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Liu PY. Rhythms in cortisol mediate sleep and circadian impacts on health. Sleep 2024; 47:zsae151. [PMID: 38963818 PMCID: PMC11381560 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsae151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Y Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Genomics Institute, The Lundquist Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
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2
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Carvalho-Moreira JP, de Oliveira Guarnieri L, Passos MC, Emrich F, Bargi-Souza P, Peliciari-Garcia RA, Moraes MFD. CircadiPy: An open-source toolkit for analyzing chronobiology time series. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 411:110245. [PMID: 39117154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronobiology is the scientific field focused on studying periodicity in biological processes. In mammals, most physiological variables exhibit circadian rhythmicity, such as metabolism, body temperature, locomotor activity, and sleep. The biological rhythmicity can be statistically evaluated by examining the time series and extracting parameters that correlate to the period of oscillation, its amplitude, phase displacement, and overall variability. NEW METHOD We have developed a library called CircadiPy, which encapsulates methods for chronobiological analysis and data inspection, serving as an open-access toolkit for the analysis and interpretation of chronobiological data. The package was designed to be flexible, comprehensive and scalable in order to assist research dealing with processes affected or influenced by rhythmicity. RESULTS The results demonstrate the toolkit's capability to guide users in analyzing chronobiological data collected from various recording sources, while also providing precise parameters related to the circadian rhythmicity. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS The analysis methodology from this proposed library offers an opportunity to inspect and obtain chronobiological parameters in a straightforward and cost-free manner, in contrast to commercial tools. CONCLUSIONS Moreover, being an open-source tool, it empowers the community with the opportunity to contribute with new functions, analysis methods, and graphical visualizations given the simplified computational method of time series data analysis using an easy and comprehensive pipeline within a single Python object.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Carvalho-Moreira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil; Centro de Tecnologia e Pesquisa em Magneto Ressonância, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Leonardo de Oliveira Guarnieri
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil; Centro de Tecnologia e Pesquisa em Magneto Ressonância, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Matheus Costa Passos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Felipe Emrich
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Paula Bargi-Souza
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Antonio Peliciari-Garcia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Setor de Morfofisiologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcio Flávio Dutra Moraes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil; Centro de Tecnologia e Pesquisa em Magneto Ressonância, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.
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3
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McHill AW, Melanson EL, Wright KP, Depner CM. Circadian misalignment disrupts biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk and promotes a hypercoagulable state. Eur J Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 39053917 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The circadian system regulates 24-h time-of-day patterns of cardiovascular physiology, with circadian misalignment resulting in adverse cardiovascular risk. Although many proteins in the coagulation-fibrinolysis axis show 24-h time-of-day patterns, it is not understood if these temporal patterns are regulated by circadian or behavioral (e.g., sleep and food intake) cycles, or how circadian misalignment influences these patterns. Thus, we utilized a night shiftwork protocol to analyze circadian versus behavioral cycle regulation of 238 plasma proteins linked to cardiovascular physiology. Six healthy men aged 26.2 ± 5.6 years (mean ± SD) completed the protocol involving two baseline days with 8-h nighttime sleep opportunities (circadian alignment), a transition to shiftwork day, followed by 2 days of simulated night shiftwork with 8-h daytime sleep opportunities (circadian misalignment). Plasma was collected for proteomics every 4 h across 24 h during baseline and during daytime sleep and the second night shift. Cosinor analyses identified proteins with circadian or behavioral cycle-regulated 24-h time-of-day patterns. Five proteins were circadian regulated (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, angiopoietin-2, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4, follistatin-related protein-3, and endoplasmic reticulum resident protein-29). No cardiovascular-related proteins showed regulation by behavioral cycles. Within the coagulation pathway, circadian misalignment decreased tissue factor pathway inhibitor, increased tissue factor, and induced a 24-h time-of-day pattern in coagulation factor VII (all FDR < 0.10). Such changes in protein abundance are consistent with changes observed in hypercoagulable states. Our analyses identify circadian regulation of proteins involved in cardiovascular physiology and indicate that acute circadian misalignment could promote a hypercoagulable state, possibly contributing to elevated cardiovascular disease risk among shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W McHill
- Sleep, Chronobiology, and Health Laboratory, School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Edward L Melanson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kenneth P Wright
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Christopher M Depner
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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4
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Zhang Y, Folarin AA, Sun S, Cummins N, Ranjan Y, Rashid Z, Stewart C, Conde P, Sankesara H, Laiou P, Matcham F, White KM, Oetzmann C, Lamers F, Siddi S, Simblett S, Vairavan S, Myin-Germeys I, Mohr DC, Wykes T, Haro JM, Annas P, Penninx BW, Narayan VA, Hotopf M, Dobson RJ. Longitudinal Assessment of Seasonal Impacts and Depression Associations on Circadian Rhythm Using Multimodal Wearable Sensing: Retrospective Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e55302. [PMID: 38941600 PMCID: PMC11245656 DOI: 10.2196/55302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous mobile health (mHealth) studies have revealed significant links between depression and circadian rhythm features measured via wearables. However, the comprehensive impact of seasonal variations was not fully considered in these studies, potentially biasing interpretations in real-world settings. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the associations between depression severity and wearable-measured circadian rhythms while accounting for seasonal impacts. METHODS Data were sourced from a large longitudinal mHealth study, wherein participants' depression severity was assessed biweekly using the 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8), and participants' behaviors, including sleep, step count, and heart rate (HR), were tracked via Fitbit devices for up to 2 years. We extracted 12 circadian rhythm features from the 14-day Fitbit data preceding each PHQ-8 assessment, including cosinor variables, such as HR peak timing (HR acrophase), and nonparametric features, such as the onset of the most active continuous 10-hour period (M10 onset). To investigate the association between depression severity and circadian rhythms while also assessing the seasonal impacts, we used three nested linear mixed-effects models for each circadian rhythm feature: (1) incorporating the PHQ-8 score as an independent variable, (2) adding seasonality, and (3) adding an interaction term between season and the PHQ-8 score. RESULTS Analyzing 10,018 PHQ-8 records alongside Fitbit data from 543 participants (n=414, 76.2% female; median age 48, IQR 32-58 years), we found that after adjusting for seasonal effects, higher PHQ-8 scores were associated with reduced daily steps (β=-93.61, P<.001), increased sleep variability (β=0.96, P<.001), and delayed circadian rhythms (ie, sleep onset: β=0.55, P=.001; sleep offset: β=1.12, P<.001; M10 onset: β=0.73, P=.003; HR acrophase: β=0.71, P=.001). Notably, the negative association with daily steps was more pronounced in spring (β of PHQ-8 × spring = -31.51, P=.002) and summer (β of PHQ-8 × summer = -42.61, P<.001) compared with winter. Additionally, the significant correlation with delayed M10 onset was observed solely in summer (β of PHQ-8 × summer = 1.06, P=.008). Moreover, compared with winter, participants experienced a shorter sleep duration by 16.6 minutes, an increase in daily steps by 394.5, a delay in M10 onset by 20.5 minutes, and a delay in HR peak time by 67.9 minutes during summer. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight significant seasonal influences on human circadian rhythms and their associations with depression, underscoring the importance of considering seasonal variations in mHealth research for real-world applications. This study also indicates the potential of wearable-measured circadian rhythms as digital biomarkers for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuezhou Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amos A Folarin
- Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at University College London Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shaoxiong Sun
- Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Cummins
- Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yatharth Ranjan
- Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zulqarnain Rashid
- Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Callum Stewart
- Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pauline Conde
- Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heet Sankesara
- Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Petroula Laiou
- Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Faith Matcham
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom
| | - Katie M White
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carolin Oetzmann
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Femke Lamers
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Mental Health Program, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sara Siddi
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
- Teaching Research and Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Simblett
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David C Mohr
- Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Til Wykes
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
- Teaching Research and Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Brenda Wjh Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Mental Health Program, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Vaibhav A Narayan
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, Titusville, NJ, United States
- Davos Alzheimer's Collaborative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Jb Dobson
- Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at University College London Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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5
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Ruiz-Herrera N, Friedman M, St. Hilaire MA, Arrona-Palacios A, Czeisler CA, Duffy JF. Time of Day and Sleep Deprivation Effects on Risky Decision Making. Clocks Sleep 2024; 6:281-290. [PMID: 38920421 PMCID: PMC11202614 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep6020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous research has revealed that daily variations in human neurobehavioral functions are driven in part by the endogenous circadian system. The objective of this study was to explore whether there exists a circadian influence on performance regarding a risky decision-making task and to determine whether the performance changes with sleep deprivation (SD). Thirteen participants underwent a 39 h constant routine (CR) protocol, during which they remained awake in constant conditions and performed the BART (balloon analogue risk task) every two hours. The mean pumps (gains) (p < 0.001) and balloons popped (losses) (p = 0.003) exhibited variation during the CR. The reaction time (RT) also showed significant variation across the CR (p < 0.001), with slower mean RTs in the morning hours following SD. A greater risk propensity was observed around midday before SD and a lower risk propensity after 29.5 h of being awake. The sensitivity to punishment varied during the CR, but did not follow a predictable trend. Further research using real monetary incentives and neurophysiological measures is warranted to elucidate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Ruiz-Herrera
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.R.-H.); (M.A.S.H.)
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mia Friedman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.R.-H.); (M.A.S.H.)
| | - Melissa A. St. Hilaire
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.R.-H.); (M.A.S.H.)
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Computer and Data Sciences, School of Engineering and Computational Sciences, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA 01845, USA
| | - Arturo Arrona-Palacios
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.R.-H.); (M.A.S.H.)
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Charles A. Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.R.-H.); (M.A.S.H.)
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeanne F. Duffy
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.R.-H.); (M.A.S.H.)
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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6
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Kervezee L, Dashti HS, Pilz LK, Skarke C, Ruben MD. Using routinely collected clinical data for circadian medicine: A review of opportunities and challenges. PLOS DIGITAL HEALTH 2024; 3:e0000511. [PMID: 38781189 PMCID: PMC11115276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
A wealth of data is available from electronic health records (EHR) that are collected as part of routine clinical care in hospitals worldwide. These rich, longitudinal data offer an attractive object of study for the field of circadian medicine, which aims to translate knowledge of circadian rhythms to improve patient health. This narrative review aims to discuss opportunities for EHR in studies of circadian medicine, highlight the methodological challenges, and provide recommendations for using these data to advance the field. In the existing literature, we find that data collected in real-world clinical settings have the potential to shed light on key questions in circadian medicine, including how 24-hour rhythms in clinical features are associated with-or even predictive of-health outcomes, whether the effect of medication or other clinical activities depend on time of day, and how circadian rhythms in physiology may influence clinical reference ranges or sampling protocols. However, optimal use of EHR to advance circadian medicine requires careful consideration of the limitations and sources of bias that are inherent to these data sources. In particular, time of day influences almost every interaction between a patient and the healthcare system, creating operational 24-hour patterns in the data that have little or nothing to do with biology. Addressing these challenges could help to expand the evidence base for the use of EHR in the field of circadian medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kervezee
- Group of Circadian Medicine, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hassan S. Dashti
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Luísa K. Pilz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine CCM / CVK, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- ECRC Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Skarke
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (ITMAT), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute (CSI), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Marc D. Ruben
- Divisions of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine and Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
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7
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Faraci FM, Scheer FA. Hypertension: Causes and Consequences of Circadian Rhythms in Blood Pressure. Circ Res 2024; 134:810-832. [PMID: 38484034 PMCID: PMC10947115 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.323515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension is extremely common, affecting approximately 1 in every 2 adults globally. Chronic hypertension is the leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature mortality worldwide. Despite considerable efforts to define mechanisms that underlie hypertension, a potentially major component of the disease, the role of circadian biology has been relatively overlooked in both preclinical models and humans. Although the presence of daily and circadian patterns has been observed from the level of the genome to the whole organism, the functional and structural impact of biological rhythms, including mechanisms such as circadian misalignment, remains relatively poorly defined. Here, we review the impact of daily rhythms and circadian systems in regulating blood pressure and the onset, progression, and consequences of hypertension. There is an emphasis on the impact of circadian biology in relation to vascular disease and end-organ effects that, individually or in combination, contribute to complex phenotypes such as cognitive decline and the loss of cardiac and brain health. Despite effective treatment options for some individuals, control of blood pressure remains inadequate in a substantial portion of the hypertensive population. Greater insight into circadian biology may form a foundation for novel and more widely effective molecular therapies or interventions to help in the prevention, treatment, and management of hypertension and its related pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank M. Faraci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1081
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1081
| | - Frank A.J.L. Scheer
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
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8
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Zitting KM, Isherwood CM, Yuan RK, Wang W, Vujovic N, Münch M, Cain SW, Williams JS, Buxton OM, Czeisler CA, Duffy JF. Eating during the biological night is associated with nausea. Sleep Health 2024; 10:S144-S148. [PMID: 37730474 PMCID: PMC10947563 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study assessed whether there was a time-of-day effect on nausea reports in participants during studies employing circadian protocols. METHODS Visual-analog-scales of nausea ratings were recorded from 34 participants (18-70years; 18 women) during forced desynchrony studies, where meals were scheduled at different circadian phases. Subjective nausea reports from a further 81 participants (18-35years; 36 women) were recorded during constant routine studies, where they ate identical isocaloric hourly snacks for 36-40 hours. RESULTS Feelings of nausea varied by circadian phase in the forced desynchrony studies, peaking during the biological night. Nausea during the constant routine was reported by 27% of participants, commencing 2.9 ± 5.2 hours after the midpoint of usual sleep timing, but was never reported to start in the evening (4-9 PM). CONCLUSIONS Nausea occurred more often during the biological night and early morning hours. This timing is relevant to overnight and early morning shift workers and suggests that a strategy to counteract that is to pay careful attention to meal timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi-Marja Zitting
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Cheryl M Isherwood
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robin K Yuan
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nina Vujovic
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Miriam Münch
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sean W Cain
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan S Williams
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Orfeu M Buxton
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeanne F Duffy
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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9
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Specht A, Kolosov G, Cederberg KLJ, Bueno F, Arrona-Palacios A, Pardilla-Delgado E, Ruiz-Herrera N, Zitting KM, Kramer A, Zeitzer JM, Czeisler CA, Duffy JF, Mignot E. Circadian protein expression patterns in healthy young adults. Sleep Health 2024; 10:S41-S51. [PMID: 38087675 PMCID: PMC11031319 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore how the blood plasma proteome fluctuates across the 24-hour day and identify a subset of proteins that show endogenous circadian rhythmicity. METHODS Plasma samples from 17 healthy adults were collected hourly under controlled conditions designed to unmask endogenous circadian rhythmicity; in a subset of 8 participants, we also collected samples across a day on a typical sleep-wake schedule. A total of 6916 proteins were analyzed from each sample using the SomaScan aptamer-based multiplexed platform. We used differential rhythmicity analysis based on a cosinor model with mixed effects to identify a subset of proteins that showed circadian rhythmicity in their abundance. RESULTS One thousand and sixty-three (15%) proteins exhibited significant daily rhythmicity. Of those, 431 (6.2%) proteins displayed consistent endogenous circadian rhythms on both a sleep-wake schedule and under controlled conditions: it included both known and novel proteins. When models were fitted with two harmonics, an additional 259 (3.7%) proteins exhibited significant endogenous circadian rhythmicity, indicating that some rhythmic proteins cannot be solely captured by a simple sinusoidal model. Overall, we found that the largest number of proteins had their peak levels in the late afternoon/evening, with another smaller group peaking in the early morning. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals that hundreds of plasma proteins exhibit endogenous circadian rhythmicity in humans. Future analyses will likely reveal novel physiological pathways regulated by circadian clocks and pave the way for improved diagnosis and treatment for patients with circadian disorders and other pathologies. It will also advance efforts to include knowledge about time-of-day, thereby incorporating circadian medicine into personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Specht
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - German Kolosov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Katie L J Cederberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Flavia Bueno
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Arturo Arrona-Palacios
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Enmanuelle Pardilla-Delgado
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Noelia Ruiz-Herrera
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kirsi-Marja Zitting
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Achim Kramer
- Division of Chronobiology, Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jamie M Zeitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeanne F Duffy
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Emmanuel Mignot
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.
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10
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Broussard JL, Knud-Hansen BC, Grady S, Knauer OA, Ronda JM, Aeschbach D, Czeisler CA, Wright KP. Influence of circadian phase and extended wakefulness on glucose levels during forced desynchrony. Sleep Health 2024; 10:S96-S102. [PMID: 37996284 PMCID: PMC11031343 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Circadian misalignment and sleep deprivation often occur in tandem, and both negatively impact glucose homeostasis and metabolic health. The present study employed a forced desynchrony protocol to examine the influence of extended wakefulness and circadian misalignment on hourly glucose levels. METHODS Nine healthy adults (4F/5M; 26 ± 4years) completed a 31-day in-laboratory protocol. After three 24 hour baseline days with 8 hours scheduled sleep opportunities, participants were scheduled to 14 consecutive 42.85 hour sleep-wake cycles, with 28.57 hours extended wakefulness and 14.28 hours sleep opportunities each cycle. Blood was sampled hourly across the forced desynchrony and over 600 plasma samples per participant were analyzed for glucose levels. RESULTS Both hours into the 42.85 hours forced desynchrony day and circadian phase modulated glucose levels (p < .0001). Glucose peaked after each meal during scheduled wakefulness and decreased during scheduled sleep/fasting. Glucose levels were, on average, lowest during the biological daytime and rose throughout the biological night, peaking in the biological morning. When analyzed separately for scheduled sleep vs. wakefulness, the peak timing of the circadian rhythm in glucose was later during sleep (p < .05). Glucose area under the curve levels increased rapidly from the beginning of the forced desynchrony protocol and were highest on the second forced desynchrony day (p < .01), returning towards forced desynchrony day 1 levels thereafter. CONCLUSIONS These findings have important implications for understanding factors contributing to altered glucose metabolism during sleep loss and circadian misalignment, and for potential physiological adaptation of metabolism in healthy adults, who are increasingly exposed to such conditions in our society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane L Broussard
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA; Sleep and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
| | - Brent C Knud-Hansen
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA; Sleep and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Scott Grady
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Portland Diabetes and Endocrinology Center, PC, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Oliver A Knauer
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Joseph M Ronda
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Aeschbach
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Sleep and Human Factors Research, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Kenneth P Wright
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA; Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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11
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Klerman EB, Wright KP, Duffy JF, Scheer FAJL, Chang AM, Czeisler CA, Rajaratnam SM. A perspective on the Festschrift of Charles A. Czeisler, PhD MD. Sleep Health 2024; 10:S4-S10. [PMID: 38331654 PMCID: PMC11031332 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B Klerman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Kenneth P Wright
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology., University of Colorado Boulder, USA
| | - Jeanne F Duffy
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Chang
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shantha Mw Rajaratnam
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Kosmadopoulos A, Boudreau P, Kervezee L, Boivin DB. Circadian Adaptation of Melatonin and Cortisol in Police Officers Working Rotating Shifts. J Biol Rhythms 2024; 39:49-67. [PMID: 37750410 PMCID: PMC10785562 DOI: 10.1177/07487304231196280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Misalignment of behavior and circadian rhythms due to night work can impair sleep and waking function. While both simulated and field-based studies suggest that circadian adaptation to a nocturnal schedule is slow, the rates of adaptation in real-world shift-work conditions are still largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of adaptation of 24-h rhythms with 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) and cortisol in police officers working rotating shifts, with a special attention to night shifts. A total of 76 police officers (20 women; aged 32 ± 5.4 years, mean ± SD) from the province of Quebec, Canada, participated in a field study during their 28- or 35-day work cycle. Urine samples were collected for ~32 h before a series of day, evening, and night shifts to assess circadian phase. Before day, evening, and night shifts, 60%-89% of officers were adapted to a day schedule based on aMT6 rhythms, and 71%-78% were adapted based on cortisol rhythms. To further quantify the rate of circadian adaptation to night shifts, initial and final phases were determined in a subset of 37 officers with suitable rhythms for both hormones before and after 3-8 consecutive shifts (median = 7). Data were analyzed with circular and linear mixed-effects models. After night shifts, 30% and 24% of officers were adapted to a night-oriented schedule for aMT6s and cortisol, respectively. Significantly larger phase-delay shifts (aMT6s: -7.3 ± 0.9 h; cortisol: -6.3 ± 0.8 h) were observed in police officers who adapted to night shifts than in non-adapted officers (aMT6s: 0.8 ± 0.9 h; cortisol: 0.2 ± 1.1 h). Consistent with prior research, our results from both urinary aMT6s and cortisol midpoints indicate that a large proportion of police officers remained in a state of circadian misalignment following a series of night shifts in dim-light working environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasi Kosmadopoulos
- Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Appleton Institute for Behavioural Sciences, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Philippe Boudreau
- Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laura Kervezee
- Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Diane B. Boivin
- Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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13
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Scheuermaier K, Chang AM, Duffy JF. Sleep-independent circadian rhythm of aldosterone secretion in healthy young adults. Sleep Health 2024; 10:S103-S107. [PMID: 38065818 PMCID: PMC11031291 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A diurnal variation in urine output has been described in humans, whereby it is lowest at night. Fluid balance hormones such as vasopressin and aldosterone as well as urine output have a diurnal variation. Although the diurnal variation of vasopressin results in part from a circadian rhythm, the variation in aldosterone has until recently been reported to be due to the sleep/wake cycle. The present study used a specialized protocol to explore whether aldosterone has an underlying circadian rhythm. METHODS Ten healthy participants (average age 23.1) were enrolled in the 57.3-hour protocol that included an 8-hour baseline sleep episode, 40 hours in constant routine conditions (wakefulness, food and fluid intake, posture, and dim light), and a 9.3-hour recovery sleep. Blood samples for aldosterone were taken every 4 hours. Cosinor analysis was performed on the constant routine data to test the effect of the sleep/wake cycle on overall aldosterone secretion. RESULTS There was a significant circadian rhythm during the 40-hour constant routine, independent of sleep, with aldosterone higher at the end of the biological night and lower at the end of the biological day. When analyzing data from the entire 57.3-hour protocol and controlling for this circadian rhythm, aldosterone concentration was significantly higher during the recovery night following the 40-hour sleep deprivation compared to the night spent awake. CONCLUSION We found a significant endogenous circadian rhythm in the secretion of aldosterone, independent of sleep. In addition, as shown previously, there was a significant effect of the sleep/wake cycle on aldosterone secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Scheuermaier
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Division of Sleep Medicine - Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Wits Sleep Laboratory, Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Anne-Marie Chang
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Division of Sleep Medicine - Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Biobehavioral Health, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeanne F Duffy
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Division of Sleep Medicine - Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Franken P, Dijk DJ. Sleep and circadian rhythmicity as entangled processes serving homeostasis. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:43-59. [PMID: 38040815 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00764-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is considered essential for the brain and body. A predominant concept is that sleep is regulated by circadian rhythmicity and sleep homeostasis, processes that were posited to be functionally and mechanistically separate. Here we review and re-evaluate this concept and its assumptions using findings from recent human and rodent studies. Alterations in genes that are central to circadian rhythmicity affect not only sleep timing but also putative markers of sleep homeostasis such as electroencephalogram slow-wave activity (SWA). Perturbations of sleep change the rhythmicity in the expression of core clock genes in tissues outside the central clock. The dynamics of recovery from sleep loss vary across sleep variables: SWA and immediate early genes show an early response, but the recovery of non-rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep follows slower time courses. Changes in the expression of many genes in response to sleep perturbations outlast the effects on SWA and time spent asleep. These findings are difficult to reconcile with the notion that circadian- and sleep-wake-driven processes are mutually independent and that the dynamics of sleep homeostasis are reflected in a single variable. Further understanding of how both sleep and circadian rhythmicity contribute to the homeostasis of essential physiological variables may benefit from the assessment of multiple sleep and molecular variables over longer time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Franken
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Derk-Jan Dijk
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research and Technology Centre, Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
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15
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Gobert F, Corneyllie A, Bastuji H, Berthomier C, Thevenet M, Abernot J, Raverot V, Dailler F, Guérin C, Gronfier C, Luauté J, Perrin F. Twenty-four-hour rhythmicities in disorders of consciousness are associated with a favourable outcome. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1213. [PMID: 38030756 PMCID: PMC10687012 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05588-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluctuations of consciousness and their rhythmicities have been rarely studied in patients with a disorder of consciousness after acute brain injuries. 24-h assessment of brain (EEG), behaviour (eye-opening), and circadian (clock-controlled hormones secretion from urine) functions was performed in acute brain-injured patients. The distribution, long-term predictability, and rhythmicity (circadian/ultradian) of various EEG features were compared with the initial clinical status, the functional outcome, and the circadian rhythmicities of behaviour and clock-controlled hormones. Here we show that more physiological and favourable patterns of fluctuations are associated with a higher 24 h predictability and sharp up-and-down shape of EEG switches, reminiscent of the Flip-Flop model of sleep. Multimodal rhythmic analysis shows that patients with simultaneous circadian rhythmicity for brain, behaviour, and hormones had a favourable outcome. Finally, both re-emerging EEG fluctuations and homogeneous 24-h cycles for EEG, eye-opening, and hormones appeared as surrogates for preserved functionality in brainstem and basal forebrain, which are key prognostic factors for later improvement. While the recovery of consciousness has previously been related to a high short-term complexity, we suggest in this exploratory study the importance of the high predictability of the 24 h long-term generation of brain rhythms and highlight the importance of circadian body-brain rhythms in awakening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Gobert
- Neuro-Intensive care unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neurological hospital Pierre-Wertheimer, 59 Boulevard Pinel, Bron, France.
- Trajectoires Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292), Bâtiment Inserm 16 avenue Doyen Lépine, Bron, France.
- CAP Team (Cognition Auditive et Psychoacoustique), Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292), 95 boulevard Pinel, Bron, France.
| | - Alexandra Corneyllie
- CAP Team (Cognition Auditive et Psychoacoustique), Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292), 95 boulevard Pinel, Bron, France
| | - Hélène Bastuji
- Sleep medicine centre, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, F-69677, France
- Neuropain Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292), 59 Boulevard Pinel, Bron, France
| | | | - Marc Thevenet
- CAP Team (Cognition Auditive et Psychoacoustique), Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292), 95 boulevard Pinel, Bron, France
| | - Jonas Abernot
- CAP Team (Cognition Auditive et Psychoacoustique), Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292), 95 boulevard Pinel, Bron, France
| | - Véronique Raverot
- Hormone Laboratory, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neurological hospital Pierre-Wertheimer, 59 Boulevard Pinel, Bron, France
| | - Frédéric Dailler
- Neuro-Intensive care unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neurological hospital Pierre-Wertheimer, 59 Boulevard Pinel, Bron, France
| | - Claude Guérin
- Intensive care unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Croix-Rousse hospital, 103 Grande-Rue de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
- Intensive care unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Édouard Herriot hospital, 5 Place d'Arsonval, 69003, Lyon, France
| | - Claude Gronfier
- Waking team (Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal Systems), Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, INSERM UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jacques Luauté
- Trajectoires Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292), Bâtiment Inserm 16 avenue Doyen Lépine, Bron, France
- Neuro-rehabilitation unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neurological hospital Pierre-Wertheimer, 59 Boulevard Pinel, Bron, France
| | - Fabien Perrin
- CAP Team (Cognition Auditive et Psychoacoustique), Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292), 95 boulevard Pinel, Bron, France
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16
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Negoro H, Nakamoto I, Uiji S, Matsushima Y, Mathis BJ, Kanikowska D, Wakamura T. Diurnal differences in urine flow in healthy young men in a light-controlled environment: a randomized crossover design. J Physiol Anthropol 2023; 42:27. [PMID: 37978565 PMCID: PMC10655426 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-023-00346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older men often experience nocturnal urination difficulties, reflected by diurnal differences in maximum urine flow (Qmax). Since lower urinary tract symptoms and pathological comorbidities are frequent in older men, it remains unclear whether this diurnal variation is a physiological or pathological phenomenon. Our aim was to quantify the diurnal variability of Qmax in healthy young participants under varying daylight conditions in a stable environment to discern potential underlying causes of nocturnal urination difficulties. METHODS Twenty-one healthy young men were recruited in a 4-day study utilizing daytime (08:00-18:00) exposure with two light conditions in randomized order: dim (< 50 lx) or bright (~2500 lx). Day 1 was for acclimation, and urine flow was assessed from day 2. The participants urinated ad libitum during day 2 and then at fixed 3-4-h intervals thereafter (days 3-4). Regular urination Qmax at late night (04:00) on day 4 was compared with the nearest voided volume during daytime of day 3 (mDay). RESULTS Morning Qmax scores (after bed-11:00) on day 2 were significantly lower than evening (17:00-before pre-sleep) in bright conditions and those of daytime (11:00-17:00), evening (17:00-before pre-sleep), and pre-sleep in dim conditions. Pre-sleep Qmax during the ad libitum period was significantly higher in dim than bright conditions. Late-night Qmax values (04:00) on day 4 were significantly lower than Qmax scores of mDay on day 3 in both light conditions. CONCLUSIONS Healthy young men had a clear diurnal Qmax difference that decreased during late night and morning. In addition, the pre-sleep Qmax values in dim daylight were significantly higher than in bright daylight. Taken together, we conclude that late-night and morning decreases in Qmax are an instinctive physiological phenomenon in humans, and the diurnal difference of Qmax can be influenced by daylight conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Negoro
- Department of Urology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Isuzu Nakamoto
- Department of Gerontological and Home Healthcare Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Sayaka Uiji
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Matsushima
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Bryan J Mathis
- International Medical Center, University of Tsukuba Affiliated Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Dominika Kanikowska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomoko Wakamura
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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17
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Gosch A, Bhardwaj A, Courts C. TrACES of time: Transcriptomic analyses for the contextualization of evidential stains - Identification of RNA markers for estimating time-of-day of bloodstain deposition. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2023; 67:102915. [PMID: 37598452 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2023.102915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining forensically relevant information beyond who deposited a biological stain on how and under which circumstances it was deposited is a question of increasing importance in forensic molecular biology. In the past few years, several studies have been produced on the potential of gene expression analysis to deliver relevant contextualizing information, e.g. on nature and condition of a stain as well as aspects of stain deposition timing. However, previous attempts to predict the time-of-day of sample deposition were all based on and thus limited by previously described diurnal oscillators. Herein, we newly approached this goal by applying current sequencing technologies and statistical methods to identify novel candidate markers for forensic time-of-day predictions from whole transcriptome analyses. To this purpose, we collected whole blood samples from ten individuals at eight different time points throughout the day, performed whole transcriptome sequencing and applied biostatistical algorithms to identify 81 mRNA markers with significantly differential expression as candidates to predict the time of day. In addition, we performed qPCR analysis to assess the characteristics of a subset of 13 candidate predictors in dried and aged blood stains. While we demonstrated the general possibility of using the selected candidate markers to predict time-of-day of sample deposition, we also observed notable variation between different donors and storage conditions, highlighting the relevance of employing accurate quantification methods in combination with robust normalization procedures.This study's results are foundational and may be built upon when developing a targeted assay for time-of-day predictions from forensic blood samples in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gosch
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - A Bhardwaj
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - C Courts
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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18
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Tyagi S, Resnick NM, Clarkson BD, Zhang G, Krafty RT, Perera S, Subramanya AR, Buysse DJ. Impact of sleep on chronobiology of micturition among healthy older adults. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F407-F417. [PMID: 37560770 PMCID: PMC10639023 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00025.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nocturia (waking to void) is prevalent among older adults. Disruption of the well-described circadian rhythm in urine production with higher nighttime urine output is its most common cause. In young adults, their circadian rhythm is modulated by the 24-h secretory pattern of hormones that regulate salt and water excretion, including antidiuretic hormone (ADH), renin, angiotensin, aldosterone, and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). The pattern of hormone secretion is less clear in older adults. We investigated the effect of sleep on the 24-h secretion of these hormones in healthy older adults. Thirteen participants aged ≥65 yr old underwent two 24-h protocols at a clinical research center 6 wk apart. The first used a habitual wake-sleep protocol, and the second used a constant routine protocol that removed the influence of sleep, posture, and diet. To assess hormonal rhythms, plasma was collected at 8:00 am, 12:00 pm, 4:00 pm, and every 30 min from 7:00 pm to 7:00 am. A mixed-effects regression model was used to compare subject-specific and mean trajectories of hormone secretion under the two conditions. ADH, aldosterone, and ANP showed a diurnal rhythm that peaked during sleep in the wake-sleep protocol. These nighttime elevations were significantly attenuated within subjects during the constant routine. We conclude that sleep has a masking effect on circadian rhythm amplitude of ADH, aldosterone, and ANP: the amplitude of each is increased in the presence of sleep and reduced in the absence of sleep. Disrupted sleep could potentially alter nighttime urine output in healthy older adults via this mechanism.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Nocturia (waking to void) is the most common cause of sleep interruption among older adults, and increased nighttime urine production is its primary etiology. We showed that in healthy older adults sleep affects the 24-h secretory rhythm of hormones that regulate salt-water balance, which potentially alters nighttime urine output. Further studies are needed to elucidate the impact of chronic insomnia on the secretory rhythms of these hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shachi Tyagi
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Neil M Resnick
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Becky D Clarkson
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Gehui Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Robert T Krafty
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Subashan Perera
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Arohan R Subramanya
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Daniel J Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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19
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Lok R, Duran M, Zeitzer JM. Moving time zones in a flash with light therapy during sleep. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14458. [PMID: 37660233 PMCID: PMC10475014 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41742-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, exposure to continuous light is typically used to change the timing of the circadian clock. This study examines the efficiency of a sequence of light flashes ("flash therapy") applied during sleep to shift the clock. Healthy participants (n = 10) took part in two 36-h laboratory stays, receiving a placebo (goggles, no light) during one visit and the intervention (goggles, 2-ms flashes broad-spectrum light for 60 min, delivered every 15 s, starting 30 min after habitual sleep onset) during the other. Circadian phase shift was assessed with changes in salivary dim light melatonin onset (DLMO). Sleep, measured with polysomnography, was analyzed to assess changes in sleep architecture and spectral power. After 1 h of flashes, DLMO showed a substantial delay (1.13 ± 1.27 h) compared to placebo (12 ± 20 min). Two individuals exhibited very large shifts of 6.4 and 3.1 h. There were no substantive differences in sleep architecture, but some evidence for greater instability in sleep. 1 h of flash therapy during sleep evokes large changes in circadian timing, up to 6 h, and does so with only minimal, if any, impact on sleep. Flash therapy may offer a practical option to delay the circadian clock in shift workers and jet travelers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renske Lok
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Marisol Duran
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Jamie M Zeitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
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20
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Rahman SA, Gathungu RM, Marur VR, St Hilaire MA, Scheuermaier K, Belenky M, Struble JS, Czeisler CA, Lockley SW, Klerman EB, Duffy JF, Kristal BS. Age-related changes in circadian regulation of the human plasma lipidome. Commun Biol 2023; 6:756. [PMID: 37474677 PMCID: PMC10359364 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging alters the amplitude and phase of centrally regulated circadian rhythms. Here we evaluate whether peripheral circadian rhythmicity in the plasma lipidome is altered by aging through retrospective lipidomics analysis on plasma samples collected in 24 healthy individuals (9 females; mean ± SD age: 40.9 ± 18.2 years) including 12 younger (4 females, 23.5 ± 3.9 years) and 12 middle-aged older, (5 females, 58.3 ± 4.2 years) individuals every 3 h throughout a 27-h constant routine (CR) protocol, which allows separating evoked changes from endogenously generated oscillations in physiology. Cosinor regression shows circadian rhythmicity in 25% of lipids in both groups. On average, the older group has a ~14% lower amplitude and a ~2.1 h earlier acrophase of the lipid circadian rhythms (both, p ≤ 0.001). Additionally, more rhythmic circadian lipids have a significant linear component in addition to the sinusoidal across the 27-h CR in the older group (44/56) compared to the younger group (18/58, p < 0.0001). Results from individual-level data are consistent with group-average results. Results indicate that prevalence of endogenous circadian rhythms of the human plasma lipidome is preserved with healthy aging into middle-age, but significant changes in rhythmicity include a reduction in amplitude, earlier acrophase, and an altered temporal relationship between central and lipid rhythms.
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Grants
- R01 HL128538 NHLBI NIH HHS
- T32 HL007901 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 AG006072 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 HD107064 NICHD NIH HHS
- U01 NS114001 NINDS NIH HHS
- R01 HL132556 NHLBI NIH HHS
- UL1 TR001102 NCATS NIH HHS
- UL1 RR025758 NCRR NIH HHS
- R01 HL162102 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 HL166205 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 HL159207 NHLBI NIH HHS
- U54 AG062322 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 NS114526 NINDS NIH HHS
- R01 HL140335 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 HL114088 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 NS099055 NINDS NIH HHS
- R21 DA052861 NIDA NIH HHS
- R03 AG071922 NIA NIH HHS
- The work was supported by grants from the NIH: R01-HL132556 (BSK), R01-HL140335 (BSK), R01-HL114088 (EBK), R01-AG06072 (JFD), and R01-HL159207 (SAR). KS was supported by a T32 HL07901 and a NIA F32 AG316902. EBK was supported by NIH R01NS099055, U01NS114001, U54AG062322, R21DA052861, R21DA052861, R01NS114526-02S1, R01-HD107064, DoD W81XWH201076; and Leducq Foundation for Cardiovascular Research. The clinical research projects described were supported by NIH grant 1UL1 TR001102-01, 8UL1TR000170-05, UL1 RR025758, Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center, from the National Center for Advancing Translational Science. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Center for Research Resources, the National Center for Advancing Translational Science or the National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadab A Rahman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Rose M Gathungu
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Enara Bio, The Magdalen Centre, Oxford Science Park, 1 Robert Robinson Avenue, Oxford, OX4 4GA, UK
| | - Vasant R Marur
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc, 320 Bent St, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Melissa A St Hilaire
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Computer and Data Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, Merrimack College, 315 Turnpike Street, North Andover, MA, 01845, USA
| | - Karine Scheuermaier
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Marina Belenky
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jackson S Struble
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Steven W Lockley
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Klerman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jeanne F Duffy
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bruce S Kristal
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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21
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Arrona-Palacios A, Lee JH, Czeisler CA, Duffy JF. The Timing of the Melatonin Onset and Phase Angle to Sleep Onset in Older Adults after Uncontrolled vs. Controlled Lighting Conditions. Clocks Sleep 2023; 5:350-357. [PMID: 37489435 PMCID: PMC10366720 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep5030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to explore how melatonin onset timing and phase angle to bedtime in healthy older adults are impacted by prior light exposure. A total of 13 healthy older (ages 56-74) individuals were studied on two successive evenings. Prior to the first evening, the participants were in self-selected lighting conditions for the first 4-6 h of the day and then were in dim light (3 lux) until their scheduled bedtime. On the second day, individuals from Project A remained in the dim lighting conditions throughout the entire day but those in Project B were in more typical indoor lighting (~90 lux) throughout the day. On both evenings, hourly blood samples were collected and assayed for melatonin, and melatonin onset timing and phase angle to sleep onset was determined. Overall, melatonin onset was earlier and the phase angle was larger on Night 1 than on Night 2. In Project A there was no significant difference between melatonin onset on night 1 vs. night 2. However, in Project B melatonin onset was significantly later on Night 2 (in typical indoor lighting) than on Night 1 (in dim lighting). Our results suggest that in older people, uncontrolled bright light early in the day did not impact the timing of dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) when assessed later that same evening. However, in older adults, exposure to ordinary room light during melatonin phase assessment appeared to suppress melatonin, leading to a later observed time of melatonin onset, as has been reported previously for young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Arrona-Palacios
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.A.-P.); (J.-H.L.); (C.A.C.)
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jung-Hie Lee
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.A.-P.); (J.-H.L.); (C.A.C.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chunchon 200-947, Republic of Korea
| | - Charles A. Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.A.-P.); (J.-H.L.); (C.A.C.)
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeanne F. Duffy
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.A.-P.); (J.-H.L.); (C.A.C.)
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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22
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Crodelle J, Vanty C, Booth V. Modeling homeostatic and circadian modulation of human pain sensitivity. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1166203. [PMID: 37360178 PMCID: PMC10285085 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1166203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mathematical modeling has played a significant role in understanding how homeostatic sleep pressure and the circadian rhythm interact to influence sleep-wake behavior. Pain sensitivity is also affected by these processes, and recent experimental results have measured the circadian and homeostatic components of the 24 h rhythm of thermal pain sensitivity in humans. To analyze how rhythms in pain sensitivity are affected by disruptions in sleep behavior and shifts in circadian rhythms, we introduce a dynamic mathematical model for circadian and homeostatic regulation of sleep-wake states and pain intensity. Methods The model consists of a biophysically based, sleep-wake regulation network model coupled to data-driven functions for the circadian and homeostatic modulation of pain sensitivity. This coupled sleep-wake-pain sensitivity model is validated by comparison to thermal pain intensities in adult humans measured across a 34 h sleep deprivation protocol. Results We use the model to predict dysregulation of pain sensitivity rhythms across different scenarios of sleep deprivation and circadian rhythm shifts, including entrainment to new environmental light and activity timing as occurs with jet lag and chronic sleep restriction. Model results show that increases in pain sensitivity occur under conditions of increased homeostatic sleep drive with nonlinear modulation by the circadian rhythm, leading to unexpected decreased pain sensitivity in some scenarios. Discussion This model provides a useful tool for pain management by predicting alterations in pain sensitivity due to varying or disrupted sleep schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Crodelle
- Department of Mathematics, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, United States
| | - Carolyn Vanty
- Department of Mathematics, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, United States
| | - Victoria Booth
- Departments of Mathematics and Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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23
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Mason SL, Junges L, Woldman W, Facer-Childs ER, de Campos BM, Bagshaw AP, Terry JR. Classification of human chronotype based on fMRI network-based statistics. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1147219. [PMID: 37342462 PMCID: PMC10277557 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1147219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronotype-the relationship between the internal circadian physiology of an individual and the external 24-h light-dark cycle-is increasingly implicated in mental health and cognition. Individuals presenting with a late chronotype have an increased likelihood of developing depression, and can display reduced cognitive performance during the societal 9-5 day. However, the interplay between physiological rhythms and the brain networks that underpin cognition and mental health is not well-understood. To address this issue, we use rs-fMRI collected from 16 people with an early chronotype and 22 people with a late chronotype over three scanning sessions. We develop a classification framework utilizing the Network Based-Statistic methodology, to understand if differentiable information about chronotype is embedded in functional brain networks and how this changes throughout the day. We find evidence of subnetworks throughout the day that differ between extreme chronotypes such that high accuracy can occur, describe rigorous threshold criteria for achieving 97.3% accuracy in the Evening and investigate how the same conditions hinder accuracy for other scanning sessions. Revealing differences in functional brain networks based on extreme chronotype suggests future avenues of research that may ultimately better characterize the relationship between internal physiology, external perturbations, brain networks, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L. Mason
- School of Mathematics, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Systems Modelling and Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Leandro Junges
- Centre for Systems Modelling and Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Wessel Woldman
- Centre for Systems Modelling and Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elise R. Facer-Childs
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Danny Frawley Centre for Health and Wellbeing, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Human Brain Health, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew P. Bagshaw
- Centre for Human Brain Health, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - John R. Terry
- Centre for Systems Modelling and Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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24
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Baum L, Johns M, Poikela M, Möller R, Ananthasubramaniam B, Prasser F. Data integration and analysis for circadian medicine. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13951. [PMID: 36790321 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Data integration, data sharing, and standardized analyses are important enablers for data-driven medical research. Circadian medicine is an emerging field with a particularly high need for coordinated and systematic collaboration between researchers from different disciplines. Datasets in circadian medicine are multimodal, ranging from molecular circadian profiles and clinical parameters to physiological measurements and data obtained from (wearable) sensors or reported by patients. Uniquely, data spanning both the time dimension and the spatial dimension (across tissues) are needed to obtain a holistic view of the circadian system. The study of human rhythms in the context of circadian medicine has to confront the heterogeneity of clock properties within and across subjects and our inability to repeatedly obtain relevant biosamples from one subject. This requires informatics solutions for integrating and visualizing relevant data types at various temporal resolutions ranging from milliseconds and seconds to minutes and several hours. Associated challenges range from a lack of standards that can be used to represent all required data in a common interoperable form, to challenges related to data storage, to the need to perform transformations for integrated visualizations, and to privacy issues. The downstream analysis of circadian rhythms requires specialized approaches for the identification, characterization, and discrimination of rhythms. We conclude that circadian medicine research provides an ideal environment for developing innovative methods to address challenges related to the collection, integration, visualization, and analysis of multimodal multidimensional biomedical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Baum
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Johns
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maija Poikela
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Möller
- Institute of Information Systems, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Fabian Prasser
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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25
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Isherwood CM, van der Veen DR, Hassanin H, Skene DJ, Johnston JD. Human glucose rhythms and subjective hunger anticipate meal timing. Curr Biol 2023; 33:1321-1326.e3. [PMID: 36822203 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms, metabolism, and nutrition are closely linked.1 Timing of a three-meal daily feeding pattern synchronizes some human circadian rhythms.2 Despite animal data showing anticipation of food availability, linked to a food-entrainable oscillator,3 it is unknown whether human physiology predicts mealtimes and restricted food availability. In a controlled laboratory protocol, we tested the hypothesis that the human circadian system anticipates large meals. Twenty-four male participants undertook an 8-day laboratory study, with strict sleep-wake schedules, light-dark schedules, and food intake. For 6 days, participants consumed either hourly small meals throughout the waking period or two large daily meals (7.5 and 14.5 h after wake-up). All participants then undertook a 37-h constant routine. Interstitial glucose was measured every 15 min throughout the protocol. Hunger was assessed hourly during waking periods. Saliva melatonin was measured in the constant routine. During the 6-day feeding pattern, both groups exhibited increasing glucose concentration early each morning. In the small meal group, glucose concentrations continued to increase across the day. However, in the large meal group, glucose concentrations decreased from 2 h after waking until the first meal. Average 24-h glucose concentration did not differ between groups. In the constant routine, there was no difference in melatonin onset between groups, but antiphasic glucose rhythms were observed, with low glucose at the time of previous meals in the large meal group. Moreover, in the large meal group, constant routine hunger scores increased before the predicted meal times. These data support the existence of human food anticipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl M Isherwood
- Section of Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Daan R van der Veen
- Section of Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Hana Hassanin
- Clinical Research Facility, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XP, UK
| | - Debra J Skene
- Section of Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Jonathan D Johnston
- Section of Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK.
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26
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Wang W, Yuan RK, Mitchell JF, Zitting KM, St Hilaire MA, Wyatt JK, Scheer FAJL, Wright KP, Brown EN, Ronda JM, Klerman EB, Duffy JF, Dijk DJ, Czeisler CA. Desynchronizing the sleep---wake cycle from circadian timing to assess their separate contributions to physiology and behaviour and to estimate intrinsic circadian period. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:579-603. [PMID: 36376588 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00746-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Circadian clocks drive cyclic variations in many aspects of physiology, but some daily variations are evoked by periodic changes in the environment or sleep-wake state and associated behaviors, such as changes in posture, light levels, fasting or eating, rest or activity and social interactions; thus, it is often important to quantify the relative contributions of these factors. Yet, circadian rhythms and these evoked effects cannot be separated under typical 24-h day conditions, because circadian phase and the length of time awake or asleep co-vary. Nathaniel Kleitman's forced desynchrony (FD) protocol was designed to assess endogenous circadian rhythmicity and to separate circadian from evoked components of daily rhythms in multiple parameters. Under FD protocol conditions, light intensity is kept low to minimize its impact on the circadian pacemaker, and participants have sleep-wake state and associated behaviors scheduled to an imposed non-24-h cycle. The period of this imposed cycle, Τ, is chosen so that the circadian pacemaker cannot entrain to it and therefore continues to oscillate at its intrinsic period (τ, ~24.15 h), ensuring circadian components are separated from evoked components of daily rhythms. Here we provide detailed instructions and troubleshooting techniques on how to design, implement and analyze the data from an FD protocol. We provide two procedures: one with general guidance for designing an FD study and another with more precise instructions for replicating one of our previous FD studies. We discuss estimating circadian parameters and quantifying the separate contributions of circadian rhythmicity and the sleep-wake cycle, including statistical analysis procedures and an R package for conducting the non-orthogonal spectral analysis method that enables an accurate estimation of period, amplitude and phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Sleep Medicine and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Robin K Yuan
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jude F Mitchell
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kirsi-Marja Zitting
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa A St Hilaire
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James K Wyatt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth P Wright
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Emery N Brown
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Data Systems and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joseph M Ronda
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Klerman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeanne F Duffy
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Derk-Jan Dijk
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research and Technology Centre, Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Lane JM, Qian J, Mignot E, Redline S, Scheer FAJL, Saxena R. Genetics of circadian rhythms and sleep in human health and disease. Nat Rev Genet 2023; 24:4-20. [PMID: 36028773 PMCID: PMC10947799 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-022-00519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms and sleep are fundamental biological processes integral to human health. Their disruption is associated with detrimental physiological consequences, including cognitive, metabolic, cardiovascular and immunological dysfunctions. Yet many of the molecular underpinnings of sleep regulation in health and disease have remained elusive. Given the moderate heritability of circadian and sleep traits, genetics offers an opportunity that complements insights from model organism studies to advance our fundamental molecular understanding of human circadian and sleep physiology and linked chronic disease biology. Here, we review recent discoveries of the genetics of circadian and sleep physiology and disorders with a focus on those that reveal causal contributions to complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Lane
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jingyi Qian
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emmanuel Mignot
- Center for Narcolepsy, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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28
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Optimizing Light Flash Sequence Duration to Shift Human Circadian Phase. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121807. [PMID: 36552316 PMCID: PMC9775356 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Unlike light input for forming images, non-image-forming retinal pathways are optimized to convey information about the total light environment, integrating this information over time and space. In a variety of species, discontinuous light sequences (flashes) can be effective stimuli, notably impacting circadian entrainment. In this study, we examined the extent to which this temporal integration can occur. A group of healthy, young (n = 20) individuals took part in a series of 16-day protocols in which we examined the impact of different lengths of light flash sequences on circadian timing. We find a significant phase change of -0.70 h in response to flashes that did not differ by duration; a 15-min sequence could engender as much change in circadian timing as 3.5-h sequences. Acute suppression of melatonin was also observed during short (15-min) exposures, but not in exposures over one hour in length. Our data are consistent with the theory that responses to light flashes are mediated by the extrinsic, rod/cone pathway, and saturate the response of this pathway within 15 min. Further excitation leads to no greater change in circadian timing and an inability to acutely suppress melatonin, indicating that this pathway may be in a refractory state following this brief light stimulation.
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Klerman EB, Brager A, Carskadon MA, Depner CM, Foster R, Goel N, Harrington M, Holloway PM, Knauert MP, LeBourgeois MK, Lipton J, Merrow M, Montagnese S, Ning M, Ray D, Scheer FAJL, Shea SA, Skene DJ, Spies C, Staels B, St‐Onge M, Tiedt S, Zee PC, Burgess HJ. Keeping an eye on circadian time in clinical research and medicine. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1131. [PMID: 36567263 PMCID: PMC9790849 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daily rhythms are observed in humans and almost all other organisms. Most of these observed rhythms reflect both underlying endogenous circadian rhythms and evoked responses from behaviours such as sleep/wake, eating/fasting, rest/activity, posture changes and exercise. For many research and clinical purposes, it is important to understand the contribution of the endogenous circadian component to these observed rhythms. CONTENT The goal of this manuscript is to provide guidance on best practices in measuring metrics of endogenous circadian rhythms in humans and promote the inclusion of circadian rhythms assessments in studies of health and disease. Circadian rhythms affect all aspects of physiology. By specifying minimal experimental conditions for studies, we aim to improve the quality, reliability and interpretability of research into circadian and daily (i.e., time-of-day) rhythms and facilitate the interpretation of clinical and translational findings within the context of human circadian rhythms. We describe protocols, variables and analyses commonly used for studying human daily rhythms, including how to assess the relative contributions of the endogenous circadian system and other daily patterns in behaviours or the environment. We conclude with recommendations for protocols, variables, analyses, definitions and examples of circadian terminology. CONCLUSION Although circadian rhythms and daily effects on health outcomes can be challenging to distinguish in practice, this distinction may be important in many clinical settings. Identifying and targeting the appropriate underlying (patho)physiology is a medical goal. This review provides methods for identifying circadian effects to aid in the interpretation of published work and the inclusion of circadian factors in clinical research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B. Klerman
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Division of Sleep MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Allison Brager
- PlansAnalysis, and FuturesJohn F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and SchoolFort BraggNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Mary A. Carskadon
- Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityDepartment of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorEP Bradley HospitalChronobiology and Sleep ResearchProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | | | - Russell Foster
- Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience InstituteNuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Namni Goel
- Biological Rhythms Research LaboratoryDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Mary Harrington
- Neuroscience ProgramSmith CollegeNorthamptonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Melissa P. Knauert
- Section of PulmonaryCritical Care, and Sleep MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Monique K. LeBourgeois
- Sleep and Development LaboratoryDepartment of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Jonathan Lipton
- Boston Children's Hospital and Kirby Neurobiology CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Martha Merrow
- Institute of Medical PsychologyFaculty of MedicineLMUMunichGermany
| | - Sara Montagnese
- Department of MedicineUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
- ChronobiologyFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordUK
| | - Mingming Ning
- Clinical Proteomics Research Center and Cardio‐Neurology DivisionMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - David Ray
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
- Oxford Centre for DiabetesEndocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Frank A. J. L. Scheer
- Division of Sleep MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Medical Chronobiology ProgramDivision of Sleep and Circadian DisordersDepartments of Medicine and NeurologyBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Steven A. Shea
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health SciencesOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Debra J. Skene
- ChronobiologyFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordUK
| | - Claudia Spies
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care MedicineCharité – Universitaetsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Bart Staels
- UnivLilleInsermCHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleU1011‐EGIDLilleFrance
| | - Marie‐Pierre St‐Onge
- Division of General Medicine and Center of Excellence for Sleep and Circadian ResearchDepartment of MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Steffen Tiedt
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia ResearchUniversity HospitalLMUMunichGermany
| | - Phyllis C. Zee
- Center for Circadian and Sleep MedicineDivision of Sleep MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Helen J. Burgess
- Sleep and Circadian Research LaboratoryDepartment of PsychiatryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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Abstract
Sleep serves important biological functions, and influences health and longevity through endocrine and metabolic related systems. Sleep debt, circadian misalignment and sleep disruption from obstructive sleep apnea is widespread in modern society and accumulates with life because recovery sleep is not completely restorative. Accumulated disordered sleep throughout life impacts the ageing process and the development of age-related diseases. When epidemiological and interventional studies are considered collectively, sleep loss and lower sleep duration are associated with lower morning, afternoon and 24-h testosterone; as well as higher afternoon, but not morning or 24-h cortisol. These reciprocal changes imbalances anabolic-catabolic signaling because testosterone and cortisol are respectively the main anabolic and catabolic signals in man. Fixing testosterone-cortisol balance by means of a novel dual-hormone clamp mitigates the induction of insulin resistance by sleep restriction and provided the first proof-of-concept that the metabolic harm from sleep loss can be ameliorated by approaches that do not require sleeping more. Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with lower testosterone, even after controlling for age and obesity whereas the conclusion that continuous positive airway pressure therapy has no effect on testosterone is premature because available studies are underpowered and better-quality studies suggest otherwise. High dose testosterone therapy induces OSA, but more physiological dosing may not; and this effect may be transient or may dissipate with longer term therapy. Studies investigating the origin of the diurnal testosterone rhythm, the effect of circadian misalignment on testosterone-cortisol balance, and methods to mitigate metabolic harm, are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Y Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Harbor UCLA Medical Center and The Lundquist Institute, 1124 W Carson St., Box 446, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA.
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Radha T Reddy
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Harbor UCLA Medical Center and The Lundquist Institute, 1124 W Carson St., Box 446, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We discuss the relationship between sleep and circadian factors with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, including physiologic, behavioral, and psychological mechanisms along this pathway. RECENT FINDINGS The relationship between short and long sleep duration, as well as insomnia, with CVD risk is well-established. Recent work has highlighted how other sleep factors, such as sleep regularity (i.e., consistency of sleep timing), multidimensional sleep health, and circadian factors like chronotype and social jetlag, relate to CVD risk. Sleep-focused interventions (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia and sleep extension) may be effective to reduce CVD risk and disease burden. Sleep is increasingly recognized as an integral component of cardiovascular health. This was underscored by the recent inclusion of sleep duration as a health behavior in the American Heart Association's Life's Essential 8 for defining optimal cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Belloir
- School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nour Makarem
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ari Shechter
- Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 West 168th Street, 9th Floor, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Center of Excellence for Sleep & Circadian Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Boots R, Xue G, Tromp D, Rawashdeh O, Bellapart J, Townsend S, Rudd M, Winter C, Mitchell G, Garner N, Clement P, Karamujic N, Zappala C. Circadian Rhythmicity of Vital Signs at Intensive Care Unit Discharge and Outcome of Traumatic Brain Injury. Am J Crit Care 2022; 31:472-482. [PMID: 36316179 DOI: 10.4037/ajcc2022821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physiological functions with circadian rhythmicity are often disrupted during illness. OBJECTIVE To assess the utility of circadian rhythmicity of vital signs in predicting outcome of traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS A retrospective single-center cohort study of adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients with largely isolated TBI to explore the relationship between the circadian rhythmicity of vital signs during the last 24 hours before ICU discharge and clinical markers of TBI severity and score on the Glasgow Outcome Scale 6 months after injury (GOS-6). RESULTS The 130 study participants had a median age of 39.0 years (IQR, 23.0-59.0 years), a median Glasgow Coma Scale score at the scene of 8.0 (IQR, 3.0-13.0), and a median Rotterdam score on computed tomography of the head of 3 (IQR, 3-3), with 105 patients (80.8%) surviving to hospital discharge. Rhythmicity was present for heart rate (30.8% of patients), systolic blood pressure (26.2%), diastolic blood pressure (20.0%), and body temperature (26.9%). Independent predictors of a dichotomized GOS-6 ≥4 were the Rotterdam score (odds ratio [OR], 0.38 [95% CI, 0.18-0.81]; P = .01), Glasgow Coma Scale score at the scene (OR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.05-1.41]; P = .008), age (OR, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.92-0.98]; P = .003), oxygen saturation <90% in the first 24 hours (OR, 0.19 [95% CI, 0.05-0.73]; P = .02), serum sodium level <130 mmol/L (OR, 0.20 [95% CI, 0.05-0.70]; P = .01), and active intracranial pressure management (OR, 0.16 [95% CI, 0.04-0.62]; P = .008), but not rhythmicity of any vital sign. CONCLUSION Circadian rhythmicity of vital signs at ICU discharge is not predictive of GOS-6 in patients with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Boots
- Rob Boots is an associate professor, Thoracic Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, a senior specialist, Intensive Care, Bundaberg Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, and a professsor, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - George Xue
- George Xue is the medical registrar, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital
| | - Dirk Tromp
- Dirk Tromp is the senior radiology registrar, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital
| | - Oliver Rawashdeh
- Oliver Rawashdeh is director, Chronobiology and Sleep Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland
| | - Judith Bellapart
- Judith Bellapart is a senior specialist, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, and Burns, Trauma, and Critical Care, The University of Queensland
| | - Shane Townsend
- Shane Townsend is director, Intensive Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital
| | - Michael Rudd
- Michael Rudd is acting director, Trauma, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital
| | - Craig Winter
- Craig Winter is a staff specialist neurosurgeon, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital
| | - Gary Mitchell
- Gary Mitchell is a staff specialist, Emergency Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital
| | - Nicholas Garner
- Nicholas Garner is a PhD student, Chronobiology and Sleep Research Lab, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland
| | - Pierre Clement
- Pierre Clement is a clinical information systems manager, Intensive Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital
| | - Nermin Karamujic
- Nermin Karamujic is a data manager and clinical information systems manager, Intensive Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital
| | - Christopher Zappala
- Christopher Zappala is a senior staff specialist, Thoracic Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital
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Yousefzadehfard Y, Wechsler B, DeLorenzo C. Human circadian rhythm studies: Practical guidelines for inclusion/exclusion criteria and protocol. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2022; 13:100080. [PMID: 35989718 PMCID: PMC9382328 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2022.100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
As interest in circadian rhythms and their effects continues to grow, there is an increasing need to perform circadian studies in humans. Although the constant routine is the gold standard for these studies, there are advantages to performing more naturalistic studies. Here, a review of protocols for such studies is provided along with sample inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sleep routines, drug use, shift work, and menstrual cycle are addressed as screening considerations. Regarding protocol, best practices for measuring melatonin, including light settings, posture, exercise, and dietary habits are described. The inclusion/exclusion recommendations and protocol guidelines are intended to reduce confounding variables in studies that do not involve the constant routine. Given practical limitations, a range of recommendations is provided from stringent to lenient. The scientific rationale behind these recommendations is discussed. However, where the science is equivocal, recommendations are based on empirical decisions made in previous studies. While not all of the recommendations listed may be practical in all research settings and with limited potential participants, the goal is to allow investigators to make well informed decisions about their screening procedures and protocol techniques and to improve rigor and reproducibility, in line with the objectives of the National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashar Yousefzadehfard
- Center for Understanding Biology Using Imaging Technology, Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Midland, TX, USA
| | - Bennett Wechsler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Christine DeLorenzo
- Center for Understanding Biology Using Imaging Technology, Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Kelly MR, Yuen F, Satterfield BC, Auchus RJ, Gaddameedhi S, Van Dongen HPA, Liu PY. Endogenous Diurnal Patterns of Adrenal and Gonadal Hormones During a 24-Hour Constant Routine After Simulated Shift Work. J Endocr Soc 2022; 6:bvac153. [PMID: 36330292 PMCID: PMC9620969 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Night-shift work causes circadian misalignment, predicts the development of metabolic diseases, and complicates the interpretation of hormone measurements. Objective To investigate endogenous circadian rhythms, dissociated from behavioral and environmental confounds, in adrenal and gonadal steroids after simulated shift work. Methods Fourteen healthy adults (ages 25.8 ± 3.2 years) were randomized to 3 days of night or day (control) shift work followed by a constant routine protocol designed to experimentally unveil rhythms driven endogenously by the central circadian pacemaker. Blood was sampled every 3 hours for 24 hours during the constant routine to concurrently obtain 16 Δ4 steroid profiles by mass spectrometry. Cosinor analyses of these profiles provided mesor (mean abundance), amplitude (oscillation magnitude), and acrophase (peak timing). Results Night-shift work marginally increased cortisol by 1 μg/dL (P = 0.039), and inactive/weak derivatives cortisone (P = 0.003) and 18-hydroxycortisol (P < 0.001), but did not alter the mesor of potent androgens testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone. Adrenal-derived steroids, including 11-ketotestosterone (P < 0.01), showed robust circadian rhythmicity after either day- or night-shift work. In contrast, testosterone and progesterone showed no circadian pattern after both shift work conditions. Night-shift work did not alter the amplitude or acrophase of any of the steroid profiles. Conclusion Experimental circadian misalignment had minimal effects on steroidogenesis. Adrenal steroids, but not gonadal hormones, showed endogenous circadian regulation robust to prior shift schedule. This dichotomy may predispose night-shift workers to metabolic ill health. Furthermore, adrenal steroids, including cortisol and the main adrenal androgen 11-ketostosterone, should always be evaluated during the biological morning whereas assessment of gonadal steroids, particularly testosterone, is dependent on the shift-work schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica R Kelly
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, North Hills, CA, USA
| | - Fiona Yuen
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Brieann C Satterfield
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Richard J Auchus
- Division of Metabolism, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shobhan Gaddameedhi
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Hans P A Van Dongen
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Peter Y Liu
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
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Parrino L, Halasz P, Szucs A, Thomas RJ, Azzi N, Rausa F, Pizzarotti S, Zilioli A, Misirocchi F, Mutti C. Sleep medicine: Practice, challenges and new frontiers. Front Neurol 2022; 13:966659. [PMID: 36313516 PMCID: PMC9616008 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.966659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep medicine is an ambitious cross-disciplinary challenge, requiring the mutual integration between complementary specialists in order to build a solid framework. Although knowledge in the sleep field is growing impressively thanks to technical and brain imaging support and through detailed clinic-epidemiologic observations, several topics are still dominated by outdated paradigms. In this review we explore the main novelties and gaps in the field of sleep medicine, assess the commonest sleep disturbances, provide advices for routine clinical practice and offer alternative insights and perspectives on the future of sleep research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liborio Parrino
- Department of General and Specialized Medicine, Sleep Disorders Center, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
- *Correspondence: Liborio Parrino
| | - Peter Halasz
- Szentagothai János School of Ph.D Studies, Clinical Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Szucs
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Robert J. Thomas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nicoletta Azzi
- Department of General and Specialized Medicine, Sleep Disorders Center, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Rausa
- Department of General and Specialized Medicine, Sleep Disorders Center, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neurology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Pizzarotti
- Department of General and Specialized Medicine, Sleep Disorders Center, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zilioli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neurology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Misirocchi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neurology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlotta Mutti
- Department of General and Specialized Medicine, Sleep Disorders Center, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neurology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Mun CJ, Burgess HJ, Sears DD, Parthasarathy S, James D, Altamirano U, Sajith S, Lakhotia A, Fillingim RB, Youngstedt SD. Circadian Rhythm and Pain: a Review of Current Research and Future Implications. CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40675-022-00228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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37
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Blessing EM, Parekh A, Betensky RA, Babb J, Saba N, Debure L, Varga AW, Ayappa I, Rapoport DM, Butler TA, de Leon MJ, Wisniewski T, Lopresti BJ, Osorio RS. Association between lower body temperature and increased tau pathology in cognitively normal older adults. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 171:105748. [PMID: 35550158 PMCID: PMC9751849 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies suggest body temperature (Tb) and consequently brain temperature has the potential to bidirectionally interact with tau pathology in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Tau phosphorylation is substantially increased by a small (<1 °C) decrease in temperature within the human physiological range, and thermoregulatory nuclei are affected by tau pathology early in the AD continuum. In this study we evaluated whether Tb (as a proxy for brain temperature) is cross-sectionally associated with clinically utilized markers of tau pathology in cognitively normal older adults. METHODS Tb was continuously measured with ingestible telemetry sensors for 48 h. This period included two nights of nocturnal polysomnography to delineate whether Tb during waking vs sleep is differentially associated with tau pathology. Tau phosphorylation was assessed with plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (P-tau), sampled the day following Tb measurement. In addition, neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) burden in early Braak stage regions was imaged with PET-MR using the [18F]MK-6240 radiotracer on average one month later. RESULTS Lower Tb was associated with increased NFT burden, as well as increased plasma and CSF P-tau levels (p < 0.05). NFT burden was associated with lower Tb during waking (p < 0.05) but not during sleep intervals. Plasma and CSF P-tau levels were highly correlated with each other (p < 0.05), and both variables were correlated with tau tangle radiotracer uptake (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results, the first available for human, suggest that lower Tb in older adults may be associated with increased tau pathology. Our findings add to the substantial preclinical literature associating lower body and brain temperature with tau hyperphosphorylation. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER NCT03053908.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther M Blessing
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.
| | - Ankit Parekh
- Mount Sinai Integrative Sleep Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States of America.
| | - Rebecca A Betensky
- Department of NYU School of Global Public Health, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.
| | - James Babb
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.
| | - Natalie Saba
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.
| | - Ludovic Debure
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.
| | - Andrew W Varga
- Mount Sinai Integrative Sleep Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States of America.
| | - Indu Ayappa
- Mount Sinai Integrative Sleep Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States of America.
| | - David M Rapoport
- Mount Sinai Integrative Sleep Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States of America.
| | - Tracy A Butler
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States of America.
| | - Mony J de Leon
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States of America.
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.
| | - Brian J Lopresti
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America.
| | - Ricardo S Osorio
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States of America; Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.
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Groeger JA, Lo JCY, Santhi N, Lazar AS, Dijk DJ. Contrasting Effects of Sleep Restriction, Total Sleep Deprivation, and Sleep Timing on Positive and Negative Affect. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:911994. [PMID: 36062257 PMCID: PMC9433122 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.911994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory-based sleep manipulations show asymmetries between positive and negative affect, but say little about how more specific moods might change. We report extensive analyzes of items from the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) during days following nights of chronic sleep restriction (6 h sleep opportunity), during 40 h of acute sleep deprivation under constant routine conditions, and during a week-long forced desynchrony protocol in which participants lived on a 28-h day. Living in the laboratory resulted in medium effects sizes on all positive moods (Attentiveness, General Positive Affect, Joviality, Assuredness), with a general deterioration as the days wore on. These effects were not found with negative moods. Sleep restriction reduced some positive moods, particularly Attentiveness (also General Positive), and increased Hostility. A burden of chronic sleep loss also led to lower positive moods when participants confronted the acute sleep loss challenge, and all positive moods, as well as Fearfulness, General Negative Affect and Hostility were affected. Sleeping at atypical circadian phases resulted in mood changes: all positive moods reduced, Hostility and General Negative Affect increased. Deteriorations increased the further participants slept from their typical nocturnal sleep. In most cases the changes induced by chronic or acute sleep loss or mistimed sleep waxed or waned across the waking day, with linear or various non-linear trends best fitting these time-awake-based changes. While extended laboratory stays do not emulate the fluctuating emotional demands of everyday living, these findings demonstrate that even in controlled settings mood changes systematically as sleep is shortened or mistimed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Groeger
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: John A. Groeger,
| | - June C-Y. Lo
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nayantara Santhi
- Northumbria Sleep Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Alpar S. Lazar
- School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Derk-Jan Dijk
- Surrey Sleep Research Center, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research and Technology Center, Imperial College London and University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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39
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Yang Y, Truong ND, Eshraghian JK, Nikpour A, Kavehei O. Weak self-supervised learning for seizure forecasting: a feasibility study. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220374. [PMID: 35950196 PMCID: PMC9346358 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes an artificial intelligence system that continuously improves over time at event prediction using initially unlabelled data by using self-supervised learning. Time-series data are inherently autocorrelated. By using a detection model to generate weak labels on the fly, which are concurrently used as targets to train a prediction model on a time-shifted input data stream, this autocorrelation can effectively be harnessed to reduce the burden of manual labelling. This is critical in medical patient monitoring, as it enables the development of personalized forecasting models without demanding the annotation of long sequences of physiological signal recordings. We perform a feasibility study on seizure prediction, which is identified as an ideal test case, as pre-ictal brainwaves are patient-specific, and tailoring models to individual patients is known to improve forecasting performance significantly. Our self-supervised approach is used to train individualized forecasting models for 10 patients, showing an average relative improvement in sensitivity by 14.30% and a reduction in false alarms by 19.61% in early seizure forecasting. This proof-of-concept on the feasibility of using a continuous stream of time-series neurophysiological data paves the way towards a low-power neuromorphic neuromodulation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikai Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, and the Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, Faculty of EngineeringThe University of Sydney Nano Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Nhan Duy Truong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, and the Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, Faculty of EngineeringThe University of Sydney Nano Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Jason K. Eshraghian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Armin Nikpour
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Service and Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Omid Kavehei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, and the Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, Faculty of EngineeringThe University of Sydney Nano Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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40
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Erickson ML, Wang W, Counts J, Redman LM, Parker D, Huebner JL, Dunn J, Kraus WE. Field-Based Assessments of Behavioral Patterns During Shiftwork in Police Academy Trainees Using Wearable Technology. J Biol Rhythms 2022; 37:260-271. [PMID: 35416084 DOI: 10.1177/07487304221087068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Circadian misalignment, as occurs in shiftwork, is associated with numerous negative health outcomes. Here, we sought to improve data labeling accuracy from wearable technology using a novel data pre-processing algorithm in 27 police trainees during shiftwork. Secondarily, we explored changes in four metabolic salivary biomarkers of circadian rhythm during shiftwork. Using a two-group observational study design, participants completed in-class training during dayshift for 6 weeks followed by either dayshift or nightshift field-training for 6 weeks. Using our novel algorithm, we imputed labels of circadian misaligned sleep episodes that occurred during daytime, which were previously were mislabeled as non-sleep by Garmin, supported by algorithm performance analysis. We next assessed changes to resting heart rate and sleep regularity index during dayshift versus nightshift field-training. We also examined changes in field-based assessments of salivary cortisol, uric acid, testosterone, and melatonin during dayshift versus nightshift. Compared to dayshift, nightshift workers experienced larger changes to resting heart rate, sleep regularity index (indicating reduced sleep regularity), and alterations in sleep/wake activity patterns accompanied by blunted salivary cortisol. Salivary uric acid and testosterone did not change. These findings show wearable technology combined with specialized data pre-processing can be used to monitor changes in behavioral patterns during shiftwork.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Will Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Julie Counts
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Leanne M Redman
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Daniel Parker
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Janet L Huebner
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jessilyn Dunn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - William E Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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41
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Circadian and Sleep Modulation of Dreaming in Women with Major Depression. Clocks Sleep 2022; 4:114-128. [PMID: 35323166 PMCID: PMC8947272 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates an association between reduced dream recall and depressive symptomatology. Here, we tested the prediction that reduced dream recall in individuals experiencing major depressive disorder (MDD) is due to alterations in circadian and sleep processes. Nine young healthy women (20−31 years) and eight young unmedicated women (20−31 years) diagnosed with MDD underwent a 40 h multiple nap protocol with ten alternating cycles of 150 min wake/75 min sleep under a stringently controlled circadian laboratory protocol. After each nap, we assessed dream recall, number of dreams and dream emotional load using the Sleep Mentation Questionnaire. Dream recall and the number of dreams did not significantly differ between groups (pFDR > 0.1). However, there was a significant difference for the dream emotional load (interaction of “Group” vs. “Time”, pFDR = 0.01). Women with MDD had a two-fold higher (negative) emotional load as compared to healthy control women, particularly after naps during the circadian night (between ~22:00 h and ~05:00 h; Tukey−Kramer test, p = 0.009). Furthermore, higher (negative) dream emotional load was associated with impaired mood levels in both groups (R2 = 0.71; p < 0.001). Our findings suggest that the circadian and sleep modulation of dreaming may remain intact in unmedicated young women experiencing MDD.
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Working around the Clock: Is a Person’s Endogenous Circadian Timing for Optimal Neurobehavioral Functioning Inherently Task-Dependent? Clocks Sleep 2022; 4:23-36. [PMID: 35225951 PMCID: PMC8883919 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurobehavioral task performance is modulated by the circadian and homeostatic processes of sleep/wake regulation. Biomathematical modeling of the temporal dynamics of these processes and their interaction allows for prospective prediction of performance impairment in shift-workers and provides a basis for fatigue risk management in 24/7 operations. It has been reported, however, that the impact of the circadian rhythm—and in particular its timing—is inherently task-dependent, which would have profound implications for our understanding of the temporal dynamics of neurobehavioral functioning and the accuracy of biomathematical model predictions. We investigated this issue in a laboratory study designed to unambiguously dissociate the influences of the circadian and homeostatic processes on neurobehavioral performance, as measured during a constant routine protocol preceded by three days on either a simulated night shift or a simulated day shift schedule. Neurobehavioral functions were measured every 3 h using three functionally distinct assays: a digit symbol substitution test, a psychomotor vigilance test, and the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale. After dissociating the circadian and homeostatic influences and accounting for inter-individual variability, peak circadian performance occurred in the late biological afternoon (in the “wake maintenance zone”) for all three neurobehavioral assays. Our results are incongruent with the idea of inherent task-dependent differences in the endogenous circadian impact on performance. Rather, our results suggest that neurobehavioral functions are under top-down circadian control, consistent with the way they are accounted for in extant biomathematical models.
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43
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Kent BA, Rahman SA, St Hilaire MA, Grant LK, Rüger M, Czeisler CA, Lockley SW. Circadian lipid and hepatic protein rhythms shift with a phase response curve different than melatonin. Nat Commun 2022; 13:681. [PMID: 35115537 PMCID: PMC8814172 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28308-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
While studies suggest that light and feeding patterns can reset circadian rhythms in various metabolites, whether these shifts follow a predictable pattern is unknown. We describe the first phase response curves (PRC) for lipids and hepatic proteins in response to combined light and food stimuli. The timing of plasma rhythms was assessed by constant routine before and after exposure to a combined 6.5-hour blue light exposure and standard meal schedule, which was systematically varied by ~20° between in0000dividuals. We find that the rhythms shift according to a PRC, with generally greater shifts for lipids and liver proteins than for melatonin. PRC timing varies relative to the stimulus, with albumin and triglyceride PRCs peaking at a time similar to melatonin whereas the cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein PRCs are offset by ~12 h. These data have important implications for treating circadian misalignment in shiftworkers who consume meals and are exposed to light around the clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne A Kent
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Shadab A Rahman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa A St Hilaire
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leilah K Grant
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melanie Rüger
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven W Lockley
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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44
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St. Hilaire MA. Modeling (circadian). PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2022; 273:181-198. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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45
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Tyson TL, Flynn-Evans EE, Stone LS. Differential saccade-pursuit coordination under sleep loss and low-dose alcohol. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1067722. [PMID: 36874639 PMCID: PMC9978352 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1067722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ocular tracking of a moving object requires tight coordination between smooth pursuit and saccadic eye movements. Normally, pursuit drives gaze velocity to closely match target velocity, with residual position offsets corrected by catch-up saccades. However, how/if common stressors affect this coordination is largely unknown. This study seeks to elucidate the effects of acute and chronic sleep loss, and low-dose alcohol, on saccade-pursuit coordination, as well as that of caffeine. Methods We used an ocular tracking paradigm to assess three metrics of tracking (pursuit gain, saccade rate, saccade amplitude) and to compute "ground lost" (from reductions in steady-state pursuit gain) and "ground recouped" (from increases in steady-state saccade rate and/or amplitude). We emphasize that these are measures of relative changes in positional offsets, and not absolute offset from the fovea. Results Under low-dose alcohol and acute sleep loss, ground lost was similarly large. However, under the former, it was nearly completely recouped by saccades, whereas under the latter, compensation was at best partial. Under chronic sleep restriction and acute sleep loss with a caffeine countermeasure, the pursuit deficit was dramatically smaller, yet saccadic behavior remained altered from baseline. In particular, saccadic rate remained significantly elevated, despite the fact that ground lost was minimal. Discussion This constellation of findings demonstrates differential impacts on saccade-pursuit coordination with low-dose alcohol impacting only pursuit, likely through extrastriate cortical pathways, while acute sleep loss not only disrupts pursuit but also undermines saccadic compensation, likely through midbrain/brainstem pathways. Furthermore, while chronic sleep loss and caffeine-mitigated acute sleep loss show little residual pursuit deficit, consistent with uncompromised cortical visual processing, they nonetheless show an elevated saccade rate, suggesting residual midbrain and/or brainstem impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence L Tyson
- Visuomotor Control Laboratory, Human Systems Integration Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States
| | - Erin E Flynn-Evans
- Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, Human Systems Integration Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States
| | - Leland S Stone
- Visuomotor Control Laboratory, Human Systems Integration Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States
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46
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Circadian photoreception: The impact of light on human circadian rhythms. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2022; 273:171-180. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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47
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OUP accepted manuscript. Brain 2022; 145:3225-3235. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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48
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Tir S, Steel LCE, Tam SKE, Semo M, Pothecary CA, Vyazovskiy VV, Foster RG, Peirson SN. Rodent models in translational circadian photobiology. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2022; 273:97-116. [PMID: 35940726 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decades remarkable advances have been made in the understanding of the photobiology of circadian rhythms. The identification of a third photoreceptive system in the mammalian eye, in addition to the rods and cones that mediate vision, has transformed our appreciation of the role of light in regulating physiology and behavior. These photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (pRGCs) express the blue-light sensitive photopigment melanopsin and project to the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN)-the master circadian pacemaker-as well as many other brain regions. Much of our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of the pRGCs, and the processes that they regulate, comes from mouse and other rodent models. Here we describe the contribution of rodent models to circadian photobiology, including both their strengths and limitations. In addition, we discuss how an appreciation of both rodent and human data is important for translational circadian photobiology. Such an approach enables a bi-directional flow of information whereby an understanding of basic mechanisms derived from mice can be integrated with studies from humans. Progress in this field is being driven forward at several levels of analysis, not least by the use of personalized light measurements and photoreceptor specific stimuli in human studies, and by studying the impact of environmental, rather than laboratory, lighting on different rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Tir
- Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Kavli Institute for NanoScience Discovery, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Laura C E Steel
- Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Kavli Institute for NanoScience Discovery, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - S K E Tam
- Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Kavli Institute for NanoScience Discovery, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ma'ayan Semo
- Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Kavli Institute for NanoScience Discovery, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carina A Pothecary
- Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Kavli Institute for NanoScience Discovery, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vladyslav V Vyazovskiy
- Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Kavli Institute for NanoScience Discovery, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Russell G Foster
- Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Kavli Institute for NanoScience Discovery, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart N Peirson
- Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Kavli Institute for NanoScience Discovery, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Kyle JE, Bramer LM, Claborne D, Stratton KG, Bloodsworth KJ, Teeguarden JG, Gaddameedhi S, Metz TO, Van Dongen HPA. Simulated Night-Shift Schedule Disrupts the Plasma Lipidome and Reveals Early Markers of Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:981-994. [PMID: 35645584 PMCID: PMC9133431 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s363437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The circadian system coordinates daily rhythms in lipid metabolism, storage and utilization. Disruptions of internal circadian rhythms due to altered sleep/wake schedules, such as in night-shift work, have been implicated in increased risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. To determine the impact of a night-shift schedule on the human blood plasma lipidome, an in-laboratory simulated shift work study was conducted. METHODS Fourteen healthy young adults were assigned to 3 days of either a simulated day or night-shift schedule, followed by a 24-h constant routine protocol with fixed environmental conditions, hourly isocaloric snacks, and constant wakefulness to investigate endogenous circadian rhythms. Blood plasma samples collected at 3-h intervals were subjected to untargeted lipidomics analysis. RESULTS More than 400 lipids were identified and quantified across 21 subclasses. Focusing on lipids with low between-subject variation per shift condition, alterations in the circulating plasma lipidome revealed generally increased mean triglyceride levels and decreased mean phospholipid levels after night-shift relative to day-shift. The circadian rhythms of triglycerides containing odd chain fatty acids peaked earlier during constant routine after night-shift. Regardless of shift condition, triglycerides tended to either peak or be depleted at 16:30 h, with chain-specific differences associated with the direction of change. DISCUSSION The simulated night-shift schedule was associated with altered temporal patterns in the lipidome. This may be premorbid to the elevated cardiovascular risk that has been found epidemiologically in night-shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Kyle
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Lisa M Bramer
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Daniel Claborne
- Computing and Analytics Division, National Security Directorate, PNNL, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Kelly G Stratton
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Kent J Bloodsworth
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Justin G Teeguarden
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, 99352, USA.,Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Shobhan Gaddameedhi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Thomas O Metz
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Hans P A Van Dongen
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA.,Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
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50
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St Hilaire MA, Lockley SW. Measuring Dim Light Melatonin Onset in Humans. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2550:13-20. [PMID: 36180672 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2593-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The pineal melatonin rhythm provides a robust reference signal for the timing of the endogenous human circadian system. Dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) time is considered a gold-standard marker of the central circadian clock when measured from plasma or saliva. In this chapter, we describe the appropriate conditions for collecting plasma and salivary melatonin and the threshold method to calculate the DLMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A St Hilaire
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Steven W Lockley
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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