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Patchin JW, Hinduja S. The nature and extent of youth sextortion: Legal implications and directions for future research. BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES & THE LAW 2024; 42:401-416. [PMID: 38775000 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Sextortion, the threatened dissemination of explicit, intimate, or embarrassing images of a sexual nature without consent, is an understudied problem. Despite a recent increase in reported incidents among adolescents in the United States, little is known about the nature and extent of sextortion among this population. The current research explores sextortion behaviors among a national sample of 4972 middle and high school students (mean age = 14.5) for the purpose of illuminating how many youth are targeted, and understanding various characteristics of the incident (including who was involved, what offenders wanted, what offenders did, and who targets told). About 5% of youth reported that they were victims of sextortion, primarily by people they knew. Many of those targeted did not disclose the incident to adults. Implications for future research and the law are discussed.
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Torp Løkkeberg S, Ihlebæk C, Brottveit G, Del Busso L. Digital Violence and Abuse: A Scoping Review of Adverse Experiences Within Adolescent Intimate Partner Relationships. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:1954-1965. [PMID: 37818965 PMCID: PMC11155222 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231201816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
International research in the past 2 decades has suggested that intimate partner violence among adolescents is a significant public health concern. Both are commonly understood as a pattern of behavior that is intended to establish and maintain control over a partner. Recently, a plethora of digital applications and social networking sites have presented new opportunities for adolescents to initiate, develop, and conduct intimate partner relationships. However, research exploring adverse experiences related to digital interactions in the context of adolescents' intimate partner relations is limited. This scoping review aims to identify and describe the nature and range of difficult experiences in the current published research relating to digital interactions between intimate adolescent partners, from digitalized violence to less severe adverse experiences. Systematic and manual searching resulted in the identification of 1,876 potential articles for inclusion in this review. A total of 18 articles were ultimately included based on the following predefined inclusion criteria. The article must: (a) be an empirical study that has used quantitative, qualitative, mixed, or review methods; (b) include young adolescents and adolescents of 18 years or younger as participants; (c) include accounts of young adolescents and young people's experiences and/or consequences of digital interactions within intimate partner relationships; and (d) be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Examples of less severe experiences could be different kinds of digital harassment, such as electronic intrusiveness, excessive texting, insults, unpleasant messages, and the spreading of rumors. Other adverse experiences related to digital interactions included being controlled by a partner, verbal abuse, experiences of aggression, sexual pressure, and coercion. Common consequences of adverse experiences included emotional and mental health-related difficulties, self-restricting behaviors, relationship difficulties, and risk behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Torp Løkkeberg
- Faculty of Health, Welfare, and Organization, Østfold University College, Fredrikstad, Norway
| | - Camilla Ihlebæk
- Faculty of Health, Welfare, and Organization, Østfold University College, Fredrikstad, Norway
- Faculty of Landscape and Society, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Gudrun Brottveit
- Faculty of Health, Welfare, and Organization, Østfold University College, Fredrikstad, Norway
| | - Lilliana Del Busso
- Faculty of Health, Welfare, and Organization, Østfold University College, Fredrikstad, Norway
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Adhia A, Roy Paladhi U, Ellyson AM. State laws addressing teen dating violence in US high schools: A difference-in-differences study. Prev Med 2024; 182:107937. [PMID: 38490280 PMCID: PMC11039357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.107937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Teen dating violence (TDV) is prevalent with lifelong adverse consequences, and strategies to reduce its burden are needed. Many U.S. states have enacted laws to address TDV in schools, but few studies have examined their effectiveness. This study aimed to assess whether state TDV laws were associated with changes in physical TDV victimization among high school students. METHODS We used repeated cross-sectional data of high school students from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey across 41 states from 1999 to 2019. Using a difference-in-differences approach with an event study design, we compared changes in past-year physical TDV in states that enacted TDV laws (n = 21) compared to states with no required laws (n = 20). Analyses accounted for clustering at the state-level and state and year-fixed effects. We conducted sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of our findings. RESULTS In our sample of 1,240,211 students, the prevalence of past-year physical TDV was 9.2% across all state-years. In 1999, the prevalence of TDV at the state-level ranged from 7.5 to 13.0%; in 2019, the prevalence ranged from 3.7 to 10.5%. There was no significant association between TDV laws and past-year physical TDV. Six or more waves after enactment, we observed a non-significant 1.7% percentage point reduction in TDV in states with TDV laws (95% CI: -3.6 to 0.3 percentage points; p = 0.10). CONCLUSIONS We found no significant association between enactment of TDV laws and physical TDV among high school students. Further research is needed to understand how TDV laws are implemented and components of TDV laws that may influence effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avanti Adhia
- Department of Child, Family, and Population Health Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.
| | - Unmesha Roy Paladhi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America; Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.
| | - Alice M Ellyson
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America; Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America.
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Jaureguizar J, Dosil-Santamaria M, Redondo I, Wachs S, Machimbarrena JM. Online and offline dating violence: same same, but different? PSICOLOGIA-REFLEXAO E CRITICA 2024; 37:13. [PMID: 38602598 PMCID: PMC11009218 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-024-00293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Violent behaviors in romantic relationships among adolescents and young people are pressing social matter as they have an effect on both victims and aggressors. Moreover, in the last decades, new forms of harassment, control, and abuse through social networks and mobile phones have arisen. Therefore, now forms of online and offline dating violence coexist. OBJECTIVES The aim was to analyze the prevalence rates by sex and age and the co-occurrence of online and offline dating violence. Moreover, the roles of online and offline dating violence aggressors and victims for their self-esteem, hostility, general psychological state, and emotional intelligence were investigated. METHOD Three hundred forty-one university students from the Basque Country, Spain, participated in the study. They completed six validated instruments related to the mentioned variables. RESULTS Results highlight the high prevalence of online and offline dating violence in the sample and the co-occurrence of both types. No gender nor sex differences were found for online and offline dating violence perpetration and victimization. The correlation between online and offline dating violence was confirmed, and the reciprocity of violence is greater for offline violence. In relation to the role, both types of victims (online and offline) showed higher levels of hostility and psychological symptomatology than non-victims, but differences in self-esteem and emotional regulation were found in these modalities. Online and offline perpetrators shared hostility and some psychological symptoms as characteristics compared to non-victims, but differed in other symptoms and emotional intelligence. CONCLUSION There is a continuum between offline and online victimization perpetration albeit differences in the characteristics such as self-esteem, emotional intelligence, and general functioning exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Jaureguizar
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | | | - Iratxe Redondo
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Sebastian Wachs
- Department of Education and Social Studies, University of Münster, Munster, Germany
| | - Juan M Machimbarrena
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Avda. Tolosa 70, Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, 20018, Spain.
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Huang TF, Hou CY, Chang FC, Chiu CH, Chen PH, Chiang JT, Miao NF, Chuang HY, Chang YJ, Chang H, Chen HC. Adolescent Use of Dating Applications and the Associations with Online Victimization and Psychological Distress. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:903. [PMID: 37998650 PMCID: PMC10669177 DOI: 10.3390/bs13110903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the relationships between the use of online dating applications (apps), online victimization, and psychosocial distress among adolescents. This study was conducted in 2020. A sample of 2595 seventh-grade students from 30 Taiwanese middle schools was surveyed. We conducted a self-administered survey. Overall, 15% of the adolescents reported using online dating apps in the past year, while 78% reported having seen dating app advertisements on the internet in the past year. Multivariate analysis results indicated that adolescents' exposure to the marketing of dating apps and poor academic performance were both associated with the use of online dating apps. Adolescents who used dating apps were more likely to experience online privacy victimization, cyberbullying victimization, and online sexual harassment. The use of dating apps by adolescents, online privacy victimization, cyberbullying victimization, and online sexual harassment were associated with higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. In conclusion, adolescent use of dating apps is related to online victimization and psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Fu Huang
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 10610, Taiwan; (T.-F.H.); (C.-Y.H.); (Y.-J.C.)
| | - Chun-Yin Hou
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 10610, Taiwan; (T.-F.H.); (C.-Y.H.); (Y.-J.C.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Zhongxiao Branch, Taipei 11556, Taiwan
| | - Fong-Ching Chang
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 10610, Taiwan; (T.-F.H.); (C.-Y.H.); (Y.-J.C.)
| | - Chiung-Hui Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Information and Computer Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 10610, Taiwan;
| | - Ping-Hung Chen
- The Graduate Institute of Mass Communication, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 10610, Taiwan;
| | - Jeng-Tung Chiang
- Department of Statistics, National Chengchi University, Taipei 11605, Taiwan;
| | - Nae-Fang Miao
- Post-Baccalaureate Program in Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Hung-Yi Chuang
- Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Jung Chang
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 10610, Taiwan; (T.-F.H.); (C.-Y.H.); (Y.-J.C.)
| | - Hsi Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Hsueh-Chih Chen
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, College of Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 10610, Taiwan;
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Ferreira GLGP. Mapping digital dating abuse in Brasil and Australia. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2023; 28:3259-3272. [PMID: 37971008 DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320232811.20492022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Technology plays a key role in young people's relationships. While its benefits are well known, less is known about its negative impacts and experiences, such as digital dating abuse. Most studies originate from North American and European countries and have not framed digital dating abuse as a multidimensional phenomenon. Exploring this social and public health issue in the Global-South is necessary because it significantly impacts youths' lives. I use Brown and Hegarty's framework of digital dating abuse as a wide range of harmful behaviours and a gender perspective to review the extant literature on adolescent victimisation in digital dating abuse in heterosexual relationships from a southern perspective. This perspective is demonstrated by drawing primarily from the scholarship of two countries in the Global-South, Brasil and Australia. I argue that digital dating abuse is a multifaceted and gendered phenomenon and suggest a qualitative approach across multiple southern countries aids researchers to compile and study adolescent digital dating abuse experiences, contexts and impacts. This contemporary phenomenon of adolescent digital dating abuse merits scholarly attention as a social and public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisella Lopes Gomes Pinto Ferreira
- School of Justice, Faculty of Creative Industries, Education and Social Justice, Queensland University of Technology. School of Justice, Queensland University of Technology, A Block, Level 3, 149 Victoria Park Rd, Kelvin Grove QLD 4059. Queensland Austrália.
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Vogler S, Kappel R, Mumford E. Experiences of Technology-Facilitated Abuse Among Sexual and Gender Minorities. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:11290-11313. [PMID: 37386848 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231179724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Technology-facilitated abuse (TFA) against sexual and gender minority (SGM) adults is a serious though understudied issue. Few studies have examined the types, extent, and perpetrators of TFA against SGMs, and those that have analyzed any of these phenomena have mostly done so with samples of youths. This article offers results of a nationally representative survey on experiences of TFA among a sample of 2,752 U.S. adults aged 18 to 35 years, including 504 SGMs. The prevalence and types of TFA against SGMs were examined using a 27-item inventory capturing six general types of TFA, including surveillance, cyber-interference/communications, reputational harm, monitoring/tracking, fraud, and controlling/limiting access. Respondents could also indicate their relationship to the perpetrator. Results revealed significant differences in the prevalence, types, and perpetrators of TFA against SMGs (compared to non-SGMs), such that SGMs experienced greater levels of TFA victimization, were more likely to be victimized by perpetrators who were not intimate or ex-intimate partners, and were more likely to experience all forms of TFA, except for monitoring/tracking. No significant differences were found for general experiences of TFA victimization between cisgender and non-cisgender individuals or between sexual minority males and sexual minority females. Results thus show that although SGMs and non-SGMs experience similar types of TFA, SGMs experience TFA at higher rates. These findings provide a vital foundation for future work on TFA victimization among SGMs and offer insights for policy and practice, particularly for practitioners and clinicians working with SGMs. Findings indicate a potential need for greater access to health care, victim services, technological support, and legal aid for SGMs due to their increased risk of TFA victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Vogler
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Chicago, USA
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Wallace A, Langevin R, Hébert M. An Analysis of Risk and Protective Factors Associated with Cyber-Dating Violence Victimization of Adolescent Girls: An Ecological Perspective. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2023; 16:1-13. [PMID: 37359467 PMCID: PMC10225769 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-023-00558-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Cyber-dating violence (cyber-DV) is a prevalent issue among adolescent girls that can have negative consequences including post-traumatic stress symptoms and suicidal ideations and attempts. In the aim to reduce its prevalence and impacts, researchers are increasingly relying on the identification of risk and protective factors associated with cyber-DV across multiple ecological contexts. The current study aimed to examine the influence of individual (e.g., dissociation), interpersonal (e.g., offline forms of dating violence) and community level (e.g., community support) factors associated with the cyber-DV victimization of adolescent girls. A sample of 456 adolescent girls (M = 16.17 years old, SD = 1.28) was recruited online to complete a survey. At the individual level, emotion dysregulation, dissociative symptoms, post-traumatic stress symptoms and resilience were measured. Offline forms of DV and a history of child sexual abuse were assessed at the interpersonal level. Finally, at the community level, community support, community resilience, neighborhood material and social disadvantage were evaluated. Results from a hierarchical logistic regression indicated that exposure to offline DV namely verbal-emotional DV, sexual DV, threats, as well as living in neighborhoods with lower levels of social disadvantage were significantly associated with an increased risk of cyber-DV victimization. Cyber-DV preventative intervention efforts should focus on incorporating cyber-DV specific modules and activities into offline DV prevention and intervention programs as to reduce the likelihood of adolescents suffering both forms of DV and their associated repercussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimée Wallace
- Department of Sexology, Université du Québec a Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Rachel Langevin
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Martine Hébert
- Département de Sexologie, Université du Québec a Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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Fernández-González L, Orue I, González-Cabrera J, Machimbarrena JM, Calvete E. The Protective Role of Dispositional Mindfulness on Cyber Dating Abuse: A 6-Month Longitudinal Study. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023:8862605231162885. [PMID: 36987389 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231162885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Dispositional mindfulness has been related to a decreased propensity to aggressive behaviors toward others, including dating partners. Nevertheless, research in the context of romantic relationships is scarce, based on cross-sectional designs and offline (face to face) aggression. Thus, this 6-month longitudinal study seeks to fill a gap in the literature by examining the predictive role of dispositional mindfulness facets (observing, describing, acting with awareness, non-judging, and non-reacting) in the perpetration of cyber dating abuse (CDA) behaviors in adolescents. The moderator role of the dispositional mindfulness facets in the perpetuation over time of cyber aggression toward the partner was also explored. Participants were 501 high school students (54.1% girls; mean age: 14.17 years, SD = 1.39) from different regions of Spain who completed self-report measures about CDA and dispositional mindfulness at two time points with a 6-month interval between them. Path analysis showed that the acting with awareness mindfulness facet predicted a decrease in the perpetration of CDA 6 months later. Moreover, non-reacting showed a moderator role in the perpetuation over time of CDA. In particular, adolescents with higher scores on non-reacting, evidenced a lower perpetuation of CDA. Mindfulness-based interventions can be a valuable tool in preventing cyber aggression that occurs in adolescent dating relationships.
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The prevalence of cyber dating abuse among adolescents and emerging adults: A meta-analysis. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2023.107726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Yang J, Parent MC, Johnson NL. The Role of Minority Stressors in Digital Dating Abuse Victimization and Perpetration among Sexual Minority Men. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:3906-3923. [PMID: 36000406 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221109920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Digital dating abuse (DDA), a manifestation of intimate partner violence (IPV), is becoming more relevant. Despite elevated rates of IPV among sexual minority individuals and increased experiences of DDA, research has focused largely on face-to-face forms of IPV (e.g., physical assault) among presumed heterosexual couples. The minority stress theory offers a lens through which we can understand the elevated rates of IPV, including DDA, among sexual minority individuals. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of minority stressors in DDA victimization and perpetration among sexual minority men. A sample of 491 cisgender gay and bisexual men (Mage = 31.35, SDage = 11.60) was recruited online. Consistent with prior research, discrimination was associated positively with internalized homophobia (IHP). Discrimination and IHP were directly linked to DDA victimization and perpetration. Indirect effect from discrimination to DDA victimization and perpetration, mediated by IHP, were significant. This study highlights the relationship between minority stressors and DDA among sexual minority men and indicates the need for more work on DDA among marginalized groups including sexual and gender minorities.
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Er S, Murat M, Yılmaz S, Buzlu S. Associations between knowledge level and attitudes towards cyber-dating abuse and dating violence in nursing students. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2022; 119:105551. [PMID: 36174278 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dating violence is an increasing issue among young people and affects them psychologically. It also includes characteristics like controlling and/or monitoring. Cyber-dating abuse is dating violence characterized as harassing another person in a romantic connection via texting or online emails to control, threaten, or stalk them. OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to investigate nursing students' knowledge of and attitudes towards dating, dating violence, and cyber-dating violence. DESIGN This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS The sample consisted of 448 nursing students from three universities in Istanbul, Turkey. METHODS Data were collected using a Personal Information Form, the Dating Violence Knowledge Form (DVKF), the Dating Violence Scale (DVS), and the Cyber-Dating Abuse Questionnaire (CDAQ). RESULTS Participants had a mean age of 20.9 ± 1.9 years. Most participants were women (83.7 %). More than a quarter of the participants were involved in romantic relationships (30.6 %). Participants had a mean DVKF score of 82.0 ± 9.1. One in ten participants was subjected to dating violence (11.2 %). Participants had a mean DVS score of 4.69 ± 0.25. There was no significant difference in CDAQ scores between participants who used violence (28.3 ± 11.5) and those subjected to violence (27.0 ± 8.9). There was a negative correlation between participants' DVKF and CDAQ scores (p < 0.05). The results showed that participants had a high DVKF score and disapproved of dating violence. Participants with a higher DVKF score were less likely to use or be exposed to cyber violence. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we should develop interventions to strengthen young people's mental health because they are subjected to dating violence. Nurse educators and nurses should also plan interventions to protect young people's mental health and raise their awareness of cyber violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Er
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Ataşehir/Istanbul 34758, Turkey.
| | - Merve Murat
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Hamidiye Faculty of Nursing, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevil Yılmaz
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Sisli-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevim Buzlu
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Sisli-Istanbul, Turkey
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Control Violence Begins in Adolescent Dating: A Research from Students’ Perception. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19158974. [PMID: 35897341 PMCID: PMC9331708 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19158974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of controlling violence experienced by adolescents in the Region of Murcia, as well as to analyze the patterns and sociodemographic variables involved such as sex, age, religious beliefs, sexual orientation, and country of origin of the families with the consequent cultural background provided. Using a sample of 454 secondary and high school students who completed a survey, the results revealed that 29.96% of the respondents were perpetrators (exerted violence) and 35.68% were victims of at least one dating abuse behavior. Significant differences were found in the occurrence of abuse based on family background, age, and religion. Finally, the results revealed that there were no significant differences in the victimization or perpetration of violence in relation to sex, but the older the victim, the less control exercised in cybernetic media, and the greater the control of the other in relation to family origin, where those from Latin American and African countries showed a greater propensity to control their partners than those of Spanish origin.
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Costa B, Simões M, Carvalho Relva I, Azevedo MDC. Ciberabuso no namoro: Que relação com a sensibilidade moral numa amostra de estudantes universitários? REVISTA DE ESTUDIOS E INVESTIGACIÓN EN PSICOLOGÍA Y EDUCACIÓN 2022. [DOI: 10.17979/reipe.2022.9.0.8911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A presente investigação procurou explorar a relação entre ciberabuso no namoro e sensibilidade moral numa amostra de estudantes universitários. A amostra foi constituída por 239 estudantes universitários com idades compreendidas entre os 17 e os 49 anos (M = 21.50; DP = 4.70). Foram utilizados como instrumentos a Escala de Sensibilidade Moral (ESE), o Questionário sobre Ciberabuso no Namoro (CibAN) e um questionário sociodemográfico. Os principais resultados sugerem que existem diferenças em função do sexo nas dimensões Ler e Expressar Emoções, Tomar Perspetiva dos Outros, Cuidado ao conectar-se com outros e Gerar Interpretações e Opções, sendo que o sexo feminino, de um modo geral, apresentou níveis superiores comparativamente ao sexo masculino. Relativamente à variável ciberabuso no namoro, foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas em função do sexo nas dimensões vitimação – agressão direta e perpetração – agressão direta, sendo que o sexo masculino apresentou maior pontuação face ao sexo feminino em ambas. Verificaram-se ainda correlações negativas significativas entre dimensões do ciberabuso e dimensões da sensibilidade moral. Face aos resultados evidenciados, considera-se de extrema relevância a implementação de programas de intervenção direcionados para o desenvolvimento de competências ligadas à sensibilidade moral pois estas parecem permitir o desenvolvimento de comportamentos pró-sociais, contribuindo assim para a diminuição de comportamentos desviantes.
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Monteiro AP, Correia E, Guedes S. Ciberabuso no namoro em estudantes do ensino superior: autoestima e tempo de duração da relação. REVISTA DE ESTUDIOS E INVESTIGACIÓN EN PSICOLOGÍA Y EDUCACIÓN 2022. [DOI: 10.17979/reipe.2022.9.0.8910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
O aumento da popularidade, quer das novas tecnologias, quer da Internet, tem dado oportunidade ao surgimento de novas formas de violência. O ciberabuso no namoro representa uma nova forma de violência no namoro, tendo o mesmo vindo a ganhar dimensões preocupantes. Assim, este estudo tem como objetivos caraterizar a prevalência do ciberabuso no namoro, estudar a relação entre o ciberabuso no namoro e a autoestima, e averiguar se existem diferenças no ciberabuso no namoro consoante o tempo de duração da relação. Participaram 894 estudantes do ensino superior com idades compreendidas entre os 17 e os 56 anos (M = 21.27, DP = 3.69). Foram aplicados um Questionário Sociodemográfico, o Questionário sobre Ciberabuso no Namoro e a Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que mais de 50% dos participantes sofreram e/ou perpetraram ciberabuso no namoro, verificando-se uma prevalência superior de ciberabuso no namoro por controlo. A autoestima relacionou-se significativamente com alguns fatores desta tipologia de violência, verificando-se ainda que indivíduos que nunca tinham sido vítimas de ciberabuso no namoro, bem como aqueles que nunca tinham perpetrado ciberabuso no namoro, apresentaram uma autoestima mais baixa. Por fim, observou-se que os participantes que estavam há mais tempo numa relação praticaram mais atos de agressão por controlo. Assim, parece pertinente adotar medidas de consciencialização acerca deste fenómeno.
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Díaz-Aguado MJ, Martínez-Arias R. Types of Male Adolescent Violence Against Women in Three Contexts: Dating Violence Offline, Dating Violence Online, and Sexual Harassment Online Outside a Relationship. Front Psychol 2022; 13:850897. [PMID: 35356329 PMCID: PMC8959849 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.850897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been little investigation of male adolescent violence against women as acknowledged by boys themselves, and even less on such violence in different contexts with comparative studies of behavior between those who perpetrate this violence and the population at large. This study used cluster analysis to establish a male adolescent typology based on boys' self-reporting of violence against women in three contexts. The participants were 3,132 Spanish teenage boys aged 14-18 with experience of relationships with girls. Three discrete, identifiable types were obtained: the first group (69.8%), of non-violent boys; the second group (26%), more involved in sexual harassment online outside a relationship but with a low incidence of dating violence offline; the third group (4.2%), with abuse in the three contexts but less involved in sexual harassment online than the second group. The logistic regression analysis showed that justification of male dominance and violence was the main risk condition for inclusion in the second and third groups, followed by low self-esteem (for the third group) and risky sexual behaviors online (for the second and third groups). The findings based on these results are important for preventing male adolescent dating violence against women in the three male types detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Díaz-Aguado
- Unidad de Psicología Preventiva, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Martínez Soto A, Ibabe I. Recommended Instruments for Analyzing Cyber Dating Violence: A Systematic Review. THE SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 25:e4. [PMID: 35045906 DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2021.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cyber dating violence is an emerging form of dating violence that may have serious health effects on adolescents and young people, and in recent years interest in its study has increased. In order to understand completely the nature and magnitude of the problem, a clear understanding of the concept, constructs and well-established measurement tools are needed. The goal of this study was to analyze the measurement instruments of cyber dating violence in adolescents and young adults, and to determine which are the best suitable to use. To accomplish these objectives a systematic review was carried out. After reviewing the literature, twenty-four measurement instruments were analyzed, with important differences found between them in terms, constructs, dimensions and measurement attributes, as well as differences in their assessed psychometric properties. Once the methodological quality evaluation of the instruments was carried out following COSMIN (COnsensus based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments) guidelines, three scales were found to be recommendable depending on the age and cultural context of participants: Cyber Dating Abuse Questionnaire (Borrajo, Gámez-Guadix, Pereda, et al., 2015), Technology-facilitated Abuse in Relationships Scale (Brown & Hegarty, 2021), and Abuse in Teen Relationships (CARPA; Calvete et al., 2021).
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Lu Y, Van Ouytsel J, Temple JR. In-Person and Cyber Dating Abuse: A Longitudinal Investigation. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2021; 38:3713-3731. [PMID: 36382139 PMCID: PMC9645533 DOI: 10.1177/02654075211065202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
While studies have identified associations between cyber and in-person dating abuse, most research has relied on cross-sectional data, limiting the ability to determine temporality. This study tested the longitudinal associations between cyber and physical and psychological forms of in-person dating abuse. Data were from an ongoing longitudinal study following a group of high school students originally recruited in Southeast Texas, U.S., into their young adulthood. Three waves of data (Waves 4-6) were used, with each wave collected one year apart. At Wave 4, participants' age ranged from 16 years to 20 years (Mean = 18.1 years, Median = 18.0 years, SD = .78). The analytical sample consisted of 879 adolescents/young adults (59% female, 41% male; 32% Hispanics, 28% Black, 29% White, and 11% other) who completed the dating abuse questions. Cross-lagged panel analysis showed that dating abuse victimization and perpetration were predictive of subsequent dating abuse of the same type. Cyber dating abuse perpetration was found to predict subsequent physical dating abuse perpetration as well as physical dating abuse victimization, but not vice versa. Further, cyber dating abuse perpetration predicted psychological dating abuse victimization, but not vice versa. Cyber dating abuse victimization was not significantly associated with either physical or psychological dating abuse temporally. Overall, findings suggest that cyber dating abuse perpetration may be a risk marker for both physical and psychological forms of in-person dating abuse. Interventions may benefit from targeting cyber dating abuse perpetration as means to prevent in-person dating abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- University of Oklahoma, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Norman, OK 73019
| | - Joris Van Ouytsel
- Hugh Downs School of Human Communication, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
| | - Jeff R Temple
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Center for Violence Prevention, Galveston, TX 77555-0587
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Agnieszka Wrzesińska M, Knol-Michałowska K, Stecz P, Kopytowska M, Binder-Olibrowska K. Internet risky behaviours among youth with visual impairment. PeerJ 2021. [DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Young individuals with visual impairment (VI), exposed to higher risky of social exclusion, might be more prone to Internet risky behaviours including electronic aggression.
Objective
Different types of Internet risky behaviours and the average time spent online were investigated among students with VI. These behaviours were analyzed for the relationship with witnessing, perpetrating and becoming a victim of electronic aggression.
Methods
A total of 490 special needs school students with VI answered a self-administered questionnaire. The average time spent online, different types of risky Internet activities and electronic aggression were recorded, as well as sociodemographic characteristics.
Results
Male students downloaded software illegally, hacked, published and viewed sites with sexual content, and gambled online statistically more often than female counterparts. Concerning electronic aggression, more than half of participants were engaged as witnesses, every fifth student as a victim and 11.6% as perpetrators. Two sets of ordinal logistic regression analyses have shown that communication with a person promoting violence and an excessive amount of time spent online during weekends predicted significantly the risk of witnessing and being a victim of electronic aggression. Additionally, communicating with a person promoting violence and an excessive amount of time spent online during schooldays were associated with increased odds for engagement in electronic aggression as a perpetrator.
Conclusions
Population with VI is prone to risky Internet use and likely to be engaged in electronic aggression. New instruments and preventive strategies need to be developed, as well as diagnostic tools tailored specifically to the needs of young people with VI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamila Knol-Michałowska
- National Centre for Workplace Health Promotion, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Patryk Stecz
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychopathology, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Kopytowska
- Department of Pragmatics, Institute of English Studies, Faculty of Philology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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20
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Alsawalqa RO. Evaluating Female Experiences of Electronic Dating Violence in Jordan: Motivations, Consequences, and Coping Strategies. Front Psychol 2021; 12:719702. [PMID: 34916986 PMCID: PMC8669046 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.719702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gender stereotypes can influence electronic dating violence (EDV) because the victims' experiences with abusers depict crucial social mechanisms concerning relational dependency and unequal power relations between men and women, making it difficult for women to resist, report, or escape cyber abuse. In the Arab context, cyber abuse in romantic relationships has not been sufficiently examined. This study investigated female experiences of EDV through a qualitative exploratory descriptive approach. Participants experienced several short- and long-term negative psychological and emotional behavioral responses. Our findings validate that EDV heightened the probability of intimate partner violence definitively via psychological, emotional, verbal, and physical abuse. Their resistance strategies differed according to the extent and nature of the abuse. None of the participants sought help from family due to fear of being killed or forced out of university, and realizing that they would continue to experience multiple forms of abuse. Rather, they either sought help from female professors at the university or paid the abuser to be left alone. Further, they engaged in protective behaviors to block their abusive partner's access to them, consulted an Information Technology expert, and secretly requested assistance from the police. Preference for controlling and dominant roles, gaining monetary benefits, sexual exploitation, peer pressure, and revenge and anger due to abandonment were the leading motivations for abuse. Female students in their first year of university, those who lived in a disjointed family environment, or those who suffered abuse from their families were particularly susceptible to being victimized. Moreover, passwords shared with others or accounts left open on others' devices also enabled EDV. Hence, universities must conduct awareness sessions, for female students, on how to manage emotions and safe communication on social media and build healthy friendships and relationships. Curricula, seminars, workshops, and courses in the Jordanian educational sector should include programs and interventions that challenge perceived gender norms. These results have significant practical and clinical implications that help understand EDV in a poorly understood context and provide the groundwork for further research on the EDV problem in Jordan, addressing a lacuna in the literature on violence against Jordanian women.
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Ellyson AM, Adhia A, Lyons VH, Rivara FP. Prevalence, age of initiation, and patterns of co-occurrence of digital dating abuse behaviors nationwide. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2021; 122:105921. [PMID: 33776176 PMCID: PMC7993642 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little is known about the patterns of adolescent and young adult digital dating abuse (DDA) nationwide. This study characterizes (1) the lifetime prevalence, (2) the age of initiation, and (3) the patterns of co-occurrence of both using and experiencing DDA behaviors in dating relationships. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among a sample of 696 U.S. young adults recruited from Prolific, an online research platform. The sample was 50.7% female, 43.7% male, and 5.6% gender non-binary or transgender. The average age was 18.7 years (SD = 0.63, range: 16-22). RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS Among those with dating experience, 76.1% (n = 530) reported either using or experiencing at least one DDA behavior in their lifetime. Overall, 42.9% of respondents reported using and 58.3% experiencing digital monitoring and control behaviors, 25.0% reported using and 49.2% experiencing digital direct aggression, and 12.4% reported using and 36.4% experiencing digital sexual coercion. The average age of initiation for most DDA behaviors was 16 years with respondents reporting experiencing these behaviors at 11 years of age at the earliest. Of those with any involvement with DDA, 59.2% report both using at least one DDA behavior and experiencing at least one DDA behavior (n = 314), 32.5% report experiencing at least one DDA behavior but not using any (n = 172), and 8.3% report using at least one DDA behavior but not experiencing any (n = 44). DDA behaviors are common, can occur at young ages. Our findings highlight crossover between those who use and those who experience DDA behaviors and suggest prevention should focus on underlying issues that drive both the use and experience of these behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice M. Ellyson
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children’s Research Institute M/S CW8-5, PO BOX 5371, Seattle, WA 98145-5005, United States
- Firearm Injury and Policy Research Program, Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington 401 Broadway, 4th Floor, Seattle, WA 98122, United States
| | - Avanti Adhia
- Firearm Injury and Policy Research Program, Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington 401 Broadway, 4th Floor, Seattle, WA 98122, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington 1959 NE Pacific St. Box 356320, Seattle, WA 98195-6320, United States
| | - Vivian H. Lyons
- Firearm Injury and Policy Research Program, Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington 401 Broadway, 4th Floor, Seattle, WA 98122, United States
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, United States
| | - Frederick P. Rivara
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children’s Research Institute M/S CW8-5, PO BOX 5371, Seattle, WA 98145-5005, United States
- Firearm Injury and Policy Research Program, Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington 401 Broadway, 4th Floor, Seattle, WA 98122, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington 1959 NE Pacific St. Box 356320, Seattle, WA 98195-6320, United States
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Brown C, Hegarty K. Development and validation of the TAR Scale: A measure of technology-facilitated abuse in relationships. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Fasanelli R, Galli I, Grassia MG, Marino M, Cataldo R, Lauro CN, Castiello C, Grassia F, Arcidiacono C, Procentese F. The Use of Partial Least Squares-Path Modelling to Understand the Impact of Ambivalent Sexism on Violence-Justification among Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17144991. [PMID: 32664458 PMCID: PMC7400311 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17144991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gender violence is generally conceived as a phenomenon concerning only adults. Nonetheless, it is also perpetrated within teenagers’ relationships, as many empirical studies have shown. We therefore have focused our attention on a non-probabilistic sample consisting of 400 adolescents living in Naples (Italy), to study the association between sexism and the justification of violent attitudes. Generally, sexism is recognised as a discriminatory attitude towards people, based on their biological sex. However, it is conventional to talk about sexism as a prejudice against women. The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) for adolescents was used to evaluate the two dimensions of ambivalent sexism, i.e., hostile sexism (HS) and benevolent sexism (BS). Moreover, the questionnaire regarding attitudes towards diversity and violence (CADV) was administered to assess participants’ attitudes towards violence. A Partial Least Square–Second Order Path Model reveals that girls’ ambivalent sexism is affected more by benevolent sexism than hostile sexism. On the contrary, among boys, hostile sexism has a higher impact. Finally, benevolent sexist girls justify domestic violence more than boys do.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Fasanelli
- Department of Social Science, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (I.G.); (M.G.G.); (M.M.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-08-1253-5841
| | - Ida Galli
- Department of Social Science, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (I.G.); (M.G.G.); (M.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Maria Gabriella Grassia
- Department of Social Science, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (I.G.); (M.G.G.); (M.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Marina Marino
- Department of Social Science, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (I.G.); (M.G.G.); (M.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Rosanna Cataldo
- Department of Social Science, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (I.G.); (M.G.G.); (M.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Carlo Natale Lauro
- Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Chiara Castiello
- Institute for Socio-Psychological Training, Research and Sexual Education, 80127 Naples, Italy;
| | | | - Caterina Arcidiacono
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (F.P.)
| | - Fortuna Procentese
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (F.P.)
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Loneliness, Depressive Mood and Cyberbullying Victimization in Adolescent Victims of Cyber Dating Violence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124269. [PMID: 32549276 PMCID: PMC7345753 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Currently, cyber dating violence (CDV) is a serious health problem among adolescents due to their frequent use of communication technologies in their romantic relationships including the use of these technologies to perpetrate dating violence. However, research on this topic is recent and more studies about victims’ psychosocial adjustment are needed. The objectives of this study were to analyze the prevalence of CDV victimization according to frequency (occasional and frequent) and type (cyber control and cyber-aggression) and to explore their relations with loneliness, depressive mood and cyberbullying victimization. A total of 604 adolescents (M age = 14.32, SD = 1.67) who had a dating relationship at the time or in the past 12 months, participated in this study. The results showed a higher prevalence for cyber-control than cyber-aggression victimization, and positive correlations of CDV victimization with depressive mood and cyberbullying victimization in boys and girls. Positive correlations with loneliness were also observed for girls. The average effect size of the aforementioned correlations was large for girls and medium for boys. Both boys and girls who were frequent victims of CDV also suffered more cyberbullying by peers than those who were never, and occasionally, cyber victimized by their partners. Girls who were frequent victims of CDV also reported higher scores for loneliness and depressive mood, with a small average effect size. All these results highlight close relations between cyberbullying and CDV in adolescents, being necessary to pay greater attention to possible experiences of poly-victimization, and a worse psychosocial adjustment in frequently victimized girls than boys. These findings may be useful for developing more effective intervention programs.
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Cava MJ, Buelga S, Carrascosa L, Ortega-Barón J. Relations among Romantic Myths, Offline Dating Violence Victimization and Cyber Dating Violence Victimization in Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1551. [PMID: 32121215 PMCID: PMC7094208 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyber dating violence is an increasing problem with serious negative consequences for adolescents. Further knowledge about related variables is necessary to develop preventive strategies. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlations among cyber dating violence victimization (cyber-control and cyber-aggression), offline dating violence victimization (physical, verbal-emotional, and relational) and adolescents' beliefs in myths of romantic love; and to examine possible differences in cyber-control victimization, cyber-aggression victimization and offline dating violence victimization (relational, physical and verbal-emotional) according to adolescents' levels of belief (low vs. high) in myths of romantic love. The role of offline dating violence victimization (physical, verbal-emotional and relational) and romantic myths as predictor variables of cyber-control and cyber-aggression victimization was also explored. All these analyses were carried out separately with boys and girls. Of an initial sample of 919 adolescents, those who have had a dating relationship in the past year (492 adolescents, M = 15.10, SD = 1.59) were included. The regression analyses revealed that offline dating violence victimization and romantic myths were significant predictors of cyber-control and cyber-aggression victimization for both boys and girls, but explained variance was higher for girls. Verbal-emotional offline dating violence victimization was the main predictor of cyber-control victimization, and physical and relational offline dating violence victimizations were the main predictors of cyber-aggression victimization. These results can be useful for developing more effective offline and cyber dating violence prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Jesús Cava
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Social Psychology, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Sofía Buelga
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Social Psychology, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Laura Carrascosa
- Valencian International University-VIU, Calle Pintor Sorolla 21, 46002 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Jessica Ortega-Barón
- Faculty of Education, International University of la Rioja (UNIR), Avenida de la Paz, 137, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain;
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