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Whitman M. Modeling Ethics: Approaches to Data Creep in Higher Education. SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ETHICS 2021; 27:71. [PMID: 34796403 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-021-00346-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Though rapid collection of big data is ubiquitous across domains, from industry settings to academic contexts, the ethics of big data collection and research are contested. A nexus of data ethics issues is the concept of creep, or repurposing of data for other applications or research beyond the conditions of original collection. Data creep has proven controversial and has prompted concerns about the scope of ethical oversight. Institutional review boards offer little guidance regarding big data, and problematic research can still meet ethical standards. While ethics seem concrete through institutional deployment, I frame ethics as produced. Informed by my ethnographic research at a large public university in the U.S., I explore ethics through two models: ethics as institutional procedures and ethics as acts and intentions. The university where I conducted fieldwork is the development grounds for a predictive model that uses student data to anticipate academic success. While students consent to data collection, the circumstances of consent and the degree to which they are informed are not so apparent, as many data are a product of creep. Drawing from interviews and participant observation with administrators, data scientists, developers, and students, I examine data ethics, from a larger institutional model to everyday enactments related to data creep. After demonstrating the limits of such models, I propose a remodeling of ethics that draws on recent works on data, justice, and refusal to pose generative questions for rethinking ethics in institutional contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madisson Whitman
- Center for Science and Society, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Husebo BS, Allore H, Achterberg W, Angeles RC, Ballard C, Bruvik FK, Fæø SE, Gedde MH, Hillestad E, Jacobsen FF, Kirkevold Ø, Kjerstad E, Kjome RLS, Mannseth J, Naik M, Nouchi R, Puaschitz N, Samdal R, Tranvåg O, Tzoulis C, Vahia IV, Vislapuu M, Berge LI. LIVE@Home.Path-innovating the clinical pathway for home-dwelling people with dementia and their caregivers: study protocol for a mixed-method, stepped-wedge, randomized controlled trial. Trials 2020; 21:510. [PMID: 32517727 PMCID: PMC7281688 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04414-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global health challenge of dementia is exceptional in size, cost and impact. It is the only top ten cause of death that cannot be prevented, cured or substantially slowed, leaving disease management, caregiver support and service innovation as the main targets for reduction of disease burden. Institutionalization of persons with dementia is common in western countries, despite patients preferring to live longer at home, supported by caregivers. Such complex health challenges warrant multicomponent interventions thoroughly implemented in daily clinical practice. This article describes the rationale, development, feasibility testing and implementation process of the LIVE@Home.Path trial. METHODS The LIVE@Home.Path trial is a 2-year, multicenter, mixed-method, stepped-wedge randomized controlled trial, aiming to include 315 dyads of home-dwelling people with dementia and their caregivers, recruited from 3 municipalities in Norway. The stepped-wedge randomization implies that all dyads receive the intervention, but the timing is determined by randomization. The control group constitutes the dyads waiting for the intervention. The multicomponent intervention was developed in collaboration with user-representatives, researchers and stakeholders to meet the requirements from the national Dementia Plan 2020. During the 6-month intervention period, the participants will be allocated to a municipal coordinator, the core feature of the intervention, responsible for regular contact with the dyads to facilitate L: Learning, I: Innovation, V: Volunteering and E: Empowerment (LIVE). The primary outcome is resource utilization. This is measured by the Resource Utilization in Dementia (RUD) instrument and the Relative Stress Scale (RSS), reflecting that resource utilization is more than the actual time required for caring but also how burdensome the task is experienced by the caregiver. DISCUSSION We expect the implementation of LIVE to lead to a pathway for dementia treatment and care which is cost-effective, compared to treatment as usual, and will support high-quality independent living, at home. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04043364. Registered on 15 March 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Sandgathe Husebo
- Centre for Elderly and Nursing Home Medicine, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Nursing Home Medicine, Municipality of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Heather Allore
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wilco Achterberg
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Clive Ballard
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Frøydis Kristine Bruvik
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stein Erik Fæø
- Centre for Elderly and Nursing Home Medicine, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Vid Specialized University, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marie Hidle Gedde
- Centre for Elderly and Nursing Home Medicine, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eirin Hillestad
- Centre for Elderly and Nursing Home Medicine, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,The Dignity Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frode Fadnes Jacobsen
- Vid Specialized University, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Care Research, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øyvind Kirkevold
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Lillehamner, Norway.,Centre of Old Age Psychiatry Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Gjøvik, Norway.,Department of Health Sciences in Gjøvik, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Gjøvik, Norway
| | | | - Reidun Lisbeth Skeide Kjome
- Centre for Pharmacy, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Janne Mannseth
- Centre for Elderly and Nursing Home Medicine, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mala Naik
- Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rui Nouchi
- Department of Cognitive Health Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Tohoku, Japan
| | - Nathalie Puaschitz
- Centre for Care Research, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rune Samdal
- Centre for Elderly and Nursing Home Medicine, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Oscar Tranvåg
- Centre for Elderly and Nursing Home Medicine, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Women's Health, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Charalampos Tzoulis
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ipsit Vihang Vahia
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maarja Vislapuu
- Centre for Elderly and Nursing Home Medicine, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Line Iden Berge
- Centre for Elderly and Nursing Home Medicine, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. .,NKS Olaviken Gerontopsychiatric Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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Husebo BS, Heintz HL, Berge LI, Owoyemi P, Rahman AT, Vahia IV. Sensing Technology to Monitor Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms and to Assess Treatment Response in People With Dementia. A Systematic Review. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1699. [PMID: 32116687 PMCID: PMC7011129 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of dementia is expected to rapidly increase in the next decades, warranting innovative solutions improving diagnostics, monitoring and resource utilization to facilitate smart housing and living in the nursing home. This systematic review presents a synthesis of research on sensing technology to assess behavioral and psychological symptoms and to monitor treatment response in people with dementia. Methods The literature search included medical peer-reviewed English language publications indexed in Embase, Medline, Cochrane library and Web of Sciences, published up to the 5th of April 2019. Keywords included MESH terms and phrases synonymous with "dementia", "sensor", "patient", "monitoring", "behavior", and "therapy". Studies applying both cross sectional and prospective designs, either as randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies were included. The study was registered in PROSPERO 3rd of May 2019. Results A total of 1,337 potential publications were identified in the search, of which 34 were included in this review after the systematic exclusion process. Studies were classified according to the type of technology used, as (1) wearable sensors, (2) non-wearable motion sensor technologies, and (3) assistive technologies/smart home technologies. Half of the studies investigated how temporarily dense data on motion can be utilized as a proxy for behavior, indicating high validity of using motion data to monitor behavior such as sleep disturbances, agitation and wandering. Further, up to half of the studies represented proof of concept, acceptability and/or feasibility testing. Overall, the technology was regarded as non-intrusive and well accepted. Conclusions Targeted clinical application of specific technologies is poised to revolutionize precision care in dementia as these technologies may be used both by patients and caregivers, and at a systems level to provide safe and effective care. To highlight awareness of legal regulations, data risk assessment, and patient and public involvement, we propose a necessary framework for sustainable ethical innovation in healthcare technology. The success of this field will depend on interdisciplinary cooperation and the advance in sustainable ethic innovation. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO, identifier CRD42019134313.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina S Husebo
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Elderly and Nursing Home Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Nursing Home Medicine, Municipality of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hannah L Heintz
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Line I Berge
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Elderly and Nursing Home Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,NKS Olaviken Gerontopsychiatric Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Praise Owoyemi
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Aniqa T Rahman
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Ipsit V Vahia
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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