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Li Y, Zheng Y, Rong L, Zhou Y, Zhu Z, Xie Q, Liang Z, Zhao X. Altered Function and Structure of the Cerebellum Associated with Gut-Brain Regulation in Crohn's Disease: a Structural and Functional MRI Study. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 23:2285-2296. [PMID: 39096431 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-024-01715-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
This study employed structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate changes in the function and structure of the cerebellum associated with gut-brain axis (GBA) regulation in patients diagnosed with Crohn's disease (CD). The study comprised 20 CD patients, including 12 with active disease (CD-A) and 8 in remission (CD-R), as well as 21 healthy controls. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was utilized for structural analysis of cerebellar gray matter volume, while independent component analysis (ICA) was applied for functional analysis of cerebellar functional connectivity (FC). The results showed significant GMV reduction in the left posterior cerebellar lobe across all CD patients compared to HCs, with more pronounced differences in the CD-A subgroup. Additionally, an increase in mean FC of the cerebellar network was observed in all CD patients, particularly in the CD-A subgroup, which demonstrated elevated FC in the vermis and bilateral posterior cerebellum. Correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between cerebellar FC and the Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and a trend toward a negative association with the reciprocal of the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) score in CD patients. The study's findings suggest that the cerebellum may play a role in the abnormal regulation of the GBA in CD patients, contributing to a better understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying CD and highlighting the cerebellum's potential role in modulating gut-brain interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Li
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanling Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Rong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Xie
- Department of Radiology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zonghui Liang
- Department of Radiology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaohu Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Yakemow G, Kolesar TA, Wright N, Beheshti I, Choi EH, Ryner L, Chaulk S, Patel R, Ko JH. Investigating neural markers of Alzheimer's disease in posttraumatic stress disorder using machine learning algorithms and magnetic resonance imaging. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1470727. [PMID: 39574505 PMCID: PMC11578870 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1470727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 11/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health disorder caused by experiencing or witnessing traumatic events. Recent studies show that patients with PTSD have an increased risk of developing dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), but there is currently no way to predict which patients will go on to develop AD. The objective of this study was to identify structural and functional neural changes in patients with PTSD that may contribute to the future development of AD. Methods Neuroimaging (pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling [pCASL] and structural magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) and behavioral data for the current study (n = 67) were taken from our non-randomized open label clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03229915) for treatment-seeking individuals with PTSD (n = 40) and age-matched healthy controls (HC; n = 27). Only the baseline measures were utilized for this study. Mean cerebral blood flow (CBF) and gray matter (GM) volume were compared between groups. Additionally, we utilized two previously established machine learning-based algorithms, one representing AD-like brain activity (Machine learning-based AD Designation [MAD]) and the other focused on AD-like brain structural changes (AD-like Brain Structure [ABS]). MAD scores were calculated from pCASL data and ABS scores were calculated from structural T1-MRI images. Correlations between neuroimaging data (regional CBF, GM volume, MAD scores, ABS scores) and PTSD symptom severity scores measured by the clinician-administered PTSD scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) were assessed. Results Decreased CBF was observed in two brain regions (left caudate/striatum and left inferior parietal lobule/middle temporal lobe) in the PTSD group, compared to the HC group. Decreased GM volume was also observed in the PTSD group in the right temporal lobe (parahippocampal gyrus, middle temporal lobe), compared to the HC group. GM volume within the right temporal lobe cluster negatively correlated with CAPS-5 scores and MAD scores in the PTSD group. Conclusion Results suggest that patients with PTSD with reduced GM volume in the right temporal regions (parahippocampal gyrus) experienced greater symptom severity and showed more AD-like brain activity. These results show potential for early identification of those who may be at an increased risk for future development of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Yakemow
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- PrairieNeuro Brain Research Centre, Health Sciences Centre, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Tiffany A. Kolesar
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- PrairieNeuro Brain Research Centre, Health Sciences Centre, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Natalie Wright
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- PrairieNeuro Brain Research Centre, Health Sciences Centre, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Undergraduate Medical Education, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Iman Beheshti
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- PrairieNeuro Brain Research Centre, Health Sciences Centre, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Eun Hyung Choi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- PrairieNeuro Brain Research Centre, Health Sciences Centre, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Lawrence Ryner
- Department of Radiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sarah Chaulk
- Department of Clinical Health Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ronak Patel
- Department of Clinical Health Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ji Hyun Ko
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- PrairieNeuro Brain Research Centre, Health Sciences Centre, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering, Price Faculty of Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Shahzad MN, Ali H. Deep learning based diagnosis of PTSD using 3D-CNN and resting-state fMRI data. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2024; 343:111845. [PMID: 38908302 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence rate of Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is currently increasing due to wars, terrorism, and pandemic disease situations. Therefore, accurate detection of PTSD is crucial for the treatment of the patients, for this purpose, the present study aims to classify individuals with PTSD versus healthy control. METHODS The resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) scans of 19 PTSD and 24 healthy control male subjects have been used to identify the activation pattern in most affected brain regions using group-level independent component analysis (ICA) and t-test. To classify PTSD-affected subjects from healthy control six machine learning techniques including random forest, Naive Bayes, support vector machine, decision tree, K-nearest neighbor, linear discriminant analysis, and deep learning three-dimensional 3D-CNN have been performed on the data and compared. RESULTS The rs-fMRI scans of the most commonly investigated 11 regions of trauma-exposed and healthy brains are analyzed to observe their level of activation. Amygdala and insula regions are determined as the most activated regions from the regions-of-interest in the brain of PTSD subjects. In addition, machine learning techniques have been applied to the components extracted from ICA but the models provided low classification accuracy. The ICA components are also fed into the 3D-CNN model, which is trained with a 5-fold cross-validation method. The 3D-CNN model demonstrated high accuracies, such as 98.12%, 98.25 %, and 98.00 % on average with training, validation, and testing datasets, respectively. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that 3D-CNN is a surpassing method than the other six considered techniques and it helps to recognize PTSD patients accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haider Ali
- Department of Statistics, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
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Van der Watt ASJ, Du Plessis S, Ahmed F, Roos A, Lesch E, Seedat S. Hippocampus, amygdala, and insula activation in response to romantic relationship dissolution stimuli: A case-case-control fMRI study on emerging adult students. J Affect Disord 2024; 356:604-615. [PMID: 38631423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Romantic relationship dissolutions (RRDs) are associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Functional magnetic resonance imaging in RRD studies indicate overlapping neural activation similar to posttraumatic stress disorder. These studies combine real and hypothetical rejection, and lack contextual information and control and/or comparison groups exposed to non-RRD or DSM-5 defined traumatic events. AIM We investigated blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) activation in the hippocampus, amygdala, and insula of participants with RRDs compared with other traumatic or non-trauma stressors. METHODS Emerging adults (mean age = 21.54 years; female = 74.7 %) who experienced an RRD (n = 36), DSM-5 defined trauma (physical and/or sexual assault: n = 15), or a non-RRD or DSM-5 stressor (n = 28) completed PTSS, depression, childhood trauma, lifetime trauma exposure, and attachment measures. We used a general and customised version of the International Affective Picture System to investigate responses to index-trauma-related stimuli. We used mixed linear models to assess between-group differences, and ANOVAs and Spearman's correlations to analyse factors associated with BOLD activation. RESULTS BOLD activity increased between index-trauma stimuli as compared to neutral stimuli in the hippocampus and amygdala, with no significant difference between the DSM-5 Trauma and RRD groups. Childhood adversity, sexual orientation, and attachment style were associated with BOLD activation changes. Breakup characteristics (e.g., initiator status) were associated with increased BOLD activation in the hippocampus and amygdala, in the RRD group. CONCLUSION RRDs should be considered as potentially traumatic events. Breakup characteristics are risk factors for experiencing RRDs as traumatic. LIMITATION Future studies should consider more diverse representation across sex, ethnicity, and sexual orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S J Van der Watt
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa.
| | - S Du Plessis
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; SAMRC Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - F Ahmed
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - A Roos
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - E Lesch
- Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - S Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; SAMRC Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
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5
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Lee J, Kim SH, Jang DC, Jang M, Bak MS, Shim HG, Lee YS, Kim SJ. Intrinsic plasticity of Purkinje cell serves homeostatic regulation of fear memory. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:247-256. [PMID: 38017229 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02320-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Two forms of plasticity, synaptic and intrinsic, are neural substrates for learning and memory. Abnormalities in homeostatic plasticity cause severe neuropsychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia and autism. This suggests that the balance between synaptic transmission and intrinsic excitability is important for physiological function in the brain. Despite the established role of synaptic plasticity between parallel fiber (PF) and Purkinje cell (PC) in fear memory, its relationship with intrinsic plasticity is not well understood. Here, patch clamp recording revealed depression of intrinsic excitability in PC following auditory fear conditioning (AFC). Depressed excitability balanced long-term potentiation of PF-PC synapse to serve homeostatic regulation of PF-evoked PC firing. We then optogenetically manipulated PC excitability during the early consolidation period resulting in bidirectional regulation of fear memory. Fear conditioning-induced synaptic plasticity was also regulated following optogenetic manipulation. These results propose intrinsic plasticity in PC as a novel mechanism of fear memory and elucidate that decreased intrinsic excitability in PC counterbalances PF-PC synaptic potentiation to maintain fear memory in a normal range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaegeon Lee
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Seung Ha Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Dong Cheol Jang
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Mirae Jang
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Myeong Seong Bak
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Hyun Geun Shim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Lee
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Memory Network Medical Research Center, Neuroscience Research Institute, Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Sang Jeong Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Memory Network Medical Research Center, Neuroscience Research Institute, Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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Healey K, Waters RC, Knight SG, Wandling GM, Hall NI, Jones BN, Shobande MJ, Melton JG, Pandey SC, Scott Swartzwelder H, Maldonado-Devincci AM. Adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure alters adult exploratory and affective behaviors, and cerebellar Grin2b expression in C57BL/6J mice. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 253:111026. [PMID: 38006668 PMCID: PMC10990063 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.111026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Binge drinking is one of the most common patterns (more than 90%) of alcohol consumption by young people. During adolescence, the brain undergoes maturational changes that influence behavioral control and affective behaviors, such as cerebellar brain volume and function in adulthood. We investigated long-term impacts of adolescent binge ethanol exposure on affective and exploratory behaviors and cerebellar gene expression in adult male and female mice. Further, the cerebellum is increasingly recognized as a brain region integrating a multitude of behaviors that span from the traditional primary sensory-motor to affective functions, such as anxiety and stress reactivity. Therefore, we investigated the persistent effects of adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) on exploratory and affective behaviors and began to elucidate the role of the cerebellum in these behaviors through excitatory signaling gene expression. We exposed C57BL/6J mice to AIE or air (control) vapor inhalation from postnatal day 28-42. After prolonged abstinence (>34 days), in young adulthood (PND 77+) we assessed behavior in the open field, light/dark, tail suspension, and forced swim stress tests to determine changes in affective behaviors including anxiety-like, depressive-like, and stress reactivity behavior. Excitatory signaling gene mRNA levels of fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein (FMR1), glutamate receptors (Grin2a, Grin2b and Grm5) and excitatory synaptic markers (PSD-95 and Eaat1) were measured in the cerebellum of adult control and AIE-exposed mice. AIE-exposed mice showed decreased exploratory behaviors in the open field test (OFT) where both sexes show reduced ambulation, however only females exhibited a reduction in rearing. Additionally, in the OFT, AIE-exposed females also exhibited increased anxiety-like behavior (entries to center zone). In the forced swim stress test, AIE-exposed male mice, but not females, spent less time immobile compared to their same-sex controls, indicative of sex-specific changes in stress reactivity. Male and female AIE-exposed mice showed increased Grin2b (Glutamate Ionotropic Receptor NMDA Type Subunit 2B) mRNA levels in the cerebellum compared to their same-sex controls. Together, these data show that adolescent binge-like ethanol exposure altered both exploratory and affective behaviors in a sex-specific manner and modified cerebellar Grin2b expression in adult mice. This indicates the cerebellum may serve as an important brain region that is susceptible to long-term molecular changes after AIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Healey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, 323 Foster St., Durham, NC 27701, United States
| | - Renee C Waters
- Department of Psychology, Hairston College of Health and Human Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, United States; Department of Psychology, Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, United States
| | - Sherilynn G Knight
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, United States
| | - Gabriela M Wandling
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nzia I Hall
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, United States; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, NC 27516, United States
| | - Brooke N Jones
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, United States
| | - Mariah J Shobande
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Bioengineering, College of Engineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, United States
| | - Jaela G Melton
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, United States
| | - Subhash C Pandey
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - H Scott Swartzwelder
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, 323 Foster St., Durham, NC 27701, United States
| | - Antoniette M Maldonado-Devincci
- Department of Psychology, Hairston College of Health and Human Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, United States.
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Bremner JD, Ortego RA, Campanella C, Nye JA, Davis LL, Fani N, Vaccarino V. Neural correlates of PTSD in women with childhood sexual abuse with and without PTSD and response to paroxetine treatment: A placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2023; 14:100615. [PMID: 38088987 PMCID: PMC10715797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Childhood sexual abuse is the leading cause of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in women, and is a prominent cause of morbidity and loss of function for which limited treatments are available. Understanding the neurobiology of treatment response is important for developing new treatments. The purpose of this study was to assess neural correlates of personalized traumatic memories in women with childhood sexual abuse with and without PTSD, and to assess response to treatment. Methods Women with childhood sexual abuse with (N = 28) and without (N = 17) PTSD underwent brain imaging with High-Resolution Positron Emission Tomography scanning with radiolabeled water for brain blood flow measurements during exposure to personalized traumatic scripts and memory encoding tasks. Women with PTSD were randomized to paroxetine or placebo followed by three months of double-blind treatment and repeat imaging with the same protocol. Results Women with PTSD showed decreases in areas involved in the Default Mode Network (DMN), a network of brain areas usually active when the brain is at rest, hippocampus and visual processing areas with exposure to traumatic scripts at baseline while women without PTSD showed increased activation in superior frontal gyrus and other areas (p < 0.005). Treatment of women with PTSD with paroxetine resulted in increased anterior cingulate activation and brain areas involved in the DMN and visual processing with scripts compared to placebo (p < 0.005). Conclusion PTSD related to childhood sexual abuse in women is associated with alterations in brain areas involved in memory and the stress response and treatment with paroxetine results in modulation of these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Douglas Bremner
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA
| | - Rebeca Alvarado Ortego
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Carolina Campanella
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jonathon A. Nye
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Lori L. Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL
- Tuscaloosa VA Medical Center, Tuscaloosa AL
| | - Negar Fani
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Viola Vaccarino
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta GA
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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Lee H, Oh S, Ha E, Joo Y, Suh C, Kim Y, Jeong H, Lyoo IK, Yoon S, Hong H. Cerebral cortical thinning in brain regions involved in emotional regulation relates to persistent symptoms in subjects with posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry Res 2023; 327:115345. [PMID: 37516039 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
A considerable proportion of individuals exposed to trauma experience chronic and persistent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the specific brain and clinical features that render trauma-exposed individuals more susceptible to enduring symptoms remain elusive. This study investigated 112 trauma-exposed participants who had been diagnosed with PTSD and 112 demographically-matched healthy controls. Trauma-exposed participants were classified into those with current PTSD (persistent PTSD, n = 78) and those without (remitted PTSD, n = 34). Cortical thickness analysis was performed to discern group-specific brain structural characteristics. Coping strategies and resilience levels, assessed as clinical attributes, were compared across the groups. The persistent PTSD group displayed cortical thinning in the superior frontal cortex (SFC), insula, superior temporal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, superior parietal cortex, and precuneus, relative to the remitted PTSD and control groups. Cortical thinning in the SFC was associated with increased utilization of maladaptive coping strategies, while diminished thickness in the insula correlated with lower resilience levels among trauma-exposed individuals. These findings imply that cortical thinning in brain regions related to coping strategy and resilience plays a vital role in the persistence of PTSD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyangwon Lee
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sohyun Oh
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunji Ha
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoonji Joo
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chaewon Suh
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yejin Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Kyoon Lyoo
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sujung Yoon
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Haejin Hong
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Gil-Paterna P, Furmark T. Imaging the cerebellum in post-traumatic stress and anxiety disorders: a mini-review. Front Syst Neurosci 2023; 17:1197350. [PMID: 37645454 PMCID: PMC10460913 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2023.1197350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent psychiatric conditions worldwide sharing many clinical manifestations and, most likely, neural mechanisms as suggested by neuroimaging research. While the so-called fear circuitry and traditional limbic structures of the brain, particularly the amygdala, have been extensively studied in sufferers of these disorders, the cerebellum has been relatively underexplored. The aim of this paper was to present a mini-review of functional (task-activity or resting-state connectivity) and structural (gray matter volume) results on the cerebellum as reported in magnetic resonance imaging studies of patients with PTSD or anxiety disorders (49 selected studies in 1,494 patients). While mixed results were noted overall, e.g., regarding the direction of effects and anatomical localization, cerebellar structures like the vermis seem to be highly involved. Still, the neurofunctional and structural alterations reported for the cerebellum in excessive anxiety and trauma are complex, and in need of further evaluation.
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Stanley AT, Post MR, Lacefield C, Sulzer D, Miniaci MC. Norepinephrine release in the cerebellum contributes to aversive learning. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4852. [PMID: 37563141 PMCID: PMC10415399 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40548-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The modulation of dopamine release from midbrain projections to the striatum has long been demonstrated in reward-based learning, but the synaptic basis of aversive learning is far less characterized. The cerebellum receives axonal projections from the locus coeruleus, and norepinephrine release is implicated in states of arousal and stress, but whether aversive learning relies on plastic changes in norepinephrine release in the cerebellum is unknown. Here we report that in mice, norepinephrine is released in the cerebellum following an unpredicted noxious event (a foot-shock) and that this norepinephrine release is potentiated powerfully with fear acquisition as animals learn that a previously neutral stimulus (tone) predicts the aversive event. Importantly, both chemogenetic and optogenetic inhibition of the locus coeruleus-cerebellum pathway block fear memory without impairing motor function. Thus, norepinephrine release in the cerebellum is modulated by experience and underlies aversive learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien T Stanley
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael R Post
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Clay Lacefield
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Sulzer
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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11
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Han Y, Yan H, Shan X, Li H, Liu F, Xie G, Li P, Guo W. Can the aberrant occipital-cerebellum network be a predictor of treatment in panic disorder? J Affect Disord 2023; 331:207-216. [PMID: 36965626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to detect altered brain activation pattern of patients with panic disorder (PD) and its changes after treatment. The possibilities of diagnosis and prediction of treatment response based on the aberrant brain activity were tested. METHODS Fifty-four PD patients and 54 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Clinical assessment and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were conducted. Then, patients received a 4-week paroxetine treatment and underwent a second clinical assessment and scan. The fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) was measured. Support vector machine (SVM) and support vector regression (SVR) analyses were conducted. RESULTS Lower fALFF values in the right calcarine/lingual gyrus and left lingual gyrus/cerebellum IV/V, whereas higher fALFF values in right cerebellum Crus II were observed in patients related to HCs at baseline. After treatment, patients with PD exhibited significant clinical improvement, and the abnormal lower fALFF values in the right lingual gyrus exhibited a great increase. The abnormal fALFF at pretreatment can distinguish patients from HCs with 80 % accuracy and predict treatment response which was reflected in the significant correlation between the predicted and actual treatment responses. LIMITATIONS The impacts of ethnic, cultural, and other regional differences on PD were not considered for it was a single-center study. CONCLUSIONS The occipital-cerebellum network played an important role in the pathophysiology of PD and should be a part of the fear network. The abnormal fALFF values in patients with PD at pretreatment could serve as biomarkers of PD and predict the early treatment response of paroxetine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiding Han
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Haohao Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Shan
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Huabing Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guojun Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
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12
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Dai Y, Zhou Z, Chen F, Zhang L, Ke J, Qi R, Lu G, Zhong Y. Altered dynamic functional connectivity associates with post-traumatic stress disorder. Brain Imaging Behav 2023; 17:294-305. [PMID: 36826627 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-023-00760-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Research has been looking into neural pathophysiology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and dynamic functioning connectivity (dFC) applying resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Previous studies showed that PTSD related impairments are associated with alterations distributed across different brain regions and disorganized functional connectivity, especially in Default Mode Network and the cerebellar area. In this study, we specifically looked into dFC on a whole brain level, and we focused on critical regions such as DMN and cerebellum. To explore the characteristics of dFC among patients with PTSD, we collected rs-fMRI data from 27 PTSD patients and 30 healthy controls. The study also added a control group of 33 trauma-exposed individuals to further look into trauma impact. Utilizing group spatial independent component analysis (ICA), the dynamic properties on whole brain level were detected with sliding time window approach, and k-means clustering. Two reoccurring FC "States" were identified, with connections being more concentrated on a within-network level in one state and more strongly inter-connected in the other state. Abnormalities in dFC were found within DMN, between DMN and cerebellum, and between DMN and visual network for PTSD patients. The findings were in accordance with the study hypothesis that the dFC alterations might point to deficits in emotional modulation and dysfunctional self-referential thought. Abnormalities in dFC among PTSD patients might also be indicators of PTSD symptoms including depression and anxiety, hypervigilance, impaired cognitive functioning and self-referential information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingliang Dai
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Radiology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), No.19, Xiuhua St, Xiuying Dic, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jun Ke
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rongfeng Qi
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangming Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Singleton SP, Wang JB, Mithoefer M, Hanlon C, George MS, Mithoefer A, Mithoefer O, Coker AR, Yazar-Klosinski B, Emerson A, Doblin R, Kuceyeski A. Altered brain activity and functional connectivity after MDMA-assisted therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder. Front Psychiatry 2023; 13:947622. [PMID: 36713926 PMCID: PMC9879604 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.947622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted therapy (MDMA-AT) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has demonstrated promise in multiple clinical trials. MDMA is hypothesized to facilitate the therapeutic process, in part, by decreasing fear response during fear memory processing while increasing extinction learning. The acute administration of MDMA in healthy controls modifies recruitment of brain regions involved in the hyperactive fear response in PTSD such as the amygdala, hippocampus, and insula. However, to date there have been no neuroimaging studies aimed at directly elucidating the neural impact of MDMA-AT in PTSD patients. Methods We analyzed brain activity and connectivity via functional MRI during both rest and autobiographical memory (trauma and neutral) response before and two-months after MDMA-AT in nine veterans and first-responders with chronic PTSD of 6 months or more. Results We hypothesized that MDMA-AT would increase amygdala-hippocampus resting-state functional connectivity, however we only found evidence of a trend in the left amygdala-left hippocampus (t = -2.91, uncorrected p = 0.0225, corrected p = 0.0901). We also found reduced activation contrast (trauma > neutral) after MDMA-AT in the cuneus. Finally, the amount of recovery from PTSD after MDMA-AT correlated with changes in four functional connections during autobiographical memory recall: the left amygdala-left posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), left amygdala-right PCC, left amygdala-left insula, and left isthmus cingulate-left posterior hippocampus. Discussion Amygdala-insular functional connectivity is reliably implicated in PTSD and anxiety, and both regions are impacted by MDMA administration. These findings compliment previous research indicating that amygdala, hippocampus, and insula functional connectivity is a potential target of MDMA-AT, and highlights other regions of interest related to memory processes. More research is necessary to determine if these findings are specific to MDMA-AT compared to other types of treatment for PTSD. Clinical trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02102802, identifier NCT02102802.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Parker Singleton
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Julie B. Wang
- MAPS Public Benefit Corporation, San Jose, CA, United States
| | - Michael Mithoefer
- MAPS Public Benefit Corporation, San Jose, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Colleen Hanlon
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Mark S. George
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Annie Mithoefer
- MAPS Public Benefit Corporation, San Jose, CA, United States
| | - Oliver Mithoefer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Allison R. Coker
- MAPS Public Benefit Corporation, San Jose, CA, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Amy Emerson
- MAPS Public Benefit Corporation, San Jose, CA, United States
| | - Rick Doblin
- Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies, San Jose, CA, United States
| | - Amy Kuceyeski
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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14
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Chin PW, Augustine GJ. The cerebellum and anxiety. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1130505. [PMID: 36909285 PMCID: PMC9992220 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1130505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the cerebellum is traditionally known for its role in motor functions, recent evidence points toward the additional involvement of the cerebellum in an array of non-motor functions. One such non-motor function is anxiety behavior: a series of recent studies now implicate the cerebellum in anxiety. Here, we review evidence regarding the possible role of the cerebellum in anxiety-ranging from clinical studies to experimental manipulation of neural activity-that collectively points toward a role for the cerebellum, and possibly a specific topographical locus within the cerebellum, as one of the orchestrators of anxiety responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wern Chin
- Program in Neuroscience & Mental Health, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - George J Augustine
- Program in Neuroscience & Mental Health, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Stevens JS, Roeckner AR. Unexpected circuit-level tradeoffs in human stress resilience. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:234-235. [PMID: 35918467 PMCID: PMC9700765 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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16
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Wang M, Tutt JO, Dorricott NO, Parker KL, Russo AF, Sowers LP. Involvement of the cerebellum in migraine. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:984406. [PMID: 36313527 PMCID: PMC9608746 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.984406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a disabling neurological disease characterized by moderate or severe headaches and accompanied by sensory abnormalities, e.g., photophobia, allodynia, and vertigo. It affects approximately 15% of people worldwide. Despite advancements in current migraine therapeutics, mechanisms underlying migraine remain elusive. Within the central nervous system, studies have hinted that the cerebellum may play an important sensory integrative role in migraine. More specifically, the cerebellum has been proposed to modulate pain processing, and imaging studies have revealed cerebellar alterations in migraine patients. This review aims to summarize the clinical and preclinical studies that link the cerebellum to migraine. We will first discuss cerebellar roles in pain modulation, including cerebellar neuronal connections with pain-related brain regions. Next, we will review cerebellar symptoms and cerebellar imaging data in migraine patients. Lastly, we will highlight the possible roles of the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in migraine symptoms, including preclinical cerebellar studies in animal models of migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Joseph O. Tutt
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | | | - Krystal L. Parker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Andrew F. Russo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States,Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States,Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Veterans Administration Health Center, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Levi P. Sowers
- Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Veterans Administration Health Center, Iowa City, IA, United States,Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States,*Correspondence: Levi P. Sowers
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17
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Blithikioti C, Nuño L, Guell X, Pascual-Diaz S, Gual A, Balcells-Olivero Μ, Miquel L. The cerebellum and psychological trauma: A systematic review of neuroimaging studies. Neurobiol Stress 2022; 17:100429. [PMID: 35146077 PMCID: PMC8801754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological trauma is highly prevalent among psychiatric disorders, however, the relationship between trauma, neurobiology and psychopathology is not yet fully understood. The cerebellum has been recognized as a crucial structure for cognition and emotion, however, it has been relatively ignored in the literature of psychological trauma, as it is not considered as part of the traditional fear neuro-circuitry. The aim of this review is to investigate how psychological trauma affects the cerebellum and to make conclusive remarks on whether the cerebellum forms part of the trauma-affected brain circuitry. A total of 267 unique records were screened and 39 studies were included in the review. Structural cerebellar alterations and aberrant cerebellar activity and connectivity in trauma-exposed individuals were consistently reported across studies. Early-onset of adverse experiences was associated with cerebellar alterations in trauma-exposed individuals. Several studies reported alterations in connectivity between the cerebellum and nodes of large-brain networks, which are implicated in several psychiatric disorders, including the default mode network, the salience network and the central executive network. Also, trauma-exposed individuals showed altered resting state and task based cerebellar connectivity with cortical and subcortical structures that are involved in emotion and fear regulation. Our preferred interpretation of the results is through the lens of the Universal Cerebellar Transform, the hypothesis that the cerebellum, given its homogeneous cytoarchitecture, performs a common computation for motor, cognitive and emotional functions. Therefore, trauma-induced alterations in this computation might set the ground for a variety of psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Blithikioti
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - L. Nuño
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Grup de Recerca en Addiccions Clinic. GRAC, Institut Clinic de Neurosciències, Barcelona, Spain
| | - X. Guell
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - S. Pascual-Diaz
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Core Facility, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. Gual
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Μ. Balcells-Olivero
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Grup de Recerca en Addiccions Clinic. GRAC, Institut Clinic de Neurosciències, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L. Miquel
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Grup de Recerca en Addiccions Clinic. GRAC, Institut Clinic de Neurosciències, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Roeckner AR, Oliver KI, Lebois LAM, van Rooij SJH, Stevens JS. Neural contributors to trauma resilience: a review of longitudinal neuroimaging studies. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:508. [PMID: 34611129 PMCID: PMC8492865 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01633-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resilience in the face of major life stressors is changeable over time and with experience. Accordingly, differing sets of neurobiological factors may contribute to an adaptive stress response before, during, and after the stressor. Longitudinal studies are therefore particularly effective in answering questions about the determinants of resilience. Here we provide an overview of the rapidly-growing body of longitudinal neuroimaging research on stress resilience. Despite lingering gaps and limitations, these studies are beginning to reveal individual differences in neural circuit structure and function that appear protective against the emergence of future psychopathology following a major life stressor. Here we outline a neural circuit model of resilience to trauma. Specifically, pre-trauma biomarkers of resilience show that an ability to modulate activity within threat and salience networks predicts fewer stress-related symptoms. In contrast, early post-trauma biomarkers of subsequent resilience or recovery show a more complex pattern, spanning a number of major circuits including attention and cognitive control networks as well as primary sensory cortices. This novel synthesis suggests stress resilience may be scaffolded by stable individual differences in the processing of threat cues, and further buttressed by post-trauma adaptations to the stressor that encompass multiple mechanisms and circuits. More attention and resources supporting this work will inform the targets and timing of mechanistic resilience-boosting interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa R. Roeckner
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Katelyn I. Oliver
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Lauren A. M. Lebois
- grid.240206.20000 0000 8795 072XDivision of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Sanne J. H. van Rooij
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Jennifer S. Stevens
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
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19
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Handy JD, Wright WG, Haskell A, Servatius L, Servatius RJ. Enhanced Acquisition and Retention of Conditioned Eyeblink Responses in Veterans Expressing PTSD Symptoms: Modulation by Lifetime History of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:595007. [PMID: 33363458 PMCID: PMC7752806 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.595007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced acquisition of eyeblink conditioning is observed in active duty military and veterans expressing PTSD symptoms (PTSD+) and those expressing temperamental vulnerabilities to develop PTSD after traumatic experiences, such as behaviorally inhibited temperament. There is a growing literature showing persistent cerebellar abnormalities in those experiencing mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI+) as well as linkages between mTBI and PTSD. With the dependency of eyeblink conditioning on cerebellar processes, the impact of mTBI on eyeblink conditioning in veterans expressing PTSD is unknown. The present study assessed eyeblink conditioning in veterans during two sessions separated by 1 week. With a focus on the accelerated learning of veterans expressing PTSD, training utilized a protocol which degrades learning through interspersing conditioned stimulus (CS) exposures amongst delay-type trials of CS and unconditional stimulus (US) co-terminating trials. Faster acquisition of the eyeblink conditioned responses (CR) was observed in PTSD during Week 1. The Week 2 assessment revealed an interaction of mTBI and PTSD, such that asymptotic performance of PTSD+ was greater than PTSD- among mTBI- veterans, whereas these groups did not differ in mTBI+ veterans. To further examine the relationship between enhanced sensitivity to acquire eyeblink conditioning and PTSD, cluster analysis was performed based on performance across training sessions. Those with enhanced sensitivity to acquire eyeblink conditioned responses expressed more PTSD symptoms, which were specific to Cluster C symptoms of avoidance, in addition to greater behavioral inhibition. These results support the continued investigation of the conditioned eyeblink response as a behavioral indicator of stress-related psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Handy
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Syracuse Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Syracuse, NY, United States.,Central New York Research Corporation, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - W Geoffrey Wright
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Syracuse Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Syracuse, NY, United States.,Neuromotor Sciences Program, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Amanda Haskell
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Syracuse Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Syracuse, NY, United States.,Central New York Research Corporation, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Labeeby Servatius
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Syracuse Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Syracuse, NY, United States.,Central New York Research Corporation, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Richard J Servatius
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Syracuse Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Syracuse, NY, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
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20
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Suo X, Lei D, Li W, Yang J, Li L, Sweeney JA, Gong Q. Individualized Prediction of PTSD Symptom Severity in Trauma Survivors From Whole-Brain Resting-State Functional Connectivity. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:563152. [PMID: 33408617 PMCID: PMC7779396 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.563152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated relations between spontaneous neural activity evaluated by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and symptom severity in post-traumatic stress disorder. However, few studies have used brain-based measures to identify imaging associations with illness severity at the level of individual patients. This study applied connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM), a recently developed data-driven and subject-level method, to identify brain function features that are related to symptom severity of trauma survivors. Resting-state fMRI scans and clinical ratings were obtained 10-15 months after the earthquake from 122 earthquake survivors. Symptom severity of post-traumatic stress disorder features for each survivor was evaluated using the Clinician Administered Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Scale (CAPS-IV). A functionally pre-defined atlas was applied to divide the human brain into 268 regions. Each individual's functional connectivity 268 × 268 matrix was created to reflect correlations of functional time series data across each pair of nodes. The relationship between CAPS-IV scores and brain functional connectivity was explored in a CPM linear model. Using a leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) procedure, findings showed that the positive network model predicted the left-out individual's CAPS-IV scores from resting-state functional connectivity. CPM predicted CAPS-IV scores, as indicated by a significant correspondence between predicted and actual values (r = 0.30, P = 0.001) utilizing primarily functional connectivity between visual cortex, subcortical-cerebellum, limbic, and motor systems. The current study provides data-driven evidence regarding the functional brain features that predict symptom severity based on the organization of intrinsic brain networks and highlights its potential application in making clinical evaluation of symptom severity at the individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Suo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Du Lei
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Wenbin Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingjiang Li
- Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - John A Sweeney
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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21
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Verger A, Rousseau PF, Malbos E, Chawki MB, Nicolas F, Lançon C, Khalfa S, Guedj E. Involvement of the cerebellum in EMDR efficiency: a metabolic connectivity PET study in PTSD. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2020; 11:1767986. [PMID: 33029312 PMCID: PMC7473141 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1767986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently reported an improvement of precuneus PET metabolism after EMDR therapy in military participants suffering from PTSD. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the metabolic changes of precuneus connectivity in these participants after such treatment. METHOD Fifteen participants with PTSD performed a brain 18F-FDG-PET sensitized by virtual reality exposure to war scenes, before and after EMDR treatment. Inter-regional correlation analysis was performed to study metabolic changes of precuneus connectivity through SPMT maps at whole-brain level (p < 0.005 for the voxel, p < 0.05 for the cluster). RESULTS A decrease of connectivity was observed after EMDR between the precuneus and two significant bilateral clusters of the cerebellum (bilateral Crus I and VI cerebellar lobules, Tmax voxel of 5.8 and 5.3, and cluster size of 343 and 314 voxels, respectively). Moreover, higher cerebellar metabolism before treatment was associated with reduced clinical PTSD scores after EMDR (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The posterior cerebellum and its metabolic connectivity with the precuneus are involved in the clinical efficiency of EMDR in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Verger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Nancyclotep Imaging Platform, CHRU Nancy, Lorraine University, Nancy, France.,Iadi, Inserm, Umr 1254, Lorraine University, Nancy, France
| | - P F Rousseau
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Sensorielles et Cognitives, Aix-Marseille Université CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - E Malbos
- Department of Psychiatry, La Conception University Hospital, Marseille, France.,Service de Psychiatrie, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Sainte-Anne, Toulon, France
| | - M B Chawki
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Nancyclotep Imaging Platform, CHRU Nancy, Lorraine University, Nancy, France
| | - F Nicolas
- CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Marseille, UMR 7249, Institut Fresnel, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - C Lançon
- Department of Psychiatry, La Conception University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - S Khalfa
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Sensorielles et Cognitives, Aix-Marseille Université CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - E Guedj
- Service de Psychiatrie, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Sainte-Anne, Toulon, France.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France.,CERIMED, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
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22
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Uldall SW, Madsen KH, Siebner HR, Lanius R, Frewen P, Fischer E, Madsen CG, Leffers AM, Rostrup E, Carlsson JL, Nejad AB. Processing of Positive Visual Stimuli Before and After Symptoms Provocation in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder - A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Trauma-Affected Male Refugees. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:2470547020917623. [PMID: 32518887 PMCID: PMC7254584 DOI: 10.1177/2470547020917623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Symptoms of anhedonia are often central to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but it is unclear how anhedonia is affected by processes induced by reliving past traumatic memories. Methods Sixty-nine male refugees (PTSD = 38) were interviewed and scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging while viewing positive, neutral and Scrambled Pictures after being read personalized scripts evoking an emotionally neutral memory and a traumatic memory. We further measured postprovocation state symptoms, physiological measures and PTSD symptoms. We tested whether neural activity associated with positive picture viewing in participants with PTSD was differentially affected by symptom provocation compared to controls. Results For the pictures > scrambled contrast (Positive contrast), PTSD participants had significantly less activity than controls in fusiform gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus and left middle occipital gyrus. The Positive contrast activity in fusiform gyrus scaled negatively with anhedonia symptoms in PTSD participants after controlling for total PTSD severity. Relative to the emotionally Neutral Script, the Trauma Script decreased positive picture viewing activity in posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus and left calcarine gyrus, but there was no difference between PTSD participants and controls. Conclusions We found reduced responsiveness of higher visual processing of emotionally positive pictures in PTSD. The significant correlation found between positive picture viewing activity and anhedonia suggests the reduced responsiveness to be due to the severity of anhedonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigurd W Uldall
- Competence Centre for Transcultural Psychiatry (CTP), Mental Health Centre Ballerup, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer H Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark.,Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Hartwig R Siebner
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Ruth Lanius
- Department of Psychiatry, London Health Sciences Centre, Canada
| | - Paul Frewen
- Department of Psychiatry, London Health Sciences Centre, Canada
| | - Elvira Fischer
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark.,iMotions, Denmark
| | - Camilla G Madsen
- Department of Radiology, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Anne-Mette Leffers
- Department of Radiology, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Egill Rostrup
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) & Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Centre Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Jessica L Carlsson
- Competence Centre for Transcultural Psychiatry (CTP), Mental Health Centre Ballerup, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ayna B Nejad
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark.,Translational Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology & Translational Medicine, Novo Nordisk A/S, Denmark
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23
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Thome J, Terpou BA, McKinnon MC, Lanius RA. The neural correlates of trauma-related autobiographical memory in posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis. Depress Anxiety 2020; 37:321-345. [PMID: 31815346 DOI: 10.1002/da.22977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autobiographical memory (AM) refers to memories of events that are personally relevant and are remembered from one's own past. The AM network is a distributed brain network comprised largely by prefrontal medial and posteromedial cortical brain regions, which together facilitate AM. Autobiographical memories with high arousal and negatively valenced emotional states are thought to be retrieved more readily and re-experienced more vividly. This is critical in the case of trauma-related AMs, which are related to altered phenomenological experiences as well as aberrations to the underlying neural systems in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Critically, these alterations to the AM network have not been explored recently and have never been analyzed with consideration to the different processes of AM, them being retrieval and re-experiencing. METHODS We conducted a series of effect-size signed differential mapping meta-analyses across twenty-eight studies investigating the neural correlates of trauma-related AMs in participants with PTSD as compared with controls. Studies included either trauma-related scripts or trauma-related materials (i.e., sounds, images, pictures) implemented to evoke the recollection of a trauma-related memory. RESULTS The meta-analyses revealed that control and PTSD participants displayed greater common brain activation of prefrontal medial and posteromedial cortices, respectively. Whereby the prefrontal medial cortices are suggested to facilitate retrieval monitoring, the posteromedial cortices are thought to enable the visual imagery processes of AM. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, reduced common activation of prefrontal cortices may be interpreted as a bias toward greater re-experiencing, where the more salient elements of the traumatic memory are relived as opposed to retrieved in a controlled manner in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Thome
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Theoretical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Braeden A Terpou
- Department of Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margaret C McKinnon
- Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruth A Lanius
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Wilcox CE, Adinoff B, Clifford J, Ling J, Witkiewitz K, Mayer AR, Boggs KM, Eck M, Bogenschutz M. Brain activation and subjective anxiety during an anticipatory anxiety task is related to clinical outcome during prazosin treatment for alcohol use disorder. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 26:102162. [PMID: 32037283 PMCID: PMC7229347 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher levels of anxiety, negative affect, and impaired emotion regulation are associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and contribute to relapse and worse treatment outcomes. Prazosin, while typically used to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other anxiety disorders, has shown promise for treating AUD. In order to better understand these underlying neural processes in individuals with AUD, our aims in this study were to measure brain activation during an anticipatory anxiety task before treatment to determine whether observed patterns supported previous work. We then aimed to measure the effects of prazosin on patients with AUD and explore whether greater baseline anticipatory anxiety (as measured by subjective and neural measures) predicts better treatment outcomes. METHODS Thirty-four individuals seeking treatment for AUD participated in a six-week placebo-controlled study of prazosin and underwent an anticipatory anxiety task during fMRI scans at baseline and three weeks. Alcohol use over six weeks was measured. RESULTS Greater levels of subjective anxiety and deactivation in posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) were observed during high-threat stimuli compared to low-threat stimuli. Compared to placebo, prazosin reduced subjective anxiety to high-threat stimuli but there were no observed significant effects of prazosin on brain activation during the task. However, AUD patients with greater vmPFC deactivation during high threat relative to low threat and patients with low baseline anticipatory anxiety during the task had worse clinical outcomes on prazosin. CONCLUSIONS Deactivation in PCC and vmPFC to high-threat stimuli replicated previous work and shows promise for further study as a marker for AUD. Although prazosin did not affect brain activation in the regions of interest during the anticipatory anxiety task, subjective levels of anxiety and brain activation in vmPFC predicted treatment outcomes in individuals with AUD undergoing treatment with prazosin, highlighting individuals more likely to benefit from prazosin than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Wilcox
- Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
| | - Bryon Adinoff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA; VA North Texas Health Care System, 4500 S Lancaster Rd, Dallas, TX 75216, USA; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, 13001 E 17th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Joshua Clifford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, 2400 Tucker NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Josef Ling
- Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Katie Witkiewitz
- Department of Psychology, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse & Addictions, University of New Mexico, 2650 Yale Blvd. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Andrew R Mayer
- Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Kylar M Boggs
- Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Matthew Eck
- Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA; University of Southern California, USA
| | - Michael Bogenschutz
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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25
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Fu S, Ma X, Li C, Wang T, Li C, Bai Z, Hua K, Yin Y, Wu Y, Yu K, Liu M, Ke Q, Tian J, Jiang G. Aberrant regional homogeneity in post-traumatic stress disorder after traffic accident: A resting-state functional MRI study. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 24:101951. [PMID: 31374398 PMCID: PMC6676011 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study explored the changes in spontaneous regional activity in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients, who experienced severe traffic accidents. METHODS 20 drug-naive PTSD patients and 18 healthy control subjects were imaged using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and analyzed by the algorithm of regional homogeneity (ReHo). RESULTS Compared to the healthy control group, the PTSD group showed decreased ReHo values in the right angular gyrus. In addition, a negative correlation was found between the activity level of the angular gyrus and the CAPS score. CONCLUSION The dysfunctions were found in the memory- and emotion-related areas, suggested a possible mechanism of memory dysregulation that might be related to the intrusive memory symptoms of PTSD. These results provided imaging evidence that might provide an in-depth understanding of the intrinsic functional architecture of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishun Fu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofen Ma
- The Department of Medical Imaging Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Southern Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhong Li
- The Department of Medical Imaging Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Southern Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyue Wang
- The Department of Medical Imaging Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Southern Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Bai
- The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Kelei Hua
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, People's Republic of China; The Department of Medical Imaging Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Southern Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yin
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, People's Republic of China; The Department of Medical Imaging Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Southern Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfan Wu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, People's Republic of China; The Department of Medical Imaging Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Southern Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Kanghui Yu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, People's Republic of China; The Department of Medical Imaging Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Southern Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengchen Liu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiying Ke
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Junzhang Tian
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, People's Republic of China; The Department of Medical Imaging Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Southern Medical University, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guihua Jiang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, People's Republic of China; The Department of Medical Imaging Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Southern Medical University, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Moreno-Rius J. The cerebellum under stress. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 54:100774. [PMID: 31348932 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stress-related psychiatric conditions are one of the main causes of disability in developed countries. They account for a large portion of resource investment in stress-related disorders, become chronic, and remain difficult to treat. Research on the neurobehavioral effects of stress reveals how changes in certain brain areas, mediated by a number of neurochemical messengers, markedly alter behavior. The cerebellum is connected with stress-related brain areas and expresses the machinery required to process stress-related neurochemical mediators. Surprisingly, it is not regarded as a substrate of stress-related behavioral alterations, despite numerous studies that show cerebellar responsivity to stress. Therefore, this review compiles those studies and proposes a hypothesis for cerebellar function in stressful conditions, relating it to stress-induced psychopathologies. It aims to provide a clearer picture of stress-related neural circuitry and stimulate cerebellum-stress research. Consequently, it might contribute to the development of improved treatment strategies for stress-related disorders.
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27
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Hilber P, Cendelin J, Le Gall A, Machado ML, Tuma J, Besnard S. Cooperation of the vestibular and cerebellar networks in anxiety disorders and depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 89:310-321. [PMID: 30292730 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The discipline of affective neuroscience is concerned with the neural bases of emotion and mood. The past decades have witnessed an explosion of research in affective neuroscience, increasing our knowledge of the brain areas involved in fear and anxiety. Besides the brain areas that are classically associated with emotional reactivity, accumulating evidence indicates that both the vestibular and cerebellar systems are involved not only in motor coordination but also influence both cognition and emotional regulation in humans and animal models. The cerebellar and the vestibular systems show the reciprocal connection with a myriad of anxiety and fear brain areas. Perception anticipation and action are also major centers of interest in cognitive neurosciences. The cerebellum is crucial for the development of an internal model of action and the vestibular system is relevant for perception, gravity-related balance, navigation and motor decision-making. Furthermore, there are close relationships between these two systems. With regard to the cooperation between the vestibular and cerebellar systems for the elaboration and the coordination of emotional cognitive and visceral responses, we propose that altering the function of one of the systems could provoke internal model disturbances and, as a result, anxiety disorders followed potentially with depressive states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Hilber
- Centre de Recherche sur les Fonctionnements et Dysfonctionnements Psychologigues, CRFDP EA 7475, Rouen Normandie University, Bat Blondel, Place E. Blondel 76821, Mont Saint Aignan cedex, France.
| | - Jan Cendelin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Anne Le Gall
- UMR UCBN/INSERM U 1075 COMETE, Pole des Formations et de Recherche en Sante, Normandie University, 2 Rue Rochambelles, 14032 Caen, cedex 5, France
| | - Marie-Laure Machado
- UMR UCBN/INSERM U 1075 COMETE, Pole des Formations et de Recherche en Sante, Normandie University, 2 Rue Rochambelles, 14032 Caen, cedex 5, France
| | - Jan Tuma
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Stephane Besnard
- UMR UCBN/INSERM U 1075 COMETE, Pole des Formations et de Recherche en Sante, Normandie University, 2 Rue Rochambelles, 14032 Caen, cedex 5, France
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28
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Selemon LD, Young KA, Cruz DA, Williamson DE. Frontal Lobe Circuitry in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. CHRONIC STRESS (THOUSAND OAKS, CALIF.) 2019; 3:2470547019850166. [PMID: 31435577 PMCID: PMC6703563 DOI: 10.1177/2470547019850166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder include hyperarousal, avoidance of trauma-related stimuli, re-experiencing of trauma, and mood changes. This review focuses on the frontal cortical areas that form crucial links in circuitry pertinent to posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology: (1) the conditioned fear extinction circuit, (2) the salience circuit, and (3) the mood circuit. These frontal areas include the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (conditioned fear extinction), the dorsal anterior cingulate and insular cortices (salience), and the lateral orbitofrontal and subgenual cingulate cortices (mood). Frontal lobe structural abnormalities in posttraumatic stress disorder, including volumetric reductions in the cingulate cortices, impact all three circuits. Functional analyses of frontal cortices in posttraumatic stress disorder show abnormal activation in all three according to task demand and emotional valence. Network analyses reveal altered amygdalo-frontal connectivity and failure to suppress the default mode network during cognitive engagement. Spine shape alterations also have been detected in the medial orbito-frontal cortex in posttraumatic stress disorder postmortem brains, suggesting reduced synaptic plasticity. Importantly, frontal lobe abnormalities in posttraumatic stress disorder extend beyond emotion-related circuits to include the lateral prefrontal cortices that mediate executive functions. In conclusion, widespread frontal lobe dysfunction in posttraumatic stress disorder provides a neurobiologic basis for the core symptomatology of the disorder, as well as for executive function impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn D. Selemon
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School
of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Keith A. Young
- Baylor Scott & White Psychiatry,
Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas A&M
College of Medicine, College Station, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs,
VISN
17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War
Veterans, Waco, TX,USA
| | - Dianne A. Cruz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral
Sciences,
Duke
University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Douglas E. Williamson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral
Sciences,
Duke
University, Durham, NC, USA
- Durham
VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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29
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Calati R, Maller JJ, Meslin C, Lopez-Castroman J, Ritchie K, Courtet P, Artero S. Repatriation is associated with isthmus cingulate cortex reduction in community-dwelling elderly. World J Biol Psychiatry 2018; 19:421-430. [PMID: 27844618 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1258490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The impact of stressful life events (SLEs) on brain anatomy is poorly understood, particularly its long-term neural consequences. We tested the hypothesis that a serious SLE (repatriation of French citizens living in Algeria in 1962) is associated with changes in brain regions previously implicated in psychopathology (hippocampus, amygdala, corpus callosum, prefrontal cortex, anterior, posterior and isthmus cingulate cortex (ICC)) in a large elderly population. METHODS Structural magnetic resonance imaging was used to acquire anatomical scans from 82 subjects repatriated from Algeria and 339 subjects without this experience or any other trauma. We derived quantitative regional estimates of subcortical volume using FreeSurfer Software. The General Linear Model was used to test the association between repatriation and changes in brain volume adjusted for confounders (gender, age, education, total brain volume, traumatic brain injury, Mini Mental State Examination score at baseline, current and lifetime major depression and recent SLEs). RESULTS Repatriation to France was associated with reduced volume in a number of areas; however, only left and right ICC survived to false discovery rate correction. CONCLUSIONS In the elderly a previous (approximately 40 years before) serious SLE could be associated with long-term volume reduction in the ICC, independently of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Calati
- a INSERM U1061, La Colombière Hospital, University of Montpellier UM1 , Montpellier , France.,b FondaMental Foundation, Créteil , France.,c Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post Acute Care , Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU , Montpellier , France
| | - Jerome J Maller
- d Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, The Alfred & Monash University Central Clinical School , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia.,e General Electric Healthcare , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Chantal Meslin
- f Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University , Canberra , Australia
| | - Jorge Lopez-Castroman
- a INSERM U1061, La Colombière Hospital, University of Montpellier UM1 , Montpellier , France.,g Department of Adult Psychiatry , CHRU , Nîmes , France
| | - Karen Ritchie
- a INSERM U1061, La Colombière Hospital, University of Montpellier UM1 , Montpellier , France
| | - Philippe Courtet
- a INSERM U1061, La Colombière Hospital, University of Montpellier UM1 , Montpellier , France.,b FondaMental Foundation, Créteil , France.,c Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post Acute Care , Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU , Montpellier , France
| | - Sylvaine Artero
- a INSERM U1061, La Colombière Hospital, University of Montpellier UM1 , Montpellier , France
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30
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Rabellino D, Densmore M, Théberge J, McKinnon MC, Lanius RA. The cerebellum after trauma: Resting-state functional connectivity of the cerebellum in posttraumatic stress disorder and its dissociative subtype. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:3354-3374. [PMID: 29667267 PMCID: PMC6866303 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum plays a key role not only in motor function but also in affect and cognition. Although several psychopathological disorders have been associated with overall cerebellar dysfunction, it remains unclear whether different regions of the cerebellum contribute uniquely to psychopathology. Accordingly, we compared seed-based resting-state functional connectivity of the anterior cerebellum (lobule IV-V), of the posterior cerebellum (Crus I), and of the anterior vermis across posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; n = 65), its dissociative subtype (PTSD + DS; n = 37), and non-trauma-exposed healthy controls (HC; n = 47). Here, we observed decreased functional connectivity of the anterior cerebellum and anterior vermis with brain regions involved in somatosensory processing, multisensory integration, and bodily self-consciousness (temporo-parietal junction, postcentral gyrus, and superior parietal lobule) in PTSD + DS as compared to PTSD and HC. Moreover, the PTSD + DS group showed increased functional connectivity of the posterior cerebellum with cortical areas related to emotion regulation (ventromedial prefrontal and orbito-frontal cortex, subgenual anterior cingulum) as compared to PTSD. By contrast, PTSD showed increased functional connectivity of the anterior cerebellum with cortical areas associated with visual processing (fusiform gyrus), interoceptive awareness (posterior insula), memory retrieval, and contextual processing (hippocampus) as compared to HC. Finally, we observed decreased functional connectivity between the posterior cerebellum and prefrontal regions involved in emotion regulation, in PTSD as compared to HC. These findings not only highlight the crucial role of each cerebellar region examined in the psychopathology of PTSD but also reveal unique alterations in functional connectivity distinguishing the dissociative subtype of PTSD versus PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rabellino
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
- Imaging DivisionLawson Health Research InstituteLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Maria Densmore
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
- Imaging DivisionLawson Health Research InstituteLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Jean Théberge
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
- Imaging DivisionLawson Health Research InstituteLondonOntarioCanada
- Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Margaret C. McKinnon
- Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph's HealthcareHamiltonOntarioCanada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural NeurosciencesMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
- Homewood Research InstituteGuelphOntarioCanada
| | - Ruth A. Lanius
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
- Imaging DivisionLawson Health Research InstituteLondonOntarioCanada
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Moreno-Rius J. The cerebellum in fear and anxiety-related disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 85:23-32. [PMID: 29627508 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fear and anxiety-related disorders are highly prevalent psychiatric conditions characterized by avoidant and fearful reactions towards specific stimuli or situations, which are disproportionate given the real threat such stimuli entail. These conditions comprise the most common mental disorder group. There are a high proportion of patients who fail to achieve remission and the presence of high relapse rates indicate the therapeutic options available are far from being fully efficient. Despite an increased understanding the neural circuits underlying fear and anxiety-related behaviors in the last decades, a factor that could be partially contributing to the lack of adequate therapies may be an insufficient understanding of the core features of the disorders and their associated neurobiology. Interestingly, the cerebellum shows connections with fear and anxiety-related brain areas and functional involvement in such processes, but explanations for its role in anxiety disorders are lacking. Therefore, the aims of this review are to provide an overview of the neural circuitry of fear and anxiety and its connections to the cerebellum, and of the animal studies that directly assess an involvement of the cerebellum in these processes. Then, the studies performed in patients suffering from anxiety disorders that explore the cerebellum will be discussed. Finally, we'll propose a function for the cerebellum in these disorders, which could guide future experimental approaches to the topic and lead to a better understanding of the neurobiology of anxiety-related disorders, ultimately helping to develop more effective treatments for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Moreno-Rius
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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32
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Facilitated acquisition of the classically conditioned eyeblink response in active duty military expressing posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Behav Brain Res 2018; 339:106-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Baldaçara L, Araújo C, Assunção I, Silva ID, Jackowski AP. Reduction of prefrontal thickness in military police officers with post-traumatic stress disorder. ARCH CLIN PSYCHIAT 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/0101-60830000000128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Baldaçara
- Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil; Federal University of Tocantins, Brazil
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34
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Wang X, Xie H, Cotton AS, Duval ER, Tamburrino MB, Brickman KR, Elhai JD, Ho SS, McLean SA, Ferguson EJ, Liberzon I. Preliminary Study of Acute Changes in Emotion Processing in Trauma Survivors with PTSD Symptoms. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159065. [PMID: 27415431 PMCID: PMC4944986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests traumatic experience can rapidly alter brain activation associated with emotion processing. However, little is known about acute changes in emotion neurocircuits that underlie PTSD symptom development. To examine acute alterations in emotion circuit activation and structure that may be linked to PTSD symptoms, thirty-eight subjects performed a task of appraisal of emotional faces as their brains were functionally and structurally studied with MRI at both two weeks and three months after motor vehicle collision (MVC). As determined by symptoms reported in the PTSD Checklist at three months, sixteen survivors developed probable PTSD, whereas the remaining 22 did not meet criteria for PTSD diagnosis (non-PTSD). The probable PTSD group had greater activation than the non-PTSD group in dorsal and ventral medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC and vmPFC) while appraising fearful faces within two weeks after MVC and in left insular cortex (IC) three months after MVC. dmPFC activation at two weeks significantly positively correlated with PTSD symptom severity at two weeks (R = 0.462, P = 0.006) and three months (R = 0.418, p = 0.012). Changes over time in dmPFC activation and in PTSD symptom severity were also significantly positively correlated in the probable PTSD group (R = 0.641, P = 0.018). A significant time by group interaction was found for volume changes in left superior frontal gyrus (SFG, F = 6.048, p = 0.019) that partially overlapped dmPFC active region. Between two weeks and three months, left SFG volume decreased in probable PTSD survivors. These findings identify alterations in frontal cortical activity and structure during the early post-trauma period that appear to be associated with development of PTSD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Hong Xie
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Andrew S Cotton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth R Duval
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Marijo B Tamburrino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kristopher R Brickman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jon D Elhai
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - S Shaun Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Samuel A McLean
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Eric J Ferguson
- Department of Trauma service, ProMedica Toledo Hospital, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Israel Liberzon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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35
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Wang T, Liu J, Zhang J, Zhan W, Li L, Wu M, Huang H, Zhu H, Kemp GJ, Gong Q. Altered resting-state functional activity in posttraumatic stress disorder: A quantitative meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27131. [PMID: 27251865 PMCID: PMC4890007 DOI: 10.1038/srep27131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Many functional neuroimaging studies have reported differential patterns of spontaneous brain activity in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but the findings are inconsistent and have not so far been quantitatively reviewed. The present study set out to determine consistent, specific regional brain activity alterations in PTSD, using the Effect Size Signed Differential Mapping technique to conduct a quantitative meta-analysis of resting-state functional neuroimaging studies of PTSD that used either a non-trauma (NTC) or a trauma-exposed (TEC) comparison control group. Fifteen functional neuroimaging studies were included, comparing 286 PTSDs, 203 TECs and 155 NTCs. Compared with NTC, PTSD patients showed hyperactivity in the right anterior insula and bilateral cerebellum, and hypoactivity in the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC); compared with TEC, PTSD showed hyperactivity in the ventral mPFC. The pooled meta-analysis showed hypoactivity in the posterior insula, superior temporal, and Heschl’s gyrus in PTSD. Additionally, subgroup meta-analysis (non-medicated subjects vs. NTC) identified abnormal activation in the prefrontal-limbic system. In meta-regression analyses, mean illness duration was positively associated with activity in the right cerebellum (PTSD vs. NTC), and illness severity was negatively associated with activity in the right lingual gyrus (PTSD vs. TEC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Medical Information Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering and Information, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Junran Zhang
- Department of Medical Information Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering and Information, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Wang Zhan
- Neuroimaging Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Min Wu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Medical Information Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering and Information, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Graham J Kemp
- Magnetic Resonance and Image Analysis Research Centre (MARIARC) and Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
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