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Tang P, Wang Y, Liao Q, Zhou Y, Huang H, Liang J, Zeng X, Qiu X. Relationship of urinary glyphosate concentrations with glycosylated hemoglobin and diabetes in US adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1644. [PMID: 38902690 PMCID: PMC11188266 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19126-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glyphosate is a commonly used herbicide worldwide and is purportedly associated with multiple health effects. Research assessing the association of glyphosate concentrations with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and the prevalence of diabetes is scarce. We sought to evaluate the association between urinary glyphosate levels and HbA1c levels and the prevalence of diabetes. METHODS A total of 2,745 adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2013 to 2016 were included in this study. Generalized linear models (GLM) were applied to evaluate the associations of glyphosate concentrations with HbA1c levels and the prevalence of diabetes. The dose-response relationship was examined using restricted cubic splines (RCS). RESULTS Significantly positive correlations of urinary glyphosate concentrations with HbA1c levels (percentage change: 1.45; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.96; P < 0.001) and the prevalence of diabetes (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.24, 1.68; P < 0.001) were found after adjustment. Compared with the lowest quartile of glyphosate levels, the highest quartile was positively associated with HbA1c levels (percentage change: 4.19; 95% CI: 2.54, 5.85; P < 0.001) and the prevalence of diabetes (OR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.37, 2.63; P < 0.001). The RCS curves demonstrated a monotonically increasing dose-response relationship between urinary glyphosate levels and the prevalence of diabetes and HbA1c levels. CONCLUSIONS Urinary glyphosate concentrations are positively associated with HBA1c levels and the prevalence of diabetes. To verify our findings, additional large-scale prospective investigations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Tang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning , Guangxi, 530021, China
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yican Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qian Liao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning , Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- School of Public Health, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, 423000, China
| | - Huishen Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning , Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning , Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning , Guangxi, 530021, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Qiu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning , Guangxi, 530021, China.
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Tizhe EV, Igbokwe IO, Njokwu COI, Fatihu MY, Tizhe UD, Ibrahim NDG. Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Altered Calcium Homeostasis, Parathyroid Gland, Bone, and Skeletal Muscle Histology Induced by Subchronic Oral Exposure to Glyphosate-Based Herbicide (GOBARA ®) in Wistar Rats. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (THOUSAND OAKS, VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.) 2024; 17:2632010X241265854. [PMID: 39070950 PMCID: PMC11282526 DOI: 10.1177/2632010x241265854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Objectives The study was carried out to assess the effect of zinc supplementation on changes in calcium homeostasis, and parathyroid gland, bone, and skeletal muscle histology in rats exposed to subchronic oral glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH, GOBARA®) toxicity. Methods Sixty male Wistar rats in 6 equal groups (DW, Z, G1, G2, ZG1, ZG2) were used: DW and Z were given 2 mL/kg distilled water and 50 mg/kg of zinc chloride (2%), respectively; G1 and G2 received 187.5 mg/kg and 375 mg/kg of glyphosate (in GBH), respectively; ZG1 and ZG2 were pretreated with 50 mg/kg of zinc chloride before receiving glyphosate, 1 hour later, at 187.5 and 375 mg/kg, respectively. Treatments were by gavage once daily for 16 weeks. Serum calcium, vitamin D, and parathormone were estimated. Histopathological examination of parathyroid gland, femoral bone and biceps femoris muscle was done. Results GBH exposure caused significant (P = .0038) decrease in serum calcium concentration in G1, significant (P = .0337) decrease in serum vitamin D concentration in G1, significant increases in parathormone in G1 (P = .0168) and G2 (P = .0079) compared to DW. Significant (P > .05) changes did not occur in the other parameters of G2 compared to DW. Dose-dependent effect in GBH exposure was not observed after comparing G1 and G2. Necrotic changes occurred in parathyroid gland cells, osteocytes, and muscle cells in G1 and G2. In ZG1 and ZG2, significant (P > .05) variations in the parameters were not observed and tissue lesions were absent. Conclusion Subchronic GBH exposure impaired calcium homeostasis observed as hypocalcemia, hypovitaminemia D, and secondary hyperparathyroidism and caused tissue damage in parathyroid gland, bone, and muscle of rats and these were mitigated by zinc chloride pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Vandi Tizhe
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Ikechukwu Onyebuchi Igbokwe
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Celestine Onwu-Ibe Njokwu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Yakasai Fatihu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Ussa Delia Tizhe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Najume Dogon-Giginya Ibrahim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
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Jayaraman S, Krishnamoorthy K, Prasad M, Veeraraghvan VP, Krishnamoorthy R, Alshuniaber MA, Gatasheh MK, Elrobh M. Glyphosate potentiates insulin resistance in skeletal muscle through the modulation of IRS-1/PI3K/Akt mediated mechanisms: An in vivo and in silico analysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124917. [PMID: 37207753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides have been linked to a higher risk of developing diabetes. Certain herbicides also operate as environmental toxins. Glyphosate is a popular and extremely effective herbicide for weed control in grain crops that inhibits the shikimate pathway. It has been shown to negatively influence endocrine function. Few studies have demonstrated that glyphosate exposure results in hyperglycemic and insulin resistance; but the molecular mechanism underlying the diabetogenic potential of glyphosate on skeletal muscle, a primary organ that includes insulin-mediated glucose disposal, is unknown. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of glyphosate on the detrimental changes in the insulin metabolic signaling in the gastrocnemius muscle. In vivo results showed that glyphosate exposure caused hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, increased glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), liver function, kidney function profile, and oxidative stress markers in a dose-dependent fashion. Conversely, hemoglobin and antioxidant enzymes were significantly reduced in glyphosate-induced animals indicating its toxicity is linked to induce insulin resistance. The histopathology of the gastrocnemius muscle and RT-PCR analysis of insulin signaling molecules revealed glyphosate-induced alteration in the expression of IR, IRS-1, PI3K, Akt, β-arrestin-2, and GLUT4 mRNA. Lastly, molecular docking and dynamics simulations confirmed that glyphosate showed a high binding affinity with target molecules such as Akt, IRS-1, c-Src, β-arrestin-2, PI3K, and GLUT4. The current work provides experimental proof that glyphosate exposure has a deleterious effect on the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, which in turn causes the skeletal muscle to become insulin resistant and eventually develop type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India.
| | - Kalaiselvi Krishnamoorthy
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India.
| | - Monisha Prasad
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India.
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghvan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India.
| | - Rajapandiyan Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad A Alshuniaber
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mansour K Gatasheh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed Elrobh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Type I Diabetes Pathoetiology and Pathophysiology: Roles of the Gut Microbiome, Pancreatic Cellular Interactions, and the 'Bystander' Activation of Memory CD8 + T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043300. [PMID: 36834709 PMCID: PMC9964837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) arises from the failure of pancreatic β-cells to produce adequate insulin, usually as a consequence of extensive pancreatic β-cell destruction. T1DM is classed as an immune-mediated condition. However, the processes that drive pancreatic β-cell apoptosis remain to be determined, resulting in a failure to prevent ongoing cellular destruction. Alteration in mitochondrial function is clearly the major pathophysiological process underpinning pancreatic β-cell loss in T1DM. As with many medical conditions, there is a growing interest in T1DM as to the role of the gut microbiome, including the interactions of gut bacteria with Candida albicans fungal infection. Gut dysbiosis and gut permeability are intimately associated with raised levels of circulating lipopolysaccharide and suppressed butyrate levels, which can act to dysregulate immune responses and systemic mitochondrial function. This manuscript reviews broad bodies of data on T1DM pathophysiology, highlighting the importance of alterations in the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway of pancreatic β-cells in driving mitochondrial dysfunction. The suppression of mitochondrial melatonin makes pancreatic β-cells susceptible to oxidative stress and dysfunctional mitophagy, partly mediated by the loss of melatonin's induction of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), thereby suppressing mitophagy and increasing autoimmune associated major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-1. The immediate precursor to melatonin, N-acetylserotonin (NAS), is a brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mimic, via the activation of the BDNF receptor, TrkB. As both the full-length and truncated TrkB play powerful roles in pancreatic β-cell function and survival, NAS is another important aspect of the melatonergic pathway relevant to pancreatic β-cell destruction in T1DM. The incorporation of the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway in T1DM pathophysiology integrates wide bodies of previously disparate data on pancreatic intercellular processes. The suppression of Akkermansia muciniphila, Lactobacillus johnsonii, butyrate, and the shikimate pathway-including by bacteriophages-contributes to not only pancreatic β-cell apoptosis, but also to the bystander activation of CD8+ T cells, which increases their effector function and prevents their deselection in the thymus. The gut microbiome is therefore a significant determinant of the mitochondrial dysfunction driving pancreatic β-cell loss as well as 'autoimmune' effects derived from cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. This has significant future research and treatment implications.
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Tizhe EV, Igbokwe IO, Njoku CO, Fatihu MY, Tizhe UD, Ibrahim NDG, Unanam ES, Korzerzer RM. Effect of zinc supplementation on immunotoxicity induced by subchronic oral exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide (GOBARA®) in Wistar rats. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605221147188. [PMID: 36636770 PMCID: PMC9841866 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221147188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of zinc supplementation on immunotoxicity induced by subchronic oral exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH). METHODS Sixty adult male Wistar rats randomly divided equally into six groups were exposed to GBH by gavage daily for 16 weeks with or without zinc pretreatment. Group DW rats received distilled water (2 mL/kg), group Z rats received zinc (50 mg/kg), and group G1 and G2 rats received 187.5 and 375 mg/kg GBH, respectively. Group ZG1 and ZG2 rats were pretreated with 50 mg/kg zinc before exposure to 187.5 and 375 mg/kg GBH, respectively. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, IgE) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Spleen, submandibular lymph node, and thymus samples were processed for histopathology. RESULTS Exposure to GBH (G1 and G2) significantly increased serum TNF-α concentrations and significantly decreased serum IgG and IgM concentrations compared with the control levels. Moderate-to-severe lymphocyte depletion occurred in the spleen, lymph nodes, and thymus in the GBH-exposed groups. Zinc supplementation mitigated the immunotoxic effects of GBH exposure. CONCLUSIONS GBH exposure increased pro-inflammatory cytokine responses, decreased immunoglobulin production, and depleted lymphocytes in lymphoid organs in rats, but zinc supplementation mitigated this immunotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel V Tizhe
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria,Emmanuel Vandi Tizhe, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Naraguta Campus, Ground Floor Room 3, University of Jos, P.M.B 2084, Jos, Plateau State 930001, Nigeria.
| | - Ikechukwu O Igbokwe
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Celestine O Njoku
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Y Fatihu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Ussa D Tizhe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Najume DG Ibrahim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Essienifiok S Unanam
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Rachel M Korzerzer
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
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Impact of Glyphosate on the Development of Insulin Resistance in Experimental Diabetic Rats: Role of NFκB Signalling Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122436. [PMID: 36552644 PMCID: PMC9774325 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate, an endocrine disruptor, has an adverse impact on human health through food and also has the potential to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can lead to metabolic diseases. Glyphosate consumption from food has been shown to have a substantial part in insulin resistance, making it a severe concern to those with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, minimal evidence exists on how glyphosate impacts insulin-mediated glucose oxidation in the liver. Hence the current study was performed to explore the potential of glyphosate toxicity on insulin signaling in the liver of experimental animals. For 16 weeks, male albino Wistar rats were given 50 mg, 100 mg and 250 mg/kg b. wt. of glyphosate orally. In the current study, glyphosate exposure group was linked to a rise in fasting sugar and insulin as well as a drop in serum testosterone. At the same time, in a dose dependent fashion, glyphosate exposure showed alternations in glucose metabolic enzymes. Glyphosate exposure resulted in a raise in H2O2 formation, LPO and a reduction in antioxidant levels those results in impact on membrane integrity and insulin receptor efficacy in the liver. It also registered a reduced levels of mRNA and protein expression of insulin receptor (IR), glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2) with concomitant increase in the production of proinflammatory factors such as JNK, IKKβ, NFkB, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α as well as transcriptional factors like SREBP1c and PPAR-γ leading to pro-inflammation and cirrhosis in the liver which results in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Our present findings for the first time providing an evidence that exposure of glyphosate develops insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes by aggravating NFkB signaling pathway in liver.
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Gomes ECZ, Teleken JL, Vargas R, Alegre-Maller ACP, Amorim JPDA, Bonfleur ML, Balbo SL. Exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide during early stages of development increases insulin sensitivity and causes liver inflammation in adult mice offspring. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2022; 20:eAO6778. [PMID: 35674629 PMCID: PMC9165568 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2022ao6778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of pre and postnatal exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide on glucose metabolism and liver histology in adult F1 mice offspring. METHODS Female mice (C57Bl/6) received 0.5% of glyphosate (Roundup Original DI®) in drinking water or purified water (Glyphosate Group and Control Group respectively) during pregnancy and lactation. Offspring (F1) were submitted to glucose and insulin tolerance tests and euthanized on postnatal day 150. Body and plasma parameters, and liver histology were analyzed. RESULTS Exposure to glyphosate reduced maternal body weight gain during pregnancy and lactation, with no impacts on litter size. Pre and postnatal exposure to glyphosate did not affect body parameters but increased glucose tolerance on postnatal day 60. In spite of glucose tolerance normalization by postnatal day 143, this effect was associated with higher insulin sensitivity relative to mice in the Control-F1 Group. Mice in the Glyphosate-F1 Group had mild and moderate lobular inflammation in the liver. CONCLUSION Maternal exposure to glyphosate affected insulin sensitivity and caused hepatic inflammation in adult F1 mice offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Carolina Zawoski Gomes
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do ParanáCascavelPRBrazilUniversidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, PR, Brazil.
| | - Jakeline Liara Teleken
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do ParanáCascavelPRBrazilUniversidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, PR, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do ParanáCascavelPRBrazilUniversidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, PR, Brazil.
| | - Ana Claudia Paiva Alegre-Maller
- Centro Universitário Fundação Assis GurgaczCascavelPRBrazilCentro Universitário Fundação Assis Gurgacz, Cascavel, PR, Brazil.
| | - João Paulo de Arruda Amorim
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do ParanáCascavelPRBrazilUniversidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, PR, Brazil.
| | - Maria Lúcia Bonfleur
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do ParanáCascavelPRBrazilUniversidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, PR, Brazil.
| | - Sandra Lucinei Balbo
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do ParanáCascavelPRBrazilUniversidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, PR, Brazil.
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Kale OE, Vongdip M, Ogundare TF, Osilesi O. The use of combined high-fructose diet and glyphosate to model rats type 2 diabetes symptomatology. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 31:126-137. [PMID: 33138673 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2020.1845889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
An ideal food-chemical combination that will promote insulin resistance and its consequent development of pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction may open a new vista for Type 2 diabetes (T2D) research. Thus, we investigated the modulatory effects of a high-fructose diet (FRC) combined with glyphosate (GP). Male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of eight/group and received distilled water, FRC, GP, and their combinations orally for eight consecutive weeks. We assessed the changes in fasting blood glucose levels (FBGLs), biochemical indices, oxidative stress parameters, and organ histopathology. From the results obtained, FBGLs and serum insulin levels were increased in the FRC-GP (2.3-3.1 and 1.9-2.2 folds) treated rats compared with the control baseline group. Also, the FRC-GP high dose increased FBGLs (1.9 folds), insulin (1.4 folds), triglycerides (1.5 folds), and uric acid (2 folds) levels compared with the FRC group. Malondialdehyde levels increased in the pancreas (54% and 78%) and liver (31.3% and 56.6%) of the FRC-GP treated rats. The FRC-GP treatments reduced serum high-density lipoprotein (57%), total protein (47%), and antioxidant parameters (non-enzymatic and enzymatic, 1.6-1.9 folds) respectively in the treated animals. The weight of the pancreas relative to the body increased (2-3 folds) while we observed mild inflammation and vascular congestion in vital organs in the treated rats. Overall, these results demonstrate the potential of FRC-GP-diet to induce conditions of rats T2D. Also, this novel finding suggests a cost-effective GP as an alternative in this model type and provides further insight into understanding FRC-GP interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi Ezekiel Kale
- Department of Pharmacology, Babcock University Benjamin S Carson Senior School of Medicine, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria
| | - Mary Vongdip
- Biochemistry, Benjamin Carson (Snr.) School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ikeja, Nigeria
| | - Temitope Funmi Ogundare
- Department of Pharmacology, Babcock University Benjamin S Carson Senior School of Medicine, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria
| | - Odutola Osilesi
- Biochemistry, Benjamin Carson (Snr.) School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ikeja, Nigeria
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Tizhe EV, Ibrahim NDG, Fatihu MY, Ambali SF, Igbokwe IO, Tizhe UD. Effect of zinc supplementation on chronic hepatorenal toxicity following oral exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide (Bushfire®) in rats. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520925343. [PMID: 32865084 PMCID: PMC7469744 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520925343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of zinc pretreatment on hepatorenal toxicity following chronic exposure to glyphosate-based herbicides in male rats. METHODS Following zinc pretreatment (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg), 14.4 to 750 mg/kg of oral glyphosate (Bushfire® herbicide) was administered daily for 36 weeks. Thereafter, serum samples were obtained following jugular venipuncture. Liver and kidney samples were processed for histopathological examination. RESULTS Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activity as well as levels of bicarbonate, calcium, creatinine were significantly increased following chronic exposure to Bushfire®. Serum levels of sodium, potassium, chloride, total protein, albumin, globulin and urea were unchanged. Moderate to severe coagulative necrosis of hepatocytes as well as glomerular and renal tubular necrosis were observed in herbicide-treated rats. Zinc pretreatment reduced the elevation of serum enzymes associated with hepatobiliary lesions, abrogated hypercalcemia and metabolic alkalosis, and mitigated serum accumulation of creatinine following Bushfire® exposure, but was ineffective in completely preventing histological lesions. CONCLUSION Chronic Bushfire® exposure in rats caused hepatorenal toxicity. The effects of exposure on serum parameters were ameliorated by zinc pretreatment, but the histopathological changes associated with toxicity persisted in milder forms in zinc-pretreated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Vandi Tizhe
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Najume Dogon-Giginya Ibrahim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Yakasai Fatihu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Suleiman Folorunsho Ambali
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Ikechukwu Onyebuchi Igbokwe
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Ussa Delia Tizhe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
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Zinc citrate incorporation with whey protein nanoparticles alleviate the oxidative stress complication and modulate gene expression in the liver of rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 125:439-451. [PMID: 30711718 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Sevim Ç, Çomaklı S, Taghizadehghalehjoughi A, Özkaraca M, Mesnage R, Kovatsi L, Burykina TI, Kalogeraki A, Antoniou MN, Tsatsakis A. An imazamox-based herbicide causes apoptotic changes in rat liver and pancreas. Toxicol Rep 2018; 6:42-50. [PMID: 30560060 PMCID: PMC6289906 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the acute toxicity of an imazamox-based herbicide at 12, 24 and 36 mg/kg body (bw) weight imazamox equivalent dose on the liver and pancreatic tissue in Sprague Dawley rats. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, glucose, calcium as well as creatinine, were determined in blood samples, which were collected after 24, 48 and 72 h exposure. Caspase 3 and anti-insulin expression and immunopositivity were evaluated using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The imazamox-based herbicide evaluated in this study induced toxic effects even from the lowest dose tested (12 mg/kg bw). The two highest doses caused a statistically significant cytotoxicity on the Langerhans islet cells. Necrotic and degenerative changes were detected in hepatocytes at the two highest doses. Imazamox is considered to be poorly toxic to the liver. Nevertheless, the imazamox-based herbicide formulation tested here reduced the size of the β-islet cells, induced an elevation in serum glucose and calcium. Our data shows that commercial formulations of imazamox containing various co-formulants can have hepatic and pancreatic toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çiğdem Sevim
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Selim Çomaklı
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ali Taghizadehghalehjoughi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Özkaraca
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Robin Mesnage
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leda Kovatsi
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Tatyana I Burykina
- Department of Analytical and Forensic Medical Toxicology, Sechenov University, 2-4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya st., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra Kalogeraki
- Department of Pathology-Cytopathology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Michael N Antoniou
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Toxicology & Forensic Sciences, Faculty Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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