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Cacciotto C, Dore GM, Cubeddu T, Burrai GP, Anfossi AG, Antuofermo E, Varoni MV, Demontis MP, Zobba R, Pittau M, Müller M, Alberti A. Ovine papillomavirus type 3 virus-like particle-based tools for diagnosis and detection of infection. Vaccine 2024:S0264-410X(24)00660-1. [PMID: 38839520 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The design of prophylactic and diagnostic tools specific to animal papillomaviruses is hampered by the difficulties of viral in vitro manipulation and by the scarce availability of dedicated biotechnological tools. This paper reports the production of Ovine Papillomavirus 3 (OaPV3)-based virus-like particles (OaPV3-VLPs) in the baculovirus system and their use to investigate host humoral immune response through the establishment of an indirect ELISA test., Polyclonal sera and monoclonal antibodies were generated against OaPV3-VLPs, and their isotype and reactivity were determined. Additionally, antibodies allowed OaPV3 detection in ovine squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) samples by immunohistochemistry. Results encourage the standardization of OaPV3-specific prophylactic and serological diagnostic tools, and open new perspectives for the study of host-viral interaction and SCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Cacciotto
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gian Mario Dore
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Sassari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cubeddu
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pietro Burrai
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Antuofermo
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Varoni
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Piera Demontis
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Sassari, Italy
| | - Rosanna Zobba
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco Pittau
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Alberti
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, Sassari, Italy.
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Polinas M, Cacciotto C, Zobba R, Antuofermo E, Burrai GP, Pirino S, Pittau M, Alberti A. Ovine papillomaviruses: Diversity, pathogenicity, and evolution. Vet Microbiol 2024; 289:109955. [PMID: 38160507 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The family Papillomaviridae includes a plethora of viral species infecting virtually all vertebrates excluding amphibians, with astonishing impact on human and animal health. Although more than 250 species have been described in humans, the total number of papillomaviruses (PVs) discovered in animals does not reach up to this number. In animals, PV infections are mostly asymptomatic or can cause variable clinical conditions ranging from self-limiting papillomas and other cutaneous and mucosal benign lesions to cancer. Most of animal PV types have been discovered in cattle, dogs, horses, and cats with other farm host species remaining overlooked. In particular, the number of PV types so far identified in sheep is limited. This paper comprehensively reviews ovine PVs features, including viral taxonomy and evolution; genome organization; viral tropism and pathogenesis; macroscopical features and histopathological patterns, as well as available diagnostics tools. Data are critically presented and discussed in terms of impact on veterinary and public health. The development of future dedicated research is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Polinas
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Carla Cacciotto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Rosanna Zobba
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Antuofermo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pietro Burrai
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pirino
- Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco Pittau
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Alberto Alberti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy.
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De Falco F, Cuccaro B, De Tullio R, Alberti A, Cutarelli A, De Carlo E, Roperto S. Possible etiological association of ovine papillomaviruses with bladder tumors in cattle. Virus Res 2023; 328:199084. [PMID: 36878382 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bladder tumors of cattle are very uncommon accounting from 0.1% to 0.01% of all bovine malignancies. Bladder tumors are common in cattle grazing on bracken fern-infested pasturelands. Bovine papillomaviruses have a crucial role in tumors of bovine urinary bladder. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the potential association of ovine papillomavirus (OaPV) infection with bladder carcinogenesis of cattle. METHODS Droplet digital PCR was used to detect and quantify the nucleic acids of OaPVs in bladder tumors of cattle that were collected at public and private slaughterhouses. RESULTS OaPV DNA and RNA were detected and quantified in 10 bladder tumors of cattle that were tested negative for bovine papillomaviruses. The most prevalent genotypes were OaPV1 and OaPV2. OaPV4 was rarely observed. Furthermore, we detected a significant overexpression and hyperphosphorylation of pRb and a significant overexpression and activation of the calpain-1 as well as a significant overexpression of E2F3 and of phosphorylated (activated) PDGFβR in neoplastic bladders in comparison with healthy bladders, which suggests that E2F3 and PDGFβR may play an important role in OaPV-mediated molecular pathways that lead to bladder carcinogenesis. CONCLUSION In all tumors, OaPV RNA could explain the causality of the disease of the urinary bladder. Therefore, persistent infections by OaPVs could be involved in bladder carcinogenesis. Our data showed that there is a possible etiologic association of OaPVs with bladder tumors of cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Falco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e delle Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Bianca Cuccaro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e delle Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta De Tullio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale (DIMES), Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto Alberti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Anna Cutarelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Esterina De Carlo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Sante Roperto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e delle Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Development of immunodiagnostic tools for in situ investigation of Ovis aries papillomavirus 3 (OaPV3). Vet Res Commun 2022; 47:641-649. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-10018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a malignant lesion characterized by proliferation and transformation of keratinocytes in the epidermis and infiltrating derma. cSCC is reported in domestic and wild animal species, worldwide. The occurrence and development of cSCC rely on synergic multifactorial conditions, most importantly sunlight exposure and Papillomavirus (PV) infection. In sheep, the development of such lesions represents a threat both to animal welfare and milk production. Ovis aries papillomavirus 3 (OaPV3) is the main cSCC viral determinant and oncogenic properties of viral E6 and E7 proteins were preliminarily investigated. However, E6 and E7 role and mechanisms resulting in cSCC have not been fully clarified, mainly due to the lack specific immunological tools, such as antibodies for in situ detection of ovine papillomavirus. This paper reports the development of specific serological tools for the investigation of OaPV3 pathogenicity, and their preliminary use to screen 4 ovine cSSC formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues. Relevance of immunological tools to investigation of viral biological properties and diagnosis are also discussed.
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De Falco F, Cutarelli A, Cuccaro B, Catoi C, De Carlo E, Roperto S. Evidence of a novel cross-species transmission by ovine papillomaviruses. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:3850-3857. [PMID: 36335589 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Ovine papillomavirus (OaPV) comprises four genotypes; OaPV1, OaPV2 and OaPV4 are fibropapillomaviruses within the genus Deltapapillomavirus, whereas OaPV3 is an epitheliotropic virus that belongs to the genus Dyokappapapillomavirus. To date, all of them have been known to infect sheep only. OaPV1, OaPV2 and OaPV4 have been associated with ovine cutaneous and mucosal fibropapillomas, whereas OaPV3 is a key factor in the squamous cell carcinoma pathway of the sheep skin. Whole blood samples obtained from 128 cattle at public slaughterhouses were investigated using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR). ddPCR is a new-generation PCR technique that enables an accurate and absolute quantification of target molecules with high sensitivity and specificity. All OaPVs were detected by identification and quantification of nucleic acids using specific fluorescent probes. Of 128 blood samples, 100 (∼78%) showed OaPV infections. Further, 42, 35 and 23 blood samples showed single, double and triple OaPV infections, respectively. OaPV1 was responsible for 22 single infections, OaPV2 caused 16 single infections and OaPV3 and OaPV4 caused two single infections each. OaPV1 and OaPV2 were the most frequent ovine viruses in dual and triple infections. In many blood samples, both ovine deltapapillomavirus and dyokappapapillomavirus were found to be transcriptionally active, as shown by the detection and quantification of E5 oncogene transcripts for OaPV1, L1 transcripts for OaPV2, E6 and E7 transcripts for OaPV3 and E6 for OaPV4. OaPVs were found in the blood samples from cattle that shared grasslands rich in bracken ferns known to contain immunosuppressant substances. Furthermore, OaPVs were also found in cattle from intensive livestock farming without any contact with sheep. Because OaPV DNA was detected in both grass hay and corn silage, it is conceivable that these feed may be the viral sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Falco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e delle Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Cutarelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Bianca Cuccaro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e delle Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cornel Catoi
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Esterina De Carlo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Sante Roperto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e delle Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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A REVIEW OF NEOPLASMS IN A POPULATION OF JAMAICAN FRUIT BATS (ARTIBEUS JAMAICENSIS) UNDER HUMAN CARE. J Zoo Wildl Med 2022; 53:583-592. [DOI: 10.1638/2021-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Equus caballus Papillomavirus Type-9 (EcPV9): First Detection in Asymptomatic Italian Horses. Viruses 2022; 14:v14092050. [PMID: 36146856 PMCID: PMC9504741 DOI: 10.3390/v14092050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillomavirus (PV) infections may be related to anogenital lesions and cancer development in humans and several other animal species. To date, 11 different PVs have been reported in horses. Among them, a newly described PV named Equus caballus Papillomavirus Type9 (EcPV9) was thus far only reported in the semen of a stallion with penile lesions in Australia. This study reports for the first time the presence of EcPV9 in asymptomatic Italian horses. From July 2020 to January 2022, genital brush samples were collected from 209 horses with no apparent signs of neoplastic disease and no PV-associated lesions, clinically examined at the Didactic Veterinary University Hospital (OVUD) of Perugia and at the Veterinary University Hospital (OVU) of Turin. Brushes were submitted to real-time PCR targeting the EcPV9-L1 region. The first amplification targeted a region of ~116 bp, followed by the amplification and sequencing of ~533 bp of the positive samples. EcPV9-L1 DNA was found in eleven horses (5.3%), all female and mainly English Thoroughbred. Co-infection with EcPV2-L1 was found in 7 out of the 11 EcPV9-L1 positive horses (63.6%). This study contributes to the description of the prevalence of exposure or infection of EcPVs in the horse population in Italy, for which data are still limited. In this regard, here we provide a phylogenetic analysis and the completely reconstructed viral genomes of two Italian EcPV type 9 isolates, as well as four EcPV type 2 obtained from co-infected animals.
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Alfaro-Mora R, Zobba R, Antuofermo E, Pietro Burrai G, Solinas R, Dolz G, Pittau M, Alberti A. Genome typing, Histopathology, and Evolution of BPV30, a Novel Xipapillomavirus type isolated from Bovine Papilloma in Costa Rica. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 83:101768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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De Falco F, Cutarelli A, D'Alessio N, Cerino P, Catoi C, Roperto S. Molecular Epidemiology of Ovine Papillomavirus Infections Among Sheep in Southern Italy. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:790392. [PMID: 34881323 PMCID: PMC8645557 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.790392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovine papillomaviruses (OaPVs) were detected and quantified, for the first time, using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) via blood samples of 165 clinically healthy sheep. OaPV DNA was detected in 126 blood samples (~76.4%). DdPCR detected OaPV DNA in 124 samples; in only two additional samples positive for real-time qPCR, ddPCR failed to detect the presence of any OaPVs. In 70 of the positive samples (~55.6%), a single OaPV infection was observed, 12 of which were caused by OaPV1 (~17.1%) and 14 by OaPV2 (20%). OaPV3 was responsible for 19 single infections (~27.1%), and OaPV4 for 25 single infections (~35.7%). Multiple OaPV coinfections were observed in 56 (~44.4%) positive samples. OaPV coinfections caused by two genotypes were observed in 31 positive samples (~55.4%), with dual OaPV3/OaPV4 infection being the most prevalent as seen in 11 blood samples. In addition, five OaPV1/OaPV4, four OaPV1/OaPV2, four OaPV2/OaPV3, four OaPV1/OaPV3, and three OaPV2/OaPV4 dual coinfections were also detected. OaPV coinfections by triple and quadruple genotypes were detected in 24 (~42.8%) and only one (~1.8%) of coinfected blood samples, respectively. Multiple infections caused by OaPV1/OaPV3/OaPV4 genotypes were the most prevalent, as observed in 12 (50%) blood samples harboring triple OaPV infections. This study showed that ddPCR is the most sensitive and accurate assay for OaPV detection and quantification thus outperforming real-time qPCR in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, ddPCR may represent the molecular diagnostic tool of choice, ultimately providing useful insights into OaPV molecular epidemiology and field surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Falco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Cutarelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Italy
| | - Nicola D'Alessio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Cerino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Italy
| | - Cornel Catoi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sante Roperto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Hassanien RT, Hamdy ME, Elnomrosy SM, Hussein HA, Afify AF, Darwish FM, Shehab G, Emran R, Abd-El-Moniem MII, Habashi AR, Fahmy HA, Ibraheem EM, Shahein MA, Attya M, Abdelhakim AMM, Hagag NM. Molecular characterization and pathological identification of a novel strain of delta papillomavirus-4 (bovine papillomavirus-2) in Egypt. Vet World 2021; 14:2296-2305. [PMID: 34840446 PMCID: PMC8613773 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2296-2305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Bovine papillomaviruses (BPV) are a heterogeneous group of oncoviruses, distributed globally, which produce major economic losses. In the current study, we compared the results of different diagnostic approaches and compared the strains identified in this study with previously characterized strains at local and international levels. Materials and Methods: Samples of skin warts were collected from five bovines with generalized papillomatosis from two Egyptian provinces, Menya and Ismailia, in 2020. Electron microscopy, molecular characterization, histopathological, and immunohistochemical examination were performed. Results: BPV was detected using electron microscopy in the collected samples. Using molecular characterization, BPV-2 was successfully identified for 1st time in Egypt. The strain has 99.6% identity with the BPV-2 reference strains obtained from GenBank. These results were supported by histopathology and immunohistochemistry examination. Partial nucleotide sequences of the L1 gene were submitted to GenBank with accession numbers MW289843 and MW289844. Conclusion: BPV-2 was reported for 1st time in the current study. The strain was identified grossly, microscopically, and pathologically and confirmed using molecular approaches. All results were consistent. The sequence analysis revealed that this strain has high sequence similarity to the reference Deltapapillomavirus-4, BPV-2 strains from Brazil and China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabab T Hassanien
- Department of Virology Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), 12618 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mervat E Hamdy
- Genome Research Unit, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), 12618 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sara M Elnomrosy
- Genome Research Unit, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), 12618 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba A Hussein
- Department of Virology Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), 12618 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F Afify
- Department of Virology Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), 12618 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Fatma M Darwish
- Department of Pathology Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), 12618 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gehan Shehab
- Department of Pathology Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), 12618 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rawhya Emran
- Department of Pathology Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), 12618 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mervat I I Abd-El-Moniem
- Department of Virology Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), 12618 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R Habashi
- Department of Virology Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), 12618 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanan A Fahmy
- Department of Biotechnology Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), 12618 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Essam M Ibraheem
- Department of Pathology Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), 12618 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Momtaz A Shahein
- Department of Virology Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), 12618 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Attya
- General Organization of Veterinary Services, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Naglaa M Hagag
- Genome Research Unit, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), 12618 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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11
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Papillomaviruses in Domestic Cats. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081664. [PMID: 34452528 PMCID: PMC8402708 DOI: 10.3390/v13081664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are well established to cause hyperplastic papillomas (warts) in humans and animals. In addition, due to their ability to alter cell regulation, PVs are also recognized to cause approximately 5% of human cancers and these viruses have been associated with neoplasia in a number of animal species. In contrast to other domestic species, cats have traditionally been thought to less frequently develop disease due to PV infection. However, in the last 15 years, the number of viruses and the different lesions associated with PVs in cats have greatly expanded. In this review, the PV life cycle and the subsequent immune response is briefly discussed along with methods used to investigate a PV etiology of a lesion. The seven PV types that are currently known to infect cats are reviewed. The lesions that have been associated with PV infections in cats are then discussed and the review finishes with a brief discussion on the use of vaccines to prevent PV-induced disease in domestic cats.
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12
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Transmucosal Solid Lipid Nanoparticles to Improve Genistein Absorption via Intestinal Lymphatic Transport. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020267. [PMID: 33669306 PMCID: PMC7920073 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein (GEN) is a soy-derived isoflavone that exhibits several biological effects, such as neuroprotective activity and the prevention of several types of cancer and cardiovascular disease. However, due to its poor water solubility and the extensive first-pass metabolism, the oral bioavailability of GEN is limited. In this work, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were developed to preferentially reach the intestinal lymphatic vessels, avoiding the first-pass metabolism of GEN. GEN-loaded SLN were obtained by a hot homogenization process, and the formulation parameters were chosen based on already formulated studies. The nanoparticles were characterized, and the preliminary in vitro chylomicron formation was evaluated. The cell uptake of selected nanocarriers was studied on the Caco-2 cell line and intestinal mucosa. The SLN, characterized by a spherical shape, showed an average diameter (about 280 nm) suitable for an intestinal lymphatic uptake, good stability during the testing time, and high drug loading capacity. Furthermore, the intestinal mucosa and Caco-2 cells were found to uptake SLN. The approximately two-fold increase in particle size suggested a possible interaction between SLN and the lipid components of chylomicrons like phospholipid; therefore, the results may support the potential for these SLN to improve oral GEN bioavailability via intestinal lymphatic absorption.
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13
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Proteomic profiles and cytokeratin 13 as a potential biomarker of Ovis aries papillomavirus 3-positive and negative cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. Res Vet Sci 2020; 134:112-119. [PMID: 33360571 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ovis aries papillomavirus 3 (OaPV3) is an epidermotropic PV reported in sheep cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The presence of OaPV3 DNA and its transcriptional activity in cutaneous SCC, as well as its in vitro transforming properties, suggest a viral etiology for this neoplasm. Nevertheless, the reactome associated with viral-host interaction is still unexplored. Here, we investigated and compared the proteomic profiles of OaPV3-positive SCCs, OaPV3-negative SCCs, and non-SCC samples by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, bioinformatics tools, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). OaPV3-positive SCCs (n = 3), OaPV3-negative SCCs (n = 3), and non-SCCs samples (n = 3) were subjected to a shotgun proteomic analysis workflow to assess protein abundance differences among the three sample classes. Proteins involved in epithelial cell differentiation, extracellular matrix organization, and apoptotic signaling showed different abundances in OaPV3-positive SCCs tissues (P ≤ 0.05) when compared to the other tissues. Cytokeratin 13 (CK 13) was among the most increased proteins in OaPV3-positive SCC and was validated by immunohistochemistry on 10 samples per class, confirming its potential as a biomarker of OaPV3 infection in SCC. Collectively, results provide a preliminary insight into the reactome associated with viral-host interaction and pave the way to the development of specific biomarkers for viral-induced sheep SCC.
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Histological and Immunohistochemical Features of Trichoblastoma in a Sarda Breed Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10112039. [PMID: 33158291 PMCID: PMC7694302 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Skin tumors in ruminants are occasionally reported and are mostly associated with the presence of oncogenic viruses, such as papillomavirus, or to direct skin exposure to solar radiation. Spontaneous tumors with adnexal differentiation, originating from the hair follicle or its associated glands, are even more rarely reported in these species. Investigation of the histological and immunohistochemical features of a trichoblastoma (tumor arising from the hair follicle) detected in the ear of a Sarda breed sheep, allowed for the study of comparative aspects of this tumor with other domestic species in which this neoplasm is commonly reported, such as in dogs and cats, and in human beings. This work contributed to the deepening of the knowledge of ovine spontaneous tumors unrelated to the presence of papillomaviruses. Abstract Skin tumors with adnexal differentiation are commonly reported in dogs and cats, while only anecdotal evidence is available in sheep. Here we illustrate the macroscopic, histologic, and immunohistochemical features of a cutaneous lesion with adnexal differentiation in a 6-year-old female Sarda breed sheep, surgically treated for a horn-like mass located in the left pinna. Additionally, we investigate a possible contribution of Ovine Papillomaviruses (OaPVs). Histologically, the dermis was expanded by an expansive and unencapsulated multilobulated nodule composed of cuboidal to spindle basaloid cells arranged in variably-sized cytokeratins (CK) AE1-AE3, CK 5/6 and CK 34 beta E12, p63—positive winding cords with a characteristic palisade arrangement of neoplastic cells in the periphery of the tumor. Based on these results, the cutaneous neoplasm was diagnosed as a trabecular trichoblastoma with spindle cells and rare structures resembling papillary mesenchymal bodies. Additionally, multiple enlarged sebaceous lobules clustered around dilated ducts suggestive of sebaceous gland hyperplasia were detected near the trichoblastoma. No PV DNA was found in the examined tissues, suggesting that ovine PVs are not involved in the pathogenesis of the present skin tumors with adnexal differentiation. Further investigations and efforts are required to elucidate the prevalence of skin tumors with adnexal differentiation in this species.
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15
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Bovine Papillomavirus 1 Gets Out of the Flock: Detection in an Ovine Wart in Sicily. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9060429. [PMID: 32486181 PMCID: PMC7350338 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9060429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A proliferative cauliflower lesion was excised from the udder of a sheep. Histological investigation confirmed the macroscopic classification of the lesion as a papilloma, without any fibroblastic proliferation. PCR revealed the presence of bovine papillomavirus (BPV), which was further confirmed by the identification of a Deltapapillomavirus4 by Next Generation Sequencing analysis. This was subsequently classified as bovine papillomavirus type 1. Negative staining electron microscopy (EM) analyses produced negative test results for papillomavirus particles. RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) confirmed the presence of BPV-1. The results further confirm the ability of BPVs belonging to the Deltapapillomavirus genus to infect distantly related species and to cause lesions that are different from sarcoids.
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16
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Clinico-Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study of Ruminant's Cutaneous Papillomavirus in Iraq. Vet Med Int 2020; 2020:5691974. [PMID: 32148749 PMCID: PMC7054784 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5691974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The papilloma viruses are constituted of double-stranded DNA and are a more common lesion in ruminant's skin in Iraq. The p53 tumor suppressor protein reveals an essential role in cell cycle control. This study intends to investigate the clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features of cutaneous papilloma in ruminants in Iraq. Samples had been collected from a total of 10 animals (three cattle, three goats, and four sheep) with multiple papillomatosis lesions. The samples were processed for histopathological and immunohistochemical techniques. Clinically, the lesions appeared as multiple various sizes (0.5–11 cm), cauliflower exophytic masses on different parts of the animal's body. The histopathological features of the epidermis granular layer revealed perinuclear vacuolation (koilocytosis) accompanied by various degrees of hypergranulosis, hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, orthokeratosis, and parakeratosis. Strong positive reaction for papillomavirus antigen was seen in both epidermal basal and granular layers in the immunohistochemical investigation (IHC). Moreover, all papilloma lesions revealed an intense positive p53 reaction in cytoplasmic and perinuclear of the basal and parabasal layers. In conclusion, this study described the papillomavirus lesions in bovine, ovine, and caprine animals, which were found in different parts areas of the affected animals. All lesions show similar histopathological features with minor variations. PV antigen and p53 protein expression showed positive results in immunohistochemistry that can be used as diagnostic markers for ruminant's papilloma.
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17
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Tore G, Dore GM, Cacciotto C, Accardi R, Anfossi AG, Bogliolo L, Pittau M, Pirino S, Cubeddu T, Tommasino M, Alberti A. Transforming properties of ovine papillomaviruses E6 and E7 oncogenes. Vet Microbiol 2019; 230:14-22. [PMID: 30827380 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies suggest that cutaneous papillomaviruses (PVs) might be involved in skin carcinogenesis. However, only a few animal PVs have been investigated regard to their transformation properties. Here, we investigate and compare the oncogenic potential of 2 ovine Delta and Dyokappa PVs, isolated from ovine skin lesions, in vitro and ex vivo. We demonstrate that both OaPV4 (Delta) and OaPV3 (Dyokappa) E6 and E7 immortalize primary sheep keratinocytes and efficiently deregulate pRb pathway, although they seem unable to alter p53 activity. Moreover, OaPV3 and OaPV4-E6E7 expressing cells show different shape, doubling time, and clonogenic activities, providing evidence for a stronger transforming potential of OaPV3 respect to OaPV4. Also, similarly to high-risk mucosal and cutaneous PVs, the OaPV3-E7 protein, constantly expressed in sheep squamous cell carcinomas, binds pRb with higher affinity compared to the E7 encoded by OaPV4, a virus associated to fibropapilloma. Finally, we found that OaPV3 and OaPV4-E6E7 determine upregulation of the pro-proliferative proteins cyclin A and cdk1 in both human and ovine primary keratinocytes. Collectively, results provide evidence for implication of ovine PVs in cutaneous proliferative lesions and skin cancer progression, and indicate sheep as a possible animal model for the study of cutaneous lesions and malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gessica Tore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Gian Mario Dore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Carla Cacciotto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Rosita Accardi
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Antonio G Anfossi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Luisa Bogliolo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco Pittau
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pirino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cubeddu
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Alberto Alberti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, University of Sassari, Italy.
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18
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Caswell JL, Bassel LL, Rothenburger JL, Gröne A, Sargeant JM, Beck AP, Ekman S, Gibson-Corley KN, Kuiken T, LaDouceur EEB, Meyerholz DK, Origgi FC, Posthaus H, Priestnall SL, Ressel L, Sharkey L, Teixeira LBC, Uchida K, Ward JM, Webster JD, Yamate J. Observational Study Design in Veterinary Pathology, Part 1: Study Design. Vet Pathol 2018; 55:607-621. [PMID: 30071806 DOI: 10.1177/0300985818785705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Observational studies are the basis for much of our knowledge of veterinary pathology and are highly relevant to the daily practice of pathology. However, recommendations for conducting pathology-based observational studies are not readily available. In part 1 of this series, we offer advice on planning and conducting an observational study with examples from the veterinary pathology literature. Investigators should recognize the importance of creativity, insight, and innovation in devising studies that solve problems and fill important gaps in knowledge. Studies should focus on specific and testable hypotheses, questions, or objectives. The methodology is developed to support these goals. We consider the merits and limitations of different types of analytic and descriptive studies, as well as of prospective vs retrospective enrollment. Investigators should define clear inclusion and exclusion criteria and select adequate numbers of study subjects, including careful selection of the most appropriate controls. Studies of causality must consider the temporal relationships between variables and the advantages of measuring incident cases rather than prevalent cases. Investigators must consider unique aspects of studies based on archived laboratory case material and take particular care to consider and mitigate the potential for selection bias and information bias. We close by discussing approaches to adding value and impact to observational studies. Part 2 of the series focuses on methodology and validation of methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff L Caswell
- 1 Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura L Bassel
- 1 Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jamie L Rothenburger
- 2 Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrea Gröne
- 3 Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan M Sargeant
- 4 Department of Population Medicine and Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda P Beck
- 5 Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Stina Ekman
- 6 Department of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katherine N Gibson-Corley
- 7 Department of Pathology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Thijs Kuiken
- 8 Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - David K Meyerholz
- 10 University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Francesco C Origgi
- 11 Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Horst Posthaus
- 12 Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon L Priestnall
- 13 Deparment Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo Ressel
- 14 Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Leslie Sharkey
- 15 Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, N. Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Leandro B C Teixeira
- 16 Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- 17 Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Jyoji Yamate
- 20 Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano City, Osaka, Japan
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Fornazari GA, Kravetz J, Kiupel M, Sledge D, Filho IRDB, Montiani-Ferreira F. Ocular squamous cell carcinoma in Holstein cows from the South of Brazil. Vet World 2017; 10:1413-1420. [PMID: 29391681 PMCID: PMC5771165 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.1413-1420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to investigate 10 cases of bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) diagnosed in Holstein or Holstein-crosses cows. Materials and Methods The investigation was performed exclusively in OSCC cases diagnosed in the State of Paraná and Santa Catarina. A combination of two previously existing histopathological classifications systems was used. The tissue samples were tested for immunoexpression of p53 and p16 and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for bovine herpesvirus and papillomavirus. Results A positive correlation between number of mitotic figures and tissue invasion was found. Anaplasia parameters did not correlate well with tumor invasion of deeper tissues and mitotic counts. Six of 10 OSCC cases were in animals with heavily pigmented eyes. Immunoexpression of p53 and p16 was observed in 3 cases each. Bovine herpesvirus and papillomavirus were not detected by PCR. Conclusions Our results indicate that OSCC occurrence is most likely multifactorial with genetic, phenotypic, and environmental influences contributing to the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle A Fornazari
- Graduate School Program in Veterinary Sciences (PPGCV-UFPR), Federal University of Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, 80035-050, Juvevê, Curitiba-PR, Brazil
| | - Juliana Kravetz
- Graduate School Program in Veterinary Sciences (PPGCV-UFPR), Federal University of Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, 80035-050, Juvevê, Curitiba-PR, Brazil
| | - Matti Kiupel
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, 4125 Beaumont RD BLDG 0215, Room 152A, Lansing, MI 48910, USA
| | - Dodd Sledge
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, 4125 Beaumont RD BLDG 0215, Room 152A, Lansing, MI 48910, USA
| | - Ivan Roque De Barros Filho
- Graduate School Program in Veterinary Sciences (PPGCV-UFPR), Federal University of Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, 80035-050, Juvevê, Curitiba-PR, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Montiani-Ferreira
- Graduate School Program in Veterinary Sciences (PPGCV-UFPR), Federal University of Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, 80035-050, Juvevê, Curitiba-PR, Brazil
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