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Ali S, Aman A, Hengphasatporn K, Oopkaew L, Todee B, Fujiki R, Harada R, Shigeta Y, Krusong K, Choowongkomon K, Chavasiri W, Wolschann P, Mahalapbutr P, Rungrotmongkol T. Evaluating solubility, stability, and inclusion complexation of oxyresveratrol with various β-cyclodextrin derivatives using advanced computational techniques and experimental validation. Comput Biol Chem 2024; 112:108111. [PMID: 38879954 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2024.108111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Oxyresveratrol (OXY), a natural stilbenoid in mulberry fruits, is known for its diverse pharmacological properties. However, its clinical use is hindered by low water solubility and limited bioavailability. In the present study, the inclusion complexes of OXY with β-cyclodextrin (βCD) and its three analogs, dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin (DMβCD), hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) and sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBEβCD), were investigated using in silico and in vitro studies. Molecular docking revealed two binding orientations of OXY, namely, 4',6'-dihydroxyphenyl (A-form) and 5,7-benzenediol ring (B-form). Molecular Dynamics simulations suggested the formation of inclusion complexes with βCDs through two distinct orientations, with OXY/SBEβCD exhibiting maximum atom contacts and the lowest solvent-exposed area in the hydrophobic cavity. These results corresponded well with the highest binding affinity observed in OXY/SBEβCD when assessed using the MM/GBSA method. Beyond traditional simulation methods, Ligand-binding Parallel Cascade Selection Molecular Dynamics method was employed to investigate how the drug enters and accommodates within the hydrophobic cavity. The in silico results aligned with stability constants: SBEβCD (2060 M-1), HPβCD (1860 M-1), DMβCD (1700 M-1), and βCD (1420 M-1). All complexes exhibited a 1:1 binding mode (AL type), with SBEβCD enhancing OXY solubility (25-fold). SEM micrographs, DSC thermograms, FT-IR and 1H NMR spectra confirm the inclusion complex formation, revealing novel surface morphologies, distinctive thermal behaviors, and new peaks. Notably, the inhibitory impact on the proliferation of breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7, exhibited by inclusion complexes particularly OXY/DMβCD, OXY/HPβCD, and OXY/SBEβCD were markedly superior compared to that of OXY alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Ali
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Aamir Aman
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kowit Hengphasatporn
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Lipika Oopkaew
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Bunyaporn Todee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Ryo Fujiki
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Harada
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Shigeta
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Kuakarun Krusong
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kiattawee Choowongkomon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Warinthorn Chavasiri
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Peter Wolschann
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Panupong Mahalapbutr
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Tran HG, Shuayprom A, Kueanjinda P, Leelahavanichkul A, Wongsinkongman P, Chaisomboonpan S, Tawatsin A, Ruchusatsawat K, Wongpiyabovorn J. Oxyresveratrol Attenuates Inflammation in Human Keratinocyte via Regulating NF-kB Signaling and Ameliorates Eczematous Lesion in DNCB-Induced Dermatitis Mice. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1709. [PMID: 37376157 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxyresveratrol (ORV) is one of the novel antioxidants having been extensively studied in recent years. One of the main sources of ORV is Artocarpus lakoocha, which has been used in traditional medicine in Thailand for decades. However, the role of ORV in skin inflammation has not been clearly demonstrated. Therefore, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of ORV on dermatitis model. The effect of ORV was examined on human immortalized and primary skin cells exposed to bacterial components including peptidoglycan (PGN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced dermatitis mouse model. PGN and LPS were used to induce inflammation on immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) and human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKa). We then performed MTT assay, Annexin V and PI assay, cell cycle analysis, real-time PCR, ELISA and Western blot in these in vitro models. H&E staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining with CD3, CD4 and CD8 markers were used to evaluate the effects of ORV in in vivo model of skin inflammation using BALB/c mice. Pretreatment of HaCaT and HEKa cells with ORV inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine production through inhibition of NF-κB pathway. In DNCB-induced dermatitis mouse model, ORV treatment reduced lesion severity, and skin thickness and numbers of CD3, CD4 and CD8 T cells in the sensitized skin of mice. In conclusion, it has been demonstrated that ORV treatment can ameliorate inflammation in the in vitro models of skin inflammation and in vivo models of dermatitis, suggesting a therapeutic potential of ORV for treatment of skin diseases particularly eczema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Gia Tran
- Graduate Program in Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Aussavashai Shuayprom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | - Patipark Kueanjinda
- Center of Excellence in Immune-Mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Center of Excellence on Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Prapai Wongsinkongman
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | | | - Apiwat Tawatsin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | | | - Jongkonnee Wongpiyabovorn
- Center of Excellence in Immune-Mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Suriyaprom S, Srisai P, Intachaisri V, Kaewkod T, Pekkoh J, Desvaux M, Tragoolpua Y. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity on LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells of White Mulberry ( Morus alba L.) Leaf Extracts. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114395. [PMID: 37298871 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The white mulberry (Morus alba L.) is widely used as a medicinal plant in Asia. In this study, the bioactive compounds of ethanolic extracts of white mulberry leaves from the Sakon Nakhon and Buriram cultivars were evaluated. The ethanolic extracts of mulberry leaves from the Sakon Nakhon cultivar showed the highest total phenolic content of 49.68 mg GAE/g extract and antioxidant activities of 4.38 mg GAE/g extract, 4.53 mg TEAC/g extract, and 92.78 mg FeSO4/g extract using 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,20-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, respectively. The resveratrol and oxyresveratrol compounds in mulberry leaves were also investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The mulberry leaf extracts from the Sakon Nakhon and Buriram cultivars showed oxyresveratrol contents of 1.20 ± 0.04 mg/g extract and 0.39 ± 0.02 mg/g extract, respectively, whereas resveratrol was not detected. It was also found that the potent anti-inflammatory properties of mulberry leaf extracts and its compounds, resveratrol and oxyresveratrol, suppressed the LPS-stimulated inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells by significantly reducing nitric oxide production in a concentration-dependent manner. These compounds further inhibited interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production and suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Therefore, it is established that mulberry leaf extract and its bioactive compounds contribute to its anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureeporn Suriyaprom
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- INRAE, UCA, UMR0454 MEDIS, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Varachaya Intachaisri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Thida Kaewkod
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Natural Extracts and Innovative Products for Alternative Healthcare Research Group, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jeeraporn Pekkoh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Yingmanee Tragoolpua
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Natural Extracts and Innovative Products for Alternative Healthcare Research Group, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Al-Khayri JM, Mascarenhas R, Harish HM, Gowda Y, Lakshmaiah VV, Nagella P, Al-Mssallem MQ, Alessa FM, Almaghasla MI, Rezk AAS. Stilbenes, a Versatile Class of Natural Metabolites for Inflammation-An Overview. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093786. [PMID: 37175197 PMCID: PMC10180133 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Stilbenes are polyphenolic allelochemicals synthesized by plants, especially grapes, peanuts, rhubarb, berries, etc., to defend themselves under stressful conditions. They are now exploited in medicine for their antioxidant, anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties. Inflammation is the immune system's response to invading bacteria, toxic chemicals or even nutrient-deprived conditions. It is characterized by the release of cytokines which can wreak havoc on healthy tissues, worsening the disease condition. Stilbenes modulate NF-κB, MAPK and JAK/STAT pathways, and reduce the transcription of inflammatory factors which result in maintenance of homeostatic conditions. Resveratrol, the most studied stilbene, lowers the Michaelis constant of SIRT1, and occupies the substrate binding pocket. Gigantol interferes with the complement system. Besides these, oxyresveratrol, pterostilbene, polydatin, viniferins, etc., are front runners as drug candidates due to their diverse effects from different functional groups that affect bioavailability and molecular interactions. However, they each have different thresholds for toxicity to various cells of the human body, and thus a careful review of their properties must be conducted. In animal models of autoinflammatory diseases, the mode of application of stilbenes is important to their absorption and curative effects, as seen with topical and microemulsion gel methods. This review covers the diversity seen among stilbenes in the plant kingdom and their mechanism of action on the different inflammatory pathways. In detail, macrophages' contribution to inflamed conditions in the liver, the cardiac, connective and neural tissues, in the nephrons, intestine, lungs and in myriad other body cells is explored, along with detailed explanation on how stilbenes alleviate the symptoms specific to body site. A section on the bioavailability of stilbenes is included for understanding the limitations of the natural compounds as directly used drugs due to their rapid metabolism. Current delivery mechanisms include sulphonamides, or using specially designed synthetic drugs. It is hoped that further research may be fueled by this comprehensive work that makes a compelling argument for the exploitation of these compounds in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel M Al-Khayri
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roseanne Mascarenhas
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore 560029, India
| | | | - Yashwanth Gowda
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore 560029, India
| | | | - Praveen Nagella
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Muneera Qassim Al-Mssallem
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima Mohammed Alessa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Ibrahim Almaghasla
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Pests, and Diseases Unit, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Abdel-Sabour Rezk
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Virus and Phytoplasma, Plant Pathology Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
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Hornedo-Ortega R, Jourdes M, Da Costa G, Courtois A, Gabaston J, Teissedre PL, Richard T, Krisa S. Oxyresveratrol and Gnetol Glucuronide Metabolites: Chemical Production, Structural Identification, Metabolism by Human and Rat Liver Fractions, and In Vitro Anti-inflammatory Properties. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:13082-13092. [PMID: 35195403 PMCID: PMC9585577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stilbene metabolites are attracting great interest because many of them exhibit similar or even stronger biological effects than their parent compounds. Furthermore, the metabolized forms are predominant in biological fluids; therefore, their study is highly relevant. After hemisynthesis production, isolation, and structural elucidation, three glucuronide metabolites for oxyresveratrol (ORV) were formed: trans-ORV-4'-O-glucuronide, trans-ORV-3-O-glucuronide, and trans-ORV-2'-O-glucuronide. In addition, two glucuronide metabolites were obtained for gnetol (GN): trans-GN-2'-O-glucuronide and trans-GN-3-O-glucuronide. When the metabolism of ORV and GN is studied in vitro by human and rat hepatic enzymes, four of the five hemisynthesized compounds were identified and quantified. Human enzymes glucuronidated preferably at the C-2' position, whereas rat enzymes do so at the C-3 position. In view of these kinetic findings, rat enzymes have a stronger metabolic capacity than human enzymes. Finally, ORV, GN, and their glucuronide metabolites (mainly at the C-3 position) decreased nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, interleukin 1β, and tumor necrosis factor α production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages.
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Thaweesest W, Buranasudja V, Phumsuay R, Muangnoi C, Vajragupta O, Sritularak B, Rashatasakhon P, Rojsitthisak P. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Oxyresveratrol Tetraacetate, an Ester Prodrug of Oxyresveratrol, on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW264.7 Macrophage Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123922. [PMID: 35745046 PMCID: PMC9228887 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxyresveratrol (OXY) has been reported for its anti-inflammatory activity; however, the pharmaceutical applications of this compound are limited by its physicochemical properties and poor pharmacokinetic profiles. The use of an ester prodrug is a promising strategy to overcome these obstacles. In previous researches, several carboxylate esters of OXY were synthesized and oxyresveratrol tetraacetate (OXY-TAc) was reported to possess anti-melanogenic and anti-skin-aging properties. In this study, in addition to OXY-TAc, two novel ester prodrugs of OXY, oxyresveratrol tetrapropionate (OXY-TPr), and oxyresveratrol tetrabutyrate (OXY-TBu), were synthesized. Results from the Caco-2-permeation assay suggested that synthesized ester prodrugs can improve the membrane-permeation ability of OXY. The OXY-TAc exhibited the most significant profile, then this prodrug was chosen to observe anti-inflammatory activities with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Our results showed that OXY-Tac significantly alleviated secretion of several pro-inflammatory mediators (nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)), mitigated expression of enzyme-regulated inflammation (inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)), and suppressed the MAPK cascades. Interestingly, the observed anti-inflammatory activities of OXY-TAc were more remarkable than those of its parent compound OXY. Taken together, we demonstrated that OXY-TAc improved physicochemical and pharmacokinetic profiles and enhanced the pharmacological effects of OXY. Hence, the results in the present study would strongly support the clinical utilities of OXY-TAc for the treatment of inflammation-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuttinont Thaweesest
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.T.); (R.P.); (O.V.); (B.S.); (P.R.)
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Natural Products Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Visarut Buranasudja
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.T.); (R.P.); (O.V.); (B.S.); (P.R.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence:
| | - Rianthong Phumsuay
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.T.); (R.P.); (O.V.); (B.S.); (P.R.)
| | - Chawanphat Muangnoi
- Cell and Animal Model Unit, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Opa Vajragupta
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.T.); (R.P.); (O.V.); (B.S.); (P.R.)
- Molecular Probes for Imaging Research Network, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Boonchoo Sritularak
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.T.); (R.P.); (O.V.); (B.S.); (P.R.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Paitoon Rashatasakhon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Pornchai Rojsitthisak
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.T.); (R.P.); (O.V.); (B.S.); (P.R.)
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Palabiyik-Yucelik SS, Moser S, Becker K, Halici Z, Bayir Y, Stonig M, Schennach H, Fuchs D, Gostner JM, Kurz K. Oxyresveratrol modulates the immune response in vitro. Pteridines 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/pteridines-2020-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The naturally occurring stilbenoid oxyresveratrol was shown to influence inflammatory and metabolic processes. During cellular immune activation, tryptophan breakdown and neopterin formation via the enzymes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO-1) and GTP-cyclohydrolase, respectively, are induced. Neopterin and the kynurenine to tryptophan ratio are reliable and pertinent biomarkers of Th1-type immune response and are also used in vitro to monitor effects of active plant ingredients on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We investigated the effects of oxyresveratrol on the activity of the above-mentioned pathways in mitogen-stimulated human PBMC and in the myelomonocytic cell line THP-1. Oxyresveratrol exerted suppressive effects on tryptophan breakdown in both stimulated cell models. Of note, in PBMC, tryptophan breakdown was induced at lower concentrations (5–20 µM) and suppressed at higher treatment concentrations only. Neopterin formation was decreased dose-dependently in stimulated PBMC. In unstimulated PBMC similar, albeit lesser effects were observed. Data indicate that oxyresveratrol exerts distinct and concentration-dependent effects on different immune cell types. IDO-1 is targeted by oxyresveratrol and its activity can be modulated in both directions. Detailed investigations of the interactions would be interesting to fully explore the activity of this phytocompound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saziye Sezin Palabiyik-Yucelik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University , Erzurum , Turkey
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria
- Clinical Research, Development and Design Application and Research Center, Atatürk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Simone Moser
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Kathrin Becker
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Zekai Halici
- Clinical Research, Development and Design Application and Research Center, Atatürk University , Erzurum , Turkey
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Yasin Bayir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Marlies Stonig
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Harald Schennach
- Central Institute of Blood Transfusion and Immunology, University Hospital of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Johanna M. Gostner
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Katharina Kurz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Pneumology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck , Anichstrasse 35 , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
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Donini M, Gaglio SC, Laudanna C, Perduca M, Dusi S. Oxyresveratrol-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles Inhibit Oxygen Free Radical Production by Human Monocytes: Role in Nanoparticle Biocompatibility. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144351. [PMID: 34299623 PMCID: PMC8305861 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxyresveratrol, a polyphenol extracted from the plant Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb, has been reported to be an antioxidant and an oxygen-free radical scavenger. We investigated whether oxyresveratrol affects the generation of superoxide anion (O2−) by human monocytes, which are powerful reactive oxygen species (ROS) producers. We found that oxyresveratrol inhibited the O2− production induced upon stimulation of monocytes with β-glucan, a well known fungal immune cell activator. We then investigated whether the inclusion of oxyresveratrol into nanoparticles could modulate its effects on O2− release. We synthesized poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles, and we assessed their effects on monocytes. We found that empty PLGA nanoparticles induced O2− production by resting monocytes and enhanced the formation of this radical in β-glucan-stimulated monocytes. Interestingly, the insertion of oxyresveratrol into PLGA nanoparticles significantly inhibited the O2− production elicited by unloaded nanoparticles in resting monocytes as well as the synergistic effect of nanoparticles and β-glucan. Our results indicate that oxyresveratrol is able to inhibit ROS production by activated monocytes, and its inclusion into PLGA nanoparticles mitigates the oxidative effects due to the interaction between these nanoparticles and resting monocytes. Moreover, oxyresveratrol can contrast the synergistic effects of nanoparticles with fungal agents that could be present in the patient tissues. Therefore, oxyresveratrol is a natural compound able to make PLGA nanoparticles more biocompatible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Donini
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.D.); (C.L.); (S.D.)
| | | | - Carlo Laudanna
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.D.); (C.L.); (S.D.)
| | - Massimiliano Perduca
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-045-802-7984
| | - Stefano Dusi
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.D.); (C.L.); (S.D.)
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Likhitwitayawuid K. Oxyresveratrol: Sources, Productions, Biological Activities, Pharmacokinetics, and Delivery Systems. Molecules 2021; 26:4212. [PMID: 34299485 PMCID: PMC8307110 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxyresveratrol has recently attracted much research attention due to its simple chemical structure and diverse therapeutic potentials. Previous reviews describe the chemistry and biological activities of this phytoalexin, but additional coverage and greater accessibility are still needed. The current review provides a more comprehensive summary, covering research from 1955 to the present year. Oxyresveratrol occurs in both gymnosperms and angiosperms. However, it has never been reported in plants in the subclass Sympetalae, and this point might be of both chemotaxonomic and biosynthetic importance. Oxyresveratrol can be easily obtained from plant materials by conventional methods, and several systems for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of oxyresveratrol contents in plant materials and plant products are available. Oxyresveratrol possesses diverse biological and pharmacological activities such as the inhibition of tyrosinase and melanogenesis, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and protective effects against neurological disorders and digestive ailments. However, the unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties of oxyresveratrol, including low water solubility and poor oral availability and stability, have posed challenges to its development as a useful therapeutic agent. Recently, several delivery systems have emerged, with promising outcomes that may improve chances for the clinical study of oxyresveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittisak Likhitwitayawuid
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Oxyresveratrol Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Rats by Suppressing Inflammation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092630. [PMID: 33946346 PMCID: PMC8124641 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colitis causes destruction of the intestinal mucus layer and increases intestinal inflammation. The use of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents derived from natural sources has been recently highlighted as a new approach for the treatment of colitis. Oxyresveratrol (OXY) is an antioxidant known to have various beneficial effects on human health, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial activity, and antiviral activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of OXY in rats with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis. OXY ameliorated DSS-induced colitis and repaired damaged intestinal mucosa. OXY downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) and chemokine gene MCP-1, while promoting the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. OXY treatment also suppressed inflammation via inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in the colon, as well as the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO). OXY exhibited anti-apoptotic effects, shifting the Bax/Bcl-2 balance. In conclusion, OXY might improve DSS-induced colitis by restoring the intestinal mucus layer and reducing inflammation within the intestine.
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Gaglio SC, Donini M, Denbaes PE, Dusi S, Perduca M. Oxyresveratrol Inhibits R848-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Mediators Release by Human Dendritic Cells Even When Embedded in PLGA Nanoparticles. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082106. [PMID: 33916909 PMCID: PMC8067564 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxyresveratrol, a stilbene extracted from the plant Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb., has been reported to provide a considerable anti-inflammatory activity. Since the mechanisms of this therapeutic action have been poorly clarified, we investigated whether oxyresveratrol affects the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12, IL-6, and TNF-α by human dendritic cells (DCs). We found that oxyresveratrol did not elicit per se the release of these cytokines, but inhibited their secretion induced upon DC stimulation with R848 (Resiquimod), a well-known immune cell activator engaging receptors recognizing RNA viruses. We then investigated whether the inclusion of oxyresveratrol into nanoparticles promoting its ingestion by DCs could favor its effects on cytokine release. For this purpose we synthesized and characterized poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles, and we assessed their effects on DCs. We found that bare PLGA nanoparticles did not affect cytokine secretion by resting DCs, but increased IL-12, IL-6, and TNF-α secretion by R848-stimulated DCs, an event known as “priming effect”. We then loaded PLGA nanoparticles with oxyresveratrol and we observed that oxyresveratrol-bearing particles did not stimulate the cytokine release by resting DCs and inhibited the PLGA-dependent enhancement of IL-12, IL-6, and TNF-α secretion by R848-stimulated DCs. The results herein reported indicate that oxyresveratrol suppresses the cytokine production by activated DCs, thus representing a good anti-inflammatory and immune-suppressive agent. Moreover, its inclusion into PLGA nanoparticles mitigates the pro-inflammatory effects due to cooperation between nanoparticles and R848 in cytokine release. Therefore, oxyresveratrol can be able to contrast the synergistic effects of nanoparticles with microorganisms that could be present in the patient tissues, therefore overcoming a condition unfavorable to the use of some nanoparticles in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Calogero Gaglio
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.C.G.); (P.E.D.)
| | - Marta Donini
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Piyachat Evelyn Denbaes
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.C.G.); (P.E.D.)
| | - Stefano Dusi
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (M.P.); Tel.: +39-045-802-7124 (S.D.); +39-045-802-7984 (M.P.)
| | - Massimiliano Perduca
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.C.G.); (P.E.D.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (M.P.); Tel.: +39-045-802-7124 (S.D.); +39-045-802-7984 (M.P.)
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Lv T, Jian Z, Li D, Ao R, Zhang X, Yu B. Oxyresveratrol induces apoptosis and inhibits cell viability via inhibition of the STAT3 signaling pathway in Saos‑2 cells. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:5191-5198. [PMID: 33174060 PMCID: PMC7646976 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxyresveratrol (ORES) is a natural phenolic compound with multiple biological functions including antioxidation, anti-inflammation and neuroprotection; however, the inhibitory effect of ORES on osteosarcoma remains largely unknown. The present study aimed to determine the effects of ORES on osteosarcoma cell Saos-2. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was performed to detect Soas-2 cell viability. Annexin-FITC/PI staining and JC-1 staining were used to measure cell apoptosis and the change of mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, western blotting was conducted to determine the expression levels of apoptotic proteins and the phosphorylation of STAT3. It was found that ORES inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis of osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, ORES increased the expression levels of apoptotic proteases caspase-9 and caspase-3 and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. In response to ORES treatment, the expression levels of pro-apoptotic proteins, Bad and Bax, were enhanced, whereas those of anti-apoptotic proteins, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, were reduced. In addition, the phosphorylation of STAT3 was attenuated in Saos-2 cells after treatment with ORES. Inhibition of cell viability and apoptosis induction by ORES were rescued by enhancement of STAT3 activation upon treatment with IL-6. Collectively, the present study indicated that ORES induced apoptosis and inhibited cell viability, which may be associated with the inhibition of STAT3 activation; thus, ORES represents a promising agent for treating osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Jian
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
| | - Dejian Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
| | - Rongguang Ao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
| | - Baoqing Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
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Human Skin Lightening Efficacy of Resveratrol and Its Analogs: From in Vitro Studies to Cosmetic Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090332. [PMID: 31443469 PMCID: PMC6770230 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants are deemed useful in controlling oxidative stress associated with extrinsic skin aging and pigmentation disorders. Resveratrol is a polyphenol compound found in many edible plants such as Vitis vinifera, and its inhibitory effects on the catalytic activity, gene expression, and posttranslational modifications of tyrosinase, a key enzyme in the melanin biosynthetic pathway, provide a mechanistic basis for its antimelanogenic effects seen in melanocytic cells, three-dimensionally reconstituted skin models, and in vivo animal models. As a potent antioxidant and a modulator of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and sirtuin 1, resveratrol can also regulate multiple signaling pathways associated with inflammation and premature aging. Recent clinical studies have supported the efficacy of resveratrol and its analogs, such as resveratryl triacetate (RTA) and resveratryl triglycolate (RTG), in human skin lightening and antiaging. These findings suggest that resveratrol and its analogs are potentially useful as skin lightening and antiaging agents in cosmetics.
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Wongwat T, Srihaphon K, Pitaksutheepong C, Boonyo W, Pitaksuteepong T. Suppression of inflammatory mediators and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 by Morus alba stem extract and oxyresveratrol in RAW 264.7 cells and C28/I2 human chondrocytes. J Tradit Complement Med 2019; 10:132-140. [PMID: 32257876 PMCID: PMC7109470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of Morus alba stem extract (MSE) and oxyresveratrol on the suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and IL-1β-stimulated C28/I2 human chondrocyte cell line. The chondroprotective effect was also investigated using the chondrocyte cell line. First, MSE was prepared and analyzed for the amount of oxyresveratrol. The anti-inflammatory effects of MSE at various concentrations were evaluated through the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin (PG)-E2 and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 production. Oxyresveratrol at the equivalent amount found in the extract was investigated in the same manner. The chondroprotective effect was investigated through the suppression of MMP-13 production. The results showed that oxyresveratrol content in MSE was 15%. In RAW 264.7 cells, MSE (5-50 μg/mL) could inhibit the NO (24-30%) and PGE2 (11-82%) production. Oxyresveratrol at 0.75 and 7.5 μg/mL could suppress NO and also inhibited PGE2 but at only at high concentration. In the chondrocyte cell line, MSE at 5-100 μg/mL significantly decreased the PGE2 and COX-2 production by 44-93% and 17-65%, respectively. Again, oxyresveratrol at both concentrations could significantly inhibit PGE2 production by 50-92% but it inhibited COX-2 only at high concentration. In addition, MSE and oxyresveratrol was shown to significantly inhibit MMP-13 production by 14-57% and 16-56%, depending on their concentrations. The MSE demonstrates the potential to be used as an alternative treatment for reducing inflammation and preventing cartilage degradation. Its component, oxyresveratrol, may exert these effects to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thidarat Wongwat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Tha Pho, Mueang Phitsanulok, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Kanyarat Srihaphon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Tha Pho, Mueang Phitsanulok, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Chetsadaporn Pitaksutheepong
- Food Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Worawan Boonyo
- Department of Pharmacy Technician, Sirindhorn College of Public Health, Wangthong, Phitsanulok, 65130, Thailand
| | - Tasana Pitaksuteepong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Tha Pho, Mueang Phitsanulok, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
- Corresponding author.
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Oxyresveratrol prevents lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 56:105-112. [PMID: 29414639 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Oxyresveratrol (Oxy) is a natural polyhydroxystilbene abundant in mulberry that has anti-inflammation and anti-oxidant activities. We evaluated the protective effect of Oxy in the context of the lipopolysaccharide and d-galactosamine (LPS/d-GalN) induced acute liver injury. Oxy restricted the development of histopathological changes, markedly reduced the activity of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), which are indicators of impaired liver function. Oxy significantly regulated the contents of oxidative stress related enzymes and products, and inhibited expressions of inflammatory mediators and cytokines. Oxy treatment diminished the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B (TLR4/NF-κB) signaling pathway in liver, activated the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keap1)-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, and increased expressions of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and quinine oxidoreductase 1(NQO1). Pretreatment with Oxy decreased LPS/d-GalN stimulated hepatocyte apoptosis by efficaciously raising the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2 associated X (Bax) ratio, inhibiting the expression and activation of caspases, and activating the phosphoinoside-3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathway. Our results demonstrate the hepatoprotective efficacy of Oxy. The protection is mainly due to the prevention of TLR4/NF-κB pathway activation, induced activation of Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway, and decreased hepatocyte apoptosis. Oxy warrants further study as a potential therapeutic agent candidate for the management of acute liver injury.
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Du H, Ma L, Chen G, Li S. The effects of oxyresveratrol abrogates inflammation and oxidative stress in rat model of spinal cord injury. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:4067-4073. [PMID: 29257323 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxyresveratrol and its glycoside are important natural active materials. As an effective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, oxyresveratrol may prevent herpes virus infection, inflammation and oxidative stress, as well as protect nerves. In addition, it is known to inhibit cell apoptosis following cerebral ischemia. In recent years, oxyresveratrol and its glycoside have been widely investigated, and their useful biological activities have been explored, indicating that they may be worthy of further comprehensive research. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the photoprotective effects of oxyresveratrol and its ability to abrogate inflammation and oxidative stress in a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI). The authors identified that oxyresveratrol significantly reversed the SCI‑induced inhibition of Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scores, inhibited the SCI‑mediated increase in spinal cord water content, significantly suppressed SCI‑induced nuclear factor‑κB/p65, tumor necrosis factor‑α, interleukin (IL)‑1β and IL‑6 activities and reversed the malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione (GSH) and GSH peroxidase activities in SCI rats. SCI‑induced granulocyte‑macrophage colony‑stimulating factor (GM‑CSF), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclo‑oxygenase‑2 (COX‑2) protein expression was significantly suppressed by oxyresveratrol, and SCI‑mediated inhibition of nuclear factor (erythroid‑derived 2)‑like 2 (Nrf2) protein expression was significantly increased by oxyresveratrol. In conclusion, these results suggest that the effects of oxyresveratrol restores SCI, and abrogates inflammation and oxidative stress in rat model of SCI via the GM‑CSF, iNOS, COX‑2 and Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Hebei Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
| | - Lili Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Hebei Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
| | - Guangdong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Hebei Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Hebei Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
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In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Morus alba L. Stem Extract in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:3928956. [PMID: 28684966 PMCID: PMC5480247 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3928956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Morus alba L., also known as white mulberry or Mhon, has long been used in traditional medicines. This study was aimed to investigate anti-inflammatory activities of mulberry stem ethanolic extract (MSE) in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. The MSE was first prepared and then investigated for cell viability using the MTT assay. The anti-inflammatory activities were investigated through the inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase- (COX-) 2 mRNA expression, and iNOS protein expression using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay and immunoblotting analysis, respectively. The inhibition of nitric oxide production of the MSE was also investigated using the Griess reaction assay. The MSE concentration ranging from 10 to 40 µg/ml yielded cell viability higher than 80%. The MSE at concentrations of 20 and 40 µg/ml demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibition of nitric oxide production via suppression of both the iNOS mRNA and protein. It was also found to inhibit the expression of COX-2 mRNA in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. This study is the first to report the anti-inflammatory potential of the extract prepared from the stem of mulberry.
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Sun H, Cai W, Wang X, Liu Y, Hou B, Zhu X, Qiu L. Vaccaria hypaphorine alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation via inactivation of NFκB and ERK pathways in Raw 264.7 cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:120. [PMID: 28219355 PMCID: PMC5319035 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1635-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of macrophage is involved in many inflammation diseases. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a powerful inflammatory signal contributing to monocytes/macrophages activation associated with increased proinflammatory cytokines expressions. We recently identified that vaccarin was expected to protect endothelial cells from injury. Hypaphorine was abundantly found in vaccaria semen. However, the potential roles and underlying mechanisms of vaccaria hypaphorine on macrophage inflammation have been poorly defined. METHODS This study was designed to determine the effects of vaccaria hypaphorine on LPS-mediated inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells. RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated that vaccaria hypaphorine dramatically ameliorated LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) release and productions of proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in RAW 264.7 cells. LPS-stimulated expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were down-regulated by vaccaria hypaphorine. Furthermore, vaccaria hypaphorine retarded LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK, nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB), NFκB inhibitor IκBα, and IKKβ. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that vaccaria hypaphorine eliminated the nuclear translocation of NFκB in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. CONCLUSION It was seen that vaccaria hypaphorine counteracted inflammation via inhibition of ERK or/and NFκB signaling pathways. Collectively, we concluded that vaccaria hypaphorine can be served as an anti-inflammatory candidate.
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Park GS, Kim JK, Kim JH. Anti-inflammatory action of ethanolic extract of Ramulus mori on the BLT2-linked cascade. BMB Rep 2017; 49:232-7. [PMID: 26879317 PMCID: PMC4915243 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2016.49.4.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mulberry tree twigs (Ramulus mori) contain large amounts of oxyresveratrols and have traditionally been used as herbal medicines because of their anti-inflammatory properties. However, the signaling mechanism by which R. mori exerts its anti-inflammatory action remains to be elucidated. In this study, we observed that R. mori ethanol extracts (RME) exerted an inhibitory effect on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) in Raw264.7 macrophage cells. Additionally, RME inhibited IL-6 production by blocking the leukotriene B4 receptor-2 (BLT2)-dependent-NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1)-reactive oxygen species (ROS) cascade, leading to anti-inflammatory activity. Finally, RME suppressed the production of the BLT2 ligands LTB4 and 12(S)-HETE by inhibiting the p38 kinase-cytosolic phospholipase A2-5-/12-lipoxygenase cascade in LPS-stimulated Raw264.7 cells. Overall, our results suggest that RME inhibits the ‘BLT2 ligand-BLT2’-linked autocrine inflammatory axis, and that this BLT2-linked cascade is one of the targets of the anti-inflammatory action of R. mori. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(4): 232-237]
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun-Soo Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jeong-Keun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Korea Polytechnic University, Shihung 15073, Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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