), while bilateral metabolic connectivity was relatively weaker. For post-tPBM/sham comparison, our analyses revealed three key findings: 8-min, right-forehead, 1064-nm tPBM (1) enhanced the amplitude of metabolic oscillation bilaterally, (2) promoted the bilateral metabolic connectivity of neurogenic rhythm, and (3) made the main effect on endothelial cells, causing alteration of hemodynamic-metabolic coherence on each side of the prefrontal cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hanli Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, 500 UTA Blvd, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (X.W.); (L.-C.M.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (N.C.D.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Huang LD. Brighten the Future: Photobiomodulation and Optogenetics. FOCUS (AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING) 2022; 20:36-44. [PMID: 35746943 PMCID: PMC9063588 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20210025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Safe, noninvasive, and effective treatments for brain conditions are everyone's dream. Low-level light therapy (LLLT) based on the photobiomodulation (PBM) phenomenon has recently been adopted in practice, with solid scientific evidence. Optogenetics provides high spatiotemporal resolution to precisely switch on and off a particular circuitry in the brain. However, there are currently no human trials of optogenetics on the human brain. These two approaches-PBM and optogenetics-are promising photonic treatments that target the brain using completely different technologies. PBM is based on the mitochondrial reaction to the photons for up- or downregulation on the cytochrome c oxidase synthase in cellular respiration. It is safe, noninvasive, and good for long-term treatments, with wide applications using light wavelengths ranging from 650 nm to ≈1,100 nm, the red to near-infrared range. Optogenetics is based on the expression of engineered opsins on targeted tissues through viral vectors. The opsins are engineered to be sensors, actuators, or switches and could be precisely controlled by light wavelength ranging from 450 nm to ≈650 nm, the visible light range. The penetration of visible light is limited, and thus the photons cannot be applied directly outside the head without surgical means to create a physical window. PBM using near-infrared light could reach deeper tissues for light directly applied outside the head. Detailed scientific foundations and the state of the art for both technologies are reviewed. Ongoing developments are discussed to provide insight for future research and applications.
Collapse
|
43
|
Oxyhaemoglobin Level Measured Using Near-Infrared Spectrometer Is Associated with Brain Mitochondrial Dysfunction After Cardiac Arrest in Rats. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1395:385-390. [PMID: 36527667 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14190-4_63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral blood oxygenation (CBO), measured using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), can play an important role in post-cardiac arrest (CA) care as this emerging technology allows for noninvasive real-time monitoring of the dynamic changes of tissue oxygenation. We recently reported that oxyhaemoglobin (oxy-Hb), measured using NIRS, may be used to evaluate the quality of chest compressions by monitoring the brain tissue oxygenation, which is a critical component for successful resuscitation. Mitochondria are the key to understanding the pathophysiology of post-CA oxygen metabolism. In this study, we focused on mitochondrial dysfunction, aiming to explore its association with CBO parameters such as oxy-Hb and deoxyhaemoglobin (deoxy-Hb) or tissue oxygenation index (TOI). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the study. We applied NIRS between the nasion and the upper cervical spine. Following 10 min of CA, the rats underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with a bolus injection of 20 μg/kg epinephrine. At 10 and 20 min after CPR, brain, and kidney tissues were collected. We isolated mitochondria from these tissues and evaluated the association between CBO and mitochondrial oxygen consumption ratios. There were no significant differences in the mitochondrial yields (10 vs. 20 min after resuscitation: brain, 1.33 ± 0.68 vs. 1.30 ± 0.75 mg/g; kidney, 19.5 ± 3.2 vs. 16.9 ± 5.3 mg/g, respectively). State 3 mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates, known as ADP-stimulated respiration, demonstrated a significant difference at 10 vs. 20 min after CPR (brain, 170 ± 26 vs. 115 ± 17 nmol/min/mg protein; kidney, 170 ± 20 vs. 130 ± 16 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively), whereas there was no significant difference in ADP non-dependent state 4 oxygen consumption rates (brain, 34.0 ± 6.7 vs. 31.8 ± 10 nmol/min/mg protein; kidney, 29.8 ± 4.8 vs. 21.0 ± 2.6 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively). Consequently, the respiratory control ratio (RCR = state 3/state 4) showed a significant difference over time, but this was only noted in the brain (brain, 5.0 ± 0.29 vs. 3.8 ± 0.64; kidney, 5.8 ± 0.53 vs. 6.2 ± 0.25 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively). The oxy-Hb levels had a dynamic change after resuscitation, and they had a significant association with the RCR of the brain mitochondria (r = 0.8311, p = 0.0102), whereas deoxy-Hb and TOI did not (r = -0.1252, p = 0.7677; r = 0.4186, p = 0.302, respectively). The RCRs of the kidney mitochondria did not have a significant association with CBO (oxy-Hb, r = -0.1087, p = 0.7977; deoxy-Hb, r = 0.1565, p = 0.7113; TOI, r = -0.1687, p = 0.6896, respectively). The brain mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction occurred over time, and it was seen at the time points between 10 and 20 min after CPR. The oxy-Hb level was associated with brain mitochondrial dysfunction during the early post-resuscitation period.
Collapse
|
44
|
Dos Santos Cardoso F, Mansur FCB, Araújo BHS, Gonzalez-Lima F, Gomes da Silva S. Photobiomodulation Improves the Inflammatory Response and Intracellular Signaling Proteins Linked to Vascular Function and Cell Survival in the Brain of Aged Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:420-428. [PMID: 34708330 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02606-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation is a non-pharmacological tool widely used to reduce inflammation in many tissues. However, little is known about its effects on the inflammatory response in the aged brain. We conducted the study to examine anti-inflammatory effects of photobiomodulation in aging brains. We used aged rats (20 months old) with control (handled, laser off) or transcranial laser (660 nm wavelength, 100 mW power) treatments for 10 consecutive days and evaluated the level of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and the expression and activation of intracellular signaling proteins in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus. Inflammatory analysis showed that aged rats submitted to transcranial laser treatment had increased levels of IL-1alpha and decreased levels of IL-5 in the cerebral cortex. In the hippocampus, the laser treatment increased the levels of IL-1alpha and decreased levels of IL-5, IL-18, and fractalkine. Regarding the intracellular signaling proteins, a reduction in the ERK and p38 expression and an increase in the STAT3 and ERK activation were observed in the cerebral cortex of aged rats from the laser group. In addition, the laser treatment increased the hippocampal expression of p70S6K, STAT3, and p38 of aged rats. Taken together, our data indicate that transcranial photobiomodulation can improve the inflammatory response and the activation of intracellular signaling proteins linked to vascular function and cell survival in the aged brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrízio Dos Santos Cardoso
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Tecnológicas, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Av. Cândido Xavier de Almeida e Souza, 200, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, 08780-911, Brazil. .,Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA. .,Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brasil.
| | | | - Bruno Henrique Silva Araújo
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências (LNBio), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa Em Energia E Materiais (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - F Gonzalez-Lima
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sérgio Gomes da Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Tecnológicas, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Av. Cândido Xavier de Almeida e Souza, 200, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, 08780-911, Brazil. .,Centro Universitário UNIFAMINAS (UNIFAMINAS), Muriaé, MG, Brazil. .,Hospital Do Câncer de Muriaé, Fundação Cristiano Varella (FCV), Muriaé, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Transcranial photobiomodulation and thermal stimulation induce distinct topographies of EEG alpha and beta power changes in healthy humans. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18917. [PMID: 34556692 PMCID: PMC8460746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97987-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Our recent study demonstrated that prefrontal transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) with 1064-nm laser enables significant changes in EEG rhythms, but these changes might result from the laser-induced heat rather than tPBM. This study hypothesized that tPBM-induced and heat-induced alterations in EEG power topography were significantly distinct. We performed two sets of measurements from two separate groups of healthy humans under tPBM (n = 46) and thermal stimulation (thermo_stim; n = 11) conditions. Each group participated in the study twice under true and respective sham stimulation with concurrent recordings of 64-channel EEG before, during, and after 8-min tPBM at 1064 nm or thermo_stim with temperature of 33-41 °C, respectively. After data preprocessing, EEG power spectral densities (PSD) per channel per subject were quantified and normalized by respective baseline PSD to remove the power-law effect. At the group level for each group, percent changes of EEG powers per channel were statistically compared between (1) tPBM vs light-stimulation sham, (2) thermo_stim vs heat-stimulation sham, and (3) tPBM vs thermo_stim after sham exclusion at five frequency bands using the non-parametric permutation tests. By performing the false discovery rate correction for multi-channel comparisons, we showed by EEG power change topographies that (1) tPBM significantly increased EEG alpha and beta powers, (2) the thermal stimulation created opposite effects on EEG power topographic patterns, and (3) tPBM and thermal stimulations induced significantly different topographies of changes in EEG alpha and beta power. Overall, this study provided evidence to support our hypothesis, showing that the laser-induced heat on the human forehead is not a mechanistic source causing increases in EEG power during and after tPBM.
Collapse
|
46
|
Cardoso FDS, Mansur FCB, Lopes-Martins RÁB, Gonzalez-Lima F, Gomes da Silva S. Transcranial Laser Photobiomodulation Improves Intracellular Signaling Linked to Cell Survival, Memory and Glucose Metabolism in the Aged Brain: A Preliminary Study. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:683127. [PMID: 34539346 PMCID: PMC8446546 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.683127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is often accompanied by exacerbated activation of cell death-related signaling pathways and decreased energy metabolism. We hypothesized that transcranial near-infrared laser may increase intracellular signaling pathways beneficial to aging brains, such as those that regulate brain cell proliferation, apoptosis, and energy metabolism. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the expression and activation of intracellular signaling proteins in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of aged rats (20 months old) treated with the transcranial near-infrared laser for 58 consecutive days. As compared to sham controls, transcranial laser treatment increased intracellular signaling proteins related to cell proliferation and cell survival, such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) and protein kinase B (PKB), also known as Akt that is linked to glucose metabolism. In addition, ERK is linked to memory, while ERK and JNK signaling pathways regulate glucose metabolism. Specifically, the laser treatment caused the activation of STAT3, ERK, and JNK signaling proteins in the cerebral cortex. In the hippocampus, the laser treatment increased the expression of p70S6K and STAT3 and the activation of Akt. Taken together, the data support the hypothesis that transcranial laser photobiomodulation improves intracellular signaling pathways linked to cell survival, memory, and glucose metabolism in the brain of aged rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrízio Dos Santos Cardoso
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Tecnológicas, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil.,Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | | | | | - Francisco Gonzalez-Lima
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Sérgio Gomes da Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Tecnológicas, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil.,Centro Universitário UNIFAMINAS (UNIFAMINAS), Muriaé, Brazil.,Hospital do Câncer de Muriaé, Fundação Cristiano Varella (FCV), Muriaé, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Cardoso FDS, Gonzalez-Lima F, Gomes da Silva S. Photobiomodulation for the aging brain. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101415. [PMID: 34325071 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Longevity is one of the great triumphs of humanity. Worldwide, the elderly is the fastest growing segment of the population. As a consequence, the number of cases of age-related cognitive decline and neurological diseases associated with aging, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, has been increasing. Among the non-pharmacological interventions studied for the treatment or prevention of age-related neurocognitive impairment, photobiomodulation (PBM) has gained prominence for its beneficial effects on brain functions relevant to aging brains. In animal models, the neuroprotective and neuromodulatory capacity of PBM has been observed. Studies using both animals and humans have shown promising metabolic and hemodynamic effects of PBM on the brain, such as improved mitochondrial and vascular functions. Studies in humans have shown that PBM can improve electrophysiological activity and cognitive functions such as attention, learning, memory and mood in older people. In this paper we will review the main brain effects of PBM during aging, discuss its mechanisms of action relevant to the aging brain, and call for more controlled studies in older populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrízio Dos Santos Cardoso
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Tecnológicas, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil; Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - F Gonzalez-Lima
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sérgio Gomes da Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Tecnológicas, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil; Centro Universitário UNIFAMINAS (UNIFAMINAS), Muriaé, MG, Brazil; Hospital do Câncer de Muriaé, Fundação Cristiano Varella (FCV), Muriaé, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Spera V, Sitnikova T, Ward MJ, Farzam P, Hughes J, Gazecki S, Bui E, Maiello M, De Taboada L, Hamblin MR, Franceschini MA, Cassano P. Pilot Study on Dose-Dependent Effects of Transcranial Photobiomodulation on Brain Electrical Oscillations: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:1481-1498. [PMID: 34092636 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) has recently emerged as a potential cognitive enhancement technique and clinical treatment for various neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders by delivering invisible near-infrared light to the scalp and increasing energy metabolism in the brain. OBJECTIVE We assessed whether transcranial photobiomodulation with near-infrared light modulates cerebral electrical activity through electroencephalogram (EEG) and cerebral blood flow (CBF). METHODS We conducted a single-blind, sham-controlled pilot study to test the effect of continuous (c-tPBM), pulse (p-tPBM), and sham (s-tPBM) transcranial photobiomodulation on EEG oscillations and CBF using diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) in a sample of ten healthy subjects [6F/4 M; mean age 28.6±12.9 years]. c-tPBM near-infrared radiation (NIR) (830 nm; 54.8 mW/cm2; 65.8 J/cm2; 2.3 kJ) and p-tPBM (830 nm; 10 Hz; 54.8 mW/cm2; 33%; 21.7 J/cm2; 0.8 kJ) were delivered concurrently to the frontal areas by four LED clusters. EEG and DCS recordings were performed weekly before, during, and after each tPBM session. RESULTS c-tPBM significantly boosted gamma (t = 3.02, df = 7, p < 0.02) and beta (t = 2.91, df = 7, p < 0.03) EEG spectral powers in eyes-open recordings and gamma power (t = 3.61, df = 6, p < 0.015) in eyes-closed recordings, with a widespread increase over frontal-central scalp regions. There was no significant effect of tPBM on CBF compared to sham. CONCLUSION Our data suggest a dose-dependent effect of tPBM with NIR on cerebral gamma and beta neuronal activity. Altogether, our findings support the neuromodulatory effect of transcranial NIR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Spera
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Clinical Experimental Medicine, Psychiatric Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tatiana Sitnikova
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,HMS/MGH Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Parya Farzam
- HMS/MGH Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeremy Hughes
- HMS/MGH Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel Gazecki
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric Bui
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marco Maiello
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Clinical Experimental Medicine, Psychiatric Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa.,Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maria Angela Franceschini
- HMS/MGH Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paolo Cassano
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Chan AS, Lee TL, Hamblin MR, Cheung MC. Photobiomodulation Enhances Memory Processing in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:1471-1480. [PMID: 33998541 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies of photobiomodulation (PBM) in patients with cognitive or psychological disorders (including traumatic brain injury, stroke, and dementia) have yielded some encouraging results. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of a single stimulation on memory in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS After PBM, hemodynamic changes, as a measure of functional brain activity, were evaluated using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Eighteen subjects who met the criteria of MCI were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. A single real or sham PBM session was administered to the forehead of each patient in the experimental and control groups, respectively. All subjects performed a visual memory span test before and after the stimulation, and their hemodynamic responses during the tasks were measured using fNIRS. RESULTS The results showed that among the MCI subjects, only those who received PBM, but not those who received the sham stimulation, demonstrated significant improvement in the visual memory performance and a reduction in the hemodynamic response during the tasks. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that PBM may reduce the cognitive efforts needed to complete tasks that require high memory loads, and thus improve the cognitive performance of individuals with MCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnes S Chan
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Research Centre for Neuropsychological Well-Being, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Tsz-Lok Lee
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Mei-Chun Cheung
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ghaderi AH, Jahan A, Akrami F, Moghadam Salimi M. Transcranial photobiomodulation changes topology, synchronizability, and complexity of resting state brain networks. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 33873167 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abf97c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) is a recently proposed non-invasive brain stimulation approach with various effects on the nervous system from the cells to the whole brain networks. Specially in the neural network level, tPBM can alter the topology and synchronizability of functional brain networks. However, the functional properties of the neural networks after tPBM are still poorly clarified.Approach. Here, we employed electroencephalography and different methods (conventional and spectral) in the graph theory analysis to track the significant effects of tPBM on the resting state brain networks. The non-parametric statistical analysis showed that just one short-term tPBM session over right medial frontal pole can significantly change both topological (i.e. clustering coefficient, global efficiency, local efficiency, eigenvector centrality) and dynamical (i.e. energy, largest eigenvalue, and entropy) features of resting state brain networks.Main results. The topological results revealed that tPBM can reduce local processing, centrality, and laterality. Furthermore, the increased centrality of central electrode was observed.Significance. These results suggested that tPBM can alter topology of resting state brain network to facilitate the neural information processing. On the other hand, the dynamical results showed that tPBM reduced stability of synchronizability and increased complexity in the resting state brain networks. These effects can be considered in association with the increased complexity of connectivity patterns among brain regions and the enhanced information propagation in the resting state brain networks. Overall, both topological and dynamical features of brain networks suggest that although tPBM decreases local processing (especially in the right hemisphere) and disrupts synchronizability of network, but it can increase the level of information transferring and processing in the brain network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Ghaderi
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Canada.,Department of psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Iranian Neurowave Lab, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Jahan
- Department of Speech Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Akrami
- Iranian Neurowave Lab, Isfahan, Iran.,Faculty of Health Management and Information, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Moghadam Salimi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|