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Liu X, Ge P, Lu Z, Yang R, Liu Z, Zhao F, Chen M. Reproductive toxicity and underlying mechanisms of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) on Caenorhabditis elegans in different seasons. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 248:114281. [PMID: 36379073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although numerous studies have investigated that atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can be toxic to environmental organisms, the research on the reproductive toxicity of PM2.5 is limited, and the key toxic components and underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this work, PM2.5 samples of four seasons in Nanjing from March 1, 2021, to February 28, 2022 were collected and the chemical components were analyzed. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was employed to conduct the toxicological testing. The reproductive toxicity of PM2.5 to C. elegans in different seasons was evaluated by multiple reproductive endpoints. Exposure to high concentrations of PM2.5 significantly decreased the brood size and the number of fertilized eggs in utero. PM2.5 exposure also increased the number of germ cell corpses and caused abnormal expression of apoptosis-related genes (ced-9, ced-4, and ced-3), which confirmed that PM2.5 induced germline apoptosis. In addition, PM2.5 exposure significantly increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C. elegans and the fluorescence intensity of HUS-1 protein in of transgenic strain WS1433. Meanwhile, the expression of genes related to DNA damage (cep-1, clk-2, egl-1, and hus-1) and oxidative stress (mev-1, isp-1, and gas-1) also significantly altered in C. elegans, suggesting induction of DNA damage and oxidative stress. According to Pearson correlation analyses, DNA damage and oxidative stress were significantly correlated with multiple reproductive endpoints in C. elegans. Thus, it was speculated that PM2.5 caused reproductive dysfunction and germ cell apoptosis in C. elegans may be by inducing ROS and DNA damage. In addition, heavy metals in PM2.5 were significantly correlated with multiple endpoints at physiological and biochemical, suggesting that the heavy metals might be an important contributor to the reproductive toxicity induced by PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Pengxiang Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Zhenyu Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Rongying Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Zhengjiang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Fen Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Mindong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
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Tian W, Zhang T, Wang X, Zhang J, Ju J, Xu H. Global research trends in atherosclerosis: A bibliometric and visualized study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:956482. [PMID: 36082127 PMCID: PMC9445883 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.956482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIncreasing evidence has spurred a considerable evolution of concepts related to atherosclerosis, prompting the need to provide a comprehensive view of the growing literature. By retrieving publications in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) of Clarivate Analytics, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature on atherosclerosis to describe the research landscape.MethodsA search was conducted of the WoSCC for articles and reviews serving exclusively as a source of information on atherosclerosis published between 2012 and 2022. Microsoft Excel 2019 was used to chart the annual productivity of research relevant to atherosclerosis. Through CiteSpace and VOSviewer, the most prolific countries or regions, authors, journals, and resource-, intellectual-, and knowledge-sharing in atherosclerosis research, as well as co-citation analysis of references and keywords, were analyzed.ResultsA total of 20,014 publications were retrieved. In terms of publications, the United States remains the most productive country (6,390, 31,93%). The most publications have been contributed by Johns Hopkins Univ (730, 3.65%). ALVARO ALONSO produced the most published works (171, 0.85%). With a betweenness centrality of 0.17, ERIN D MICHOS was the most influential author. The most prolific journal was identified as Atherosclerosis (893, 4.46%). Circulation received the most co-citations (14,939, 2.79%). Keywords with the ongoing strong citation bursts were “nucleotide-binding oligomerization (NOD), Leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing protein (NLRP3) inflammasome,” “short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs),” “exosome,” and “homeostasis,” etc.ConclusionThe research on atherosclerosis is driven mostly by North America and Europe. Intensive research has focused on the link between inflammation and atherosclerosis, as well as its complications. Specifically, the NLRP3 inflammasome, interleukin-1β, gut microbiota and SCFAs, exosome, long non-coding RNAs, autophagy, and cellular senescence were described to be hot issues in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wende Tian
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tai Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqing Ju
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jianqing Ju,
| | - Hao Xu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hao Xu,
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Kang E, Yim HE, Nam YJ, Jeong SH, Kim JA, Lee JH, Son MH, Yoo KH. Exposure to airborne particulate matter induces renal tubular cell injury in vitro: the role of vitamin D signaling and renin-angiotensin system. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10184. [PMID: 36033312 PMCID: PMC9403349 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to air pollution can interfere with the vitamin D endocrine system. This study investigated the effects of airborne particulate matter (PM) on renal tubular cell injury in vitro and explored the underlying mechanisms. Methods HK-2 human renal proximal tubule cells were treated with PM with or without 1,25(OH)2D3 analog, 19-Nor-1,25(OH)2D2 (paricalcitol, 10 nM) for 48 h. The dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity of PM with or without paricalcitol was determined via cell counting kit-8 assay. Cellular oxidative stress was assessed using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The protein expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR), cytochrome P450(CYP)27B1, CYP24A1, renin, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6 was determined. Results PM exposure decreased HK-2 cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The activities of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde in HK-2 cells increased significantly in the group exposed to PM. PM exposure decreased VDR and Nrf2, while increasing CYP27B1, renin, ACE, AT1, NF-kB, TNF-α, and IL-6. The expression of VDR, CYP27B1, renin, ACE, AT1, and TNF-α was reversed by paricalcitol treatment. Paricalcitol also restored the cell viability of PM-exposed HK-2 cells. Conclusion Our findings indicate that exposure to PM induces renal proximal tubular cell injury, concomitant with alteration of vitamin D endocrine system and renin angiotensin system. Vitamin D could attenuate renal tubular cell damage following PM exposure by suppressing the renin-angiotensin system and by partially inhibiting the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eungu Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Eun Yim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Nam
- Medical Science Research Center, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Jeong
- Medical Science Research Center, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Ae Kim
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Han Lee
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Gyeonggi 15355, South Korea
| | - Min Hwa Son
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Hwan Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148, Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
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Yao H, Zhao J, Zhu L, Xie Y, Zhao N, Yao R, Sun H, Han G. Protective effect of the effective part of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees on PM 2.5-induced lung injury in rats by modulating the NF-κB pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114420. [PMID: 34271116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees, a traditional Chinese herb, has been widely used in various Asian countries as a treatment for upper respiratory tract infections for centuries. AIM OF THE STUDY Continuous inhalation of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) may induce various respiratory diseases. This study elucidated the protective effect of the effective part of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees (AEP) against PM2.5-induced lung injury and detailed the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were orally administered 0.5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na), andrographolide (AG) (200 mg/kg) and AEP (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) once a day for 28 days. The rats were intratracheally instilled with PM2.5 suspension (8 mg/kg) every other day beginning on the 24th day for a total of 3 times. On the 29th day, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected to analyze the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), total proteins (TP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Hematoxylin & eosin staining was conducted to evaluate the pathological changes in the lung tissues. The protein expression of NF-κB p65 in the lung tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining. Moreover, the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 and the phosphorylation of IκBα were analyzed by western blotting. RESULTS PM2.5 exposure caused lung toxicity, which was characterized by pathological injury and increased levels of LDH, ACP, AKP and TP in BALF. Meanwhile, PM2.5 exposure induced lung inflammatory response, including infiltration of inflammatory cells and increased levels of inflammatory factors, such as TNF-α and IL-6 in BALF. AEP treatment significantly ameliorated the PM2.5-induced lung toxicity and the inflammatory response in rats. Moreover, AEP significantly inhibited the PM2.5-induced upregulation of NF-κB p65 protein expression, phosphorylation of IκBα and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in lung tissue. Compared to AG, AEP exhibited a better ability to alleviate PM2.5-induced pathological damage and decrease the TP level in the BALF. CONCLUSION AEP could be used to improve PM2.5-induced lung injury by modulating the NF-κB pathway, and multicomponent therapy with traditional Chinese medicine may be more effective than single-drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailu Yao
- Institute of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China.
| | - Junli Zhao
- Institute of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China.
| | - Lingjia Zhu
- Henan Provincial Institute of Food and Drug Control, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
| | - Yudan Xie
- Institute of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China.
| | - Nana Zhao
- Institute of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China.
| | - Ruiqi Yao
- Institute of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China.
| | - Huan Sun
- Institute of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China.
| | - Guang Han
- Institute of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China.
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Zou L, Xiong L, Wu T, Wei T, Liu N, Bai C, Huang X, Hu Y, Xue Y, Zhang T, Tang M. NADPH oxidases regulate endothelial inflammatory injury induced by PM 2.5 via AKT/eNOS/NO axis. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:738-749. [PMID: 34708887 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5 )-induced detrimental cardiovascular effects have been widely concerned, especially for endothelial cells, which is the first barrier of the cardiovascular system. Among potential mechanisms involved, reactive oxidative species take up a crucial part. However, source of oxidative stress and its relationship with inflammatory response have been rarely studied in PM2.5 -induced endothelial injury. Here, as a key oxidase that catalyzes redox reactions, NADPH oxidase (NOX) was investigated. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EA.hy926) were exposed to Standard Reference Material 1648a of urban PM2.5 for 24 h, which resulted in NOX-sourced oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation induction. These are manifested by the up-regulation of NOX, increase of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, elevated endothelin-1 (ET-1) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) level, reduced nitric oxide (NO) production, and down-regulation of phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) with increased levels of inducible NO synthase, as well as the imbalance between tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), and changes in the levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors. However, administration of NOX1/4 inhibitor GKT137831 alleviated PM2.5 -induced elevated endothelial dysfunction biomarkers (NO, ET-1, ADMA, iNOS, and tPA/PAI-1), inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-18), and adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and P-selectin) and also passivated NOX-dependent AKT and eNOS phosphorylation that involved in endothelial activation. In summary, PM2.5 -induced NOX up-regulation is the source of ROS in EA.hy926, which activated AKT/eNOS/NO signal response leading to endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory damage in EA.hy926 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyue Zou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lilin Xiong
- Department of Environmental Health, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianshu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changcun Bai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoquan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuying Xue
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Ke S, Liu Q, Zhang X, Yao Y, Yang X, Sui G. Cytotoxicity analysis of biomass combustion particles in human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells on an air-liquid interface/dynamic culture platform. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:31. [PMID: 34419099 PMCID: PMC8379799 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to indoor air pollution from solid fuel combustion is associated with lung diseases and cancer. This study investigated the cytotoxicity and molecular mechanisms of biomass combustion-derived particles in human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiC) using a platform that combines air-liquid interface (ALI) and dynamic culture (DC) systems. METHODS HPAEpiC were cultured on the surface of polycarbonate (PC) membranes on the ALI-DC platform. The cells were sprayed with an aerosolized solution of biomass combustion soluble constituents (BCSCs) and simultaneously nourished with culture medium flowing beneath the permeable PC membranes. The ALI-DC method was compared with the traditional submerged culture approach. BCSC particle morphology and dosages deposited on the chip were determined for particle characterization. Flow cytometry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to investigate the apoptosis rate of HPAEpiC and changes in the cell ultrastructure induced by BCSCs. Additionally, the underlying apoptotic pathway was examined by determining the protein expression levels by western blotting. RESULTS Scanning electron microscope images demonstrated that the sample processing and delivering approach of the ALI-DC platform were suitable for pollutant exposure. Compared with the submerged culture method, a significant decline in cell viability and increase in apoptosis rate was observed after BCSC exposure on the ALI-DC platform, indicating that the ALI-DC platform is a more sensitive system for investigating cytotoxicity of indoor air pollutants in lung cells. The morphology and ultrastructure of the cells were damaged after exposure to BCSCs, and the p53 pathway was activated. The Bcl-2/Bax ratio was reduced, upregulating caspase-9 and caspase-3 expression and subsequently inducing apoptosis of HPAEpiC. The addition of N-acetyl cysteine antioxidant significantly alleviated the cytotoxicity induced by BCSCs. CONCLUSION A novel ALI-DC platform was developed to study the cytotoxicity of air pollutants on lung cells. Using the platform, we demonstrated that BCSCs could damage the mitochondria, produce reactive oxygen species, and activate p53 in HPAEpiC, ultimately inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaorui Ke
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046 People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinlian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhan Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xudong Yang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guodong Sui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044 People’s Republic of China
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Rhew SH, Kravchenko J, Lyerly HK. Exposure to low-dose ambient fine particulate matter PM2.5 and Alzheimer's disease, non-Alzheimer's dementia, and Parkinson's disease in North Carolina. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253253. [PMID: 34242242 PMCID: PMC8270415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), non-AD dementia, and Parkinson's disease (PD) are increasingly common in older adults, yet all risk factors for their onset are not fully understood. Consequently, environmental exposures, including air pollution, have been hypothesized to contribute to the etiology of neurodegeneration. Because persistently elevated rates of AD mortality in the southern Piedmont area of North Carolina (NC) have been documented, we studied mortality and hospital admissions for AD, non-AD dementia, and PD in residential populations aged 65+ with long-term exposures to elevated levels of ambient air particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) exceeding the World Health Organization (WHO) air quality standards (≥10μg/m3). Health data were obtained from the State Center for Health Statistics and the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. PM2.5 levels were obtained from the MODIS/MISR and SeaWiFS datafiles. Residents in the Study group of elevated air particulate matter (87 zip codes with PM2.5≥10μg/m3) were compared to the residents in the Control group with low levels of air particulate matter (81 zip codes with PM2.5≤7.61μg/m3), and were found to have higher age-adjusted rates of mortality and hospital admissions for AD, non-AD dementia, and PD, including a most pronounced increase in AD mortality (323/100,000 vs. 257/100,000, respectively). After adjustment for multiple co-factors, the risk of death (odds ratio, or OR) from AD in the Study group (OR = 1.35, 95%CI[1.24-1.48]) was significantly higher than ORs of non-AD dementia or PD (OR = 0.97, 95%CI[0.90-1.04] and OR = 1.13, 95%CI[0.92-1.31]). The OR of hospital admissions was significantly increased only for AD as a primary case of hospitalization (OR = 1.54, 95%CI[1.31-1.82]). Conclusion: NC residents aged 65+ with long-term exposures to ambient PM2.5 levels exceeding the WHO standard had significantly increased risks of death and hospital admissions for AD. The effects for non-AD dementia and PD were less pronounced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Han Rhew
- Memory Keepers Medical Discovery Team, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Julia Kravchenko
- Environmental Health Scholars Program, Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - H. Kim Lyerly
- Environmental Health Scholars Program, Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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Chen Z, Huo X, Chen G, Luo X, Xu X. Lead (Pb) exposure and heart failure risk. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:28833-28847. [PMID: 33840028 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13725-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal with widespread industrial use, but it is also a widespread environmental contaminant with serious toxicological consequences to many species. Pb exposure adversely impacts the cardiovascular system in humans, leading to cardiac dysfunction, but its effects on heart failure risk remain poorly elucidated. To better understand the pathophysiological effects of Pb, we review potential mechanisms by which Pb exposure leads to cardiac dysfunction. Adverse effects of Pb exposure on cardiac function include heart failure risk, pressure overload, arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, and cardiotoxicity. The data reviewed clearly establish that Pb exposure can play an important role in the occurrence and development of heart failure. Future epidemiological and mechanistic studies should be developed to better understand the involvement of Pb exposure in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Chen
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangcan Chen
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuli Luo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
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Kanee R, Ede P, Maduka O, Owhonda G, Aigbogun E, Alsharif KF, Qasem AH, Alkhayyat SS, Batiha GES. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Levels in Wistar Rats Exposed to Ambient Air of Port Harcourt, Nigeria: An Indicator for Tissue Toxicity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5699. [PMID: 34073421 PMCID: PMC8198997 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the PAH levels in Wistar rats exposed to ambient air of the Port Harcourt metropolis. Twenty Wistar rats imported from a nonpolluted city (Enugu) were exposed to both indoor and outdoor air. Following the IACUC regulation, baseline data were obtained from 4 randomly selected rats, while the remaining 16 rats (8 each for indoor and outdoor) were left till day 90. Blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture, and the PAH levels were determined using Gas Chromatography Flame-Ionization Detector (GC-FID). GraphPad Prism (version 8.0.2) Sidak's (for multiple data set) and unpaired t-tests (for two data sets) were used to evaluate the differences in group means. Seven of the PAHs found in indoor and outdoor rats were absent in baseline rats. The mean concentrations of PAH in indoor and outdoor animals were higher than those of baseline animals, except for Benzo(a)pyrene, which was found in baseline animals but absent in other animal groups. Additionally, Dibenz(a,h)anthracene, Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene, Pyrene, 2-methyl, and other carcinogenic PAHs were all significantly higher (p < 0.05) in outdoor groups. The vulnerable groups in Port Harcourt are at the greatest risk of such pollution. Therefore, urgent environmental and public health measures are necessary to mitigate the looming danger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogers Kanee
- Institute of Geo-Science and Space Technology, Rivers State University, P.M.B. 5080, Nigeria; (R.K.); (P.E.)
| | - Precious Ede
- Institute of Geo-Science and Space Technology, Rivers State University, P.M.B. 5080, Nigeria; (R.K.); (P.E.)
| | - Omosivie Maduka
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Nigeria;
| | - Golden Owhonda
- Department of Public Health Services, Rivers State Ministry of Health, Port Harcourt 500001, Nigeria;
| | - Eric Aigbogun
- Center for Occupational Health, Safety, & Environment (COHSE), Institute of Petroleum Studies (IPS), University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Nigeria
| | - Khalaf F. Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed H. Qasem
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shadi S. Alkhayyat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt;
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10
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Xie W, You J, Zhi C, Li L. The toxicity of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) to vascular endothelial cells. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 41:713-723. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.4138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xie
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Jia You
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Chenxi Zhi
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Liang Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards University of South China Hengyang China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study University of South China Hengyang China
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11
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Liang S, Zhang J, Ning R, Du Z, Liu J, Batibawa JW, Duan J, Sun Z. The critical role of endothelial function in fine particulate matter-induced atherosclerosis. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:61. [PMID: 33276797 PMCID: PMC7716453 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00391-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient and indoor air pollution contributes annually to approximately seven million premature deaths. Air pollution is a complex mixture of gaseous and particulate materials. In particular, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) plays a major mortality risk factor particularly on cardiovascular diseases through mechanisms of atherosclerosis, thrombosis and inflammation. A review on the PM2.5-induced atherosclerosis is needed to better understand the involved mechanisms. In this review, we summarized epidemiology and animal studies of PM2.5-induced atherosclerosis. Vascular endothelial injury is a critical early predictor of atherosclerosis. The evidence of mechanisms of PM2.5-induced atherosclerosis supports effects on vascular function. Thus, we summarized the main mechanisms of PM2.5-triggered vascular endothelial injury, which mainly involved three aspects, including vascular endothelial permeability, vasomotor function and vascular reparative capacity. Then we reviewed the relationship between PM2.5-induced endothelial injury and atherosclerosis. PM2.5-induced endothelial injury associated with inflammation, pro-coagulation and lipid deposition. Although the evidence of PM2.5-induced atherosclerosis is undergoing continual refinement, the mechanisms of PM2.5-triggered atherosclerosis are still limited, especially indoor PM2.5. Subsequent efforts of researchers are needed to improve the understanding of PM2.5 and atherosclerosis. Preventing or avoiding PM2.5-induced endothelial damage may greatly reduce the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruihong Ning
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhou Du
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangyan Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Joe Werelagi Batibawa
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
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12
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Qi Z, Zhang Y, Chen ZF, Yang C, Song Y, Liao X, Li W, Tsang SY, Liu G, Cai Z. Chemical identity and cardiovascular toxicity of hydrophobic organic components in PM 2.5. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 201:110827. [PMID: 32535366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Numerous experimental and epidemiological studies have demonstrated that exposure to PM2.5 may result in pathogenesis of several major cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which can be attributed to the combined adverse effects induced by the complicated components of PM2.5. Organic materials, which are major components of PM2.5, contain thousands of chemicals, and most of them are environmental hazards. However, the contamination profile and contribution to overall toxicity of PM2.5-bound organic components (OCs) have not been thoroughly evaluated yet. Herein, we aim to provide an overview of the literature on PM2.5-bound hydrophobic OCs, with an emphasis on the chemical identity and reported impairments on the cardiovascular system, including the potential exposure routes and mechanisms. We first provide an update on the worldwide mass concentration and composition data of PM2.5, and then, review the contamination profile of PM2.5-bound hydrophobic OCs, including constitution, concentration, distribution, formation, source, and identification. In particular, the link between exposure to PM2.5-bound hydrophobic OCs and CVDs and its possible underlying mechanisms are discussed to evaluate the possible risks of PM2.5-bound hydrophobic OCs on the cardiovascular system and to provide suggestions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenghua Qi
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoliang Liao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Weiquan Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Suk Ying Tsang
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guoguang Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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13
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Tan Y, Wang Y, Zou Y, Zhou C, Yi Y, Ling Y, Liao F, Jiang Y, Peng X. LncRNA LOC101927514 regulates PM2.5-driven inflammation in human bronchial epithelial cells through binding p-STAT3 protein. Toxicol Lett 2020; 319:119-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Ambient fine particulate matter induce toxicity in lung epithelial-endothelial co-culture models. Toxicol Lett 2019; 301:133-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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15
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TMT-Based Quantitative Proteomics Analysis Reveals Airborne PM 2.5-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 16:ijerph16010098. [PMID: 30602677 PMCID: PMC6339163 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental studies have documented that long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) increases the risk of respiratory diseases. However, the details of the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to ambient PM2.5 (mean daily concentration ~64 µg/m³) for 12 weeks through a "real-world" airborne PM2.5 exposure system. We found that PM2.5 caused severe lung injury in mice as evidenced by histopathological examination. Then, tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling quantitative proteomic technology was performed to analyze protein expression profiling in the lungs from control and PM2.5-exposed mice. A total of 32 proteins were differentially expressed in PM2.5-exposed lungs versus the controls. Among these proteins, 24 and 8 proteins were up- and down-regulated, respectively. Gene ontology analysis indicated that PM2.5 exerts a toxic effect on lungs by affecting multiple biological processes, including oxidoreductase activity, receptor activity, and protein binding. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that extracellular matrix (ECM)⁻receptor interaction, phagosome, small cell lung cancer, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathways contribute to PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Taken together, these results provide a comprehensive proteomics analysis to further understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying PM2.5-elicited pulmonary disease.
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16
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Wang Y, Xiong L, Wu T, Zhang T, Kong L, Xue Y, Tang M. Analysis of differentially changed gene expression in EA.hy926 human endothelial cell after exposure of fine particulate matter on the basis of microarray profile. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 159:213-220. [PMID: 29753823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have illustrated that PM2.5 is closely related to cardiovascular disease (CVD), but underlying toxicological mechanisms are not yet clear. The main purpose of this study is to disclose the potential biological mechanisms responsible for PM2.5-dependent adverse cardiovascular outcomes through the appliance of genome-wide transcription microarray. From results, compared with the control group, there are 97 genes significantly altered in 2.5 μg/cm2 PM2.5 treated group and 440 differentially expressed genes in 10 μg/cm2 group. Of note, when 2.5 μg/cm2 and 10 μg/cm2 group were respectively compared with the control group, 46 significantly altered genes showed a consistent tendency in two treated groups, of which 31 genes were upregulated while 15 genes were meanwhile downregulated. Based on Gene Ontology (GO) annotation, altered genes are mainly gathered in functions of cellular processes and immune regulation. Pathway analysis indicated that TNF signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor (NLRs) signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway and gap junction are vital pathways involved in PM2.5-induced toxicity in EA.hy926. Moreover, results from RT-qPCR further corroborated that changed genes are implicated in oxidative stress, inflammation and metabolic disorder. In addition, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 pathway is the critical pathway which may serve as a target to prevent PM2.5-induced CVD. To sum up, our effort provides a fundamental data for further studies regarding mechanisms of PM2.5-induced cardiovascular toxicity on the basis of genome-wide screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Lilin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Department of Environmental Health, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China
| | - Tianshu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Lu Kong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Yuying Xue
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
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17
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Li T, Hu R, Chen Z, Li Q, Huang S, Zhu Z, Zhou LF. Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5): The culprit for chronic lung diseases in China. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2018; 4:176-186. [PMID: 30276364 PMCID: PMC6160608 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is a world public health problem. Particulate matter (PM), a mix of solid and liquid particles in the air, becomes an increasing concern in the social and economic development of China. For decades, epidemiological studies have confirmed the association between fine particle pollutants and respiratory diseases. It has been reported in different populations that increased Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations cause elevated susceptibility to respiratory diseases, including acute respiratory distress, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. This review will discuss the pathophysiology of PM2.5 in respiratory diseases, which are helpful for the prevention of air pollution and treatment of respiratory tract inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Zi Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.,Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Qiyuan Li
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Shouxiong Huang
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45249, USA
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Lin-Fu Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jiangsu Shengze Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215228, China
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18
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He X, Chen Y, Zhang C, Gong W, Zhang X, Nie S. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5) in Polluted Air Changes miRNA Profile Related to Cardiovascular Disease. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:5925-5934. [PMID: 30144390 PMCID: PMC6120165 DOI: 10.12659/msm.908106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) in air pollution is regarded as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVDs). Recently, it has become well accepted that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM2.5 impacts human CVDs. However, few studies have shown miRNAs affected by PAHs play a critical role in transcriptional regulation related to cardiovascular development and disease. Material/Methods Human umbilical cord vein cells (HUVECs) incubated prior to treatment with PAHs at various concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 μg/ml) of PAHs particle solutions were added to the culture medium for 24 h. We performed isolation and sequencing of small RNAs and analysis of small RNA sequences and differential expression. The M3RNA database was used to predict miRNA-miRNA interactions. Tools from the DAVID database were used to perform the GO functional analysis of predicted miRNA target genes. A First-Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit was used to synthesis cDNA. Results miRNA155 was revealed as a key regulator in PAHs treatment. The putative targets of upregulated miRNA in PAHs treatment indicated that the downregulated genes were enriched in biological pathways such as Wnt signaling and ErbB signaling, which are crucial for the development of vasculature. Conclusions In general, our results suggest that PAHs taken by PM2.5 can decrease cardiovascular-related gene expression through upregulating miRNA, which may be a new target for therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan He
- Emergency Citical Care Center, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan United Hospital Affiliated Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan United Hospital Affiliated Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Gong
- Emergency Citical Care Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xinyong Zhang
- Emergency Citical Care Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Shaoping Nie
- Emergency Citical Care Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
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19
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Zeng X, Liu J, Du X, Zhang J, Pan K, Shan W, Xie Y, Song W, Zhao J. The protective effects of selenium supplementation on ambient PM 2.5-induced cardiovascular injury in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:22153-22162. [PMID: 29804245 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2292-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Substantial epidemiological and experimental studies have shown that ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure can lead to myocardial damage in human and animal through the mechanism of inflammation and oxidative stress. The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether selenium yeast (SeY) supplementation could prevent cardiovascular injury caused by PM2.5 in rats. Fifty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven groups: saline control group; solvent control group, low-, middle-, and high-dose Se pretreatment groups, PM2.5 exposure group, and high-dose Se control group. The rats were pretreated with different concentration of dietary SeY for 28 days, then were exposed to PM2.5 by intratracheal instillation every other day, a total of three times. The levels of inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and oxidative responses-related indicators total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in blood and myocardium of the left ventricle. The results showed that although PM2.5 caused a decrease of T-AOC, T-AOD, and GSH-Px and increase of MDA and sICM-1, pretreatment with SeY induced a dose-dependent increase in these anti-oxidative indicators and a decrease in oxidative indicators. In addition, the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in Se pretreatment groups were significantly lower than that in PM2.5 exposure group. The results indicated that Se supplementation could effectively prevent cardiovascular inflammation and oxidative stress induced by PM2.5. The results also indicated that the nutritional supplementation might be an effective way to protecting people's health from air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Zeng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Box 249, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Minhang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 201101, China
| | - Xihao Du
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Box 249, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Box 249, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Kun Pan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Box 249, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Shan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuquan Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Weimin Song
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Box 249, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinzhuo Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Box 249, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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20
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Cho CC, Hsieh WY, Tsai CH, Chen CY, Chang HF, Lin CS. In Vitro and In Vivo Experimental Studies of PM 2.5 on Disease Progression. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1380. [PMID: 29966381 PMCID: PMC6068560 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution is a very critical issue worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Particulate matter (PM) is a type of air pollution that comprises a heterogeneous mixture of different particle sizes and chemical compositions. There are various sources of fine PM (PM2.5), and the components may also have different effects on people. The pathogenesis of PM2.5 in several diseases remains to be clarified. There is a long history of epidemiological research on PM2.5 in several diseases. Numerous studies show that PM2.5 can induce a variety of chronic diseases, such as respiratory system damage, cardiovascular dysfunction, and diabetes mellitus. However, the epidemiological evidence associated with potential mechanisms in the progression of diseases need to be proved precisely through in vitro and in vivo investigations. Suggested mechanisms of PM2.5 that lead to adverse effects and chronic diseases include increasing oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and genotoxicity. The aim of this review is to provide a brief overview of in vitro and in vivo experimental studies of PM2.5 in the progression of various diseases from the last decade. The summarized research results could provide clear information about the mechanisms and progression of PM2.5-induced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chang Cho
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 75 Boai Street, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Yeh Hsieh
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hsinchu Mackay Memorial Hospital, 690 Section 2, Guangfu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Hung Tsai
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 75 Boai Street, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, 699 Section 8, Taiwan Blvd., Taichung 435, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Yi Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 75 Boai Street, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hsinchu Mackay Memorial Hospital, 690 Section 2, Guangfu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Fang Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 75 Boai Street, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hsinchu Mackay Memorial Hospital, 690 Section 2, Guangfu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Sheng Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 75 Boai Street, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
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21
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Zhao R, Guo Z, Zhang R, Deng C, Xu J, Dong W, Hong Z, Yu H, Situ H, Liu C, Zhuang G. Nasal epithelial barrier disruption by particulate matter ≤2.5 μm via tight junction protein degradation. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 38:678-687. [PMID: 29235125 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Renwu Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology; Huadong Hospital, Fudan University; Shanghai 200040 China
| | - Zhiqiang Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology; Huadong Hospital, Fudan University; Shanghai 200040 China
| | - Ruxin Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology; Huadong Hospital, Fudan University; Shanghai 200040 China
| | - Congrui Deng
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Jian Xu
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Weiyang Dong
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Zhicong Hong
- Department of Otolaryngology; Huadong Hospital, Fudan University; Shanghai 200040 China
| | - Hongzhi Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology; Huadong Hospital, Fudan University; Shanghai 200040 China
| | - Huiru Situ
- Department of Otolaryngology; Huadong Hospital, Fudan University; Shanghai 200040 China
| | - Chunhui Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology; Huadong Hospital, Fudan University; Shanghai 200040 China
| | - Guoshun Zhuang
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
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Kelly FJ, Fussell JC. Role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease outcomes following exposure to ambient air pollution. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 110:345-367. [PMID: 28669628 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. These are manifested through several, likely overlapping, pathways including at the functional level, endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, pro-coagulation and alterations in autonomic nervous system balance and blood pressure. At numerous points within each of these pathways, there is potential for cellular oxidative imbalances to occur. The current review examines epidemiological, occupational and controlled exposure studies and research employing healthy and diseased animal models, isolated organs and cell cultures in assessing the importance of the pro-oxidant potential of air pollution in the development of cardiovascular disease outcomes. The collective body of data provides evidence that oxidative stress (OS) is not only central to eliciting specific cardiac endpoints, but is also implicated in modulating the risk of succumbing to cardiovascular disease, sensitivity to ischemia/reperfusion injury and the onset and progression of metabolic disease following ambient pollution exposure. To add to this large research effort conducted to date, further work is required to provide greater insight into areas such as (a) whether an oxidative imbalance triggers and/or worsens the effect and/or is representative of the consequence of disease progression, (b) OS pathways and cardiac outcomes caused by individual pollutants within air pollution mixtures, or as a consequence of inter-pollutant interactions and (c) potential protection provided by nutritional supplements and/or pharmacological agents with antioxidant properties, in susceptible populations residing in polluted urban cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J Kelly
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, Facility of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Julia C Fussell
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, Facility of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
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Jia YY, Wang Q, Liu T. Toxicity Research of PM 2.5 Compositions In Vitro. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14030232. [PMID: 28245639 PMCID: PMC5369068 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14030232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
According to the published literature, we surmise that particulate matter (PM) concentration, individually, may be less important than components in explaining health effects. PM2.5 (aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm) had similar cytotoxicity (e.g., cell viability reduction, oxidative damage, inflammatory effects and genetic toxicity) on different types of cells. The studies of cells are readily available for detailed mechanistic investigations, which is more appropriate for learning and comparing the mechanism caused by single or mixed ingredients coating a carbon core. No review exists that holistically examines the evidence from all components-based in vitro studies. We reviewed published studies that focus on the cytotoxicity of normal PM2.5. Those studies suggested that the toxicity of mixed compositions differs greatly from the single ingredients in mixed components and the target cells. The cytotoxic responses caused by PM2.5 components have not shown a consistent association with clear, specific health effects. The results may be beneficial for providing new targets for drugs for the treatment of PM2.5-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yang Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Te Liu
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China.
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Liu J, Yang Y, Zeng X, Bo L, Jiang S, Du X, Xie Y, Jiang R, Zhao J, Song W. Investigation of selenium pretreatment in the attenuation of lung injury in rats induced by fine particulate matters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:4008-4017. [PMID: 27921246 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is vital for health because of its antioxidative and anti-inflammation functions. The aim of this study was to determine if dietary selenium could inhibit the rat lung injury induced by ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated in seven groups (n = 8). The rats in PM2.5 exposure group were intratracheally instilled with 40 mg/kg of body weight (b.w.) of PM2.5 suspension. The rats in Se prevention groups were pretreated with 17.5, 35, or 70 μg/kg b.w. of Se for 4 weeks, respectively. Then, the rats were exposed to 40 mg/kg b.w. of PM2.5 in the fifth week. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected to count the neutrophil numbers and to analyze the cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1)) related to inflammation, the markers related to oxidative stress (total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA)), and the indicators related to cell damage (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total protein (TP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP)). The lung lobe that has not undergone bronchoalveolar lavage was processed for light microscopic examination. The results showed that the proportions of neutrophils in the BALF and the pathologic scores of the lung in PM2.5-exposed groups were higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Se pretreatment caused a dose-dependent decrease in TNF-α, IL-1β, sICAM-1, LDH, TP, AKP, and MDA when compared with the PM2.5-only exposure group. Meanwhile, the dose-dependent increase in T-AOC, T-SOD, and GSH-Px activities were observed in rats pretreated with Se. In conclusion, Se pretreatment may protect rat lungs against inflammation and oxidative stress induced by PM2.5, which suggests that Se plays an important role as a kind of potential preventative agent to inhibit the PM2.5-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Box 249, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Box 249, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xuejiao Zeng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Box 249, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Liang Bo
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Box 249, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shuo Jiang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Box 249, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xihao Du
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Box 249, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuquan Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Rongfang Jiang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Box 249, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinzhuo Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Box 249, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Weimin Song
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Box 249, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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25
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Comparative study of the effects of PM1-induced oxidative stress on autophagy and surfactant protein B and C expressions in lung alveolar type II epithelial MLE-12 cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2782-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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26
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Xiang P, Liu RY, Sun HJ, Han YH, He RW, Cui XY, Ma LQ. Molecular mechanisms of dust-induced toxicity in human corneal epithelial cells: Water and organic extract of office and house dust. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 92-93:348-356. [PMID: 27131017 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells are continually exposed to dust in the air, which may cause corneal epithelium damage. Both water and organic soluble contaminants in dust may contribute to cytotoxicity in HCE cells, however, the associated toxicity mechanisms are not fully elucidated. In this study, indoor dust from residential houses and commercial offices in Nanjing, China was collected and the effects of organic and water soluble fraction of dust on primary HCE cells were examined. The concentrations of heavy metals in the dust and dust extracts were determined by ICP-MS and PAHs by GC-MS, with office dust having greater concentrations of heavy metals and PAHs than house dust. Based on LC50, organic extract was more toxic than water extract, and office dust was more toxic than house dust. Accordingly, the organic extracts induced more ROS, malondialdehyde, and 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine and higher expression of inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8), and AhR inducible genes (CYP1A1, and CYP1B1) than water extracts (p<0.05). Extracts of office dust presented greater suppression of superoxide dismutase and catalase activity than those of house dust. In addition, exposure to dust extracts activated NF-κB signal pathway except water extract of house dust. The results suggested that both water and organic soluble fractions of dust caused cytotoxicity, oxidative damage, inflammatory response, and activation of AhR inducible genes, with organic extracts having higher potential to induce adverse effects on primary HCE cells. The results based on primary HCE cells demonstrated the importance of reducing contaminants in indoor dust to reduce their adverse impacts on human eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-He Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Wen He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Lena Q Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China; Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
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27
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Guan L, Rui W, Bai R, Zhang W, Zhang F, Ding W. Effects of Size-Fractionated Particulate Matter on Cellular Oxidant Radical Generation in Human Bronchial Epithelial BEAS-2B Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13050483. [PMID: 27171105 PMCID: PMC4881108 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13050483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of size-fractionated (i.e., <1; 1-2.5, and 2.5-10 µm in an aerodynamic diameter) ambient particulate matter (PM) on reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity and cell viability in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). The PM samples were collected from an urban site (uPM) in Beijing and a steel factory site (sPM) in Anshan, China, from March 2013 to December 2014. Metal elements, organic and elemental carbon, and water-soluble inorganic ions in the uPM and sPM were analyzed. The cell viability and ROS generation in PM-exposed BEAS-2B cells were measured by MTS and DCFH-DA. The results showed that both uPM and sPM caused a decrease in the cell viability and an increase in ROS generation. The level of ROS measured in sPM1.0 was approximately triple that in uPM1.0. The results of correlation analysis showed that the ROS activity and cytotoxicity were related to different PM composition. Moreover, deferoxamine (DFO) significantly prevented the increase of ROS generation and the decrease of cell viability. Taken together, our results suggest that the metals absorbed on PM induced oxidant radical generation in BEAS-2B cells that could lead to impairment of pulmonary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Guan
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Wei Rui
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ru Bai
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Fang Zhang
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Wenjun Ding
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Hu H, Wu J, Li Q, Asweto C, Feng L, Yang X, Duan F, Duan J, Sun Z. Fine particulate matter induces vascular endothelial activation via IL-6 dependent JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:946-953. [PMID: 30090403 PMCID: PMC6062355 DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00351b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to PM2.5 has been strongly linked to endothelial dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanism of PM2.5 on the vascular endothelial function is poorly understood. This study examined the toxic effect and underlying mechanism of PM2.5 on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Decreased cell viability and increased LDH activity were observed in the PM2.5-treated HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. The production of ROS, MDA, and the inhibition of SOD activity were also triggered by PM2.5 in HUVECs. In addition, PM2.5 increased the intracellular levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-a, IL-1β, IL-8 and CRP), cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) and tissue factor (TF), resulted in endothelial activation. For an in-depth study, the protein levels of IL-6, JAK1 and STAT3 were up-regulated significantly, while the expression of JAK2 and SOCS1 were down-regulated gradually in PM2.5-treated HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. These results show that PM2.5 triggered endothelial activation via upregulation of the IL-6 dependent JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway. This will provide new insights into the toxic effects and mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases triggered by ambient air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejing Hu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry , School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911868, +86 010 83911507
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry , School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911868, +86 010 83911507
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Qiuling Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry , School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911868, +86 010 83911507
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Collins Asweto
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry , School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911868, +86 010 83911507
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Lin Feng
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry , School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911868, +86 010 83911507
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhe Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry , School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911868, +86 010 83911507
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Fengkui Duan
- School of Environment , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P.R. China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry , School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911868, +86 010 83911507
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry , School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911868, +86 010 83911507
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China
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29
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Chen IC, Huang HH, Chen PF, Chiang HC. Sirtuin 3 Protects against Urban Particulate Matter-Induced Autophagy in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Toxicol Sci 2016; 152:113-27. [PMID: 27125970 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Urban particulate matter (urban PM) is a heterogeneous mixture of various types of particles originating from different sources. Exposure to high concentrations of urban PM leading to adverse health effects is evaluated by using in vitro cultures of human lung epithelial cells. However, the mechanism underlying the correlation between high concentrations of urban PM exposure and adverse health effects has not been fully elucidated; urban PM-induced oxidative stress is considered as an important mechanism of urban PM-mediated cytotoxicity. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), a primary mitrochondrial deacetylase, controls cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and expression of antioxidant enzymes. In this study, we examined the role of SIRT3 in the regulation of urban PM-induced oxidative stress in normal primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpiCs). Cell viability showed a time- and concentration-dependent decrease when exposed to urban PM, which could indicate that the amount of lactate dehydrogenase released from the cell in response to urban PM is related to cell viability in HBEpiC. The effects of urban PM on morphological and biochemical markers of autophagy in HBEpiC were analyzed by electron microscopy and Western blotting. Overexpression of SIRT3 inhibited urban PM-induced ROS generation, while concomitantly increasing the expression of antioxidant enzymes, and decreasing NF-κB activation and release of inflammation factors. Up-regulation of SIRT3 significantly inhibited the expression of autophagy markers and autophagic vacuole formation. Our findings provide a valuable insight into the potential role of the SIRT3 enzyme in regulating urban PM-induced autophagy by mediating urban PM-induced oxidative stress, which may contribute to urban PM-induced impairment of airway epithelial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chieh Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hsiu Huang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Fen Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Che Chiang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan Department of Occupational Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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30
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Wang F, Jia X, Wang X, Zhao Y, Hao W. Particulate matter and atherosclerosis: a bibliometric analysis of original research articles published in 1973-2014. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:348. [PMID: 27093947 PMCID: PMC4837518 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3015-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological and experimental studies have suggested that exposure to particulate air pollution may promote progression of atherosclerosis. Methods In the present study, the characteristics and trends of the research field of particulate matter (PM) and atherosclerosis were analyzed using bibliometric indicators. Bibliometric analysis was based on original papers obtained from PubMed/MEDLINE search results (from 1973 to 2014) using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms. A fully-detailed search strategy was employed, and articles were imported into the Thomson Data Analyzer (TDA) software. Results The visualizing network of the collaborative researchers was analyzed by Ucinet 6 software. Main research topics and future focuses were explored by co-word and cluster analysis. The characteristics of these research articles were summarized. The number of published articles has increased from five for the period 1973–1978 to 89 for the period 2009–2014. Tobacco smoke pollution, smoke and air PM were the most studied targets in this research field. Coronary disease was the top health outcome posed by PM exposure. The aorta and endothelium vascular were the principal locations of atherosclerotic lesions, which were enhanced by PM exposure. Oxidative stress and inflammation were of special concern in the current mechanistic research system. The top high-frequency MeSH terms were clustered, and four popular topics were further presented. Conclusion Based on the quantitative analysis of bibliographic information and MeSH terms, we were able to define the study characteristics and popular topics in the field of PM and atherosclerosis. Our analysis would provide a comprehensive background reference for researchers in this field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.,State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jia
- Institute of Medical Information & Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xianliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yongdong Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, Baotou Medical College of Public Health, Baotou, 014040, China
| | - Weidong Hao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Zhao Q, Chen H, Yang T, Rui W, Liu F, Zhang F, Zhao Y, Ding W. Direct effects of airborne PM2.5 exposure on macrophage polarizations. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2835-43. [PMID: 27041089 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure of atmospheric particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5μm (PM2.5) is epidemiologically associated with illnesses. Potential effects of air pollutants on innate immunity have raised concerns. As the first defense line, macrophages are able to induce inflammatory response. However, whether PM2.5 exposure affects macrophage polarizations remains unclear. METHODS We used freshly isolated macrophages as a model system to demonstrate effects of PM2.5 on macrophage polarizations. The expressions of cytokines and key molecular markers were detected by real-time PCR, and flow cytometry. The specific inhibitors and gene deletion technologies were used to address the molecular mechanisms. RESULTS PM2.5 increased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). PM2.5 also enhanced the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced M1 polarization even though there was no evidence in the change of cell viability. However, PM2.5 significantly decreased the number of mitochondria in a dose dependent manner. Pre-treatment with NAC, a scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), prevented the increase of ROS and rescued the PM2.5-impacted M1 but not M2 response. However, mTOR deletion partially rescued the effects of PM2.5 to reduce M2 polarization. CONCLUSIONS PM2.5 exposure significantly enhanced inflammatory M1 polarization through ROS pathway, whereas PM2.5 exposure inhibited anti-inflammatory M2 polarization through mTOR-dependent pathway. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The present studies suggested that short-term exposure of PM2.5 acts on the balance of inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarizations, which may be involved in air pollution-induced immune disorders and diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Air Pollution, edited by Wenjun Ding, Andrew J. Ghio and Weidong Wu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjie Zhao
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Rui
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Wenjun Ding
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Wan C, Han R, Liu L, Zhang F, Li F, Xiang M, Ding W. Role of miR-155 in fluorooctane sulfonate-induced oxidative hepatic damage via the Nrf2-dependent pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 295:85-93. [PMID: 26844784 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Studies demonstrated that perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) tends to accumulate in the liver and is capable to cause hepatomegaly. In the present study, we investigated the roles of miR-155 in PFOS-induced hepatotoxicity in SD rats and HepG2 cells. Male SD rats were orally administrated with PFOS at 1 or 10mg/kg/day for 28 days while HepG2 cells were treated with 0-50 μM of PFOS for 24h or 50 μM of PFOS for 1, 3, 6, 12 or 24h, respectively. We found that PFOS significantly increased the liver weight and serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) levels in rats. Morphologically, PFOS caused actin filament remodeling and endothelial permeability changes in the liver. Moreover, PFOS triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and induced apoptosis in both in vivo and in vitro assays. Immunoblotting data showed that NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) expression and activation and its target genes were all suppressed by PFOS in the liver and HepG2 cells. However, PFOS significantly increased miR-155 expression. Further studies showed that pretreatment of HepG2 cells with catalase significantly decreased miR-155 expression and substantially increased Nrf2 expression and activation, resulting in reduction of PFOS-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. Taken together, these results indicated that miR-155 plays an important role in the PFOS-induced hepatotoxicity by disrupting Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wan
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Han
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Limin Liu
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Fang Li
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingdeng Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wenjun Ding
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
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Rui W, Guan L, Zhang F, Zhang W, Ding W. PM2.5-induced oxidative stress increases adhesion molecules expression in human endothelial cells through the ERK/AKT/NF-κB-dependent pathway. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 36:48-59. [PMID: 25876056 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the intracellular mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular toxicity of air particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) in a human umbilical vein cell line, EA.hy926. We found that PM2.5 exposure triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, resulting in a significant decrease in cell viability. Data from Western blots showed that PM2.5 induced phosphorylation of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal regulatory kinase (ERK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and protein kinase B (AKT), and activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). We further observed a significant increase in expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the adhesion of monocytic THP-1 cells to EA.hy926 cells was greatly enhanced in the presence of PM2.5 . However, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a scavenger of ROS, prevented the increase of ROS generation, attenuated the phosphorylation of the above kinases, and decreased the NF-κB activation as well as the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Furthermore, ERK inhibitor (U0126), AKT inhibitor (LY294002) and NF-κB inhibitor (BAY11-7082) significantly down-regulated PM2.5 -induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression as well as adhesion of THP-1 cells, but not JNK inhibitor (SP600125) and p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580), indicating that ERK/AKT/NF-κB is involved in the signaling pathway that leads to PM2.5 -induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression. These findings suggest PM2.5 -induced ROS may function as signaling molecules triggering ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expressions through activating the ERK/AKT/NF-κB-dependent pathway, and further promoting monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Rui
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Longfei Guan
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenjun Ding
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
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Chemical characterization of outdoor and subway fine (PM(2.5-1.0)) and coarse (PM(10-2.5)) particulate matter in Seoul (Korea) by computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy (CCSEM). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:2090-104. [PMID: 25689348 PMCID: PMC4344713 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120202090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Outdoor and indoor (subway) samples were collected by passive sampling in urban Seoul (Korea) and analyzed with computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (CCSEM-EDX). Soil/road dust particles accounted for 42%–60% (by weight) of fine particulate matter larger than 1 µm (PM2.5–1.0) in outdoor samples and 18% of PM2.5–1.0 in subway samples. Iron-containing particles accounted for only 3%–6% in outdoor samples but 69% in subway samples. Qualitatively similar results were found for coarse particulate matter (PM10–2.5) with soil/road dust particles dominating outdoor samples (66%–83%) and iron-containing particles contributing most to subway PM10–2.5 (44%). As expected, soil/road dust particles comprised a greater mass fraction of PM10–2.5 than PM2.5–1.0. Also as expected, the mass fraction of iron-containing particles was substantially less in PM10–2.5 than in PM2.5–1.0. Results of this study are consistent with known emission sources in the area and with previous studies, which showed high concentrations of iron-containing particles in the subway compared to outdoor sites. Thus, passive sampling with CCSEM-EDX offers an inexpensive means to assess PM2.5–1.0 and PM10-2.5 simultaneously and by composition at multiple locations.
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Sun YN, Liu LB, Xue YX, Wang P. Effects of insulin combined with idebenone on blood-brain barrier permeability in diabetic rats. J Neurosci Res 2014; 93:666-77. [PMID: 25421718 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of insulin combined with idebenone on blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability in experimental streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats as well as the underlying mechanisms. With a diabetic rat model, we show that insulin and idebenone normalize body weight and water intake and restore BBB permeability and that their combination displays a synergistic effect. The results from transmission electron microscopy show that the combination of insulin and idebenone significantly closed the tight junction (TJ) in diabetic rats. The results from Western blotting in diabetic rats show that the upregulation of TJ-associated proteins occludin, and zonula occludens (ZO)-1 caused by the combination of insulin and idebenone is more remarkable than that with either agent alone. In addition, the activations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and the expression levels of receptors for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were significantly decreased after treatment with insulin and idebenone in diabetic rats. These results suggest that the combination of insulin and idebenone could decrease the BBB permeability in diabetic rats by upregulating the expression of occludin, claudin-5, and ZO-1 and that the ROS/AGE/RAGE/NF-κB signal pathway might be involved in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Na Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, and Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Strasky Z, Zemankova L, Nemeckova I, Rathouska J, Wong RJ, Muchova L, Subhanova I, Vanikova J, Vanova K, Vitek L, Nachtigal P. Spirulina platensis and phycocyanobilin activate atheroprotective heme oxygenase-1: a possible implication for atherogenesis. Food Funct 2014; 4:1586-94. [PMID: 24056745 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60230c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Spirulina platensis, a water blue-green alga, has been associated with potent biological effects, which might have important relevance in atheroprotection. We investigated whether S. platensis or phycocyanobilin (PCB), its tetrapyrrolic chromophore, can activate atheroprotective heme oxygenase-1 (Hmox1), a key enzyme in the heme catabolic pathway responsible for generation of a potent antioxidant bilirubin, in endothelial cells and in a mouse model of atherosclerosis. In vitro experiments were performed on EA.hy926 endothelial cells exposed to extracts of S. platensis or PCB. In vivo studies were performed on ApoE-deficient mice fed a cholesterol diet and S. platensis. The effect of these treatments on Hmox1, as well as other markers of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, was then investigated. Both S. platensis and PCB markedly upregulated Hmox1 in vitro, and a substantial overexpression of Hmox1 was found in aortic atherosclerotic lesions of ApoE-deficient mice fed S. platensis. In addition, S. platensis treatment led to a significant increase in Hmox1 promoter activity in the spleens of Hmox-luc transgenic mice. Furthermore, both S. platensis and PCB were able to modulate important markers of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, such as eNOS, p22 NADPH oxidase subunit, and/or VCAM-1. Both S. platensis and PCB activate atheroprotective HMOX1 in endothelial cells and S. platensis increased the expression of Hmox1 in aortic atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE-deficient mice, and also in Hmox-luc transgenic mice beyond the lipid lowering effect. Therefore, activation of HMOX1 and the heme catabolic pathway may represent an important mechanism of this food supplement for the reduction of atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbynek Strasky
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Leiva G MA, Santibañez DA, Ibarra E S, Matus C P, Seguel R. A five-year study of particulate matter (PM2.5) and cerebrovascular diseases. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 181:1-6. [PMID: 23796845 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular accidents, or strokes, are the second leading cause of mortality and the leading cause of morbidity in both Chile and the rest of the world. However, the relationship between particulate matter pollution and strokes is not well characterized. The association between fine particle concentration and stroke admissions was studied. Data on hospital admissions due to cerebrovascular accidents were collected from the Ministry of Health. Air quality and meteorological data were taken from the Air Quality database of the Santiago Metropolitan Area. Santiago reported 33,624 stroke admissions between January 1, 2002 and December 30, 2006. PM2.5 concentration was markedly seasonal, increasing during the winter. This study found an association between PM2.5 exposure and hospital admissions for stroke; for every PM2.5 concentration increase of 10 μg m(-3), the risk of emergency hospital admissions for cerebrovascular causes increased by 1.29% (95% CI 0.552%-2.03%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A Leiva G
- Centro de Ciencias Ambientales and Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile.
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Klein SG, Serchi T, Hoffmann L, Blömeke B, Gutleb AC. An improved 3D tetraculture system mimicking the cellular organisation at the alveolar barrier to study the potential toxic effects of particles on the lung. Part Fibre Toxicol 2013; 10:31. [PMID: 23890538 PMCID: PMC3733942 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-10-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to fine and ultra-fine ambient particles is still a problem of concern in many industrialised parts of the world and the intensified use of nanotechnology may further increase exposure to small particles. Complex in vitro coculture systems may be valuable tools to study particle-induced processes and to extrapolate effects of particles on the lung. A system consisting of four different human cell lines which mimics the cell response of the alveolar surface in vitro was developed to study native aerosol exposure (Vitrocell™ chamber). The system is composed of an alveolar type-II cell line (A549), differentiated macrophage-like cells (THP-1), mast cells (HMC-1) and endothelial cells (EA.hy 926), seeded in a 3D-orientation on a microporous membrane. Results The spatial distribution of the cells in the tetraculture was analysed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), showing a confluent layer of endothelial and epithelial cells on both sides of the transwell. Macrophage-like cells and mast cells can be found on top of the epithelial cells. The cells formed colonies under submerged conditions, which disappeared at the ALI. To evaluate the response to oxidative stress, the dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay was used together with 2,2’-azobis-2-methyl-propanimidamide-dihydrochloride (AAPH) as inducer of oxidative stress. The tetraculture showed less induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production after being treated with a positive control compared to the monocultures of EA.hy 926, THP-1 and HMC-1. Submerged cultures showed elevated ROS and IL-8 levels compared to ALI cultures. The Vitrocell™ aerosol exposure system was not significantly influencing the viability. Using this system, cells were exposed to an aerosol of 50 nm SiO2-Rhodamine NPs in PBS. The distribution of the NPs in the tetraculture after exposure was evaluated by CLSM. Fluorescence from internalized particles was detected in CD11b-positive THP-1 cells only. Conclusion The system can be used in conjunction with a native aerosol exposure system and may finally lead to a more realistic judgement regarding the hazard of new compounds and/or new nano-scaled materials in the future. The results for the ROS production and IL-8 secretion suggest that submerged exposure may lead to an overestimation of observed effects.
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Deng X, Zhang F, Rui W, Long F, Wang L, Feng Z, Chen D, Ding W. PM2.5-induced oxidative stress triggers autophagy in human lung epithelial A549 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:1762-70. [PMID: 23685237 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to higher levels of air pollution particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) links with an increased risk of cardiovascular and respiratory deaths and hospital admission as well as lung cancer. Although the mechanism underlying the correlation between PM2.5 exposure and adverse effects has not fully elucidated, PM2.5-induced oxidative stress has been considered as an important molecular mechanism of PM2.5-mediated toxicity. In this work, human lung epithelial A549 cells were used to further investigate the biological effects of PM2.5 on autophagy. The cell viability showed both time- and concentration-dependent decrease when exposure to PM2.5, which can be attributed to increase of the levels of extracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in A549 cells. Moreover, PM2.5-induced oxidative damage in A549 cells was observed through the alteration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities compared to the unexposed control cells. PM2.5-induced autophagy was indicated by an increase in microtubule-associated protein light chain-3 (LC3) puncta, and accumulation of LC3 in both time- and concentration-dependent manner. PM2.5-induced mRNA expression of autophagy-related protein Atg5 and Beclin1 was also observed compared with those of the unexposed control cells. These results suggest the possibility that PM2.5-induced oxidative stress probably plays a key role in autophagy in A549 cells, which may contribute to PM2.5-induced impairment of pulmonary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobei Deng
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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Ault AP, Peters TM, Sawvel EJ, Casuccio GS, Willis RD, Norris GA, Grassian VH. Single-particle SEM-EDX analysis of iron-containing coarse particulate matter in an urban environment: sources and distribution of iron within Cleveland, Ohio. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:4331-4339. [PMID: 22435663 DOI: 10.1021/es204006k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The physicochemical properties of coarse-mode, iron-containing particles and their temporal and spatial distributions are poorly understood. Single-particle analysis combining X-ray elemental mapping and computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy (CCSEM-EDX) of passively collected particles was used to investigate the physicochemical properties of iron-containing particles in Cleveland, OH, in summer 2008 (Aug-Sept), summer 2009 (July-Aug), and winter 2010 (Feb-March). The most abundant classes of iron-containing particles were iron oxide fly ash, mineral dust, NaCl-containing agglomerates (likely from road salt), and Ca-S containing agglomerates (likely from slag, a byproduct of steel production, or gypsum in road salt). The mass concentrations of anthropogenic fly ash particles were highest in the Flats region (downtown) and decreased with distance away from this region. The concentrations of fly ash in the Flats region were consistent with interannual changes in steel production. These particles were observed to be highly spherical in the Flats region, but less so after transport away from downtown. This change in morphology may be attributed to atmospheric processing. Overall, this work demonstrates that the method of passive collection with single-particle analysis by electron microscopy is a powerful tool to study spatial and temporal gradients in components of coarse particles. These gradients may correlate with human health effects associated with exposure to coarse-mode particulate matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Ault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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Reche C, Moreno T, Amato F, Viana M, van Drooge BL, Chuang HC, Bérubé K, Jones T, Alastuey A, Querol X. A multidisciplinary approach to characterise exposure risk and toxicological effects of PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ samples in urban environments. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 78:327-335. [PMID: 22177483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Urban aerosol samples collected in Barcelona between 2008 and 2009 were toxicologically characterised by means of two complementary methodologies allowing evaluation of their Reactive Oxidative Stress (ROS)-generating capacity: the plasmid scission assay (PSA) and the dichlorodihydrofluorescin assay (DCFH). The PSA determined the PM dose able to damage 50% of a plasmid DNA molecule (TD(50) values), an indication of the ability of the sample to exert potential oxidative stress, most likely by formation of ·OH. This toxicity indicator did not show dependency on different air mass origins (African dust, Atlantic advection), indicating that local pollutant sources within or near the city are most likely to be mainly responsible for PM health effect variations. The average TD(50) values show PM(2.5-0.1) samples to be more toxic than the PM(10-2.5) fraction, with doses similar to those reported in previous studies in polluted urban areas. In addition, the samples were also evaluated using the oxidant-sensitive probe DCFH confirming the positive association between the amount of DNA damage and the generation of reactive oxidant species capable of inducing DNA strand break. Results provided by the PSA were compared with those from two other different methodologies to evaluate human health risk: (1) the toxicity of particulate PAHs expressed as the calculated toxicity equivalent of benzo[a]pyrene (BaPteq) after application of the EPA toxicity factors, and (2) the cancer risk assessment of the different PM sources detected in Barcelona with the receptor model Positive Matrix Factorisation (PMF) and the computer programme Multilinear Engine 2 (ME-2) using the organic and inorganic chemical compositions of particles. No positive associations were found between PSA and the toxicity of PAHs, probably due to the inefficiency of water in extracting organic compounds. On the other hand, the sum of cancer risk estimates calculated for each of the selected days for the PSA was found to correlate with TD(50) values in the fine fraction, with fuel oil combustion and industrial emissions therefore being most implicated in negative health effects. Further studies are necessary to determine whether toxicity is related to PM chemical composition and sources, or rather to its size distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Reche
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
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Topinka J, Rossner P, Milcova A, Schmuczerova J, Svecova V, Sram RJ. DNA adducts and oxidative DNA damage induced by organic extracts from PM2.5 in an acellular assay. Toxicol Lett 2011; 202:186-92. [PMID: 21329747 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The genotoxic activities of complex mixtures of organic extracts from the urban air particles collected in various localities of the Czech Republic, which differed in the extent and sources of air pollution, were compared. For this purpose, PM2.5 particles were collected by high volume samplers in the most polluted area of the Czech Republic--Ostrava region (localities Bartovice, Poruba and Karvina) and in the locality exhibiting a low level of air pollution--Trebon--a small town in the non-industrial region of Southern Bohemia. To prepare extractable organic matter (EOM), PM2.5 particles were extracted by dichloromethane and c-PAHs contents in the EOMs were determined. As markers of genotoxic potential, DNA adduct levels and oxidative DNA damage (8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine, 8-oxodG, levels) induced by EOMs in an acellular assay of calf thymus DNA coupled with ³²P-postlabeling (DNA adducts) and ELISA (8-oxodG) in the presence and absence of microsomal S9 fraction were employed. Twofold higher DNA adduct levels (17.20 adducts/10⁸ nucleotides/m³ vs. 8.49 adducts/10⁸ nucleotides/m³) were induced by EOM from Ostrava-Bartovice (immediate proximity of heavy industry) compared with that from Ostrava-Poruba (mostly traffic emissions). Oxidative DNA damage induced by EOM from Ostrava-Bartovice was more than fourfold higher than damage induced by EOM from Trebon (8-oxodG/10⁸ dG/m³: 0.131 vs. 0.030 for Ostrava-Bartovice vs. Trebon, respectively). Since PM2.5 particles collected in various localities differ with respect to their c-PAHs content, and c-PAHs significantly contribute to genotoxicity (DNA adduct levels), we suggest that monitoring of PM2.5 levels is not a sufficient basis to assess genotoxicity of respirable aerosols. It seems likely that the industrial emissions prevailing in Ostrava-Bartovice represent a substantially higher genotoxic risk than mostly traffic-related emissions in Ostrava-Poruba. B[a]P and c-PAH contents in EOMs are the most important factors relating to their genotoxic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Topinka
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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