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Zorkina Y, Ushakova V, Ochneva A, Tsurina A, Abramova O, Savenkova V, Goncharova A, Alekseenko I, Morozova I, Riabinina D, Kostyuk G, Morozova A. Lipids in Psychiatric Disorders: Functional and Potential Diagnostic Role as Blood Biomarkers. Metabolites 2024; 14:80. [PMID: 38392971 PMCID: PMC10890164 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipids are a crucial component of the human brain, serving important structural and functional roles. They are involved in cell function, myelination of neuronal projections, neurotransmission, neural plasticity, energy metabolism, and neuroinflammation. Despite their significance, the role of lipids in the development of mental disorders has not been well understood. This review focused on the potential use of lipids as blood biomarkers for common mental illnesses, such as major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. This review also discussed the impact of commonly used psychiatric medications, such as neuroleptics and antidepressants, on lipid metabolism. The obtained data suggested that lipid biomarkers could be useful for diagnosing psychiatric diseases, but further research is needed to better understand the associations between blood lipids and mental disorders and to identify specific biomarker combinations for each disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Zorkina
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Kropotkinsky per. 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeria Ushakova
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Kropotkinsky per. 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Ochneva
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Kropotkinsky per. 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Tsurina
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Abramova
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Kropotkinsky per. 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeria Savenkova
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Goncharova
- Moscow Center for Healthcare Innovations, 123473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Alekseenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academi of Science, 142290 Moscow, Russia
- Russia Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", 2, Kurchatov Square, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Morozova
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria Riabinina
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgy Kostyuk
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Morozova
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Kropotkinsky per. 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia
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Guo L, Ni Z, Wei G, Cheng W, Huang X, Yue W. Epigenome-wide DNA methylation analysis of whole blood cells derived from patients with GAD and OCD in the Chinese Han population. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:465. [PMID: 36344488 PMCID: PMC9640561 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02236-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) had high comorbidity and affected more than 44 million people around the world leading to a huge burden on health and economy. Here, we conducted an epigenome-wide DNA methylation study employing 93 patients with GAD, 65 patients with OCD, and 302 health controls, to explore epigenetic alterations associated with the onset and differences of GAD and OCD. We identified multiple differentially methylated positions (DMPs) and regions (DMRs): three DMP genes included RIOK3 (cg21515243, p = 8.00 × 10-10), DNASE2 (cg09379601, p = 1.10 × 10-9), and PSMB4 (cg01334186, p = 3.70 × 10-7) and two DMR genes USP6NL (p = 4.50 × 10-4) and CPLX1 (p = 6.95 × 10-4) were associated with the onset of GAD and OCD; three DMPs genes included LDLRAP1 (cg21400344, p = 4.40 × 10-12), ACIN1 (cg23712970, p = 2.98×10-11), and SCRT1 (cg25472897, p = 5.60 × 10-11) and three DMR genes WDR19 (p = 3.39 × 10-3), SYCP1 (p = 6.41 × 10-3), and FAM172A (p = 5.74 × 10-3) were associated with the differences between GAD and OCD. Investigation of epigenetic age and chronological age revealed a different epigenetic development trajectory of GAD and OCD. Conclusively, our findings which yielded robust models may aid in distinguishing patients from healthy controls (AUC = 0.90-0.99) or classifying patients with GAD and OCD (AUC = 0.89-0.99), and may power the precision medicine for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangkun Guo
- grid.459847.30000 0004 1798 0615Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, 100191 China ,grid.459847.30000 0004 1798 0615National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, & Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Mood Cognitive Disorder, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Zhaojun Ni
- grid.459847.30000 0004 1798 0615Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, 100191 China ,grid.459847.30000 0004 1798 0615National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, & Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Mood Cognitive Disorder, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Guiming Wei
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Daizhuang Hospital, 272051 Jining, Shandong China
| | - Weiqiu Cheng
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Xuebing Huang
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, & Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Mood Cognitive Disorder, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Weihua Yue
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, & Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Mood Cognitive Disorder, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China. .,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. .,Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Mirzaei E, Mirjalili M, Jahangard L, Haghighi M, Yasrebifar F, Mohammadi Y, Larki-Harchagani A, Mehrpooya M. Influence of Simvastatin as Augmentative Therapy in the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Pilot Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study. Neuropsychobiology 2021; 80:242-252. [PMID: 33070132 DOI: 10.1159/000510853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preliminary evidence is promising regarding the anxiolytic effects of statins in animal models of anxiety. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of simvastatin augmentation versus placebo in the treatment of patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) with residual symptoms despite treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). METHODS A double-blind, 8-week controlled trial was conducted from August 2018 to December 2019 in an outpatient psychiatry clinic in Hamadan, Iran. A total of 138 patients with a diagnosis of GAD were assessed for eligibility. Of them, 84 patients who met the study criteria were randomly assigned either to the adjuvant simvastatin (20 mg/day) or to the placebo group. Standard medication consisting of SSRIs was consistent 2 months prior to and during the study. The severity of anxiety symptoms for each patient was assessed based on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) score at baseline, week 4, and week 8 after treatment. Additionally, blood lipid values were assessed at baseline and on completion of the study. RESULTS Thirty-three out of 42 patients in the intervention group and 35 out of 42 patients in the control group completed the 8 weeks of the study period. Compared to the placebo group, in the simvastatin group cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein significantly decreased, and high-density lipoprotein significantly increased over time. General linear model analysis demonstrated that although over time a higher decrease in mean HAM-A scores was observed in the intervention group compared to the control group, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.11). In addition, at the end of the study, the number of responders and remitters was comparable in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS The results from this clinical study did not support the potential efficacy of adjunctive simvastatin in the treatment of patients with GAD. Thus, large-scale and long-term clinical trials are required to more accurately assess the potential efficacy of statins in the treatment of patients with anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Mirzaei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahtabalsadat Mirjalili
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Leila Jahangard
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Haghighi
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yasrebifar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Younes Mohammadi
- Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amir Larki-Harchagani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Mehrpooya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran,
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Wang SN, Yao ZW, Zhao CB, Ding YS, Bian LH, Li QY, Wang XM, Shi JL, Guo JY, Wang CG. Discovery and proteomics analysis of effective compounds in Valeriana jatamansi jones for the treatment of anxiety. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 265:113452. [PMID: 33069789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zhizhu Xiang (ZZX for short) is the root and rhizome of Valeriana jatamansi Jones, which is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) used to treat various mood disorders for more than 2000 years, especially anxiety. However, there have been few investigations to clarify the compounds in ZZX for the treatment of anxiety. AIM OF THE STUDY Our previous study has identified five anti-anxiety components, including hesperidin, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid B and isochlorogenic acid C and chlorogenic acid, from extract of ZZX. In order to find the optimal combination and the underlying mechanism of these five components in the treatment of anxiety disorder, researches were designed based on uniform design method and proteomic technology. MATERIALS AND METHODS The samples with different proportion and content of the five active components were arranged by uniform design method. Then a mathematical model was formulated using partial least square method and stepwise regression analysis. Moreover, the empty bottle stress-induced anxiety rat model was established, and the anti-anxiety effect was recorded by the unconditioned reflex elevated maze test and the open field test. In addition, the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technique, along with the multidimensional liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry were applied in proteomic study. At last, the result of proteomic analysis was further confirmed by Western blot. RESULTS The optimal combination of the components from the extract of ZZX was 1.153 mg/kg hesperidin, 2.197 mg/kg Isochlorogenic acid A, 0.699 mg/kg Isochlorogenic acid B and 1.249 mg/kg Chlorogenic acid. Total 6818 proteins were identified using proteomic analysis and 80 differentially expressed proteins were used for further bioinformatic analysis. These proteins were involved in the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, protein digestion and absorption, cholesterol metabolism, Chagas disease, and AGE/RAGE signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS The composition and proportion of anti-anxiety components in extract of ZZX was disclosed, and there was an anti-anxiety effect for the combined components of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Through proteomic analysis and Western blot, it was found that the effective components of extract of ZZX can exert synergistic anti-anxiety effects via the regulation of multi-signaling pathways. These findings could provide a preliminary research basis for the development of new low-toxic, efficient, stable and controllable anti-anxiety drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Nan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11A North Third Ring East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China; School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Luquan District, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei, 050200, China.
| | - Zi-Wei Yao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11A North Third Ring East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Cheng-Bowen Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11A North Third Ring East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yong-Sheng Ding
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11A North Third Ring East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Li-Hua Bian
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11A North Third Ring East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Qiu-Yu Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11A North Third Ring East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xiao-Mei Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11A North Third Ring East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jin-Li Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11A North Third Ring East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jian-You Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 4A DatunRoad, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Chun-Guo Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11A North Third Ring East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Vats P, Das B, Khanra S. Serum Lipids among Drug Naïve or Drug-Free Patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and their Association with Impulsivity: A Comparative Study. Indian J Psychol Med 2020; 42:281-289. [PMID: 32612334 PMCID: PMC7320738 DOI: 10.4103/ijpsym.ijpsym_299_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The derangement of serum lipids is well documented in psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia, mania, and depression but not in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), where it has been inadequately examined. Also, serum lipid abnormalities are increasingly found in "impulsivity," an important sub-construct of OCD. Our study aimed to examine serum lipid profile among patients with OCD and its association with clinical profile and impulsivity among them. METHODS Forty drug naïve or drug-free (four weeks for oral and eight weeks for any depot psychotropics) patients with OCD according to International Classification of Disease -10th version (ICD-10): Diagnostic Criteria for Research (DCR) by the World Health Organization (WHO), from outpatient and inpatient departments of a tertiary care psychiatric hospital were recruited. Measures like Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Hamliton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), Barratt's Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11), and Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A) were administered. Forty age and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) were recruited after screening with General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12). Serum lipids were assessed in both the groups. RESULTS Serum high density lipoproteins (HDL) (P < 0.001; partial η2 = 0.176) and apolipoprotein B (P < 0.001; partial η2 = 0.531) were significantly higher in OCD group than age- and sex-matched HC. A trend toward lower serum HDL (P = 0.06; partial η2 = 0.060) was observed among patients of OCD with high impulsivity. Serum HDL was negatively correlated with BIS attention (rs =-0.32; p = 0.03), BIS motor (rs = 0.40; P = 0.01), BIS non-planning (rs = - 0.36; P = 0.02), and BIS total (rs = - 0.36; P = 0.01) scores. Serum triglycerides (TG) (rs = 0.34; P = 0.03) and apolipoprotein B (rs = -0.32; P = 0.04) were negatively correlated with Y-BOCS compulsion score. Serum TG (rs = -0.45, P < 0.01) and serum very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) was negatively (rs = -0.39; P = 0.01) correlated with Y-BOCS total scores. Serum VLDL was positively (rs = 0.34; P = 0.03) correlated with BIS motor scores. CONCLUSIONS Serum lipid fractions are deranged among patients with OCD. Different lipid fractions have different associations with clinical profiles of OCD. Impulsivity among patients with OCD may have a specific association with serum lipids. A small sample size, use of self-report measure without adaptation for impulsivity, a lack of metabolic profile assessment among participants, and a lack of assessment of impulsivity among HC were the limitations of our tudy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purvi Vats
- Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Basudeb Das
- Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sourav Khanra
- Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
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Association between decreased HDL levels and cognitive deficits in patients with bipolar disorder: a pilot study. Int J Bipolar Disord 2019; 7:25. [PMID: 31761966 PMCID: PMC6875532 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-019-0159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive deficits are common in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Abnormal high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels have been implicated in cognitive deficits associated with ageing and neurodegenerative disorders. The present study aimed to investigate serum HDL levels, cognitive deficits and their association in patients with BD. Methods Thirty-seven patients with BD and 37 gender- and age-matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited in a case–control study. Cognition was assessed using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), and serum HDL levels were measured using enzymatic colourimetry. Results There was no difference in serum HDL levels between patients with BD and HCs after adjusting for gender, age, education and body mass index (BMI). Cognitive test scores in patients with BD were significantly lower than those in HCs except for the visuospatial/constructional index after adjusting for confounding variables. Serum HDL levels were positively correlated with RBANS total score and language score in patients with BD. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that serum HDL levels were significantly correlated with RBANS total score and subscale scores on immediate memory and language in patients with BD after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusions Our findings suggest that patients with BD had poorer cognitive performance than HCs except for the visuospatial/constructional domain, and decreased serum HDL levels were correlated with cognitive deficits, especially in immediate memory and language domains in patients with BD.
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Uysal A, Aykutoglu B, Ascigil E. Basic psychological need frustration and health: Prospective associations with sleep quality and cholesterol. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-019-09806-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ugur C, Uneri OS, Goker Z, Sekmen E, Aydemir H, Solmaz E. The assessment of serum lipid profiles of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Res 2018; 264:231-235. [PMID: 29655116 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders in children and the pathophysiology remains obscure. Some studies show that lipid imbalances are associated with ADHD etiology. We studied the association of serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglyceride (TG) levels in ADHD. We examined 88 children aged 8-12 years who were diagnosed with ADHD and 88 healthy children. The exclusion criteria were as follows: obesity, any psychotropic use in the last 3 months, presence of a chronic disease and/or malignancy, history of medically treated lipid metabolism disease in family members, intelligence quotient (IQ) < 70, and comorbidities, with the exception of oppositional defiant disorder. The sample was evaluated using a semi-structured clinical assessment interview and Conners' rating scales. Despite controlling for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) variables, the total cholesterol and LDL levels were significantly higher in the ADHD group than the levels of healthy controls, whereas the TG and HDL cholesterol levels were similar among groups. Conners' rating scales, reflecting symptom severity, and total cholesterol, TG, HDL, and LDL levels of the ADHD group were not correlated. The study results support the difference in serum lipid and lipoprotein profiles of children with ADHD compared with healthy controls. This difference is thought to be related with changes in oxidant/antioxidant balance states in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cagatay Ugur
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Child Health and Diseases Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Sehit Omer Halisdemir Caddesi, Kurtdereli Sokak, No: 10 06100, Diskapi/Ankara Turkey.
| | - Ozden Sukran Uneri
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Child Health and Diseases Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Sehit Omer Halisdemir Caddesi, Kurtdereli Sokak, No: 10 06100, Diskapi/Ankara Turkey
| | - Zeynep Goker
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Child Health and Diseases Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Sehit Omer Halisdemir Caddesi, Kurtdereli Sokak, No: 10 06100, Diskapi/Ankara Turkey
| | - Ebru Sekmen
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Child Health and Diseases Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Sehit Omer Halisdemir Caddesi, Kurtdereli Sokak, No: 10 06100, Diskapi/Ankara Turkey
| | - Hilal Aydemir
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Child Health and Diseases Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Sehit Omer Halisdemir Caddesi, Kurtdereli Sokak, No: 10 06100, Diskapi/Ankara Turkey
| | - Esra Solmaz
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Ankara University Medical School, Ankara Turkey
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De La Vega D, Giner L, Courtet P. Suicidality in Subjects With Anxiety or Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders: Recent Advances. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2018; 20:26. [PMID: 29594718 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-018-0885-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Historically, anxiety disorders have not been considered as important determinants of suicide, but in the last years, many works have challenged this assumption. Here, we will review the available evidence on the relationship between suicide and anxiety disorders (e.g., obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and body dysmorphic disorder), with special emphasis on findings published in the last years. RECENT FINDINGS Overall, anxiety disorders increase the risk of suicide. Specifically, 16% of patients with social anxiety disorder reported suicidal ideation in the previous month, and 18% of them had a history of suicide attempts. Similarly, in patients with panic disorder, suicidal ideation prevalence ranged between 17 and 32%, and 33% of them had a history of suicide attempts. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) was the most frequent anxiety disorder in completed suicides (present in 3% of people who committed suicide) and also subthreshold GAD was clearly linked to suicide ideation. Post-traumatic stress disorder was positively associated with suicidal ideation, and in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, suicide ideation rates ranged from 10 to 53% and suicide attempts from 1 to 46%. Body dysmorphic disorders presented a suicide ideation prevalence of about 80%. Suicide risk is increased in subjects with anxiety disorder. This risk is higher in the presence of comorbidities, but it is not clear whether it is independent from such comorbidities in some disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego De La Vega
- Unidad de Hospitalización de Salud Mental, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental del Hospital Virgen Macarena, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Lucas Giner
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Sánchez-Pizjuán s/n, 41009, Seville, Spain.
| | - Philippe Courtet
- CHRU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, INSERM unit 1061, Montpellier, France.,Fondamental Foundation, Créteil, France
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Hypercholesterolemia causes psychomotor abnormalities in mice and alterations in cortico-striatal biogenic amine neurotransmitters: Relevance to Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Int 2017; 108:15-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Parekh A, Smeeth D, Milner Y, Thure S. The Role of Lipid Biomarkers in Major Depression. Healthcare (Basel) 2017; 5:healthcare5010005. [PMID: 28165367 PMCID: PMC5371911 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare5010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the UK, the lifetime-documented prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) is currently 10%. Despite its increasing prevalence and devastating impact on quality of life, the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning MDD remain to be fully elucidated. Current theories of neurobiological components remain incomplete and protein-centric, rendering pharmacological treatment options suboptimal. In this review, we highlight the pivotal role of lipids in intra- and inter-neuronal functioning, emphasising the potential use of lipids as biomarkers for MDD. The latter has significant implications for improving our understanding of MDD at the cellular and circuit level. There is particular focus on cholesterol (high and low density lipoprotein), omega-3, and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids due to established evidence in the literature of a link between atherosclerotic disease and major depression. We argue that there is significant potential scope for the use of such peripheral biomarkers in the diagnosis, stratification and treatment of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Parekh
- Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK.
| | - Demelza Smeeth
- Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK.
| | - Yasmin Milner
- Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK.
| | - Sandrine Thure
- Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK.
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De Berardis D, Serroni N, Campanella D, Marini S, Rapini G, Valchera A, Iasevoli F, Mazza M, Fornaro M, Perna G, Di Iorio G, Martinotti G, Di Giannantonio M. Alexithymia, Suicide Ideation, C-Reactive Protein, and Serum Lipid Levels Among Outpatients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Arch Suicide Res 2017; 21:100-112. [PMID: 25856390 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2015.1004485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between alexithymia, suicide ideation, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), and serum lipid levels in adult outpatients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Seventy consecutive patients with GAD were recruited and evaluated. Measures were the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Scale of Suicide Ideation (SSI), and the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). All patients were assessed for: CRP, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceridaemia (TG), and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C). TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios were also evaluated. Alexithymic patients showed higher scores on almost all rating scales and altered serum CRP and lipid levels vs. non-alexithymics. In the hierarchical regression model, the presence of higher MADRS scores together with higher scores at the Difficulty in Identifying Feelings dimension of TAS-20 were associated with higher rates of suicide ideation. Although alexithymic subjects with GAD may show a CRP and cholesterol dysregulation, this latter seems independent on increased suicide ideation, rather to Difficulty in Identifying Feelings, and subthreshold depressive symptoms. Study limitations and future research implications are discussed.
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Mensorio MS, Cebolla A, Lisón JF, Rodilla E, Palomar G, Miragall M, Baños RM. Emotional eating as a mediator between anxiety and cholesterol in population with overweight and hypertension. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2016; 22:911-918. [PMID: 28010121 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2016.1271134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Although the relationship between cholesterol and mood states (especially anxiety) has been well studied, few researches have included the role of eating styles in this relationship. This study explored the associations among eating styles, negative emotional symptoms, and levels of cholesterol (and other medical variables) in a population with hypertension and overweight or obesity, analyzing the possible mediation mechanisms involved. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 68 adults with hypertension and overweight/obesity, and stepwise multiple regression analysis and mediation analyses were carried out to test the hypothesis that eating styles mediate the relationship between negative emotional symptoms and cholesterol. Several significant correlations among age, anthropometric, medical, and psychological variables (eating styles and negative emotional symptoms) were found. There was a significant indirect effect of anxiety on total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol through emotional eating. Results suggest that emotional eating has a relevant role in the rise in total and LDL cholesterol, acting as a mediator in the relationship between anxiety and cholesterol. This finding could have important implications, since it introduces a new variable in the relationship between emotions and cholesterol and, therefore, changes the way of understanding this relationship, and of treating high cholesterol in a hypertensive sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinna S Mensorio
- a Facultad de Psicología , Universitat de València , Valencia , Spain.,b CAPES Foundation , Brasilia , Brazil
| | - Ausiàs Cebolla
- a Facultad de Psicología , Universitat de València , Valencia , Spain.,c CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) , Instituto Carlos III , Madrid , Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Lisón
- d Departamento de Medicina , Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera , Valencia , Spain
| | - Enrique Rodilla
- d Departamento de Medicina , Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera , Valencia , Spain.,e Hypertension and Vascular Risk Unit , Hospital de Sagunto , Sagunto , Spain
| | | | - Marta Miragall
- a Facultad de Psicología , Universitat de València , Valencia , Spain
| | - Rosa Maria Baños
- a Facultad de Psicología , Universitat de València , Valencia , Spain.,c CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) , Instituto Carlos III , Madrid , Spain
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14
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Machado MB, Ignácio ZM, Jornada LK, Réus GZ, Abelaira HM, Arent CO, Schwalm MT, Ceretta RA, Ceretta LB, Quevedo J. Prevalência de transtornos ansiosos e algumas comorbidades em idosos: um estudo de base populacional. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/0047-2085000000100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a prevalência de transtornos ansiosos e fatores associados em uma amostra populacional de idosos do Sul de Santa Catarina. Métodos Estudo transversal com base em dados populacionais, que avaliou 1.021 indivíduos idosos entre 60 e 79 anos. Foram realizadas entrevistas domiciliares para aferição de variáveis sobre transtornos ansiosos, por meio do questionário MINI, dados sociodemográficos, hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS), infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) e dosagem de colesterol. Resultados As prevalências entre os transtornos ansiosos foram de 22,0% para o transtorno de ansiedade generalizada (TAG); 14,8% para fobia social (FS); 10,5% para transtorno do pânico (TP); e 8,5% para o transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo (TOC). Além disso, 40,5% dos indivíduos apresentaram pelo menos um transtorno de ansiedade. A distribuição dos transtornos foi semelhante nos dois gêneros; TAG foi mais prevalente nos indivíduos de menor escolaridade; TOC foi mais presente em indivíduos casados ou em união estável. Em relação às variáveis clínicas, HAS foi associada à presença de TOC; FS foi associada com IAM; TOC e FS foram associados com HDL > 40 mg/dL. Conclusão Os dados demonstram que os quadros de ansiedade são muito frequentes em idosos da comunidade, se sobrepõem de forma significativa e estão associados a algumas variáveis clínicas cardiovasculares.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - João Quevedo
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense; The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA; The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA; The University of Texas, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety is a common experience among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) that can have a negative impact on health outcomes. Nonetheless, the negative role of anxiety remains underappreciated, as reflected by clinicians' underrecognition and undertreatment of anxious hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients with ACS. Underappreciation of the role of anxiety is possibly related to inadequate understanding of the mechanisms whereby anxiety may adversely affect health outcomes. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to synthesize the evidence about potential mechanisms by which anxiety and adverse health outcomes are related. CONCLUSIONS A biobehavioral model links anxiety to the development of thrombogenic and arrhythmic events in patients with ACS. Biologically, anxiety may interfere with the immune system, lipid profile, automatic nervous system balance, and the coagulation cascade, whereas behaviorally, anxiety may adversely affect adoption of healthy habits and cardiac risk-reducing behaviors. The biological and behavioral pathways complement each other in the production of poor outcomes. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Anxiety requires more attention from clinical cardiology. The adverse impact of anxiety on health outcomes could be avoided by efficient assessment and treatment of anxiety.
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Hu X, Wang T, Luo J, Liang S, Li W, Wu X, Jin F, Wang L. Age-dependent effect of high cholesterol diets on anxiety-like behavior in elevated plus maze test in rats. Behav Brain Funct 2014; 10:30. [PMID: 25179125 PMCID: PMC4158000 DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-10-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cholesterol is an essential component of brain and nerve cells and is essential for maintaining the function of the nervous system. Epidemiological studies showed that patients suffering from anxiety disorders have higher serum cholesterol levels. In this study, we investigated the influence of high cholesterol diet on anxiety-like behavior in elevated plus maze in animal model and explored the relationship between cholesterol and anxiety-like behavior from the aspect of central neurochemical changes. Methods Young (3 weeks old) and adult (20 weeks old) rats were given a high cholesterol diet for 8 weeks. The anxiety-like behavior in elevated plus maze test and changes of central neurochemical implicated in anxiety were measured. Results In young rats, high cholesterol diet induced anxiolytic-like behavior, decreased serum corticosterone (CORT), increased hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), increased hippocampal mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and decreased glucocorticoid receptor (GR). In adult rats, high cholesterol diet induced anxiety-like behavior and increase of serum CORT and decrease of hippocampal BDNF comparing with their respective control group that fed the regular diet. Discussion High cholesterol diet induced age-dependent effects on anxiety-like behavior and central neurochemical changes. High cholesterol diet might affect the central nervous system (CNS) function differently, and resulting in different behavior performance of anxiety in different age period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Feng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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17
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Association between sudden sensorineural hearing loss and anxiety disorder: a population-based study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 272:2673-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-014-3235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Segatto M, Manduca A, Lecis C, Rosso P, Jozwiak A, Swiezewska E, Moreno S, Trezza V, Pallottini V. Simvastatin treatment highlights a new role for the isoprenoid/cholesterol biosynthetic pathway in the modulation of emotional reactivity and cognitive performance in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:841-54. [PMID: 24108067 PMCID: PMC3924519 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to shed light on the role played by the isoprenoid/cholesterol biosynthetic pathway in the modulation of emotional reactivity and memory consolidation in rodents through the inhibition of the key and rate-limiting enzyme 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) both in vivo and in vitro with simvastatin. Three-month-old male Wistar rats treated for 21 days with simvastatin or vehicle were tested in the social interaction, elevated plus-maze, and inhibitory avoidance tasks; after behavioral testing, the amygdala, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, dorsal, and ventral striatum were dissected out for biochemical assays. In order to delve deeper into the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed effects, primary rat hippocampal neurons were used. Our results show that HMGR inhibition by simvastatin induces anxiogenic-like effects in the social interaction but not in the elevated plus-maze test, and improves memory consolidation in the inhibitory avoidance task. These effects are accompanied by imbalances in the activity of specific prenylated proteins, Rab3 and RhoA, involved in neurotransmitter release, and synaptic plasticity, respectively. Taken together, the present findings indicate that the isoprenoid/cholesterol biosynthetic pathway is critically involved in the physiological modulation of both emotional and cognitive processes in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Segatto
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Marconi, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonia Manduca
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Marconi, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Lecis
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Marconi, Rome, Italy
| | - Pamela Rosso
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Marconi, Rome, Italy
| | - Adam Jozwiak
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Swiezewska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sandra Moreno
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Marconi, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Trezza
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Marconi, Rome, Italy
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19
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De Berardis D, Serroni N, Marini S, Rapini G, Carano A, Valchera A, Iasevoli F, Mazza M, Signorelli M, Aguglia E, Perna G, Martinotti G, Varasano PA, Pressanti GL, Di Giannantonio M. Alexithymia, suicidal ideation, and serum lipid levels among drug-naïve outpatients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 36:125-30. [PMID: 24554275 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2013-1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a relatively common psychiatric disorder with a significant suicide risk, the individuation of potential biomarkers of suicidality, such as cholesterol levels, may enable recognition of at-risk subjects. Therefore, the aims of this study were to: 1) evaluate potential differences in clinical and laboratory parameters between patients with and without alexithymia and compare them with healthy controls; and 2) investigate which clinical and laboratory variables were associated with suicidal ideation. METHODS 79 drug-naïve adult outpatients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of OCD were recruited. Alexithymia was measured with the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), suicidal ideation was assessed with the Scale for Suicide Ideation, and depressive symptoms were evaluated with the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Serum lipid levels of 40 healthy controls were also evaluated. RESULTS Alexithymic patients had altered serum lipid levels in comparison with non-alexithymics and healthy controls. Using a linear regression model, the presence of symmetry/ordering obsessions and compulsions, lower HDL-C levels, and difficulty in identifying feelings dimension of the TAS-20 were associated with higher suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS Alexithymic individuals with OCD may exhibit dysregulation of the cholesterol balance, which in turn may be linked to suicidal ideation. Further prospective studies are required to elucidate this potential association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico De Berardis
- Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Mental Health, G. Mazzini Hospital, Teramo, Italy
| | - Nicola Serroni
- Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Mental Health, G. Mazzini Hospital, Teramo, Italy
| | - Stefano Marini
- Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Mental Health, G. Mazzini Hospital, Teramo, Italy
| | - Gabriella Rapini
- Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Mental Health, G. Mazzini Hospital, Teramo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Carano
- Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, Universitè degli Studi G. d'Annunzio Chieti e Pescara, Chieti Scalo, Italy
| | | | - Felice Iasevoli
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Universitè degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Mazza
- Department of Science of Health, Universitè degli Studi dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maria Signorelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitè degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Eugenio Aguglia
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitè degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Perna
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Paola A Varasano
- Department of Immunohematology and Transfusional Medicine, G. Mazzini Hospital, Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Di Giannantonio
- Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, Universitè degli Studi G. d'Annunzio Chieti e Pescara, Chieti Scalo, Italy
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20
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De Berardis D, Campanella D, Serroni N, Moschetta FS, Di Emidio F, Conti C, Carano A, Acciavatti T, Di Iorio G, Martinotti G, Siracusano A, Di Giannantonio M. Alexithymia, suicide risk and serum lipid levels among adult outpatients with panic disorder. Compr Psychiatry 2013; 54:517-22. [PMID: 23332553 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the relationships between alexithymia, suicide ideation and serum lipid levels in drug-naïve adult outpatients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of Panic Disorder (PD), 72 patients were evaluated. Measures were the Panic Attack and Anticipatory Anxiety Scale, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Scale of Suicide Ideation (SSI) and the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Alexithymic patients showed higher scores on all rating scales and altered serum lipid levels than non-alexithymics. In the hierarchical regression model, the presence of lower HDL-C and higher VLDL-C levels and Difficulty in Identifying Feelings dimension of TAS-20 were associated with higher suicide ideation. In conclusion, alexithymic individuals with PD may show a cholesterol dysregulation that may be linked to suicide ideation. The authors discuss study limitations and future research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico De Berardis
- Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti, Italy.
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21
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Pistorio E, Luca M, Luca A, Messina V, Calandra C. Autonomic nervous system and lipid metabolism: findings in anxious-depressive spectrum and eating disorders. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:192. [PMID: 22034981 PMCID: PMC3215932 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To correlate lipid metabolism and autonomic dysfunction with anxious-depressive spectrum and eating disorders. To propose the lipid index (LI) as a new possible biomarker. METHODS 95 patients and 60 controls were enrolled from the University Psychiatry Unit of Catania and from general practitioners (GPs). The patients were divided into four pathological groups: Anxiety, Depression, Anxious-Depressive Disorder and Eating Disorders [Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) official/appendix criteria]. The levels of the cholesterol, triglycerides and apolipoproteins A and B were determined. The LI, for each subject, was obtained through a mathematical operation on the values of the cholesterol and triglycerides levels compared with the maximum cut-off of the general population. The autonomic functioning was tested with Ewing battery tests. Particularly, the correlation between heart rate variability (HRV) and lipid metabolism has been investigated. RESULTS Pathological and control groups, compared among each other, presented some peculiarities in the lipid metabolism and the autonomic dysfunction scores. In addition, a statistically significant correlation has been found between HRV and lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Lipid metabolism and autonomic functioning seem to be related to the discussed psychiatric disorders. LI, in addition, could represent a new possible biomarker to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Pistorio
- Department of Medical and Surgery Specialties-Psychiatry Unit, University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", (Via S. Sofia 78), Catania, (95100), Italy
| | - Maria Luca
- Department of Medical and Surgery Specialties-Psychiatry Unit, University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", (Via S. Sofia 78), Catania, (95100), Italy
| | - Antonina Luca
- Department of Neuroscience, University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", (Via S. Sofia 78), Catania, (95100), Italy
| | - Vincenzo Messina
- Department of Medical and Surgery Specialties-Psychiatry Unit, University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", (Via S. Sofia 78), Catania, (95100), Italy
| | - Carmela Calandra
- Department of Medical and Surgery Specialties-Psychiatry Unit, University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", (Via S. Sofia 78), Catania, (95100), Italy
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22
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Kim EK, Neggers YH, Shin CS, Kim E, Kim EM. Alterations in lipid profile of autistic boys: a case control study. Nutr Res 2010; 30:255-60. [PMID: 20534328 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesize that autism is associated with alterations in the plasma lipid profile and that some lipid fractions in autistic boys may be significantly different than those of healthy boys. A matched case control study was conducted with 29 autistic boys (mean age, 10.1 +/- 1.3 years) recruited from a school for disabled children and 29 comparable healthy boys from a neighboring elementary school in South Korea. Fasting plasma total cholesterol (T-Chol), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), the LDL/HDL ratio, and 1-day food intakes were measured. Multiple regression analyses were performed to assess the association between autism and various lipid fractions. The mean TG level (102.4 +/- 52.4 vs 70.6 +/- 36.3; P = .01) was significantly higher, whereas the mean HDL-C level (48.8 +/- 11.9 vs 60.5 +/- 10.9 mg/dL; P = .003) was significantly lower in cases as compared to controls. There was no significant difference in T-Chol and LDL-C levels between cases and controls. The LDL/HDL ratio was significantly higher in cases as compared to controls. Multiple regression analyses indicated that autism was significantly associated with plasma TG (beta = 31.7 +/- 11.9; P = .01), HDL (beta = -11.6 +/- 2.1; P = .0003), and the LDL/HDL ratio (beta = 0.40 +/- 0.18; P = .04). There was a significant interaction between autism and TG level in relation to plasma HDL level (P = .02). Fifty-three percent of variation in the plasma HDL was explained by autism, plasma TG, LDL/HDL ratio, and the interaction between autism and plasma TG level. These results indicate the presence of dyslipidemia in boys with autism and suggest a possibility that dyslipidemia might be a marker of association between lipid metabolism and autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Food Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangwon-do, Korea
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterise lipid profile in dogs with tail chasing. METHODS Fifteen dogs with tail chasing were included in this study. A behavioural diagnosis was made for each dog on the basis of the dog's behavioural history, clinical signs and results of other medical assessments. None of the dogs had concurrent medical disease that would account for compulsive tail chasing. Blood samples were taken from each dog after a fasting period of 12 to 16 hours to measure total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Fifteen control dogs were also enrolled on the basis of normal physical examination results, complete blood count and serum biochemistry profiles. RESULTS Dogs with tail chasing had significantly higher total cholesterol (P<0.01), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P<0.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P<0.001) compared with control dogs. Very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels did not differ significantly between the groups. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Tail chasing may be associated with serum cholesterol elevations in dogs. High serum cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels may be used as biochemical parameters of compulsive tail chasing in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Yalcin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Uludag, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
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24
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Perez-Parada J, Jhangri GS, Lara N, Chrapko W, Castillo Abadia MDP, Gil L, Le Mellédo JM. Delayed increase in LDL cholesterol following pentagastrin-induced panic attacks. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2007; 193:333-40. [PMID: 17450352 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-007-0759-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2006] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Panic disorder (PD) has been associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. There are inconsistent reports of increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in patients with PD. Studies have reported a correlation between cholesterol levels and the intensity and frequency of panic attacks (PAs), suggesting that an elevation in cholesterol could be due to physiological and neurochemical changes that occur during and after a PA. The objective of our study was to show that the occurrence of a PA is associated with an increase in LDL-C. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design with randomized injections of placebo and pentagastrin in 18 patients with PD (11 men, 7 women) and 33 healthy-control subjects (24 men, 9 women). RESULTS Pentagastrin-induced PAs were associated with a statistically significant 10.4% delayed (24 h) increase in LDL-C levels in male subjects. Such an effect was not observed in female subjects. CONCLUSION LDL-C levels are directly affected by the occurrence of a PA in males. These findings, in association with previous reports of increased cholesterol levels in PD patients, suggest that a chronic increase in LDL-C as a result of frequent PAs may be one of the mechanisms that contributes, at least in male patients, to previously reported increased CV risk in patients with PD. The gender difference and the temporal association between PAs and increased LDL-C may explain the inconsistency in the findings of previous investigations of cholesterol levels in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Perez-Parada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, 1E7.05 Mackenzie Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Dziobek I, Gold SM, Wolf OT, Convit A. Hypercholesterolemia in Asperger syndrome: independence from lifestyle, obsessive-compulsive behavior, and social anxiety. Psychiatry Res 2007; 149:321-4. [PMID: 17123635 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2006.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2005] [Revised: 12/19/2005] [Accepted: 02/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We report on elevated total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in 22 individuals with Asperger syndrome compared with well-matched controls, after accounting for lifestyle variables and clinical symptomatology that could affect them. A potential role for dyslipidemia in the pathogenesis of some forms of autism is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Dziobek
- Center for Brain Health, HN-400, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Herrán A, Ramírez ML, Carrera M, García-Unzueta MT, Sierra-Biddle D, Rodríguez-Cabo B, Ayestarán A, Hoyuela F, Vázquez-Barquero JL. Panic disorder, treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and cholesterol levels. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2006; 26:538-40. [PMID: 16974205 DOI: 10.1097/01.jcp.0000237941.56107.b7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Bradwejn J, Ahokas A, Stein DJ, Salinas E, Emilien G, Whitaker T. Venlafaxine extended-release capsules in panic disorder: flexible-dose, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Br J Psychiatry 2005; 187:352-9. [PMID: 16199795 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.187.4.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Venlafaxine extended-release (ER) has proven efficacy in the treatment of anxiety symptoms in major depression, generalised anxiety disorder and social anxiety disorder. AIMS To evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of venlafaxine ER in treating panic disorder. METHOD Adult out-patients (n=361) with panic disorder were randomly assigned to receive venlafaxine ER (75-225 mg/day) or placebo for up to 10 weeks in a double-blind study. RESULTS Venlafaxine ER was not associated with a greater proportion of patients free from full-symptom panic attacks at the final on-therapy evaluation, but was associated with lower mean panic attack frequency and a higher proportion free from limited-symptom panic attacks, higher response and remission rates, and improvements in anticipatory anxiety, fear and avoidance. Adverse events were comparable with those of the drug in depression and anxiety disorders. CONCLUSIONS Venlafaxine ER seems to be effective and well tolerated in the short-term treatment of panic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Bradwejn
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Hospital, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Z 7K4.
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Agargun MY, Dulger H, Inci R, Kara H, Ozer OA, Sekeroglu MR, Besiroglu L. Serum lipid concentrations in obsessive-compulsive disorder patients with and without panic attacks. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2004; 49:776-8. [PMID: 15633856 DOI: 10.1177/070674370404901109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine serum lipid levels in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and to test whether panic symptoms affect lipid concentrations in OCD patients. METHODS We assessed 33 OCD patients and 33 healthy control subjects matched for sex and age. RESULTS OCD patients had higher low-density lipoprotein, very-low-density lipoprotein, and tryglyceride levels, but lower high-density lipoprotein levels, than normal control subjects. We also found that only OCD patients with panic attacks had higher serum lipid concentrations, compared with normal control subjects. Serum lipid levels of pure OCD patients did not differ from control values. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that high serum lipid concentrations are related to panic anxiety rather than other symptoms of the illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Yucel Agargun
- Yuzuncu Yil University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Research Center, Van, Turkey.
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Karlović D, Buljan D, Martinac M, Marcinko D. Serum lipid concentrations in Croatian veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder,post-traumatic stress disorder comorbid with major depressive disorder,or major depressive disorder. J Korean Med Sci 2004; 19:431-6. [PMID: 15201512 PMCID: PMC2816847 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2004.19.3.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2003] [Accepted: 03/08/2004] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess eventual differences in serum cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio between veterans with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) only or comorbid with major depressive disorder (MDD), veterans with combat experiences with MDD, and healthy control group. PTSD and/ or MDD were diagnose according to structured clinical interview based on DSM-IV criteria. Additional criteria to diagnose PTSD were Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), and to diagnose MDD Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRAS). Serum lipid concentrations were determined by using the enzyme-assay method. Veterans with combat-related PTSD as well as veterans with combat-related PTSD comorbid with MDD showed significantly higher concentrations of cholesterol (F=9.858, p<0.01), triglycerides (F=10.112, p<0.01), LDL-C (F=11.145, p<0.01), and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (F=8.346, p<0.01) vs. veterans with MDD or healthy control group. Contrary healthy control group and veterans with MDD showed significantly higher concentrations of HDL-C (F=8.421, p<0.01), vs. veterans with PTSD or PTSD comorbid with MDD. In conclusion, there are no differences in serum lipid concentrations between veterans with combat-related PTSD and PTSD comorbid with MDD, but they have higher lipid concentrations than veterans with MDD or healthy control subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalibor Karlović
- University Department of Psychiatry, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital, Vinogradska cestra 29, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Papakostas GI, Ongür D, Iosifescu DV, Mischoulon D, Fava M. Cholesterol in mood and anxiety disorders: review of the literature and new hypotheses. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2004; 14:135-42. [PMID: 15013029 DOI: 10.1016/s0924-977x(03)00099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2002] [Revised: 06/17/2003] [Accepted: 06/17/2003] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol plays an integral role in the structure and function of the cell membrane and may also affect neurotransmission in the central nervous system. Previous work has identified abnormalities in serum cholesterol levels in patients with mood and anxiety disorders as well as in suicidal patients. However, the biological significance of these abnormalities remains to be clarified. An understanding of how serum cholesterol relates to the pathophysiology of mood disorders may generate biological markers that predict treatment response as well as targets for novel therapeutic strategies. In this article, we review the literature studying the significance of cholesterol in mood and anxiety disorders, with an emphasis on new studies focusing on the adverse impact of hypercholesterolemia on the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). We then propose possible mechanisms that would account for the relationship between elevated cholesterol and treatment non-response in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- George I Papakostas
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 15 Parkman Street, WACC #812, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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