1
|
Yu Q, Koda S, Xu N, Li J, Wang JL, Liu M, Liu JX, Zhang Y, Yang HM, Zhang BB, Li XY, Li XC, Tang RX, Zheng KY, Yan C. CsHscB Derived from a Liver Fluke Clonorchis sinensis Ameliorates Cholestatic Hepatic Fibrosis in a Mouse Model of Sclerosing Cholangitis. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:505-515. [PMID: 37076961 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230418111949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease characterized by inflammatory fibrosis usually involving the whole biliary tree. However, there are very limited treatment options to treat this disease. Our previous study found a lipid-protein rCsHscB from a liver fluke - Clonorchis sinensis, which had full capacities of immune regulation. Therefore, we investigated the role of rCsHscB in a mouse model of sclerosing cholangitis induced by xenobiotic 3,5- diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) to explore whether this protein had potential therapeutic value for PSC. METHODS Mice were fed 0.1% DDC for 4 weeks and treated with CsHscB (30 μg/mouse, intraperitoneal injection, once every 3 days); the control group was given an equal amount of PBS or CsHscB under normal diet conditions. All the mice were sacrificed at 4 weeks for the evaluation of biliary proliferation, fibrosis, and inflammation. RESULTS rCsHscB treatment attenuated DDC-induced liver congestion and enlargement and significantly decreased the upregulation of serum AST and ALT levels. The administration of rCsHscB to DDC-fed mice significantly decreased cholangiocyte proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production compared to mice fed with DDC alone. Also, rCsHscB treatment showed a decreased expression of α-SMA in the liver and other markers of liver fibrosis (Masson staining, Hydroxyproline content, and collagen deposit). More interestingly, DDC-fed mice treated with rCsHscB showed a significant up-regulation of PPAR-γ expression, which was similar to control mice, indicating the involvement of PPAR-γ signaling in the protective action of rCsHscB. CONCLUSION Overall, our data show that rCsHscB attenuates the progression of cholestatic fibrosis induced by DDC and supports the potential for manipulating the parasite-derived molecule to treat certain immune-mediated disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Stephane Koda
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Xu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ling Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Xin Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Min Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei-Bei Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Yang Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Cui Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Xian Tang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui-Yang Zheng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pistol GC, Pertea AM, Taranu I. The Use of Fruit and Vegetable by-Products as Enhancers of Health Status of Piglets after Weaning: The Role of Bioactive Compounds from Apple and Carrot Industrial Wastes. Vet Sci 2023; 11:15. [PMID: 38250921 PMCID: PMC10820549 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
At weaning, piglets are exposed to a large variety of stressors, from environmental/behavioral factors to nutritional stress. Weaning transition affects the gastrointestinal tract especially, resulting in specific disturbances at the level of intestinal morphology, barrier function and integrity, mucosal immunity and gut microbiota. All these alterations are associated with intestinal inflammation, oxidative stress and perturbation of intracellular signaling pathways. The nutritional management of the weaning period aims to achieve the reinforcement of intestinal integrity and functioning to positively modulate the intestinal immunity and that of the gut microbiota and to enhance the health status of piglets. That is why the current research is focused on the raw materials rich in phytochemicals which could positively modulate animal health. The composition analysis of fruit, vegetable and their by-products showed that identified phytochemicals could act as bioactive compounds, which can be used as modulators of weaning-induced disturbances in piglets. This review describes nutritional studies which investigated the effects of bioactive compounds derived from fruit (apple) and vegetables (carrot) or their by-products on the intestinal architecture and function, inflammatory processes and oxidative stress at the intestinal level. Data on the associated signaling pathways and on the microbiota modulation by bioactive compounds from these by-products are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gina Cecilia Pistol
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, INCDBNA-IBNA, National Research—Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition, 077015 Balotesti, Ilfov, Romania; (A.-M.P.); (I.T.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Interdonato L, Ferrario G, Cordaro M, D'Amico R, Siracusa R, Fusco R, Impellizzeri D, Cuzzocrea S, Aldini G, Di Paola R. Targeting Nrf2 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways in Inflammatory Pain: The Role of Polyphenols from Thinned Apples. Molecules 2023; 28:5376. [PMID: 37513248 PMCID: PMC10385557 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet can modulate the different stages of inflammation due to the presence of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols. Apples are a great source of phenolic compounds that show anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and these might be used as a dietary supplement and/or functional element in the treatment of chronic inflammatory illnesses. The aim of our study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions of thinned apple polyphenol (TAP) extracts in a model of paw edema. The experimental model was induced in rats via subplantar injections of 1% λ-Carrageenan (CAR) in the right hind leg, and TAP extract was administered via oral gavage 30 min before and 1 h after the CAR injection at doses of 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, respectively. The inflammatory response is usually quantified by the increase in the size of the paw (edema), which is maximal about 5 h after the injection of CAR. CAR-induced inflammation generates the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, the inflammatory state induces the pain that involves the peripheral nociceptors, but above all it acts centrally at the level of the spinal cord. Our results showed that the TAP extracts reduced paw histological changes, neutrophil infiltration, mast cell degranulation, and oxidative stress. Additionally, the oral administration of TAP extracts decreased thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia, along with a reduction in spinal microglia and the markers of nociception. In conclusion, we demonstrate that TAP extract is able to modulate inflammatory, oxidative, and painful processes, and is also useful in the treatment of the symptoms associated with paw edema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livia Interdonato
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giulio Ferrario
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Ramona D'Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Targeting Nrf2 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways in Cancer Prevention: The Role of Apple Phytochemicals. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031356. [PMID: 36771023 PMCID: PMC9919881 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites, known as phytochemicals, have recently gained much attention in light of the "circular economy", to reutilize waste products deriving from agriculture and food industry. Phytochemicals are known for their onco-preventive and chemoprotective effects, among several other beneficial properties. Apple phytochemicals have been extensively studied for their effectiveness in a wide range of diseases, cancer included. This review aims to provide a thorough overview of the main studies reported in the literature concerning apple phytochemicals, mostly polyphenols, in cancer prevention. Although there are many different mechanisms targeted by phytochemicals, the Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathways are the ones this review will be focused on, highlighting also the existing crosstalk between these two systems.
Collapse
|
5
|
Agri-Food Waste from Apple, Pear, and Sugar Beet as a Source of Protective Bioactive Molecules for Endothelial Dysfunction and Its Major Complications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091786. [PMID: 36139860 PMCID: PMC9495678 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial damage is recognized as the initial step that precedes several cardiovascular diseases (CVD), such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and coronary artery disease. It has been demonstrated that the best treatment for CVD is prevention, and, in the frame of a healthy lifestyle, the consumption of vegetables, rich in bioactive molecules, appears effective at reducing the risk of CVD. In this context, the large amount of agri-food industry waste, considered a global problem due to its environmental and economic impact, represents an unexplored source of bioactive compounds. This review provides a summary regarding the possible exploitation of waste or by-products derived by the processing of three traditional Italian crops-apple, pear, and sugar beet-as a source of bioactive molecules to protect endothelial function. Particular attention has been given to the bioactive chemical profile of these pomaces and their efficacy in various pathological conditions related to endothelial dysfunction. The waste matrices of apple, pear, and sugar beet crops can represent promising starting material for producing "upcycled" products with functional applications, such as the prevention of endothelial dysfunction linked to cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
|
6
|
Polyphenols from Thinned Young Apples: HPLC-HRMS Profile and Evaluation of Their Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities by Proteomic Studies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081577. [PMID: 36009298 PMCID: PMC9405250 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The qualitative profile of thinned apple polyphenols (TAP) fraction (≈24% of polyphenols) obtained by purification through absorbent resin was fully investigated by LC-HRMS in positive and negative ion mode and using ESI source. A total of 68 polyphenols were identified belonging to six different classes: flavanols, flavonols, dihydrochalchones, flavanones, flavones and organic and phenolic acids. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were then investigated in cell models with gene reporter for NRF2 and NF-κB and by quantitative proteomic (label-free and SILAC) approaches. TAP dose-dependently activated NRF2 and in the same concentration range (10–250 µg/mL) inhibited NF-κB nuclear translocation induced by TNF-α and IL-1α as pro-inflammatory promoters. Proteomic studies elucidated the molecular pathways evoked by TAP treatment: activation of the NRF2 signaling pathway, which in turn up-regulates protective oxidoreductases and their nucleophilic substrates such as GSH and NADPH, the latter resulting from the up-regulation of the pentose phosphate pathway. The increase in the enzymatic antioxidant cellular activity together with the up-regulation of the heme-oxygenase would explain the anti-inflammatory effect of TAP. The results suggest that thinned apples can be considered as a valuable source of apple polyphenols to be used in health care products to prevent/treat oxidative and inflammatory chronic conditions.
Collapse
|
7
|
Kobayashi M, Harada S, Fujimoto N, Nomura Y. Apple polyphenols exhibits chondroprotective changes of synovium and prevents knee osteoarthritis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 614:120-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
8
|
Huang T, Che Q, Chen X, Chen D, Yu B, He J, Chen H, Yan H, Zheng P, Luo Y, Huang Z. Apple Polyphenols Improve Intestinal Antioxidant Capacity and Barrier Function by Activating the Nrf2/Keap1 Signaling Pathway in a Pig Model. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:7576-7585. [PMID: 35679090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the function of plant polyphenols to improve the intestinal barrier has been fully demonstrated. However, the exact mechanisms linking plant polyphenols with the intestinal barrier function have not yet been established. Apple polyphenols (APs) are safe and healthy nutrients, which are extracted from apples and their byproducts. Using pig and IPEC-J2 cell models, this study investigated the effects of dietary AP supplementation on intestinal antioxidant capacity and barrier function. Then, we further explored the role of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway in maintaining intestinal antioxidant capacity and barrier function. Our study found that dietary AP supplementation improved the intestinal mechanical barrier by promoting the intestinal morphology and intestinal tight junction protein expression, improved the intestinal immune barrier by increasing intestinal secretory immunoglobulin A production, and improved the intestinal biological barrier by increasing probiotics and decreasing the Escherichia coli population. Further research found that dietary AP supplementation increased the intestinal antioxidant capacity and activated the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway. Finally, after treatment with Nrf2-specific inhibitor ML-385, the upregulation effect of APs on antioxidant capacity and tight junction protein expression was reduced in IPEC-J2 cells. Our results suggested that APs promoted intestinal antioxidant capacity and barrier function via the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tengteng Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Qiangjun Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Raj D, Sharma V, Upadhyaya A, Kumar N, Joshi R, Acharya V, Kumar D, Patial V. Swertia purpurascens Wall ethanolic extract mitigates hepatic fibrosis and restores hepatic hepcidin levels via inhibition of TGFβ/SMAD/NFκB signaling in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 284:114741. [PMID: 34699946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Swertia purpurascens Wall belongs to a well-known genus in traditional systems of medicine worldwide. In folklore, it is used to treat various ailments, including hepatic disorders, as an alternative to the endangered species Swertia chirayita. However, the therapeutic potential of Swertia purpurascens Wall against hepatic fibrosis has not been validated yet. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was planned to evaluate the efficacy of the Swertia purpurascens Wall extract (SPE) against hepatic fibrosis and elucidate the underlying mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS The metabolite profiling of the SPE was done using UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. The acute oral toxicity study of SPE at 2 g/kg BW dose was done in rats. Further, the liver fibrosis was induced by the CCl4 intoxication, and the efficacy of SPE at three doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg BW) was evaluated by studying biochemical parameters, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, western blotting and in silico analysis. RESULTS UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of a total of 23 compounds in SPE. Acute oral toxicity study of SPE at 2 g/kg BW showed no harmful effects in rats. Further, the liver fibrosis was induced by the CCl4 administration, and the efficacy of SPE was evaluated at three doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg BW). SPE treatment significantly improved the body weight gain, the relative liver weight, serum liver injury markers and endogenous antioxidant enzyme levels in the CCl4-treated rats. SPE also recovered the altered liver histology and effectively reduced the fibrotic tissue deposition in the hepatic parenchyma. Further, SPE significantly inhibited the fibrotic (TGFβ, αSMA, SMADs and Col1A), proinflammatory markers (NFκB, TNFα and IL1β) and apoptosis in the liver tissue. Interestingly, SPE treatment also restored the altered hepcidin levels in the liver tissue. In silico study revealed the potential of various metabolites as drug candidates and their interaction with target proteins. CONCLUSION Altogether, SPE showed its therapeutic potential against CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis by restoring the hepatic hepcidin levels and inhibiting TGFβ/SMAD/NFκB signaling in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Desh Raj
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, H.P, India; PG Department of Dravyaguna, Rajiv Gandhi Govt. Post Graduate Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Paprola, 176115, H.P, India
| | - Vinesh Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, H.P, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research AcSIR, Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India
| | - Ashwani Upadhyaya
- PG Department of Dravyaguna, Rajiv Gandhi Govt. Post Graduate Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Paprola, 176115, H.P, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, H.P, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research AcSIR, Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India
| | - Robin Joshi
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, H.P, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research AcSIR, Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India
| | - Vishal Acharya
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, H.P, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research AcSIR, Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, H.P, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research AcSIR, Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India
| | - Vikram Patial
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, H.P, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research AcSIR, Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ren Y, Sun-Waterhouse D, Ouyang F, Tan X, Li D, Xu L, Li B, Wang Y, Li F. Apple phenolic extract ameliorates lead-induced cognitive impairment, depression- and anxiety-like behavior in mice through abating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis via miR-22-3p/SIRT1 axis. Food Funct 2022; 13:2647-2661. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03750a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lead can lead to neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment. In this study, for the first time, the protective effects and working mechanisms of apple phenolic extract (APE) against lead acetate (Pb(Ac)2)-induced...
Collapse
|
11
|
Rahman ZU, Al Kury LT, Alattar A, Tan Z, Alshaman R, Malik I, Badshah H, Uddin Z, Khan Khalil AA, Muhammad N, Khan S, Ali A, Shah FA, Li JB, Li S. Carveol a Naturally-Derived Potent and Emerging Nrf2 Activator Protects Against Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:621538. [PMID: 33597885 PMCID: PMC7883019 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.621538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (N-acetyl p-aminophenol or APAP) is used worldwide for its antipyretic and anti-inflammatory potential. However, APAP overdose sometimes causes severe liver damage. In this study, we elucidated the protective effects of carveol in liver injury, using molecular and in silico approaches. Male BALB/c mice were divided into two experimental cohorts, to identify the best dose and to further assess the role of carveol in the nuclear factor E2-related factor; nuclear factor erythroid 2; p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. The results demonstrated that carveol significantly modulated the detrimental effects of APAP by boosting endogenous antioxidant mechanisms, such as nuclear translocation of Nrf2 gene, a master regulator of the downstream antioxidant machinery. Furthermore, an inhibitor of Nrf2, called all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), was used, which exaggerated APAP toxicity, in addition to abrogating the protective effects of carveol; this effect was accompanied by overexpression of inflammatory mediators and liver = 2ltoxicity biomarkers. To further support our notion, we performed virtual docking of carveol with Nrf2-keap1 target, and the resultant drug-protein interactions validated the in vivo findings. Together, our findings suggest that carveol could activate the endogenous master antioxidant Nrf2, which further regulates the expression of downstream antioxidants, eventually ameliorating the APAP-induced inflammation and oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaif Ur Rahman
- Shenzhen University Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Health Management Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Lina Tariq Al Kury
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdullah Alattar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhen Tan
- Shenzhen University Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Health Management Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Reem Alshaman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Malik
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Badshah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Zia Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Atif Ali Khan Khalil
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Muhammad
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Saifullah Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Abasyn University Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jing Bo Li
- Shenzhen University Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Health Management Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shupeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Malus domestica: A Review on Nutritional Features, Chemical Composition, Traditional and Medicinal Value. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111408. [PMID: 33105724 PMCID: PMC7690411 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Fruit-derived bioactive substances have been spotlighted as a regulator against various diseases due to their fewer side effects compared to chemical drugs. Among the most frequently consumed fruits, apple is a rich source of nutritional molecules and contains high levels of bioactive compounds. The main structural classes of apple constituents include polyphenols, polysaccharides (pectin), phytosterols, and pentacyclic triterpenes. Also, vitamins and trace elements complete the nutritional features of apple fruit. There is now considerable scientific evidence that these bioactive substances present in apple and peel have the potential to improve human health, for example contributing to preventing cardiovascular disease, diabetes, inflammation, and cancer. This review will focus on the current knowledge of bioactive substances in apple and their medicinal value for human health.
Collapse
|
13
|
Li D, Cui Y, Wang X, Liu F, Li X. Apple polyphenol extract alleviates lipid accumulation in free-fatty-acid-exposed HepG2 cells via activating autophagy mediated by SIRT1/AMPK signaling. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1416-1431. [PMID: 33037751 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Defective degradation of intracellular lipids induced by autophagy is causally linked to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Natural agents that can restore autophagy could therefore have the potentials for clinical applications for this public health issue. Herein, we investigated the effects of apple polyphenol extract (APE) on fatty acid-induced lipids depositions in HepG2 cells. APE treatment alleviated palmitic acid and oleic acid-induced intracellular lipid accumulation, concomitant with the increased autophagy, restored lysosomal acidification, inhibited lipid synthesis and slight promotion of fatty acid oxidation. Mechanistically, APE up-regulated the expression of SIRT1, activated LKB1/AMPK pathway and inhibited mTOR signaling. Over-expressed or knock-down SIRT1 positively regulated AMPK and ATG7 expressions. SIRT1 and ATG7 knock-down impaired APE induction of improved lipid accumulation, increased intracellular TG content. Thus, APE induction of autophagy to ameliorate fatty acid-induced lipid deposition is SIRT1 dependent, APE conserved preventive potentials for clinical hepatosteatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deming Li
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan Cui
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinjing Wang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinli Li
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yi R, Chen X, Li W, Mu J, Tan F, Zhao X. Preventive effect of insect tea primary leaf ( Malus sieboldii (Regal) Rehd.) extract on D-galactose-induced oxidative damage in mice. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:5160-5171. [PMID: 32994976 PMCID: PMC7500765 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect tea is consumed as a health beverage in China. The insect tea primary leaf (ITPL) is rich in bioactive substances, which are also used as traditional Chinese medicine. This study investigated the role of ITPL in reducing the oxidative response induced by D-galactose in mice. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with D-galactose to induce oxidative damage. The effect of ITPL was tested by pathological observation, serum detection with kits, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot. The experimental results show that ITPL increased the thymus, brain, heart, liver, spleen, and kidney indices of oxidized mice. ITPL increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione levels and reduced nitric oxide and malondialdehyde levels in the serum, liver, and spleen in oxidative damaged mice. The pathological observations show that ITPL reduced the oxidative damage of the liver and spleen in mice induced with D-galactose. Simultaneously, ITPL upregulated mRNA expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, cuprozinc-superoxide dismutase, manganese superoxide dismutase, catalase, heme oxygenase-1, nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1, and downregulated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the liver and spleen of oxidized mice. ITPL had beneficial preventive effects on the oxidative damage caused by D-galactose in mice and was more effective as an antioxidant than vitamin C. The component analysis test by high-performance liquid chromatography indicated that ITPL contained the following seven compounds: neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, rutin, kaempferin, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid A, and hesperidin. ITPL is a plant with excellent antioxidant activities derived from its bioactive substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruokun Yi
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional FoodChongqing University of EducationChongqingChina
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional FoodChongqing University of EducationChongqingChina
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional FoodChongqing University of EducationChongqingChina
| | - Xi Chen
- Intensive Care UnitThe First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New AreaChongqingChina
| | - Wenfeng Li
- School of Life Science and BiotechnologyYangtze Normal UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jianfei Mu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional FoodChongqing University of EducationChongqingChina
- Intensive Care UnitThe First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New AreaChongqingChina
| | - Fang Tan
- Department of Public HealthOur Lady of Fatima UniversityValenzuelaPhilippines
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional FoodChongqing University of EducationChongqingChina
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional FoodChongqing University of EducationChongqingChina
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional FoodChongqing University of EducationChongqingChina
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tafere GG, Tuem KB, Gebre AK, Balasubramaniam R. In vitro Antioxidant and in vivo Hepatoprotective Activities of Root Bark Extract and Solvent Fractions of Croton macrostachyus Hochst. Ex Del. ( Euphorbiaceae) on Paracetamol-Induced Liver Damage in Mice. J Exp Pharmacol 2020; 12:301-311. [PMID: 32982486 PMCID: PMC7493212 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s259081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liver disease is a major public health threat, particularly in developing countries. Several medicinal plants and formulations have been claimed to have liver protective activities. The present study aimed to evaluate in vitro antioxidant and in vivo hepatoprotective activities of root bark extracts of Croton macrostachyus (Euphorbiaceae). Methods Free radical scavenging activity of crude extract and solvent fractions of the plant was conducted using the DPPH assay method. Hepatoprotective activities of the crude extract and solvent fractions of the plant were carried out based on paracetamol-induced liver damage in mice. Serum biomarkers (AST, ALT, ALP, total bilirubin and total protein) were assessed to find out the effect. Histopathological examination was also carried out for all groups of mice to further confirm the findings. Results Antioxidant assay revealed that the crude extract, aqueous fraction and chloroform fraction of Croton macrostachyus exhibited free radical scavenging activity with IC50 values of 128.6, 168.9, and 406 µg/mL, respectively. Pretreatment of the mice with the crude extract and solvent fractions of Croton macrostachyus significantly reduced ALP (p<0.001), ALT (p<0.001), and AST (p<0.001) levels at all the administered doses compared to the toxic group. The crude extract and chloroform fraction decreased total bilirubin level at doses of 200 mg/kg (P<0.05) and 400 mg/kg (P<0.001). Pretreatment of the mice with 400 mg/kg of the crude extract and aqueous fraction elevated total protein value compared to the paracetamol treated group (P<0.05). The hepatoprotective activities of the plant extracts were confirmed by histopathological studies. Conclusion From this study, it can be concluded that the crude extract and solvent fractions of Croton macrostachyus demonstrated antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gebrehiwot Gebremedhin Tafere
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Kald Beshir Tuem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Abadi Kahsu Gebre
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Rajkapoor Balasubramaniam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.,Department of Pharmacology, JKK Nattraja College of Pharmacy, Komarapalayam 638 183, Tamilnadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chhimwal J, Sharma S, Kulurkar P, Patial V. Crocin attenuates CCl 4-induced liver fibrosis via PPAR-γ mediated modulation of inflammation and fibrogenesis in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:1639-1649. [PMID: 32633567 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120937048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis is a chronic pathological condition with a leading cause of liver-related mortality worldwide. In the present study, we have evaluated the antifibrotic effect of crocin, a carotenoid present in the stigma of Crocus sativus, and also explored its putative mechanism of action. METHODS Liver fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal administration of 30% carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The crocin was administered orally at 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg body weight along with CCl4 up to 8 weeks. RESULTS Chronic exposure to CCl4 resulted in elevated levels of liver enzymes and reduced cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) activity in the liver. The liver tissue showed cellular swelling, vacuolization, necrosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells and fibrotic changes. The crocin treatment significantly lowered the levels of liver enzymes in serum and improved the liver CYP2E1 mRNA levels. The pathological changes in the liver were also lowered by crocin treatment. The level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, nuclear factor-kappa B, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor α and fibrogenic factor, transforming growth factor β, and α-smooth muscle actin were elevated by the CCl4 in the liver tissue. However, crocin treatment at different doses significantly reduced the expression of these factors. The increased caspase 3/7 activity was also lowered by crocin. CCl4 administration decreased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) in liver tissue. The improved PPAR-γ expression in the liver by crocin treatment indicates its role in the therapeutic effect of crocin. CONCLUSIONS Crocin attenuated the various events in the progression of liver fibrosis via PPAR-γ mediated modulation of inflammatory and fibrogenic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Chhimwal
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Food and Nutraceuticals Division, 29065CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 29065CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur (Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - S Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Food and Nutraceuticals Division, 29065CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 29065CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur (Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - P Kulurkar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Food and Nutraceuticals Division, 29065CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - V Patial
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Food and Nutraceuticals Division, 29065CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 29065CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur (Himachal Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Su W, Zhang C, Chen F, Sui J, Lu J, Wang Q, Shan Q, Zheng G, Lu J, Sun C, Fan S, Wu D, Zhang Z, Zheng Y. Purple sweet potato color protects against hepatocyte apoptosis through Sirt1 activation in high-fat-diet-treated mice. Food Nutr Res 2020; 64:1509. [PMID: 32110174 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v64.1509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent evidence indicates that the inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis is possible to develop a potential therapeutic strategy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our previous work suggested that purple sweet potato color (PSPC), a class of naturally occurring anthocyanins, effectively improved many features of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD. However, whether PSPC ameliorates HFD-induced hepatocyte apoptosis has never been investigated. Objective Here we investigated the effects of PSPC on HFD-induced hepatic apoptosis and the mechanisms underlying these effects. Design Mice were divided into four groups: Control group, HFD group, HFD + PSPC group and PSPC group. PSPC was administered by daily oral gavage at doses of 700 mg/kg/day for 20 weeks. EX-527 (a SirT1-selective inhibitor) and Sirt1 siRNA were used to demonstrate the Sirt1 dependence of PSPC-mediated effects on apoptotic and survival signaling pathways in vivo and in vitro. Results Our results showed that PSPC reduced body weights, hepatic triglyceride contents, histopathological lesions and serum ALT levels in a mouse model of NAFLD induced by HFD. Furthermore, PSPC attenuated HFD-induced hepatocyte apoptosis ratio from 7.27 ± 0.92% to 1.79 ± 0.27% in mouse livers, which is insignificant compared with that of controls. Moreover, PSPC activated Sirt1 by boosting NAD+ level in HFD-treated mouse livers. Furthermore, PSPC promoted Sirt1-dependent suppression of P53-mediated apoptotic signaling and activation of Akt survival signaling pathway in HFD-treated mouse livers, which was confirmed by EX527 treatment. Moreover, Sirt1 knockdown abolished these ameliorative effects of PSPC on apoptosis and P53 acetylation and protein expression in PA-treated L02 cells. Ultimately, PSPC reduced Caspase-3 activation and Bax level, and elevated the Bcl-2 level in HFD-treated mouse livers. Conclusion PSPC protected against HFD-induced hepatic apoptosis by promoting Sirt1- dependent inhibition of p53-apoptotic pathway and facilitation of Akt survival pathway. This study indicates that PSPC is a candidate for nutritional intervention of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weitong Su
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Junwen Sui
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Qun Shan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Guihong Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Sun
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Shaohua Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Zifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Yuanlin Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhu K, Zeng X, Tan F, Li W, Li C, Song Y, Zhao X. Effect of insect tea on D-galactose-induced oxidation in mice and its mechanisms. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:4105-4115. [PMID: 31890190 PMCID: PMC6924339 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect tea is a traditional Chinese drink that contains abundant bioactive substances. In this study, the preventive effect of Insect tea on D-galactose-induced oxidation in mice was studied. The serum, liver, and spleen of mice were measured by biochemical and molecular biological methods, which showed that Insect tea could increase the biochemical indexes of the thymus, brain, heart, liver, spleen, and kidney in mice with induced oxidative damage. Insect tea can increase the levels of SOD (superoxide dismutase), GSH-Px (glutathione peroxidase), and GSH (glutathione) and decrease the levels of MDA (malondialdehyde) in the serum, liver, and spleen of mice with oxidative damage. Pathological observation also confirmed that Insect tea could inhibit oxidative damage of the liver and spleen tissue caused by D-galactose in mice. Further molecular biological experiments also showed that Insect tea could upregulate the mRNA and protein expression of Cu/Zn-SOD (cuprozinc-superoxide dismutase), Mn-SOD (manganese superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1), Nrf2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2), γ-GCS (γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase), and NQO1 (NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1) in the liver and spleen of oxidized mice. Insect tea has a good preventive effect on D-galactose-induced oxidation in mice, and the effect is better than vitamin C, an antioxidant. Insect tea is rich in isochlorogenic acid A, quercetin, rutin, hesperidin, neochlorogenic acid, and cryptochlorogenic acid. The combination of these bioactive substances has good antioxidant effects. Thus, Insect tea is a functional food with a good antioxidant effect that has value for future development and utilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional FoodChongqing University of EducationChongqingChina
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional FoodChongqing University of EducationChongqingChina
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional FoodChongqing University of EducationChongqingChina
| | - Xiaofei Zeng
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical CollegeChengduChina
| | - Fang Tan
- Department of Public HealthOur Lady of Fatima UniversityValenzuelaPhilippines
| | - Wenfeng Li
- School of Life Science and BiotechnologyYangtze Normal UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Chong Li
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional FoodChongqing University of EducationChongqingChina
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional FoodChongqing University of EducationChongqingChina
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional FoodChongqing University of EducationChongqingChina
| | - Yaru Song
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional FoodChongqing University of EducationChongqingChina
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional FoodChongqing University of EducationChongqingChina
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional FoodChongqing University of EducationChongqingChina
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional FoodChongqing University of EducationChongqingChina
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Guo H, Kuang Z, Zhang J, Zhao X, Pu P, Yan J. The preventive effect of Apocynum venetum polyphenols on D-galactose-induced oxidative stress in mice. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:557-568. [PMID: 31897099 PMCID: PMC6923744 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Apocynum venetum is a traditional medicine that is rich in polyphenols. Apocynum venetum polyphenol extract (AVP) contains the active substances neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, isoquercitrin, astragaloside and rosmarinic acid. In the present study, the preventive effect of AVP against D-galactose-induced oxidative stress was studied in a mouse model. The sera, skin, livers and spleens of mice were examined using hematoxylin and eosin staining, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis. The biochemical results showed that AVP improved the thymus, brain, heart, liver, spleen and kidney indices in a mouse model of oxidative stress. AVP was also able to reverse the reduction in levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase and glutathione, and increased the levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde identified in the serum, liver, spleen and brain of mice exposed to oxidative stress. Pathological observations confirmed that AVP could inhibit oxidative damage to the skin, liver and spleen of mice caused by D-galactose. Further molecular biological experiments also demonstrated that AVP increased the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, catalase, heme oxygenase-1, nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 and reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the liver and spleen of treated mice compared to controls. Notably, the preventive effect of AVP against D-galactose-induced oxidative damage in mice was better than that of the confirmed antioxidant vitamin C. In conclusion, AVP exhibited an antioxidant effect and the AVP-rich Apocynum venetum may be considered a plant resource with potential antioxidative benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Guo
- The First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400021, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Kuang
- The First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400021, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Environment and Quality Inspection College, Chongqing Chemical Industry Vocational College, Chongqing 401228, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
| | - Ping Pu
- The First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400021, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Yan
- Department of Internal Medicine-Neurology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400021, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ruiz-Canizales J, Domínguez-Avila JA, Wall-Medrano A, Ayala-Zavala JF, González-Córdova AF, Vallejo-Córdoba B, Salazar-López NJ, González-Aguilar GA. Fiber and phenolic compounds contribution to the hepatoprotective effects of mango diets in rats fed high cholesterol/sodium cholate. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2996-3007. [PMID: 31418509 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the contribution of mango fiber (MF) and mango phenolic compounds (MP) to the hepatoprotective effect of freeze-dried mango pulp (FDM) cultivar (cv.) "Ataulfo" diets in high cholesterol/sodium cholate (HCC)-fed rats. Male Wistar rats were fed with a HCC diet for 12 weeks, either untreated, or supplemented with MF, MP, FDM, or a control diet (no HCC; n = 6/group). All mango treatments significantly decreased hepatic cholesterol deposition and altered its fatty acid profile, whereas MF and MP mitigated adipose tissue hypertrophy. MF caused a lower level of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1α/β, IFN-γ, TNF-α) whereas FDM increased the anti-inflammatory ones (IL-4, 6, 10). Mango treatments increased catalase (CAT) activity and its mRNA expression; superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was normalized by MF and FDM, but its activity was unrelated to its hepatic mRNA expression. Changes in CAT and SOD mRNA expression were unrelated to altered Nrf2 mRNA expression. Higher hepatic PPARα and LXRα mRNA levels were found in MP and MF. We concluded that MF and MP are highly bioactive, according to the documented hepatoprotection in HCC-fed rats; their mechanism of action appears to be related to modulating cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism as well as to stimulating the endogenous antioxidant system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ruiz-Canizales
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Hermosillo, México
| | | | - Abraham Wall-Medrano
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, México
| | - J Fernando Ayala-Zavala
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Hermosillo, México
| | - Aarón F González-Córdova
- Coordinación de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Hermosillo, México
| | - Belinda Vallejo-Córdoba
- Coordinación de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Hermosillo, México
| | | | - Gustavo A González-Aguilar
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Hermosillo, México
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Parathodi Illam S, Hussain A, Elizabeth A, Narayanankutty A, Raghavamenon AC. Natural combination of phenolic glycosides from fruits resists pro-oxidant insults to colon cells and enhances intrinsic antioxidant status in mice. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:703-711. [PMID: 31372348 PMCID: PMC6661281 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A combination of fresh fruits adequately supplying required nutrients is likely to have better health benefits by virtue of the synergistic/additive effect of its natural constituents. With this view and aiming to obtain phenolic glycosides in combination, fresh apple, grape, orange, pomegranate, and sapota fruit juices were combined and lyophilized. An aqueous extract of this fruit combination (AEFC) had polyphenols as a major constituent (47.36 μg GAE/mL) and LC–MS analysis documented the presence of cyanidin and pallidol 3-O-glucosides, phloridzin, delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-pentoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, trans-caffeic acid. Corroborating this, AEFC exhibited significant DPPH and superoxide radical scavenging activities (IC50values 43.63 and 49.01 μg/mL) and protected colon epithelial cells (HCT-15) against H2O2 and AAPH induced cell death by 40 and 72.62% and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) induced GSH depletion by 52.43%. In normal Swiss albino mice, administration of AEFC for over 30 days improved hepatic and renal GPx, SOD, and catalase activities and GSH levels. The study thus suggests the combinatorial effects of natural phenolic glycosides from fruits in resisting oxidative insults and associated disease pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashif Hussain
- Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar, Thrissur, 680 555 Kerala, India
| | - Anu Elizabeth
- Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar, Thrissur, 680 555 Kerala, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Preventive Effect of Small-Leaved Kuding Tea ( Ligustrum robustum (Roxb.) Bl.) Polyphenols on D-Galactose-Induced Oxidative Stress and Aging in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:3152324. [PMID: 31239856 PMCID: PMC6556317 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3152324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Small-leaved Kuding tea is a traditional Chinese tea that is rich in polyphenols. In the current study, we investigated the preventive effect of small-leaved Kuding tea (SLKDT) on D-galactose-induced oxidative aging in mice. Changes in serum, skin, liver, and spleen of experimental animals were determined using biochemical and molecular biology techniques. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that polyphenol extract of SLKDT (PSLKDT) improved the indices of the thymus, brain, heart, liver, spleen, and kidney function in model mice. PSLKDT prevented a decrease in the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and glutathione (GSH) as well as an increase in nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum, liver, and spleen. Pathological assessment also showed that PSLKDT reduced oxidative damage induced by D-galactose in skin, liver, and spleen. We further found that PSLKDT upregulated neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, catalase (CAT), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), nuclear factor (nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS), and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 (NQO1) mRNA expression and downregulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression. Protein levels of SOD1 (Cu/Zn-SOD), SOD2 (Mn-SOD), CAT, GSH1 (γ-glutamate-cysteine ligase), and GSH2 (glutathione synthetase) in the liver and spleen were also increased by PSLKDT treatment. Collectively, these results indicate that PSLKDT is effective in preventing D-galactose-induced oxidative aging in mice, and its efficacy is significantly higher than antioxidant vitamin C. Because PSLKDT is a potent antioxidant and antiaging polyphenol, Kuding tea rich in PSLKDT should be considered an ideal drink with antioxidative and antiaging effects.
Collapse
|
23
|
De Silva SF, Alcorn J. Flaxseed Lignans as Important Dietary Polyphenols for Cancer Prevention and Treatment: Chemistry, Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Targets. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:E68. [PMID: 31060335 PMCID: PMC6630319 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer causes considerable morbidity and mortality across the world. Socioeconomic, environmental, and lifestyle factors contribute to the increasing cancer prevalence, bespeaking a need for effective prevention and treatment strategies. Phytochemicals like plant polyphenols are generally considered to have anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory effects, which explain their promotion for human health. The past several decades have contributed to a growing evidence base in the literature that demonstrate ability of polyphenols to modulate multiple targets of carcinogenesis linking models of cancer characteristics (i.e., hallmarks and nutraceutical-based targeting of cancer) via direct or indirect interaction or modulation of cellular and molecular targets. This evidence is particularly relevant for the lignans, an ubiquitous, important class of dietary polyphenols present in high levels in food sources such as flaxseed. Literature evidence on lignans suggests potential benefit in cancer prevention and treatment. This review summarizes the relevant chemical and pharmacokinetic properties of dietary polyphenols and specifically focuses on the biological targets of flaxseed lignans. The consolidation of the considerable body of data on the diverse targets of the lignans will aid continued research into their potential for use in combination with other cancer chemotherapies, utilizing flaxseed lignan-enriched natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Franklyn De Silva
- Drug Discovery & Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 104 Clinic Place, Health Sciences Building, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (SK), S7N 2Z4, Canada.
| | - Jane Alcorn
- Drug Discovery & Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 104 Clinic Place, Health Sciences Building, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (SK), S7N 2Z4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang R, Yang Z, Zhang J, Mu J, Zhou X, Zhao X. Liver Injury Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride in Mice Is Prevented by the Antioxidant Capacity of Anji White Tea Polyphenols. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8030064. [PMID: 30875793 PMCID: PMC6466528 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8030064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anji white tea is a unique variety of green tea that is rich in polyphenols. In this study, the effect of Anji white tea polyphenols (AJWTP) on the prevention of carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced liver injury through its antioxidant properties was studied. Biochemical and molecular biology methods were used to analyze the serum and liver tissue of mice. The antioxidant capacity and liver injury preventive effect of AJWTP were determined, and the mechanism was elaborated. The results showed that AJWTP decreased the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) in mice with liver injury, it increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the serum and liver tissue of mice with liver injury, and it also decreased the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA). Further quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results showed that AJWTP upregulated the mRNA expression of Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, catalase (CAT), and nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cell inhibitor alpha (IκB-α) and downregulated the expression of nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the liver tissue of mice with liver injury. Therefore, AJWTP produces sufficient antioxidant action to prevent liver injury, and the effect increases with the increase in AJWTP concentration. The effect of 200 mg/kg AJWTP was similar to that of the same concentration of the drug (silymarin) used for the treatment of liver injury. This indicates excellent potential for the development and utilization of AJWTP because it is an active substance with excellent antioxidant effects and can prevent liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Wang
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Zhiqing Yang
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Environment and Quality Inspection College, Chongqing Chemical Industry Vocational College, Chongqing 401228, China.
| | - Jianfei Mu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xianrong Zhou
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bamboo Stems ( Phyllostachys nigra variety henosis) Containing Polyphenol Mixtures Activate Nrf2 and Attenuate Phenylhydrazine-Induced Oxidative Stress and Liver Injury. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11010114. [PMID: 30626086 PMCID: PMC6357197 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of bamboo stems using in vitro and in vivo experimental liver damage models. Ethyl acetate fraction of 80% ethanol extract of Phyllostachys nigra stem (PN3) containing polyphenols had a higher NQO1-ARE reporter gene activity as monitored by the activity of the NF-E2-related factor (Nrf2) antioxidant pathway in cells in comparison to extracts from other species and under other conditions. The Nrf2 was translocated from the cytosol to the nucleus in response to PN3, followed by induction of the Nrf2 target gene expression, including HO-1, GCL, and NQO-1 in HepG2 cells. Phosphorylation of Nrf2 in HepG2 cells was enhanced in PN3, which was mediated by PKCδ, ERK, and p38 MAPK. Consequently, PN3 inhibited arachidonic acid (AA) + iron-induced reactive oxygen species generation and glutathione depletion, and, thus, highlighted their role in cytotoxicity. Treatment with major polyphenols of PN3, including catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and p-coumaric acid, also improved AA + iron-mediated oxidative stress and, thus, improved cell viability. Treatment with phenylhydrazine in mice, i.e., the iron overload liver injury model, increased plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels and changed histological features in mice—a response that was almost completely blocked by PN3 administration. Moreover, PN3 extract mitigated phenylhydrazine-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Conclusively, PN3 can exert a hepatoprotective effect against iron overload-induced acute liver damage due to its antioxidant properties.
Collapse
|
26
|
Singh B, Singh H, Kaur S, Arora S. Ameliorative potential of a traditionally used plant Fraxinus micrantha against oxidative stress and paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. Pharmacogn Mag 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_236_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
27
|
Kuznetsova E, Emelyanov A, Klimova E, Bychkova T, Vinokurov A, Selifonova N, Zomitev V, Brindza J. Antioxidant, antimicrobial activity and mineral composition of low-temperature fractioning products of Malus domestica Borkh (common Antonovka). POTRAVINARSTVO 2017. [DOI: 10.5219/820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The low-temperature fractionation of fruit Malus domestica Borkh (Common Antonovka) has been performed. We obtained by fractionation the biologically active products that are the dehydrated concentrate of juice and the powder of pomace fibers. Use of low temperature minimizes biological value losses during processing. These fractions of fruit Malus domestica Borkh (Common Antonovka) are experimentally studied. It is found that the fractions have high antioxidant activity and include bioflavonoids and organic and phenol carboxylic acids. Analysis of chromatograms showed availability of the identical compounds in the products of low-temperature fractionation. Sodium and potassium are part of the cells of biological systems as highly mobile ionic forms. Therefore, these elements prevail in the concentrated juice. Iron, manganese, copper, and zinc are biogenic trace elements or components of enzyme systems and are evenly distributed as in plant cell walls as well in protoplasm. It follows from the results of the study of the mineral composition that the products of the low-temperature fractioning can be used for a functional food as a result of its high content of magnesium and iron. The low-temperature fractionation of fruit Malus domestica Borkh (Common Antonovka) has antimicrobial activity against the standard strains of spoilage: Bacillus subtilis VKM-B-501, Micrococcus luteus VKM-As-2230, Aspergillus flavus VKM-F-1024, Penicillium expansion VKM-F-275, Mucor mucedo VKM- F-1257, Rhizopus stolonifer VKM- F-2005. Experimental data show that the products of low-temperature fractioning of Malus domestica Borkh (Common Antonovka) inhibit microorganism's growth. The detected composition of Malus domestica Borkh (Common Antonovka) fractions allows using these products as natural additives in food technology to maintain and increase period of storage and also for preventive nutrition.
Collapse
|
28
|
Kumar S, Patial V, Soni S, Sharma S, Pratap K, Kumar D, Padwad Y. Picrorhiza kurroa Enhances β-Cell Mass Proliferation and Insulin Secretion in Streptozotocin Evoked β-Cell Damage in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:537. [PMID: 28878669 PMCID: PMC5572391 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune destruction of insulin producing pancreatic β-cells leads to insulin insufficiency and hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Regeneration of β-cells is one of the proposed treatment for type 1 diabetes and insulin insufficiency. Picrorhiza kurroa is a medicinal herb and is traditionally being used for the treatment of various diseases. Previous studies reported the hypoglycemic potential of P. kurroa. However, its potential role in β-cell induction in insulin secretion have not been fully investigated. Here, we characterized the hydro alcoholic extract of P. kurroa rhizome (PKRE) and further studied its β-cell regeneration and induction of insulin secretion potential in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats as well as in insulin producing Rin5f cells. 1H-NMR revealed the presence of more than thirty metabolites including picroside I and II in PKRE. Further, we found that PKRE treatment (100 and 200 mg/kg dose for 30 days) significantly (p ≤ 0.05) protected the pancreatic β-cells against streptozotocin (STZ) evoked damage and inhibited the glucagon receptor expression (Gcgr) in hepatic and renal tissues. It significantly (p ≤ 0.05) enhanced the insulin expression and aids in proliferation of insulin producing Rin5f cells with elevated insulin secretion. Furthermore it significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased insulin mediated glucose uptake in 3T3L1 and L6 cells. On the contrary, in diabetic rats, PKRE significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased high blood glucose and restored the normal levels of serum biochemicals. Altogether, our results showed that PKRE displayed β-cell regeneration with enhanced insulin production and antihyperglycemic effects. PKRE also improves hepatic and renal functions against oxidative damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Kumar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Lab, Food and Nutraceuticals Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource TechnologyPalampur, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchNew Delhi, India
| | - Vikram Patial
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Lab, Food and Nutraceuticals Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource TechnologyPalampur, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchNew Delhi, India
| | - Sourabh Soni
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Lab, Food and Nutraceuticals Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource TechnologyPalampur, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchNew Delhi, India
| | - Supriya Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Lab, Food and Nutraceuticals Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource TechnologyPalampur, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchNew Delhi, India
| | - Kunal Pratap
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Lab, Food and Nutraceuticals Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource TechnologyPalampur, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchNew Delhi, India.,Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource TechnologyPalampur, India
| | - Yogendra Padwad
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Lab, Food and Nutraceuticals Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource TechnologyPalampur, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchNew Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Xiong F, Guan YS. Cautiously using natural medicine to treat liver problems. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:3388-3395. [PMID: 28596675 PMCID: PMC5442075 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i19.3388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural medicine is a system of therapy that administrates natural agents and their derivatives to treat human diseases. This medicine has been used to treat many kinds of human diseases for thousands of years. The treatment protocols of natural medicine are integrative in nature, and are required to utilize the most appropriate therapies to address the needs of the individual patient. Because of the relative convenience, safety and efficacy, natural medicine is now increasing worldwide. Naturopathic doctors are licensed in many areas of the world and regulated partly by law in these areas, which is quite different from various other forms of complementary and alternative medicine. Liver diseases, such as hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and liver carcinoma, are serious health problems worldwide. Nearly half of the natural agents used in treatment of liver diseases today are natural products and their derivatives. Although natural medicine is beneficial and safe, physicians should pay close attention to the potential side-effects of the naturopathic agents, which lead to liver injury, interstitial pneumonia and acute respiratory failure. Therefore, when administrating naturopathic protocols to patients for the treatment of liver diseases, we should try our best to prevent and avoid as much as possible the negative impact of these medicines. This article highlights the current practice and recommended improvement of natural medicines in the treatment of liver diseases and gives some specific examples to emphasize the prevention and management of adverse reactions of the natural agents and suggests that natural medicine should be cautiously used to treat liver problems.
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
This review reports on the beneficial pharmacological properties of naturally occurring polyphenols for the treatment of inflammatory pulmonary diseases. In addition, it presents an overview of the different types of inhalable formulations which have been developed in order to achieve efficient delivery of polyphenols to the respiratory tract. The main biological activities of polyphenols (anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory) are covered, with particular emphasis on the studies describing their therapeutic effects on different factors and conditions characteristic of lung pathologies. Special focus is on the technological aspects which influence the pulmonary delivery of drugs. The various polyphenol-based inhalable formulations reported in the literature are examined with specific attention to the preparation methodologies, aerosol performance, lung deposition and in vitro and in vivo polyphenol uptake by the pulmonary epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Trotta
- a Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Santo Scalia
- a Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Laamech J, El-Hilaly J, Fetoui H, Chtourou Y, Gouitaa H, Tahraoui A, Lyoussi B. Berberis vulgaris L. effects on oxidative stress and liver injury in lead-intoxicated mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 14:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2015-0079/jcim-2015-0079.xml. [DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2015-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Berberis vulgaris L. (BV), commonly known as “Aghriss” in Moroccan pharmacopoeia, is used to cure liver disorders and other diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of BV aqueous extract against lead-induced toxicity in mice liver.
Methods
Sixty IOPS mice were divided into six groups and were treated as follows: group 1 (normal control) received double distilled water; group 2 (toxic control) received lead acetate (5 mg/kg body weight/day) in double distilled water for 40 days; groups 3–6 received BV aqueous extract at doses of 25, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight , respectively, once daily for 30 days from 11 day after beginning of lead acetate exposure to the end of the experiment.
Results
Toxic control group showed a significant alteration of serum alanine-aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), total bilirubin (TB), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Histological assessment of lead-intoxicated mice liver revealed alterations in hepatocytes and focal necrosis. BV treatment significantly prevented lead accumulation, increased ALT, AST, TC, and TB, inhibited lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls(PCO) formation. Additionally, BV extract normalized the antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD and GPx), GSH and architecture of liver tissues.
Conclusions
BV aqueous extract exerts significant hepatoprotective effects against lead-induced oxidative stress and liver dysfunction. The BV effect may be mediated through the enhancement of antioxidant status, lead-chelating abilities and free radicals quenching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jawhar Laamech
- Laboratory of Physiology , Pharmacology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences , DM , USMBA University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Jaouad El-Hilaly
- Laboratory of Physiology , Pharmacology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences , DM , USMBA University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Hamadi Fetoui
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Microbiology and Environmental Health (11ES70), Life Science Department, Sciences Faculty of Sfax , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Yassine Chtourou
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Microbiology and Environmental Health (11ES70), Life Science Department, Sciences Faculty of Sfax , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Hanane Gouitaa
- Laboratory of Physiology , Pharmacology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences , DM , USMBA University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Adel Tahraoui
- Laboratory of Physiology , Pharmacology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences , DM , USMBA University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Badiaa Lyoussi
- Laboratory of Physiology , Pharmacology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences , DM , USMBA University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|