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Cappelleri A, Canesi S, Bertola L, Capo V, Zecchillo A, Albano L, Villa A, Scanziani E, Recordati C. Pneumocystis murina lesions in lungs of experimentally infected Cd40l -/- mice. Vet Pathol 2024:3009858241252409. [PMID: 38757523 DOI: 10.1177/03009858241252409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The Cd40l-/- mouse is a well-established model of X-linked hyper-immunoglobulin M (IgM) syndrome, an immunodeficiency disorder of human beings characterized by the lack of expression of the CD40 ligand (CD40L) on activated T-cells, predisposing to infections with opportunistic pathogens like Pneumocystis jirovecii. The aim of our study was to describe the pulmonary lesions in Cd40l-/- mice experimentally infected with Pneumocystis murina, in comparison with naturally infected severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lungs from 26 Cd40l-/-, 11 SCID, and 5 uninfected Cd40l-/- mice were examined by histology and immunohistochemistry for the presence of the pathogen and for leukocyte populations (CD3, CD4, CD45R/B220, CD8a, Iba-1, Ly-6G, CD206, MHC II, and NKp46/NCR1). Infection was confirmed by immunohistochemistry in 18/26 (69%) Cd40l-/- mice and in 11/11 (100%) SCID mice. Fourteen out of 26 (54%) Cd40l-/- mice had interstitial pneumonia. Twenty-three out of 26 (88%) Cd40l-/- mice had peribronchiolar/perivascular lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates, rich in B-cells and Mott cells. Acidophilic macrophage pneumonia was additionally found in 20/26 (77%) Cd40l-/- mice. Only 4/11 (36%) SCID mice had interstitial pneumonia, but no peribronchiolar/perivascular infiltrates or acidophilic macrophage pneumonia were observed in this strain. This study represents the first description of pulmonary histopathological lesions in Cd40l-/- mice infected with P. murina. We speculate that the singular characteristics of the inflammatory infiltrates observed in Cd40l-/- mice could be explained by the specific immune phenotype of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cappelleri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), UniMi Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Canesi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), UniMi Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Bertola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), UniMi Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Capo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- National Research Council, Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, Milan Unit, Italy
| | - Alessandra Zecchillo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- National Research Council, Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, Milan Unit, Italy
| | - Luisa Albano
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Villa
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- National Research Council, Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, Milan Unit, Italy
| | - Eugenio Scanziani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), UniMi Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Camilla Recordati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), UniMi Foundation, Milan, Italy
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Weber K, Warfving N, Bruer GG, Krueger N, Okazaki Y, Schoenauer R, Schaudien D. Eosinophilic globules (syn. hyaline inclusions) and protein crystalloids in the nasal mucosa of rats treated with synthetic amorphous silica, an unspecific chitinase-like-protein-positive background lesion. Toxicol Lett 2024:S0378-4274(24)00083-3. [PMID: 38697234 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
In a 13-week inhalation toxicity study with three recovery periods (3, 6, and 12 months), Crl: WI rats were allocated to nine groups, each containing 25 animals per sex. Eight groups were treated daily by inhalation with the test items at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 mg/m3 (SAS 1 groups 2, 3, 4, or 5, respectively; SAS 2 groups 6, 7, 8, or 9, respectively). Controls (group 1) were treated with air only. In nasal cavities, the major lesions consisted of increased eosinophilic globules and chitinase-3-like-protein-positive crystalloids* in the nasal mucosa, mainly in nasal cavity levels 2-4 up to week 26 of recovery without any further injury in olfactory mucosa, mainly in SAS 1-treated animals. Eosinophilic globules in the rodent nasal cavity are common and increase with age; they represent a particular finding of the rodent nasal mucosa. The relevance of chitinase-3-like protein (Ym1 + Ym2) expression in the rodent nasal mucosa is unknown but is normal in control animals. Both findings developed without any indicator for inflammatory processes. The increase of these unspecific background findings is considered an indicator of minor irritative effects. Due to the clear lack of nasal tissue injury or concurrent changes (degeneration, necrosis, inflammatory infiltrate, dysplasia, and/or neoplasia) following repeated inhalation exposure to SAS, it is deemed that the eosinophilic globules (hyaline inclusions) combined with the formation of eosinophilic protein crystalloids in this study represent an adaptive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Weber
- AnaPath Services GmbH, Liestal, Switzerland.
| | | | - Gustav Gerd Bruer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Germany
| | - Nils Krueger
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Smart Materials, Hanau, Germany
| | | | | | - Dirk Schaudien
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Germany
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3
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Otaki N, Motomura Y, Terooatea T, Thomas Kelly S, Mochizuki M, Takeno N, Koyasu S, Tamamitsu M, Sugihara F, Kikuta J, Kitamura H, Shiraishi Y, Miyanohara J, Nagano Y, Saita Y, Ogura T, Asano K, Minoda A, Moro K. Activation of ILC2s through constitutive IFNγ signaling reduction leads to spontaneous pulmonary fibrosis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8120. [PMID: 38097562 PMCID: PMC10721793 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF), a condition characterized by inflammation and collagen deposition in the alveolar interstitium, causes dyspnea and fatal outcomes. Although the bleomycin-induced PF mouse model has improved our understanding of exogenous factor-induced fibrosis, the mechanism governing endogenous factor-induced fibrosis remains unknown. Here, we find that Ifngr1-/-Rag2-/- mice, which lack the critical suppression factor for group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), develop PF spontaneously. The onset phase of fibrosis includes ILC2 subpopulations with a high Il1rl1 (IL-33 receptor) expression, and fibrosis does not develop in ILC-deficient or IL-33-deficient mice. Although ILC2s are normally localized near bronchioles and blood vessels, ILC2s are increased in fibrotic areas along with IL-33 positive fibroblasts during fibrosis. Co-culture analysis shows that activated-ILC2s directly induce collagen production from fibroblasts. Furthermore, increased IL1RL1 and decreased IFNGR1 expressions are confirmed in ILC2s from individuals with idiopathic PF, highlighting the applicability of Ifngr1-/-Rag2-/- mice as a mouse model for fibrosis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Otaki
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Motomura
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tommy Terooatea
- Laboratory for Cellular Epigenomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - S Thomas Kelly
- Laboratory for Cellular Epigenomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Miho Mochizuki
- Laboratory for Immune Cell Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Natsuki Takeno
- Laboratory for Immune Cell Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shigeo Koyasu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Immune Cell Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Miu Tamamitsu
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sugihara
- Central Instrumentation Laboratory, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junichi Kikuta
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideya Kitamura
- Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Shiraishi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jun Miyanohara
- Discovery Accelerator, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuji Nagano
- Discovery Accelerator, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuji Saita
- Discovery Accelerator, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogura
- Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koichiro Asano
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Aki Minoda
- Laboratory for Cellular Epigenomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Kazuyo Moro
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan.
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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Harris ES, Novak L, Fernandez-Petty CM, Lindgren NR, Baker SM, Birket SE, Rowe SM. SNSP113 (PAAG) improves mucociliary transport and lung pathology in the Scnn1b-Tg murine model of CF lung disease. J Cyst Fibros 2023; 22:1104-1112. [PMID: 37714777 PMCID: PMC10843010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucus stasis, a hallmark of muco-obstructive disease, results from impaired mucociliary transport and leads to lung function decline and chronic infection. Although therapeutics that target mucus stasis in the airway, such as hypertonic saline or rhDNAse, show some therapeutic benefit, they do not address the underlying electrostatic defect apparent in mucins in CF and related conditions. We have previously shown poly (acetyl, arginyl) glucosamine (PAAG, developed as SNSP113), a soluble, cationic polymer, significantly improves mucociliary transport in a rat model of CF by normalizing the charge defects of CF mucin. Here, we report efficacy in the CFTR-sufficient, ENaC hyperactive, Scnn1b-Tg mouse model that develops airway muco-obstruction due to sodium hyperabsorption and airway dehydration. METHODS Scnn1b-Tg mice were treated with either 250 µg/mL SNSP113 or vehicle control (1.38% glycerol in PBS) via nebulization once daily for 7 days and then euthanized for analysis. Micro-Optical Coherence Tomography-based evaluation of excised mouse trachea was used to determine the effect on the functional microanatomy. Tissue analysis was performed by routine histopathology. RESULTS Nebulized treatment of SNSP113 significantly improved mucociliary transport in the airways of Scnn1b-Tg mice, without altering the airway surface or periciliary liquid layer. In addition, SNSP113 significantly reversed epithelial hypertrophy and goblet cell metaplasia. Finally, SNSP113 significantly ameliorated eosinophilic crystalline pneumonia and lung consolidation in addition to inflammatory macrophage influx in this model. CONCLUSION Overall, this study extends the efficacy of SNSP113 as a potential therapeutic to alleviate mucus stasis in muco-obstructive diseases in CF and potentially in related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elex S Harris
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lea Novak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Courtney M Fernandez-Petty
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Natalie R Lindgren
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Susan E Birket
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Steven M Rowe
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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5
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Cooper TK, Meyerholz DK, Beck AP, Delaney MA, Piersigilli A, Southard TL, Brayton CF. Research-Relevant Conditions and Pathology of Laboratory Mice, Rats, Gerbils, Guinea Pigs, Hamsters, Naked Mole Rats, and Rabbits. ILAR J 2022; 62:77-132. [PMID: 34979559 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals are valuable resources in biomedical research in investigations of biological processes, disease pathogenesis, therapeutic interventions, safety, toxicity, and carcinogenicity. Interpretation of data from animals requires knowledge not only of the processes or diseases (pathophysiology) under study but also recognition of spontaneous conditions and background lesions (pathology) that can influence or confound the study results. Species, strain/stock, sex, age, anatomy, physiology, spontaneous diseases (noninfectious and infectious), and neoplasia impact experimental results and interpretation as well as animal welfare. This review and the references selected aim to provide a pathology resource for researchers, pathologists, and veterinary personnel who strive to achieve research rigor and validity and must understand the spectrum of "normal" and expected conditions to accurately identify research-relevant experimental phenotypes as well as unusual illness, pathology, or other conditions that can compromise studies involving laboratory mice, rats, gerbils, guinea pigs, hamsters, naked mole rats, and rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy K Cooper
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - David K Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Amanda P Beck
- Department of Pathology, Yeshiva University Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Martha A Delaney
- Zoological Pathology Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Alessandra Piersigilli
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology and the Genetically Modified Animal Phenotyping Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Teresa L Southard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Cory F Brayton
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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6
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Aegerter H, Smole U, Heyndrickx I, Verstraete K, Savvides SN, Hammad H, Lambrecht BN. Charcot-Leyden crystals and other protein crystals driving type 2 immunity and allergy. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 72:72-78. [PMID: 33873124 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Protein crystals derived from innate immune cells have been synonymous with a Type-2 immune response in both mouse and man for over 150 years. Eosinophilic Galectin-10 (Charcot-Leyden) crystals in humans, and Ym1/Ym2 crystals in mice are frequently found in the context of parasitic infections, but also in diseases such as asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis. Despite their notable presence, these crystals are often overlooked as trivial markers of Type-2 inflammation. Here, we discuss the source, context, and role of protein crystallization. We focus on similarities observed between Galectin-10 and Ym1/2 crystals in driving immune responses; the subsequent benefit to the host during worm infection, and conversely the detrimental exacerbation of inflammation and mucus production during asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Aegerter
- Immunoregulation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ursula Smole
- Immunoregulation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ines Heyndrickx
- Immunoregulation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kenneth Verstraete
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Savvas N Savvides
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hamida Hammad
- Immunoregulation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Immunoregulation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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7
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Goldblatt DL, Flores JR, Valverde Ha G, Jaramillo AM, Tkachman S, Kirkpatrick CT, Wali S, Hernandez B, Ost DE, Scott BL, Chen J, Evans SE, Tuvim MJ, Dickey BF. Inducible epithelial resistance against acute Sendai virus infection prevents chronic asthma-like lung disease in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:2256-2273. [PMID: 31968123 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Respiratory viral infections play central roles in the initiation, exacerbation and progression of asthma in humans. An acute paramyxoviral infection in mice can cause a chronic lung disease that resembles human asthma. We sought to determine whether reduction of Sendai virus lung burden in mice by stimulating innate immunity with aerosolized Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists could attenuate the severity of chronic asthma-like lung disease. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mice were treated by aerosol with 1-μM oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) M362, an agonist of the TLR9 homodimer, and 4-μM Pam2CSK4 (Pam2), an agonist of the TLR2/6 heterodimer, within a few days before or after Sendai virus challenge. KEY RESULTS Treatment with ODN/Pam2 caused ~75% reduction in lung Sendai virus burden 5 days after challenge. The reduction in acute lung virus burden was associated with marked reductions 49 days after viral challenge in eosinophilic and lymphocytic lung inflammation, airway mucous metaplasia, lumenal mucus occlusion and hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. Mechanistically, ODN/Pam2 treatment attenuated the chronic asthma phenotype by suppressing IL-33 production by type 2 pneumocytes, both by reducing the severity of acute infection and by down-regulating Type 2 (allergic) inflammation. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These data suggest that treatment of susceptible human hosts with aerosolized ODN and Pam2 at the time of a respiratory viral infection might attenuate the severity of the acute infection and reduce initiation, exacerbation and progression of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Goldblatt
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jose R Flores
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gabriella Valverde Ha
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ana M Jaramillo
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sofya Tkachman
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carson T Kirkpatrick
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shradha Wali
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Belinda Hernandez
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David E Ost
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Jichao Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Scott E Evans
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael J Tuvim
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Burton F Dickey
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Ilves M, Vilske S, Aimonen K, Lindberg HK, Pesonen S, Wedin I, Nuopponen M, Vanhala E, Højgaard C, Winther JR, Willemoës M, Vogel U, Wolff H, Norppa H, Savolainen K, Alenius H. Nanofibrillated cellulose causes acute pulmonary inflammation that subsides within a month. Nanotoxicology 2018; 12:729-746. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1472312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marit Ilves
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara Vilske
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kukka Aimonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Saila Pesonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Esa Vanhala
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Casper Højgaard
- Liderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob R. Winther
- Liderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Willemoës
- Liderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Wolff
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Norppa
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kai Savolainen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Alenius
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Santagostino SF, Arbona RJR, Nashat MA, White JR, Monette S. Pathology of Aging in NOD scid gamma Female Mice. Vet Pathol 2017; 54:855-869. [PMID: 28355107 DOI: 10.1177/0300985817698210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, NOD.Cg- Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG, NOD scid gamma) mice have become a model of choice in several areas of biomedical research; however, comprehensive data on their spontaneous age-related pathology are not currently available in the literature. The prevalence of spontaneous morbidity affecting aged NSG female breeders enrolled in a parasitology study was documented with classification of neoplastic and non-neoplastic (inflammatory, metabolic, degenerative) lesions. Malignant mammary neoplasms were most commonly diagnosed, often accompanied by pulmonary metastases, while a low frequency of lymphoma and histiocytic sarcoma was documented. The major inflammatory conditions were suppurative pleuropneumonia and bronchopneumonia with abscess formation, from which Pasteurella pneumotropica was commonly isolated, followed by otitis media. Both inflammatory and degenerative lesions of the genital tract were identified, along with neoplasms such as endometrial yolk sac carcinomas and granulosa cell tumors. Novel conditions identified included renal tubular degeneration and necrosis associated with 2 concurrent types of intranuclear inclusions, focal or multifocal hyperostosis of the skull, and neuroendocrine tumors of the mesometrium. The majority of degenerative lesions that affected the genital tract, endocrine, and skeletal systems did not represent the actual underlying cause of death but rather were considered incidental findings. This study indicates that both inflammatory and neoplastic conditions contribute to morbidity and mortality in experimentally manipulated aged female NSG mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara F Santagostino
- 1 Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, The Rockefeller University, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rodolfo J Ricart Arbona
- 2 Tri-Institutional Training Program in Laboratory Animal Medicine and Science, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, and The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,3 Center for Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa A Nashat
- 2 Tri-Institutional Training Program in Laboratory Animal Medicine and Science, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, and The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julie R White
- 1 Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, The Rockefeller University, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sebastien Monette
- 1 Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, The Rockefeller University, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Ichii O, Chihara M, Lee SH, Nakamura T, Otsuka-Kanazawa S, Horino T, Elewa YHA, Kon Y. Hydronephrosis with ureteritis developed in C57BL/6N mice carrying the congenic region derived from MRL/MpJ-type chromosome 11. Autoimmunity 2016; 50:114-124. [PMID: 28010137 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2016.1261831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Inbred MRL/MpJ mice show several unique phenotypes in tissue regeneration processes and the urogenital and immune systems. Clarifying the genetic and molecular bases of these phenotypes requires the analysis of their genetic susceptibility locus. Herein, hydronephrosis development was incidentally observed in MRL/MpJ-derived chromosome 11 (D11Mit21-212)-carrying C57BL/6N-based congenic mice, which developed bilateral or unilateral hydronephrosis in both males and females with 23.5% and 12.5% prevalence, respectively. Histopathologically, papillary malformations of the transitional epithelium in the pelvic-ureteric junction seemed to constrict the ureter luminal entrance. Characteristically, eosinophilic crystals were observed in the lumen of diseased ureters. These ureters were surrounded by infiltrating cells mainly composed of numerous CD3+ T-cells and B220+ B-cells. Furthermore, several Iba-1+ macrophages, Gr-1+ granulocytes, mast cells and chitinase 3-like 3/Ym1 (an important inflammatory lectin)-positive cells were detected. Eosinophils also accumulated to these lesions in diseased ureters. Some B6.MRL-(D11Mit21-D11Mit212) mice had duplicated ureters. We determined >100 single nucleotide variants between C57BL/6N- and MRL/MpJ-type chromosome 11 congenic regions, which were associated with nonsynonymous substitution, frameshift or stopgain of coding proteins. In conclusion, B6.MRL-(D11Mit21-D11Mit212) mice spontaneously developed hydronephrosis due to obstructive uropathy with inflammation. Thus, this mouse line would be useful for molecular pathological analysis of obstructive uropathy in experimental medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Ichii
- a Laboratory of Anatomy , Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Masataka Chihara
- b R&D Department, Daiichi Sankyo Healthcare Co., Ltd. , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shin-Hyo Lee
- c Department of Anatomy , Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Teppei Nakamura
- a Laboratory of Anatomy , Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan.,d Section of Biological Safety Research, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories , Chitose , Japan
| | - Saori Otsuka-Kanazawa
- a Laboratory of Anatomy , Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Taro Horino
- e Department of Endocrinology , Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University , Nankoku , Japan , and
| | - Yaser Hosny Ali Elewa
- a Laboratory of Anatomy , Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan.,f Department of Histology and Cytology , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt
| | - Yasuhiro Kon
- a Laboratory of Anatomy , Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
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11
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Radaelli E, Castiglioni V, Recordati C, Gobbi A, Capillo M, Invernizzi A, Scanziani E, Marchesi F. The Pathology of Aging 129S6/SvEvTac Mice. Vet Pathol 2015; 53:477-92. [PMID: 26467077 DOI: 10.1177/0300985815608673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The 129 mouse strain is commonly used for the generation of genetically engineered mice. Genetic drift or accidental contamination during outcrossing has resulted in several 129 substrains. Comprehensive data on spontaneous age-related pathology exist for the 129S4/SvJae substrain, whereas only limited information is available for other 129 substrains. This longitudinal aging study describes the life span and spontaneous lesions of 44 male and 18 female mice of the 129S6/SvEvTac substrain. Median survival time was 778 and 770 days for males and females, respectively. Tumors of lung and Harderian gland were the most common neoplasms in both sexes. Hepatocellular tumors occurred mainly in males. Hematopoietic tumors were observed at low frequency. Suppurative and ulcerative blepharoconjunctivitis was the most common nonneoplastic condition in both sexes. Corynebacteria (primarily Corynebacterium urealyticum and C. pseudodiphtheriticum) were isolated from animals with blepharoconjunctivitis and in some cases from unaffected mice, although a clear causal association between corynebacterial infections and blepharoconjunctivitis could not be inferred. Polyarteritis occurred only in males and was identified as the most common nonneoplastic contributory cause of death. Eosinophilic crystalline pneumonia occurred in both sexes and was a relevant cause of death or comorbidity. Epithelial hyalinosis at extrapulmonary sites was noted at higher frequency in females. This study contributes important data on the spontaneous age-related pathology of the 129S6/SvEvTac mouse substrain and is a valuable reference for evaluation of the phenotype in genetically engineered mice obtained with this 129 substrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Radaelli
- VIB11 Center for the Biology of Disease, KU Leuven Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium InfraMouse, KU Leuven-VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - V Castiglioni
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory, Filarete Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - C Recordati
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory, Filarete Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - A Gobbi
- COGENTECH SCARL, Milan, Italy Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - M Capillo
- COGENTECH SCARL, Milan, Italy Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - A Invernizzi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Sezione di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - E Scanziani
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory, Filarete Foundation, Milan, Italy Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - F Marchesi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
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12
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Rydman EM, Ilves M, Vanhala E, Vippola M, Lehto M, Kinaret PAS, Pylkkänen L, Happo M, Hirvonen MR, Greco D, Savolainen K, Wolff H, Alenius H. A Single Aspiration of Rod-like Carbon Nanotubes Induces Asbestos-like Pulmonary Inflammation Mediated in Part by the IL-1 Receptor. Toxicol Sci 2015; 147:140-55. [PMID: 26048651 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have been eagerly studied because of their multiple applications in product development and potential risks on health. We investigated the difference of two different CNT and asbestos in inducing proinflammatory reactions in C57BL/6 mice after single pharyngeal aspiration exposure. We used long tangled and long rod-like CNT, as well as crocidolite asbestos at a dose of 10 or 40 µg/mouse. The mice were sacrificed 4 and 16 h or 7, 14, and 28 days after the exposure. To find out the importance of a major inflammatory marker IL-1β in CNT-induced pulmonary inflammation, we used etanercept and anakinra as antagonists as well as Interleukin 1 (IL-1) receptor (IL-1R-/-) mice. The results showed that rod-like CNT, and asbestos in lesser extent, induced strong pulmonary neutrophilia accompanied by the proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines 16 h after the exposure. Seven days after the exposure, neutrophilia had essentially disappeared but strong pulmonary eosinophilia peaked in rod-like CNT and asbestos-exposed groups. After 28 days, pulmonary granulomas, goblet cell hyperplasia, and Charcot-Leyden-like crystals containing acidophilic macrophages were observed especially in rod-like CNT-exposed mice. IL-1R-/- mice and antagonists-treated mice exhibited a significant decrease in neutrophilia and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels of proinflammatory cytokines at 16 h. However, rod-like CNT-induced Th2-type inflammation evidenced by the expression of IL-13 and mucus production was unaffected in IL-1R-/- mice at 28 days. This study provides knowledge about the pulmonary effects induced by a single exposure to the CNT and contributes to hazard assessment of carbon nanomaterials on airway exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina M Rydman
- *Nanosafety Research Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki 00250, Finland
| | - Marit Ilves
- *Nanosafety Research Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki 00250, Finland
| | - Esa Vanhala
- *Nanosafety Research Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki 00250, Finland
| | - Minnamari Vippola
- Department of Materials Science, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere 33101, Finland; and
| | - Maili Lehto
- *Nanosafety Research Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki 00250, Finland
| | - Pia A S Kinaret
- *Nanosafety Research Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki 00250, Finland
| | - Lea Pylkkänen
- *Nanosafety Research Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki 00250, Finland
| | - Mikko Happo
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Dario Greco
- *Nanosafety Research Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki 00250, Finland
| | - Kai Savolainen
- *Nanosafety Research Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki 00250, Finland
| | - Henrik Wolff
- *Nanosafety Research Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki 00250, Finland
| | - Harri Alenius
- *Nanosafety Research Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki 00250, Finland;
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Roediger B, Kyle R, Tay SS, Mitchell AJ, Bolton HA, Guy TV, Tan SY, Forbes-Blom E, Tong PL, Köller Y, Shklovskaya E, Iwashima M, McCoy KD, Le Gros G, Fazekas de St Groth B, Weninger W. IL-2 is a critical regulator of group 2 innate lymphoid cell function during pulmonary inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:1653-1663.e7. [PMID: 26025126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic lung diseases. However, the upstream signals that regulate ILC2 function during pulmonary inflammation remain poorly understood. ILC2s have been shown to respond to exogenous IL-2, but the importance of endogenous IL-2 in ILC2 function in vivo remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We sought to understand the role of IL-2 in the regulation of ILC2 function in the lung. METHODS We used histology, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and quantitative PCR with knockout and reporter mice to dissect pulmonary ILC2 function in vivo. We examined the role of ILC2s in eosinophilic crystalline pneumonia, an idiopathic type 2 inflammatory lung condition of mice, and the effect of IL-2 deficiency on this disease. We determined the effect of IL-2 administration on pulmonary ILC2 numbers and function in mice in the steady state and after challenge with IL-33. RESULTS We discovered an unexpected role for innate cell-derived IL-2 as a major cofactor of ILC2 function during pulmonary inflammation. Specifically, we found that IL-2 was essential for the development of eosinophilic crystalline pneumonia, a type 2 disease characterized by increased numbers of activated ILC2s. We show that IL-2 signaling serves 2 distinct functions in lung ILC2s, namely promoting cell survival/proliferation and serving as a cofactor for the production of type 2 cytokines. We further demonstrate that group 3 innate lymphoid cells are an innate immune source of IL-2 in the lung. CONCLUSION Innate cell-derived IL-2 is a critical cofactor in regulating ILC2 function in pulmonary type 2 pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Roediger
- Centenary Institute, Newtown, Australia; Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Ryan Kyle
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Szun S Tay
- Centenary Institute, Newtown, Australia; Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew J Mitchell
- Centenary Institute, Newtown, Australia; Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Holly A Bolton
- Centenary Institute, Newtown, Australia; Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Thomas V Guy
- Centenary Institute, Newtown, Australia; Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sioh-Yang Tan
- Centenary Institute, Newtown, Australia; Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Philip L Tong
- Centenary Institute, Newtown, Australia; Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Yasmin Köller
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin (UVCM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elena Shklovskaya
- Centenary Institute, Newtown, Australia; Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Makio Iwashima
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Ill; Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Ill
| | - Kathy D McCoy
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin (UVCM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Graham Le Gros
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand; Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Barbara Fazekas de St Groth
- Centenary Institute, Newtown, Australia; Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Wolfgang Weninger
- Centenary Institute, Newtown, Australia; Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia.
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14
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Købler C, Poulsen SS, Saber AT, Jacobsen NR, Wallin H, Yauk CL, Halappanavar S, Vogel U, Qvortrup K, Mølhave K. Time-dependent subcellular distribution and effects of carbon nanotubes in lungs of mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116481. [PMID: 25615613 PMCID: PMC4304811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Methods Pulmonary deposited carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are cleared very slowly from the lung, but there is limited information on how CNTs interact with the lung tissue over time. To address this, three different multiwalled CNTs were intratracheally instilled into female C57BL/6 mice: one short (850 nm) and tangled, and two longer (4 μm and 5.7 μm) and thicker. We assessed the cellular interaction with these CNTs using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 1, 3 and 28 days after instillation. Results TEM analysis revealed that the three CNTs followed the same overall progression pattern over time. Initially, CNTs were taken up either by a diffusion mechanism or via endocytosis. Then CNTs were agglomerated in vesicles in macrophages. Lastly, at 28 days post-exposure, evidence suggesting CNT escape from vesicle enclosures were found. The longer and thicker CNTs more often perturbed and escaped vesicular enclosures in macrophages compared to the smaller CNTs. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) showed that the CNT exposure induced both an eosinophil influx and also eosinophilic crystalline pneumonia. Conclusion Two very different types of multiwalled CNTs had very similar pattern of cellular interactions in lung tissue, with the longer and thicker CNTs resulting in more severe effects in terms of eosinophil influx and incidence of eosinophilic crystalline pneumonia (ECP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Købler
- DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- DTU CEN, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sarah S. Poulsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Science, Systems and Models, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anne T. Saber
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Håkan Wallin
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carole L. Yauk
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ulla Vogel
- DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Qvortrup
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CFIM, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Mølhave
- DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Bessa J, Meyer CA, de Vera Mudry MC, Schlicht S, Smith SH, Iglesias A, Cote-Sierra J. Altered subcellular localization of IL-33 leads to non-resolving lethal inflammation. J Autoimmun 2014; 55:33-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Characterization of mouse mediastinal fat-associated lymphoid clusters. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 357:731-41. [PMID: 24853670 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1889-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The association between adipose tissue and immunity has been established and fat-associated lymphoid clusters (FALCs) are considered as a source of immune cells. We discovered lymphoid clusters (LCs) in mouse mediastinal fat tissues (MFTs). In Th1-biased C57BL/6N (B6), Th2-biased DBA/2Cr (DBA) and autoimmune-prone MRL/MpJ (MRL) mice strains, LCs without a fibrous capsule and germinal center were observed in white-colored MFTs extending from the diaphragm to the heart. The number and size of the LCs were larger in 12-month-old mice than in 3-month-old mice in all of the examined strains. Moreover, B6 had an especially large number of LCs compared with DBA and MRL. The immune cells in the LCs consisted of mainly T-cells and some B-cells. The majority of T-cells were CD4+ helper T (Th) cells, rather than CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells and no obvious immune cell population difference was present among the strains. Furthermore, high endothelial venules and lymphatic vessels in the LCs were better developed in B6 mice than in the other strains. Interestingly, some CD133+ hematopoietic progenitor cells and some c-Kit+/CD127+ natural helper cells were detected in the LCs. BrdU+ proliferating cells were more abundant in the LCs of B6 mice than in the LCs of the other strains and the number of BrdU+ cells increased with age. This is the first report of LCs in mouse MFTs. We suggest that the mouse genetic background affects LC size and number. We term the LCs "mediastinal fat-associated lymphoid clusters". These clusters can be considered as niches for Th cell production.
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Elmore SA, Hoenerhoff M, Katsuta O, Kokoshima H, Maronpot R, Nagai H, Satoh H, Tanaka Y, Tochitani T, Tsuchiya S, Yoshizawa K. Proceedings of the 2013 Joint JSTP/NTP Satellite Symposium. J Toxicol Pathol 2013; 26:231-57. [PMID: 23914068 PMCID: PMC3695348 DOI: 10.1293/tox.26.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The first joint Japanese Society of Toxicologic Pathology (JSTP) and National Toxicology
Program (NTP) Satellite Symposium, entitled “Pathology Potpourri,” was held on January
29th at Okura Frontier Hotel in Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, in advance of the
JSTP’s 29th Annual Meeting. The goal of this Symposium was to present current
diagnostic pathology or nomenclature issues to the toxicologic pathology community. This
article presents summaries of the speakers’ presentations, including diagnostic or
nomenclature issues that were presented, select images that were used for audience voting
or discussion, and the voting results. Some lesions and topics covered during the
symposium include: treatment-related atypical hepatocellular foci of cellular alteration
in B6C3F1 mice; purulent ventriculoencephalitis in a young BALB/c mouse; a subcutaneous
malignant schwannoma in a RccHan:WIST rat; spontaneous nasal septum
hyalinosis/eosinophilic substance in B6C3F1 mice; a rare pancreatic ductal cell adenoma in
a young Lewis rat; eosinophilic crystalline pneumonia in a transgenic mouse model; hyaline
glomerulopathy in two female ddY mice; treatment-related intrahepatic erythrocytes in
B6C3F1 mice; treatment-related subendothelial hepatocytes in B6C3F1 mice; spontaneous
thyroid follicular cell vacuolar degeneration in a cynomolgus monkey; congenital hepatic
fibrosis in a 1-year-old cat; a spontaneous adenocarcinoma of the middle ear in a young
Crl:CD(SD) rat; and finally a series of cases illustrating some differences between
cholangiofibrosis and cholangiocarcinoma in Sprague Dawley and F344 rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Elmore
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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Paranjpe MG, Shah SA, Denton MD, Elbekai RH. Incidence of spontaneous non-neoplastic lesions in transgenic CBYB6F1-Tg(HRAS)2Jic mice. Toxicol Pathol 2013; 41:1137-45. [PMID: 23427275 DOI: 10.1177/0192623313478207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Since 2003, the Tg.rasH2 model has been accepted by regulatory agencies worldwide for 26-week short-term carcinogenicity assays as an alternative to the standard 2-year assays in conventional mice. However, over the decade, the number of actual studies conducted with alternative mouse models has remained low. The primary cause for low acceptance of this model has been lack of a historical database for the incidence of spontaneous lesions. Recently, we published the historical control database on spontaneous tumors in the Tg.rasH2 mice. The purpose of this publication is to present a large database pertaining to the non-neoplastic spontaneous lesions noted in Tg.rasH2 mice from studies conducted at our facility. Lesions that are considered unique in Tg.rasH2 mice are skeletal muscle myopathy, vascular anomalies involving various organs, and mesenteric arterial thrombosis. Other notable lesions are extramedullary hematopoiesis of spleen, subacute inflammatory foci in the liver, and infiltration of histiocytes in the lungs.
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Elmore SA, Berridge BR, Boyle MC, Cora MC, Hoenerhoff MJ, Kooistra L, Laast VA, Morrison JP, Rao D, Rinke M, Yoshizawa K. Proceedings of the 2012 National Toxicology Program Satellite Symposium. Toxicol Pathol 2013; 41:151-80. [PMID: 23262640 PMCID: PMC4195569 DOI: 10.1177/0192623312467102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The 2012 annual National Toxicology Program (NTP) Satellite Symposium, entitled "Pathology Potpourri," was held in Boston in advance of the Society of Toxicologic Pathology's 31st annual meeting. The goal of the NTP Symposium is to present current diagnostic pathology or nomenclature issues to the toxicologic pathology community. This article presents summaries of the speakers' presentations, including diagnostic or nomenclature issues that were presented, along with select images that were used for audience voting or discussion. Some lesions and topics covered during the symposium include eosinophilic crystalline pneumonia in a transgenic mouse model; differentiating adrenal cortical cystic degeneration from adenoma; atypical eosinophilic foci of altered hepatocytes; differentiating cardiac schwannoma from cardiomyopathy; diagnosis of cardiac papillary muscle lesions; intrahepatocytic erythrocytes and venous subendothelial hepatocytes; lesions in Rathke's cleft and pars distalis; pernicious anemia and megaloblastic disorders; embryonic neuroepithelial dysplasia, holoprosencephaly and exencephaly; and INHAND nomenclature for select cardiovascular lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Elmore
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.
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Okayama H, Saito M, Oue N, Weiss JM, Stauffer J, Takenoshita S, Wiltrout RH, Hussain SP, Harris CC. NOS2 enhances KRAS-induced lung carcinogenesis, inflammation and microRNA-21 expression. Int J Cancer 2013; 132:9-18. [PMID: 22618808 PMCID: PMC3473150 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mutant KRAS in lung cancers induces molecular pathways that regulate cellular proliferation, survival and inflammation, which enhance tumorigenesis. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) upregulation and sustained nitric oxide generation are induced during the inflammatory response and correlate positively with lung tumorigenesis. To explore the mechanistic contribution of NOS2 to KRAS-induced lung tumorigenesis and inflammation, we used a genetic strategy of crossing NOS2 knockout (NOS2KO) C57BL6 inbred mice with a KRAS(G12D)-driven mouse lung cancer model. KRAS(G12D);NOS2KO mice exhibited delayed lung tumorigenesis and a longer overall survival time compared to that of KRAS(G12D);NOS2WT (wild-type) controls. Correspondingly, tumors in KRAS(G12D);NOS2KO mice had reduced tumor cell proliferation in adenomas and carcinomas. NOS2 deficiency also led to markedly suppressed inflammatory response by attenuation of macrophage recruitment into alveoli and within tumor foci. In contrast, FOXP3+ regulatory T cells were increased in tumors from KRAS(G12D) ;NOS2KO mice. We further analyzed the expression of microRNA-21 (miR-21), an oncogenic noncoding RNA involved in oncogenic Ras signaling, by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. Lung carcinomas dissected from KRAS(G12D);NOS2KO mice showed a significantly reduced miR-21 expression along with decreased tumor cell proliferation, suggesting that NOS2 deficiency could attenuate RAS signaling pathways that transactivate miR-21 expression. Therefore, deletion of NOS2 decreases lung tumor growth as well as inflammatory responses initiated by oncogenic KRAS, suggesting that both KRAS and NOS2 cooperate in driving lung tumorigenesis and inflammation. Inhibition of NOS2 may have a therapeutic value in lung cancers with oncogenic KRAS mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Okayama
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
- Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka 1, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Motonobu Saito
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
- Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka 1, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Naohide Oue
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Weiss
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Jimmy Stauffer
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Seiichi Takenoshita
- Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka 1, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Robert H. Wiltrout
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - S. Perwez Hussain
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Curtis C. Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Ichii O, Otsuka S, Namiki Y, Hashimoto Y, Kon Y. Molecular pathology of murine ureteritis causing obstructive uropathy with hydronephrosis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27783. [PMID: 22114694 PMCID: PMC3218045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary causes of urinary tract obstruction that induces urine retention and results in hydronephrosis include uroliths, inflammation, and tumors. In this study, we analyzed the molecular pathology of ureteritis causing hydronephrosis in laboratory rodents.F2 progenies of C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice were studied histopathologically and by comprehensive gene expression analysis of their ureters. Incidence of hydronephrosis was approximately 5% in F2 progenies. Histopathologically, this hydronephrosis was caused by stenosis of the proximal ureter, which showed fibrosis and papillary malformations of the proliferative epithelium with infiltrations of B-cell-dominated lymphocytes. Additionally, CD16-positive large granular leukocytes and eosinophils infiltrated from the ureteral mucosa to the muscular layer. Eosinophilic crystals were characteristically observed in the lumen of the ureter and the cytoplasm of large granular leukocytes, eosinophils, and transitional epithelial cells. Comprehensive gene profiling revealed remarkably elevated expression of genes associated with hyperimmune responses through activation of B cells in diseased ureters. Furthermore, diseased ureters showed dramatically higher gene expression of chitinase 3-like 3, known as Ym1, which is associated with formation both of adenomas in the transitional epithelium and of eosinophilic crystals in inflammatory conditions. The Ym1 protein was mainly localized to the cytoplasm of the transitional epithelium, infiltrated cells, and eosinophilic crystals in diseased ureters.We determined that the primary cause of hydronephrosis in F2 mice was ureteritis mediated by the local hyperimmune response with malformation of the transitional epithelium. Our data provide a novel molecular pathogenesis for elucidating causes of aseptic inflammation in human upper urinary tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Ichii
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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22
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Pettan-Brewer C, Treuting PM. Practical pathology of aging mice. PATHOBIOLOGY OF AGING & AGE RELATED DISEASES 2011; 1:PBA-1-7202. [PMID: 22953032 PMCID: PMC3417704 DOI: 10.3402/pba.v1i0.7202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Old mice will have a subset of lesions as part of the progressive decline in organ function that defines aging. External and palpable lesions will be noted by the research, husbandry, or veterinary staff during testing, cage changing, or physical exams. While these readily observable lesions may cause alarm, not all cause undue distress or are life-threatening. In aging research, mice are maintained until near end of life that, depending on strain and genetic manipulation, can be upwards of 33 months. Aging research has unique welfare issues related to age-related decline, debilitation, fragility, and associated pain of chronic diseases. An effective aging research program includes the collaboration and education of the research, husbandry, and veterinary staff, and of the members of the institution animal care and use committee. This collaborative effort is critical to humanely maintaining older mice and preventing excessive censorship due to non-lethal diseases. Part of the educational process is becoming familiar with how old mice appear clinically, at necropsy and histopathologically. This baseline knowledge is important in making the determination of humane end points, defining health span, contributing causes of death and effects of interventions. The goal of this paper is to introduce investigators to age-associated diseases and lesion patterns in mice from clinical presentation to pathologic assessment. To do so, we present and illustrate the common clinical appearances, necropsy and histopathological lesions seen in subsets of the aging colonies maintained at the University of Washington.
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Subramanyam D, Belair CD, Barry-Holson KQ, Lin H, Kogan SC, Passegué E, Blelloch R. PML-RAR{alpha} and Dnmt3a1 cooperate in vivo to promote acute promyelocytic leukemia. Cancer Res 2010; 70:8792-801. [PMID: 20861188 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-4481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The PML-RARα oncogene is the central effector of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). PML-RARα physically interacts with epigenetic-modifying enzymes including DNA methyltransferases (Dnmt) to suppress critical downstream targets. Here, we show that increased expression of Dnmt3a1 cooperates with PML-RARα in vivo to promote early lethality secondary to myeloid expansion and dysfunction in primary mice. Bone marrow cells from these mice cause leukemogenesis with a shortened latency and a higher penetrance on transplantation into irradiated recipients. Furthermore, leukemic cells overexpressing PML-RARα and Dnmt3a1 display increased methylation at a target promoter compared with PML-RARα or Dnmt3a1 controls. Our findings show a cooperation between the PML-RARα oncogene and the Dnmt3a1 enzyme in vivo and that Dnmt levels can be rate limiting in APL progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Subramanyam
- Institute for Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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24
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Deng J, Fujimoto J, Ye XF, Men TY, Van Pelt CS, Chen YL, Lin XF, Kadara H, Tao Q, Lotan D, Lotan R. Knockout of the tumor suppressor gene Gprc5a in mice leads to NF-kappaB activation in airway epithelium and promotes lung inflammation and tumorigenesis. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2010; 3:424-37. [PMID: 20354164 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models can be useful for increasing the understanding of lung tumorigenesis and assessing the potential of chemopreventive agents. We explored the role of inflammation in lung tumor development in mice with knockout of the tumor suppressor Gprc5a. Examination of normal lung tissue and tumors from 51 Gprc5a(+/+) (adenoma incidence, 9.8%; adenocarcinoma, 0%) and 38 Gprc5a(-/-) mice (adenoma, 63%; adenocarcinoma, 21%) revealed macrophage infiltration into lungs of 45% of the Gprc5a(-/-) mice and 8% of Gprc5a(+/+) mice and the direct association of macrophages with 42% of adenomas and 88% of adenocarcinomas in the knockout mice. Gprc5a(-/-) mouse lungs contained higher constitutive levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and were more sensitive than lungs of Gprc5a(+/+) mice to stimulation of NF-kappaB activation by lipopolysaccharide in vivo. Studies with epithelial cells cultured from tracheas of Gprc5a(-/-) and Gprc5a(+/+) mice revealed that Gprc5a loss is associated with increased cell proliferation, resistance to cell death in suspension, and increased basal, tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced, and lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-kappaB activation, which were reversed partially in Gprc5a(-/-) adenocarcinoma cells by reexpression of Gprc5a. Compared with Gprc5a(+/+) cells, the Gprc5a(-/-) cells produced higher levels of chemokines and cytokines and their conditioned medium induced more extensive macrophage migration. Silencing Gprc5a and the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB in Gprc5a(+/+) and Gprc5a(-/-) cells, respectively, reversed these effects. Thus, Gprc5a loss enhances NF-kappaB activation in lung epithelial cells, leading to increased autocrine and paracrine interactions, cell autonomy, and enhanced inflammation, which may synergize in the creation of a tumor-promoting microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Deng
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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25
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Schäppi MG, Jaquet V, Belli DC, Krause KH. Hyperinflammation in chronic granulomatous disease and anti-inflammatory role of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase. Semin Immunopathol 2008; 30:255-71. [PMID: 18509648 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-008-0119-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2008] [Accepted: 04/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an immunodeficiency caused by the lack of the superoxide-producing phagocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. However, CGD patients not only suffer from recurrent infections, but also present with inflammatory, non-infectious conditions. Among the latter, granulomas figure prominently, which gave the name to the disease, and colitis, which is frequent and leads to a substantial morbidity. In this paper, we systematically review the inflammatory lesions in different organs of CGD patients and compare them to observations in CGD mouse models. In addition to the more classical inflammatory lesions, CGD patients and their relatives have increased frequency of autoimmune diseases, and CGD mice are arthritis-prone. Possible mechanisms involved in CGD hyperinflammation include decreased degradation of phagocytosed material, redox-dependent termination of proinflammatory mediators and/or signaling, as well as redox-dependent cross-talk between phagocytes and lymphocytes (e.g. defective tryptophan catabolism). As a conclusion from this review, we propose the existence of ROS high and ROS low inflammatory responses, which are triggered as a function of the level of reactive oxygen species and have specific characteristics in terms of physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela G Schäppi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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26
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Hoenerhoff MJ, Starost MF, Ward JM. Eosinophilic crystalline pneumonia as a major cause of death in 129S4/SvJae mice. Vet Pathol 2006; 43:682-8. [PMID: 16966445 DOI: 10.1354/vp.43-5-682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophilic crystalline pneumonia is an idiopathic disease that occurs in many strains and stocks of mice, more commonly in strains on a C57BL/6 background. The disease occurs sporadically in most strains of mice and varies from mild and subclinical to severe and fulminating, sometimes resulting in respiratory distress and death. In this study, 94 aged male and female 129S4/SvJae mice were evaluated for eosinophilic crystalline pneumonia lesions. There was an 87% incidence, with females overrepresented. Histologically, there were multifocal to coalescing inflammatory infiltrates composed of numerous large eosinophilic macrophages and multinucleate cells admixed with eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells within alveolar and bronchiolar spaces, associated with refractile, brightly eosinophilic, angular crystals. Alveolar macrophages and multinucleate cells contained fine needlelike to rectangular intracytoplasmic crystalline material. Similar crystals were often free within alveoli and conducting airways, often associated with mucous metaplasia of bronchiolar epithelium. This disease may occur spontaneously or in concert with other pulmonary lesions, such as pulmonary adenomas, lymphoproliferative disease, allergic pulmonary disease, and parasitic or fungal infections. The characteristic crystals morphologically resemble Charcot-Leyden crystals, which represent eosinophil breakdown products in humans with eosinophil-related disease. However, crystals in eosinophilic crystalline pneumonia are composed predominantly of Ym1 protein, a chitinase-like protein associated with neutrophil granule products and secreted by activated macrophages. The function of Ym1 protein is not fully understood but is believed to be involved in host immune defense, eosinophil recruitment, and cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions consistent with tissue repair. The mechanism of induction of eosinophilic crystalline pneumonia with Ym1 crystal formation is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Hoenerhoff
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, 41 Library Drive, Building 41, Room C619, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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27
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Ionescu DN, Pierson DM, Qing G, Li M, Colby TV, Leslie KO. Pulmonary crystal-storing histiocytoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2005; 129:1159-63. [PMID: 16119991 DOI: 10.5858/2005-129-1159-pch] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We describe the case of a 50-year-old woman with a lung tumor composed of crystal-storing histiocytes. These cells and associated plasma cells failed to show clonal light chain restriction, and the patient had no associated hematologic disorder. The differential diagnosis included crystal-storing histiocytosis, characterized by accumulation of crystallized immunoglobulins, a rare manifestation of monoclonal gammopathies/plasma cell dyscrasias. Crystal-laden histiocytes have previously been described in many organs. Four reports have described crystal-storing histiocytosis in the lung, always associated with a lymphoproliferative disorder. The present patient, 1 other case from our archive, and 1 case reported in the literature, all without an association with lymphoproliferative disorder, make a full description and definition of this lesion appropriate. The morphology, immunohistochemical profile, and electron microscopic features are described herein, and the term pulmonary crystal-storing histiocytoma is proposed. A practical algorithm is presented for the assessment of solitary lung masses composed of large histiocytic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana N Ionescu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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28
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Abstract
'Phenotype' means different things, but whatever the measure, phenotype can be profoundly influenced by genetic, environmental and infectious variables. The laboratory mouse is a complex multisystemic organism which, despite its genetically inbred nature, as highly variable pathophysiologic characteristics. Mouse strains have background characteristics that can influence genomics research. In addition to the mouse itself, different approaches toward creating mutant mice each create variables that influence phenotype. Different background strains of mice are utilized for these different approaches, and various strains are preferred among different laboratories. Background genotype significantly influences phenotype of gene mutations, as can insufficient genetic stabilization of a mutation. Research programs engaged in functional mouse genomics not only must use genetically well-defined mice, but also must incorporate environmental and infectious disease quality assurance/prevention programs. Laboratory mice are subject to over 60 different infectious disease agents, including a wide variety of viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and metazoa. Although these agents can be readily diagnosed and prevented, a number of forces are resulting in their rise in prevalence in mouse colonies. Infectious disease, including clinically silent infections, can and do influence phenotype, and can jeopardize research considerably through lost time, wasted effort, cost, and even loss of valuable strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W Barthold
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Hickman-Davis JM, Gibbs-Erwin J, Lindsey JR, Matalon S. Role of surfactant protein-A in nitric oxide production and mycoplasma killing in congenic C57BL/6 mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2004; 30:319-25. [PMID: 12959946 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2003-0246oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We generated congenic surfactant protein A (SP-A)-deficient (SP-A[-/-]) mice on the mycoplasma resistant C57BL/6 background (B6.SP-A[-/-]) and characterized their response to mycoplasma infection in comparison to C57BL/6 (B6) mice. B6.SP-A(-/-) mice infected with 10(6) colony-forming units (cfu) of Mycoplasma pulmonis had significantly higher bacterial lung loads than B6 mice at 72 h postinfection (p.i.). At the higher infection dose of 10(7), B6.SP-A(-/-) mice had significantly higher lung cfu at 24 h; however, no difference in mycoplasma cfu was observed between B6 and B6.SP-A(-/-) mice at 48 and 72 h p.i. We found that uninfected B6 mice had lower bronchoalveolar lavage nitrite (NO(2)(-)) and nitrate (NO(3)(-)) levels as compared with B6.SP-A(-/-) mice. On the other hand, infection of B6 mice with mycoplasmas resulted in significantly higher bronchoalveolar lavage NO(2)(-) and NO(3)(-) as compared with B6.SP-A(-/-) mice. These data indicate that SP-A may help regulate NO production in response to a specific stimulus, i.e., suppression of NO in the absence of bacteria and increased NO in the presence of bacteria. These data indicate that the contribution of SP-A to mycoplasma killing may be limited to lower doses of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy M Hickman-Davis
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, UAB Dept. of Anesthesiology, 1530 3rd Ave. South, Birmingham, AL 35294-2172, USA
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30
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Turner OC, Keefe RG, Sugawara I, Yamada H, Orme IM. SWR mice are highly susceptible to pulmonary infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infect Immun 2003; 71:5266-72. [PMID: 12933873 PMCID: PMC187294 DOI: 10.1128/iai.71.9.5266-5272.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inbred mice differ in their abilities to control the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lung and can as a result be regarded as either resistant or susceptible strains. In this study we report that the SWR mouse is both highly susceptible and in addition appears incapable of establishing a characteristic state of chronic disease after low-dose aerosol infection. In comparison to C57BL/6 mice, SWR mice were unable to contain the bacterial load in the lungs, resulting in progressive fatal disease. Histologic analysis of the lung tissue revealed evidence of a florid inflammatory cell response in the SWR mice leading to degeneration and necrosis and consolidation of a large percentage of the lung surface area. Digestion of infected lungs and analysis by flow cytometry demonstrated an initially similar but eventually higher number of lymphocytes accumulating in the SWR mice. Additionally, in contrast to the C57BL/6 mice, SWR mice had a significantly lower percentage of CD4 T cells in the lungs showing evidence of proliferation and positive intracellular staining for gamma interferon during the first two months of infection, and a lower percentage of both CD4 and CD8T cells exhibiting differentiation to an effector/memory phenotype during the first month of infection. We propose that further investigation of the SWR mouse may provide a new animal model for immunocompetent individuals apparently unable to effectively control the growth of M. tuberculosis in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver C Turner
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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31
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Marchesi F, Monestiroli SV, Capillo M, Gobbi A, Minucci S, Pelicci PG, Scanziani E. Eosinophilic crystals as a distinctive morphologic feature of a hyaline droplet nephropathy in a mouse model of acute myelogenous leukaemia. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. A, PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY, CLINICAL MEDICINE 2003; 50:103-7. [PMID: 12667201 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0442.2003.00486.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophilic crystals have been described in the upper and lower respiratory tract, gall bladder, intrahepatic bile ducts and glandular stomach of different laboratory mice strains. They have been recently identified as chitinase-like (Ym1/Ym2) proteins. Here we describe the occurrence of eosinophilic crystals in the renal tubules of mice with experimentally induced acute myelogenous leukaemia. Fourteen FVB/N and 29 129Sv mice of both sexes, 8-10 weeks of age, were employed to establish a model of human acute myelogenous leukaemia. Nine mice that developed a widespread acute myelogenous leukaemia revealed the presence of eosinophilic crystals in renal tubules. The presence of eosinophilic crystals in the kidneys was constantly associated with a hyaline droplet nephropathy. Immunohistochemistry showed that the crystals and the hyaline droplets were composed of chitinase-like (Ym1/Ym2) proteins. Furthermore, immunoreactivity for Ym1/Ym2 proteins was also detected in the crystalline material stored in the cytoplasm of large macrophage-like cells or in extracellular localization within the leukaemic infiltrates. On the basis of our results we hypothesize that the detection of the Ym1/Ym2 proteins in the urine of mice might represent a feasible indicator of the burden and progression of the leukaemic condition in our murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Marchesi
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Sezione di Anatomia Patologica Veterinaria e Patologia Aviare, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Joliat MJ, Lang PA, Lyons BL, Burzenski L, Lynes MA, Yi T, Sundberg JP, Shultz LD. Absence of CD5 dramatically reduces progression of pulmonary inflammatory lesions in SHP-1 protein-tyrosine phosphatase-deficient 'viable motheaten' mice. J Autoimmun 2002; 18:105-17. [PMID: 11908943 DOI: 10.1006/jaut.2001.0570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mice homozygous for the viable motheaten (Hcph(me-v)) mutation are deficient in SHP-1 protein-tyrosine phosphatase, resulting in severe systemic autoimmunity and immune dysfunction. A high percentage of B-cells in viable motheaten mice express the cell surface glycoprotein CD5, in contrast to wild type mice that express CD5 on only a small percentage of B-cells. CD5(+) B-cells have been associated with autoantibody production. To determine the role of CD5 in the development of the inflammatory disease in me(v)/ me(v) mice, we created a stock of CD5(null)me(v)/ me(v) mice. The longevity of CD5(null)me(v)/ me(v) mice was increased 69% in comparison to me(v)/ me(v) mice on a similar (B6;129) background. The increased lifespan was associated with a marked reduction in pulmonary inflammation. Flow cytometry analysis of spleen cells from CD5(null)me(v)/ me(v) mice at 9-12 weeks of age revealed significant decreases in percentages of IgM/B220 double positive B-cells, Mac-1/Gr-1 double positive cells and CD4(+) T-cells compared with me(v)/ me(v) mice. CD5(null)me(v)/ me(v) mice also had significantly lower serum IgM levels in comparison to me(v)/ me(v) mice. Study of CD5(null)me(v)/ me(v) mice may provide further insight into the role of CD5 in cell signaling and may help explain the observed association of CD5(+) B-cells with autoimmune disease.
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Harbord M, Novelli M, Canas B, Power D, Davis C, Godovac-Zimmermann J, Roes J, Segal AW. Ym1 is a neutrophil granule protein that crystallizes in p47phox-deficient mice. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:5468-75. [PMID: 11733538 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110635200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystals were discovered within the aged lung and at sites of chronic inflammation in a mouse model of chronic granulomatous disease. Following re-crystallization at neutral pH, the crystals were identified as the chitinase-like protein Ym1, expressed in organs of the lymphoreticular system, the lung, and distal stomach. Ym1 was shown to be a neutrophil granule protein and to have weak beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity, indicating that it might contribute to the digestion of glycosaminoglycans. Crystal formation is likely to be a function of excess neutrophil turnover at sites of inflammation in the chronic granulomatous disease mouse. Failure to remove subcutaneous Ym1 crystals injected into knockout mice indicates that a failure of digestion may also contribute to crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Harbord
- Department of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, United Kingdom
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34
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Feldmesser M, Kress Y, Casadevall A. Intracellular crystal formation as a mechanism of cytotoxicity in murine pulmonary Cryptococcus neoformans infection. Infect Immun 2001; 69:2723-7. [PMID: 11254641 PMCID: PMC98213 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.4.2723-2727.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rod-like crystalline structures formed during eosinophilic Cryptococcus neoformans pneumonia in C57BL/6 mice. Crystals were found associated with yeast cells and free in host cell cytoplasm. The crystals apparently formed because of the interaction of a host protein with the cryptococcal polysaccharide. Crystal formation likely contributes to pathogenesis by causing cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Feldmesser
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
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35
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Mizgerd JP, Spieker MR, Doerschuk CM. Early response cytokines and innate immunity: essential roles for TNF receptor 1 and type I IL-1 receptor during Escherichia coli pneumonia in mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 166:4042-8. [PMID: 11238652 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.6.4042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The early response cytokines, TNF and IL-1, have overlapping biologic effects that may function to propagate, amplify, and coordinate host responses to microbial challenges. To determine whether signaling from these early response cytokines is essential to orchestrating innate immune responses to intrapulmonary bacteria, the early inflammatory events induced by instillation of Escherichia coli into the lungs were compared in wild-type (WT) mice and mice deficient in both TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and the type I IL-1 receptor (IL1R1). Neutrophil emigration and edema accumulation induced by E. coli were significantly compromised by TNFR1/IL1R1 deficiency. Neutrophil numbers in the circulation and within alveolar septae did not differ between WT and TNFR1/IL1R1 mice, suggesting that decreased neutrophil emigration did not result from decreased sequestration or delivery of intravascular neutrophils. The nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B and the expression of the chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-2 did not differ between WT and TNFR1/IL1R1 lungs. However, the concentration of the chemokine KC was significantly decreased in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of TNFR1/IL1R1 mice compared with that in WT mice. Thus, while many of the molecular and cellular responses to E. coli in the lungs did not require signaling by either TNFR1 or IL1R1, early response cytokine signaling was critical to KC expression in the pulmonary air spaces and neutrophil emigration from the alveolar septae.
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MESH Headings
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus/genetics
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus/immunology
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- Cell Nucleus/genetics
- Cell Nucleus/immunology
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Chemokine CXCL1
- Chemokine CXCL2
- Chemokines/biosynthesis
- Chemokines, CXC
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Escherichia coli Infections/genetics
- Escherichia coli Infections/immunology
- Escherichia coli Infections/pathology
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/immunology
- Leukocyte Count
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Neutrophil Infiltration/genetics
- Neutrophil Infiltration/immunology
- Pneumonia, Bacterial/genetics
- Pneumonia, Bacterial/immunology
- Pneumonia, Bacterial/pathology
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/deficiency
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/physiology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/deficiency
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/physiology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Mizgerd
- Physiology Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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36
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Ward JM, Yoon M, Anver MR, Haines DC, Kudo G, Gonzalez FJ, Kimura S. Hyalinosis and Ym1/Ym2 gene expression in the stomach and respiratory tract of 129S4/SvJae and wild-type and CYP1A2-null B6, 129 mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2001; 158:323-32. [PMID: 11141507 PMCID: PMC1850245 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63972-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The C57BL/6, 129, and B6,129 mouse strains or stocks have been commonly used to generate targeted mutant mice. The pathology of these mice is not well characterized. In studies of these aging mice, we found high incidences of hyalinosis (eosinophilic cytoplasmic change) in the glandular stomach, respiratory tract, bile duct, and gall bladder of B6,129 CYP1A2-null and wild-type mice as well as in both sexes of the background 129S4/SvJae strain. The gastric lesions of the glandular stomach were found in 95.7% of female CYP1A2-null mice as well as in 45.7% of female 129S4/SvJae animals. The eosinophilic protein isolated from characteristic hyaline gastric lesions was identified as Ym2, a member of the chitinase family. Immunohistochemistry, using rabbit polyclonal antibodies to oligopeptides derived from the Ym1 sequence, detected focal to diffuse reactivity within both normal and abnormal nasal olfactory and respiratory epithelium, pulmonary alveolar macrophages, bone marrow myeloid cells, and the squamous epithelium of the forestomach and epithelium of the glandular stomach. Alveolar macrophages in acidophilic pneumonia, a major cause of death of aging 129 mice, and in mice with the me mutation also were highly immunoreactive. The possible cause of this protein excess in gastric and other lesions and its possible functions are discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Western
- Chemotactic Factors, Eosinophil/genetics
- Chemotactic Factors, Eosinophil/metabolism
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2/genetics
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2/metabolism
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Female
- Gastric Mucosa/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hyalin/metabolism
- Lectins/genetics
- Lectins/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Microscopy, Electron
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Respiratory System/metabolism
- Respiratory System/pathology
- Stomach/pathology
- Stomach/ultrastructure
- Survival Analysis
- beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases/genetics
- beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Ward
- Veterinary and Tumor Pathology Section, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.
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37
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Olszewski MA, Huffnagle GB, McDonald RA, Lindell DM, Moore BB, Cook DN, Toews GB. The role of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha/CCL3 in regulation of T cell-mediated immunity to Cryptococcus neoformans infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 165:6429-36. [PMID: 11086082 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.11.6429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha/CCL3) is a CC chemokine required for optimal recruitment of leukocytes in response to cryptococcal Ags. MIP-1alpha is expressed in the lungs by day 6 post Cryptococcus neoformans infection and could play a role in the development of cell-mediated immunity. To address this possibility, wild-type (MIP-1alpha(+/+)) mice and MIP-1alpha knockout (MIP-1alpha(-/-)) mice were infected intratracheally with a highly virulent strain of C. neoformans (145A). MIP-1alpha message was detected in the lungs on days 3, 7, and 14 in MIP-1alpha(+/+) mice, but it was undetectable in MIP-1alpha(-/-) mice. On day 16, MIP-1alpha(-/-) mice had a 7-fold increase in C. neoformans burden in the lungs, but no decrease in pulmonary leukocyte recruitment. MIP-1alpha(+/+) and MIP-1alpha(-/-) mice had similar numbers of recruited lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages. Notably, MIP-1alpha(-/-) mice had a significantly greater number of eosinophils. MIP-1alpha(-/-) mice had extremely high levels of serum IgE. This switch of immune response to a T(2) phenotype was associated with enhanced IL-4 and IL-13 expression in the lungs of MIP-1alpha(-/-) mice compared with MIP-1alpha (+/+) mice. Progression of pulmonary cryptococcosis in the presence of nonprotective T(2) immunity resulted in profound lung damage in MIP-1alpha(-/-) mice (eosinophilic crystal deposition, destruction of lung parenchyma, and pulmonary hemorrhage). Twelve-week survival was dramatically decreased in MIP-1alpha(-/-) mice. These studies, together with our previous studies, demonstrate that MIP-1alpha plays a role in both the afferent (T(1)/T(2) development) and efferent (T(1)-mediated leukocyte recruitment) phases of cell-mediated immunity to C. neoformans.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Chemokine CCL3
- Chemokine CCL4
- Chemokines, CC/biosynthesis
- Chemokines, CC/genetics
- Chemokines, CC/immunology
- Chemokines, CC/physiology
- Cryptococcosis/genetics
- Cryptococcosis/immunology
- Cryptococcosis/microbiology
- Cryptococcosis/pathology
- Cryptococcus neoformans/growth & development
- Cryptococcus neoformans/immunology
- Gene Deletion
- Immune Sera/administration & dosage
- Immune Sera/pharmacology
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunoglobulin E/blood
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-12/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-13/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-4/biosynthesis
- Leukocytes/immunology
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/microbiology
- Lung/pathology
- Lung Diseases, Fungal/genetics
- Lung Diseases, Fungal/immunology
- Lung Diseases, Fungal/microbiology
- Lung Diseases, Fungal/pathology
- Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins/biosynthesis
- Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins/genetics
- Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins/immunology
- Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Phenotype
- Pulmonary Eosinophilia/genetics
- Pulmonary Eosinophilia/immunology
- Survival Analysis
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Olszewski
- Veterans Affairs Hospital and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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38
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France MP, Muir D. An outbreak of pulmonary mycosis in respiratory burst-deficient (gp91(phox-/-))Mice with concurrent acidophilic macrophage pneumonia. J Comp Pathol 2000; 123:190-4. [PMID: 11032674 DOI: 10.1053/jcpa.2000.0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An outbreak of pulmonary abscessation due to the common environmental fungus Paecilomyces variotii occurred in a colony of gp91(phox-/-)mice, which lack functional NADPH oxidase, the enzyme complex responsible for generating the respiratory burst in phagocytes. Parenchyma surrounding the abscesses showed intense acidophilic macrophage pneumonia, and similar but much milder lesions were present in each of 24 gp91(phox-/-)mice free from other pulmonary lesions. These findings indicate a high prevalence of acidophilic macrophage pneumonia in gp91(phox-/-)mice, or at least in this particular stock. The presence of this lesion may complicate studies in which phagocyte-dependent pulmonary defence plays a significant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P France
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Pathology, University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
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39
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Guo L, Johnson RS, Schuh JC. Biochemical characterization of endogenously formed eosinophilic crystals in the lungs of mice. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:8032-7. [PMID: 10713123 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.11.8032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystals seldom form spontaneously within tissues of mammals, except in the urinary tract or in association with eosinophil-rich diseases in humans (Charcot-Leyden crystals). Endogenously formed eosinophilic crystals have been reported in respiratory tract and other tissues of several strains of mice, but the biochemical characterization of these crystals has not been reported. In this study, eosinophilic crystal formation was examined in homozygous C57BL/6J viable motheaten mice, lung-specific surfactant apoprotein C promoter/soluble human tumor necrosis factor p75 receptor type II fusion protein transgenic mice (C57BL/6NTac x Sv/129), and CD40L-deficient mice with spontaneous Pneumocystis carinii infection. In viable motheaten but not wild type mice, rapidly developing crystals represented a major feature of the fatal lung injury induced by macrophage dysregulation. Conversely, eosinophilic crystals did not form until 4-8 months of age in transgenic and CD40L-deficient mice and were present in 10-30% of age-matched wild type controls. Mass spectrometry analysis of proteins from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid identified the crystals as Ym1, sometimes referred to as T-lymphocyte-derived eosinophil chemotactic factor. The Ym1 sequence was homologous to chitinase, and enzymatic assays indicated a 3-5-fold increase in chitinase activity compared with control mice. Intracellular and extracellular crystals associated with epithelial damage suggested that the crystals may contribute to lung inflammation through mechanical damage and enzymatic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Guo
- Immunex Corporation, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
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40
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Finch GL, March TH, Hahn FF, Barr EB, Belinsky SA, Hoover MD, Lechner JF, Nikula KJ, Hobbs CH. Carcinogenic responses of transgenic heterozygous p53 knockout mice to inhaled 239PuO2 or metallic beryllium. Toxicol Pathol 1998; 26:484-91. [PMID: 9715507 DOI: 10.1177/019262339802600404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The transgenic heterozygous p53+/- knockout mouse has been a model for assessing the tumorigenicity of selected carcinogens administered by noninhalation routes of exposure. The sensitivity of the model for predicting cancer by inhaled chemicals has not been examined. This study addresses this issue by acutely exposing p53+/- mice of both sexes by nose-only inhalation to either air (controls), or to 1 of 2 levels of 239PuO2 (500 or 100 Bq 239Pu) or beryllium (Be) metal (60 or 15 micrograms). Additional wild-type p53+/+ mice were exposed by inhalation to either 500 Bq of 239PuO2 or 60 micrograms of Be metal. These carcinogens were selected because they operate by differing mechanisms and because of their use in other pulmonary carcinogenesis studies in our laboratory. Four or 5 of the 15 mice per sex from each group were sacrificed 6 mo after exposure, and only 2 pulmonary neoplasms were observed. The remainder of the mice were held for life-span observation and euthanasia as they became moribund. Survival of the p53+/- knockout mice was reduced compared to the p53+/+ wild-type mice. No lung neoplasms were observed in p53+/- mice exposed to air alone. Eleven of the p53+/- mice inhaling 239PuO2 developed pulmonary neoplasms. Seven p53+/+ mice exposed to 239PuO2 also developed pulmonary neoplasms, but the latency period for pulmonary neoplasia was significantly shorter in the p53+/ mice. Four pulmonary neoplasms were observed in p53+/- mice exposed to the higher dose of Be, whereas none were observed in the wild-type mice or in the heterozygous mice exposed to the lower dose of Be. Thus, both p53+/- and p53+/+ mice were susceptible to 239Pu-induced carcinogenesis, whereas the p53+/- but not the p53+/+ mice were susceptible to Be-induced carcinogenesis. However, only 2 pulmonary neoplasms (1 in each of the 239PuO2 exposure groups) were observed in the 59 p53+/ mice that were sacrificed or euthanatized within 9 mo after exposure, indicating that the p53+/- knockout mouse might not be appropriate for a 6-mo model of carcinogenesis for these inhaled carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Finch
- Inhalation Toxicology Laboratory, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA.
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41
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Huffnagle GB, Boyd MB, Street NE, Lipscomb MF. IL-5 Is Required for Eosinophil Recruitment, Crystal Deposition, and Mononuclear Cell Recruitment During a Pulmonary Cryptococcus neoformans Infection in Genetically Susceptible Mice (C57BL/6). THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.5.2393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
CBA/J (highly resistant), BALB/c (moderately resistant), and C57BL/6 (susceptible) mice displayed three resistance patterns following intratracheal inoculation of Cryptococcus neoformans 52. The inability to clear the infection correlated with the duration of the eosinophil infiltrate in the lungs. The role of IL-5 in promoting the pulmonary eosinophilia and subsequent inflammatory damage in susceptible C57BL/6 mice was investigated. C57BL/6 mice developed a chronic alveolar, peribronchiolar, and perivascular eosinophilia following C. neoformans infection. This resulted in the accumulation of intracellular Charcot-Leyden-like crystals in alveolar macrophages by wk 4 and the extracellular deposition of these crystals in the bronchioles with associated destruction of airway epithelium by wk 6. IL-5 mRNA was expressed in the lungs, and injections of anti-IL-5 mAb prevented eosinophil recruitment and crystal deposition but did not alter cryptococcal clearance. Depletion of CD4+ T cells (but not CD8+) ablated IL-5 production by lung leukocytes in vitro and eosinophil recruitment in vivo. Neutralization of IL-5 also inhibited the recruitment of macrophages, CD8+ T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes by 47 to 57%. Anti-IL-5 mAb inhibited CD4+ T lymphocyte recruitment by 30% but did not affect neutrophil recruitment. Thus, the development of a chronic eosinophil infiltrate in the lungs of C. neoformans-infected C57BL/6 mice is a nonprotective immune response that causes significant lung pathology. Furthermore, IL-5 promotes the recruitment and activation of eosinophils, resulting in the recruitment of additional macrophages and lymphocytes into the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary B. Huffnagle
- *Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Michael B. Boyd
- *Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Nancy E. Street
- †Cancer Immunobiology Center and Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235; and
| | - Mary F. Lipscomb
- ‡Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131
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Ye BH, Cattoretti G, Shen Q, Zhang J, Hawe N, de Waard R, Leung C, Nouri-Shirazi M, Orazi A, Chaganti RS, Rothman P, Stall AM, Pandolfi PP, Dalla-Favera R. The BCL-6 proto-oncogene controls germinal-centre formation and Th2-type inflammation. Nat Genet 1997; 16:161-70. [PMID: 9171827 DOI: 10.1038/ng0697-161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 644] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Structural alterations of the promoter region of the BCL-6 proto-oncogene represent the most frequent genetic alteration associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, a malignancy often deriving from germinal-centre B cells. The BCL-6 gene encodes a zinc-finger transcriptional repressor normally expressed in both B cells and CD4+ T cells within germinal centres, but its precise function is unknown. We show that mice deficient in BCL-6 displayed normal B-cell, T-cell and lymphoid-organ development but have a selective defect in T-cell-dependent antibody responses. This defect included a complete lack of affinity maturation and was due to the inability of follicular B cells to proliferate and form germinal centres. In addition, BCL-6-deficient mice developed an inflammatory response in multiple organs characterized by infiltrations of eosinophils and IgE-bearing B lymphocytes typical of a Th2-mediated hyperimmune response. Thus, BCL-6 functions as a transcriptional switch that controls germinal centre formation and may also modulate specific T-cell-mediated responses. Altered expression of BCL-6 in lymphoma represents a deregulation of the pathway normally leading to B cell proliferation and germinal centre formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Ye
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
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