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Schnitzler T, Korn C, C. Herpertz S, Fuchs T. Emotion recognition in autism spectrum condition during the COVID-19 pandemic. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024; 28:1690-1702. [PMID: 37882152 PMCID: PMC11191665 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231203306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT In the COVID-19 pandemic, wearing face masks became mandatory to prevent the spread of the virus. However, they restrict the ability to recognize emotions to the upper part of the face. Since individuals with autism spectrum condition often tend to look at the lower half of the face, they may be particularly restricted in emotion recognition by people wearing masks, since they are now forced to look at the upper half of the face. The current study compared the recognition of facially expressed emotions between individuals with and without autism spectrum condition. Each photo was shown in three types, once uncovered, once with face mask, and once with sunglasses. Our results revealed a reduction in accuracy of individuals with autism spectrum condition at recognizing emotions in all three stimulus types and exhibited more difficulties distinguishing anger, fear, pride, and embarrassment. During the emotion recognition task, there was no difference in which facial areas the groups looked at. We did not find evidence that the disadvantages of individuals with autism spectrum condition in emotion recognition were due to looking at different areas of the face.
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Hong YC, Chen SJ, Chang YC, Chang CW, Chiang HH. The role of alexithymia in suicide ideation among Taiwanese army military personnel: A serial mediation model investigating the effects of perceived stress and depression. Stress Health 2024:e3405. [PMID: 38660797 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining the good mental health of Taiwanese military personnel is crucial, especially in light of incidents such as the Taiwan Strait crisis. Suicide is a leading cause of death among military personnel and alexithymia is a significant risk factor for suicidal ideation. However, the mechanisms linking alexithymia and suicidal ideation in this psychologically burdened population remain poorly understood. In total, 863 voluntary army military personnel from Taiwanese reserve brigades and combined-arms brigades were enroled between May 2020 and February 2021. Structured questionnaires about alexithymia, perceived stress, depression, suicidal ideation, and background characteristics were used. Mediation analyses were conducted to examine the serial mediation roles of perceived stress and depression in the relationship between alexithymia and suicidal ideation. Significant positive correlations were observed between alexithymia, perceived stress, depression, and suicidal ideation in bivariate analyses. Serial mediation analyses revealed that alexithymia significantly predicted higher levels of perceived stress, subsequently leading to depressive symptoms, which were associated with suicidal ideation. Depression served as a significant mediator between alexithymia and suicidal ideation. The strongest mediating effect (71.4%) was observed in the pathway from alexithymia through perceived stress and depression to suicidal ideation. Limitations included the utilization of cross-sectional data and a reliance on retrospective self-report measures. Perceived stress and depression were identified as serial mediators in the association between alexithymia and suicidal ideation. Clinically, it is crucial to prioritise interventions that target emotional regulation skills and assess the presence of alexithymia to effectively reduce suicidal ideation in military personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chia Hong
- Department of Nursing, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sy-Jou Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Cune Chang
- Department of Mathematics, Tamkang University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hsun Chiang
- School of Nursing, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zahid A, Taylor GJ, Lau SCL, Stone S, Bagby RM. Examining the Incremental Validity of the Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire (PAQ) Relative to the 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). J Pers Assess 2024; 106:242-253. [PMID: 37144843 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2023.2201831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) is the most widely used instrument for assessing alexithymia, with more than 25 years of research supporting its reliability and validity. The items that compose this scale were written to operationalize the components of the construct that are based on clinical observations of patients and thought to reflect deficits in the cognitive processing of emotions. The Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire (PAQ) is a recently introduced measure and is based on a theoretical attention-appraisal model of alexithymia. An important step with any newly developed measure is to evaluate whether it demonstrates incremental validity over existing measures. In this study using a community sample (N = 759), a series of hierarchical regression analyses were conducted that included an array of measures assessing constructs closely associated with alexithymia. Overall, the TAS-20 showed strong associations with these various constructs to which the PAQ was unable to add any meaningful increase in prediction relative to the TAS-20. We conclude that until future studies with clinical samples using several different criterion variables demonstrate incremental validity of the PAQ, the TAS-20 should remain the self-report measure of choice for clinicians and researchers assessing alexithymia, albeit as part of a multi-method approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Zahid
- Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto
| | | | | | | | - R Michael Bagby
- Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto
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Sancassiani F, Montisci R, Meloni L, Nardi AE, Carta MG. Why is it Important to Assess and Treat Alexithymia in the Cardiologic Field? An Overview of the Literature. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2023; 19:e174501792307140. [PMID: 37916203 PMCID: PMC10507214 DOI: 10.2174/17450179-v19-230810-2022-ht15-4764-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Alexithymia has been found to be associated with several somatic illnesses, such as cardiovascular, indicating that it might be a risk factor for early death in the long-term course of post-myocardial infarction. From the cardiology perspective, the aim was to collect current evidence about the relationship between alexithymia and somatic illness. Methods The literature was synthesized and summarized in a narrative format. The literature search was carried out in PubMed. Pertinent studies published in the last 50 years written in English were included and organized by three main topics ("The relation between alexithymia and somatic illness from the cardiology perspective"; "How do assess alexithymia?"; "Treating alexithymia") to be discussed. Results High alexithymia is a dimensional trait that affects around 10% of the general population and up to 55% of people with essential hypertension. Also, the link between alexithymia and cardiovascular activity has been pointed out. There are several validated tools to assess alexithymia, as well as treatment options. Conclusion Knowledge about the main features of alexithymia, as well as its assessment and treatment, can promote a multifactorial approach to the primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sancassiani
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Asse Didattico E, SS 554 bivio Sestu 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Roberta Montisci
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Asse Didattico E, SS 554 bivio Sestu 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Luigi Meloni
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Asse Didattico E, SS 554 bivio Sestu 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Antonio Egidio Nardi
- Instituto de Psiquiatria (IPUB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Asse Didattico E, SS 554 bivio Sestu 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
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Craba A, Marano G, Kotzalidis GD, Avallone C, Lisci FM, Crosta ML, Callea A, Monti L, De Berardis D, Lai C, Balocchi M, Sessa I, Harnic D, Sani G, Mazza M. Resilience and Attachment in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder. J Pers Med 2023; 13:969. [PMID: 37373958 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13060969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resilience represents one of the fundamental elements of attachment and has often been investigated in mood disorders. This study aims to investigate possible correlations between attachment and resilience in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). METHODS 106 patients (51 MDD, 55 BD) and 60 healthy controls (HCs) were administered the 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D-21), the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS), the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and Experiences in Close Relationship (ECR). RESULTS MDD and BD patients did not significantly differ from each other according to the HAM-D-21, HAM-A, YMRS, SHAPS, and TAS, while they scored higher than HCs on all these scales. Patients in the clinical group scored significantly lower on CD-RISC resilience than HCs (p < 0.01). A lower proportion of secure attachment was found among patients with MDD (27.4%) and BD (18.2%) compared to HCs (90%). In both clinical groups, fearful attachment prevailed (39.2% patients with MDD; 60% BD). CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the central role played by early life experiences and attachment in participants with mood disorders. Our study confirms the data from previous research showing a significant positive correlation between the quality of attachment and the development of resilience capacity, and supports the hypothesis that attachment constitutes a fundamental aspect of resilience capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Craba
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marano
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Georgios D Kotzalidis
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Avallone
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Maria Lisci
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Luigia Crosta
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Callea
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University, 00193 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Monti
- UOS Psicologia Clinica, Governo Clinico, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Lai
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Balocchi
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilenia Sessa
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Mazza
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Bizzi F, Riva A, Charpentier Mora S, Tironi M, Sforza SE, Milani LM, Nacinovich R. Investigating Functioning Profile of Adolescents with Anorexia before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study on Mentalizing, Alexithymia, and Impulsiveness. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3670. [PMID: 36834365 PMCID: PMC9959039 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) usually emerges in adolescence when important changes occur in cognitive, emotional, and social processes. Mentalizing, alexithymia, and impulsiveness represent key dimensions for the understanding and interpretation of psychological difficulties in AN. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted adolescents with AN, showing a worsening of the disease. The main aims of the present paper are (1) to compare adolescents with AN before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) to explore the relationship between mentalizing, alexithymia, impulsiveness, and psychological difficulties related to eating disorders in adolescents with AN during the COVID-19 pandemic. One hundred and ninety-six AN female adolescents (N = 94 before COVID-19; N = 102 during COVID-19) participated in this study. The results show that adolescents with AN during the COVID-19 pandemic had a more impaired functioning profile than the before COVID-19 group. Mentalizing, alexithymia, and impulsiveness had a predictive role on psychological difficulties related to eating disorders in adolescents with AN during the COVID-19 pandemic. In conclusion, our data reveal that the COVID-19 pandemic has likely represented a stress condition that affects mental health; worsening the severity of adolescents with AN clinical condition. Lastly, predictive patterns suggest the existence of a link between difficulties in the ability to face the problems of the present time using effective strategies and the severity of psychological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Bizzi
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Genoa, Corso A. Podestà 2, 16121 Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Riva
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Department, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Simone Charpentier Mora
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Genoa, Corso A. Podestà 2, 16121 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marta Tironi
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Genoa, Corso A. Podestà 2, 16121 Genoa, Italy
| | - Sofia Elena Sforza
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Department, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Maria Milani
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Department, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Renata Nacinovich
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Department, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI—Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
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Maywald M, Pogarell O, Levai S, Paolini M, Tschentscher N, Rauchmann BS, Krause D, Stöcklein S, Goerigk S, Röll L, Ertl-Wagner B, Papazov B, Keeser D, Karch S, Chrobok A. Neurofunctional differences and similarities between persistent postural-perceptual dizziness and anxiety disorder. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 37:103330. [PMID: 36696807 PMCID: PMC9879992 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) (ICD-11) and anxiety disorders (ANX) share behavioural symptoms like anxiety, avoidance, social withdrawal, hyperarousal, or palpitation as well as neurological symptoms like vertigo, stance and gait disorders. Furthermore, previous studies have shown a bidirectional link between vestibulo-spatial and anxiety neural networks. So far, there have been no neuroimaging-studies comparing these groups. OBJECTIVES The aim of this explorative study was to investigate differences and similarities of neural correlates between these two patient groups and to compare their findings with a healthy control group. METHODS 63 participants, divided in two patient groups (ANX = 20 and PPPD = 14) and two sex and age matched healthy control groups (HC-A = 16, HC-P = 13) were included. Anxiety and dizziness related pictures were shown during fMRI-measurements in a block-design in order to induce emotional responses. All subjects filled in questionnaires regarding vertigo (VSS, VHQ), anxiety (STAI), depression (BDI-II), alexithymia (TAS), and illness-perception (IPQ). After modelling the BOLD response with a standard canonical HRF, voxel-wise t-tests between conditions (emotional-negative vs neutral stimuli) were used to generate statistical contrast maps and identify relevant brain areas (pFDR < 0.05, cluster size >30 voxels). ROI-analyses were performed for amygdala, cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, inferior frontal gyrus, insula, supramarginal gyrus and thalamus (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS Patient groups differed from both HC groups regarding anxiety, dizziness, depression and alexithymia scores; ratings of the PPPD group and the ANX group did differ significantly only in the VSS subscale 'vertigo and related symptoms' (VSS-VER). The PPPD group showed increased neural responses in the vestibulo-spatial network, especially in the supramarginal gyrus (SMG), and superior temporal gyrus (STG), compared to ANX and HC-P group. The PPPD group showed increased neural responses compared to the HC-P group in the anxiety network including amygdala, insula, lentiform gyrus, hippocampus, inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and brainstem. Neuronal responses were enhanced in visual structures, e.g. fusiform gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, and in the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) in healthy controls compared to patients with ANX and PPPD, and in the ANX group compared to the PPPD group. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that neuronal responses to emotional information in the PPPD and the ANX group are comparable in anxiety networks but not in vestibulo-spatial networks. Patients with PPPD revealed a stronger neuronal response especially in SMG and STG compared to the ANX and the HC group. These results might suggest higher sensitivity and poorer adaptation processes in the PPPD group to anxiety and dizziness related pictures. Stronger activation in visual processing areas in HC subjects might be due to less emotional and more visual processing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Maywald
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Oliver Pogarell
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Levai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Paolini
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nadja Tschentscher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Krause
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophia Stöcklein
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Goerigk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas Röll
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Birgit Ertl-Wagner
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris Papazov
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Keeser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Karch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Chrobok
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Taylor GJ. Psychoanalysis and Psychosomatics: A New Synthesis. Psychodyn Psychiatry 2022; 50:306-325. [PMID: 35653542 DOI: 10.1521/pdps.2022.50.2.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Graeme J Taylor
- Professor of Psychiatry, University of Toronto; Staff Psychiatrist, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario
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Mohamed BES, Ahmed MGAE. Emotional intelligence, alexithymia and suicidal ideation among depressive patients. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2022; 37:33-38. [PMID: 35337436 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is more than just sentiment sad or passing a rough patch. It is a serious psychological wellbeing disorder that needs curative care and maintenance. Emotional Intelligence (EI) is a comprehensive personality construct denoting the capability to perceive and control affects within the self. Alexithymia is another personality construct that refers to the difficulty of recognizing and expressing feelings, with an outside oriented thinking style. Suicidal ideation is defined as thinking of appealing in conduct intentional to end one's life. AIM The current study aimed to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence, alexithymia and suicidal ideation among depressive patients. DESIGN A descriptive correlation design was utilized. SETTING This study was conducted at the Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic in El Ahrar Hospital, Alsharkia Governorate, Egypt. SUBJECTS A purposeful sample of 65 depressed patients was recruited for this study. TOOLS Data were collected by using four tools: Socio-demographic Data Sheet, Emotional Intelligence Scales, Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and Suicidal Ideation Scale. RESULTS The majority of depressed patients were having alexithymia and having low emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence was statistically significantly negatively correlated with alexithymia and suicidal ideation. Nevertheless, alexithymia was statistically significantly positively correlated with suicidal ideation. It was statistically significantly positively predictor of suicidal ideation and alexithymia, while it was statistically significantly negatively predictor of suicidal ideation and emotional intelligence. CONCLUSION Lower emotional intelligence led to higher suicidal ideation in depressive patients. Increasing alexithymia in patients with depressive disorders caused an increase in their suicidal ideation. Therefore, it is recommended implementing a training program such as mindfulness and emotional intelligence skills for patients to enhance their emotional intelligence.
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Dasa O, Mahmoud AN, Kaufmann PG, Ketterer M, Light KC, Raczynski J, Sheps DS, Stone PH, Handberg E, Pepine CJ. Relationship of Psychological Characteristics to Daily Life Ischemia: An Analysis From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Psychophysiological Investigations in Myocardial Ischemia. Psychosom Med 2022; 84:359-367. [PMID: 35067655 PMCID: PMC8976783 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiac ischemia during daily life is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes. Mental stress is known to provoke cardiac ischemia and is related to psychological variables. In this multicenter cohort study, we assessed whether psychological characteristics were associated with ischemia in daily life. METHODS This study examined patients with clinically stable coronary artery disease (CAD) with documented cardiac ischemia during treadmill exercise (n = 196, mean [standard deviation] age = 62.64 [8.31] years; 13% women). Daily life ischemia (DLI) was assessed by 48-hour ambulatory electrocardiophic monitoring. Psychological characteristics were assessed using validated instruments to identify characteristics associated with ischemia occurring in daily life stress. RESULTS High scores on anger and hostility were common in this sample of patients with CAD, and DLI was documented in 83 (42%) patients. However, the presence of DLI was associated with lower anger scores (odds ratio [OR] = 2.03; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12-3.69), reduced anger expressiveness (OR = 2.04; 95% CI = 1.10-3.75), and increased ratio of anger control to total anger (OR = 2.33; 95% CI = 1.27-4.17). Increased risk of DLI was also associated with lower hostile attribution (OR = 2.22; 95% CI = 1.21-4.09), hostile affect (OR = 1.92; 95% CI = 1.03-3.58), and aggressive responding (OR = 2.26; 95% CI = 1.25-4.08). We observed weak inverse correlations between DLI episode frequency and anger expressiveness, total anger, and hostility scores. DLI was not associated with depression or anxiety measures. The combination of the constructs low anger expressiveness and low hostile attribution was independently associated with DLI (OR = = 2.59; 95% CI = 1.42-4.72). CONCLUSIONS In clinically stable patients with CAD, the tendency to suppress angry and hostile feelings, particularly openly aggressive behavior, was associated with DLI. These findings warrant a study in larger cohorts, and intervention studies are needed to ascertain whether management strategies that modify these psychological characteristics improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Dasa
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Ahmed N. Mahmoud
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Mark Ketterer
- Department of Behavioral Health, Henry Ford Hospital and Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Kathleen C. Light
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Psychology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - James Raczynski
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - David S. Sheps
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Peter H. Stone
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eileen Handberg
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Carl J. Pepine
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Taylor GJ, Bagby RM. Examining Proposed Changes to the Conceptualization of the Alexithymia Construct: The Way Forward Tilts to the Past. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2021; 90:145-155. [PMID: 33285546 DOI: 10.1159/000511988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Graeme J Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,
| | - R Michael Bagby
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Trudel X, Brisson C, Talbot D, Gilbert-Ouimet M, Milot A. Long Working Hours and Risk of Recurrent Coronary Events. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 77:1616-1625. [PMID: 33795035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence from prospective studies has suggested that long working hours are associated with incident coronary heart disease (CHD) events. However, no previous study has examined whether long working hours are associated with an increased risk of recurrent CHD events among patients returning to work after a first myocardial infarction (MI). OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of long working hours on the risk of recurrent CHD events. METHODS This is a prospective cohort study of 967 men and women age 35 to 59 years who returned to work after a first MI. Patients were recruited from 30 hospitals across the province of Quebec, Canada. The mean follow-up duration was 5.9 years. Long working hours were assessed on average 6 weeks after their return to work. Incident CHD events (fatal or nonfatal MI and unstable angina) occurring during follow-up were determined using patients' medical files. Hazard ratios were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression models. Splines and fractional polynomial regressions were used for flexible exposure and time modeling. RESULTS Recurrent CHD events occurred among 205 patients. Participants working long hours (≥55 h/week) had a higher risk of recurrent CHD events after controlling for sociodemographics, lifestyle-related risk factors, clinical risk factors, work environment factors, and personality factors (hazard ratio vs. 35 to 40 h/week: 1.67; 95% confidence interval: 1.10 to 2.53). These results showed a linear risk increase after 40 h/week and a stronger effect after the first 4 years of follow-up and when long working hours are combined with job strain. CONCLUSIONS Among patients returning to work after a first MI, longer working hours per week is associated with an increased risk of recurrent CHD events. Secondary prevention interventions aiming to reduce the number of working hours among these patients may lower the risk of CHD recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Trudel
- Social and Preventive Medicine Department, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada; CHU de Québec-Laval University Research Centre, Quebec City, Québec, Canada.
| | - Chantal Brisson
- Social and Preventive Medicine Department, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada; CHU de Québec-Laval University Research Centre, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis Talbot
- Social and Preventive Medicine Department, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada; CHU de Québec-Laval University Research Centre, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Mahée Gilbert-Ouimet
- CHU de Québec-Laval University Research Centre, Quebec City, Québec, Canada; Department of Health Sciences, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Lévis, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Alain Milot
- CHU de Québec-Laval University Research Centre, Quebec City, Québec, Canada; Medicine Department, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
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13
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Parker JDA, Michael Bagby R, Taylor GJ, Endler NS, Schmitz P. Factorial validity of the 20‐item Toronto Alexithymia Scale. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.2410070403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The 20‐item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS‐20) was developed in previous research to measure a general dimension of alexithymia with three inter correlated factors. These three factors reflect distinct facets of the alexithymia construct: (1) difficulty identifying feelings and distinguishing them from the bodily sensations of emotion, (2) difficulty describing feelings to others, and (3) an externally orientated style of thinking. This study tested the three‐factor model for the TAS‐20, using confirmatory factor analysis, in separate samples of young adults from Germany, Canada, and the United States. The previously established three‐factor model was found to be replicable in all three samples. In addition, the full TAS‐20 and its three factors demonstrated adequate internal reliability in all three samples. Although evaluation of the convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity of the TAS‐20 is required in diverse cultural groups, the present results provide evidence for the factorial validity and internal reliability of the TAS‐20.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. Michael Bagby
- Clarke Institute of Psychiatry and the University of Toronto, Canada
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14
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Ścigała DK, Zdankiewicz-Ścigała E, Bedyńska S, Kokoszka A. Psychometric Properties and Configural Invariance of the Polish - Language Version of the 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale in Non-clinical and Alcohol Addict Persons. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1241. [PMID: 32625145 PMCID: PMC7311651 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The development and assessment of the psychometric properties of the Polish-language version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (Bagby et al., 1994a, b) is described in this article. The aim of this study was to translate the TAS - 20 into Polish and establish the psychometric properties of this instrument evaluating alexithymia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were collected via self-report measures from a total sample of 676 participants: a total of 180 participants (115 males and 65 females) diagnosed with alcohol dependence, and 496 control group (347 males and 149 females). RESULTS Confirmatory factor analyses found the factor structure of the original English-language TAS 20 for the three subscales translated into Polish: Difficulty in Identifying Feeling (DIF); Difficulty in Describing Feeling (DDF); Externally Oriented Thinking (EOT). All three subscales showed good internal consistency in non-clinical group and two subscales, DIF and DDF in alcohol addict group. Several EOT items loaded poorly on their intended factor. CONCLUSION The results from the present study indicate that the Polish version of the TAS - 20 is a reliable and valid measure of alexithymia with good levels of internal consistency, homogeneity, and construct validity. We conclude that the TAS-20 has, for the most part, adequate psychometric properties, though interpretation should focus only on the total scale score and DIF and DDF subscales, especially in clinical groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sylwia Bedyńska
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kokoszka
- II Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Pust GEA, Dettmers C, Randerath J, Rahn AC, Heesen C, Schmidt R, Gold SM. Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis Is Associated With Childhood Adversities. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:811. [PMID: 33005150 PMCID: PMC7485280 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatigue is a common and disabling symptom in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS). Its pathogenesis, however, is still not fully understood. Potential psychological roots, in particular, have received little attention to date. The present study examined the association of childhood adversities, specific trait characteristics, and MS disease characteristics with fatigue symptoms utilizing path analysis. Five hundred and seventy-one PwMS participated in an online survey. Standardized psychometric tools were applied. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) served to assess childhood adversities. Trait variables were alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale; TAS-26) and early maladaptive schemas (Young Schema Questionnaire; YSQ). Current pathology comprised depression (Beck's Depression Inventory FastScreen; BDI-FS) and anxiety symptoms (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; STAI-state), as well as physical disability (Patient determined Disease Steps; PDDS). The Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions (FSMC) was the primary outcome variable measuring fatigue. PwMS displayed high levels of fatigue and depression (mean FSMC score: 72; mean BDI-II score: 18). The final path model revealed that CTQ emotional neglect and emotional abuse remained as the only significant childhood adversity variables associated with fatigue. There were differential associations for the trait variables and current pathology: TAS-26, the YSQ domain impaired autonomy and performance, as well as all current pathology measures had direct effects on fatigue symptoms, accounting for 28.2% of the FSMC variance. Bayesian estimation also revealed indirect effects from the two CTQ subscales on FSMC. The final model fitted the data well, also after a cross-validation check and after replacing the FSMC with the Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire (CFQ). This study suggests an association psychological factors on fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis. Childhood adversities, as well as specific trait characteristics, seem to be associated with current pathology and fatigue symptoms. The article discusses potential implications and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesa E A Pust
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (INIMS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,ZIST, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Christian Dettmers
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Lurija Institute for Rehabilitation and Health Sciences at the University of Konstanz, Schmieder Foundation for Sciences and Research, Allensbach, Germany
| | - Jennifer Randerath
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Lurija Institute for Rehabilitation and Health Sciences at the University of Konstanz, Schmieder Foundation for Sciences and Research, Allensbach, Germany
| | - Anne C Rahn
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (INIMS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Heesen
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (INIMS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roger Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Lurija Institute for Rehabilitation and Health Sciences at the University of Konstanz, Schmieder Foundation for Sciences and Research, Allensbach, Germany.,Klinik für Psychosomatik und Konsiliarpsychiatrie, Departement Innere Medizin, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Stefan M Gold
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (INIMS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Kafarov T, Aliev N, Aliyev Z. A study of alexithymia in schizophrenia and some somatic diseases. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2020; 120:36-40. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202012004136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Gaggero G, Bonassi A, Dellantonio S, Pastore L, Aryadoust V, Esposito G. A Scientometric Review of Alexithymia: Mapping Thematic and Disciplinary Shifts in Half a Century of Research. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:611489. [PMID: 33362614 PMCID: PMC7758403 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.611489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The term "alexithymia" was introduced in the lexicon of psychiatry in the early '70s by Sifneos to outline the difficulties manifested by some patients in identifying and describing their own emotions. Since then, the construct has been broadened and partially modified. Today this describes a condition characterized by an altered emotional awareness which leads to difficulties in recognizing your own and others' emotions. In half a century, the volume of scientific products focusing on alexithymia has exceeded 5,000. Such an expansive knowledge domain poses a difficulty for those willing to understand how alexithymia research has developed. Scientometrics embodies a solution to this issue, employing computational, and visual analytic methods to uncover meaningful patterns within large bibliographical corpora. In this study, we used the CiteSpace software to examine a corpus of 4,930 publications on alexithymia ranging from 1980 to 2020 and their 100,251 references included in Web of Science. Document co-citation analysis was performed to highlight pivotal publications and major research areas on alexithymia, whereas journal co-citation analysis was conducted to find the related editorial venues and disciplinary communities. The analyses suggest that the construct of alexithymia experienced a gradual thematic and disciplinary shift. Although the first conceptualization of alexithymia came from psychoanalysis and psychosomatics, empirical research was pushed by the operationalization of the construct formulated at the end of the '80s. Specifically, the development of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, currently the most used self-report instrument, seems to have encouraged both the entrance of new disciplines in the study of alexithymia (i.e., cognitive science and neuroscience) and an implicit redefinition of its conceptual nucleus. Overall, we discuss opportunities and limitations in the application of this bottom-up approach, which highlights trends in alexithymia research that were previously identified only through a qualitative, theory-driven approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Gaggero
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Andrea Bonassi
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy.,Mobile and Social Computing Lab, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy
| | - Sara Dellantonio
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Luigi Pastore
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Vahid Aryadoust
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy.,Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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18
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Hornung J, Noack H, Thomas M, Farger G, Nieratschker V, Freiherr J, Derntl B. Bayesian informed evidence against modulation of androstadienone-effects by genotypic receptor variants and participant sex: A study assessing Stroop interference control, mood and olfaction. Horm Behav 2018; 98:45-54. [PMID: 29246659 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The androgen derivative androstadienone (AND) is present in human sweat and may act as human chemosignal. Though effects of AND have been reported with respect to emotional and cognitive processes, results have been highly inconsistent. For this reason, it is likely that AND-action is dependent on modulatory factors. Here we wanted to specifically investigate the impact of genotypic variations of the AND-receptor OR7D4, as well as the influence of participant sex and concomitant hormonal fluctuations on AND-action during emotional interference processing, olfactory performance and mood assessments. To this end 80 healthy individuals (women taking oral contraceptives; naturally cycling women measured during the luteal phase and men) were tested twice on two consecutive days (AND vs. placebo exposure) with an emotional Stroop task. Also, olfactory performance and mood was assessed. Participants provided saliva samples to measure testosterone, progesterone and estradiol and a blood sample to assess genotypic variations of the AND-receptor OR7D4. We found a small task-dependent reduction of overall error rates under AND but no modulation of effects by genetic variation or group (female OC, female NC, male) with respect to olfactory performance and mood. Additional analyses with help of Bayesian statistics gave strong evidence in favor of specific null hypotheses suggesting that the action of AND was not modulated by either genotypic variations or sex of participants with respect to interference control (bias indices), olfactory self-reports and mood parameters. Additional effects of AND in connection with hormonal fluctuations are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Hornung
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Hannes Noack
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Lead Graduate School, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mara Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gisbert Farger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Nieratschker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jessica Freiherr
- Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Freising, Germany
| | - Birgit Derntl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Lead Graduate School, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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19
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Hornung J, Kogler L, Wolpert S, Freiherr J, Derntl B. The human body odor compound androstadienone leads to anger-dependent effects in an emotional Stroop but not dot-probe task using human faces. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175055. [PMID: 28369152 PMCID: PMC5378404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The androgen derivative androstadienone is a substance found in human sweat and thus is a putative human chemosignal. Androstadienone has been studied with respect to effects on mood states, attractiveness ratings, physiological and neural activation. With the current experiment, we aimed to explore in which way androstadienone affects attention to social cues (human faces). Moreover, we wanted to test whether effects depend on specific emotions, the participants' sex and individual sensitivity to smell androstadienone. To do so, we investigated 56 healthy individuals (thereof 29 females taking oral contraceptives) with two attention tasks on two consecutive days (once under androstadienone, once under placebo exposure in pseudorandomized order). With an emotional dot-probe task we measured visuo-spatial cueing while an emotional Stroop task allowed us to investigate interference control. Our results suggest that androstadienone acts in a sex, task and emotion-specific manner as a reduction in interference processes in the emotional Stroop task was only apparent for angry faces in men under androstadienone exposure. More specifically, men showed a smaller difference in reaction times for congruent compared to incongruent trials. At the same time also women were slightly affected by smelling androstadienone as they classified angry faces more often correctly under androstadienone. For the emotional dot-probe task no modulation by androstadienone was observed. Furthermore, in both attention paradigms individual sensitivity to androstadienone was neither correlated with reaction times nor error rates in men and women. To conclude, exposure to androstadienone seems to potentiate the relevance of angry faces in both men and women in connection with interference control, while processes of visuo-spatial cueing remain unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Hornung
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Lydia Kogler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Wolpert
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jessica Freiherr
- Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Freising, Germany
| | - Birgit Derntl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Lead Graduate School, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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20
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Kämpfer N, Staufenbiel S, Wegener I, Rambau S, Urbach AS, Mücke M, Geiser F, Conrad R. Suicidality in patients with somatoform disorder - the speechless expression of anger? Psychiatry Res 2016; 246:485-491. [PMID: 27821358 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify emotion-associated risk factors for suicidality in patients with somatoform disorders. METHODS A sample of 155 consecutive patients diagnosed with somatoform disorders at the Psychosomatic Ambulance of Bonn University Hospital filled in several questionnaires including the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised Version (SCL-90-R), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), and the State Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI). Our aim was to compare patients with suicide attempts to patients without suicide attempts via a MANCOVA (IV: Group; DV: SCL-90-R, TAS-20, STAXI; covariates: sex, age, depression, borderline personality disorder). RESULTS Lifetime suicide attempts were documented in 20 patients (12.9%), current active suicidal ideation in 33.6%, and thoughts of death or dying in 55.9%. Patients with lifetime suicide attempts showed significantly more psychological distress, a significantly higher alexithymia sum score, a significantly higher score on trait anger, state anger, and a stronger tendency to express anger. CONCLUSION Somatoform disorder patients with lifetime suicide attempts might have greater difficulties in identifying and describing emotions, and a tendency to intensely experience and express anger. Future longitudinal studies should further investigate possible links between difficulties in coping with anger and suicidality to improve prophylaxis and treatment of suicidal behaviour in somatoform disorder patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Kämpfer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Sabine Staufenbiel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingo Wegener
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefanie Rambau
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne Sarah Urbach
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Mücke
- Department of Palliative Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Franziska Geiser
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Rupert Conrad
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
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21
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Ogłodek EA, Szota AM, Just MJ, Araszkiewicz A, Szromek AR. Sense of alexithymia in patients with anxiety disorders comorbid with recurrent urticaria. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016; 12:995-1004. [PMID: 27143899 PMCID: PMC4844460 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s94600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Alexithymia is associated with limited cognitive processing of emotions by an individual suffering from recurrent urticaria and alexithymia and makes them focus on somatic manifestations of emotional arousal and on poorly controlled compulsive reactions to negative stimulation. Alexithymia is considered to be a personality trait, which, along with other factors, predisposes individuals toward developing somatic diseases. The aim of the study was to assess the measurement of alexithymic features in patients with recurrent urticaria and to assess the types of concurrent anxiety disorders and overall anxiety level. METHODS In order to diagnose clinical anxiety symptoms in patients, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale were applied. Alexithymic features were measured by means of a shortened version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, characterized by high discrimination power, internal coherence, and reliability. RESULTS According to the Toronto Alexithymia Scale results, the greatest contributing factor was "inability to differentiate between feelings and bodily sensations". This was observed in both males and females. Most frequently, the patients were found to suffer from generalized anxiety disorder and social phobia. CONCLUSION Alexithymia may result from the difficulty associated with expressing emotions caused by anxiety disorders. Undergoing treatment for anxiety disorders may contribute to reduced exacerbation of urticaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa A Ogłodek
- Department of Psychiatry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń Poland
| | - Anna M Szota
- Department of Psychiatry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń Poland
| | - Marek J Just
- Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Municipal Hospital, Piekary Śląskie Poland
| | - Aleksander Araszkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń Poland
| | - Adam R Szromek
- Department of Organization and Management, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
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22
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Triangles, tricks and tics: Hyper-mentalizing in response to animated shapes in Tourette syndrome. Cortex 2015; 71:68-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Eddy CM, Rickards HE. Interaction without intent: the shape of the social world in Huntington's disease. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2015; 10:1228-35. [PMID: 25680992 PMCID: PMC4560946 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsv012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative condition. Patients with this movement disorder can exhibit deficits on tasks involving Theory of Mind (ToM): the ability to understand mental states such as beliefs and emotions. We investigated mental state inference in HD in response to ambiguous animations involving geometric shapes, while exploring the impact of symptoms within cognitive, emotional and motor domains. Forty patients with HD and twenty healthy controls described the events in videos showing random movements of two triangles (i.e. floating), simple interactions (e.g. following) and more complex interactions prompting the inference of mental states (e.g. one triangle encouraging the other). Relationships were explored between animation interpretation and measures of executive functioning, alexithymia and motor symptoms. Individuals with HD exhibited alexithymia and a reduced tendency to spontaneously attribute intentions to interacting triangles on the animations task. Attribution of intentions on the animations task correlated with motor symptoms and burden of pathology. Importantly, patients without motor symptoms showed similar ToM deficits despite intact executive functions. Subtle changes in ToM that are unrelated to executive dysfunction could therefore feature in basal ganglia disorders prior to motor onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare M Eddy
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, BSMHFT The Barberry National Centre for Mental Health, Birmingham, UK and School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hugh E Rickards
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, BSMHFT The Barberry National Centre for Mental Health, Birmingham, UK and School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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24
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Kanas N. Research Review. Int J Group Psychother 2015. [DOI: 10.1521/ijgp.51.4.587.51304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Bauer LO, Ceballos NA. Neural and genetic correlates of binge drinking among college women. Biol Psychol 2014; 97:43-8. [PMID: 24530440 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Ninety-seven female students were assigned to groups consisting of 55 infrequent and 42 frequent binge drinkers. The groups were compared on self-report measures of impulsivity, sensation seeking, and alexithymia, as well as several measures relevant to neural and genetic mechanisms, such as brain activation during a time estimation task and selected genotypes. Analyses of stimulus-locked brain activity revealed a slow cortical potential over the right parietal cortex during time estimation that was more negative among frequent binge drinkers. This group also showed a greater prevalence of a CHRM2 genotype previously associated with substance dependence and Major Depressive Disorder as well as a modest elevation on a non-planning impulsiveness scale. We conclude that the enhanced brain activation shown by binge drinkers compensates for an underlying deficit. That deficit may be reflected in poor planning skills and a genetic difference indicating increased risk for problems in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance O Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
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26
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Interoceptive-reflective regions differentiate alexithymia traits in depersonalization disorder. Psychiatry Res 2013; 214:66-72. [PMID: 23932225 PMCID: PMC4024664 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is unclear to what degree depersonalization disorder (DPD) and alexithymia share abnormal brain mechanisms of emotional dysregulation. We compared cerebral processing of facial expressions of emotion in individuals with DPD to normal controls (NC). We presented happy and sad emotion expressions in increasing intensities from neutral (0%) through mild (50%) to intense (100%) to DPD and non-referred NC subjects in an implicit event-related fMRI design, and correlated respective brain activations with responses on the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and its three subscales F1-F3. The TAS-20 predicts clinical diagnosis of DPD with a unique variance proportion of 38%. Differential regression analysis was utilized to ascertain brain regions for each alexithymia subscale. Differential regions of total alexithymia severity for happy emotion were the globus pallidus externus; for identifying feelings (TAS-20 F1 subscale), the right anterior insula; for description of feelings (F2), the right dorsal mid-anterior cingulate gyrus (BA 24); and for externally oriented cognitive style (F3), the left paracingulate gyrus (BA 32). For sad emotion, the differential region for the total TAS-20 score was the dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus (BA 24); for TAS-20 F1, the left inferior anterior insula; for TAS-20 F2, the right PCC (BA 31); and for TAS-20 F3, the right orbital gyrus (BA 10). Supporting our hypotheses, the ascertained brain regions for TAS-20 subscales subserve interoception, monitoring and reflection of internal states and emotion. The presented analyses provide evidence that alexithymia plays a substantial role in emotional dysregulation in DPD, presumably based on restrictions in interoception.
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Michetti PM, Eleuteri S, Giuliani M, Rossi R, Simonelli C. Delayed ejaculation and alexithymia: what is the relationship? F1000Res 2013; 2:81. [PMID: 24627775 PMCID: PMC3917660 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.2-81.v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Delayed Ejaculation (DE) is probably the least studied and understood of the male sexual dysfunctions (MSD). There is still little unanimity concerning its psychological/interpersonal aetiology. Previous studies found that MSD are strongly related with alexithymia, a multifaceted personality construct that describes a disturbance in the regulation of emotions.The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of alexithymia in men with DE and correlate alexithymia levels with DE severity. According to specific features of the symptoms, we hypothesized that alexithymia would not be correlated with this specific sexual disorder. 54 outpatients with a diagnosis of DE assessed at the Institute of Clinical Sexology and the Urology Department of Sapienza, University in Rome were enrolled in the study. DE was diagnosed after a specialist examination and according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders -IV-TR criteria. Participants were provided with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (20 items; TAS-20), a self-measure of the Intravaginal Ejaculation Latency Time and an
ad hoc questionnaire to collect anamnestic data. 9.3% of patients could be categorized as alexithymics, 9.3% of them as borderline, while 81.4% of the sample was found to be non-alexithymic. The overall average TAS-20 score was 45.46. Results show that alexithymia is correlated neither with the presence of DE nor with its severity, in contrast to other MSDs, where this condition was found in about 30% of patients. The data presented suggest that DE, although not correlated to alexithymia, is probably related to other psychogenic features such as hypercontrol configuration. This paper can contribute to the understanding of DE, by excluding one of the possible etiological factors, previously found to be important in the onset and the maintenance of the other MSDs. More studies are needed in order to better understand DE and provide recommendations about treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefano Eleuteri
- Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, 1035 - 00189, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Rossi
- Institute of Clinical Sexology, Roma, 78 - 00198, Italy
| | - Chiara Simonelli
- Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, 1035 - 00189, Italy
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Ketterer MW, Freedland KE, Krantz DS, Kaufmann P, Forman S, Greene A, Raczynski J, Knatterud G, Light K, Carney RM, Stone P, Becker L, Sheps D. Psychological Correlates of Mental Stress-induced Ischemia in the Laboratory: The Psychophysiological Investigation of Myocardial Ischemia (PIMI) Study. J Health Psychol 2012; 5:75-85. [PMID: 22048826 DOI: 10.1177/135910530000500112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Participants consisted of 184 patients (160 males, 24 females) with positive angiograms or prior myocardial infarctions who displayed at least 1 mm of ST segment depression on a standardized treadmill test. Mean scores on the Reward Dependence subscale of the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire were higher in patients displaying ischemia during mental stress. Patients who reported higher levels of irritability/anger in response to the Speech stressor were also more likely to display ischemia. However, this result was primarily a result of the females in the sample whose ratings of interest and irritability were associated with ischemia during the Speech task. Psychometric measures previously found in prospective studies to predict acute cardiac events were unrelated to mental stress-induced ischemia in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Ketterer
- Henry Ford Hospital/CFP3, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit MI 48202, USA. [Fax 313-916-8846; Tel. 313-916-2523]
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Saladin ME, Santa Ana EJ, LaRowe SD, Simpson AN, Tolliver BK, Price KL, McRae-Clark AL, Brady KT. Does alexithymia explain variation in cue-elicited craving reported by methamphetamine-dependent individuals? Am J Addict 2012; 21:130-5. [PMID: 22332856 DOI: 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2011.00214.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug craving is an important motivational phenomenon among addicted individuals, and successful management of craving is essential to both the initiation and maintenance of abstinence. Although craving in response to drug cues is common in drug-dependent individuals, it is not universal. At the present time, it is not known why approximately 20-30% of all addicted persons fail to report appreciable craving in laboratory-based cue reactivity studies. This study examined the possibility that alexithymia, a personality attribute characterized by a difficulty identifying and describing emotions, may contribute to the impoverished cue-elicited craving experienced by some addicts. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that alexithymia, as measured by the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), would be inversely related to the magnitude of cue-elicited craving obtained in a cue reactivity protocol. Forty methamphetamine-dependent individuals completed the TAS and provided craving ratings for methamphetamine after presentation of methamphetamine-associated cues. Thirteen participants (32%) reported no methamphetamine cue-elicited craving. Contrary to expectation, TAS factor 1 (a measure of difficulty identifying feelings) scores were positively associated with cue-elicited craving. Thus, the results suggest that increasing difficulty-identifying feelings may be associated with higher cue-elicited craving. Clinical implications for this finding are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Saladin
- Department of Health Sciences and Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA.
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Links P, Nisenbaum R, Ambreen M, Balderson K, Bergmans Y, Eynan R, Harder H, Cutcliffe J. Prospective study of risk factors for increased suicide ideation and behavior following recent discharge. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2012; 34:88-97. [PMID: 21997244 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2011.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to prospectively examine the association between predictors from the three thematic areas - suicidality, personal risk factors and patient care factors - and the occurrence of postdischarge suicide ideation and behavior in recently discharged patients. METHODS The design is a prospective cohort study of all patients admitted to an inner city inpatient psychiatric service with a lifetime history of suicidal behavior and current suicidal ideation. Predictors of suicide ideation at 1, 3 and 6 months following discharge and suicide behavior over the 6 months of follow-up were examined. RESULTS The incidence of death by suicide during the study period was 3.3% [95% confidence interval (CI)=0.9%-8.3%], and 39.4% (95% CI=30.0%-49.5%) of the surviving participants reported self-injury or suicide attempts within 6 months of hospital discharge. Risk factors such as recent suicide attempts, levels of depression, hopelessness and impulsivity were predictive of increased suicide ideation or behavior after discharge from the inpatient service. CONCLUSIONS The high risk of suicide ideation, suicide attempts and suicide demonstrated in these recently discharged patients supports the need to develop selective prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Links
- Suicide Studies Research Unit at St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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31
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Abstract
Although previous studies seem to indicate that alexithymic individuals have a deficit in their ability to recognize emotional stimuli, none had studied the relationship between alexithymia and verbal and non verbal abilities and their possible role in emotion recognition. The aim of the present study is to further investigate the relationship between alexithymia and emotion recognition ability. In particular we studied whether this relationship is mediated by verbal ability. Thirty-five students were selected from a group of 91 University students previously screened for alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale; TAS-20). Participants were shown black and white slides depicting facial expression of the following emotions: anger, sadness, disgust, surprise, happiness and fear. Compared to low alexithymic participants, and, more importantly, taking verbal IQ into account, high alexithymic and low alexithymic participants did not differ in emotion recognition.
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32
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Aboa-Éboulé C, Brisson C, Blanchette C, Maunsell E, Bourbonnais R, Abdous B, Vézina M, Milot A, Dagenais GR. Effort-reward imbalance at work and psychological distress: a validation study of post-myocardial infarction patients. Psychosom Med 2011; 73:448-55. [PMID: 21705692 DOI: 10.1097/01.psy.0000399790.82499.d7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether the psychometric properties of the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) at work scales could be replicated with post-myocardial infarction (post-MI) patients and to measure the criterion validity through its association with psychological distress. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 814 patients (739 men and 75 women) who had returned to work after their first MI and who were followed up by telephone at an average of 2.2 years after their baseline interview (1998-2000). The psychological demands scale of the Karasek Job Content Questionnaire was used to measure effort. Reward was measured with nine items from the original reward scale by Siegrist plus two proxy items. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to test the theoretical structure of ERI. Using log-binomial regression models, we evaluated the association between ERI scales and psychological distress measured with the 14-item Psychiatric Symptom Index. RESULTS ERI scales and subscales demonstrated adequate internal consistencies. Exploratory factor analysis using oblique (promax) rotation yielded a three-factor solution with items representative of extrinsic effort (Factor 1) and reward subscales (Factors 2 and 3). Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a good fit with the data. The internal consistencies and discriminant validities of the ERI scales were satisfactory. Furthermore, effort, reward, and ERI ratio were significantly associated with psychological distress (adjusted prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.26-2.31; PR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.16-2.29; and PR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.17-2.47, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The psychometric properties of the ERI scales were generally reproduced among post-MI patients. The associations with psychological distress supported the criterion validity of the ERI scales in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corine Aboa-Éboulé
- Unité de recherche en santé des populations, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Québec City, Canada
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Effort-reward imbalance at work and recurrent coronary heart disease events: a 4-year prospective study of post-myocardial infarction patients. Psychosom Med 2011; 73:436-47. [PMID: 21705691 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0b013e318222b2d8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prospective studies have shown that effort-reward imbalance (ERI) at work is associated with the incidence of a first coronary heart disease (CHD) event. However, it is unknown whether ERI at work increases the risk of recurrent CHD events. The objective of this study was to determine whether ERI at work and its components (effort and reward) increase the risk of recurrent CHD in post-myocardial infarction (post-MI) workers. METHODS We carried out a prospective cohort study of 669 men and 69 women who returned to work after a first MI. ERI at work was assessed by telephone interview using validated scales of reward and psychological demands. The outcome was a composite of fatal CHD, nonfatal MI, and unstable angina. CHD risk factors were documented in medical files and by interview. The participants were followed up for a mean period of 4.0 years (1998-2005). RESULTS During the follow-up, 96 CHD events were documented. High ERI and low reward were associated with recurrent CHD (respective adjusted hazard ratios [HRs] = 1.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.99-3.08, and HR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.16-2.71). There was a gender interaction showing stronger effects among women (respective adjusted HRs for high ERI and low reward: HR = 3.95, 95% CI = 0.93-16.79, and HR = 9.53, 95% CI = 1.15-78.68). CONCLUSIONS Post-MI workers holding jobs that involved ERI or low reward had increased risk of recurrent CHD.
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Konrath S, Grynberg D, Corneille O, Hammig S, Luminet O. On the social cost of interdependence: Alexithymia is enhanced among socially interdependent people. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Abstract
Previous research has found that understanding one's emotions and attending to them are 2 dimensions of emotional awareness. In this research, we examined whether improved subscales for measuring clarity of and attention to emotions could be developed by selecting the best items from 2 frequently used measures of emotional awareness. Using multidimensional scaling and confirmatory factor analysis, we analyzed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (Bagby, Parker, & Taylor, 1994) and the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (Salovey, Mayer, Goldman, Turvey, & Palfai, 1995) data from 867 college students. Results supported distinct clarity and attention constructs. New subscales were internally consistent and fared as well as or better than previous versions in terms of internal consistency and convergent validity.
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van der Meer L, van't Wout M, Aleman A. Emotion regulation strategies in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2009; 170:108-13. [PMID: 19906439 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2009.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Revised: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia patients might experience difficulties in applying two widely used emotion regulation strategies, reappraisal and suppression. We investigated the relationships among emotion regulation strategies, alexithymia (i.e. inability to identify and verbalize feelings) and the role of pre-morbid IQ on alexithymia in schizophrenia. Participants comprised 31 schizophrenia patients and 44 healthy subjects who were tested on measures of emotion regulation strategies (ERQ), alexithymia (BVAQ) and pre-morbid IQ (NART). Patients reported significantly more use of suppression strategies and tended to use reappraisal strategies less frequently. Patients differed significantly on the cognitive-emotional component of alexithymia. This difference remained significant even with pre-morbid IQ as a covariate, but disappeared with depression as a covariate. Schizophrenia patients have specific difficulties identifying their feelings. These difficulties were related to symptoms of depression. Interventions specifically targeted at affect regulation and recognition of emotional state could promote emotional well-being in schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette van der Meer
- Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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37
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Aftanas L, Varlamov A. ASSOCIATIONS OF ALEXITHYMIA WITH ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR ACTIVATION ASYMMETRIES DURING EVOKED EMOTIONS: EEG EVIDENCE OF RIGHT HEMISPHERE "ELECTROCORTICAL EFFORT". Int J Neurosci 2009; 114:1443-62. [PMID: 15636355 DOI: 10.1080/00207450490509230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to examine alexithymia influence on regional cortical activity in nonpatient individuals during evoked emotions. The 62-channels EEG was recorded in non-alexithymic (n = 27) and alexithymic (n = 17) participants viewing emotional film clips. Effects of alexithymia were found in the upper theta, low and upper alpha frequency bands; in all the bands the alexithymics exhibited greater reactivity of the right hemisphere, suggesting enhanced avoidance motivational tendencies, negative affect, and autonomic arousal. Such a right-hemispheric "electrocortical effort" in alexithymia could reflect difficulties in symbolization of emotion resulting from impaired right-hemispheric analogical and global nonverbal emotional representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljubomir Aftanas
- Psychophysiology Laboratory, State Research Institute of Physiology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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38
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Bergmans Y, Spence JM, Strike C, Links PS, Ball JS, Rufo C, Rhodes AE, Watson WJ, Eynan R. Repeat substance-using suicidal clients-how can we be helpful? SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE 2009; 48:420-431. [PMID: 19396710 DOI: 10.1080/00981380802592013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Care of clients with mental health and substance abuse problems accounts for a significant proportion of all emergency department (ED) visits. This qualitative research project sought to understand the ED experiences of men with a history of suicidal behavior and substance abuse and those of the emergency personnel who work with them. Understanding the unique positions of care providers and this client population in the ED setting can assist the social worker to advocate for this highly vulnerable group of clients and to assist an interprofessional team to develop better crisis interventions.
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39
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Experiences of substance-using suicidal males who present frequently to the emergency department. CAN J EMERG MED 2008; 10:339-46. [PMID: 18652726 DOI: 10.1017/s1481803500010344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This qualitative study investigated the repeated use of the emergency department (ED) by men with a history of suicidal behaviour and substance abuse to understand the needs and barriers to care for this high-risk group. Identification of common themes from interviews with patients and health care workers can serve as a basis for improved ED-based interventions. METHODS Using semistructured interviews, patients, ED staff and family physicians were asked about needs of the aformentioned group. Twenty-five patients were interviewed and completed questionnaires regarding their substance use, aggression, parasuicidal behaviour, alexithymia and childhood trauma. In addition, 27 staff members were interviewed. Interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed and qualitatively analyzed using an iterative coding process. RESULTS Of the 25 patients, 23 (96%) had a mood or anxiety disorder and 18 (75%) had borderline personality disorder. One-half of the patients scored high and another quarter scored moderate on alexithymia testing. The ED was viewed as a last resort despite seeking help. Frustration was felt by both patients and staff regarding difficult communication, especially during an acute crisis. CONCLUSION The ED plays an important role in the provision of care for men with recurrent suicidal behaviour and substance abuse. Some of the diagnoses and problems faced by these patients are beyond the purview of the ED; however, staff can identify mutual goals for crisis interventions, allow for frequent communication and seek to de-escalate situations through the validation of the stress patients are experiencing.
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40
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Strike C, Rufo C, Spence J, Links P, Bergmans Y, Ball J, Rhodes AE, Watson W, Eynan R. Unintended Impact of Psychiatric Safe Rooms in Emergency Departments: The Experiences of Suicidal Males With Substance Use Disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1093/brief-treatment/mhn007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Bagby RM, Taylor GJ, Quilty LC, Parker JDA. Reexamining the factor structure of the 20-item Toronto alexithymia scale: commentary on Gignac, Palmer, and Stough. J Pers Assess 2008; 89:258-64. [PMID: 18001226 DOI: 10.1080/00223890701629771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Gignac, Palmer, and Stough (2007/this issue) test a number of different latent factor models for the TAS-20 using a community sample of 355 participants and conclude that this scale is best represented by a "nested factors model," with five substantive factors and a method factor. Gignac et al. also report that the correlated three-factor model and a comparable higher order model supported by most studies produced poor levels of incremental close fit. In this article, we challenge Gignac et al.'s unheralded and largely unsupported use of nested model fitting and the uncritical acceptance of exceptionally high cutoff levels to assess goodness of fit (GOF). Using more traditional and empirically supported model testing procedures and a more flexible approach to the interpretation of multiple tests of GOF, we interpret Gignac et al.'s results as actually supportive of the traditional three-factor model and one that has been recovered in 17 of the 24 factor analytic studies of the TAS-20.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Michael Bagby
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Canada.
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42
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Mirgain SA, Cordova JV. Emotion Skills and Marital Health: The Association Between Observed and Self–Reported Emotion Skills, Intimacy, and Marital Satisfaction. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2007.26.9.983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wachs K, Cordova JV. Mindful relating: exploring mindfulness and emotion repertoires in intimate relationships. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2007; 33:464-481. [PMID: 17935530 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-0606.2007.00032.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study tested the theory that mindfulness contributes to greater intimate relationship satisfaction by fostering more relationally skillful emotion repertoires. A sample of married couples was administered measures of mindful awareness, emotion skills, and marital quality. We hypothesized that mindfulness would be associated with both marital quality and partners' emotion skills and that the association between mindfulness and marital quality would be mediated by emotion repertoire skill. Findings suggested that emotion skills and mindfulness are both related to marital adjustment, and that skilled emotion repertoires, specifically those associated with identifying and communicating emotions, as well as the regulation of anger expression, fully mediate the association between mindfulness and marital quality. Theoretical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Wachs
- Frances L. Hiatt School of Psychology, Clark University, Worchester, MA 01610, USA.
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Pélissolo A, Rolland JP, Perez-Diaz F, Jouvent R, Allilaire JF. Évaluation dimensionnelle des émotions en psychiatrie : validation du questionnaire Émotionnalité positive et négative à 31 items (EPN-31). Encephale 2007; 33:256-63. [PMID: 17675921 DOI: 10.1016/s0013-7006(07)92037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper reports the first validation study of the EPN-31 scale (Positive and Negative Emotionality scale, 31 items) in a French psychiatric sample. This questionnaire has been adapted by Rolland from an emotion inventory developed by Diener, and is also in accordance with Watson and Clark's tripartite model of affects. METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS Respondents were asked to rate the frequency with which they had experienced each affect (31 basic emotional states) during the last month. The answer format was a 7-point scale, ranging from 1 "Not experienced at all" to 7 "Experienced this affect several times each day". Three main scores were calculated (positive affects, negative affects, and surprise affects), as well as six sub-scores (joy, tenderness, anger, fear, sadness, shame). Four hundred psychiatric patients were included in this study, and completed the EPN-31 scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale. The Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale was rated, as well as DSM IV diagnostic criteria. We performed a principal component analysis, with Varimax orthogonal transformation, and explored the factorial structure of the questionnaire, the internal consistency of each dimension, and the correlations between EPN-31 scores and HAD scores. RESULTS The factorial structure of the EPN-31 was well-defined as expected, with a three-factor (positive, negative and surprise affects) solution accounting for 58.2% of the variance of the questionnaire. No correlation was obtained between positive and negative affects EPN-31 scores (r=0.006). All alpha Cronbach coefficients were between 0.80 and 0.95 for main scores, and between 0.72 and 0.90 for sub-scores. GAF scores were significantly correlated with EPN-31 positive affects scores (r=0.21; p=0.001) and with EPN-31 negative affects scores (r=- 0.45; p=0.001). We obtained significant correlations between positive affects score and HAD depression score (r=- 0.45; p<0.001), and between negative affects score and HAD anxiety (r=0.56; p<0.001) and depression (r=0.45; p<0.001) scores. This pattern of correlation was in accordance with the Watson tripartite model of emotionality. Significantly higher EPN-31 positive affect mean scores were observed in females when compared to males (p<0.001). The third factor of the EPN-31 is less robust than the others and, the validity of the surprise score could hence be discussed. CONCLUSION In all, this study confirmed the validity and the interest of the EPN-31 use in psychiatric patients. Various clinical and research applications can be considered, such as infra-symptomatic studies of emotions in affective disorders and during treatment protocols or definition of phenotypic markers in genetic or neuro-imagery studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pélissolo
- Service de Psychiatrie Adulte et CNRS UMR 7593, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
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Eastwood JD, Cavaliere C, Fahlman SA, Eastwood AE. A desire for desires: Boredom and its relation to alexithymia. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2006.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Moriguchi Y, Maeda M, Igarashi T, Ishikawa T, Shoji M, Kubo C, Komaki G. Age and gender effect on alexithymia in large, Japanese community and clinical samples: a cross-validation study of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Biopsychosoc Med 2007; 1:7. [PMID: 17371586 PMCID: PMC1838425 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0759-1-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2006] [Accepted: 03/06/2007] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The construct validity of alexithymia and its assessment using the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) in Japan is unknown. Low reliability has been found for the third factor of the TAS-20 in some cultures, and the factor structure for psychosomatic disorder patients has not been adequately investigated. Although alexithymia most likely has certain developmental aspects, this has infrequently been investigated. Methods The newly-developed Japanese TAS-20 was administered to a normative sample (n = 2,718; 14–84 y.o.), along with the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) for cross validation. Psychosomatic patients (n = 1,924, 12–87 y.o.) were tested to evaluate the factor structure in a clinical sample. College students (n = 196) were used for a test-retest study. Internal reliability and consistency were assessed, and the factorial structure was evaluated using confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses for both the normative and the clinical samples. The correlations between the TAS-20 and the NEO-FFI factor scores were evaluated. Age-related and gender differences in the TAS-20 were explored using analysis of variance in the normative sample. Results The original three-factor model of the TAS-20 was confirmed to be valid for these Japanese samples, although a 4-factor solution that included negatively keyed items (NKI) as an additional factor was more effective. Significant correlations of the TAS-20 with the NEO-FFI were found, as has been previously reported. Factor analyses of the normative and patient samples showed similar patterns. The TAS-20 total, difficulty in identifying feelings (DIF), and difficulty in describing feelings (DDF) scores were high for teenagers, decreased with age, and from 30s did not change significantly. In contrast, externally oriented thinking (EOT) scores showed an almost linear positive correlation with age. DIF scores were higher for females, while EOT scores were higher for males, without any interaction between gender and age differences. Conclusion The original three-factor concept of the TAS-20 was generally supported for practical use. Age-related differences in TAS-20 scores indicate developmental aspects of alexithymia. Alexithymia is made up of two components with different developmental paths: DIF/DDF and EOT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiya Moriguchi
- Department of Psychosomatic Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-higashi Kodaira-City, 187-8551, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motonari Maeda
- College of Art and Design, Joshibi University of Art and Design, 1900 Asamizodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 228-8538, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Igarashi
- Department of Psychosomatic Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-higashi Kodaira-City, 187-8551, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Ishikawa
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Kohnodai Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8516, Japan
| | - Masayasu Shoji
- Department of Psychosomatic Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-higashi Kodaira-City, 187-8551, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiharu Kubo
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Gen Komaki
- Department of Psychosomatic Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-higashi Kodaira-City, 187-8551, Tokyo, Japan
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Miller MW, Resick PA. Internalizing and externalizing subtypes in female sexual assault survivors: implications for the understanding of complex PTSD. Behav Ther 2007; 38:58-71. [PMID: 17292695 PMCID: PMC2977529 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2006.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2005] [Accepted: 04/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study replicated and extended findings of internalizing and externalizing subtypes of posttraumatic psychopathology (Miller, M. W., Greif, J. L., & Smith, A. A. (2003). Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire profiles of veterans with traumatic combat exposure: Internalizing and externalizing subtypes. Psychological Assessment, 15, 205-215; Miller, M. W., Kaloupek, D. G., Dillon, A. L., & Keane, T.M. (2004). Externalizing and internalizing subtypes of combat-related PTSD: A replication and extension using the PSY-5 Scales. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113, 636-645) to a female sample of rape survivors with chronic PTSD. Cluster analyses of Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (Clark, L. A. (1996). SNAP-Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality: Manual for administration, scoring, and interpretation. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.) temperament scale profiles from 143 women with PTSD partitioned the sample into a simple PTSD cluster, defined by normal range personality scores and moderate symptomatology, and 2 more "complex" clusters distinguished by more severe tendencies towards externalizing or internalizing psychopathology. Externalizers were characterized by disinhibition, substance dependence, and Cluster B personality disorder features; internalizers by low positive temperament, high rates of major depressive disorder, and elevations on measures of schizoid and avoidant personality disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Miller
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, and Boston University, MA 02130, USA.
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Bergmans Y, Brown AL, Carruthers ASH. Advances in crisis management of the suicidal patient: perspectives from patients. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2007; 9:74-80. [PMID: 17257518 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-007-0013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper discusses crisis intervention with the suicidal client from the perspective of two clients who discuss both the strengths and challenges they have encountered while in crisis. The paper then discusses a model for understanding a suicidal crisis and a template for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Bergmans
- University of Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada.
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Mériau K, Wartenburger I, Kazzer P, Prehn K, Lammers CH, van der Meer E, Villringer A, Heekeren HR. A neural network reflecting individual differences in cognitive processing of emotions during perceptual decision making. Neuroimage 2006; 33:1016-27. [PMID: 16973382 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2006] [Revised: 06/25/2006] [Accepted: 07/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Even simple perceptual decisions are influenced by the emotional content of a stimulus. Recent neuroimaging studies provide evidence about the neural mechanisms of perceptual decision making on emotional stimuli. However, the effect of individual differences in cognitive processing of emotions on perceptual decision making remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated how changes in the fMRI signal during perceptual decision making on facial stimuli covaried with individual differences in the ability to identify and communicate one's emotional state. Although this personality trait covaried with changes in activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) during gender decisions on facial expressions, there was no correlation during emotion decisions. Further, we investigated whether individual differences in the ability to cognitively process emotions depend on differences in the functional integration of emotional and cognitive brain regions. We therefore compared task-dependent changes in effective connectivity of dACC in individuals with good and with poor ability to cognitively process emotions using a psychophysiological interaction analysis. We found greater coupling of dACC with prefrontal regions in individuals with good ability to identify and communicate their emotional state. Conversely, individuals with poor ability in this domain showed greater coupling of dACC with the amygdala. Our data indicate that individual differences in the ability to identify and communicate one's emotional state are reflected by altered effective connectivity of the dACC with prefrontal and limbic regions. Thus, we provide neurophysiological evidence for a theoretical model that posits that a discommunication between limbic areas and the neocortex impairs cognitive processing of emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Mériau
- Berlin NeuroImaging Center, Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
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Vermeulen N, Luminet O, Corneille O. Alexithymia and the automatic processing of affective information: Evidence from the affective priming paradigm. Cogn Emot 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/02699930500304654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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