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Synthesis and anticancer activity of 5′-chloromethylphosphonates of 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine (AZT). Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:6375-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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2
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Khandazhinskaya A, Matyugina E, Shirokova E. Anti-HIV therapy with AZT prodrugs: AZT phosphonate derivatives, current state and prospects. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2010; 6:701-14. [DOI: 10.1517/17425251003713501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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3
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Yao K, Hoest C, Rashti F, Schott TC, Jacobson S. Effect of (r)-9-[4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)butyl]guanine (H2G) and AZT-lipid-PFA on human herpesvirus-6B infected cells. J Clin Virol 2009; 46:10-4. [PMID: 19524486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2009.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) has been associated with a wide spectrum of diseases. (r)-9-[4-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)butyl]guanine (H2G) is an acyclic guanosine analogue that is structurally similar to acyclovir and is in clinical development for treatment of herpesvirus infections. H2G has been found to have activity against HSV type 1, HSV type 2, and HHV-6 in lymphoblast cell lines. A new anti-viral duplex drug, 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidylyl-(5'-->2-O)-3-O-octadecyl-sn-glycerol (AZT-lipid-PFA), linking zidovudine (AZT) and foscarnet (PFA) via a lipophilic octadecylglycerol residue (lipid) also exhibits anti-viral activities against HIV, HSV type 1 and HCMV. OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of H2G and AZT-lipid-PFA conjugate against HHV-6. STUDY DESIGN Drug-associated toxicity and proliferative response were evaluated. We conducted in vitro experiments to determine the efficacy of H2G and an AZT-lipid-PFA conjugate in interfering with expression HHV-6 viral transcript in primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). RESULTS Both H2G and AZT-lipid-PFA were effective at inhibiting expression of HHV-6 gene transcript at comparable concentrations. Additionally, while AZT-lipid-PFA treatment was toxic to cells at concentrations above 5microM, H2G treatment was associated with minimal cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION These data suggest the potential application of these anti-viral compounds in controlling HHV-6 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Yao
- Viral Immunology Section, Neuroimmunology Branch, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
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4
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Schott H, Hamprecht K, Schott S, Schott TC, Schwendener RA. Synthesis and in vitro activities of a new antiviral duplex drug linking Zidovudine (AZT) and Foscarnet (PFA) via an octadecylglycerol residue. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 17:303-10. [PMID: 19010684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.10.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2008] [Revised: 10/29/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To prepare a new antiviral duplex drug linking Zidovudine (AZT) and Foscarnet (PFA) via a lipophilic octadecylglycerol residue we condensed 1-O-4-monomethoxytrityl-3-O-octadecyl-sn-glycerol-2-hydrogenphosphonate obtained from 3-O-octadecyl-sn-glycerol with AZT by the phosphonate method. The purified condensation product was de-tritylated resulting in 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidylyl-(5'-->2-O)-3-O-octadecyl-sn-glycerol, followed by treatment with (ethoxycarbonyl)phosphoric dichloride. The resulting 3'-azido-3'-deoxy-thymidylyl-(5'-->2)-3-O-octadecyl-sn-glycerol-1-O-(ethoxycarbonyl)phosphonate was purified by preparative RP-18 column chromatography. The antiviral duplex drug 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidylyl-(5'-->2-O)-3-O-octadecyl-sn-glycerol-1-O-phosphonoformate trisodium salt (AZT-lipid-PFA) was obtained after alkaline cleavage of the phosphonoformate ethylester residue. The overall yield of the five step synthesis performed at gram scale was about 30%. According to a supposed pathway AZT-lipid-PFA could be cleaved to yield a mixture of different antiviral compounds such as AZT, AZT-5'-monophosphate, octadecylglycerol-AZT, PFA and octadecylglycerol-PFA, possibly producing additive and/or synergistic antiviral effects. In vitro studies showed that the duplex drug exhibits antiviral activities against HIV and especially against drug-resistant strains and clinical isolates of HSV and HCMV. The E(50) values of AZT-lipid-PFA against HIV ranged between 170 and 200 nM. The half-maximal inhibitory doses (IC(50)) against highly acyclovir (ACV)-resistant HSV isolates determined by a plaque reduction assay ranged between 1.87 and 4.59 microM. Using ganciclovir (GCV)-sensitive, GCV resistant and drug cross-resistant HCMV strains the IC(50)-values of AZT-lipid-PFA were between 2.78 and 1.18 microM. With regard to PFA, the IC(50)-value of AZT-lipid-PFA determined on a multi-drug-resistant HCMV strain was about 90-fold lower than that of PFA, demonstrating the superior antiviral effect of the duplex-drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Schott
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
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5
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Abstract
Nanogels are colloidal microgel carriers that have been recently introduced as a prospective drug delivery system for nucleotide therapeutics. The crosslinked protonated polymer network of nanogels binds oppositely charged drug molecules, encapsulating them into submicron particles with a core-shell structure. The nanogel network also provides a suitable template for chemical engineering, surface modification and vectorisation. This review reveals recent attempts to develop novel drug formulations of nanogels with antiviral and antiproliferative nucleoside analogs in the active form of 5'-triphosphates, discusses structural approaches to the optimisation of nanogel properties, and discusses the development of targeted nanogel drug formulations for systemic administration. Notably, nanogels can improve the CNS penetration of nucleoside analogs that are otherwise restricted from passing across the blood-brain barrier. The latest findings reviewed here demonstrate an efficient intracellular release of nucleoside analogs, encouraging further applications of nanogel carriers for targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serguei V Vinogradov
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciencess, College of Pharmacy and Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Omaha, NE 68198-5830, USA.
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Gagnard V, Leydet A, Morère A, Montero JL, Lefèbvre I, Gosselin G, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of S-acyl-3-thiopropyl prodrugs of Foscarnet. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:1393-402. [PMID: 15018912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2003] [Accepted: 01/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A new enzyme-labile group called S-acyl-3-thiopropyl group (SATP) has been synthesized from allylic esters of phosphonate. After demonstration of the enzyme-labile character of the SATP in cellular extracts, it has been introduced onto the phosphonate moiety of PFA (Foscarnet) to obtain potential lipophilic prodrugs. To ponder the lipophilicity of the triesters of PFA, esters of monomethylether of polyethyleneglycols and of thioglycerol were introduced on the PFA carboxylate moiety. The SATP groups were introduced in an attempt to deliver PFA after bioactivation inside the cells. The PFA prodrugs were evaluated in vitro for their activity against human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Gagnard
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biomoléculaire, UMR 5032, Université Montpellier II,ENSCM, 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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7
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Shirokova EA, Jasko MV, Khandazhinskaya AL, Yanvarev DV, Skoblov YS, Pronayeva TR, Fedyuk NV, Pokrovsky AG, Kukhanova MK. New lipophilic derivatives of AZT and d4T 5'-phosphonates. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2003; 22:981-5. [PMID: 14565326 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120022718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
5'-Aminocarbonylphosphonyl and aminocarbonylmethylphosphonyl diesters of AZT and d4T were synthesized as potential anti-HIV agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Shirokova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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8
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Abstract
Bioactivatable protecting groups represent an enormously powerful tool to increase bioavailability or to generally help deliver drugs to cells. This approach is particularly valuable in the case of biologically active phosphates because of the high intrinsic hydrophilicity and the multitude of biological functions phosphate esters exhibit inside cells. Here, the most prominent masking groups used so far are introduced. The stability and toxicology of the resulting prodrugs is discussed. Finally, this review tries to cover briefly some of the work that describes the usefulness and efficiency of the approach in various application areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Schultz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Karpenko IL, Jasko MV, Andronova VL, Ivanov AV, Kukhanova MK, Galegov GA, Skoblov YS. Synthesis and antiherpetic activity of acyclovir phosphonates. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2003; 22:319-28. [PMID: 12816390 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120021431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Phosphonate derivatives of acyclovir containing phosphorous acid and ethoxycarbonylphosphonic acid residues as well as their isopropyl esters were prepared. They selectively inhibited the herpes simplex virus 1 reproduction in Vero cell culture, the efficacy of esters being 3-4 times higher than that of ACV. The hydrolysis of the synthesized compounds was studied in the PBS buffer and human blood serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna L Karpenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
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10
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Griffon JF, Mathé C, Faraj A, Aubertin AM, De Clercq E, Balzarini J, Sommadossi JP, Gosselin G. Stereospecific synthesis and biological evaluations of beta-L-pentofuranonucleoside derivatives of 5-fluorouracil and 5-fluorocytosine. Eur J Med Chem 2001; 36:447-60. [PMID: 11451533 DOI: 10.1016/s0223-5234(01)01238-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the search for new chemotherapeutic agents, we have focused our work on the synthesis and the study of several unnatural beta-L-nucleoside analogues. In this paper, we report on the synthesis of beta-L-pentofuranonucleosides (and their 2'-deoxy derivatives) of 5-fluorouracil and their inhibitory effects on the proliferation of several murine and human tumor cells. The corresponding 5-fluorocytosine derivatives were also synthesized and their anti-HIV and anti-HBV activities have been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Griffon
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biomoléculaire de Synthèse, UMR 5625 CNRS-UM II, Université Montpellier II, case courrier 008, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier, France
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11
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Jeannot F, Mathé C, Gosselin G. Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of 3'-C-trifluoromethyl nucleoside derivatives bearing adenine as the base. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2001; 20:755-8. [PMID: 11563109 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100002423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
3'-deoxy-3'-C-trifluoromethyl- (3), 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-C-trifluoromethyl- (5) and 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydro-3'-C-trifluoromethyladenosine (6) derivatives have been synthesized and their antiviral properties examined. All these derivatives were stereospecifically prepared by glycosylation of adenine with a trifluoromethyl sugar precursor (1), followed by appropriate chemical modifications. The prepared compounds were tested for their activity against HIV, but they did not show an antiviral effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jeannot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biomoléculaire de Synthèse, UMR 5625 CNRS-UM II, Université Montpellier II, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
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12
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Gaubert G, Mathé C, Imbach J, Eriksson S, Vincenzetti S, Salvatori D, Vita A, Maury G. Unnatural enantiomers of 5-azacytidine analogues: syntheses and enzymatic properties. Eur J Med Chem 2000; 35:1011-9. [PMID: 11137229 DOI: 10.1016/s0223-5234(00)01184-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although 2'-deoxy-beta-D-5-azacytidine (Decitabine) and beta-D-5-azacytidine display potent antileukemic properties, their therapeutic use is hampered by their sensitivity to nucleophiles and to deamination catalysed by cytidine deaminase. As shown earlier [Shafiee M., Griffon J.-F., Gosselin G., Cambi A., Vincenzetti S., Vita A., Erikson S., Imbach J.-L., Maury G., Biochem. Pharmacol. 56 (1998) 1237-1242], beta-L-enantiomers of cytidine derivatives are resistant to cytidine deaminase. We thus synthesized several 5-azacytosine beta-L-nucleoside analogues to evaluate their enzymatic and biological properties. 2'-Deoxy-beta-L-5-azacytidine (L-Decitabine), beta-L-5-azacytidine, 1-(beta-L-xylo-furanosyl)5-azacytosine, and 1-(2-deoxy-beta-L-threo-pentofuranosyl)5-azacytosine were stereospecifically prepared starting from L-ribose and L-xylose. D- and L-enantiomers of 2'-deoxy-beta-5-azacytidine were weak substrates of human recombinant deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) compared to beta-D-deoxycytidine, whereas both enantiomers of beta-5-azacytidine or the L-xylo-analogues were not substrates of the enzyme. As expected, none of the presently reported derivatives of beta-L-5-azacytidine was a substrate of human recombinant cytidine deaminase (CDA). The prepared compounds were tested for their activity against HIV and HBV and they did not show any significant activity or cytotoxicity. In the case of L-Decitabine, this suggests that the enantioselectivities of concerned enzymes other than dCK and CDA might not be favourable.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gaubert
- UMR 5625 du CNRS, Département de Chimie, Université Montpellier II, Place Bataillon, 34095 5, Montpellier Cedex, France
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13
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Mathé C, Gosselin G. Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of the beta-L-enantiomers of some thymine 3'-deoxypentofuranonucleoside derivatives. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2000; 19:1517-30. [PMID: 11200256 DOI: 10.1080/15257770008045443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
3'-Deoxy-beta-L-erythro- (3), 3'-deoxy-beta-L-threo- (6), 2'-fluoro- (7) and 2'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy-beta-L-erythro- (10) pentofuranonucleoside derivatives of thymine have been synthesized and their antiviral properties examined. All these derivatives were stereospecifically prepared by glycosylation of thymine with a suitable peracylated 3-deoxy-L-erythro-pentofuranose sugar (1), followed by appropriate chemical modifications. The prepared compounds were tested for their activity against HIV, but they did not show an antiviral effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mathé
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biomoléculaire de Synthèse, UMR 5625 CNRS-UM-II, Université Montpellier II, Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, France
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14
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Marchand A, Mathé C, Imbach JL, Gosselin G. Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of unnatural beta-L-enantiomers of 3'-fluoro- and 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyguanosine derivatives. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2000; 19:205-17. [PMID: 10772710 DOI: 10.1080/15257770008033004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxy- (3) and 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy- (4) beta-L-ribofuranonucleoside derivatives of guanine have been synthesized and their antiviral properties examined. All these derivatives were regioselectively and stereospecifically prepared by glycosylation of 2-N-acetyl-6-O-(diphenylcarbamoyl)guanine 5 with a suitable peracylated L-xylo-furanose sugar 6, followed by appropriate chemical modifications. The prepared compounds were tested for their activity against HIV and HBV viruses, but they did not show significant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marchand
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biomoléculaire de Synthèse, U.M.R. CNRS 5625, Université de Montpellier II, France
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Aquaro S, Wedgwood O, Yarnold C, Cahard D, Pathinara R, McGuigan C, Calio' R, de Clercq E, Balzarini J, Perno CF. Activities of masked 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside monophosphate derivatives against human immunodeficiency virus in resting macrophages. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44:173-7. [PMID: 10602742 PMCID: PMC89647 DOI: 10.1128/aac.44.1.173-177.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity of aryloxyphosphoramidate protides of a number of anti-HIV nucleoside analogues was assessed in resting primary monocyte-macrophages (M/M). While 2',3'-dideoxythymidine (d4T), 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine (ddA), and 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydroadenosine (d4A) protides showed an anti-HIV activity that was 25- to 625-fold greater than the parent nucleotides d4T, ddA, and d4A, respectively, other aryloxyphosphoramidate protides showed similar or even lower anti-HIV activities than their parent compounds. This variable anti-HIV effect is most likely related to the different dynamics of intracellular nucleoside monophosphate release from the protides. Our results indicate the potential advantage of therapeutic use of this approach for some nucleotide analogues to affect HIV replication in M/M, one of the major reservoirs of HIV in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aquaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Maloisel JL, Pring BG, Tidén AK, Dypbukt J, Ljungdahl-Ståhle E. Neoglycolipid conjugates of foscarnet with enhanced antiviral activity in cells infected with human cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus type 1. Antivir Chem Chemother 1999; 10:333-45. [PMID: 10628809 DOI: 10.1177/095632029901000605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of a series of neoglycolipid conjugates of foscarnet as potential drug targeting forms or lipophilic prodrugs of foscarnet is described. The compounds were obtained from suitably protected neoglycolipids, in which the lipid chain consisted of 12 to 20 carbon atoms, by ethoxycarbonylphosphonylation at the 6-hydroxyl or 4-hydroxyl group followed by deprotection. The in vitro antiviral activity of the compounds was determined in human foetal lung cells infected with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) or herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Compounds in which the lipid chain consisted of 14 to 20 carbon atoms showed pronounced antiviral activity against HCMV and HSV-1, the highest activity being shown by trans-9-octadecen-1-yl 6-O-carboxyphosphonyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside against HCMV (approximately 50 times that of foscarnet) and by eicosyl 6-O-carboxyphosphonyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside against HSV-1 (approximately 15 times that of foscarnet). Cytotoxicity was determined by assessing the capability of mitochondrial enzymes to metabolise MTT and gave TC50 values for the compounds that were 30 to 350 times higher than their IC50 values against HCMV and 5 to 15 times higher than their IC50 values against HSV-1. Foscarnet was not liberated on incubation of n-tetradecyl 6-O-carboxyphosphonyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside with rat liver or intestine homogenate, neither could the neoglycolipid conjugate nor foscarnet be detected in rat plasma following oral administration. Further metabolic and pharmacokinetic studies are required in order to determine whether neoglycolipid conjugates of foscarnet can find a use as drug targeting forms of foscarnet.
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Kers I, Stawiński J, Girardet JL, Imbach JL, Périgaud C, Gosselin G, Aubertin AM. Synthesis and anti-retroviral activity of O,O'-bis(3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidin-5'-yl) phosphoramidate derivatives. NUCLEOSIDES & NUCLEOTIDES 1999; 18:2317-25. [PMID: 10616733 DOI: 10.1080/07328319908044884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A simple and efficient protocol for the preparation of various symmetrical dinucleoside phosphoramidates derived from AZT, is presented. It consists of the phosphonylation of AZT with phosphonic acid in the presence of DCC to produce the symmetrical H-phosphonate diester, followed by its oxidative conversion to various phosphoramidate analogues. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-HIV activity in different cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kers
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Sweden
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