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de Oliveira Melo NC, Cuevas-Sierra A, Souto VF, Martínez JA. Biological Rhythms, Chrono-Nutrition, and Gut Microbiota: Epigenomics Insights for Precision Nutrition and Metabolic Health. Biomolecules 2024; 14:559. [PMID: 38785965 PMCID: PMC11117887 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms integrate a finely tuned network of biological processes recurring every 24 h, intricately coordinating the machinery of all cells. This self-regulating system plays a pivotal role in synchronizing physiological and behavioral responses, ensuring an adaptive metabolism within the environmental milieu, including dietary and physical activity habits. The systemic integration of circadian homeostasis involves a balance of biological rhythms, each synchronically linked to the central circadian clock. Central to this orchestration is the temporal dimension of nutrient and food intake, an aspect closely interwoven with the neuroendocrine circuit, gut physiology, and resident microbiota. Indeed, the timing of meals exerts a profound influence on cell cycle regulation through genomic and epigenetic processes, particularly those involving gene expression, DNA methylation and repair, and non-coding RNA activity. These (epi)genomic interactions involve a dynamic interface between circadian rhythms, nutrition, and the gut microbiota, shaping the metabolic and immune landscape of the host. This research endeavors to illustrate the intricate (epi)genetic interplay that modulates the synchronization of circadian rhythms, nutritional signaling, and the gut microbiota, unravelling the repercussions on metabolic health while suggesting the potential benefits of feed circadian realignment as a non-invasive therapeutic strategy for systemic metabolic modulation via gut microbiota. This exploration delves into the interconnections that underscore the significance of temporal eating patterns, offering insights regarding circadian rhythms, gut microbiota, and chrono-nutrition interactions with (epi)genomic phenomena, thereby influencing diverse aspects of metabolic, well-being, and quality of life outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Cuevas-Sierra
- Precision Nutrition Program, Research Institute on Food and Health Sciences IMDEA Food, CSIC-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Vitória Felício Souto
- Department of Nutrition at the Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (N.C.d.O.M.); (V.F.S.)
| | - J. Alfredo Martínez
- Precision Nutrition Program, Research Institute on Food and Health Sciences IMDEA Food, CSIC-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centre of Medicine and Endocrinology, University of Valladolid, 47002 Valladolid, Spain
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Park H, Jeon H, Lee KJ, Kim CG, Shin D. Seaweed intake modulates the association between VIPR2 variants and the incidence of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged Koreans. Food Funct 2023; 14:9446-9456. [PMID: 37807848 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02425c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Vasoactive intrinsic peptide receptor (VIPR2), a circadian gene, is involved in metabolic homeostasis and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Seaweeds contain polysaccharides that regulate metabolic homeostasis, possibly by altering the effects of VIPR2 variants. We examined the relationship between VIPR2 expression and the incidence of MetS based on seaweed consumption. This study included 4979 Koreans aged ≥40 years using data from the Ansan-Ansung cohort of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. The total seaweeds included were laver, kelp, and sea mustard. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the interactions between the VIPR2 rs6950857 genotype associated with MetS incidence and seaweed intake after adjusting for covariates such as region. A total of 2134 patients with MetS were followed for an average of 8.9 years. In men with the GG genotype of rs6950857, the highest quintile of seaweed consumption was associated with a decreased incidence of MetS compared with that of the lowest quintile (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.62-0.98). We identified a unique association between the rs6950857 genotype, seaweed intake, and MetS. These findings highlight the importance of VIPR2 and the regulatory role of seaweed consumption in MetS incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeun Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunyu Jeon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung Ju Lee
- Department of Women's Rehabilitation, National Rehabilitation Center, 58, Samgaksan-ro, Gangbuk-gu, Seoul 01022, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Gon Kim
- Ocean Climate Response & Ecosystem Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385, Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayeon Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
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Ramos-Lopez O. Epigenetic Biomarkers of Metabolic Responses to Lifestyle Interventions. Nutrients 2023; 15:4251. [PMID: 37836535 PMCID: PMC10574040 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have examined the possible utility of epigenetic phenomena (DNA methylation changes, covalent histone modifications, and miRNA expression patterns) in predicting individual responses to different lifestyle programs. Nonetheless, most available evidence is focused on identifying epigenetic marks eventually associated with body composition and adiposity outcomes, whereas their roles in metabolic endings remain less explored. This document comprehensively reviewed the evidence regarding the use of epigenetic signatures as putative biomarkers of metabolic outcomes (glycemic, lipid, blood pressure, and inflammatory/oxidative stress features) in response to different lifestyle interventions in humans. Although more investigation is still necessary in order to translate this knowledge in clinical practice, these scientific insights are contributing to the design of advanced strategies for the precise management of cardiometabolic risk, gaining understanding on metabolic heterogeneity, allowing for the prediction of metabolic outcomes, and facilitating the design of epigenome-based nutritional strategies for a more customized approach for metabolic alterations treatment under the scope of precision nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Mexico
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Jansen EC, Zhang KP, Dolinoy DC, Burgess HJ, O'Brien LM, Langen E, Unwala N, Ehlinger J, Mulcahy MC, Goodrich JM. Early-to-mid pregnancy sleep and circadian markers in relation to birth outcomes: An epigenetics pilot study. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:1224-1234. [PMID: 37722702 PMCID: PMC10626590 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2256854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Maternal sleep and circadian health during pregnancy are emerging as important predictors of pregnancy outcomes, but examination of potential epigenetic mechanisms is rare. We investigated links between maternal leukocyte DNA methylation of circadian genes and birth outcomes within a pregnancy cohort. Women (n = 96) completed a questionnaire and provided a blood sample at least once during early-to-mid pregnancy (average gestation weeks = 14.2). Leukocyte DNA was isolated and DNA methylation (average percent of methylation) at multiple CpG sites within BMAL1, PER1, and MTNR1B genes were quantified by pyrosequencing. Birth outcomes including gestational age at delivery, birthweight, and head circumference were abstracted from medical charts. Linear regression analyses were run between each CpG site with birth outcomes, adjusting for important confounders. Sleep duration and timing were assessed as secondary exposures. Higher methylation of a CpG site in PER1 was associated with smaller log-transformed head circumference (β=-0.02 with 95% CI -0.02 to 0.01; P, trend = 0.04). Higher methylation of MTNR1B (averaged across sites) was associated with lower log-transformed birthweight (-0.08 with 95% CI -0.16 to -0.01; P, trend = 0.0495). In addition, longer sleep duration was associated with higher birthweight (0.10 with 95% CI 0.02 to 0.18 comparing > 9 h to < 8 h; P, trend = 0.04). This pilot investigation revealed that higher methylation of PER1 and MTNR1B genes, and sleep duration measured in early-to-mid pregnancy were related to birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica C Jansen
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kelvin Pengyuan Zhang
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Environmental Health Sciences and Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Langen
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Naquia Unwala
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jessa Ehlinger
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Molly C Mulcahy
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Patel P, Selvaraju V, Babu JR, Geetha T. Association of the DNA Methylation of Obesity-Related Genes with the Dietary Nutrient Intake in Children. Nutrients 2023; 15:2840. [PMID: 37447167 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of obesity stems from both genetic and external influences. Despite thorough research and attempts to address it through various means such as dietary changes, physical activity, education, and medications, a lasting solution to this widespread problem remains elusive. Nutrients play a crucial role in various cellular processes, including the regulation of gene expression. One of the mechanisms by which nutrients can affect gene expression is through DNA methylation. This modification can alter the accessibility of DNA to transcription factors and other regulatory proteins, thereby influencing gene expression. Nutrients such as folate and vitamin B12 are involved in the one-carbon metabolism pathway, which provides the methyl groups necessary for DNA methylation. Studies have shown that the inadequate intake of these nutrients can lead to alterations in DNA methylation patterns. For this study, we aim to understand the differences in the association of the dietary intake between normal weight and overweight/obese children and between European American and African American children with the DNA methylation of the three genes NRF1, FTO, and LEPR. The research discovered a significant association between the nutritional intake of 6-10-years-old children, particularly the methyl donors present in their diet, and the methylation of the NRF1, FTO, and LEPR genes. Additionally, the study emphasizes the significance of considering health inequalities, particularly family income and maternal education, when investigating the epigenetic impact of methyl donors in diet and gene methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadarshni Patel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | | | - Jeganathan Ramesh Babu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Thangiah Geetha
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Chrono-Nutrition: Circadian Rhythm and Personalized Nutrition. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032571. [PMID: 36768893 PMCID: PMC9916946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The human circadian system has a period of approximately 24 h and studies on the consequences of "chornodisruption" have greatly expanded. Lifestyle and environmental factors of modern societies (i.e., artificial lighting, jetlag, shift work, and around-the-clock access to energy-dense food) can induce disruptions of the circadian system and thereby adversely affect individual health. Growing evidence demonstrates a complex reciprocal relationship between metabolism and the circadian system, in which perturbations in one system affect the other one. From a nutritional genomics perspective, genetic variants in clock genes can both influence metabolic health and modify the individual response to diet. Moreover, an interplay between the circadian rhythm, gut microbiome, and epigenome has been demonstrated, with the diet in turn able to modulate this complex link suggesting a remarkable plasticity of the underlying mechanisms. In this view, the study of the impact of the timing of eating by matching elements from nutritional research with chrono-biology, that is, chrono-nutrition, could have significant implications for personalized nutrition in terms of reducing the prevalence and burden of chronic diseases. This review provides an overview of the current evidence on the interactions between the circadian system and nutrition, highlighting how this link could in turn influence the epigenome and microbiome. In addition, possible nutritional strategies to manage circadian-aligned feeding are suggested.
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Livingstone KM, Ramos-Lopez O, Pérusse L, Kato H, Ordovas JM, Martínez JA. Reprint of: Precision nutrition: A review of current approaches and future endeavors. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Fang Z, Zhu L, Zhang T, Jin Y, Chen Y, Yao Y. Sex-specific genetic association of brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (BMAL1) and obesity in Chinese youth. Obes Res Clin Pract 2022; 16:464-469. [PMID: 36335026 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The circadian clock gene brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (BMAL1) regulates energy metabolism, adipocyte proliferation and differentiation, glucose metabolism, and other functions. This study aimed to examine the association of potential polymorphisms in BMAL1 with obesity among Chinese youth. METHODS A total of 2973 participants were included in this study. According to the body mass index obesity standard of China, 208 subjects were defined as experiencing general obesity. According to the waist-to-hip ratio obesity standard, 335 participants were defined as experiencing central obesity. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs9633835, rs6486121, rs7107287, and rs12364562) were genotyped using TaqMan probe techniques. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the either genotypic or allelic frequencies between the non-general and general obesity groups, while a positive association was observed between BMAL1 rs6486121 variant and central obesity risk (CC+CT vs. TT: OR:2.139, 95% CI:1.164-3.930; P = 0.014) after adjusting for covariates. Stratification analyses revealed significant associations with central obesity risk for rs6486121 polymorphism in women according to the additive model (CC vs. CT vs. TT: OR:1.409; 95 % CI: 1.029-1.930; P = 0.032). Haplotype analysis showed that only paired haplotypes, including rs9633835G with rs6486121T, had a significant effect on central obesity with OR (95%CI) was 1.035 (1.011-1.060) and P = 0.004. CONCLUSION our findings suggest that BMAL1 polymorphisms are significantly associated with central obesity and sex-specific genetic effects on BMAL1-mediated genetic susceptibility to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmei Fang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Institute of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang west Road, Wuhu 241002 Anhui, China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Institute of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang west Road, Wuhu 241002 Anhui, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Institute of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang west Road, Wuhu 241002 Anhui, China
| | - Yuelong Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Institute of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang west Road, Wuhu 241002 Anhui, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Institute of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang west Road, Wuhu 241002 Anhui, China.
| | - Yingshui Yao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Institute of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang west Road, Wuhu 241002 Anhui, China; Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.18, Wuxia Shanxi Road, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, China.
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Livingstone KM, Ramos-Lopez O, Pérusse L, Kato H, Ordovas JM, Martínez JA. Precision nutrition: A review of current approaches and future endeavors. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022; 128:253-264. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2022.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
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10
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Livingstone KM, Ramos-Lopez O, Pérusse L, Kato H, Ordovas JM, Martínez JA. Precision nutrition: A review of current approaches and future endeavors. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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11
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Mahmoud AM. An Overview of Epigenetics in Obesity: The Role of Lifestyle and Therapeutic Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031341. [PMID: 35163268 PMCID: PMC8836029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a global epidemic that has a negative impact on population health and the economy of nations. Genetic predispositions have been demonstrated to have a substantial role in the unbalanced energy metabolism seen in obesity. However, these genetic variations cannot entirely explain the massive growth in obesity over the last few decades. Accumulating evidence suggests that modern lifestyle characteristics such as the intake of energy-dense foods, adopting sedentary behavior, or exposure to environmental factors such as industrial endocrine disruptors all contribute to the rising obesity epidemic. Recent advances in the study of DNA and its alterations have considerably increased our understanding of the function of epigenetics in regulating energy metabolism and expenditure in obesity and metabolic diseases. These epigenetic modifications influence how DNA is transcribed without altering its sequence. They are dynamic, reflecting the interplay between the body and its surroundings. Notably, these epigenetic changes are reversible, making them appealing targets for therapeutic and corrective interventions. In this review, I discuss how these epigenetic modifications contribute to the disordered energy metabolism in obesity and to what degree lifestyle and weight reduction strategies and pharmacological drugs can restore energy balance by restoring normal epigenetic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer M Mahmoud
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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12
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Role of macronutrient intake in the epigenetics of obesity. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:487-497. [PMID: 34994392 DOI: 10.1042/bst20211069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is caused by a combination of hereditary and environmental factors. Despite extensive study, contemporary through diet, exercise, education, surgery, and pharmacological treatments, no effective long-term solution has been found to this epidemic. Over the last decade, there has been a tremendous advancement in understanding the science of epigenetics, as well as a rise in public interest in learning more about the influence of diet and lifestyle choices on the health of an individual. Without affecting the underlying DNA sequence, epigenetic alterations impact gene expression. Previous animal studies have shown a link between the type of diet and expression or suppression of obesity genes, but there are very few human studies that demonstrate the relationship between dietary intake and obesity gene expression. This review highlights the effects of carbohydrates, lipids, and protein intake from the diet on obesity-related genes.
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Monti P, Iodice S, Tarantini L, Sacchi F, Ferrari L, Ruscica M, Buoli M, Vigna L, Pesatori AC, Bollati V. Effects of PM Exposure on the Methylation of Clock Genes in a Population of Subjects with Overweight or Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1122. [PMID: 33513987 PMCID: PMC7908270 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The expression of clock genes, regulating the synchronization of metabolic and behavioral processes with environmental light/dark cycles, is regulated by methylation and might be influenced by short-term exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM), especially in individuals that are hypersensitive to proinflammatory cues. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of PM2.5 and PM10 on the methylation profile of the clock genes ARNTL, CLOCK, CRY1, CRY2, PER1, PER2, and PER3 in a population of 200 women with obesity. A significant association between PM10 exposure and the methylation of clock genes was found, namely, this was negative for PER2 gene and positive for the CLOCK, CRY1, CRY2, and PER3 genes. PM2.5 was negatively associated with methylation of PER2 gene and positively with methylation of CRY2 gene. Evidence was observed for effect modification from body mass index (BMI) regarding the PER1 gene: as PM2.5/10 increases, DNA methylation increases significantly for relatively low BMI values (BMI = 25), while it decreases in participants with severe obesity (BMI = 51). PM may therefore alter the epigenetic regulation of clock genes, possibly affecting circadian rhythms. Future studies are needed to clarify how alterations in clock gene methylation are predictive of disease development and how obesity can modulate the adverse health effects of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Monti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (P.M.); (L.V.); (A.C.P.)
| | - Simona Iodice
- EPIGET—Epidemiology, Epigenetics and Toxicology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.I.); (L.T.); (F.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Letizia Tarantini
- EPIGET—Epidemiology, Epigenetics and Toxicology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.I.); (L.T.); (F.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Francesca Sacchi
- EPIGET—Epidemiology, Epigenetics and Toxicology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.I.); (L.T.); (F.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Luca Ferrari
- EPIGET—Epidemiology, Epigenetics and Toxicology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.I.); (L.T.); (F.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Massimiliano Ruscica
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Massimiliano Buoli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Luisella Vigna
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (P.M.); (L.V.); (A.C.P.)
- Center of Obesity and Work EASO Collaborating Centers for Obesity Management, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Cecilia Pesatori
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (P.M.); (L.V.); (A.C.P.)
- EPIGET—Epidemiology, Epigenetics and Toxicology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.I.); (L.T.); (F.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Valentina Bollati
- EPIGET—Epidemiology, Epigenetics and Toxicology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.I.); (L.T.); (F.S.); (L.F.)
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Maugeri A. The Effects of Dietary Interventions on DNA Methylation: Implications for Obesity Management. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228670. [PMID: 33212948 PMCID: PMC7698434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous evidence from in vivo and observational research suggested how dietary factors might affect DNA methylation signatures involved in obesity risk. However, findings from experimental studies are still scarce and, if present, not so clear. The current review summarizes studies investigating the effect of dietary interventions on DNA methylation in the general population and especially in people at risk for or with obesity. Overall, these studies suggest how dietary interventions may induce DNA methylation changes, which in turn are likely related to the risk of obesity and to different response to weight loss programs. These findings might explain the high interindividual variation in weight loss after a dietary intervention, with some people losing a lot of weight while others much less so. However, the interactions between genetic, epigenetic, environmental and lifestyle factors make the whole framework even more complex and further studies are needed to support the hypothesis of personalized interventions against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Maugeri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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15
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Effects of dietary interventions on DNA methylation in adult humans: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:961-976. [DOI: 10.1017/s000711451800243x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDNA methylation is a key component of the epigenetic machinery that is responsible for regulating gene expression and, therefore, cell function. Patterns of DNA methylation change during development and ageing, differ between cell types, are altered in multiple diseases and can be modulated by dietary factors. However, evidence about the effects of dietary factors on DNA methylation patterns in humans is fragmentary. This study was initiated to collate evidence for causal links between dietary factors and changes in DNA methylation patterns. We carried out a systematic review of dietary intervention studies in adult humans using Medline, EMBASE and Scopus. Out of 22 149 screened titles, sixty intervention studies were included, of which 65% were randomised (n 39). Most studies (53%) reported data from blood analyses, whereas 27% studied DNA methylation in colorectal mucosal biopsies. Folic acid was the most common intervention agent (33%). There was great heterogeneity in the methods used for assessing DNA methylation and in the genomic loci investigated. Meta-analysis of the effect of folic acid on global DNA methylation revealed strong evidence that supplementation caused hypermethylation in colorectal mucosa (P=0·009). Meta-regression analysis showed that the dose of supplementary folic acid was the only identified factor (P<0·001) showing a positive relationship. In summary, there is limited evidence from intervention studies of effects of dietary factors, other than folic acid, on DNA methylation patterns in humans. In addition, the application of multiple different assays and investigations of different genomic loci makes it difficult to compare, or to combine, data across studies.
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Ramos-Lopez O, Samblas M, Milagro FI, Riezu-Boj JI, Crujeiras A, Martinez JA, Project MENA. Circadian gene methylation profiles are associated with obesity, metabolic disturbances and carbohydrate intake. Chronobiol Int 2018; 35:969-981. [PMID: 29580070 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1446021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mirian Samblas
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fermin I. Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERobn, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Carlos III Health INstitute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose I. Riezu-Boj
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - A.B. Crujeiras
- CIBERobn, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Carlos III Health INstitute, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS) and Santiago de Compostela University (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J. Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERobn, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Carlos III Health INstitute, Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- IMDEA Food, Research Institute on Food & Health Sciences, Madrid, Spain
| | - MENA Project
- Other Members of the MENA Project in Alphabetical Order Are: Abete I, Cuervo M, Goni L, Marti A, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ, Navas-Carretero S, San-Cristobal R, Santos JL and Zulet MA
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17
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Samblas M, Milagro FI, Mansego ML, Marti A, Martinez JA. PTPRS and PER3 methylation levels are associated with childhood obesity: results from a genome-wide methylation analysis. Pediatr Obes 2018; 13:149-158. [PMID: 28614626 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has increased in the last years. Epigenetic dysregulation affecting gene expression could be a determinant in early-life obesity onset and accompanying complications. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present investigation was to analyse the putative association between DNA methylation and childhood obesity. METHODS DNA was isolated from white blood cells of 24 children obtained from the GENOI study and was hybridized in a 450K methylation array. Two CpG sites associated with obesity were validated in 91 children by MassArray® EpiTyper™ technology. RESULTS Genome-wide analysis identified 734 CpGs (783 genes) differentially methylated between cases (n = 12) and controls (n = 12). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis showed that these genes were involved in oxidative stress and circadian rhythm signalling pathways. Moreover, the DNA methylation levels of VIPR2, GRIN2D, ADCYAP1R1, PER3 and PTPRS regions correlated with the obesity trait. EpiTyper™ validation also identified significant correlations between methylation levels of CpG sites on PTPRS and PER3 with BMI z-score. CONCLUSIONS This study identified several CpG sites and specifically several CpGs in the PTPRS and PER3 genes differentially methylated between obese and non-obese children, suggesting a role for DNA methylation concerning development of childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Samblas
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - F I Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERobn, Physiopathology of Obesity, Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - M L Mansego
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - A Marti
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERobn, Physiopathology of Obesity, Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra's Health Research Institute, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J A Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERobn, Physiopathology of Obesity, Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra's Health Research Institute, Pamplona, Spain
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18
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Vera B, Dashti HS, Gómez-Abellán P, Hernández-Martínez AM, Esteban A, Scheer FAJL, Saxena R, Garaulet M. Modifiable lifestyle behaviors, but not a genetic risk score, associate with metabolic syndrome in evening chronotypes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:945. [PMID: 29343740 PMCID: PMC5772646 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18268-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Evening chronotype associates with health complications possibly via lifestyle factors, while the contribution of genetics is unknown. The aim was to study the relative contributions of genetics, lifestyle, and circadian-related physiological characteristics in metabolic risk of evening chronotype. In order to capture a biological contribution to chronotype, a genetic-risk-score (GRS), comprised of 15 chronotype-related variants, was tested. Moreover, a wide range of behavioral and emotional eating factors was studied within the same population. Chronotype, lifestyle, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) outcomes were assessed (n = 2,126), in addition to genetics (n = 1,693) and rest-activity/wrist-temperature rhythms (n = 100). Evening chronotype associated with MetS and insulin resistance (P < 0.05), and several lifestyle factors including poorer eating behaviors, lower physical activity and later sleep and wake times. We observed an association between higher evening GRS and evening chronotype (P < 0.05), but not with MetS. We propose a GRS as a tool to capture the biological component of the inter-individual differences in chronotype. Our data show that several modifiable factors such as sedentary lifestyle, difficulties in controlling the amount of food eaten, alcohol intake and later wake and bed times that characterized evening-types, may underlie chronotype-MetS relationship. Our findings provide insights into the development of strategies, particularly for evening chronotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Vera
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Hassan S Dashti
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Marta Garaulet
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. .,IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.
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19
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Aronica L, Levine AJ, Brennan K, Mi J, Gardner C, Haile RW, Hitchins MP. A systematic review of studies of DNA methylation in the context of a weight loss intervention. Epigenomics 2018; 9:769-787. [PMID: 28517981 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Obesity results from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors, which may involve epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation (DNAm). MATERIALS & METHODS We have followed the PRISMA protocol to select studies that analyzed DNAm at baseline and end point of a weight loss intervention using either candidate-locus or genome-wide approaches. RESULTS Six genes displayed weight loss associated DNAm across four out of nine genome-wide studies. Weight loss is associated with significant but small changes in DNAm across the genome, and weight loss outcome is associated with individual differences in baseline DNAm at several genomic locations. CONCLUSION The identified weight loss associated DNAm markers, especially those showing reproducibility across different studies, warrant validation by further studies with robust design and adequate power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Aronica
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A Joan Levine
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kevin Brennan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jeffrey Mi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Christopher Gardner
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Robert W Haile
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Megan P Hitchins
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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20
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Li L, Wan D, Long CM, Li GY, Zhang YM, Wu X, Yin YL. Effects of iron status on expression of circadian clock genes and serum lipid metabolism in sucking piglets. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2017.1410018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- State Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ci-min Long
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Guan-ya Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yi-ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Animal Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- State Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu-long Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- State Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Animal Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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21
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Reszka E, Wieczorek E, Przybek M, Jabłońska E, Kałużny P, Bukowska-Damska A, Zienolddiny S, Pepłońska B. Circadian gene methylation in rotating-shift nurses: a cross-sectional study. Chronobiol Int 2017; 35:111-121. [PMID: 29144171 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1388252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Investigating the methylation status of the circadian genes may contribute to a better understanding of the shift work-related circadian disruption in individuals exposed to artificial light at night. In the present study, we determined the methylation status of the circadian genes associated with a shift work pattern among nurses and midwives participating in a cross-sectional study in Lodz, Poland. Quantitative methylation polymerase chain reaction assays were used to assess promoter CpG methylation in PER1, PER2, PER3, CRY1, CRY2, BMAL1, CLOCK, and NPAS2 in genomic DNA from whole blood of 347 women having a rotating-shift work schedule and 363 women working days only. The percentage of methylated reference (PMR) was assessed using fluorescent probes for PER1, PER2, PER3, CRY1, and NPAS2, and the percentage of gene methylation, as the methylation index (MI), using two sets of primers for BMAL1, CLOCK, and CRY2. We tested the possible association between current and lifetime rotating night-shift work characteristics and circadian gene methylation by using proportional odds regression model with blood DNA methylation, categorized into tertiles, and adjusted for age, current smoking status, folate intake and blood collection time. The findings indicated that CpG methylation in PER2 promoter was significantly decreased (P < 0.004) among nurses and midwives currently working rotating shifts, as compared with day-working nurses and midwives. The lower percentage of PER2 methylation was associated with a higher monthly frequency of current night duties (2-7 night shifts, and eight or more night shifts per month) (P = 0.012) and was associated at borderline significance (P = 0.092) with the lifetime duration of shift work (>10 ≤ 20 years and >20 ≤ 43 years of rotating-shift work) among nurses and midwives (N = 710). Moreover, women with a longer lifetime duration of shift work presented a lower status of PER1 methylation (P = 0.040) than did the women with up to 10 years of rotating-shift work. Long lifetime duration of shift work (> 10 years) among current rotating night-shift workers (N = 347) was associated with BMAL1 hypomethylation (P = 0.013). Among eight of the investigated circadian genes, only PER1, PER2, and BMAL1 showed differential methylation attributable to the rotating-shift work of nurses and midwives. The findings on blood-based DNA methylation in the circadian genes may provide a better insight into the mechanistic principles underlying the possible health effects of night-shift work but these should be verified in further studies recruiting larger populations of shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Reszka
- a Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics , Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine , Lodz , Poland
| | - Edyta Wieczorek
- a Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics , Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine , Lodz , Poland
| | - Monika Przybek
- a Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics , Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine , Lodz , Poland
| | - Ewa Jabłońska
- a Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics , Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine , Lodz , Poland
| | - Paweł Kałużny
- b Department of Environmental Epidemiology , Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine , Lodz , Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bukowska-Damska
- b Department of Environmental Epidemiology , Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine , Lodz , Poland
| | - Shanbeh Zienolddiny
- c Section of Toxicology and Biological Work Environment, Department of Biological and Chemical Work Environment , National Institute of Occupational Health , Oslo , Norway
| | - Beata Pepłońska
- b Department of Environmental Epidemiology , Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine , Lodz , Poland
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Ramos-Lopez O, Milagro FI, Allayee H, Chmurzynska A, Choi MS, Curi R, De Caterina R, Ferguson LR, Goni L, Kang JX, Kohlmeier M, Marti A, Moreno LA, Pérusse L, Prasad C, Qi L, Reifen R, Riezu-Boj JI, San-Cristobal R, Santos JL, Martínez JA. Guide for Current Nutrigenetic, Nutrigenomic, and Nutriepigenetic Approaches for Precision Nutrition Involving the Prevention and Management of Chronic Diseases Associated with Obesity. JOURNAL OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS 2017; 10:43-62. [PMID: 28689206 DOI: 10.1159/000477729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic diseases, including obesity, are major causes of morbidity and mortality in most countries. The adverse impacts of obesity and associated comorbidities on health remain a major concern due to the lack of effective interventions for prevention and management. Precision nutrition is an emerging therapeutic approach that takes into account an individual's genetic and epigenetic information, as well as age, gender, or particular physiopathological status. Advances in genomic sciences are contributing to a better understanding of the role of genetic variants and epigenetic signatures as well as gene expression patterns in the development of diverse chronic conditions, and how they may modify therapeutic responses. This knowledge has led to the search for genetic and epigenetic biomarkers to predict the risk of developing chronic diseases and personalizing their prevention and treatment. Additionally, original nutritional interventions based on nutrients and bioactive dietary compounds that can modify epigenetic marks and gene expression have been implemented. Although caution must be exercised, these scientific insights are paving the way for the design of innovative strategies for the control of chronic diseases accompanying obesity. This document provides a number of examples of the huge potential of understanding nutrigenetic, nutrigenomic, and nutriepigenetic roles in precision nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde" and Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
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Abstract
It is known that our physiology changes throughout the day and that several physiological hormones display circadian rhythmicity. The alteration of this normal pattern is called chronodisruption (CD). In recent years, it has been demonstrated that CD is related to obesity. Although several factors may be causing CD, one important aspect to consider is the failure in our internal clock. Indeed, studies performed in mutant animals have demonstrated that mutations in clock genes are related to obesity. In human subjects, mutations are rare (<1 % of the population). Nevertheless, it is rather common to have genetic variations in one SNP, which underlie differences in our vulnerability to disease. Several SNP in clock genes are related to obesity and weight loss. Taking into account that genetics is behind CD, as has already been demonstrated in twins’ models, the question is: Are we predestinated? We will see along these lines that nutrigenetics and epigenetics answer: ‘No, we are not predestinated’. Through nutrigenetics we know that our behaviours may interact with our genes and may decrease the deleterious effect of one specific risk variant. From epigenetics the message is even more positive: it is demonstrated that by changing our behaviours we can change our genome. Herein, we propose modifying ‘what, how, and when we eat’ as an effective tool to decrease our genetic risk, and as a consequence to diminish CD and decrease obesity. This is a novel and very promising area in obesity prevention and treatment.
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