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Pérez-Flores NJ, Bagwell M, Mora A, Cabassa LJ. Analysis of Spanish-Language News Reports on Schizophrenia and Psychosis. Psychiatr Serv 2024:appips20230324. [PMID: 38982836 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.20230324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stigma toward individuals with schizophrenia and psychosis has been widely studied in the general population, but research on Spanish-language news media coverage of these mental disorders in the Latinx population is limited. The authors aimed to examine how schizophrenia and psychosis are commonly presented in U.S. Spanish-language news media, focusing on stigmatizing stereotypes, recovery themes, and the use of best practices for reporting on mental health issues. METHODS A content analysis was conducted of reports from two leading U.S. Spanish-language news outlets, Univision and Telemundo, and from the newspaper database U.S. Hispanic Newsstream. The searches included articles published from August 1, 2012, to August 1, 2022, and included keywords related to schizophrenia and psychosis. RESULTS In total, 108 news articles were identified and coded. Several types of stigmatizing stereotypes were observed, including portraying a person with schizophrenia or psychosis as violent, suicidal, incompetent, or weak. Only 20 news articles included at least one recovery theme, with educational information about schizophrenia or psychosis being the most common. Most articles used person-first language when referring to people with these conditions, but few articles included information about treatment options or where and how to seek mental health care. CONCLUSIONS More studies should emphasize the importance of U.S. Spanish-language news outlets offering linguistically and culturally appropriate information on treatment options and where and how to access mental health care. Studies focusing on recovery and treatment for schizophrenia and psychosis are needed to combat public mental health stigma in the Latinx population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Jacquelyn Pérez-Flores
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work (all authors) and Center for Mental Health Services Research (Pérez-Flores, Cabassa), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis
| | - Michelle Bagwell
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work (all authors) and Center for Mental Health Services Research (Pérez-Flores, Cabassa), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis
| | - Ali Mora
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work (all authors) and Center for Mental Health Services Research (Pérez-Flores, Cabassa), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis
| | - Leopoldo J Cabassa
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work (all authors) and Center for Mental Health Services Research (Pérez-Flores, Cabassa), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis
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DuPont-Reyes MJ, Villatoro AP, Tang L. Mechanisms of mental illness anti-stigma messaging matter: Leveraging mental health communication inequities among Latinx populations to understand what works and what we can do better. Soc Sci Med 2024; 349:116865. [PMID: 38643699 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since 1950, public communication about the neurobiological-psychosocial basis of mental illness from the diathesis-stress model has promoted reception to treatment yet violent/dangerous stereotypes have increased during this period. Moreover, public mental health communication efforts have predominantly diffused in English-language media, excluding Spanish/Latinx media and its consumers from these efforts. To inform future mental health communication strategies, this study leverages high versus low diffusion of public mental health communication across English and Spanish/Latinx media to examine public mental health communication effects on stigma and treatment beliefs via neurobiological-psychosocial beliefs. METHODS A quota sample of 2058 U.S.-based Latinx residents ages 13-86 with diverse language/cultural media preferences was recruited to self-complete a survey about mental health information acquisition in 2021. Assessments ascertained frequency of Spanish/Latinx and English media use and mental health content scanning and seeking (α = 0.86-0.94); and items from the General Social Survey about mental illness neurobiological-psychosocial causal beliefs (α = 0.72)-genetics, brain chemistry, environment, stress; treatment beliefs-mental illness improves with treatment or on its own; and stigma beliefs-violent/dangerous and bad character stereotypes and unwillingness to socialize with a person with mental illness. Structural equation models estimated total, direct, and indirect effects of Spanish/Latinx and English media exposures on treatment and stigma beliefs via neurobiological-psychosocial beliefs, net individual/family factors. RESULTS Spanish/Latinx media reduced, while English media increased, neurobiological-psychosocial beliefs (p < 0.01). Neurobiological-psychosocial beliefs, in turn, increased treatment and stigma beliefs (p < 0.01), simultaneously. Indirect pathways were also significant (p < 0.05). Proportion mediated on treatment beliefs was one-third for Spanish/Latinx and two-thirds for English media. Proportion mediated on stigma beliefs for all media exposures averaged ≥1. CONCLUSIONS While consumers of Spanish/Latinx media report lower neurobiological-psychosocial knowledge that impedes treatment beliefs, consumers of English media report greater neurobiological-psychosocial and treatment knowledge and, consequently, more stigma. Innovation in public mental health communication is needed to counter stigma and health inequity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J DuPont-Reyes
- Departments of Sociomedical Sciences and Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Alice P Villatoro
- Department of Public Health, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, United States
| | - Lu Tang
- Department of Communication and Journalism, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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Graham M, Morgan A, Paton E, Ross A. Examining the quality of news media reporting of complex mental illness in relation to violent crime in Australia. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2023; 69:2110-2120. [PMID: 37644701 PMCID: PMC10685681 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231194481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE News reporting on mental illness can perpetuate stigma. An understanding of the current picture of such reporting is important to identify areas for improvement. This study investigated the quality of Australian news media coverage of complex mental illness in the context of crime and violence over a 2-year period, prior to the release of new media guidelines. METHODS This research utilised a systematic search of Australian news articles that were published between July 2018 and July 2020 and reported on mental illness in relation to violent crime. Researchers developed a Mental Illness and Crime Reporting Quality Framework to determine quality scores for news articles according to 11 relevant factors in media guidelines. An additional 11 characteristics of articles were extracted for further descriptive analysis. RESULTS One-hundred and twenty-eight Australian news articles met inclusion criteria. The average quality score was 50 (SD = 13.91) out of a possible maximum score of 100 (range 11-78). Strengths and weaknesses were identified as some criteria were consistently met, and other criteria were met rarely or not at all. There were emerging trends between quality scores and article characteristics, including publication source, though these analyses were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that Australian news coverage of complex mental illness and violent crime met half of the criteria of reporting guidelines that minimises risk of perpetuating or reinforcing stigma. This demonstrates significant opportunity to improve the overall quality of media reporting on crime and mental illness. Future research should evaluate the impact of the guidelines on the quality of news reporting after their implementation by utilising a similar methodology, using these findings as a baseline measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Graham
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy Morgan
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Paton
- Everymind, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- School of Humanities, Creative Industries and Social Sciences, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Anna Ross
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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DuPont‐Reyes MJ, Villatoro A, Gama G, Tang L. Measuring media-related health and mental health information acquisition among Latino adults in the United States. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2023; 32:e1967. [PMID: 36978265 PMCID: PMC10698806 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We developed and evaluated new media-related health information acquisition measures for U.S.-based Latino populations. METHODS In 2021, a sample of U.S.-based Latino adults (N = 1574) self-completed a 20-min survey of health information acquisition measures across three language/cultural dimensions: Spanish media, Latino-tailored media in English, and general media in English. Socio-demographics were also ascertained. Means and standard deviations for the health acquisition measures were adjusted for age and sex and reported across nativity status. RESULTS The sample was diverse across age, gender, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, migration, and language competency. Internal consistency reliability of developed scales was excellent overall and within age, gender, race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic subgroups (Cronbach's alphas = 0.86-0.94). English media scales had higher means overall indicating higher prolonged quantity (i.e., dosage) than Spanish media scales. In contrast, standard deviations for Spanish media scales were higher overall indicating broader reach at lower doses than English media scales. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest English-language media is popular among Latino populations overall. However, Spanish-language media retains broad reach through both passive and active exposure. Our findings demonstrate the value of including more nuanced measurement of health information acquisition such as the scales developed in this study to improve health promotion among Latino populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J. DuPont‐Reyes
- Departments of Sociomedical Sciences and EpidemiologyColumbia University Mailman School of Public HealthNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Alice Villatoro
- Department of Public HealthSanta Clara UniversitySanta ClaraCaliforniaUSA
| | - Giovanni Gama
- School of Public HealthTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Lu Tang
- Department of Communication and JournalismTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
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Manescu EA, Henderson C, Paroiu CR, Mihai A. Mental health related stigma in Romania: systematic review and narrative synthesis. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:662. [PMID: 37684591 PMCID: PMC10486137 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05147-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stigma related to mental illness is increasingly and more effectively addressed. Although more research is being conducted, there is relatively little from low and middle-income countries, with former Soviet bloc countries identified as a particular contributor to this evidence gap. Romania struggles with mental health stigma at many levels. The aim of this review was to bring together all relevant data regarding stigma and discrimination related to mental illness as well as actions to address these problems in Romania in order to prioritise further stigma research and identify priority targets for stigma reduction. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in three online databases and grey literature. After the analysis of full manuscripts, four were excluded based on lack of relevance or incomplete data reporting. Quality assessment was performed for included studies using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) and the narrative was synthesized based on the research questions. RESULTS The review included fifteen studies, the majority having a cross-sectional design. Stigma related to mental illness in Romania, has an impact on help-seeking attitudes and behaviours, workplace environment and social relationships of people with mental health problems. Negative stereotypes are maintained and validated by mass media reports. Significant stigma in healthcare and mental care settings has also been observed. Self-stigma was less frequently reported than public stigma. Despite a few stigma reduction actions, no rigorous evaluation of content, delivery and effectiveness has been conducted and no empirical evidence has been published. CONCLUSIONS Based on this review, three lines of action are recommended in Romania. Increase research concerning stigma in healthcare and mental care settings and use behavioural outcomes. Develop and deliver evidence-based tailored interventions to reduce stigma in identified priority subgroups of the population and ensure rigorous evaluation and scientific dissemination. Elaborate guidelines for working with community stigma and advocate for structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Manescu
- Department of Psychiatry, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Tirgu-Mures, Romania.
| | - Claire Henderson
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ciprian R Paroiu
- Department of Psychiatry, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| | - Adriana Mihai
- Department of Psychiatry, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Tirgu-Mures, Romania
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Godfrey E, Gavin C, Haskins E, O’Meara Á, O’Connor K, Donohoe G. An evaluation of journalistic reporting on schizophrenia in the Irish news media. Ir J Psychol Med 2023:1-5. [DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2023.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives:
Schizophrenia represents one of the most stigmatised of mental disorders. Despite public awareness campaigns to raise awareness and increase understanding of mental health disorders, schizophrenia continues to be poorly understood. In this context, this study aims to provide a descriptive analysis of reporting on schizophrenia in the Irish online print news media.
Methods:
Online printed news articles which made reference to schizophrenia or related terms in 2021, the latest year for which full date was available, were collected. A list of criteria considered good reporting practise on mental illness in the media was curated. Additionally, a scale was developed based on these criteria to assign a valence to each article in terms of characteristics that were either stigma reinforcing or stigma challenging.
Results:
A total of 656 articles were included in the analysis. A majority of articles were found to avoid stigma reinforcing criteria (e.g. use of pejorative language). By contrast, few characteristics considered stigma challenging criteria were being endorsed (e.g. inclusion of a first person account). Overall sample valences show good reporting practises, but also suggested targets for improvement.
Conclusions:
While Irish online print news reports on schizophrenia and related illnesses avoid many stigmatising characteristics, many opportunities to challenge stigma remain.
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Holmberg C. Schizophrenia in Print, Digital, and Audiovisual Media: Trends, Topics, and Results From an Anti-Stigma Intervention Targeting Media Professionals. SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN OPEN 2023; 4:sgad018. [PMID: 39145329 PMCID: PMC11207655 DOI: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgad018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Negative portrayals of schizophrenia in media can prompt the condition's stigmatization. However, because research on language stigmatizing schizophrenia has focused on paper-based media, its results have limited generalizability to contemporary media. Also, research on interventions to guide media professionals in accurately depicting schizophrenia has been scarce. The present study had two aims: (1) to assess how print, web, and radio/TV news media in Sweden portray schizophrenia and (2) to evaluate a campaign targeting media professionals' responses to information about schizophrenia and the consequences of stigmatizing language. Study Design Using data from Retriever's database, considering media types and topics, the terms "schizophrenia" and "schizophrenic" were examined in the past 20 years, whereas analyses of stigmatizing reporting of these terms used media from the past 10 years. Media professionals' responses and actions in the anti-stigma information campaign StigmaWatch were also evaluated. Study Results Between 2002 and 2022, "schizophrenia" was mentioned 34 141 times in the dataset and "schizophrenic" 10 058 times. However, no trends were statistically significant. All media topics and most types of media contained stigmatizing reporting. Of the 230 media professionals who received informative emails from StigmaWatch, 77 (33%) responded. Most responses were supportive, and 14% of the professionals reported taking corrective measures (eg, revising erroneous descriptions of schizophrenia) following the email. Conclusions No media topic was free of language stigmatizing schizophrenia. The anti-stigma information campaign seemed to have been effective, for most media professionals who responded were supportive, and a sizable proportion reported taking corrective measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Holmberg
- Department of Psychotic Disorders, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Thornicroft G, Sunkel C, Alikhon Aliev A, Baker S, Brohan E, El Chammay R, Davies K, Demissie M, Duncan J, Fekadu W, Gronholm PC, Guerrero Z, Gurung D, Habtamu K, Hanlon C, Heim E, Henderson C, Hijazi Z, Hoffman C, Hosny N, Huang FX, Kline S, Kohrt BA, Lempp H, Li J, London E, Ma N, Mak WWS, Makhmud A, Maulik PK, Milenova M, Morales Cano G, Ouali U, Parry S, Rangaswamy T, Rüsch N, Sabri T, Sartorius N, Schulze M, Stuart H, Taylor Salisbury T, Vera San Juan N, Votruba N, Winkler P. The Lancet Commission on ending stigma and discrimination in mental health. Lancet 2022; 400:1438-1480. [PMID: 36223799 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01470-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Graham Thornicroft
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London UK; Centre for Implementation Science, King's College London, London UK.
| | | | - Akmal Alikhon Aliev
- National Institute of Mental Health (Czechia), WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Mental Health Research and Service Development, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Sue Baker
- Mind international, London, UK; Changing Minds Globally, London, UK
| | - Elaine Brohan
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London UK
| | | | - Kelly Davies
- Centre for Implementation Science, King's College London, London UK
| | - Mekdes Demissie
- College of Health Sciences and Medicine, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Haramaya University, Ethiopia; Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Studies for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
| | | | - Wubalem Fekadu
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Petra C Gronholm
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London UK; Centre for Implementation Science, King's College London, London UK
| | - Zoe Guerrero
- National Institute of Mental Health (Czechia), WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Mental Health Research and Service Development, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Dristy Gurung
- Centre for Implementation Science, King's College London, London UK; Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO), Kathmandu Nepal
| | - Kassahun Habtamu
- Addis Ababa University, School of Psychology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Charlotte Hanlon
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London UK; WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Research and Training, King's College London, London UK; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Eva Heim
- Institut de Psychologie, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claire Henderson
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London UK
| | | | | | - Nadine Hosny
- Institut de Psychologie, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Brandon A Kohrt
- Division of Global Mental Health, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Heidi Lempp
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, and Academic Department of Rheumatology, King's College London, London UK
| | - Jie Li
- Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Ning Ma
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Winnie W S Mak
- Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Akerke Makhmud
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London UK; Centre for Implementation Science, King's College London, London UK
| | - Pallab K Maulik
- George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria Milenova
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London UK; Centre for Implementation Science, King's College London, London UK
| | | | - Uta Ouali
- Razi Hospital and El Manar Medical School, University of Tunis, La Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Sarah Parry
- South London and the Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Nicolas Rüsch
- Department of Psychiatry II, Ulm University and BKH Günzburg, Ulm, Germany; Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg, Günzburg, Germany
| | - Taha Sabri
- Taskeen Health Initiative, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Norman Sartorius
- Association for the Improvement of Mental health Programs, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Tatiana Taylor Salisbury
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London UK
| | - Norha Vera San Juan
- Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London UK
| | - Nicole Votruba
- and Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Petr Winkler
- National Institute of Mental Health (Czechia), WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Mental Health Research and Service Development, Klecany, Czechia
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Sreeram A, Cross WM, Townsin L. Anti-stigma initiatives for mental health professionals-A systematic literature review. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2022; 29:512-528. [PMID: 35500153 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Negative attitudes towards mental illness lead to the formation of stigma. Stigma prevents the recovery of people diagnosed with mental illness. There is evidence of stigmatic attitudes towards mental ill health among mental health professionals. Anti-stigma initiatives, such as education and training, may be effective in enhancing or maintaining positive attitudes towards mental illness among mental health professionals. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: Education and training that is designed and delivered around a specific mental health diagnosis or condition appears an appropriate strategy that could benefit mental health professionals to develop a deeper appreciation and understanding of mental ill health and its impacts on individuals. Consumer involvement in the education and training of mental health professionals regarding the stigma of mental illness is recommended; however, this is an under-explored area of investigation. There is a weak evidence base regarding the long-term sustainability of effects from anti-stigma education and training. This should be addressed via further research in future. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICES?: Anti-stigma initiatives can support mental health professionals to develop stigma-free, recovery-oriented practices in their work. Further, such initiatives can improve the provision of evidence-based quality care for the consumers, facilitating their recovery. ABSTRACT: Introduction Despite an increasing focus on stigma, evidence shows prejudicial attitudes towards mental illness among mental health professionals still exist. It is suggested that anti-stigma initiatives can aid in enhancing the attitudes of mental health professionals. However, research on initiatives targeting stigma of mental illness among mental health professionals is limited. Aim To identify and analyse scientific literature pertaining to the effectiveness of anti-stigma initiatives regarding mental ill health among mental health professionals. Method A systematic literature review was performed using the databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Google Search engine and Google Scholar. The papers were limited to English language, published in peer-reviewed journals with full-text articles available and published between the years 2008 and 2020 to understand the most recent trends in the attitudes of mental health professionals including nurses. The Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome (PICO) strategy was used to identify papers meeting the inclusion criteria. Results A total of 439 papers were identified. However, papers not meeting the inclusion criteria were excluded from selection. Three appraisers reviewed the selected papers individually using the Joanna Briggs Institute [JBI] critical appraisal tool. Finally, eight unanimously accepted papers were included in the systematic review. Several effective anti-stigma initiatives were identified through the review, and these had positive impacts on mental health professionals' attitudes towards mental illness, for at least a short period. It was identified that contact-based interventions are relevant and effective although the involvement of consumers and caregivers in the design and delivery of interventions was not explicitly addressed in detail in studies included in the review. Education strategies tailored for specific mental illness may be more appropriate, rather than approaches that refer to mental illness in general. Conclusions This review shows the evidence of pessimistic attitudes towards mental illness persists among mental health professionals. Anti-stigma initiatives identified in the selected papers were effective in changing these attitudes. Future research should be focused on the effectiveness of contact-based interventions and understanding the longer-term effects of the interventions among homogeneous groups. Full consideration of the varying level of clinical experience and expertise in mental health should guide the development and implementation of anti-stigma initiatives in this context. Implications for practice Anti-stigma interventions can have a positive impact on mental health professionals' knowledge, attitudes and supportive caring for people diagnosed with mental illness. Such anti-stigma interventions may meaningfully support stakeholders to address the impact of negative attitudes on the physical and mental health status of people diagnosed with mental illness. With sustained leadership, effort and reinforcement, it is possible to create workplace cultures that prioritize stigma-free and recovery-oriented behaviours and practices within mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Sreeram
- Federation University, Berwick Campus, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Wendy M Cross
- Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Vic., Australia
| | - Louise Townsin
- Federation University, Berwick Campus, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Torrens University, Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Stelzmann D, Jahnke S, Kuhle LF. Media Coverage of Pedophilia and Its Impact on Help-Seeking Persons with Pedophilia in Germany-A Focus Group Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9356. [PMID: 35954714 PMCID: PMC9368625 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The public stigma associated with pedophilia, the sexual attraction to prepubescent children, is tremendous. Previous research indicates that undifferentiated media coverage plays an essential role in perpetuating the public stigma by falsely equating pedophilia and child sexual abuse (CSA) and thus may stop persons suffering from a pedophilic disorder from seeking professional help. Until now, a comprehensive examination of positive as well as negative media effects on affected individuals is missing. Therefore, the present study explores if and how media coverage impacts the lives of help-seeking persons with pedophilia by conducting four qualitative focus group discussions with a clinical sample (N = 20) from the German Prevention Network "Kein Täter werden". Present results demonstrate that media coverage of pedophilia was perceived as mostly undifferentiated, even though participants observed an increase in fact-based reporting over the years. Moreover, it seems that media coverage has strong emotional and behavioral consequences for patients (e.g., negative reporting reduced self-esteem). In sum, our results highlight that differentiated media coverage could play a key role in supporting help-seeking persons with pedophilic disorder, while the impact of undifferentiated media coverage appears to be mostly negative. Therefore, our results point to the need to reframe pedophilia using differentiated media coverage to help affected persons receive treatment efficiently and thereby prevent CSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Stelzmann
- Institute of Sexology and Sexual Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Computer Science, Freie Universität Berlin, 12165 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sara Jahnke
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, 5003 Bergen, Norway
| | - Laura F Kuhle
- Institute of Sexology and Sexual Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Efforts that destigmatize mental health, especially media campaigns, have not fully penetrated Latinx and Spanish-language media and have not reached consumers. This lack of reach conceivably contributes to high stigma and low use of mental health care services among young, diverse, and growing Latinx populations. Latinx and Spanish-language media have been historically excluded from media-related research examining stigmatizing content and help-seeking resources. Moreover, Latinx populations are rarely included in antistigma efficacy trials. Such exclusion has plausibly restricted mental health service utilization for Latinx communities, thereby perpetuating mental health inequities. Addressing these inequities can help support effective future antistigma efforts that leverage Latinx and Spanish-language mass media to rapidly reach Latinx audiences and narrow treatment gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J DuPont-Reyes
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. Roberto Lewis-Fernández, M.D., and Jessica Isom, M.D., M.P.H., are editors of this column
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Ned LY, Chinyamurindi WT, Bantjes J. Content analysis of reports of student suicide deaths in South African print medium newspapers. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC MENTAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/jpmh-10-2021-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The aim was to assess the quality of newspaper reporting of university student suicides in South Africa, using the World Health Organisation guidelines. Suicide among university students is a growing public health problem. The media has an important role to play in preventing student suicides by adhering to international best practice guidelines on ethical reporting of suicides.
Design/methodology/approach
This study conducted a content analysis of print medium newspaper articles in the 13 most widely read English language South African newspapers from the period of January 2017 to January 2020.
Findings
The initial search yielded a total of 28 news reports, of which 19 met this study’s inclusion criteria and were analysed using content analysis. The quality of reporting showed both potentially harmful and helpful characteristics. Poor adherence to international reporting guidelines were found in the description of method and location of suicide, sensational headlines, publishing photos of the deceased, linking suicide to criminality, simplistic narration of the life events leading to the suicide and use of sensational and potentially triggering language. No reports adhered to all reporting guidelines. Findings suggests that there are widespread potentially unhelpful practices in the reporting of student suicides and a need for suicide prevention experts to work with journalists to promote critical reflexivity and ethical reasoning when writing about student suicides.
Research limitations/implications
This study only included news reports published in English in the most widely read newspapers.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study of its kind to systematically examine media reporting on suicide in South Africa.
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Burns S, Tapsell A, Perlman D, Patterson C, Moxham L. Stigma in the media: Investigating journalism students attitudes towards mental illness. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2022; 31:104-110. [PMID: 34628715 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Given the profound role that media play in public opinion, there exists an ongoing necessity to understand the portrayal of mental illness by journalists. There is a plethora of studies that have examined how mental illness is portrayed in the media, but few studies have sought to understand what journalist opinions about mental illness are, and none could be found regarding journalism students' opinions. This study aimed to bridge this gap by examining journalism student's attitudes towards mental illness using the Social Distance Scale (SDS). This study adheres to STROBE guidelines for cross-sectional studies. One hundred and seventy-two undergraduate journalism students (n = 172) completed the SDS with findings suggesting that students had moderate stigmatizing attitudes, with varying degrees of stigma present depending on the social context. Positively framed reporting and constructive media coverage surrounding mental illness may be improved by shared communication and education with health professionals who specialize in mental health: mental health nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Burns
- School of the Arts, English & Media, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amy Tapsell
- Public Health Unit, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dana Perlman
- School of Education, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher Patterson
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lorna Moxham
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, IHMRI, AHSRI, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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‘You Owe It to Yourself, Everyone You Love and to Our Beleaguered NHS to Get Yourself Fit and Well’: Weight Stigma in the British Media during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Thematic Analysis. SOCIAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci10120478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The portrayal of obesity in the media can impact public health by guiding peoples’ behaviours and furthering stigma. Individual responsibility for body weight along with negative portrayals of obesity have frequently dominated UK media discourses on obesity. This study aims to explore how the media has represented obesity during the COVID-19 pandemic through a thematic analysis of 95 UK online newspaper articles published in The Sun, The Mail Online, and The Guardian. The first theme, lifestyle recommendations, accounts for media coverage providing ‘expert’ advice on losing weight. The second theme, individual responsibility, emphasises media appeals to self-governance to tackle obesity and protect the NHS during the pandemic. The third theme, actors of change, explores how celebrities and politicians are presented as examples of weight management. These results suggest that individuals are held responsible for their weight and accountable for protecting the NHS during the COVID-19 pandemic. Stigma can be furthered by the decontextualisation of lifestyle recommendations and exacerbated by the actors of change presented: Celebrity profiles reveal gendered goals for weight management, and politicians exemplify self-governance, which consolidates their power. In conclusion, individualising and stigmatising discourses around obesity have taken new forms during the pandemic that link health responsibility to protecting the NHS and invokes celebrities and politicians to foster action.
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El Hayek S, Cherro M, El Alayli A, El Hayek R, Ghossoub E. Stigma Towards Mental Illness at an Academic Tertiary Care Center in Lebanon. ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2021; 45:725-732. [PMID: 34286455 PMCID: PMC8294272 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-021-01511-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Individuals with mental illness may fall victim to stigma. In this cross-sectional study, the authors aimed to explore correlates of stigma towards mental health in a Lebanese private university and its associated tertiary medical center. METHODS The authors surveyed students, staff, and faculty at the American University of Beirut and its associated medical center. They assessed stigmatizing behaviors via the Reported and Intended Behavior Scale (RIBS), perceived stigma via the Perceived Devaluation and Discrimination Scale (PDDS), and attitudes towards collaborating with mental health professionals via the Doctors' Attitudes toward Collaborative Care for Mental Health (DACC-MH). RESULTS A total of 270 participants (response rate of 18%) provided their responses. The mean scores on the RIBS and PDDS were 15.26 ± 4.75 and 32.25 ± 2.70, respectively. Participants who had higher scores on RIBS were more likely to be younger than 25 years of age (OR=1.869; p=0.026), to have a history of mental illness (OR=2.657; p=0.003), and to interact with individuals with a psychiatric disorder (OR=2.287; p=0.028). CONCLUSIONS Results show a mixed pattern of stigmatizing behaviors and perceptions towards mental illness. This highlights the need for mental health awareness campaigns and interventions in the country.
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Hidalgo-Padilla L, Rozas Urrunaga L, Busse P, Diez-Canseco F. Representaciones de la salud mental en dos diarios de circulación nacional en Perú. Glob Health Promot 2021. [PMID: 34726094 DOI: 10.1177/17579759211052200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
ANTECEDENTES Los medios de comunicación son una de las fuentes que modelan las representaciones de la salud mental. Sólo un estudio previo realizado en Perú ha analizado las noticias sobre la salud mental en los medios de comunicación. OBJETIVO describir cómo se representa la salud mental en la prensa escrita de alcance nacional en el Perú. MÉTODO se utilizó la técnica de análisis de contenido. Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos a partir de una lista de términos relacionados con salud mental en 30 ediciones de dos diarios de circulación nacional del año 2016. Se identificaron 351 artículos, de los cuales se extrajo información sobre los términos de salud mental utilizados, el nivel de contenido de salud mental, la presencia de fuentes citadas, la inclusión de personajes y la valoración atribuida a estos. RESULTADOS 271 artículos (77.21%) contenían términos referidos a salud mental, pero sin ser desarrollados, 51 (14.53%) abordaban la salud mental de manera parcial, y solo 29 (8.26%) lo hacían como tema principal. Entre los 80 artículos que abordaban la salud mental de manera parcial o principal, solo 32 (40%) citaban fuentes. Finalmente, de los 59 artículos que hacían referencia a personajes, 29 (49.15%) los describían de manera negativa. CONCLUSIONES la prensa escrita suele utilizar términos de salud mental, pero sin desarrollar el tema en profundidad. El uso de fuentes es infrecuente y no se cita a personas con afecciones de salud mental. Al describirlas, se destaca su inestabilidad y peligrosidad. Estos hallazgos sugieren que la prensa escrita podría contribuir al fortalecimiento del estigma relacionado con la salud mental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Hidalgo-Padilla
- CRONICAS Centro de Excelencia en Enfermedades Crónicas, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Lucila Rozas Urrunaga
- Universidad de Lima, Instituto de Investigación Científica, Grupo de Investigación en Comunicación y Salud, Lima, Perú
| | - Peter Busse
- Universidad de Lima, Instituto de Investigación Científica, Grupo de Investigación en Comunicación y Salud, Carrera de Comunicación, Lima, Perú
| | - Francisco Diez-Canseco
- CRONICAS Centro de Excelencia en Enfermedades Crónicas, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
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What Is the Role of Resilience and Coping Strategies on the Mental Health of the General Population during the COVID-19 Pandemic? Results from the Italian Multicentric COMET Study. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091231. [PMID: 34573251 PMCID: PMC8466446 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health are now well documented, however, few studies have been focused on the role of coping strategies and resilience in counterbalancing these detrimental effects. Data are derived from the COvid Mental hEalth Trial (COMET), a national multicentric trial carried out in the Italian general population. The final sample consisted of 20,720 participants, 53.1% (n = 11,000) of the sample reported low levels of resilience. Adaptive coping strategies and resilience levels did not have any significant protective impact on the levels of depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms. Only self-distraction was a risk factor for poor mental health (Beta Coefficient, B = 0.1, 95% Confidence Interval, CI: 0.003 to 0.267 for stress symptoms; B = 0.2; 95% CI: 0.077 to 0.324 for anxiety symptoms and B = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.105 to 0.382 for depressive symptoms). High levels of resilience were predicted by adaptive coping strategies, such as acceptance (B = 1.8, CI 95% = 1.4–2.7). Exposure to the different weeks of lockdown, being infected by COVID-19, and being a healthcare professional did not influence the levels of resilience. Our findings should be carefully considered, since the low levels of resilience may represent the missing link between the pandemic and the current increase in mental health problems.
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Lohiniva AL, Dub T, Hagberg L, Nohynek H. Learning about COVID-19-related stigma, quarantine and isolation experiences in Finland. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247962. [PMID: 33852581 PMCID: PMC8046198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has intensely changed the everyday lives of people worldwide. This study explores the forms and outcomes of coronavirus and COVID-19-related social stigma and the experiences of people who were home quarantined or isolated in Finland during the spring 2020. The findings of this study can be used to improve support for those quarantined or isolated and to develop strategies to reduce the stigma associated with coronavirus and COVID-19. METHODS The study is based on qualitative one-to-one interviews with households with at least two members and at least one PCR confirmed COVID-19 case. Recruitment took place via website or SMS messages sent to PCR confirmed cases in the capital area of Helsinki. Sampling was based on maximum variation to acquire different types of respondents. The framework of health stigma was used to develop question guides and analyze stigma. Quarantine and isolation experiences were explored through open-ended questions. The analysis was based on thematic analysis. RESULTS The study included 64 participants from 24 households. Perceived stigma among respondents was driven by fear and blame for infection, and it manifested in various ways leading to a reluctance to disclose their coronavirus status to others. Self-stigma developed from conflicting information and advice about coronavirus and COVID-19 led to difficulties interacting with others outside of the house and reluctance to meet people after quarantine and isolation. Quarantine and isolation experiences included uncertainty, health concerns, and boredom. Communication with others in similar situations was perceived vital, whereas discussions with family members about worries and fears related to coronavirus and COVID-19 was not preferred. CONCLUSIONS This study shed light on the lives of those quarantined or isolated at home and provided a set of operational recommendations to minimize coronavirus and COVID-19-associated stigma and to reduce challenges faced by those in quarantine or isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothee Dub
- The Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lotta Hagberg
- The Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Nohynek
- The Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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19
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychiatrists are susceptible intermittently to use dehumanising terms in their clinical practice, which arguably harm patients and their families. Our goal is to shed light on this unwelcome phenomenon and to develop the means to combat it. METHOD We have examined journal articles, books on the history of psychiatry, and educational material devised for psychiatric patients, for evidence of what we have called 'pathogenic language'. We have also sought colleagues' reflections on the subject. RESULTS We have identified several terms that are ostensibly pathogenic, tried to illuminate their intrinsic features and devised guidelines to stem their use. CONCLUSIONS Psychiatrists have the potential to harm patients and their families by using pathogenic language when communicating with them. We conclude that meticulous attention to this risk, coupled with appropriate ethically based and educational strategies, can contribute to the eradication of pathogenic language and prevent its recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney Bloch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nick Haslam
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia
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20
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Walsh DAB, Foster JLH. A Call to Action. A Critical Review of Mental Health Related Anti-stigma Campaigns. Front Public Health 2021; 8:569539. [PMID: 33490010 PMCID: PMC7820374 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.569539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a knowledge-attitudes-behavior practice (KABP) paradigm, professionals have focused on educating the public in biomedical explanations of mental illness. Especially in high-income countries, it is now common for education-based campaigns to also include some form of social contact and to be tailored to key groups. However, and despite over 20 years of high-profile national campaigns (e.g., Time to Change in England; Beyond Blue in Australia), examinations suggest that the public continue to Other those with experiences of mental ill-health. Furthermore, evaluations of anti-stigma programs are found to have weak- to no significant long-term effects, and serious concerns have been raised over their possible unintended consequences. Accordingly, this article critically re-engages with the literature. We evidence that there have been systematic issues in problem conceptualization. Namely, the KABP paradigm does not respond to the multiple forms of knowledge embodied in every life, often outside conscious awareness. Furthermore, we highlight how a singular focus on addressing the public's perceived deficits in professionalized forms of knowledge has sustained public practices which divide between "us" and "them." In addition, we show that practitioners have not fully appreciated the social processes which Other individuals with experiences of mental illness, nor how these processes motivate the public to maintain distance from those perceived to embody this devalued form of social identity. Lastly, we suggest methodological tools which would allow public health professionals to fully explore these identity-related social processes. Whilst some readers may be frustrated by the lack of clear solutions provided in this paper, given the serious unintended consequences of anti-stigma campaigns, we caution against making simplified statements on how to correct public health campaigns. Instead, this review should be seen as a call to action. We hope that by fully exploring these processes, we can develop new interventions rooted in the ways the public make sense of mental health and illness.
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21
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Zolezzi M, Elshami S, Obaidi W. An Exploratory Analysis of the Portrayal of Mental Illness in Qatar's Newspapers. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2020; 13:1323-1332. [PMID: 33402852 PMCID: PMC7778677 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s280360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concerns have been raised about the role of the media influencing the public's understanding of mental illness. AIM This study explored the extent and nature of mental health coverage in Qatar's newspapers. A secondary aim was to compare the mental health-related coverage with that of diabetes. METHODS This was a retrospective quantitative and qualitative analysis of textual data published in Qatari newspapers. Quantitative descriptive analysis was employed to determine the extent of media coverage while qualitative content analysis was employed to examine the discourse tone and assess the stigmatization of the main messages on the text. RESULTS A total of 659 mental health-related articles were published; the main focus of the articles was on autism, depression, and non-pharmacological therapies for mental illness. Analysis of the retrieved articles revealed a predominantly informative content, with mostly non-stigmatizing tone except for non-national news that often linked mental illness with dangerousness or violence. A higher number of articles with mental health-related content than about diabetes were found. CONCLUSION Although the newspaper content analysis revealed mostly a non-stigmatizing tone in mental health reporting in newspapers, there is a need to increase representation of people with mental illness in print media, increase awareness of the diversity of treatments available, and increase more scientific reporting to raise mental health literacy in Qatar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Zolezzi
- Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara Elshami
- Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Warda Obaidi
- Pharmacy Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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22
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Sampogna G, Gehlen L, Giallonardo V, Robinson EJ, Thornicroft G, Henderson C. Mental health service users' responses to anticipated discrimination and the Time to Change program in England. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 64:e5. [PMID: 33342457 PMCID: PMC8057446 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Responses to anticipateddiscrimination are common among mental health service users and can have adetrimental impact on their recovery. Since 2009, the Time to Change (TTC)anti-stigma program in England has aimed to improve service users’ empowerment,reducing public stigma and discrimination. In this paper, we aim to evaluatewhether service users’ awareness of TTC is associated with fewer responses toanticipated discrimination. Methods We used data collected for the evaluation of TTC from samples of mental health service users interviewed by telephone in annual surveys 2009-2014. Results Five thousand and nine hundredand twenty-three participants completed the survey, mainly suffering from mooddisorders (depression, 28.4%, n = 1,681) and schizophrenia related disorders(15.4%, n = 915). In 23.2% of cases,participants were aware of any aspects of the TTC program, while participationin TTC was reported by 2.6%. Being aware of the TTC program was notsignificantly associated with responses to anticipated discrimination, exceptfor those participating in the TTC campaign in 2013. Stopping oneself fromapplying for work was significantly associated with experienced discriminationin both finding (p < 0.001) and keeping (p < 0.001) a job.Concealing mental health problems was associated with a general experience ofbeing shunned (p < 0.001). Conclusions Awareness of a nationalanti-stigma program may not be sufficient to encourage people to seek work/educationor to be open about their illness in situations in which they currentlyanticipate discrimination. There is the need to identify new multi-levelstrategies for challenging anticipated discrimination, even focusing ondifferent target groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli,"Naples, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Giallonardo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli,"Naples, Italy
| | - Emily J Robinson
- Biostatistics & Health Informatics Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Thornicroft
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Henderson
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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23
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Sumnall HR, Hamilton I, Atkinson AM, Montgomery C, Gage SH. Representation of adverse childhood experiences is associated with lower public stigma towards people who use drugs: an exploratory experimental study. DRUGS-EDUCATION PREVENTION AND POLICY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2020.1820450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Harry R. Sumnall
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ian Hamilton
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Amanda M. Atkinson
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Suzanne H. Gage
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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DuPont-Reyes MJ, Villatoro AP, Phelan JC, Painter K, Link BG. Media language preferences and mental illness stigma among Latinx adolescents. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2020; 55:929-939. [PMID: 31642967 PMCID: PMC7702296 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-019-01792-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Media-a powerful influence on mental illness stigma-varies by language and culture. Nevertheless, recent meta-analyses have demonstrated scant attention to Spanish language media as well as historically low Latinx participation in mental illness anti-stigma intervention. To better inform how to improve equity in mental health service utilization, this study assessed how language preferences in mass media influence stigma among Latinx adolescents, compared to family language and social preferences. METHODS Sixth-graders self-identifying as Latinx self-completed assessments of mental illness knowledge/positive attitudes and desired separation from peers and adolescent vignette characters experiencing mental illness (N = 179; Texas, U.S., 2011-2012). Participants also responded to measures of language preferences (any Spanish versus only English) for consuming media (film/television, music/radio) and speaking with family (parents/grandparents), and social preferences for parties or social gatherings (Latinx versus Anglo persons). Linear regression models adjusting for student and household factors examined the associations between media and family language and social preferences on mental illness stigma. RESULTS Latinx adolescents preferring any Spanish versus English-only media reported less mental illness knowledge/positive attitudes and greater social separation from peers and vignette characters with a mental illness, net of all covariates. Family language and social preferences were not associated with any mental illness stigma outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Spanish media preference is associated with greater stigma suggesting more stigmatization may exist in Spanish- versus English-media. Ensuring anti-stigma messaging in Spanish media may reduce disparities in mental illness stigma among Latinx adolescents. These findings have implications for populations with other non-English media preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J DuPont-Reyes
- School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, 212 Adriance Lab Road, Suite 217, College Station, TX, 77843-1266, USA.
| | - Alice P Villatoro
- Latino Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - Jo C Phelan
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Kris Painter
- The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, USA
| | - Bruce G Link
- School of Public Policy, University of California, Riverside, USA
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25
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Chandran S, Sreedaran P, Pradeep J, Manohari SM, Kuppili P, Kishor M. Using entertainment media to teach undergraduate psychiatry: Perspectives on the need and models of innovation. ARCHIVES OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/amhs.amhs_57_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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26
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Changes in Stigma Experience Among Mental Health Service Users over Time: A Qualitative Study with Focus Groups. Community Ment Health J 2019; 55:1389-1394. [PMID: 31309384 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-019-00442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Public expenditure on mental health education has grown exponentially in the past two decades. A qualitative study using focus groups was used to explore whether the experience of stigma among 22 mental health service users improved over time. We identified five major themes on changes in social stigma, perceived stigma, and stigma coping. Stigmatizing and discriminatory experiences were still common in workplace, healthcare system, and relational aspects but some participants perceived that there were reductions in social stigma. Participants believed that media portrayal and celebrity effect were important in fostering greater acceptance toward people with mental illness and the importance of family support and stigma resistance for minimizing the harmful impacts of stigma. The findings are important in the future design of public educational and stigma reduction programs.
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27
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Ross AM, Morgan AJ, Jorm AF, Reavley NJ. A systematic review of the impact of media reports of severe mental illness on stigma and discrimination, and interventions that aim to mitigate any adverse impact. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2019; 54:11-31. [PMID: 30349962 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-018-1608-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review aims to summarise the evidence on the impact of news media and social media reports of severe mental illness (SMI) on stigma, and interventions that aim to mitigate any adverse impact. METHODS A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted in December 2017 to identify studies that report on the impact of media coverage or media interventions on stigma related to schizophrenia, psychosis, bipolar disorder, or mental illness in general. Data were synthesised narratively. RESULTS 12 studies met inclusion criteria; seven explored the impact of news media on stigma towards SMI or general mental illness, two explored the impact of social media, while three evaluated interventions that aimed to mitigate this impact. These studies showed that positive news reports and social media posts are likely to lead to reductions in stigmatizing attitudes and negative reports and social media posts are likely to increase stigmatizing attitudes. There were a limited number of interventions aiming to mitigate the negative impact of news reports of mental illness on stigma; however, these were ineffective. Interventions with media professionals appear to be successful at reducing their stigmatizing attitudes, but can also act to increase both positive and negative reports in the media. CONCLUSIONS Given the limited research evidence on the impact of news and social media on stigma towards SMI, and on the effectiveness of interventions aiming to mitigate this impact, further studies of higher quality are needed in this area. Due to mixed findings, interventions with media professionals are also an area of research priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Ross
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Amy J Morgan
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony F Jorm
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicola J Reavley
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Pingani L, Sampogna G, Borghi G, Nasi A, Coriani S, Luciano M, Galeazzi GM, Evans-Lacko S, Fiorillo A. How the use of the term "schizo*" has changed in an Italian newspaper from 2001 to 2015: Findings from a descriptive analysis. Psychiatry Res 2018; 270:792-800. [PMID: 30551327 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The study aims to report the number of newspaper articles including the word "schizo" in the period 2001 - 2015 and to identify possible predictors reinforcing negative stereotypes about people with schizophrenia. The electronic archives of the Italian newspaper "La Stampa" have been searched for the term "schizo". Selected articles were grouped in articles related to mental health (rMH) or article not related to mental health (nrMH). 946 articles were identified. Schizophrenia-related terms were used in 356 (36.03%) article rMH, which mainly reinforce negative stereotypes regarding mental illness both in rMH and nrMH groups. Over time, only in the rMH group a significant reduction of articles reinforcing negative stereotypes was found. Several factors have been identified as predictors of article reinforcing negative stereotypes: unnecessarily dramatic or sensational headline or content; inaccurate or not in the correct context use of medical terminology; emphasis to the illness rather than to the person; mental disorders are the same; disclosure of particular individual has a mental illness. Although there has been a significant reduction in stigmatizing articles, in the rMH group one article out of three reinforces negative stereotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pingani
- Human Resources Department, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola, 2, 42121 Reggio Emilia, Italy; Degree Course in Psychiatric Rehabilitation, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola, 2, 42121 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Largo Madonna delle Grazie, 1, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giulia Borghi
- Degree Course in Psychiatric Rehabilitation, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola, 2, 42121 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Nasi
- Health Professionals Department, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola, 2, 42121 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Sandra Coriani
- Health Professionals Department, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola, 2, 42121 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Mario Luciano
- Department of Psychiatry, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Largo Madonna delle Grazie, 1, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Galeazzi
- Institute of Psychiatry, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo, 71, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Sara Evans-Lacko
- Personal Social Services Research Unit, London School of Economics, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Largo Madonna delle Grazie, 1, 80138 Napoli, Italy
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Henderson C, Gronholm PC. Mental Health Related Stigma as a 'Wicked Problem': The Need to Address Stigma and Consider the Consequences. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1158. [PMID: 29865225 PMCID: PMC6024896 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent reviews on the evidence base for mental health related stigma reduction show that under certain conditions interpersonal contact is effective in promoting more positive attitudes, reduced desire for social distance, and increased stigma related knowledge (knowledge which disconfirms beliefs based on stereotypes). Short-term interventions may have effects that are attenuated over time; longer term programmes may support sustained improvements, but research following up long-term interventions is scarce. However, the effectiveness of these interventions should not obscure the nature of stigma as a social problem. In this article we describe stigma as a 'wicked problem' to highlight some implications for intervening against stigma and evaluating these efforts. These include the risks of unintended consequences and the need to continually reformulate the concept of stigma, to ensure that tackling stigma at the structural, interpersonal, and intrapersonal levels become part of the core business of stakeholder organisations. We compare the main targets of anti-stigma programmes with what is known about the sources of stigma and discrimination and their impacts to identify targets for future intervention. In some cases, interventions have been directed at the interpersonal level when structural level intervention is also needed; in others, systematic reviews have not so far identified any interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Henderson
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Petra C Gronholm
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
- Personal Social Services Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, UK.
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Detecting depression stigma on social media: A linguistic analysis. J Affect Disord 2018; 232:358-362. [PMID: 29510353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficient detection of depression stigma in mass media is important for designing effective stigma reduction strategies. Using linguistic analysis methods, this paper aims to build computational models for detecting stigma expressions in Chinese social media posts (Sina Weibo). METHODS A total of 15,879 Weibo posts with keywords were collected and analyzed. First, a content analysis was conducted on all 15,879 posts to determine whether each of them reflected depression stigma or not. Second, using four algorithms (Simple Logistic Regression, Multilayer Perceptron Neural Networks, Support Vector Machine, and Random Forest), two groups of classification models were built based on selected linguistic features; one for differentiating between posts with and without depression stigma, and one for differentiating among posts with three specific types of depression stigma. RESULTS First, 967 of 15,879 posts (6.09%) indicated depression stigma. 39.30%, 15.82%, and 14.99% of them endorsed the stigmatizing view that "People with depression are unpredictable", "Depression is a sign of personal weakness", and "Depression is not a real medical illness", respectively. Second, the highest F-Measure value for differentiating between stigma and non-stigma reached 75.2%. The highest F-Measure value for differentiating among three specific types of stigma reached 86.2%. LIMITATIONS Due to the limited and imbalanced dataset of Chinese Weibo posts, the findings of this study might have limited generalizability. CONCLUSIONS This paper confirms that incorporating linguistic analysis methods into online detection of stigma can be beneficial to improve the performance of stigma reduction programs.
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