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Rabadán-Chávez G, Díaz de la Garza RI, Jacobo-Velázquez DA. White adipose tissue: Distribution, molecular insights of impaired expandability, and its implication in fatty liver disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166853. [PMID: 37611674 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
We are far behind the 2025 World Health Organization (WHO) goal of a zero increase in obesity. Close to 360 million people in Latin America and the Caribbean are overweight, with the highest rates observed in the Bahamas, Mexico, and Chile. To achieve relevant progress against the obesity epidemic, scientific research is essential to establish uniform practices in the study of obesity pathophysiology (using pre-clinical and clinical models) that ensure accuracy, reproducibility, and transcendent outcomes. The present review focuses on relevant aspects of white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion, underlying mechanisms of inefficient expandability, and its repercussion in ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver during nutritional abundance. In addition, we highlight the potential role of disrupted circadian rhythm in WAT metabolism. Since genetic factors also play a key role in determining an individual's predisposition to weight gain, we describe the most relevant genes associated with obesity in the Mexican population, underlining that most of them are related to appetite control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griselda Rabadán-Chávez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Rocío I Díaz de la Garza
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
| | - Daniel A Jacobo-Velázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Guadalajara, Av. General Ramon Corona 2514, C.P. 45201 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
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2
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Khazaal AQ, Haque N, Krager CR, Krager SL, Chambers C, Wilber A, Tischkau SA. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor affects circadian-regulated lipolysis through an E-Box-dependent mechanism. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 559:111809. [PMID: 36283500 PMCID: PMC10509633 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An internal circadian clock regulates timing of systemic energy homeostasis. The central clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) directs local clocks in peripheral tissues such as liver, muscle, and adipose tissue to synchronize metabolism with food intake and rest/activity cycles. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) interacts with the molecular circadian clockworks. Activation of AhR dampens rhythmic expression of core clock genes, which may lead to metabolic dysfunction. Given the importance of appropriately-timed adipose tissue function to regulation of energy homeostasis, this study focused on mechanisms by which AhR may influence clock-controlled adipose tissue activity. We hypothesized that AhR activation in adipose tissue would impair lipolysis by dampening adipose rhythms, leading to a decreased lipolysis rate during fasting, and subsequently, altered serum glucose concentrations. Levels of clock gene and lipolysis gene transcripts in mouse mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) differentiated into mature adipocytes were suppressed by the AhR agonist β-napthoflavone (BNF), in an AhR dependent manner. BNF altered rhythms of core clock gene and lipolysis gene transcripts in C57bl6/J mice. BNF reduced serum free fatty acids, glycerol and liver glycogen. Chromatin immunoprecipitation indicated that BNF increased binding of AhR to E-Box elements in clock gene and lipolysis gene promoters. These data establish a link between AhR activation and impaired lipolysis, specifically by altering adipose tissue rhythmicity. In response to the decreased available energy from impaired lipolysis, the body increases glycogenolysis, thereby degrading more glycogen to provide necessary energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Qasim Khazaal
- Biotechnology Department, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Nazmul Haque
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Callie R Krager
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Stacey L Krager
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Christopher Chambers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Andrew Wilber
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Shelley A Tischkau
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA.
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Xiao F, Farag MA, Xiao J, Yang X, Liu Y, Shen J, Lu B. The influence of phytochemicals on cell heterogeneity in chronic inflammation-associated diseases: the prospects of single cell sequencing. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 108:109091. [PMID: 35718097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation-associated diseases include, but is not limited to cardiovascular disease, cancer, obesity, diabetes, etc. Cell heterogeneity is a prerequisite for understanding the physiological and pathological development of cell metabolism, and its response to external stimuli. Recently, dietary habits based on phytochemicals became increasingly recognized to play a pivotal role in chronic inflammation. Phytochemicals can relieve chronic inflammation by regulating inflammatory cell differentiation and immune cell response, but the influence of phytochemicals on cell heterogeneity from in vitro and ex vivo studies cannot simulate the complexity of cell differentiation in vivo due to the differences in cell lines and extracellular environment. Therefore, there is no consensus on the regulation mechanism of phytochemicals on chronic diseases based on cell heterogeneity. The purpose of this review is to summarize cell heterogeneity in common chronic inflammation-associated diseases and trace the effects of phytochemicals on cell differentiation in chronic diseases development. More importantly, by discussing the problems and challenges which hinder the study of cell heterogeneity in recent nutritional assessment experiments, we propose new prospects based on the drawbacks of existing research to optimize the research on the regulation mechanism of phytochemicals on chronic diseases. The need to explore precise measurements of cell heterogeneity is a key pillar in understanding the influence of phytochemicals on certain diseases. In the future, deeper understanding of cell-to-cell variation and the impact of food components and their metabolites on cell function by single-cell genomics and epigenomics with the focus on individual differences will open new avenues for the next generation of health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xiao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini st., P.B. 11562, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo-Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Xuan Yang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianfu Shen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Baiyi Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China.
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Manoogian ENC, Zadourian A, Lo HC, Gutierrez NR, Shoghi A, Rosander A, Pazargadi A, Wang X, Fleischer JG, Golshan S, Taub PR, Panda S. Protocol for a randomised controlled trial on the feasibility and effects of 10-hour time-restricted eating on cardiometabolic disease risk among career firefighters doing 24-hour shift work: the Healthy Heroes Study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e045537. [PMID: 34135038 PMCID: PMC8211050 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Career firefighters experience chronic circadian rhythm disruption, increasing their risk of cardiometabolic disease. The recent discovery that eating patterns regulate circadian rhythmicity in metabolic organs has raised the hypothesis that maintaining a consistent daily cycle of eating and fasting can support circadian rhythms and reduce disease risks. Preclinical animal studies and preliminary clinical trials have shown promising effects of time-restricted eating (TRE) to reduce disease risk without compromising physical performance. However, there is a lack of research on TRE in shift workers including firefighters. This study aims to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of 10-hour TRE on health parameters that contribute to cardiometabolic disease risks among career firefighters who work on a 24-hour shift schedule. METHODS AND ANALYSES The Healthy Heroes Study is a randomised controlled parallel open-label clinical trial with 150 firefighters over 1 year. Firefighters are randomised with a 1:1 ratio to either the control or intervention group. The control group receives Mediterranean diet nutritional counselling (standard of care, 'SOC'). The intervention group receives the same SOC and a self-selected 10-hour TRE window. After the 2-week baseline, participants enter a 3-month monitored intervention, followed by a 9-month self-guided period with follow-up assessments. The impact of TRE on blood glucose, body weight, body composition, biomarkers (neuroendocrine, inflammatory and metabolic), sleep and mood is evaluated. These assessments occur at baseline, at the end of intervention and at 6, 9 and 12-month follow-ups. Temporal calorie intake is monitored with the smartphone application myCircadianClock throughout the study. Continuous glucose monitors, wrist-worn actigraphy device and questionnaires are used to monitor glucose levels, activity, sleep and light exposure. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the University of California San Diego and the Salk Institute for Biological Studies. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed manuscripts, reports and presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03533023; Pre result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N C Manoogian
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Adena Zadourian
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Hannah C Lo
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nikko R Gutierrez
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Azarin Shoghi
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ashley Rosander
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Aryana Pazargadi
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Xinran Wang
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jason G Fleischer
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Shahrokh Golshan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pam R Taub
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Satchidananda Panda
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
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Li Y, Ma J, Yao K, Su W, Tan B, Wu X, Huang X, Li T, Yin Y, Tosini G, Yin J. Circadian rhythms and obesity: Timekeeping governs lipid metabolism. J Pineal Res 2020; 69:e12682. [PMID: 32656907 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Almost all living organisms have evolved autoregulatory transcriptional-translational feedback loops that produce oscillations with a period of approximately 24-h. These endogenous time keeping mechanisms are called circadian clocks. The main function of these circadian clocks is to drive overt circadian rhythms in the physiology of the organisms to ensure that main physiological functions are in synchrony with the external environment. Disruption of circadian rhythms caused by genetic or environmental factors has long-term consequences for metabolic health. Of relevance, host circadian rhythmicity and lipid metabolism are increasingly recognized to cross-regulate and the circadian clock-lipid metabolism interplay may involve in the development of obesity. Multiple systemic and molecular mechanisms, such as hormones (ie, melatonin, leptin, and glucocorticoid), the gut microbiome, and energy metabolism, link the circadian clock and lipid metabolism, and predictably, the deregulation of circadian clock-lipid metabolism interplay can increase the risk of obesity, which in turn may exacerbate circadian disorganization. Feeding time and dietary nutrients are two of key environmental Zeitgebers affecting the circadian rhythm-lipid metabolism interplay, and the influencing mechanisms in obesity development are highlighted in this review. Together, the characterization of the clock machinery in lipid metabolism aimed at producing a healthy circadian lifestyle may improve obesity care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Li
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Kang Yao
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Wenxuan Su
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bie Tan
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xingguo Huang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Gianluca Tosini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jie Yin
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Leenen JPL, Leerentveld C, van Dijk JD, van Westreenen HL, Schoonhoven L, Patijn GA. Current Evidence for Continuous Vital Signs Monitoring by Wearable Wireless Devices in Hospitalized Adults: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e18636. [PMID: 32469323 PMCID: PMC7351263 DOI: 10.2196/18636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continuous monitoring of vital signs by using wearable wireless devices may allow for timely detection of clinical deterioration in patients in general wards in comparison to detection by standard intermittent vital signs measurements. A large number of studies on many different wearable devices have been reported in recent years, but a systematic review is not yet available to date. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to provide a systematic review for health care professionals regarding the current evidence about the validation, feasibility, clinical outcomes, and costs of wearable wireless devices for continuous monitoring of vital signs. METHODS A systematic and comprehensive search was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from January 2009 to September 2019 for studies that evaluated wearable wireless devices for continuous monitoring of vital signs in adults. Outcomes were structured by validation, feasibility, clinical outcomes, and costs. Risk of bias was determined by using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies 2nd edition, or quality of health economic studies tool. RESULTS In this review, 27 studies evaluating 13 different wearable wireless devices were included. These studies predominantly evaluated the validation or the feasibility outcomes of these devices. Only a few studies reported the clinical outcomes with these devices and they did not report a significantly better clinical outcome than the standard tools used for measuring vital signs. Cost outcomes were not reported in any study. The quality of the included studies was predominantly rated as low or moderate. CONCLUSIONS Wearable wireless continuous monitoring devices are mostly still in the clinical validation and feasibility testing phases. To date, there are no high quality large well-controlled studies of wearable wireless devices available that show a significant clinical benefit or cost-effectiveness. Such studies are needed to help health care professionals and administrators in their decision making regarding implementation of these devices on a large scale in clinical practice or in-home monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lisette Schoonhoven
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Duglan D, Lamia KA. Clocking In, Working Out: Circadian Regulation of Exercise Physiology. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:347-356. [PMID: 31054802 PMCID: PMC6545246 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research over the past century indicates that the daily timing of physical activity impacts on both immediate performance and long-term training efficacy. Recently, several molecular connections between circadian clocks and exercise physiology have been identified. Circadian clocks are protein-based oscillators that enable anticipation of daily environmental cycles. Cell-autonomous clocks are present in almost all cells of the body, and their timing is set by a variety of internal and external signals, including hormones and dietary intake. Improved understanding of the relationship between molecular clocks and exercise will benefit professional athletes and public health guidelines for the general population. We discuss here the role of circadian clocks in exercise, and explore time-of-day effects and the proposed molecular and physiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew Duglan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Katja A Lamia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Aggarwal A, Costa MJ, Rivero-Gutiérrez B, Ji L, Morgan SL, Feldman BJ. The Circadian Clock Regulates Adipogenesis by a Per3 Crosstalk Pathway to Klf15. Cell Rep 2017; 21:2367-2375. [PMID: 29186676 PMCID: PMC5728416 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of new adipocytes from precursor cells (adipogenesis) has implications for systemic metabolism and is a commonly used model for studying the process of cell differentiation in vitro. Previous studies from us and others suggested that the peripheral circadian clock can influence adipogenesis in vitro, but the mechanisms driving this activity and the relevance for adipogenesis in vivo are unknown. Here we reveal that mouse adipocyte precursor cells (APCs) contain a circadian clock that oscillates in vivo. We expose context-specific features of the clock in APCs: expression of the canonical core clock component Per1 does not significantly oscillate, whereas the lesser-understood paralog Per3 has a prominent rhythm. We discovered that deletion of Per3 promotes adipogenesis in vivo by a clock output pathway in which PER3 and BMAL1 directly regulate Klf15 expression. These findings demonstrate that Per3 has a major role in the APC clock and regulates adipogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Aggarwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Maria José Costa
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Belén Rivero-Gutiérrez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lijuan Ji
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stefanie L Morgan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brian J Feldman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Program in Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Rynders CA, Bergouignan A, Kealey E, Bessesen DH. Ability to adjust nocturnal fat oxidation in response to overfeeding predicts 5-year weight gain in adults. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:873-880. [PMID: 28440048 PMCID: PMC5407418 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether metabolic responses to short-term overfeeding predict longitudinal changes in body weight. METHODS Twenty-four-hour energy expenditure (EE) and substrate utilization were measured at baseline in a room calorimeter following 3 days of eucaloric and hypercaloric feeding (40% excess) in a sample of lean adults (n: 34; age: 28 ± 2 y; BMI: 22 ± 3 kg/m2 ). Body mass and fat mass (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) were measured annually for 5 years. Regression analyses examined whether changes in EE and fuel use with overfeeding predicted body weight and composition changes over 5 years. RESULTS Overfeeding increased EE and reduced fat oxidation when examined over the 24-hour, waking, and nocturnal periods. Absolute change in body mass over 5 years was 3.0 ± 0.6 kg (average rate of change = 0.7 ± 0.1 kg/y, P < 0.001). Lower nocturnal (but not 24-hour or waking) fat oxidation (r = -0.42, P = 0.01) and EE (r = -0.33, P = 0.05) with overfeeding were the strongest predictors of 5-year weight gain. When adjusted for covariates, changes in nocturnal fat oxidation and EE with overfeeding predicted 41% of the variance in weight change (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Failure to maintain fat oxidation at night following a period of overfeeding appears to be associated with a metabolic phenotype favoring weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey A Rynders
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Audrey Bergouignan
- Anschutz Health & Wellness Center at the University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Elizabeth Kealey
- Anschutz Health & Wellness Center at the University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Daniel H Bessesen
- Anschutz Health & Wellness Center at the University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
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10
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Ninel Hansen S, Peics J, Gerhart-Hines Z. Keeping fat on time: Circadian control of adipose tissue. Exp Cell Res 2017; 360:31-34. [PMID: 28344052 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Circadian clocks harmonize processes ranging from intracellular biochemistry to whole-body physiology in accordance with the Earth's 24h rotation. These intrinsic oscillators are based on an interlocked transcriptional-translational feedback loop comprised from a set of core clock factors. In addition to maintaining rhythmicity in nearly every cell of the body, these clock factors also mediate tissue specific metabolic functions. In this review, we will explore how the molecular clock shapes the unique features of different adipose depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Ninel Hansen
- Section for Metabolic Receptology at the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Julia Peics
- Section for Metabolic Receptology at the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Zachary Gerhart-Hines
- Section for Metabolic Receptology at the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
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Moraes MN, Mezzalira N, de Assis LVM, Menaker M, Guler A, Castrucci AML. TRPV1 participates in the activation of clock molecular machinery in the brown adipose tissue in response to light-dark cycle. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:324-335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Mendt S, Maggioni MA, Nordine M, Steinach M, Opatz O, Belavý D, Felsenberg D, Koch J, Shang P, Gunga HC, Stahn A. Circadian rhythms in bed rest: Monitoring core body temperature via heat-flux approach is superior to skin surface temperature. Chronobiol Int 2016; 34:666-676. [PMID: 27726448 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2016.1224241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Continuous recordings of core body temperature (CBT) are a well-established approach in describing circadian rhythms. Given the discomfort of invasive CBT measurement techniques, the use of skin temperature recordings has been proposed as a surrogate. More recently, we proposed a heat-flux approach (the so-called Double Sensor) for monitoring CBT. Studies investigating the reliability of the heat-flux approach over a 24-hour period, as well as comparisons with skin temperature recordings, are however lacking. The first aim of the study was therefore to compare rectal, skin, and heat-flux temperature recordings for monitoring circadian rhythm. In addition, to assess the optimal placement of sensor probes, we also investigated the effect of different anatomical measurement sites, i.e. sensor probes positioned at the forehead vs. the sternum. Data were collected as part of the Berlin BedRest study (BBR2-2) under controlled, standardized, and thermoneutral conditions. 24-hours temperature data of seven healthy males were collected after 50 days of -6° head-down tilt bed-rest. Mean Pearson correlation coefficients indicated a high association between rectal and forehead temperature recordings (r > 0.80 for skin and Double Sensor). In contrast, only a poor to moderate relationship was observed for sensors positioned at the sternum (r = -0.02 and r = 0.52 for skin and Double Sensor, respectively). Cross-correlation analyses further confirmed the feasibility of the forehead as a preferred monitoring site. The phase difference between forehead Double Sensor and rectal recordings was not statistically different from zero (p = 0.313), and was significantly smaller than the phase difference between forehead skin and rectal temperatures (p = 0.016). These findings were substantiated by cosinor analyses, revealing significant differences for mesor, amplitude, and acrophase between rectal and forehead skin temperature recordings, but not between forehead Double Sensor and rectal temperature measurements. Finally, Bland-Altman analysis indicated narrower limits of agreement for rhythm parameters between rectal and Double Sensor measurements compared to between rectal and skin recordings, irrespective of the measurement site (i.e. forehead, sternum). Based on these data we conclude that (1) Double Sensor recordings are significantly superior to skin temperature measurements for non-invasively assessing the circadian rhythm of rectal temperature, and (2) temperature rhythms from the sternum are less reliable than from the forehead. We suggest that forehead Double Sensor recordings may provide a surrogate for rectal temperature in circadian rhythm research, where constant routine protocols are applied. Future studies will be needed to assess the sensor's ecological validity outside the laboratory under changing environmental and physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mendt
- a Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments , Charité Universitätsmedizin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Martina Anna Maggioni
- a Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments , Charité Universitätsmedizin , Berlin , Germany.,b Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health , Universitá degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Michael Nordine
- a Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments , Charité Universitätsmedizin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Mathias Steinach
- a Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments , Charité Universitätsmedizin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Oliver Opatz
- a Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments , Charité Universitätsmedizin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Daniel Belavý
- c Centre for Muscle and Bone Research , Charité Universitätsmedizin , Berlin , Germany.,d Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University , Burwood , Australia
| | - Dieter Felsenberg
- c Centre for Muscle and Bone Research , Charité Universitätsmedizin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Jochim Koch
- e Drägerwerk AG & Co. KGaA, Lübeck , Germany
| | - Peng Shang
- f Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Biotechnology , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Hanns-Christian Gunga
- a Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments , Charité Universitätsmedizin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Alexander Stahn
- a Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments , Charité Universitätsmedizin , Berlin , Germany.,g Division of Sleep and Chronobiology , Unit of Experimental Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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Abstract
Temporally coordinated resorption and synthesis is the key to maintaining healthy bones. Articular cartilage is a highly specialized connective tissue within the joints that lines the surface of a long bone. Emerging evidence has suggested a critical role of the circadian system in controlling cartilage and bone biology. Articular cartilage is sparsely populated with chondrocytes, surrounded by abundant extracellular matrices that are synthesized and maintained solely by chondrocytes. Once damaged, the articular cartilage tissue has poor capacity for endogenous repair, leaving the joints prone to osteoarthritis, an age-related painful condition that affects millions of individuals worldwide. An important question is how articular cartilage has evolved its remarkable capacity to maintain homeostasis and withstand daily biomechanical challenges associated with resting/activity cycles. Equally important is how this avascular and aneural tissue senses time and uses this information to coordinate daily phases of metabolic activity and tissue remodeling/repair. Bone tissue derived from cartilage has similarly sparse populations of resident cells living in dense and largely mineralized matrices. We discuss recent progress on circadian clocks in these matrix-rich skeletal tissues and highlight avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yang
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Qing-Jun Meng
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, University of Manchester, UK
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Brown SA. Circadian Metabolism: From Mechanisms to Metabolomics and Medicine. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:415-426. [PMID: 27113082 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock directs nearly all aspects of diurnal physiology, including metabolism. Current research identifies several major axes by which it exerts these effects, including systemic signals as well as direct control of cellular processes by local clocks. This redundant network can transmit metabolic and timing information bidirectionally for optimal synchrony of metabolic processes. Recent advances in cellular profiling and metabolomics technologies have yielded unprecedented insights into the mechanisms behind this control. They have also helped to illuminate individual variation in these mechanisms that could prove important in personalized therapy for metabolic disease. Finally, these technologies have provided platforms with which to screen for the first potential drugs affecting clock-modulated metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Brown
- Chronobiology and Sleep Research Group, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, 190 Winterthurerstrasse, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
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