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Ayling K, Li R, Muhardi L, Melse-Boonstra A, Sun Y, Chen W, Kudla U. Systematic Literature Review of the Nutrient Status, Intake, and Diet Quality of Chinese Children across Different Age Groups. Nutrients 2023; 15:1536. [PMID: 36986271 PMCID: PMC10057142 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of comprehensive reports on nutrient deficiencies and dietary intake among various age groups of children in China. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the nutrient status, intake, and diet adequacy of Chinese children (0-18 years old). PubMed and Scopus were searched for literature published between January 2010 and July 2022. A systematic review approach with a quality assessment was performed to analyze 2986 identified articles in English and Chinese. Eighty-three articles were included in the analysis. In younger children, anemia and iron and Vitamin A deficiencies remain severe public health problems, despite high Vitamin A and adequate iron intake. In older children, a high prevalence of selenium; Vitamin A and D deficiencies; and inadequate intakes of Vitamins A, D, B, C, selenium, and calcium were reported. Intakes of dairy, soybeans, fruits, and vegetables were below recommended levels. High intakes of iodine, total and saturated fat, and sodium and low dietary diversity scores were also reported. As nutritional concerns vary with age and region, future nutrition interventions should be tailored accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Ayling
- Friesland Campina, 3818 LA Amersfoort, The Netherlands;
| | - Rongrong Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Beijing 100730, China
| | | | - Alida Melse-Boonstra
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, 6703 HE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ye Sun
- Friesland Campina Development Centre AMEA, Singapore 118261, Singapore
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Beijing 100730, China
| | - Urszula Kudla
- Friesland Campina, 3818 LA Amersfoort, The Netherlands;
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Wang Z, Luo B, Zang J, Shi Z, Cui X, Song Q, Jin W, Guo C, Liu S. Appropriate Range of Median Urinary Iodine Concentration in 8- to 10-Year-Old Children Based on Generalized Additive Model. Thyroid 2020; 30:1535-1540. [PMID: 32245343 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: The appropriate range of median urinary iodine concentration (MUI) in children has always been controversial. To prevent the occurrence of a goiter epidemic in Shanghai, we explored the appropriate range of MUI by integrating multiple monitoring results. Methods: This study summarized and analyzed the monitoring data from 1997, 1999, 2011, 2014, and 2017 of children living in Shanghai. In each monitoring year, the probability-proportional-to-size sampling technique was used to select 30 sampling units. In each sampling unit, one primary school was randomly selected. From each selected school, 40 children 8- to 10-year-old were randomly recruited to measure thyroid volume (Tvol) and their household salt iodine intake. Results: In 1997, 1999, 2011, 2014, and 2017, MUI of 8- to 10-year-old children was 228, 214, 182, 171, and 183 μg/L, and median Tvol (MTvol) was 2.9, 1.2, 1.0, 1.8, and 2.8 mL, respectively. There was a linear correlation between goiter rate and MTvol (r = 0.95, p = 0.014; 100 × goiter rate = 1.314 × MTvol -1.287). Generalized additive model (GAM) was used to predict MTvol as follows, MTvol = 0.60689 + 0.00302 MUI +0.999928 s (MUI) -0.05172 mean salt iodized concentrations (MSIs) +0.03481 × 100 × iodized salt coverage rate +0.00000969 per capita disposable income +0.271422 s (per capita disposable income) -0.38772 × monitoring year gap. The results revealed that the average relative error between predicted and actual value was 15.2%. GAM results showed that at 27-277 μg/L MUI, the goiter rate was <5%. Conclusions: Iodine status is appropriate in Shanghai. Under the existing economy and MSI, the optimal range of MUI should be 70-277 μg/L in 8- to 10-year-old children living in Shanghai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Wang
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Baozhang Luo
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajie Zang
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Zehuan Shi
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueying Cui
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Song
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Changyi Guo
- General office, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Shoujun Liu
- Institute of Iodine Deficiency Disorders, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Lee YB, Lee JH, Kang MJ, Yu DS, Han KD, Park YG. Associations between urine iodine and allergic diseases in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2015: A STROBE-compliant article. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 62:152937. [PMID: 31102889 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The associations between excessive iodine intake and allergic diseases have not been evaluated. PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the associations of allergic diseases with urinary iodine concentration (UIC). STUDY DESIGN A nation-wide population-based survey conducted by the the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention METHODS: In total, 5598 participants older than 19 years who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2015 were enrolled for analysis. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the odds ratios for allergic diseases according to UIC. RESULTS Allergic diseases were associated with the highest UIC quartile. Compared with subjects in lower UIC quartiles, subjects in the highest UIC quartile were at greater risk for atopic dermatitis (OR = 1.471, 95% CI, 1.028-2.107) and allergic rhinitis (OR = 1.362, 95% CI, 1.129-1.644) after adjustment for age and sex. CONCLUSION This study revealed that the highest UIC quartile is associated with allergic diseases. Further laboratory and clinical studies are needed to evaluate the associations between excessive iodine intake and allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Bok Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Ji Kang
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Soo Yu
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Do Han
- Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Gyu Park
- Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Chen W, Zhang Q, Wu Y, Wang W, Wang X, Pearce EN, Tan L, Shen J, Zhang W. Shift of Reference Values for Thyroid Volume by Ultrasound in 8- to 13-Year-Olds with Sufficient Iodine Intake in China. Thyroid 2019; 29:405-411. [PMID: 30696370 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2018.0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The iodine nutritional status of the Chinese population has been greatly improved in recent years. Therefore, the reference values for thyroid volume (Tvol) in children with sufficient iodine intake need to be updated. The study aimed to update the reference values for Tvol in children with sufficient iodine intake in order to define goiter in the context of sustained iodine sufficiency. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in children with sufficient iodine intake in China. Twice-repeated 24-hour urine samples were collected from each child to estimate habitual daily iodine intake. Serum thyroid function tests were measured. Tvol was assessed by ultrasound. From the sample of euthyroid children with sufficient iodine intakes, the 50th and 97th percentiles for Tvol by age and body surface area (BSA) were calculated using quantile regression. RESULTS A total of 679 children aged 8-13 years with sufficient iodine intake (188 μg/day [145-235 μg/day]) were included in the analysis. The mean Tvol of the children was 4.1 ± 1.6 mL, and no differences were found between boys and girls in any age or BSA group. Quantile regression models demonstrated that BSA was a strong positive predictor of Tvol (p < 0.0001), while age only had a significant effect on median Tvol (p = 0.013). Sex was not a significant predictor of Tvol in children. CONCLUSIONS The reference values for Tvol in Chinese children have been updated. This study indicates that the upper limit of (97th percentile) Tvol was dependent on BSA, while the median Tvol was determined by both age and BSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chen
- 1 Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- 2 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- 1 Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yalan Wu
- 1 Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- 1 Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- 3 The Shandong Institute for Endemic Disease Control and Research, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Elizabeth N Pearce
- 4 Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Long Tan
- 1 Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jun Shen
- 1 Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Wanqi Zhang
- 1 Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- 2 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- 5 Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health; Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health; Public Health School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Soydan L, Eren Ozturk H, Onal Z, Nuhoglu C. ASSOCIATIONS OF THYROID VOLUME AND FUNCTION WITH CHILDHOOD OBESITY. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUCHAREST, ROMANIA : 2005) 2019; -5:123-128. [PMID: 31149071 PMCID: PMC6535309 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2019.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The links between obesity and thyroid function or thyroid volume in children are still controversial with limited available data. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine thyroid function and volume in obese Turkish school-age children in comparison to normal-weight children. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS One hundred obese children (47 boys, 53 girls; mean age 10.34±2.79 years) with a body mass index (BMI) above 95th percentile, and 100 normal-weight children (42 boys, 58 girls; 10.34±2.79 years) were included. The study parameters were BMI z score (Z-BMI), body surface area (BSA), thyroid volume, free thyroxine (fT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. RESULTS The mean TSH and fT4 levels did not show a significant difference between obese and normal-weight children (p>0.05). The mean thyroid volume was higher in obese children (6.46±5.84 and 4.64±1.44, respectively; p=0.043). fT4 correlated negatively with Z-BMI in both normal-weight and obese children (r=-0.285, p=0.004 and r=-0.289, p=0.004, respectively). Thyroid volume, on the other hand, correlated positively with Z-BMI, again in both normal-weight and obese children (r=0.657, p<0.001 and r=0.444, p<0.001, respectively). Similar associations were found for BSA. CONCLUSIONS Thyroid volume correlated positively and fT4 correlated negatively with Z-BMI and BSA, in both obese and normal-weight school-age children, whereas TSH appears to be independent of these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Soydan
- Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital - Department of Radiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Z.E. Onal
- Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - C. Nuhoglu
- Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul, Turkey
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