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Ferrà-Cañellas MDM, Garcia-Sureda L. Exploring the Potential of Micro-Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Periodontitis. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:552. [PMID: 38792574 PMCID: PMC11122531 DOI: 10.3390/life14050552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, characterized by the progressive destruction of dental support tissues due to altered immune responses, poses a significant concern for public health. This condition involves intricate interactions between the immune response and oral microbiome, where innate and adaptive immune responses, with their diverse cell populations and inflammatory mediators, play crucial roles in this immunopathology. Indeed, cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and immune cells perform key functions in tissue remodeling. Focusing on periodontal therapies, our attention turns to micro-immunotherapy (MI), employing low doses (LDs) and ultra-low doses (ULDs) of immunological signaling molecules like cytokines, growth factors, and hormones. Existing studies across various fields lay the groundwork for the application of MI in periodontitis, highlighting its anti-inflammatory and regenerative potential in soft tissue models based on in vitro research. In summary, this review underscores the versatility and potential of MI in managing periodontal health, urging further investigations to solidify its clinical integration. MI supports an innovative approach by modulating immune responses at low doses to address periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria del Mar Ferrà-Cañellas
- Preclinical Research Department, Labo’Life España, 07330 Consell, Spain
- Group of Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering, Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Durante LDS, Hollmann G, Nazari EM. Impact of exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide on morphological and physiological parameters in embryonic and larval development of zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:1822-1835. [PMID: 38083805 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) have been commonly used in agriculture to inhibit weed growth and increase yields. However, due to the high solubility of these herbicides in water, they can reach aquatic environments, by infiltration, erosion, and/or lixiviation, affecting non target organisms. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the toxicity of GBH Roundup WG® (RWG®) during the embryonic and larval development of Danio rerio. Embryos (3 hours post fertilization, hpf-until hatching) and larvae (3 days post fertilization, dpf to 6 dpf) were exposed to concentrations of 0.065 and 6.5 mg L-1 . They were evaluated for survival, hatching, spontaneous movements, heartbeat, morphology, and morphometry by in vivo photographs in microscope, cell proliferation and apoptosis by immunohistochemistry, and exploratory behavior and phototropism by video recording. Our results showed an increase in embryo and larvae mortality in those exposed to 0.065 mg L-1 , as well as a reduction in spontaneous embryo movements. The larval heartbeats showed a decrease at 4 dpf in the group exposed to 0.065 mg L-1 and an increase at 5 and 6 dpf in both exposed groups. Cell proliferation was reduced in both groups exposed in embryos and only in the 0.065 mg L-1 group in larvae, while cell death increased in embryos exposed to 6.5 mg L-1 . These results demonstrated the toxic effect of low concentrations of the herbicide RWG® during embryonic and larval development of non target organisms, as well as the importance of constantly reviewing acceptable limits for exposure in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laíse da Silva Durante
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Hollmann
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Evelise Maria Nazari
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Park SC, Lee YS, Cho KA, Kim SY, Lee YI, Lee SR, Lim IK. What matters in aging is signaling for responsiveness. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 252:108560. [PMID: 37952903 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Biological responsiveness refers to the capacity of living organisms to adapt to changes in both their internal and external environments through physiological and behavioral mechanisms. One of the prominent aspects of aging is the decline in this responsiveness, which can lead to a deterioration in the processes required for maintenance, survival, and growth. The vital link between physiological responsiveness and the essential life processes lies within the signaling systems. To devise effective strategies for controlling the aging process, a comprehensive reevaluation of this connecting loop is imperative. This review aims to explore the impact of aging on signaling systems responsible for responsiveness and introduce a novel perspective on intervening in the aging process by restoring the compromised responsiveness. These innovative mechanistic approaches for modulating altered responsiveness hold the potential to illuminate the development of action plans aimed at controlling the aging process and treating age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Chul Park
- The Future Life & Society Research Center, Advanced Institute of Aging Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Sam Lee
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea; Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung A Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Il Lee
- Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Engineering Major, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Rock Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do 58128, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - In Kyoung Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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Damgaard V, Mariegaard J, Lindhardsen JM, Ehrenreich H, Miskowiak KW. Neuroprotective Effects of Moderate Hypoxia: A Systematic Review. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1648. [PMID: 38137096 PMCID: PMC10741927 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence highlights moderate hypoxia as a candidate treatment for brain disorders. This systematic review examines findings and the methodological quality of studies investigating hypoxia (10-16% O2) for ≥14 days in humans, as well as the neurobiological mechanisms triggered by hypoxia in animals, and suggests optimal treatment protocols to guide future studies. We followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) 2020. Searches were performed on PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycInfo, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, in May-September 2023. Two authors independently reviewed the human studies with the following tools: (1) revised Cochrane collaboration's risk of bias for randomized trials 2.0; (2) the risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions. We identified 58 eligible studies (k = 8 human studies with N = 274 individuals; k = 48 animal studies) reporting the effects of hypoxia on cognition, motor function, neuroimaging, neuronal/synaptic morphology, inflammation, oxidative stress, erythropoietin, neurotrophins, and Alzheimer's disease markers. A total of 75% of human studies indicated cognitive and/or neurological benefits, although all studies were evaluated ashigh risk of bias due to a lack of randomization and assessor blinding. Low-dose intermittent or continuous hypoxia repeated for 30-240 min sessions, preferably in combination with motor-cognitive training, produced beneficial effects, and high-dose hypoxia with longer (≥6 h) durations and chronic exposure produced more adverse effects. Larger and methodologically stronger translational studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Damgaard
- Neurocognition and Emotion in Affective Disorders (NEAD) Centre, Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Frederiksberg Hospital, Hovedvejen 17, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (V.D.); (J.M.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, DK-1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johanna Mariegaard
- Neurocognition and Emotion in Affective Disorders (NEAD) Centre, Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Frederiksberg Hospital, Hovedvejen 17, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (V.D.); (J.M.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, DK-1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julie Marie Lindhardsen
- Neurocognition and Emotion in Affective Disorders (NEAD) Centre, Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Frederiksberg Hospital, Hovedvejen 17, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (V.D.); (J.M.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, DK-1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany;
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, City Campus, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kamilla Woznica Miskowiak
- Neurocognition and Emotion in Affective Disorders (NEAD) Centre, Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Frederiksberg Hospital, Hovedvejen 17, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (V.D.); (J.M.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, DK-1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Shehzad J, Khan I, Zaheer S, Farooq A, Chaudhari SK, Mustafa G. Insights into heavy metal tolerance mechanisms of Brassica species: physiological, biochemical, and molecular interventions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:108448-108476. [PMID: 37924172 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29979-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) contamination of soil due to anthropogenic activities has led to bioaccumulation and biomagnification, posing toxic effects on plants by interacting with vital cellular biomolecules such as DNA and proteins. Brassica species have developed complex physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms for adaptability, tolerance, and survival under these conditions. This review summarizes the HM tolerance strategies of Brassica species, covering the role of root exudates, microorganisms, cell walls, cell membranes, and organelle-specific proteins. The first line of defence against HM stress in Brassica species is the avoidance strategy, which involves metal ion precipitation, root sorption, and metal exclusion. The use of plant growth-promoting microbes, Pseudomonas, Psychrobacter, and Rhizobium species effectively immobilizes HMs and reduces their uptake by Brassica roots. The roots of Brassica species efficiently detoxify metals, particularly by flavonoid glycoside exudation. The composition of the cell wall and callose deposition also plays a crucial role in enhancing HMs resistance in Brassica species. Furthermore, plasma membrane-associated transporters, BjCET, BjPCR, BjYSL, and BnMTP, reduce HM concentration by stimulating the efflux mechanism. Brassica species also respond to stress by up-regulating existing protein pools or synthesizing novel proteins associated with HM stress tolerance. This review provides new insights into the HM tolerance mechanisms of Brassica species, which are necessary for future development of HM-resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Shehzad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ilham Khan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Saira Zaheer
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Atikah Farooq
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sunbal Khalil Chaudhari
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Sargodha Campus, Sargodha, 42100, Pakistan
| | - Ghazala Mustafa
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, 323000, China.
- State Agricultural Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Crop growth and Development, Ministry of Agri-culture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Calabrese EJ, Agathokleous E, Dhawan G, Kapoor R, Dhawan V, Manes PK, Calabrese V. Nitric oxide and hormesis. Nitric Oxide 2023; 133:1-17. [PMID: 36764605 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
This present paper provides an assessment of the occurrence of nitric oxide (NO)-induced hormetic-biphasic dose/concentration relationships in biomedical research. A substantial reporting of such NO-induced hormetic effects was identified with particular focus on wound healing, tumor promotion, and sperm biology, including mechanistic assessment and potential for translational applications. Numerous other NO-induced hormetic effects have been reported, but require more development prior to translational applications. The extensive documentation of NO-induced biphasic responses, across numerous organs (e.g., bone, cardiovascular, immune, intestine, and neuronal) and cell types, suggests that NO-induced biological activities are substantially mediated via hormetic processes. These observations are particularly important because broad areas of NO biology are constrained by the quantitative features of the hormetic response. This determines the amplitude and width of the low dose stimulation, affecting numerous biomedical implications, study design features (e.g., number of doses, dose spacing, sample sizes, statistical power), and the potential success of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | | | - Rachna Kapoor
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA.
| | - Vikas Dhawan
- Department of Surgery, Indian Naval Ship Hospital, Mumbai, India.
| | | | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, Catania, 95123, Italy.
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Calabrese EJ, Agathokleous E. Nitric oxide, hormesis and plant biology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 866:161299. [PMID: 36596420 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The present paper provides the first integrative assessment of the occurrence of nitric oxide (NO) induced hormetic effects in plant biology. Hormetic dose responses were commonly reported for NO donors on numerous plant species of agricultural and other commercial value. The NO donors were also shown to protect plants from a wide range of chemical (i.e., multiple toxic metals) and physical stressors (i.e., heat, drought) in preconditioning (aka priming) experimental protocols showing hormetic dose responses. Practical approaches for the use of NO donors to enhance plant growth using optimized dose response frameworks were also assessed. Considerable mechanistic findings indicate that NO donors have the capacity to enhance a broad range of adaptive responses, including highly integrated antioxidant activities. The integration of the hormesis concept with NO donors is likely to become a valuable practical general strategy to enhance plant productivity across a wide range of valuable plant species facing environmental pollution and climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States of America.
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
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Almikhlafi MA, Karami MM, Jana A, Alqurashi TM, Majrashi M, Alghamdi BS, Ashraf GM. Mitochondrial Medicine: A Promising Therapeutic Option Against Various Neurodegenerative Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1165-1183. [PMID: 36043795 PMCID: PMC10286591 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220830112408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal mitochondrial morphology and metabolic dysfunction have been observed in many neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Mitochondrial dysfunction can be caused by aberrant mitochondrial DNA, mutant nuclear proteins that interact with mitochondria directly or indirectly, or for unknown reasons. Since mitochondria play a significant role in neurodegeneration, mitochondriatargeted therapies represent a prosperous direction for the development of novel drug compounds that can be used to treat NDDs. This review gives a brief description of how mitochondrial abnormalities lead to various NDDs such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We further explore the promising therapeutic effectiveness of mitochondria- directed antioxidants, MitoQ, MitoVitE, MitoPBN, and dimebon. We have also discussed the possibility of mitochondrial gene therapy as a therapeutic option for these NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohannad A. Almikhlafi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Karami
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ankit Jana
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Thamer M. Alqurashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Majrashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badrah S. Alghamdi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- The Neuroscience Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Md. Ashraf
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Taguchi S, Choudhury ME, Mikami K, Utsunomiya R, Yano H, Tanaka J. Treadmill Exercise as a Preventive Measure Against Age-Related Anxiety and Social Behavioral Disorders in Rats: When Is It Worth Starting? Ann Rehabil Med 2022; 46:320-328. [PMID: 36588447 PMCID: PMC9810656 DOI: 10.5535/arm.22105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the appropriate time points to start regular exercise which could reduce age-related anxiety and impaired social behavior. METHODS For this study, 8-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: no exercise (NoEX), short-term exercise (S-Ex), and long-term exercise (L-Ex) groups. S-Ex-group rats started treadmill exercise at 12 months of age, while L-Ex rats started from at 2 months of age. Exercise rats were forced to walk on the treadmill three times per week, with 1- to 2-day intervals for 10 minutes during the first 2 weeks, at 10 m/min until 17 months of age, and at 8 m/min thereafter. At 19 months of age, behavioral tests were performed to assess the effects of exercise on age-induced behavioral change as well as quantitative polymerase chain reaction were done to uncover the mechanism behind the behavioral changes. RESULTS Anxiety-like behavior was improved by long-term exercise. Additionally, rats belonging to the S-Ex and L-Ex groups showed improved social behavior and increased curiosity about interesting objects. The qPCR data showed that treadmill exercise suppressed the expression of immediate-early genes in the prefrontal cortex of the aged rats. CONCLUSION This study suggests that long-term exercise represses early response genes, and in this way, it increases resistance to stress, diminishes anxiety-related behavior, and improves social behavior. These findings underscore the need to consider appropriate time to start exercise to prevent stress induced anxiety related behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Taguchi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Mohammed E. Choudhury
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan,Corresponding author: Mohammed E. Choudhury Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime 791-0295 Japan. Tel: +81-89-960-5241, Fax: +81-89-960-5242, E-mail:
| | - Kanta Mikami
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Ryo Utsunomiya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Hajime Yano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Junya Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
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Warita T, Irie N, Zhou Y, Tashiro J, Sugiura A, Oltvai ZN, Warita K. Alterations in the omics profiles in mevalonate pathway-inhibited cancer cells. Life Sci 2022; 312:121249. [PMID: 36455649 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Statins, cholesterol-lowering drugs, are potential therapeutic agents for inhibiting cancer proliferation. However, the mechanisms that mediate the effects of statins, the homeostatic responses of tumor cells to statin therapy, and the modes underlying the antitumor effects of statins remain unclear. MAIN METHODS To uncover the effects of statins on cancer cells in vitro, we performed transcriptome and metabolome analyses on atorvastatin-treated statin-resistant and statin-sensitive lung cancer cells. KEY FINDINGS The results of Gene Ontology terms and pathway enrichment analyses showed that after 24 h of atorvastatin treatment, the expression of cell cycle- and DNA replication-related genes was significantly decreased in the statin-sensitive cancer cells. The results of metabolome analysis showed that the components of polyamine metabolism and purine metabolism, glycolysis, and pentose phosphate pathway were decreased in the statin-sensitive cancer cells. SIGNIFICANCE Differences in cellular properties between statin-sensitive and statin-resistant cancer cells revealed additional candidates for therapeutic targets in statin-treated cancer cells and suggested that inhibiting these metabolic pathways could improve efficacy. In conclusion, combining statins with inhibitors of polyamine metabolism (cell proliferation and protein translation), purine metabolism (DNA synthesis), glycolytic system (energy production), and pentose phosphate pathway (antioxidant stress) might enhance the anticancer effects of statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Warita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
| | - Nanami Irie
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
| | - Yaxuan Zhou
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
| | - Jiro Tashiro
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama Minami, Tottori, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sugiura
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama Minami, Tottori, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Zoltán N Oltvai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Katsuhiko Warita
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama Minami, Tottori, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
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Luna-López A, Flores-González GA, Rivera-Ruz IA, Librado-Osorio R, Erosa-De Haro LA, Königsberg M, Alarcón-Aguilar A. Methotrexate Induces an Antioxidant Hormetic Response in Primary Rat Astrocytes. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221130752. [PMCID: PMC9619289 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221130752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases have increased worldwide in recent years. Their relationship with oxidative stress has motivated the research to find therapies and medications capable of suppressing oxidative damage and therefore slowing the progression of these diseases. Glutathione (GSH) is the most important cellular antioxidant in living beings and is responsible for regulating the cellular redox state. However, GSH cannot be administered by any route of administration, so molecules that increase its levels by activating Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway are explored; since Nrf2 regulates the main genes involved in GSH de novo synthesis and recycling. Astrocytes are the most important cell-type in the antioxidant cell response and are responsible for providing GSH and other substrates for neurons to have an efficient antioxidant response. Methotrexate (MTX) is an anti-inflammatory agent that has different cellular effects when administered at low or high concentrations. So in this study, we used MTX different concentrations and exposure times to induce a hormetic antioxidant response in rat primary astrocytes. Our results showed that 20 nM MTX pre-conditioning for 12 h augmented the GSH/GSSG ratio and protected cellular viability against a toxic MTX and H2O2 insult, which was abrogated when Nrf2 was inhibited by brusatol. Hence, MTX subsequent studies as a drug to counteract the progression of some stress-associated neurodegenerative diseases are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Luna-López
- Departamento de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, CDMX, México
| | - Giovanna Adonahi Flores-González
- Laboratorio de Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Depto. de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, CDMX, México
| | - Itzel Alejandra Rivera-Ruz
- Laboratorio de Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Depto. de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, CDMX, México
| | - Raúl Librado-Osorio
- Departamento de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, CDMX, México
| | | | - Mina Königsberg
- Laboratorio de Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Depto. de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, CDMX, México
| | - Adriana Alarcón-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Depto. de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, CDMX, México,Adriana Alarcón-Aguilar, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, A.P. 55-535, México D.F. C.P 09340, México.
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12
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Negoro H, Kobayashi R. A Workcation Improves Cardiac Parasympathetic Function during Sleep to Decrease Arterial Stiffness in Workers. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10102037. [PMID: 36292483 PMCID: PMC9601559 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10102037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A “Workcation” (combining work and vacation) has become increasingly common. Traditionally, the workcation focus has been on productivity; however, data showing associations between workcations and improvements in employees’ health are lacking. Therefore, this study examines the effects of a workcation on blood pressure, arterial stiffness, heart rate, autonomic nervous system function, and physical activity. Twenty healthy employees participating in a five-day workcation project at a large private company agreed to participate in this study. Data on arterial stiffness, heart rate, autonomic nerve activity, and physical activity were collected before, during, and after the workcation. Arterial stiffness, blood pressure, and heart rate significantly decreased (p < 0.05); meanwhile, physical activity levels and parasympathetic function during sleep significantly increased during the workcation (p < 0.05). Thus, a workcation implies a new way of working that improves employees’ cardiovascular indices and parasympathetic function during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Negoro
- Faculty of Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8521, Japan
- Harvard Center for Polycystic Kidney Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-90-2337-0913
| | - Ryota Kobayashi
- Faculty of Life & Environmental Sciences, Teikyo University of Science, Tokyo 120-0045, Japan
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13
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Shi J, Xu J, Li Y, Li B, Ming H, Nice EC, Huang C, Li Q, Wang C. Drug repurposing in cancer neuroscience: From the viewpoint of the autophagy-mediated innervated niche. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:990665. [PMID: 36105204 PMCID: PMC9464986 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.990665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the bidirectional interactions between neurology and cancer science, the burgeoning field “cancer neuroscience” has been proposed. An important node in the communications between nerves and cancer is the innervated niche, which has physical contact with the cancer parenchyma or nerve located in the proximity of the tumor. In the innervated niche, autophagy has recently been reported to be a double-edged sword that plays a significant role in maintaining homeostasis. Therefore, regulating the innervated niche by targeting the autophagy pathway may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Drug repurposing has received considerable attention for its advantages in cost-effectiveness and safety. The utilization of existing drugs that potentially regulate the innervated niche via the autophagy pathway is therefore a promising pharmacological approach for clinical practice and treatment selection in cancer neuroscience. Herein, we present the cancer neuroscience landscape with an emphasis on the crosstalk between the innervated niche and autophagy, while also summarizing the underlying mechanisms of candidate drugs in modulating the autophagy pathway. This review provides a strong rationale for drug repurposing in cancer treatment from the viewpoint of the autophagy-mediated innervated niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Edouard C. Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Qifu Li
- Department of Neurology and Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research and Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Qifu Li, ; Chuang Wang,
| | - Chuang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Qifu Li, ; Chuang Wang,
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14
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Siracusa R, Voltarelli VA, Trovato Salinaro A, Modafferi S, Cuzzocrea S, Calabrese EJ, Di Paola R, Otterbein LE, Calabrese V. NO, CO and H 2S: A Trinacrium of Bioactive Gases in the Brain. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115122. [PMID: 35679892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are time honored gases that have direct bearing on almost all life forms, but over the past thirty years, and in large part due to the Nobel Prize Award in Medicine for the elucidation of nitric oxide (NO) as a bioactive gas, the research and medical communities now recognize other gases as critical for survival. In addition to NO, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon monoxide (CO) have emerged as a triumvirate or Trinacrium of gases with analogous importance and that serve important homeostatic functions. Perhaps, one of the most intriguing aspects of these gases is the functional interaction between them, which is intimately linked by the enzyme systems that produce them. Despite the need to better understand NO, H2S and CO biology, the notion that these are environmental pollutants remains ever present. For this reason, incorporating the concept of hormesis becomes imperative and must be included in discussions when considering developing new therapeutics that involve these gases. While there is now an enormous literature base for each of these gasotransmitters, we provide here an overview of their respective physiologic roles in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - Vanessa A Voltarelli
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sergio Modafferi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Leo E Otterbein
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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15
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Editorial for the Special Issue “Adaptation, Aging, and Cell Death in Yeast Stress Response: Models, Mechanisms and Applications”. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061126. [PMID: 35744644 PMCID: PMC9230367 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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16
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Majdi M, Imani H, Bazshahi E, Hosseini F, Djafarian K, Lesani A, Akbarzade Z, Shab-Bidar S. Habitual- and Meal-Specific Carbohydrate Quality Index and Their Relation to Metabolic Syndrome in a Sample of Iranian Adults. Front Nutr 2022; 9:763345. [PMID: 35433797 PMCID: PMC9011184 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.763345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Most studies on diet quality have focused on the habitual and overall intake of foods without considering intakes at specific eating occasions. This study aimed to assess the association between habitual- and meal-specific carbohydrate quality index (CQI) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Iranian adults. Methods In this cross-sectional study, data from 850 participants were analyzed. Dietary information was obtained from a 3-day nonconsecutive 24 h recall. CQI was calculated from three criteria: dietary fiber, glycemic index, and solid carbohydrate/total carbohydrate ratio. The association between CQI and MetS was assessed by logistic regression. Results The prevalences of MetS in the lowest and highest tertile of CQI were 30.1 and 33.7, respectively (P = 0.6). In habitual diet and all the three meals, we failed to find any significant association between tertiles of CQI and MetS either before or after adjustment for covariates. However, in the habitual meals [odds ratio (OR): 0.69, 95% CI: 0.47–0.96] and lunch meals (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.47–0.94), the highest CQI in comparison to the lowest one, significantly decreased the low high-density lipoprotein (HDL). In addition, the trend of low-HDL with CQI in habitual meal and lunch meal was statistically significant. Conclusion The results of this study showed that CQI was not associated with MetS and its components. Further investigations into the mechanisms underlying the role of carbohydrate quality in developing metabolic disorders are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Majdi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Imani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Bazshahi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Lesani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Akbarzade
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Sakineh Shab-Bidar
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17
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Panossian A, Abdelfatah S, Efferth T. Network Pharmacology of Red Ginseng (Part I): Effects of Ginsenoside Rg5 at Physiological and Sub-Physiological Concentrations. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14100999. [PMID: 34681222 PMCID: PMC8537973 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous in vitro studies on isolated cells have been conducted to uncover the molecular mechanisms of action of Panax ginseng Meyer root extracts and purified ginsenosides. However, the concentrations of ginsenosides and the extracts used in these studies were much higher than those detected in pharmacokinetic studies in humans and animals orally administered with ginseng preparations at therapeutic doses. Our study aimed to assess: (a) the effects of ginsenoside Rg5, the major “rare” ginsenoside of Red Ginseng, on gene expression in the murine neuronal cell line HT22 in a wide range of concentrations, from 10−4 to 10−18 M, and (b) the effects of differentially expressed genes on cellular and physiological functions in organismal disorders and diseases. Gene expression profiling was performed by transcriptome-wide mRNA microarray analyses in HT22 cells after treatment with ginsenoside Rg5. Ginsenoside Rg5 exhibits soft-acting effects on gene expression of neuronal cells in a wide range of physiological concentrations and strong reversal impact at high (toxic) concentration: significant up- or downregulation of expression of about 300 genes at concentrations from 10−6 M to 10−18 M, and dramatically increased both the number of differentially expressed target genes (up to 1670) and the extent of their expression (fold changes compared to unexposed cells) at a toxic concentration of 10−4 M. Network pharmacology analyses of genes’ expression profiles using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) software showed that at low physiological concentrations, ginsenoside Rg5 has the potential to activate the biosynthesis of cholesterol and to exhibit predictable effects in senescence, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and immune response, suggesting soft-acting, beneficial effects on organismal death, movement disorders, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Abdelfatah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (T.E.)
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18
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Kramberger K, Jenko Pražnikar Z, Baruca Arbeiter A, Petelin A, Bandelj D, Kenig S. A Comparative Study of the Antioxidative Effects of Helichrysum italicum and Helichrysum arenarium Infusions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030380. [PMID: 33802628 PMCID: PMC7998896 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench (abbrev. as HA) has a long tradition in European ethnomedicine and its inflorescences are approved as a herbal medicinal product. In the Mediterranean part of Europe, Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don (abbrev. as HI) is more common. Since infusions from both plants are traditionally used, we aimed to compare their antioxidative potential using in vitro assays. Two morphologically distinct HI plants, HIa and HIb, were compared to a commercially available HA product. Genetic analysis using microsatellites confirmed a clear differentiation between HI and HA and suggested that HIb was a hybrid resulting from spontaneous hybridization from unknown HI subspecies. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed the highest amounts of hydroxycinnamic acids and total arzanol derivatives in HIa, whereas HIb was richest in monohydroxybenzoic acids, caffeic acids, and coumarins, and HA contained the highest amounts of flavonoids, especially flavanones. HIa exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity; it was more efficient in protecting different cell lines from induced oxidative stress and in inducing oxidative stress-related genes superoxide dismutase 1, catalase, and glutathione reductase 1. The antioxidative potential of HI was not only dependent on the morphological type of the plant but also on the harvest date, revealing important information for obtaining the best possible product. Considering the superior properties of HI compared to HA, the evaluation of HI as a medicinal plant could be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kramberger
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, 6310 Izola, Slovenia; (K.K.); (Z.J.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Zala Jenko Pražnikar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, 6310 Izola, Slovenia; (K.K.); (Z.J.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Alenka Baruca Arbeiter
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (A.B.A.); (D.B.)
| | - Ana Petelin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, 6310 Izola, Slovenia; (K.K.); (Z.J.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Dunja Bandelj
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (A.B.A.); (D.B.)
| | - Saša Kenig
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, 6310 Izola, Slovenia; (K.K.); (Z.J.P.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-5-66-35-801
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19
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Tacu I, Kokalari I, Abollino O, Albrecht C, Malandrino M, Ferretti AM, Schins RPF, Fenoglio I. Mechanistic Insights into the Role of Iron, Copper, and Carbonaceous Component on the Oxidative Potential of Ultrafine Particulate Matter. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:767-779. [PMID: 33651939 PMCID: PMC8034814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Transition
metals play a key role in the pathogenic potential of
urban particulate matter (PM). However, air quality regulations include
exposure limits only for metals having a known toxic potential like
Pb, As, Cd, and Ni, neglecting other transition metals like Fe and
Cu. Fe and Cu are mainly found in the water-soluble fraction of PM.
However, a fraction of the ions may persist strongly bound to the
particles, thus potentially acting as surface reactive sites. The
contribution of surface ions to the oxidative potential (OP) of PM
is likely different from that of free ions since the redox activity
of metals is modulated by their local chemical environment. The aim
of this study was to investigate how Fe and Cu bound to carbonaceous
particles affect the OP and associated toxicity of PM toward epithelial
cells and macrophages. Carbonaceous nanoparticles (CNPs) having well-defined
size were loaded with controlled amounts of Cu and Fe. The effect
of Cu and Fe on the OP of CNPs was evaluated by electronic paramagnetic
resonance (EPR) spectroscopy associated with the spin-trapping technique
and correlated with the ability to induce cytotoxicity (LDH, WST-1),
oxidative stress (Nrf2 translocation), and DNA damage (comet assay)
on lung macrophages (NR8383) and/or epithelial cells (RLE-6TN). The
release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, MCP-1, and CXCL2)
by macrophages and epithelial cells was also investigated. The results
indicate a major contribution of surface Cu to the surface reactivity
of CNPs, while Fe has a minor role. At the same time, Cu increases
the cytotoxicity of CNPs and their ability to induce oxidative stress
and DNA damage. In contrast, surface Fe increases the release of pro-inflammatory
cytokines by macrophages. Overall, these results confirm the role
of Cu and Fe in PM toxicity and suggest that the total metals content
in PM might be a better indicator of pathogenicity than water-soluble
metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Tacu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Torino 10125, Italy.,IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Ida Kokalari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Ornella Abollino
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Catrin Albrecht
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Mery Malandrino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Ferretti
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" SCITEC CNR, Via Fantoli 16/15, Milan 20138, Italy
| | - Roel P F Schins
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Ivana Fenoglio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Torino 10125, Italy
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20
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Martel J, Chang SH, Wu CY, Peng HH, Hwang TL, Ko YF, Young JD, Ojcius DM. Recent advances in the field of caloric restriction mimetics and anti-aging molecules. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 66:101240. [PMID: 33347992 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) mimetics are molecules that produce beneficial effects on health and longevity in model organisms and humans, without the challenges of maintaining a CR diet. Conventional CR mimetics such as metformin, rapamycin and spermidine activate autophagy, leading to recycling of cellular components and improvement of physiological function. We review here novel CR mimetics and anti-aging compounds, such as 4,4'-dimethoxychalcone, fungal polysaccharides, inorganic nitrate, and trientine, highlighting their possible molecular targets and mechanisms of action. The activity of these compounds can be understood within the context of hormesis, a biphasic dose response that involves beneficial effects at low or moderate doses and toxic effects at high doses. The concept of hormesis has widespread implications for the identification of CR mimetics in experimental assays, testing in clinical trials, and use in healthy humans. We also discuss the promises and limitations of CR mimetics and anti-aging molecules for delaying aging and treating chronic diseases.
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21
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Shacham T, Patel C, Lederkremer GZ. PERK Pathway and Neurodegenerative Disease: To Inhibit or to Activate? Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030354. [PMID: 33652720 PMCID: PMC7996871 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the extension of life span in recent decades, there is an increasing burden of late-onset neurodegenerative diseases, for which effective treatments are lacking. Neurodegenerative diseases include the widespread Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), the less frequent Huntington’s disease (HD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and also rare early-onset diseases linked to mutations that cause protein aggregation or loss of function in genes that maintain protein homeostasis. The difficulties in applying gene therapy approaches to tackle these diseases is drawing increasing attention to strategies that aim to inhibit cellular toxicity and restore homeostasis by intervening in cellular pathways. These include the unfolded protein response (UPR), activated in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a cellular affliction that is shared by these diseases. Special focus is turned to the PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) pathway of the UPR as a target for intervention. However, the complexity of the pathway and its ability to promote cell survival or death, depending on ER stress resolution, has led to some confusion in conflicting studies. Both inhibition and activation of the PERK pathway have been reported to be beneficial in disease models, although there are also some reports where they are counterproductive. Although with the current knowledge a definitive answer cannot be given on whether it is better to activate or to inhibit the pathway, the most encouraging strategies appear to rely on boosting some steps without compromising downstream recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talya Shacham
- Cell Biology Division, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (T.S.); (C.P.)
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Chaitanya Patel
- Cell Biology Division, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (T.S.); (C.P.)
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Gerardo Z. Lederkremer
- Cell Biology Division, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (T.S.); (C.P.)
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-640-9239
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22
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Increasing Oxygen Partial Pressures Induce a Distinct Transcriptional Response in Human PBMC: A Pilot Study on the "Normobaric Oxygen Paradox". Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22010458. [PMID: 33466421 PMCID: PMC7796168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The term “normobaric oxygen paradox” (NOP), describes the response to the return to normoxia after a hyperoxic event, sensed by tissues as oxygen shortage, and resulting in up-regulation of the Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) transcription factor activity. The molecular characteristics of this response have not been yet fully characterized. Herein, we report the activation time trend of oxygen-sensitive transcription factors in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from healthy subjects after one hour of exposure to mild (MH), high (HH) and very high (VHH) hyperoxia, corresponding to 30%, 100%, 140% O2, respectively. Our observations confirm that MH is perceived as a hypoxic stress, characterized by the activation of HIF-1α and Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2), but not Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Conversely, HH is associated to a progressive loss of NOP response and to an increase in oxidative stress leading to NRF2 and NF-kB activation, accompanied by the synthesis of glutathione (GSH). After VHH, HIF-1α activation is totally absent and oxidative stress response, accompanied by NF-κB activation, is prevalent. Intracellular GSH and Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) plasma levels parallel the transcription factors activation pattern and remain elevated throughout the observation time. In conclusion, our study confirms that, in vivo, the return to normoxia after MH is sensed as a hypoxic trigger characterized by HIF-1α activation. On the contrary, HH and VHH induce a shift toward an oxidative stress response, characterized by NRF2 and NF-κB activation in the first 24 h post exposure.
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23
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Panossian AG, Efferth T, Shikov AN, Pozharitskaya ON, Kuchta K, Mukherjee PK, Banerjee S, Heinrich M, Wu W, Guo D, Wagner H. Evolution of the adaptogenic concept from traditional use to medical systems: Pharmacology of stress- and aging-related diseases. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:630-703. [PMID: 33103257 PMCID: PMC7756641 DOI: 10.1002/med.21743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adaptogens comprise a category of herbal medicinal and nutritional products promoting adaptability, resilience, and survival of living organisms in stress. The aim of this review was to summarize the growing knowledge about common adaptogenic plants used in various traditional medical systems (TMS) and conventional medicine and to provide a modern rationale for their use in the treatment of stress-induced and aging-related disorders. Adaptogens have pharmacologically pleiotropic effects on the neuroendocrine-immune system, which explain their traditional use for the treatment of a wide range of conditions. They exhibit a biphasic dose-effect response: at low doses they function as mild stress-mimetics, which activate the adaptive stress-response signaling pathways to cope with severe stress. That is in line with their traditional use for preventing premature aging and to maintain good health and vitality. However, the potential of adaptogens remains poorly explored. Treatment of stress and aging-related diseases require novel approaches. Some combinations of adaptogenic plants provide unique effects due to their synergistic interactions in organisms not obtainable by any ingredient independently. Further progress in this field needs to focus on discovering new combinations of adaptogens based on traditional medical concepts. Robust and rigorous approaches including network pharmacology and systems pharmacology could help in analyzing potential synergistic effects and, more broadly, future uses of adaptogens. In conclusion, the evolution of the adaptogenic concept has led back to basics of TMS and a new level of understanding of holistic approach. It provides a rationale for their use in stress-induced and aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and BiochemistryJohannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Alexander N. Shikov
- Department of technology of dosage formsSaint‐Petersburg State Chemical‐Pharmaceutical UniversitySt. PetersburgRussia
| | - Olga N. Pozharitskaya
- Department of BiotechnologyMurmansk Marine Biological Institute of the Kola Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MMBI KSC RAS)MurmanskRussia
| | - Kenny Kuchta
- Department of Far Eastern Medicine, Clinic for Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal OncologyUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Pulok K. Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Natural Product StudiesJadavpur UniversityKolkataIndia
| | - Subhadip Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Natural Product StudiesJadavpur UniversityKolkataIndia
| | - Michael Heinrich
- Research Cluster Biodiversity and Medicines, UCL School of Pharmacy, Centre for Pharmacognosy and PhytotherapyUniversity of LondonLondonUK
| | - Wanying Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for TCM Modernization, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - De‐an Guo
- Shanghai Research Center for TCM Modernization, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Hildebert Wagner
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Pharma ResearchLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunichGermany
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Olugbemide AS, Ben-Azu B, Bakre AG, Ajayi AM, Femi-Akinlosotu O, Umukoro S. Naringenin improves depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors in mice exposed to repeated hypoxic stress through modulation of oxido-inflammatory mediators and NF-kB/BDNF expressions. Brain Res Bull 2020; 169:214-227. [PMID: 33370589 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative and inflammatory signaling pathways have been identified as important targets for mitigating hypoxic stress-induced neurological complications. Thus, the effects of naringenin, a potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective bioflavonoid on hypoxic stress-induced depressive-like and anxiety-related behaviors in mice, and the underlying molecular mechanisms were evaluated in this study. Thirty-five male Swiss mice were distributed into 5 groups (n = 7). Mice in group I (non-stress control) and group 2 (stress-control) both had vehicle (5 % DMSO), while groups 3-5 received naringenin (10, 25 and 50 mg/kg), intraperitonally. Thirty minutes later, mice in groups 2-5 were subjected to 15 min hypoxic stress, daily for 14 days. Locomotor activity, anxiety and depression were evaluated on day 15. The mice brains were processed for malondialdehyde, glutathione, superoxide-dismutase (SOD), catalase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β assays. The serum corticosterone concentration and expressions of the brain immunopositive cells of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as well as histomorphological changes of the amygdala were also determined. Naringenin (25-50 mg/kg) ameliorated the hypolocomotion, depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors in hypoxic mice. The increased brain contents of malondialdehyde, TNF-α, interleukin-1β, and decreased antioxidant (glutathione and SOD) status were attenuated by naringenin. Naringenin (10 mg/kg) increases BDNF expression but did not significantly (p < 0.05) alter corticosterone and catalase contents. The increased expressions of iNOS and NF-kB as well as loss of amygdala neuronal cells were reduced by naringenin (10 mg/kg). Overall, these findings suggest that naringenin improves depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors in mice exposed to hypoxic stress by modulating oxido-inflammatory insults and NF-kB/BDNF expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abimbola S Olugbemide
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka
| | - Adewale G Bakre
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi M Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Omowumi Femi-Akinlosotu
- Developmental Neurobiology and Forensic Anatomy Unit, Department of Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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25
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Butterfield DA. Brain lipid peroxidation and alzheimer disease: Synergy between the Butterfield and Mattson laboratories. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101049. [PMID: 32205035 PMCID: PMC7502429 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Brains from persons with Alzheimer disease (AD) and its earlier stage, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), exhibit high levels of oxidative damage, including that to phospholipids. One type of oxidative damage is lipid peroxidation, the most important index of which is protein-bound 4-hydroxy-2-trans-nonenal (HNE). This highly reactive alkenal changes the conformations and lowers the activities of brain proteins to which HNE is covalently bound. Evidence exists that suggests that lipid peroxidation is the first type of oxidative damage associated with amyloid β-peptide (Aβ), a 38-42 amino acid peptide that is highly neurotoxic and critical to the pathophysiology of AD. The Butterfield laboratory is one of, if not the, first research group to show that Aβ42 oligomers led to lipid peroxidation and to demonstrate this modification in brains of subjects with AD and MCI. The Mattson laboratory, particularly when Dr. Mattson was a faculty member at the University of Kentucky, also showed evidence for lipid peroxidation associated with Aβ peptides, mostly in in vitro systems. Consequently, there is synergy between our two laboratories. Since this special tribute issue of Aging Research Reviews is dedicated to the career of Dr. Mattson, a review of some aspects of this synergy of lipid peroxidation and its relevance to AD, as well as the role of lipid peroxidation in the progression of this dementing disorder seems germane. Accordingly, this review outlines some of the individual and/or complementary research on lipid peroxidation related to AD published from our two laboratories either separately or jointly.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University Of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, United States.
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26
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Epel ES. The geroscience agenda: Toxic stress, hormetic stress, and the rate of aging. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 63:101167. [PMID: 32979553 PMCID: PMC7520385 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Geroscience offers a counterpoint to the challenged pursuit of curing diseases of aging, by focusing on slowing the biological aging process for extended healthspan earlier in life. Remarkable progress has led this field toward animal trials and the next challenge lies with translation to humans. There is an emerging number of small human trials that can take advantage of new models integrating behavioral and social factors. Understanding dynamic aging mechanisms, given the powerful social determinants of aging (Crimmins, 2020) and human variability and environmental contexts (Moffitt, 2020), will be critical. Behavioral and social factors are intrinsic to aging. Toxic stressors broadly defined can lead to stress-acceleration of aging, either directly impacting aging processes or by shaping poor behavioral health, and underlie the socioeconomic disparities of aging. In contrast, hormetic stressors, acute intermittent stressors of moderate intensity, can produce stress resilience, the ability for quick recovery and possibly rejuvenation of cells and tissues. Although health research usually examines static biomarkers, aging is reflected in dynamic ability to recover from challenges pointing to new interventions and targets for examining mechanisms. A fuller model incorporating stress resilience provides innovative biobehavioral interventions, both for bolstering response to challenges, such as COVID-19, and for improving healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa S Epel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, & Center for Health and Community, University of California, 3333 California St, Ste 465, San Francisco, CA, 94122, United States.
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27
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Diaz JE, Ahsen ME, Schaffter T, Chen X, Realubit RB, Karan C, Califano A, Losic B, Stolovitzky G. The transcriptomic response of cells to a drug combination is more than the sum of the responses to the monotherapies. eLife 2020; 9:52707. [PMID: 32945258 PMCID: PMC7546737 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our ability to discover effective drug combinations is limited, in part by insufficient understanding of how the transcriptional response of two monotherapies results in that of their combination. We analyzed matched time course RNAseq profiling of cells treated with single drugs and their combinations and found that the transcriptional signature of the synergistic combination was unique relative to that of either constituent monotherapy. The sequential activation of transcription factors in time in the gene regulatory network was implicated. The nature of this transcriptional cascade suggests that drug synergy may ensue when the transcriptional responses elicited by two unrelated individual drugs are correlated. We used these results as the basis of a simple prediction algorithm attaining an AUROC of 0.77 in the prediction of synergistic drug combinations in an independent dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer El Diaz
- Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States.,Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States.,IBM Computational Biology Center, IBM Research, Yorktown Heights, United States
| | - Mehmet Eren Ahsen
- Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States.,IBM Computational Biology Center, IBM Research, Yorktown Heights, United States.,Department of Business Administration, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, United States
| | - Thomas Schaffter
- Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States.,IBM Computational Biology Center, IBM Research, Yorktown Heights, United States
| | - Xintong Chen
- Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Ronald B Realubit
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, High Throughput Screening Facility, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Charles Karan
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, High Throughput Screening Facility, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Andrea Califano
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Bojan Losic
- Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States.,Tisch Cancer Institute, Cancer Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States.,Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States.,Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Gustavo Stolovitzky
- Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States.,IBM Computational Biology Center, IBM Research, Yorktown Heights, United States.,Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, United States
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28
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Aidoud A, Marlet J, Angoulvant D, Debacq C, Gavazzi G, Fougère B. Influenza vaccination as a novel means of preventing coronary heart disease: Effectiveness in older adults. Vaccine 2020; 38:4944-4955. [PMID: 32536551 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis can have various etiologies, including several newly recognized immunoinflammatory mechanisms. A growing body of evidence suggests that influenza infection is chronologically linked to acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and thus that the virus is a novel cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. Morbidity and mortality rates for both influenza infection and AMI rise markedly with age. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that influenza vaccination (IV) has a cardioprotective effect, especially in people aged 65 and over; hence, IV may be of value in the management of CVD. These observations justify efforts to better understand the underlying mechanisms and to identify therapeutic targets in older adults. In view of the above, the objective of the present study was to review the literature data on the cellular mechanisms that link IV to the prevention of atherosclerotic complications. Given the greater burden of CVD in older subjects, we also questioned the impact of aging on this association. The most widely recognized benefit of IV is the prevention of influenza infection and the latter's cardiovascular complications. In a new hypothesis, however, an influenza-independent effect is driven by vaccine immunity and modulation of the ongoing immunoinflammatory response in individuals with CVD. Although influenza infection and IV both induce a proinflammatory response, they have opposite effects on the progression of atherosclerosis - suggesting a hormetic phenomenon. Aging is characterized by chronic inflammation (sometimes referred to as "inflammaging") that progresses insidiously during the course of aging-related diseases, including CVD. It remains to be determined whether vaccination has an effect on aging-related diseases other than CVD. Although the studies of this topic had various limitations, the results highlight the potential benefits of vaccination in protecting the health of older adults, and should drive research on the molecular immunology of the response to IV and its correlation with atheroprotective processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Aidoud
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France.
| | - Julien Marlet
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research INSERM U1259, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Denis Angoulvant
- Cardiology Unit, Trousseau Hospital, CHRU de Tours & EA4245, Loire Valley Cardiovascular Collaboration, Tours University, Tours, France
| | - Camille Debacq
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Gaëtan Gavazzi
- University Clinics of Geriatrics, University Hospital of Grenoble-Alpes, GREPI EA7408 University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Bertrand Fougère
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France; Éducation, éthique, santé (EA 7505), Tours University, Tours, France
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29
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Wang SF, Chen S, Tseng LM, Lee HC. Role of the mitochondrial stress response in human cancer progression. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:861-878. [PMID: 32326760 PMCID: PMC7268930 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220920558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Dysregulated mitochondria often occurred in cancers. Mitochondrial dysfunction might contribute to cancer progression. We reviewed several mitochondrial stresses in cancers. Mitochondrial stress responses might contribute to cancer progression. Several mitochondrion-derived molecules (ROS, Ca2+, oncometabolites, exported mtDNA, mitochondrial double-stranded RNA, humanin, and MOTS-c), integrated stress response, and mitochondrial unfolded protein response act as retrograde signaling pathways and might be critical in the development and progression of cancer. Targeting these mitochondrial stress responses may be an important strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 112 Taipei
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 110 Taipei
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 112 Taipei
| | - Shiuan Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ling-Ming Tseng
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 112 Taipei
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 112 Taipei
| | - Hsin-Chen Lee
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 112 Taipei
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30
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Bayele HK. Sirtuins transduce STACs signals through steroid hormone receptors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5338. [PMID: 32210296 PMCID: PMC7093472 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62162-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT1 protects against several complex metabolic and ageing-related diseases (MARDs), and is therefore considered a polypill target to improve healthy ageing. Although dietary sirtuin-activating compounds (dSTACs) including resveratrol are promising drug candidates, their clinical application has been frustrated by an imprecise understanding of how their signals are transduced into increased healthspan. Recent work indicates that SIRT1 and orthologous sirtuins coactivate the oestrogen receptor/ER and the worm steroid receptor DAF-12. Here they are further shown to ligand-independently transduce dSTACs signals through these receptors. While some dSTACs elicit ER subtype-selectivity in the presence of hormone, most synergize with 17β-oestradiol and dafachronic acid respectively to increase ER and DAF-12 coactivation by the sirtuins. These data suggest that dSTACs functionally mimic gonadal steroid hormones, enabling sirtuins to transduce the cognate signals through a conserved endocrine pathway. Interestingly, resveratrol non-monotonically modulates sirtuin signalling, suggesting that it may induce hormesis, i.e. “less is more”. Together, the findings suggest that dSTACs may be informational molecules that use exploitative mimicry to modulate sirtuin signalling through steroid receptors. Hence dSTACs’ intrinsic oestrogenicity may underlie their proven ability to impart the health benefits of oestradiol, and also provides a mechanistic insight into how they extend healthspan or protect against MARDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry K Bayele
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
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31
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Han C, Liu Y, Dai R, Ismail N, Su W, Li B. Ferroptosis and Its Potential Role in Human Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:239. [PMID: 32256352 PMCID: PMC7090218 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel regulated cell death pattern discovered when studying the mechanism of erastin-killing RAS mutant tumor cells in 2012. It is an iron-dependent programmed cell death pathway mainly caused by an increased redox imbalance but with distinct biological and morphology characteristics when compared to other known cell death patterns. Ferroptosis is associated with various diseases including acute kidney injury, cancer, and cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and hepatic diseases. Moreover, activation or inhibition of ferroptosis using a variety of ferroptosis initiators and inhibitors can modulate disease progression in animal models. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of ferroptosis, its initiators and inhibitors, and the potential role of its main metabolic pathways in the treatment and prevention of various diseased states. We end the review with the current knowledge gaps in this area to provide direction for future research on ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Rongji Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Nafissa Ismail
- Neuroimmunology, Stress and Endocrinology (NISE) Lab, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Weijun Su
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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32
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Leri M, Scuto M, Ontario ML, Calabrese V, Calabrese EJ, Bucciantini M, Stefani M. Healthy Effects of Plant Polyphenols: Molecular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1250. [PMID: 32070025 PMCID: PMC7072974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing extension in life expectancy of human beings in developed countries is accompanied by a progressively greater rate of degenerative diseases associated with lifestyle and aging, most of which are still waiting for effective, not merely symptomatic, therapies. Accordingly, at present, the recommendations aimed at reducing the prevalence of these conditions in the population are limited to a safer lifestyle including physical/mental exercise, a reduced caloric intake, and a proper diet in a convivial environment. The claimed health benefits of the Mediterranean and Asian diets have been confirmed in many clinical trials and epidemiological surveys. These diets are characterized by several features, including low meat consumption, the intake of oils instead of fats as lipid sources, moderate amounts of red wine, and significant amounts of fresh fruit and vegetables. In particular, the latter have attracted popular and scientific attention for their content, though in reduced amounts, of a number of molecules increasingly investigated for their healthy properties. Among the latter, plant polyphenols have raised remarkable interest in the scientific community; in fact, several clinical trials have confirmed that many health benefits of the Mediterranean/Asian diets can be traced back to the presence of significant amounts of these molecules, even though, in some cases, contradictory results have been reported, which highlights the need for further investigation. In light of the results of these trials, recent research has sought to provide information on the biochemical, molecular, epigenetic, and cell biology modifications by plant polyphenols in cell, organismal, animal, and human models of cancer, metabolic, and neurodegenerative pathologies, notably Alzheimer's and Parkinson disease. The findings reported in the last decade are starting to help to decipher the complex relations between plant polyphenols and cell homeostatic systems including metabolic and redox equilibrium, proteostasis, and the inflammatory response, establishing an increasingly solid molecular basis for the healthy effects of these molecules. Taken together, the data currently available, though still incomplete, are providing a rationale for the possible use of natural polyphenols, or their molecular scaffolds, as nutraceuticals to contrast aging and to combat many associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Leri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.L.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Firenze, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95125 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (M.L.O.); (V.C.)
| | - Maria Laura Ontario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95125 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (M.L.O.); (V.C.)
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95125 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (M.L.O.); (V.C.)
| | - Edward J. Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Monica Bucciantini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.L.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Massimo Stefani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.L.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
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Sikkink KL, Hostager R, Kobiela ME, Fremling N, Johnston K, Zambre A, Snell-Rood EC. Tolerance of Novel Toxins through Generalized Mechanisms: Simulating Gradual Host Shifts of Butterflies. Am Nat 2020; 195:485-503. [PMID: 32097036 DOI: 10.1086/707195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Organisms encounter a wide range of toxic compounds in their environments, from chemicals that serve anticonsumption or anticompetition functions to pollutants and pesticides. Although we understand many detoxification mechanisms that allow organisms to consume toxins typical of their diet, we know little about why organisms vary in their ability to tolerate entirely novel toxins. We tested whether variation in generalized stress responses, such as antioxidant pathways, may underlie variation in reactions to novel toxins and, if so, their associated costs. We used an artificial diet to present cabbage white butterfly caterpillars (Pieris rapae) with plant material containing toxins not experienced in their evolutionary history. Families that maintained high performance (e.g., high survival, fast development time, large body size) on diets containing one novel toxic plant also performed well when exposed to two other novel toxic plants, consistent with a generalized response. Variation in constitutive (but not induced) expression of genes involved in oxidative stress responses was positively related to performance on the novel diets. While we did not detect reproductive trade-offs of this generalized response, there was a tendency to have less melanin investment in the wings, consistent with the role of melanin in oxidative stress responses. Taken together, our results support the hypothesis that variation in generalized stress responses, such as genes involved in oxidative stress responses, may explain the variation in tolerance to entirely novel toxins and may facilitate colonization of novel hosts and environments.
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Aoishi Y, Yoshimasu T, Oura S, Kawago M, Hirai Y, Miyasaka M, Ohashi T, Nishimura Y. Quantitative Evaluation of Hormesis in Breast Cancer Using Histoculture Drug Response Assay. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819896183. [PMID: 31903070 PMCID: PMC6933548 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819896183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Hormesis is a phenomenon of growth stimulation at low doses and inhibition at higher doses. In cancer treatment, little is known about how hormesis affects cancer cell proliferation. We evaluated the hormetic dose-response relationship of paclitaxel using surgically resected breast cancer specimens on the basis of histoculture drug response assay (HDRA). Methods We used surgically resected fresh tumor specimens from 22 patients with breast cancer: 17 invasive ductal, 3 mucinous, and 2 other "special-type" cancers. All patients were female, ranging in age between 40 and 86 (median 60) years. Small pieces of viable cancer tissue were placed on collagen gel and cultured for 7 days with paclitaxel. Inhibition rates of paclitaxel at several concentrations were measured and fitted to a sigmoid dose-response curve. Results Hormesis was observed in 9 of the 22 cases; ED50 of cytotoxic effect was significantly higher (P = .0036) in hormesis (H) group (44.6 ± 4.2 µg/mL) than in nonhormesis (N) group (26.7 ± 3.5 μg/mL). Conclusion We evaluated hormesis in breast cancer tissue using HDRA for the first time although previously confirmed in cultured cells. Hormesis seems to occur in patients undergoing treatment with anticancer agents, especially in a metastatic setting. Meanwhile, tumor growth may be stimulated in patients who are resistant to paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Aoishi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yoshimasu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Shoji Oura
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Mitsumasa Kawago
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Hirai
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Miwako Miyasaka
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Takuya Ohashi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Nishimura
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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Musa M, Perić M, Bou Dib P, Sobočanec S, Šarić A, Lovrić A, Rudan M, Nikolić A, Milosević I, Vlahoviček K, Raimundo N, Kriško A. Heat-induced longevity in budding yeast requires respiratory metabolism and glutathione recycling. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:2407-2427. [PMID: 30227387 PMCID: PMC6188503 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Heat-induced hormesis is a well-known conserved phenomenon in aging, traditionally attributed to the benefits conferred by increased amounts of heat shock (HS) proteins. Here we find that the key event for the HS-induced lifespan extension in budding yeast is the switch from glycolysis to respiratory metabolism. The resulting increase in reactive oxygen species activates the antioxidant response, supported by the redirection of glucose from glycolysis to the pentose phosphate pathway, increasing the production of NADPH. This sequence of events culminates in replicative lifespan (RLS) extension, implying decreased mortality per generation that persists even after the HS has finished. We found that switching to respiratory metabolism, and particularly the consequent increase in glutathione levels, were essential for the observed RLS extension. These results draw the focus away solely from the HS response and demonstrate that the antioxidant response has a key role in heat-induced hormesis. Our findings underscore the importance of the changes in cellular metabolic activity for heat-induced longevity in budding yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Musa
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, Split, Croatia
| | - Matea Perić
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, Split, Croatia
| | - Peter Bou Dib
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Cellular Biochemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Sobočanec
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Šarić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anita Lovrić
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, Split, Croatia
| | - Marina Rudan
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, Split, Croatia
| | - Andrea Nikolić
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, Split, Croatia
| | - Ira Milosević
- European Neuroscience Institute, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kristian Vlahoviček
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nuno Raimundo
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Cellular Biochemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anita Kriško
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, Split, Croatia
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Yap WY, Tan KJSX, Hwang JS. Expansion of Hydra actinoporin-like toxin (HALT) gene family: Expression divergence and functional convergence evolved through gene duplication. Toxicon 2019; 170:10-20. [PMID: 31513812 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Hydra actinoporin-like toxin 1 (HALT-1) was previously shown to cause cytolysis and haemolysis in a number of human cells and has similar functional properties to the actinoporins equinatoxin and sticholysin. In addition to HALT-1, five other HALTs (HALTs 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7) were also isolated from Hydra magnipapillata and expressed as recombinant proteins in this study. We demonstrated that recombinant HALTs have cytolytic activity on HeLa cells but each exhibited a different range of toxicity. All six recombinant HALTs bound to sulfatide, while rHALT-1 and rHALT-3 bound to two additional sphingolipids, lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine-1-phosphate as indicated by the protein-lipid overlay assay. When either tryptophan133 or tyrosine129 of HALT-1 was mutated, the mutant protein lost binding to sulfatide, lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine-1-phosphate. As further verification of HALTs' binding to sulfatide, we performed ELISA for each HALT. To determine the cell-type specific gene expression of seven HALTs in Hydra, we searched for individual HALT expression in the single-cell RNA-seq data set of Single Cell Portal. The results showed that HALT-1, 4 and 7 were expressed in differentiating stenoteles. HALT-1 and HALT-6 were expressed in the female germline during oogenesis. HALT-2 was strongly expressed in the gland and mucous cells in the endoderm. Information on HALT-3 and HALT-5 could not be found in the single-cell data set. Our findings show that subfunctionalisation of gene expression following duplication enabled HALTs to become specialized in various cell types of the interstitial cell lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yuen Yap
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Katrina Joan Shu Xian Tan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jung Shan Hwang
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Chariyakornkul A, Punvittayagul C, Taya S, Wongpoomchai R. Inhibitory effect of purple rice husk extract on AFB 1-induced micronucleus formation in rat liver through modulation of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:237. [PMID: 31481128 PMCID: PMC6724366 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2647-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Rice husk, a waste material produced during milling, contains numerous phytochemicals that may be sources of cancer chemopreventive agents. Various biological activities of white and colored rice husk have been reported. However, there are few comparative studies of the cancer chemopreventive effects of white and colored rice husk. Methods This study investigated the cancer chemopreventive activities of two different colors of rice husk using in vitro and in vivo models. A bacterial mutation assay using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 was performed; enzyme induction activity in murine hepatoma cells was measured, and a liver micronucleus test was performed in male Wistar rats. Results The white rice husk (WRHE) and purple rice husk (PRHE) extracts were not mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 or TA100 in the presence or absence of metabolic activation. However, the extracts exhibited antimutagenicity against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and 2-amino-3,4 dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinolone (MeIQ) in a Salmonella mutation assay. The extracts also induced anticarcinogenic enzyme activity in a murine Hepa1c1c7 hepatoma cell line. Interestingly, PRHE but not WRHE exhibited antigenotoxicity in the rat liver micronucleus test. PRHE significantly decreased the number of micronucleated hepatocytes in AFB1-initiated rats. PRHE contained higher amounts of phenolic compounds and vitamin E than WRHE in both tocopherols and tocotrienols as well as polyphenol such as cyanidin-3-glucoside, protocatechuic acid and vanillic acid. Furthermore, PRHE increased CYP1A1 and 1A2 activities while decreasing CYP3A2 activity in the livers of AFB1-treated rats. PRHE also enhanced various detoxifying enzyme activities, including glutathione S-transferase, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase and heme oxygenase. Conclusions PRHE showed potent cancer chemopreventive activity in a rat liver micronucleus assay through modulation of phase I and II xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes involved in AFB1 metabolism. Vitamin E and phenolic compounds may be candidate antimutagens in purple rice husk. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-019-2647-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Zeng L, Sun C, Pei Z, Yun T, Fan S, Long S, Wu T, Chen Z, Yang Z, Xu F. Liangyi Gao extends lifespan and exerts an antiaging effect in Caenorhabditis elegans by modulating DAF-16/FOXO. Biogerontology 2019; 20:665-676. [PMID: 31332584 PMCID: PMC6733806 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Liangyi Gao (LYG), a traditional Chinese medicine, is composed of Ginseng and Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, both of which have been shown to have antiaging properties. In Eastern countries, LYG is used to delay functional declines related to aging and has an obvious antiaging effect in clinical practice. However, little data from evidence-based medicine is available regarding whether LYG is beneficial overall, particularly with respect to lifespan, and how LYG functions. To address these issues, Caenorhabditis elegans, a useful organism for such studies, was employed to explore the antiaging effect and mechanism of LYG in this study. The results showed that LYG could obviously extend lifespan and slow aging-related declines in N2 wild-type C. elegans. To further characterize these antiaging effects and stress resistance, reproductive tests and other aging-related tests were performed. We found that LYG enhanced resistance against oxidative and thermal stress, reproduction, pharynx pumping, motility and growth in N2 wild-type C. elegans. In addition, we analyzed the mechanism for these effects by measuring the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the expression levels of aging-related genes. We found that LYG enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes and upregulated the genes daf-16, sod-3 and sir-2.1, which mediated stress resistance and longevity. In conclusion, LYG had robust and reproducible life-prolonging and antiaging benefits in C. elegans via DAF-16/FOXO regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Zeng
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 111 Da De Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhong Pei
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical, Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianchan Yun
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoyi Fan
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Simei Long
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical, Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tengteng Wu
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical, Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziwen Chen
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 111 Da De Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Fuping Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 111 Da De Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong Province, China.
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Abstract
Aging, as a physiological process mediated by numerous regulatory pathways and transcription factors, is manifested by continuous progressive functional decline and increasing risk of chronic diseases. There is an increasing interest to identify pharmacological agents for treatment and prevention of age-related disease in humans. Animal models play an important role in identification and testing of anti-aging compounds; this step is crucial before the drug will enter human clinical trial or will be introduced to human medicine. One of the main goals of animal studies is better understanding of mechanistic targets, therapeutic implications and side-effects of the drug, which may be later translated into humans. In this chapter, we summarized the effects of different drugs reported to extend the lifespan in model organisms from round worms to rodents. Resveratrol, rapamycin, metformin and aspirin, showing effectiveness in model organism life- and healthspan extension mainly target the master regulators of aging such as mTOR, FOXO and PGC1α, affecting autophagy, inflammation and oxidative stress. In humans, these drugs were demonstrated to reduce inflammation, prevent CVD, and slow down the functional decline in certain organs. Additionally, potential anti-aging pharmacologic agents inhibit cancerogenesis, interfering with certain aspects of cell metabolism, proliferation, angioneogenesis and apoptosis.
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Farley MM, Watkins TA. Intrinsic Neuronal Stress Response Pathways in Injury and Disease. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2019; 13:93-116. [PMID: 29414247 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012414-040354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
From injury to disease to aging, neurons, like all cells, may face various insults that can impact their function and survival. Although the consequences are substantially dictated by the type, context, and severity of insult, distressed neurons are far from passive. Activation of cellular stress responses aids in the preservation or restoration of nervous system function. However, stress responses themselves can further advance neuropathology and contribute significantly to neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Here we explore the recent advances in defining the cellular stress responses within neurodegenerative diseases and neuronal injury, and we emphasize axonal injury as a well-characterized model of neuronal insult. We highlight key findings and unanswered questions about neuronal stress response pathways, from the initial detection of cellular insults through the underlying mechanisms of the responses to their ultimate impact on the fates of distressed neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline M Farley
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030;
| | - Trent A Watkins
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030;
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Yalcin G, Lee CK. Recent studies on anti-aging compounds with Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE OF AGING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tma.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Panossian A, Seo EJ, Efferth T. Novel molecular mechanisms for the adaptogenic effects of herbal extracts on isolated brain cells using systems biology. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 50:257-284. [PMID: 30466987 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adaptogens are natural compounds or plant extracts that increase adaptability and survival of organisms under stress. Adaptogens stimulate cellular and organismal defense systems by activating intracellular and extracellular signaling pathways and expression of stress-activated proteins and neuropeptides. The effects adaptogens on mediators of adaptive stress response and longevity signaling pathways have been reported, but their stress-protective mechanisms are still not fully understood. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to identify key molecular mechanisms of adaptogenic plants traditionally used to treat stress and aging-related disorders, i.e., Rhodiola rosea, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Withania somnifera, Rhaponticum carthamoides, and Bryonia alba. MATERIALS AND METHODS To investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of adaptogens, we conducted RNA sequencing to profile gene expression alterations in T98G neuroglia cells upon treatment of adaptogens and analyzed the relevance of deregulated genes to adaptive stress-response signaling pathways using in silico pathway analysis software. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION At least 88 of the 3516 genes regulated by adaptogens were closely associated with adaptive stress response and adaptive stress-response signaling pathways (ASRSPs), including neuronal signaling related to corticotropin-releasing hormone, cAMP-mediated, protein kinase A, and CREB; pathways related to signaling involving CXCR4, melatonin, nitric oxide synthase, GP6, Gαs, MAPK, neuroinflammation, neuropathic pain, opioids, renin-angiotensin, AMPK, calcium, and synapses; and pathways associated with dendritic cell maturation and G-coupled protein receptor-mediated nutrient sensing in enteroendocrine cells. All samples tested showed significant effects on the expression of genes encoding neurohormones CRH, GNRH, UCN, G-protein-coupled and other transmembrane receptors TLR9, PRLR, CHRNE, GP1BA, PLXNA4, a ligand-dependent nuclear receptor RORA, transmembrane channels, transcription regulators FOS, FOXO6, SCX, STAT5A, ZFPM2, ZNF396, ZNF467, protein kinases MAPK10, MAPK13, MERTK, FLT1, PRKCH, ROS1, TTN), phosphatases PTPRD, PTPRR, peptidases, metabolic enzymes, a chaperone (HSPA6), and other proteins, all of which modulate numerous life processes, playing key roles in several canonical pathways involved in defense response and regulation of homeostasis in organisms. It is for the first time we report that the molecular mechanism of actions of melatonin and plant adaptogens are alike, all adaptogens tested activated the melatonin signaling pathway by acting through two G-protein-coupled membrane receptors MT1 and MT2 and upregulation of the ligand-specific nuclear receptor RORA, which plays a role in intellectual disability, neurological disorders, retinopathy, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cancer, which are common in aging. Furthermore, melatonin activated adaptive signaling pathways and upregulated expression of UCN, GNRH1, TLR9, GP1BA, PLXNA4, CHRM4, GPR19, VIPR2, RORA, STAT5A, ZFPM2, ZNF396, FLT1, MAPK10, MERTK, PRKCH, and TTN, which were commonly regulated by all adaptogens tested. We conclude that melatonin is an adaptation hormone playing an important role in regulation of homeostasis. Adaptogens presumably worked as eustressors ("stress-vaccines") to activate the cellular adaptive system by inducing the expression of ASRSPs, which then reciprocally protected cells from damage caused by distress. Functional investigation by interactive pathways analysis demonstrated that adaptogens activated ASRSPs associated with stress-induced and aging-related disorders such as chronic inflammation, cardiovascular health, neurodegenerative cognitive impairment, metabolic disorders, and cancer. CONCLUSION This study has elucidated the genome-wide effects of several adaptogenic herbal extracts in brain cells culture. These data highlight the consistent activation of ASRSPs by adaptogens in T98G neuroglia cells. The extracts affected many genes playing key roles in modulation of adaptive homeostasis, indicating their ability to modify gene expression to prevent stress-induced and aging-related disorders. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive look at the molecular mechanisms by which adaptogens exerts stress-protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ean-Jeong Seo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, Mainz 55128, Germany.
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Snell-Rood EC, Kobiela, ME, Sikkink, KL, Shephard AM. Mechanisms of Plastic Rescue in Novel Environments. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110617-062622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive phenotypic plasticity provides a mechanism of developmental rescue in novel and rapidly changing environments. Understanding the underlying mechanism of plasticity is important for predicting both the likelihood that a developmental response is adaptive and associated life-history trade-offs that could influence patterns of subsequent evolutionary rescue. Although evolved developmental switches may move organisms toward a new adaptive peak in a novel environment, such mechanisms often result in maladaptive responses. The induction of generalized physiological mechanisms in new environments is relatively more likely to result in adaptive responses to factors such as novel toxins, heat stress, or pathogens. Developmental selection forms of plasticity, which rely on within-individual selective processes, such as shaping of tissue architecture, trial-and-error learning, or acquired immunity, are particularly likely to result in adaptive plasticity in a novel environment. However, both the induction of plastic responses and the ability to be plastic through developmental selection come with significant costs, resulting in delays in reproduction, increased individual investment, and reduced fecundity. Thus, we might expect complex interactions between plastic responses that allow survival in novel environments and subsequent evolutionary responses at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie C. Snell-Rood
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA;, , ,
| | - Megan E. Kobiela,
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA;, , ,
| | - Kristin L. Sikkink,
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA;, , ,
| | - Alexander M. Shephard
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA;, , ,
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Manukhina EB, Tseilikman VE, Tseilikman OB, Komelkova MV, Kondashevskaya MV, Goryacheva AV, Lapshin MS, Platkovskii PO, Alliluev AV, Downey HF. Intermittent hypoxia improves behavioral and adrenal gland dysfunction induced by posttraumatic stress disorder in rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:931-937. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01123.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonpharmacological treatments of stress-induced disorders are promising, since they enhance endogenous stress defense systems, are free of side effects, and have few contraindications. The present study tested the hypothesis that intermittent hypoxia conditioning (IHC) ameliorates behavioral, biochemical, and morphological signs of experimental posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) induced in rats with a model of predator stress (10-day exposure to cat urine scent, 15 min daily followed by 14 days of stress-free rest). After the last day of stress exposure, rats were conditioned in an altitude chamber for 14 days at a 1,000-m simulated altitude for 30 min on day 1 with altitude and duration progressively increasing to 4,000 m for 4 h on day 5. PTSD was associated with decreased time spent in open arms and increased time spent in closed arms of the elevated X-maze, increased anxiety index, and increased rate of freezing responses. Functional and structural signs of adrenal cortex degeneration were also observed, including decreased plasma concentration of corticosterone, decreased weight of adrenal glands, reduced thickness of the fasciculate zone, and hydropic degeneration of adrenal gland cells. The thickness of the adrenal fasciculate zone negatively correlated with the anxiety index. IHC alleviated both behavioral signs of PTSD and morphological evidence of adrenal cortex dystrophy. Also, IHC alone exerted an antistress effect, which was evident from the increased time spent in open arms of the elevated X-maze and a lower number of rats displaying freezing responses. Therefore, IHC of rats with experimental PTSD reduced behavioral signs of the condition and damage to the adrenal glands. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Intermittent hypoxia conditioning (IHC) has been shown to be cardio-, vaso-, and neuroprotective. For the first time, in a model of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), this study showed that IHC alleviated both PTSD-induced behavioral disorders and functional and morphological damage to the adrenal glands. Also, IHC alone exerted an antistress effect. These results suggest that IHC may be a promising complementary treatment for PTSD-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia B. Manukhina
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
- Laboratory for Regulatory Mechanisms of Stress and Adaptation, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | | | - Olga B. Tseilikman
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Maria V. Komelkova
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Marina V. Kondashevskaya
- Laboratory for Immunomorphology of Inflammation, FSBSI Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V. Goryacheva
- Laboratory for Regulatory Mechanisms of Stress and Adaptation, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim S. Lapshin
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | | | | | - H. Fred Downey
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
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Fratantonio D, Cimino F, Speciale A, Virgili F. Need (more than) two to Tango: Multiple tools to adapt to changes in oxygen availability. Biofactors 2018; 44:207-218. [PMID: 29485192 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen is a fundamental element for the life of a large number of living organisms allowing an efficient energetic utilization of substrates. Organisms relying on oxygen evolved complex structures for oxygen delivery and biochemical machineries dealing with its safe utilization and the ability to overcome the potentially harmful consequences of changes in oxygen availability. On fact, cells composing complex Eukaryotic organisms are set to live within an optimum narrow range of oxygen, quite specific for each cell type. Minute modifications of oxygen availability, either positive or negative, induce the expression of specific genes, the major actors of this responses being the transcription factors HIF and Nrf2 that control the attempt to cope with low oxygen (hypoxia) or to either high oxygen or to an oxygen "overflow," respectively. This review describes the interaction between these two transcription factors and their interaction with the transcription factor NF-κB acting as a pivotal determinant of final cell response. © 2018 BioFactors, 44(3):207-218, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Fratantonio
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Fabio Virgili
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Food and Nutrition Research Centre (CREA-AN), Rome, Italy
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Pietrelli A, Di Nardo M, Masucci A, Brusco A, Basso N, Matkovic L. Lifelong Aerobic Exercise Reduces the Stress Response in Rats. Neuroscience 2018; 376:94-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kim SA, Lee YM, Choi JY, Jacobs DR, Lee DH. Evolutionarily adapted hormesis-inducing stressors can be a practical solution to mitigate harmful effects of chronic exposure to low dose chemical mixtures. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 233:725-734. [PMID: 29126094 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Although the toxicity of synthetic chemicals at high doses is well known, chronic exposure to low-dose chemical mixtures has only recently been linked to many age-related diseases. However, it is nearly impossible to avoid the exposure to these low-dose chemical mixtures as humans are exposed to a myriad of synthetic chemicals as a part of their daily lives. Therefore, coping with possible harms due to low dose chemical mixtures is challenging. Interestingly, within the range of environmental exposure, disease risk does not increase linearly with increasing dose of chemicals, but often tends to plateau or even decrease with increasing dose. Hormesis, the over-compensation of various adaptive responses through cellular stresses, is one possible mechanism for this non-linearity. Although the hormetic effects of synthetic chemicals or radiation have long been debated in the field of toxicology, the hormesis concept has recently been generalized in the field of molecular biology; similar to responses to synthetic chemicals, mild to moderate intermittent stressors from any source can induce hormetic responses. Examples of stressors are exercise, calorie restriction, intermittent fasting, cognitive stimulation, and phytochemicals. Mitohormesis is hormesis induced by such stressors through mitochondrial retrograde signalling including the increased production of mild reactive oxygen species. Xenohormesis is phytochemical-induced hormesis, reflective of a mutualistic relationship between plant and animals. As humans had repeated exposure to all of these stressors during their evolution, the hormetic effects of these health behaviours may be considered to be evolutionarily adapted. Although hormesis induced by synthetic chemicals occurs in humans, such hormesis may not be recommended to the public due to unresolved issues on safety including the impossibility of control exposure. However, the use of personal health behaviors which enhance mitohormetic- or xenohormetic-stress can be readily incorporated into everyone's daily lives as a practical way to counteract harmful effects of unavoidable low-dose chemical mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-A Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Lee
- Department of Preventative Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Yong Choi
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Skeletal Diseases Genome Researcher Analysis Center, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University and Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Duk-Hee Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventative Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Cortese-Krott MM, Koning A, Kuhnle GGC, Nagy P, Bianco CL, Pasch A, Wink DA, Fukuto JM, Jackson AA, van Goor H, Olson KR, Feelisch M. The Reactive Species Interactome: Evolutionary Emergence, Biological Significance, and Opportunities for Redox Metabolomics and Personalized Medicine. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:684-712. [PMID: 28398072 PMCID: PMC5576088 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Oxidative stress is thought to account for aberrant redox homeostasis and contribute to aging and disease. However, more often than not, administration of antioxidants is ineffective, suggesting that our current understanding of the underlying regulatory processes is incomplete. Recent Advances: Similar to reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, reactive sulfur species are now emerging as important signaling molecules, targeting regulatory cysteine redox switches in proteins, affecting gene regulation, ion transport, intermediary metabolism, and mitochondrial function. To rationalize the complexity of chemical interactions of reactive species with themselves and their targets and help define their role in systemic metabolic control, we here introduce a novel integrative concept defined as the reactive species interactome (RSI). The RSI is a primeval multilevel redox regulatory system whose architecture, together with the physicochemical characteristics of its constituents, allows efficient sensing and rapid adaptation to environmental changes and various other stressors to enhance fitness and resilience at the local and whole-organism level. CRITICAL ISSUES To better characterize the RSI-related processes that determine fluxes through specific pathways and enable integration, it is necessary to disentangle the chemical biology and activity of reactive species (including precursors and reaction products), their targets, communication systems, and effects on cellular, organ, and whole-organism bioenergetics using system-level/network analyses. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Understanding the mechanisms through which the RSI operates will enable a better appreciation of the possibilities to modulate the entire biological system; moreover, unveiling molecular signatures that characterize specific environmental challenges or other forms of stress will provide new prevention/intervention opportunities for personalized medicine. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam M Cortese-Krott
- 1 Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anne Koning
- 2 Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gunter G C Kuhnle
- 3 Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading , Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Nagy
- 4 Molecular Immunology and Toxicology, National Institute of Oncology , Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Andreas Pasch
- 6 Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Bern and Calciscon AG , Bern, Switzerland
| | - David A Wink
- 7 Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Frederick, Maryland
| | - Jon M Fukuto
- 8 Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University , Rohnert Park, California
| | - Alan A Jackson
- 9 NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Harry van Goor
- 2 Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kenneth R Olson
- 10 Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend , South Bend, Indiana
| | - Martin Feelisch
- 9 NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom .,11 Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton , Southampton, United Kingdom
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Kell DB, Pretorius E. To What Extent Are the Terminal Stages of Sepsis, Septic Shock, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome Actually Driven by a Prion/Amyloid Form of Fibrin? Semin Thromb Hemost 2017; 44:224-238. [PMID: 28778104 PMCID: PMC6193370 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1604108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A well-established development of increasing disease severity leads from sepsis through systemic inflammatory response syndrome, septic shock, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and cellular and organismal death. Less commonly discussed are the equally well-established coagulopathies that accompany this. We argue that a lipopolysaccharide-initiated (often disseminated intravascular) coagulation is accompanied by a proteolysis of fibrinogen such that formed fibrin is both inflammatory and resistant to fibrinolysis. In particular, we argue that the form of fibrin generated is amyloid in nature because much of its normal α-helical content is transformed to β-sheets, as occurs with other proteins in established amyloidogenic and prion diseases. We hypothesize that these processes of amyloidogenic clotting and the attendant coagulopathies play a role in the passage along the aforementioned pathways to organismal death, and that their inhibition would be of significant therapeutic value, a claim for which there is considerable emerging evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Kell
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
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Silva-Palacios A, Ostolga-Chavarría M, Buelna-Chontal M, Garibay C, Hernández-Reséndiz S, Roldán FJ, Flores PL, Luna-López A, Königsberg M, Zazueta C. 3-NP-induced Huntington's-like disease impairs Nrf2 activation without loss of cardiac function in aged rats. Exp Gerontol 2017. [PMID: 28624355 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the leading causes of death in patients over 60years with Huntington's disease (HD). Here, we investigated if age-related oxidative stress (OS) is a relevant factor to develop cardiac damage in an in vivo model of striatal neurodegeneration induced by 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP). We also evaluated the potential effect of tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) to increase the Nrf2-regulated antioxidant response in hearts from adult and aged rats intoxicated with 3-NP. Our results showed that 3-NP-treatment did not induce cardiac dysfunction, neither in adult nor in aged rats. However, at the cellular level, adult animals showed higher susceptibility to 3-NP-induced damage than aged rats, which suggest that chronic oxidative stress ongoing during aging might have induced an hormetic response that probably prevented from further 3-NP damage. We also found that the oxidative unbalance concurs with unresponsiveness of the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response in old animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Silva-Palacios
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ignacio Chávez, Mexico; Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico; Programa de Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico
| | - M Ostolga-Chavarría
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ignacio Chávez, Mexico
| | - M Buelna-Chontal
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ignacio Chávez, Mexico
| | - C Garibay
- Departamento de Neuropatología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico
| | - S Hernández-Reséndiz
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ignacio Chávez, Mexico
| | - F J Roldán
- Departamento de Ecocardiografía, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ignacio Chávez, Mexico
| | - P L Flores
- Departamento de Instrumentación Electromecánica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ignacio Chávez, Mexico
| | - A Luna-López
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico
| | - M Königsberg
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico
| | - C Zazueta
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ignacio Chávez, Mexico.
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