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Rahman ANA, Mahboub HH, Elshopakey GE, Darwish MIM, Gharib HSAR, Shaalan M, Fahmy EM, Abdel-Ghany HM, Ismail SH, Elsheshtawy HM. Pseudomonas putida infection induces immune-antioxidant, hepato-renal, ethological, and histopathological/immunohistochemical disruptions in Oreochromis niloticus: the palliative role of titanium dioxide nanogel. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:127. [PMID: 38561720 PMCID: PMC10983678 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas putida is a pathogenic bacterium that induces great losses in fishes, including Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Currently, the application of nanomaterials in aquaculture practices has gained more success as it endows promising results in therapies compared to traditional protocols. OBJECTIVE Therefore, the current perspective is considered the first report to assess the anti-bacterial efficacy of titanium dioxide nanogel (TDNG) against Pseudomonas putida (P. putida) in Nile tilapia. METHODS The fish (n = 200; average body weight: 47.50±1.32 g) were allocated into four random groups (control, TDNG, P. putida, and TDNG + P. putida), where 0.9 mg/L of TDNG was applied as bath treatment for ten days. RESULTS Outcomes revealed that P. putida infection caused ethological alterations (surfacing, abnormal movement, and aggression) and depression of immune-antioxidant variables (complement 3, lysozyme activity, total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and reduced glutathione content). Additionally, a substantial elevation in hepatorenal biomarkers (aspartate and alanine aminotransferases and creatinine) with clear histopathological changes and immuno-histochemical alterations (very weak BCL-2 and potent caspase-3 immuno-expressions) were seen. Surprisingly, treating P. putida-infected fish with TDNG improved these variables and obvious restoration of the tissue architectures. CONCLUSION Overall, this report encompasses the key role of TDNG as an anti-bacterial agent for controlling P. putida infection and improving the health status of Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf N Abdel Rahman
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.
| | - Heba H Mahboub
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.
| | - Gehad E Elshopakey
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, PO Box 35516, Mansoura, Dakahlia, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud I M Darwish
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, PO Box 44511, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Heba Said Abdel-Rahman Gharib
- Department of Behaviour and Management of Animal, Poultry, and Aquatics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Shaalan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, PO Box 12211, Giza, Egypt.
- Polymer Institute, Slovak academy of sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Esraa M Fahmy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Heba M Abdel-Ghany
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Sameh H Ismail
- Faculty of Nanotechnology for Postgraduate Studies, Cairo University, Sheikh Zayed Branch Campus, PO Box 12588, Sheikh Zayed City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hassnaa Mahmoud Elsheshtawy
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, PO Box 41522, Ismailia, Egypt
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Wang Y, Tsai CH, Chu TS, Hung YT, Lee MY, Chen HH, Chen LT, Ger TR, Wang YH, Chiang NJ, Liao LD. Revisiting the cerebral hemodynamics of awake, freely moving rats with repeated ketamine self-administration using a miniature photoacoustic imaging system. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:045003. [PMID: 36338453 PMCID: PMC9623815 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.4.045003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Revealing the dynamic associations between brain functions and behaviors is a significant challenge in neurotechnology, especially for awake subjects. Imaging cerebral hemodynamics in awake animal models is important because the collected data more realistically reflect human disease states. AIM We previously reported a miniature head-mounted scanning photoacoustic imaging (hmPAI) system. In the present study, we utilized this system to investigate the effects of ketamine on the cerebral hemodynamics of normal rats and rats subjected to prolonged ketamine self-administration. APPROACH The cortical superior sagittal sinus (SSS) was continuously monitored. The full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the photoacoustic (PA) A-line signal was used as an indicator of the SSS diameter, and the number of pixels in PA B-scan images was used to investigate changes in the cerebral blood volume (CBV). RESULTS We observed a significantly higher FWHM (blood vessel diameter) and CBV in normal rats injected with ketamine than in normal rats injected with saline. For rats subjected to prolonged ketamine self-administration, no significant changes in either the blood vessel diameter or CBV were observed. CONCLUSIONS The lack of significant change in prolonged ketamine-exposed rats was potentially due to an increased ketamine tolerance. Our device can reliably detect changes in the dilation of cortical blood vessels and the CBV. This study validates the utility of the developed hmPAI system in an awake, freely moving rat model for behavioral, cognitive, and preclinical cerebral disease studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhling Wang
- National Health Research Institutes, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Tsai
- National Health Research Institutes, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Sheng Chu
- National Health Research Institutes, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Chung Yuan Christian University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ting Hung
- National Health Research Institutes, Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yi Lee
- National Health Research Institutes, Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Hwei-Hsien Chen
- National Health Research Institutes, Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- National Health Research Institutes, National Institute of Cancer Research, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Rong Ger
- Chung Yuan Christian University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsuan Wang
- National Health Research Institutes, National Institute of Cancer Research, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Jung Chiang
- National Health Research Institutes, National Institute of Cancer Research, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Department of Oncology, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Lun-De Liao
- National Health Research Institutes, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan
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3
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Liu YL, Bavato F, Chung AN, Liu TH, Chen YL, Huang MC, Quednow BB. Neurofilament light chain as novel blood biomarker of disturbed neuroaxonal integrity in patients with ketamine dependence. World J Biol Psychiatry 2021; 22:713-721. [PMID: 33783299 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2021.1907709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic and heavy ketamine use has been associated with persistent neurocognitive impairment and structural brain abnormalities. Blood levels of neurofilament light chain (NFL) was recently proposed as a measure of axonal integrity in several neuropsychiatric disorders. We aimed to characterise the axonal neurotoxicity of chronic ketamine use and its relationship to relevant clinical outcomes. METHODS We enrolled 65 treatment-seeking ketamine-dependent patients (55 males and 10 females) and 60 healthy controls (51 males and 9 females). Blood NFL levels measured by single molecule array (SiMoA) immunoassay. We compared NFL levels between groups and used regression analyses to identify clinical variables related to NFL levels. RESULTS Ketamine-dependent patients had significantly higher NFL levels compared to controls (p < 0.001). A multivariate regression showed that age (p < 0.05) and lifetime history of major depressive disorder (MDD) (p < 0.01) predicted high NFL blood levels in patients. Subsequent group comparisons showed that specifically ketamine-dependent patients with a lifetime history of MDD had significantly increased NFL levels than those without (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest substantial neuroaxonal alterations following chronic and heavy ketamine use. The pronounced increase of NFL levels in the MDD subgroup warrants further investigation of a potential neuroaxonal vulnerability of depressed patients to ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Li Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Francesco Bavato
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - An-Nie Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hsia Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lung Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chyi Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Boris B Quednow
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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Saddick SY. Effect of Nandrolone decanoate induced-oxidative stress on rat testes, prostate, and seminal vesicle: Biochemical, morphometric and histopathological studies. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:196-203. [PMID: 33424297 PMCID: PMC7783662 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nandrolone decanoate (Nd) is a highly abused androgenic-anabolic steroid among body builders. Even though it has weak androgenic effects, its prolonged use may have harmful impact on male reproductive system which needs to be evaluated. This study aimed to reinvestigate its possible oxidative stress induced alteration on male rat reproductive system. Twenty-eight male rats were divided into two groups. Nd treated group (n = 18) injected intramuscular with 10 mg/kg body weight once a week for four weeks. While, the control group (n = 10) was injected with physiologic saline by the same route for four weeks. Body weight was recorded for all rats and after animal dissection weight of testes, prostate and seminal vesicles were also recorded. The results showed that the average testicular weight was decreased in treated group compared to the control. The average weights of the prostate and seminal vesicles were increased compared to the control. Morphometric study revealed that in Nd treated group, there was a decrease in the width of seminiferous tubules and the height of spermatogenic cell layer compared to the control. Testicular degeneration was expressed by presence of spermatid giant cells, vacuolation, and degenerated spermatozoa. Tunnel technique showed scattered positive reaction among the spermatogenic cell layers and interstitial cells. Severe alterations of the prostate were expressed by benign prostate hyperplasia and retained secretions. Lipid peroxidation products (malonaldehyde concentration as ng/g of testicular tissue) were increased in treated group compared to the control and suggested the occurrence of oxidative damage. Nd induced severe alterations in the male genital organs were resulted from oxidative stress. It is concluded that the male genital organs are highly sensitive to the anabolic steroids and there is a high extent of reproductive risk associated with the use of AASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salina Y Saddick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Hung CC, Liu YH, Huang CC, Chou CY, Chen CM, Duann JR, Li CSR, Lee TSH, Lin CP. Effects of early ketamine exposure on cerebral gray matter volume and functional connectivity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15488. [PMID: 32968108 PMCID: PMC7512006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72320-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ketamine has been used for medical purposes, most typically as an anesthetic, and recent studies support its use in the treatment of depression. However, ketamine tends to be abused by adolescents and young adults. In the current study, we examined the effects of early ketamine exposure on brain structure and function. We employed MRI to assess the effects of ketamine abuse on cerebral gray matter volume (GMV) and functional connectivity (FC) in 34 users and 19 non-users, employing covariates. Ketamine users were categorized as adolescent-onset and adult-onset based on when they were first exposed to ketamine. Imaging data were processed by published routines in SPM and AFNI. The results revealed lower GMV in the left precuneus in ketamine users, with a larger decrease in the adolescent-onset group. The results from a seed-based correlation analysis show that both ketamine groups had higher functional connectivity between left precuneus (seed) and right precuneus than the control group. Compared to controls, ketamine users showed decreased GMV in the right insula, left inferior parietal lobule, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex/superior frontal gyrus, and left medial orbitofrontal cortex. These preliminary results characterize the effects of ketamine misuse on brain structure and function and highlight the influence of earlier exposure to ketamine on the development of the brain. The precuneus, a structure of central importance to cerebral functional organization, may be particularly vulnerable to the influences of early ketamine exposure. How these structural and functional brain changes may relate to the cognitive and affective deficits remains to be determined with a large cohort of participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chun Hung
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Bali Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Li-nong Street, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chung Huang
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ying Chou
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Chen
- Department of Radiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Ren Duann
- Institute of Education, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Institute for Neural Computation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Departemnt of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tony Szu-Hsien Lee
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, 162 Section One, He-Ping East Road, Taipei, Taiwan. .,CTBC Center for Addiction Prevention and Policy Research, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Po Lin
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Li-nong Street, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Ding R, Tan Y, Du A, Wen G, Ren X, Yao H, Ren W, Liu H, Wang X, Yu H, Yao J, Li B, Zhang G, Lu Y, Wu X. Redistribution of Monocarboxylate 1 and 4 in Hippocampus and Spatial Memory Impairment Induced by Long-term Ketamine Administration. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:60. [PMID: 32362817 PMCID: PMC7181955 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) MCT1, MCT2, and MCT4 are essential components of the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS), which is a fundamental element of brain energetics. Decreased expression of MCTs can induce cognitive dysfunction of the brain. In the present study, we established a mouse model of long-term ketamine administration by subjecting mice to a 6-month course of a daily intraperitoneal injection of ketamine. These mice demonstrated learning and memory deficits and a significant decline in MCT1 and MCT4 proteins in the hippocampal membrane fraction, while cytoplasmic MCT1 and MCT4 protein levels were significantly increased. In contrast, the levels of global MCT2 protein were significantly increased. Analysis of mRNA levels found no changes in MCT1/4 transcripts, although the expression of MCT2 mRNA was significantly increased. We suggest that redistribution of hippocampal MCT1 and MCT4, but not MCT2 up-regulation, may be related to learning and memory deficits induced by long-term ketamine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runtao Ding
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Forensic and Medical Laboratory, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yaqing Tan
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ao Du
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gehua Wen
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinghua Ren
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Yao
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weishu Ren
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huairu Liu
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao Yu
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun Yao
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Baoman Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry in Congenital Malformation, The Affiliated Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Wu
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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7
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Li Q, Qin XQ, Sun L, Liu DX, Zhang Q, Pan F, Yew D. Chronic sub-anesthetic ketamine induces permanent hypolocomotion and impairment of hippocampus in adolescent cynomolgus monkeys. Neurosci Lett 2020; 717:134702. [PMID: 31863811 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine has gained increasing popularity in adolescent drug abusers worldwide. However, relatively little is known about the long-term effects of recreational ketamine on adolescent hippocampus. The present study investigates the effects of different periods (1, 3 and 6 months) of recreational ketamine administration on locomotor activity and neuron damage in the hippocampus of adolescent cynomolgus monkeys. 32 4-year-old male cynomolgus monkeys were divided into control, 1-month, 3-month and 6-month groups. All animals in ketamine groups received daily intravenous injection with 1 mg/kg ketamine in saline for respective 1, 3 or 6 months while control group received normal saline. Automatic behaviors were recorded for 10 min before and after ketamine and saline administration. Meanwhile, the markers of apoptosis in the hippocampus were assessed using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), electron microscopy and western blotting. Results showed that ketamine significantly decreased locomotor activity, increased apoptotic neurons and pro-apoptotic proteins, cleaved Caspase-3 and Bax, while decreased the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in the hippocampus after 6-month ketamine administration. Our study suggested that chronically recreational ketamine might induce hypolocomotion and neurotoxic effect via apoptotic pathway in adolescent hippocampus of monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Ethics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xia-Qing Qin
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Ethics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Ethics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - De-Xiang Liu
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Ethics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Ethics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Pan
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Ethics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - David Yew
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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8
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Chen F, Ye Y, Dai X, Zheng Y, Fang S, Liao L. Metabolic effects of repeated ketamine administration in the rat brain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 522:592-598. [PMID: 31785818 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine is a popular recreational drug used in club and dance music settings. Evidence suggests that chronic or repeated ketamine use could induce neurological and psychological harm, while the mechanisms underlying ketamine's effects on the nervous system are still unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the metabolic changes that occur in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (Hip) and striatum of rats with repeated ketamine exposure and withdrawal intervention and to identify the potential metabolic pathways influenced by ketamine. An untargeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)-based metabolomics method coupled with multivariate and univariate statistical analysis was applied to analyze the metabolic profiles of the PFC, Hip, and striatum and to identify metabolite alterations. The pathway analysis tool in MetaboAnalyst was subsequently applied for pathway predictions. A total of 79, 54 and 58 changed metabolites were identified in the PFC, Hip and striatum, respectively, after repeated ketamine exposure. Pathway analysis indicated that purine metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism were the main pathways disturbed by ketamine in all three brain regions. After one week of withdrawal intervention, most changed metabolites in the Hip and striatum had been restored to control levels, while the metabolite alterations in the PFC were persistent. These results revealed that repeated ketamine exposure significantly changed purine metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism in the PFC, Hip and striatum, which might be involved in the neurotoxic effects of ketamine. Additionally, this study also identified that the PFC, rather than the Hip or striatum, was more likely to be the target region of the long-term effects of ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chen
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Ye
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinhua Dai
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuzi Zheng
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiyong Fang
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Linchuan Liao
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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9
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Sun Z, Ma Y, Xie L, Huang J, Duan S, Guo R, Xie Y, Lv J, Lin Z, Ma S. Behavioral Changes and Neuronal Damage in Rhesus Monkeys after 10 Weeks of Ketamine Administration Involve Prefrontal Cortex Dopamine D2 Receptor and Dopamine Transporter. Neuroscience 2019; 415:97-106. [PMID: 31330230 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) and dopamine transporter (DAT) play a regulatory role in dopaminergic neurotransmission and thus play an important role in drug addiction. The prefrontal cortex (PFC), a critical part of the mesencephalic dopaminergic system, is thought to be involved in the development and maintenance of drug addiction. The addiction to ketamine is thought to induce behavioral effects primarily through actions on the central nervous system. However, the neural mechanism underlying the effects of ketamine addiction remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the involvement of PFC DRD2 and DAT in ketamine addiction effects after ketamine administration for 10 weeks in nonhuman primates. To this end, after administering ketamine to rhesus monkeys for 10 weeks, we assessed changes in body weight and behavior. Additionally, neuronal changes in the PFC were examined by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining; the DRD2 and DAT mRNA and protein expression levels in the PFC were determined by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. After 10-week ketamine administration, the assessment of the manifestations of toxicity in rhesus monkeys revealed significant changes in body weight and behavior, decreased DRD2 and DAT mRNA and protein expression in the PFC, and histological abnormalities including neuronal eosinophilia, pyknosis and disorderly arrangement of neurons in the PFC. These results suggest that the reduced expression of DRD2 and DAT in PFC could be involved in the behavioral and the neurological changes induced by ketamine administration, which may play an important role in the molecular mechanisms of ketamine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongbo Sun
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Ye Ma
- Department of Linguistics & Languages, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan MI48824, USA
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Jinzhuang Huang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Shouxing Duan
- Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Ruiwei Guo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Yao Xie
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Junyao Lv
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Zhirong Lin
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Shuhua Ma
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China.
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Trofimiuk E, Wielgat P, Braszko JJ, Car H. Stress and Ketamine, Bimodal Influence on Cognitive Functions. Behav Brain Res 2018; 360:354-364. [PMID: 30562568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) non-selective antagonist, ketamine, has been recently repurposed as a rapidly acting antidepressant, catalyzing the vigorous investigation of glutamate-signaling modulators as novel therapeutic agents for depressive disorders. Beneficial effects of this drug in the quick-acting treatment of depression are recognized. The long-term effects of ketamine have not been known, including the cognitive sphere. It is well acknowledged that prolonged exposure to stress induces depression and cognitive impairment. It seemed reasonable to ask how the long-term ketamine administration would affect stressed animals in the aspect of cognitive functions. In the current study we tested whether it is possible for ketamine, used in prolonged-regimen in rats, to alleviate stress-evoked memory deficits? Stressed (restraint 2 h daily for 21 days) and non-stressed rats (6-weeks-old) were treated with ketamine for 21 days and next subjected to a battery of behavioral tests: for the assessment of working and reference spatial memory (Morris water maze (MWM) and Barnes maze (BM)), stereotypy (stereotypy test - ST), locomotor functions (Open field - OF) and anxiety behavior (Elevated plus maze - EPM). Ketamine administration resulted in a significant stereotype behaviour in rats tested in ST. Stressed rats displayed a significant decline in the spatial working and reference memory. The effect of chronic ketamine administration depended on the type of test and differed between control rats and animals simultaneously exposed to chronic stress. However, in the MWM the impact was quite unequivocal, as we observed an improvement in spatial memory in stressed animals and a deterioration in non-stressed animals after ketamine administration. In the BM, the effect of ketamine changed in successive attempts, from favorable in the initial period to negative at the end of the test in the group of stressed animals and without a significant impact on control animals. We found no significant effects of ketamine on locomotor performance and on the level of anxiety. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that ketamine potently abolishes or prevents some kinds of stress-induced memory impairments and cognitive decline in rats, although in some circumstances, it could even increase damage to memory, especially in unstressed animals. It seems that the prolonged use of ketamine in the prevention of stress-induced memory declines can fulfill its role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Trofimiuk
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Wielgat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jan J Braszko
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Halina Car
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
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11
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mGluR5 upregulation and the effects of repeated methamphetamine administration and withdrawal on the rewarding efficacy of ketamine and social interaction. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 360:58-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Hou L, Qi Y, Sun H, Wang G, Li Q, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Du Z, Sun L. Applying ketamine to alleviate the PTSD-like effects by regulating the HCN1-related BDNF. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 86:313-321. [PMID: 29596995 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is commonly associated with concurrent anxiety and depression symptoms, and reduce the expression of the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) which promotes the proliferation and survival of neurons. The hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 1(HCN1) could be inhibited by the ketamine, a drug to alleviate depression and anxiety, and regulated the BDNF expression, however, the effects of ketamine in alleviating PTSD symptoms by regulating the HCN1-related BDNF have been poorly perceived. METHODS In the present study, the effects of ketamine were examined on the PTSD-like effects in a rat model of PTSD induced by SPS&S procedure. After the SPS&S procedure and model testing, PTSD rats were subjected to behavioral testing and biochemical assessments, followed by single treatment with certain doses of ketamine (5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/kg IP). RESULTS The results showed that the SPS&S procedure induced severe PTSD-like behaviors, with lower levels of BDNF protein levels and higher level of the HCN1 protein in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). These were reversed by a single administration of ketamine. The ketamine with dose of 15 mg/kg significantly increased locomotor behavior in the open field test, aggrandized exploratory behavior in the elevated plus maze test, and decreased immobility time spent in the forced swim test. Meanwhile, ketamine with dose of 15 mg/kg could increase the BDNF protein level, while down-regulate the expression of the HCN1. Eventually, there was a negative correlation between the level of BDNF and HCN1 in the PFC. CONCLUSION Ketamine affects the HCN1-related BDNF signaling pathways to alleviate PTSD-like effects in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanwei Hou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotong West Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Yirui Qi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotong West Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Department of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotong West Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotong West Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Reproduction Growth and Development, University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanyu Wang
- Department of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotong West Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Zuoji Zhang
- Behavior Medical Education Research Center, Jining Medical University, NO. 16 Hehua Road, Taibaihu District, Jining, 272067, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongde Du
- Department of Neurology, Chinese People's Liberation Army Eighty-Nine Hospital, 256# Beigong West Street, Weifang, 261021, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotong West Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China; Department of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotong West Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China.
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13
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Hou L, Guo Y, Lian B, Wang Y, Li C, Wang G, Li Q, Pang J, Sun H, Sun L. Synaptic Ultrastructure Might Be Involved in HCN 1-Related BDNF mRNA in Withdrawal-Anxiety After Ethanol Dependence. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:215. [PMID: 29896126 PMCID: PMC5986948 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Withdrawal from ethanol dependence has been associated with heightened anxiety and reduced expression of Brain-derived neurotropic factor which promotes the synaptic transmission and plasticity of synapses. Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 1 regulates expression; however, whether Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 1-related Brain-derived neurotropic factor is involved in the synaptic ultrastructure that generates withdrawal-anxiety has been poorly perceived. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with ethanol 3-9% (v/v) for a period of 21 days. Conditioned place preference and body weight were investigated during ethanol administration. Rats were subjected to behavioral testing and biochemical assessments after ethanol withdrawal, which was induced by abrupt discontinuation of the treatment. The results showed that the ethanol administration induced severe ethanol dependence behaviors, with higher body weight and more time in the ethanol-paired compartment. After withdrawal, rats had a higher total ethanol withdrawal score and explored less. Additionally, increased Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 1 protein and gene expression and decreased Brain-derived neurotropic factor protein and gene expression were detected in the Ethanol group. Eventually, there was a negative correlation between the level of Brain-derived neurotropic factor mRNA and Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 1 protein. Importantly, the synaptic ultrastructure changed in the Ethanol group, including increased synaptic cleft width and reduction in postsynaptic density thickness or synaptic curvature. The synthesis of the Brain-derived neurotropic factor mRNA could be down-regulated by higher Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 1 protein expression. Changes in synaptic ultrastructure may be induced by lower Brain-derived neurotropic factor protein, which could be associated with the withdrawal-anxiety that is experiences after ethanol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanwei Hou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yujuan Guo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Bo Lian
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yanyu Wang
- Department of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Changjiang Li
- Department of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Centre for Reproduction Growth and Development, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jinjing Pang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Han Ting People's Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Department of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Department of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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14
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Du Y, Wu J, Luo L. Secreted Heat Shock Protein 90α Attenuated the Effect of Anticancer Drugs in Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells Through AKT/GSK3β/β-Catenin Signaling. Cancer Control 2018; 25:1073274818804489. [PMID: 30282477 PMCID: PMC6172942 DOI: 10.1177/1073274818804489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) represents the progressive form of lung cancer. Patients with SCLC have poor prognosis, partially due to drug resistance. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanism for drug resistance in SCLC is needed to improve clinical outcomes. The concentrations of heat shock protein 90α (HSP90α) in medium were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The protein levels were detected by Western blot. Cell apoptosis was detected by propidium iodide staining in cell lines or terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining in tumor sections. Doxorubicin (DOX) was administered into cultured cell lines or intraperitoneally injected into xenograft mouse to induce apoptosis. In SCLC cell lines, either DOX or ABT-737 increased extracellular HSP90α levels, which attenuated the percentage of apoptotic cells. Extracellular HSP90α activated Ak strain transforming (AKT) and β-catenin signaling and inhibited glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) signaling. In the xenograft mouse model, extracellular HSP90α promoted tumor development and inhibited apoptosis of tumor cells. Heat shock protein 90α attenuates the efficacy of anticancer drugs in SCLC cells through AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Du
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical
University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical
University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Le Luo
- AnHui IsoTex Biotech Co, Xuancheng, China
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15
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Jiang Y, Wang Y, Sun X, Lian B, Sun H, Wang G, Du Z, Li Q, Sun L. Short- and long-term antidepressant effects of ketamine in a rat chronic unpredictable stress model. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00749. [PMID: 28828210 PMCID: PMC5561310 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research was aimed to evaluate the behaviors of short- or long-term antidepressant effects of ketamine in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS). BACKGROUND Ketamine, a glutamate noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, regulates excitatory amino acid functions, such as anxiety disorders and major depression, and plays an important role in synaptic plasticity and learning and memory. METHODS After 42 days of CUS model, male rats received either a single injection of ketamine (10 mg/kg; day 43) or 15 daily injections (days 43-75). The influence of ketamine on behavioral reactivity was assessed 24 hr (short-term) or 7 weeks after ketamine treatment (long-term). Behavioral tests used to assess the effects of these treatments included the sucrose preference (SP), open field (OF), elevated plus maze (EPM), forced swimming (FS), and water maze (WM) to detect anxiety-like behavior (OF and EPM), forced swimming (FS), and water maze (WM). Results: Short-term ketamine administration resulted in increases of body weight gain, higher sensitivity to sucrose, augmented locomotor activity in the OF, more entries into the open arms of the EPM, along increased activity in the FS test; all responses indicative of reductions in depression/despair in anxiety-eliciting situations. No significant differences in these behaviors were obtained under conditions of long-term ketamine administration (p > .05). The CUS + Ketamine group showed significantly increased activity as compared with the CUS + Vehicle group for analysis of the long-term effects of ketamine (*p < .05). Nor were significant differences obtained in learning and memory performance in rats receiving ketamine (p > .05). CONCLUSION Taken together these findings demonstrate that a short-term administration of ketamine induced rapid antidepressant-like effects in adult male rats exposed to CUS conditions, effects that were not observed in response to the long-term treatment regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghong Jiang
- Department of PsychologyWeifang Medical UniversityShandongChina
| | - Yiqiang Wang
- School of Bioscience and TechnologyWeifang Medical UniversityShandongChina
| | - Xiaoran Sun
- Department of PsychologyWeifang Medical UniversityShandongChina
| | - Bo Lian
- School of Bioscience and TechnologyWeifang Medical UniversityShandongChina
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Department of PsychologyWeifang Medical UniversityShandongChina
| | - Gang Wang
- Laboratory for Cognitive NeuroscienceWeifang Medical UniversityShandongChina
| | - Zhongde Du
- Department of NeurologyChinese People's Liberation Army eighty‐nine HospitalShandongChina
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Centre for Reproduction Growth and DevelopmentUniversity of Hong KongHongKongChina
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of PsychologyWeifang Medical UniversityShandongChina
- Laboratory for Cognitive NeuroscienceWeifang Medical UniversityShandongChina
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16
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Luo S, OuYang L, Wei J, Wu F, Wu Z, Lei W, Yuan D. Neuronal Apoptosis: Pathological Basis of Behavioral Dysfunctions Induced by Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Rodents Model. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2017; 55:267-278. [PMID: 28719951 PMCID: PMC5546160 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2017.55.3.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Angiostrongylus cantonensis invades the central nervous system (CNS) of humans to induce eosinophilic meningitis and meningoencephalitis and leads to persistent headache, cognitive dysfunction, and ataxic gait. Infected mice (nonpermissive host), admittedly, suffer more serious pathological injuries than rats (permissive host). However, the pathological basis of these manifestations is incompletely elucidated. In this study, the behavioral test, histological and immunohistochemical techniques, and analysis of apoptotic gene expression, especially caspase-3, were conducted. The movement and motor coordination were investigated at week 2 post infection (PI) and week 3 PI in mice and rats, respectively. The cognitive impairs could be found in mice at week 2 PI but not in rats. The plaque-like lesion, perivascular cuffing of inflammatory cells, and dilated vessels within the cerebral cortex and hippocampus were more serious in mice than in rats at week 3 PI. Transcriptomic analysis showed activated extrinsic apoptotic pathway through increased expression of TNFR1 and caspase-8 in mice CNS. Immunohistochemical and double-labeling for NeuN and caspase-3 indicated the dramatically increased expression of caspase-3 in neuron of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in mice but not in rats. Furthermore, western-blotting results showed high expression of cleaved caspase-3 proteins in mice but relatively low expression in rats. Thus, extrinsic apoptotic pathway participated in neuronal apoptosis might be the pathological basis of distinct behavioral dysfunctions in rodents with A. cantonensis infection. It provides the evidences of a primary molecular mechanism for the behavioral dysfunction and paves the ways to clinical diagnosis and therapy for A. cantonensis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Luo
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-Vectors Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lisi OuYang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Zhongdao Wu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-Vectors Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wanlong Lei
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Dongjuan Yuan
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-Vectors Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510080, China
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17
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Effects of co-administration of ketamine and ethanol on the dopamine system via the cortex-striatum circuitry. Life Sci 2017; 179:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Li Y, Shen R, Wen G, Ding R, Du A, Zhou J, Dong Z, Ren X, Yao H, Zhao R, Zhang G, Lu Y, Wu X. Effects of Ketamine on Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the Hippocampus of Mice Following Acute or Chronic Administration. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:139. [PMID: 28373844 PMCID: PMC5357631 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketamine is an injectable anesthetic and recreational drug of abuse commonly used worldwide. Many experimental studies have shown that ketamine can impair cognitive function and induce psychotic states. Neuroinflammation has been suggested to play an important role in neurodegeneration. Meanwhile, ketamine has been shown to modulate the levels of inflammatory cytokines. We hypothesized that the effects of ketamine on the central nervous system are associated with inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, we set out to establish acute and chronic ketamine administration models in C57BL/6 mice, to evaluate spatial recognition memory and emotional response, to analyze the changes in the levels of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the mouse hippocampus, employing behavioral tests, Western blot, quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that ketamine at the dose of 60 mg/kg induced spatial recognition memory deficit and reduced anxiety-like behaviors in mice after chronic administration. Moreover, we found that ketamine increased the hippocampal levels of IL-6 and IL-1β after single, multiple and long-term administration in a dose-dependent manner. However, the expression level of TNF-α differed in the mouse hippocampus under different conditions. Single administration of ketamine increased the level of TNF-α, whereas multiple and long-term administration decreased it significantly. We considered that TNF-α expression could be controlled by a bi-directional regulatory pathway, which was associated with the dose and duration of ketamine administration. Our results suggest that the alterations in the levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α may be involved in the neurotoxicity of ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanning Li
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang China
| | - Ruipeng Shen
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, ShenyangChina; Wujiang District Branch of Suzhou Public Security Bureau, SuzhouChina
| | - Gehua Wen
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang China
| | - Runtao Ding
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang China
| | - Ao Du
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang China
| | - Jichuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry in Congenital Malformation, The Affiliated Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang China
| | - Zhibin Dong
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang China
| | - Xinghua Ren
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang China
| | - Hui Yao
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang China
| | - Yan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry in Congenital Malformation, The Affiliated Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang China
| | - Xu Wu
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang China
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19
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Changes in hippocampal AMPA receptors and cognitive impairments in chronic ketamine addiction models: another understanding of ketamine CNS toxicity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38771. [PMID: 27934938 PMCID: PMC5146946 DOI: 10.1038/srep38771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ketamine has been reported to impair human cognitive function as a recreational drug of abuse. However, chronic effects of ketamine on central nervous system need to be further explored. We set out to establish chronic ketamine addiction models by giving mice a three or six month course of daily intraperitoneal injections of ketamine, then examined whether long-term ketamine administration induced cognition deficits and changed hippocampal post-synaptic protein expression in adult mice. Behavior tests results showed that mice exhibited dose- and time-dependent learning and memory deficits after long-term ketamine administration. Western blot results showed levels of GluA1, p-S845 and p-S831 proteins demonstrated significant decline with ketamine 60 mg/kg until six months administration paradigm. But levels of p-S845 and p-S831 proteins exhibited obvious increase with ketamine 60 mg/kg three months administration paradigm. NR1 protein levels significantly decrease with ketamine 60 mg/kg three and six months administration paradigm. Our results indicate that reduced expression levels and decreased phosphorylation levels of hippocampal post-synaptic membrane GluA1- containing AMPA receptors maybe involved in cognition impairment after long-term ketamine administration. These findings provide further evidence for the cognitive damage of chronic ketamine addiction as a recreational drug.
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20
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Shang HS, Wu YN, Liao CH, Chiueh TS, Lin YF, Chiang HS. Long-term administration of ketamine induces erectile dysfunction by decreasing neuronal nitric oxide synthase on cavernous nerve and increasing corporal smooth muscle cell apoptosis in rats. Oncotarget 2016; 8:73670-73683. [PMID: 29088735 PMCID: PMC5650290 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated and evaluated the mechanisms of erectile dysfunction (ED) in a rat model of long-term ketamine administration. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 32) were divided into four groups: namely the control group receiving intraperitoneal injection of saline, 1-month, 2-month and 3-month groups receiving daily intraperitoneal injection of ketamine (100 mg/kg/day) for 1, 2, and 3 month respectively. After treatment, animals underwent an erectile response protocol to assess intracavernosal pressure (ICP). Smooth muscle content was evaluated. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression were assessed using immunostaining assay. Ketamine-induced apoptosis was analyzed using TUNEL assay. Long-term ketamine administration caused significantly decreased erectile responses as measured by ICP. Smooth muscle content was significantly decreased in the ketamine-treated rats for 3 months. In the erectile tissue, ketamine administration significantly reduced nNOS expression and increased iNOS content compared with controls, whereas eNOS expression was not altered. Ketamine induced apoptosis in corpus cavernosum. The present study demonstrates that long-term ketamine administration led to erectile dysfunction in rat. The molecular mechanisms of ketamine-induced ED involved the increased apoptosis and up-regulated iNOS expression incorporating with loss of corporal smooth muscle content and reduced nNOS expression in cavernous nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Sheng Shang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-No Wu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hou Liao
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Shi Chiueh
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Sun Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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21
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Liu B, Huang J, Zhang B. Nobiletin protects against murine l -arginine-induced acute pancreatitis in association with downregulating p38MAPK and AKT. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 81:104-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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22
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Mutated tau, amyloid and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer disease—A brief review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 51:1-8. [PMID: 26851150 DOI: 10.1016/j.proghi.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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23
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Korpi ER, den Hollander B, Farooq U, Vashchinkina E, Rajkumar R, Nutt DJ, Hyytiä P, Dawe GS. Mechanisms of Action and Persistent Neuroplasticity by Drugs of Abuse. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 67:872-1004. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.010967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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24
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Li M, Yang K, Wang X, Xu X, Zhu L, Wang H. Mast cells infiltration and decreased E-cadherin expression in ketamine-induced cystitis. Toxicol Rep 2014; 2:205-209. [PMID: 28962353 PMCID: PMC5598405 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ketamine is a controlled substance and often illegally used as a recreational drug primarily by young adults. Increasing ketamine abusers associated with lower urinary tract symptoms have been reported at hospitals in recent years. Here we used a murine model to explore the changes of bladder in order to elucidate its pathogenesis. Methods ICR mice were randomly distributed into control and ketamine groups and received daily intraperitoneal injection of saline and ketamine (30 mg/kg), respectively. The bladders were excised and processed for histology at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Tryptase and E-cadherin were investigated by immunohistochemistry in bladder tissues from ketamine-treated and control mice to assess the mast cell activation and junction protein expression. Results After ketamine treatment, the bladder changed to be hyperemic, inflamed, and with more fissures in mucosa. Compared with control group, the number of tryptase-positive mast cells significantly increased, which was 6.98 ± 2.89 and 23.00 ± 6.48 cells per field (100×) at 8 and 12 weeks, respectively (P = 0.016 and P = 0.003, respectively). Additionally, the expression of E-cadherin in ketamine-treated mice bladder tissue was significantly lower than that in the control tissues, P < 0.001. Conclusions Increased mast cells in bladder wall and downregulated expression of E-cadherin junction protein in epithelial cells were probably associated with interstitial inflammation and fissures in mucosa. It implied that ketamine induced an interstitial cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiang Li
- Department of Urology, The Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Kang Yang
- Department of Immunology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Xiujian Wang
- Department of Immunology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Huili Wang
- Department of Immunology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
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25
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Stress-induced hyperalgesia. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 121:1-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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26
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Chen K, Fang J, Peng X, Cui H, Chen J, Wang F, Chen Z, Zuo Z, Deng J, Lai W, Zhou Y. Effect of selenium supplementation on aflatoxin B₁-induced histopathological lesions and apoptosis in bursa of Fabricius in broilers. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 74:91-7. [PMID: 25261862 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of sodium selenite against aflatoxin B1 (AFB 1), 200 male Avian broilers, divided into five groups, were fed with basal diet (control group), 0.3 mg/kg AFB1 (AFB1 group), 0.3 mg/kg AFB1 + 0.2 mg/kg Se (+Se group I), 0.3 mg/kg AFB1 + 0.4 mg/kg Se (+Se group II) and 0.3 mg/kg AFB1 + 0.6 mg/kg Se (+Se group III), respectively. Compared with the control group, decreased relative weight of bursa of Fabricius and contents of serum immunoglobulin, more vacuoles and debris in the bursal lymphoid follicle, and increased percentage of apoptotic bursal cells were observed in the AFB1 group. Sodium selenite, however, could increase the relative weight of bursa of Fabricius and contents of serum immunoglobulin, and ameliorate histopathological lesions. The percentages of apoptotic bursal cells, through flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling method, in the three +Se groups were lower than those in the AFB 1 group. Compared with the AFB 1 group, moreover, the mRNA expressions of Bax and Caspase-3 by qRT-PCR in the three +Se groups were decreased, while the expression of Bcl-2 was increased. The results indicate that sodium selenite in diet can protect chicken from AFB 1-induced impairment of humoral immune function by reducing bursal histopathological lesions and percentages of apoptotic bursal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Xi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China.
| | - Hengmin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China.
| | - Jin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Fengyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Zhengli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Weimin Lai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- College of Life and Basic Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
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27
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Niciu MJ, Henter ID, Luckenbaugh DA, Zarate CA, Charney DS. Glutamate receptor antagonists as fast-acting therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of depression: ketamine and other compounds. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 54:119-39. [PMID: 24392693 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-011613-135950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine has rapid and potent antidepressant effects in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder and bipolar depression. These effects are in direct contrast to the more modest effects seen after weeks of treatment with classic monoaminergic antidepressants. Numerous open-label and case studies similarly validate ketamine's antidepressant properties. These clinical findings have been reverse-translated into preclinical models in an effort to elucidate ketamine's antidepressant mechanism of action, and three important targets have been identified: mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2), and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). Current clinical and preclinical research is focused on (a) prolonging/maintaining ketamine's antidepressant effects, (b) developing more selective NMDA receptor antagonists free of ketamine's adverse effects, and (c) identifying predictor, mediator/moderator, and treatment response biomarkers of ketamine's antidepressant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Niciu
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-9692;
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28
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Sun L, Li Q, Li Q, Zhang Y, Liu D, Jiang H, Pan F, Yew DT. Chronic ketamine exposure induces permanent impairment of brain functions in adolescent cynomolgus monkeys. Addict Biol 2014; 19:185-94. [PMID: 23145560 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine, a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor antagonist, has emerged as an increasingly popular drug among young drug abusers worldwide. Available evidence suggests that ketamine produces acute impairments of working, episodic and semantic memory along with psychotogenic and dissociative effects when a single dose is given to healthy volunteers. However, understanding of the possible chronic effects of ketamine on behavior, cognitive anomalies and neurochemical homeostasis is still incomplete. Although previous human studies demonstrate that ketamine could impair a range of cognitive skills, investigation using non-human models would permit more precise exploration of the neurochemical mechanisms which may underlie the detrimental effects. The current study examined the abnormalities in behavior (move, walk, jump and climb) and apoptosis of the prefrontal cortex using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and apoptotic markers, including Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 in adolescent male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) after 1 or 6 months of sub-anesthetic ketamine administration (1 mg/kg, i.v.). Results showed that ketamine decreased locomotor activity and increased cell death in the prefrontal cortex of monkeys with 6 months of ketamine treatment when compared with the control monkeys. Such decreases were not found in the 1-month ketamine-treated group. Our study suggested that ketamine administration of recreational dose in monkeys might produce permanent and irreversible deficits in brain functions due to neurotoxic effects, involving the activation of apoptotic pathways in the prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Sun
- Department of Medical Psychology, Shandong University School of Medicine, China
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29
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Hasselmann HWW. Ketamine as antidepressant? Current state and future perspectives. Curr Neuropharmacol 2014; 12:57-70. [PMID: 24533016 PMCID: PMC3915350 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x113119990043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious mental disorder that ranks among the major causes of disease burden. Standard medical treatment targeting cerebral monoamines often provides only insufficient symptom relief and fails in approximately every fifth patient. The complexity of MDD therefore, reflects more than monoaminergic dysregulation. Initial research argues the case for excessive glutamate levels, suggesting that antiglutamatergic drugs might be useful in treating MDD. Ketamine is a non-selective, high-affinity N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist most commonly used in pediatric and animal surgery. In the past, ketamine has gained popularity because of its ability to rapidly elevate mood, even in treatment-resistant and bipolar depression. However, there are still many obstacles before widespread clinical approval of ketamine treatment could become reality. In this review, ketamine's powerful antidepressant effects are discussed and further research necessary for therapeutic application is outlined. NMDAR antagonists provide an entirely new way of treating the manifold appearances of depression that should not be left unused.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W W Hasselmann
- Research Master Programme Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
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30
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The association between splenocyte apoptosis and alterations of Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 mRNA expression, and oxidative stress induced by dietary nickel chloride in broilers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:7310-26. [PMID: 24351749 PMCID: PMC3881169 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10127310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two hundred and forty avian broilers were equally divided into four groups, and raised with a corn-soybean basal diet or the same diet supplemented with 300, 600, 900 mg/kg NiCl2 for 42 days. Numbers or percentages of apoptotic splenocytes by flow cytometry (FCM) and TUNEL were higher (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) in the 300, 600 and 900 mg/kg groups than those in the control group. Results measured by qRT-PCR and ELISA showed that mRNA expression and contents were significantly higher (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) in Bax and Caspase-3, and were significantly lower (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) in Bcl-2 of the 300, 600 and 900 mg/kg groups. Also, the SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activities, and the ability to inhibit hydroxyl radical, and GSH contents were significantly decreased (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), and MDA contents were increased (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) in all groups. In conclusion, dietary NiCl2 in excess of 300 mg/kg caused apoptosis, altered Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 mRNA expression levels and contents, and induced oxidative stress in the spleen. Also, splenocyte apoptosis was closely related to the alternations of Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 mRNA expression, and oxidative damage. The splenic immunity and blood filtration functions were impaired in broilers.
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31
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Chen J, Chen K, Yuan S, Peng X, Fang J, Wang F, Cui H, Chen Z, Yuan J, Geng Y. Effects of aflatoxin B1 on oxidative stress markers and apoptosis of spleens in broilers. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 32:278-84. [PMID: 24097364 DOI: 10.1177/0748233713500819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the oxidative damage and apoptosis induced by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in spleen of broilers. A total of 200 one-day-old avian male broilers were randomly divided into 4 equal groups of 50 each and were fed for 21 days as follows: a control diet and three AFB1 diets containing 0.15, 0.3, and 0.6 mg AFB1/kg diet. Consumption of AFB1 diets induced oxidative stress in the spleen of chicken as evidenced by reduced glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and catalase activities, decreased glutathione contents, and increased malondialdehyde contents in explaining the pathogenesis. Flow cytometer method and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labeling assay revealed that the apoptotic splenocytes were increased in AFB1 groups. The results suggest that AFB1 induced excessive apoptosis of splenic lymphocytes, which is correlated with increased oxidative stress. The present results may be helpful for explaining the pathogenesis of AFB1-induced immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kejie Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shibin Yuan
- Institute of Rare Animals and Plants, College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Peng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Fang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyuan Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengmin Cui
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengli Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxin Yuan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Geng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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32
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Wang C, Zheng D, Xu J, Lam W, Yew DT. Brain damages in ketamine addicts as revealed by magnetic resonance imaging. Front Neuroanat 2013; 7:23. [PMID: 23882190 PMCID: PMC3713393 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2013.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ketamine, a known antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartic (NMDA) glutamate receptors, had been used as an anesthetic particularly for pediatric or for cardiac patients. Unfortunately, ketamine has become an abusive drug in many parts of the world while chronic and prolonged usage led to damages of many organs including the brain. However, no studies on possible damages in the brains induced by chronic ketamine abuse have been documented in the human via neuroimaging. This paper described for the first time via employing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) the changes in ketamine addicts of 0.5–12 years and illustrated the possible brain regions susceptible to ketamine abuse. Twenty-one ketamine addicts were recruited and the results showed that the lesions in the brains of ketamine addicts were located in many regions which appeared 2–4 years after ketamine addiction. Cortical atrophy was usually evident in the frontal, parietal or occipital cortices of addicts. Such study confirmed that many brain regions in the human were susceptible to chronic ketamine injury and presented a diffuse effect of ketamine on the brain which might differ from other central nervous system (CNS) drugs, such as cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Wang
- Brain Research Center, Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR, China
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33
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Wang F, Shu G, Peng X, Fang J, Chen K, Cui H, Chen Z, Zuo Z, Deng J, Geng Y, Lai W. Protective effects of sodium selenite against aflatoxin B1-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in broiler spleen. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:2834-44. [PMID: 23839060 PMCID: PMC3734461 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10072834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective role of sodium selenite on aflatoxin B1-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in spleen of broilers. Two hundred one-day-old male broilers, divided into five groups, were fed with basal diet (control group), 0.3 mg/kg AFB1 (AFB1 group), 0.3 mg/kg AFB1 + 0.2 mg/kg Se (+Se group I), 0.3 mg/kg AFB1 + 0.4 mg/kg Se (+Se group II) and 0.3 mg/kg AFB1 + 0.6 mg/kg Se (+Se group III), respectively. According to biochemical assays, AFB1 significantly decreased the activities of glutathione peroxidase, total superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, catalase and the level of glutathione hormone, while it increased the level of malondialdehyde. Moreover, AFB1 increased the percentage of apoptosis cells by flow cytometry and the occurrence of apoptotic cells by TUNEL assay. Simultaneous supplementation with sodium selenite restored these parameters to be close to those in control group. In conclusion, sodium selenite exhibited protective effects on AFB1-induced splenic toxicity in broilers by inhibiting oxidative stress and excessive apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xi Peng
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (X.P.); (J.F.); Tel.: +86-130-8631-1201 (X.P.); +86-130-5657-7921 (J.F.)
| | - Jing Fang
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (X.P.); (J.F.); Tel.: +86-130-8631-1201 (X.P.); +86-130-5657-7921 (J.F.)
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34
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Chen K, Shu G, Peng X, Fang J, Cui H, Chen J, Wang F, Chen Z, Zuo Z, Deng J, Geng Y, Lai W. Protective role of sodium selenite on histopathological lesions, decreased T-cell subsets and increased apoptosis of thymus in broilers intoxicated with aflatoxin B₁. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:446-54. [PMID: 23810797 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
For evaluating the ability of selenium (Se) in counteracting the adverse effects of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁), two hundred 1-day-old male Avian broilers, divided into five groups, were fed with basal diet (control group), 0.3 mg/kg AFB₁ (AFB₁ group), 0.3 mg/kg AFB₁+0.2 mg/kg Se (+Se group I), 0.3mg/kg AFB₁+0.4 mg/kg Se (+Se group II) and 0.3mg/kg AFB₁+0.6 mg/kg Se (+Se group III), respectively. Compared with control group, the decreased relative weight of thymus and percentages of mature thymocytes, congestion in medulla and much debris in cortex of thymus, and the increased apoptotic thymocytes were observed in AFB1 group. However, supplied dietary sodium selenite could increase the relative weight of thymus and percentages of mature thymocytes, and alleviate histopathological lesions. Compared with AFB1 group, the percentages of apoptotic thymocytes detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling method and flow cytometry method in three +Se groups were decreased, the expression of Caspase-3 and Bax, through quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemical method, in three +Se groups were decreased, while the expression of Bcl-2 was increased. The results indicate that sodium selenite supplied in the diet, through a mechanism of apoptosis regulation, may ameliorated AFB₁-induced lesions of thymus and accordingly improve the impaired cellular immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
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35
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Wai MSM, Chan WM, Zhang AQ, Wu Y, Yew DT. Long-term ketamine and ketamine plus alcohol treatments produced damages in liver and kidney. Hum Exp Toxicol 2012; 31:877-86. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327112436404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine is one of the common recreational drugs used in rave parties and it is frequently taken with alcohol. In spite of this, the potential toxicity of ketamine in liver and kidney has not been fully documented. In this study, ICR mice were treated for periods of 6, 16 and 28 weeks with 30 mg/kg ketamine injected daily intraperitoneally, and together with alcohol (0.5 ml of 10% alcohol for each mouse) during the last 4 weeks of the treatment periods. Our experimental results showed significant damage in liver, including fatty degeneration of liver cells, fibrosis and increase in liver glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, proliferative cell nuclear antigen and lactate dehydrogenase after 16 weeks of treatment with ketamine. Hydropic degenerations of the kidney tubules were observed as early as 6 weeks of treatment. Long-term ketamine administration (28 weeks) led to atresia of glomeruli in the kidney. Proteinuria was confirmed in the 67% of the ketamine-treated animals after 28 weeks of treatment. It was apparent that ketamine when taken chronically (16 weeks of treatment and thereafter) affected both liver and kidney definitively. The damages in both liver and kidney of these mice were more severe when the animals were treated with both ketamine and alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- MSM Wai
- Brain Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - WM Chan
- Brain Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - AQ Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Wu
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - DT Yew
- Brain Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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