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Abdugheni R, Li L, Yang ZN, Huang Y, Fang BZ, Shurigin V, Mohamad OAA, Liu YH, Li WJ. Microbial Risks Caused by Livestock Excrement: Current Research Status and Prospects. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1897. [PMID: 37630456 PMCID: PMC10456746 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Livestock excrement is a major pollutant yielded from husbandry and it has been constantly imported into various related environments. Livestock excrement comprises a variety of microorganisms including certain units with health risks and these microorganisms are transferred synchronically during the management and utilization processes of livestock excrement. The livestock excrement microbiome is extensively affecting the microbiome of humans and the relevant environments and it could be altered by related environmental factors as well. The zoonotic microorganisms, extremely zoonotic pathogens, and antibiotic-resistant microorganisms are posing threats to human health and environmental safety. In this review, we highlight the main feature of the microbiome of livestock excrement and elucidate the composition and structure of the repertoire of microbes, how these microbes transfer from different spots, and they then affect the microbiomes of related habitants as a whole. Overall, the environmental problems caused by the microbiome of livestock excrement and the potential risks it may cause are summarized from the microbial perspective and the strategies for prediction, prevention, and management are discussed so as to provide a reference for further studies regarding potential microbial risks of livestock excrement microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashidin Abdugheni
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi 830011, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi 830011, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Yang
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi 830011, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bao-Zhu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi 830011, China
| | - Vyacheslav Shurigin
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi 830011, China
| | - Osama Abdalla Abdelshafy Mohamad
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi 830011, China
| | - Yong-Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi 830011, China
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi 830011, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Cardenas-Alvarez MX, Zeng H, Webb BT, Mani R, Muñoz M, Bergholz TM. Comparative Genomics of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates from Ruminant Listeriosis Cases in the Midwest United States. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0157922. [PMID: 36314928 PMCID: PMC9769944 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01579-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruminants are a well-known reservoir for Listeria monocytogenes. In addition to asymptomatic carriage of the pathogen, ruminants can also acquire listeriosis and develop clinical manifestations in the form of neurologic or fetal infections, similar to those occurring in humans. Genomic characterization of ruminant listeriosis cases in Europe have identified lineage 1 and 2 strains associated with infection, as well as clonal complexes (CCs) that are commonly isolated from human cases of listeriosis; however, there is little information on the diversity of L. monocytogenes from ruminant listeriosis in the United States. In this study, we characterized and compared 73 L. monocytogenes isolates from ruminant listeriosis cases from the Midwest and the Upper Great Plains collected from 2015 to 2020. Using whole-genome sequence data, we classified the isolates and identified key virulence factors, stress-associated genes, and mobile genetic elements within our data set. Our isolates belonged to three different lineages: 31% to lineage 1, 53% to lineage 2, and 15% to lineage 3. Lineage 1 and 3 isolates were associated with neurologic infections, while lineage 2 showed a greater frequency of fetal infections. Additionally, the presence of mobile elements, virulence-associated genes, and stress and antimicrobial resistance genes was evaluated. These genetic elements are responsible for most of the subgroup-specific features and may play a key role in the spread of hypervirulent clones, including the spread of hypervirulent CC1 clone commonly associated with disease in humans, and may explain the increased frequency of certain clones in the area. IMPORTANCE Listeria monocytogenes affects humans and animals, causing encephalitis, septicemia, and abortions, among other clinical outcomes. Ruminants such as cattle, goats, and sheep are the main carriers contributing to the maintenance and dispersal of this pathogen in the farm environment. Contamination of food products from farms is of concern not only because many L. monocytogenes genotypes found there are associated with human listeriosis but also as a cause of significant economic losses when livestock and food products are affected. Ruminant listeriosis has been characterized extensively in Europe; however, there is limited information about the genetic diversity of these cases in the United States. Identification of subgroups with a greater ability to spread may facilitate surveillance and management of listeriosis and contribute to a better understanding of the genome diversity of this pathogen, providing insights into the molecular epidemiology of ruminant listeriosis in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria X. Cardenas-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Brett T. Webb
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Rinosh Mani
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Marina Muñoz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Teresa M. Bergholz
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Bagatella S, Tavares-Gomes L, Oevermann A. Listeria monocytogenes at the interface between ruminants and humans: A comparative pathology and pathogenesis review. Vet Pathol 2021; 59:186-210. [PMID: 34856818 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211052659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is widely distributed in the environment as a saprophyte, but may turn into a lethal intracellular pathogen upon ingestion. Invasive infections occur in numerous species worldwide, but most commonly in humans and farmed ruminants, and manifest as distinct forms. Of those, neuroinfection is remarkably threatening due to its high mortality. Lm is widely studied not only as a pathogen but also as an essential model for intracellular infections and host-pathogen interactions. Many aspects of its ecology and pathogenesis, however, remain unclear and are rarely addressed in its natural hosts. This review highlights the heterogeneity and adaptability of Lm by summarizing its association with the environment, farm animals, and disease. It also provides current knowledge on key features of the pathology and (molecular) pathogenesis of various listeriosis forms in naturally susceptible species with a special focus on ruminants and on the neuroinvasive form of the disease. Moreover, knowledge gaps on pathomechanisms of listerial infections and relevant unexplored topics in Lm pathogenesis research are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bagatella
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Leticia Tavares-Gomes
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Oevermann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Šteingolde Ž, Meistere I, Avsejenko J, Ķibilds J, Bergšpica I, Streikiša M, Gradovska S, Alksne L, Roussel S, Terentjeva M, Bērziņš A. Characterization and Genetic Diversity of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Cattle Abortions in Latvia, 2013-2018. Vet Sci 2021; 8:195. [PMID: 34564589 PMCID: PMC8473131 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8090195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes can cause disease in humans and in a wide range of animal species, especially in farm ruminants. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of L. monocytogenes related to 1185 cattle abortion cases in Latvia during 2013-2018. The prevalence of L. monocytogenes among cattle abortions was 16.1% (191/1185). The seasonality of L. monocytogenes abortions was observed with significantly higher occurrence (p < 0.01) in spring (March-May). In 61.0% of the cases, the affected cattle were under four years of age. L. monocytogenes abortions were observed during the third (64.6%) and second (33.3%) trimesters of gestation. Overall, 27 different sequence types (ST) were detected, and four of them, ST29 (clonal complex, CC29), ST37 (CC37), ST451 (CC11) and ST7 (CC7), covered more than half of the L. monocytogenes isolates. Key virulence factors like the prfA-dependent virulence cluster and inlA, inlB were observed in all the analyzed isolates, but lntA, inlF, inlJ, vip were associated with individual sequence types. Our results confirmed that L. monocytogenes is the most important causative agent of cattle abortions in Latvia and more than 20 different STs were observed in L. monocytogenes abortions in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žanete Šteingolde
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (J.A.); (J.Ķ.); (I.B.); (M.S.); (S.G.); (L.A.); (A.B.)
- Institute of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV-3004 Jelgava, Latvia;
| | - Irēna Meistere
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (J.A.); (J.Ķ.); (I.B.); (M.S.); (S.G.); (L.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Jeļena Avsejenko
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (J.A.); (J.Ķ.); (I.B.); (M.S.); (S.G.); (L.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Juris Ķibilds
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (J.A.); (J.Ķ.); (I.B.); (M.S.); (S.G.); (L.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Ieva Bergšpica
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (J.A.); (J.Ķ.); (I.B.); (M.S.); (S.G.); (L.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Madara Streikiša
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (J.A.); (J.Ķ.); (I.B.); (M.S.); (S.G.); (L.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Silva Gradovska
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (J.A.); (J.Ķ.); (I.B.); (M.S.); (S.G.); (L.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Laura Alksne
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (J.A.); (J.Ķ.); (I.B.); (M.S.); (S.G.); (L.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Sophie Roussel
- Maisons-Alfort Laboratory of Food Safety, University Paris-Est, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health (ANSES), F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France;
| | - Margarita Terentjeva
- Institute of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV-3004 Jelgava, Latvia;
| | - Aivars Bērziņš
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (J.A.); (J.Ķ.); (I.B.); (M.S.); (S.G.); (L.A.); (A.B.)
- Institute of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV-3004 Jelgava, Latvia;
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Component Causes of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis-Non-Moraxella Organisms in the Epidemiology of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2021; 37:295-308. [PMID: 34049660 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is a multifactorial disease complex caused by opportunistic pathogens, classically those members of the genus Moraxella. However, IBK in some situations is associated with other potentially pathogenic agents, which include Mycoplasma bovoculi, Mycoplasma bovis, Ureaplasma diversum, bovine herpesviruses, and Chlamydia sp. Ocular infections that may resemble IBK are also caused by Listeria monocytogenes. These agents and their association with IBK are reviewed in this article.
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Hirz M, Prenger‐Berninghoff E, Förster C, Fey K, Herden C. Listeria monocytogenes
meningoencephalomyelitis most likely due to septic spread as a rare cause of neurological disease and fever in an adult horse. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2019-001028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Hirz
- Institut für Veterinär‐PathologieJustus‐Liebig‐Universität GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Ellen Prenger‐Berninghoff
- Institut für Hygiene und Infektionskrankheiten der TiereJustus‐Liebig‐Universität GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Christine Förster
- Institut für Virologie ‐ Fachbereich VeterinärmedizinJustus‐Liebig‐Universität GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Kerstin Fey
- Klinik für Pferde ‐ Innere MedizinJustus‐Liebig‐Universität GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Christiane Herden
- Institut für Veterinär‐PathologieJustus‐Liebig‐Universität GiessenGiessenGermany
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7
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Lécuyer R, Boutoille D, Khatchatourian L, Ducloyer JB, Gibaud S, Raffi F, Gaborit B. Listeria Endophthalmitis Cured With Linezolid in an Immunocompetent Farmer Woman: Hazard of a Sweep of a Cow's Tail. Open Forum Infect Dis 2020; 6:ofz459. [PMID: 32377543 PMCID: PMC7194287 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first case of an unexpected exogenous Listeria monocytogenes endophthalmitis in a previously healthy woman after a cow’s tail’s sweep, successfully treated with surgery and linezolid. It is the first case carried out with linezolid to treat Listeria endophthalmitis. Therefore, it may challenge the requirement for intravenous antibiotics for long-term treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Lécuyer
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hotel-Dieu Hospital and INSERM Clinical Investigation Center, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France.,Equipe d'Accueil 3826 Thérapeutiques Cliniques et Expérimentales des Infections, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - David Boutoille
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hotel-Dieu Hospital and INSERM Clinical Investigation Center, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France.,Equipe d'Accueil 3826 Thérapeutiques Cliniques et Expérimentales des Infections, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Lydie Khatchatourian
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hotel-Dieu Hospital and INSERM Clinical Investigation Center, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Ducloyer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hotel-Dieu Hospital, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Gibaud
- Department of Bacteriology and Hygiene, Hotel-Dieu Hospital, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - François Raffi
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hotel-Dieu Hospital and INSERM Clinical Investigation Center, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Benjamin Gaborit
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hotel-Dieu Hospital and INSERM Clinical Investigation Center, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France.,Equipe d'Accueil 3826 Thérapeutiques Cliniques et Expérimentales des Infections, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
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8
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Whitman KJ, Bono JL, Clawson ML, Loy JD, Bosilevac JM, Arthur TM, Ondrak JD. Genomic-based identification of environmental and clinical Listeria monocytogenes strains associated with an abortion outbreak in beef heifers. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:70. [PMID: 32087722 PMCID: PMC7036198 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-2276-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a beef cattle facility an outbreak of abortions occurred over a 36-day period and included samples from two aborted (non-viable) fetuses and 21 post-abortion clinical cases. There are numerous etiologies, including clinical listeriosis. At the species level, Listeria monocytogenes is ubiquitous in cattle production environments, including soil, feed, and occasionally water sources, and is a common enteric resident of cattle and other mammals. There are four genetically distinct lineages of L. monocytogenes (I-IV), with most lineage III and IV isolates obtained from ruminants. Definitive diagnosis of L. monocytogenes as a causative agent in disease outbreaks relies upon case identification, appropriate sample collection, and laboratory confirmation. Furthermore, clearly establishing a relationship between a pathogen source and clinical disease is difficult. RESULTS Of the two fetal and 21 clinical case submissions, 19 were positive for L. monocytogenes. Subsequent culture for L. monocytogenes from water and silage sources identified both as potential origins of infection. Using whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses, clinical, water and silage L. monocytogenes strains grouped into two of four lineages. All water and silage strains, plus 11 clinical strains placed in lineage III, with identical or nearly identical genomic sequences. The remaining eight clinical strains placed in lineage I, with seven having nearly identical sequences and one distinctly different. CONCLUSION Three genetically distinct strains within two lineages of L. monocytogenes caused the abortion outbreak. The etiology of abortion in 11 cases was directly linked to water and silage contamination from a lineage III L. monocytogenes strain. The source of infection for the remaining abortion cases with two different strains from lineage I is unknown. This is the first report of L. monocytogenes genomics being used as part of an outbreak investigation of cattle abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Whitman
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Great Plains Veterinary Educational Center, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA.
| | - James L Bono
- USDA ARS US Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA.
| | - Michael L Clawson
- USDA ARS US Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA
| | - John D Loy
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0907, USA
| | | | - Terrance M Arthur
- USDA ARS US Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA
| | - Jeff D Ondrak
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Great Plains Veterinary Educational Center, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA
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9
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Goldreich JE, Franklin-Guild RJ, Ledbetter EC. Feline bacterial keratitis: Clinical features, bacterial isolates, and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Vet Ophthalmol 2019; 23:90-96. [PMID: 31291056 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe clinical characteristics, bacterial isolates, and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for cats with bacterial keratitis. ANIMALS STUDIED Eighty one cats with bacterial keratitis. PROCEDURES Medical records of cats with a clinical diagnosis of bacterial keratitis, confirmed by corneal culture, were reviewed from June 2004 to July 2017. Animal signalment, bacterial isolates, aerobic bacteria in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test results, and pertinent clinical features were recorded. Percentages of susceptible aerobic bacterial isolates were statistically compared among selected antimicrobials. RESULTS There were 102 aerobic bacterial isolates recovered from corneal samples of the 81 cats presented with bacterial keratitis. The most frequent bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus species, which constituted 55% (56/102) of total isolates. All aerobic bacterial isolates grouped together had the highest percentage of susceptibility to ofloxacin (100%), ciprofloxacin (94%), chloramphenicol (93%), doxycycline (92%), ticarcillin (90%), gentamicin (89%), moxifloxacin (89%), tobramycin (86%), neomycin (85%), amikacin (84%), and cefazolin (84%). The same isolates had the lowest percentage of susceptibility to polymyxin B (2%), bacitracin (15%), and clindamycin (31%). When analyzed separately, the isolated Staphylococcus species had the highest percentage of susceptibility to ofloxacin (100%), tobramycin (93%), and neomycin (85%) and the lowest percentage of susceptibility to polymyxin B (3%) and bacitracin (13%). CONCLUSIONS Members of the Staphylococcus genus were the most frequent bacteria isolated from cases of feline bacterial keratitis. On the basis of in vitro susceptibility testing and mechanism of action, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ticarcillin, gentamicin, or moxifloxacin are recommended for initial antimicrobial therapy of suspected bacterial keratitis in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Goldreich
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | | | - Eric C Ledbetter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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10
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Listeria monocytogenes and ocular abscess: an atypical but yet potential association. Int Ophthalmol 2017; 38:2609-2616. [PMID: 29086326 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-017-0723-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a farmer's corneal abscess caused by an unusual pathogen: Listeria monocytogenes fluoroquinolone resistant. METHODS A 78-year-old farmer presented a central corneal abscess associated with 1-mm hypopyon and decreased visual acuity evolving since 2 weeks. First an antibiotic therapy associating oral ofloxacin and topical ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and ceftazidime was started. Different samples of the abscess were performed and sent to different microbiological laboratories. RESULT Listeria monocytogenes was isolated after 2 days of culture. Antibiotics sensitivity showed resistance to ciprofloxacin, fosfomycin and fusidic acid. Ceftazidime was changed for gentamicin, and after 1 month of treatment the abscess decreased considerably. CONCLUSION This case demonstrated that even if Listeria is rarely involved in ocular abscess, it must be evocated for people with risk factors as farmers. This suspicion should lead to an extended incubation to identify the pathogen. The analysis of Listeria resistance is essential to start an efficient therapy.
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Abstract
Asymmetrical signs of brainstem disease occur relatively infrequently in ruminants. The most common differential diagnoses include listeriosis, otitis media/interna, and pituitary abscess syndrome. Although these conditions produce signs of brainstem dysfunction, the diseases can usually be differentiated based on historical findings and subtle clinical differences. Basic laboratory diagnostic tests are often not specific in the definitive diagnosis but may be supportive. Advanced imaging techniques have proven to be useful in the diagnosis of otitis media/interna. Presumptive clinical diagnosis is confirmed at necropsy. Treatment involves a prolonged course of antibiotic therapy but is unrewarding in cases of pituitary abscess syndrome.
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12
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Abstract
The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes resides originally in the environment. Infections of the eye have been induced experimentally; for example, in rabbits and guinea pigs. Natural ocular infections occur in various animals; in most instances, they are induced exogenously; for example, by contaminated silage affecting primarily the conjunctiva, cornea, or the anterior chamber. Sporadic infections as well as outbreaks have been described. In humans, besides exogenous infections, endogenous infections also occur, inducing mainly endophthalmitis. Since an exact diagnosis of the causative agent is often delayed, specific therapy starts too late, so that the outcome is often poor. The antibiotics of primary choice would be ampicillin or a quinolone such as moxifloxacin or levofloxacin. The role of fosfomycin for therapy of ocular infections is discussed.
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13
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Revold T, Abayneh T, Brun-Hansen H, Kleppe SL, Ropstad EO, Hellings RA, Sørum H. Listeria monocytogenes associated kerato-conjunctivitis in four horses in Norway. Acta Vet Scand 2015; 57:76. [PMID: 26552393 PMCID: PMC4638104 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-015-0167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes has been reported to cause various infectious diseases in both humans and animals. More rarely, ocular infections have been reported. To our knowledge, only two cases of Listeria keratitis have been described in horses. We report kerato-conjunctivitis in four Norwegian horses associated with L. monocytogenes. Clinically, all cases were presented with recurrent unilateral kerato-conjunctivitis. L. monocytogenes bacteria were isolated from swab samples from all cases, and cytology carried out in 3 cases was indicative of L. monocytogenes infection. The present report describes the first known cases in which L. monocytogenes has been isolated from keratitic lesions in horses in Norway. A potential risk factor may be feeding of silage or haylage, but other sources of infection cannot be ruled out. The phenotypic features including antimicrobial susceptibility and serotype of the isolates are described. Laboratory detection of L. monocytogenes demands extra caution since only low numbers of bacteria were detected in the eye-swabs, probably due to the low volume of sample material and the intracellular niche of the bacterium. A general poor response to treatment in all these cases indicates that clinicians should pay extra attention to intensity and duration of treatment if L. monocytogenes is identified in connection with equine kerato-conjunctivitis.
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14
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Headley SA, Bodnar L, Fritzen JTT, Bronkhorst DE, Alfieri AF, Okano W, Alfieri AA. Histopathological and molecular characterization of encephalitic listeriosis in small ruminants from northern Paraná, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 44:889-96. [PMID: 24516457 PMCID: PMC3910207 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822013000300036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is a disease primarily of ruminants caused by the Gram-positive bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. Ruminants either demonstrate manifestations of the encephalitic, septicemic, or reproductive form of listeriosis. The pathological and molecular findings with encephalitic listeriosis in a 5.5-month-old, male, mixed-breed goat and a 3-year-old Texel-crossed sheep from northern Paraná, Brazil are described. Clinically, the kid demonstrated circling, lateral protrusion of the tongue, head tilt, and convulsions; the ewe presented ataxia, motor incoordination, and lateral decumbency. Brainstem dysfunctions were diagnosed clinically and listeriosis was suspected. Necropsy performed on both animals did not reveal remarkable gross lesions; significant histopathological alterations were restricted to the brainstem (medulla oblongata; rhombencephalitis) and were characterized as meningoencephalitis that consisted of extensive mononuclear perivascular cuffings, neutrophilic and macrophagic microabscesses, and neuroparenchymal necrosis. PCR assay and direct sequencing, using genomic bacterial DNA derived from the brainstem of both animals, amplified the desired 174 base pairs length amplicon of the listeriolysin O gene of L. monocytogenes. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the strains associated with rhombencephalitis during this study clustered with known strains of L. monocytogenes lineage I from diverse geographical locations and from cattle of the state of Paraná with encephalitic listeriosis. Consequently, these strains should be classified as L. monocytogenes lineage I. These results confirm the active participation of lineage I strains of L. monocytogenes in the etiopathogenesis of the brainstem dysfunctions observed during this study, probably represent the first characterization of small ruminant listeriosis by molecular techniques in Latin America, and suggest that ruminants within the state of Paraná were infected by the strains of the same lineage of L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Laboratories of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Lívia Bodnar
- Molecular Biology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Juliana T T Fritzen
- Molecular Biology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Dalton Evert Bronkhorst
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Norte do Paraná, Arapongas, PR, Brazil
| | - Alice Fernandes Alfieri
- Molecular Biology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Werner Okano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Norte do Paraná, Arapongas, PR, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- Molecular Biology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Warner SL, Boggs J, Lee JK, Reddy S, Banes M, Cooley J. Clinical, pathological, and genetic characterization of Listeria monocytogenes causing sepsis and necrotizing typhlocolitis and hepatitis in a foal. J Vet Diagn Invest 2012; 24:581-6. [PMID: 22529130 DOI: 10.1177/1040638711436245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from the blood, lungs, and liver of a 5-week-old American Quarter Horse filly that presented with a 2-day history of fever, lethargy, ataxia, and seizure activity. The foal was born on a well-managed breeding facility to a multiparous mare with no periparturient complications. At 8 hr of age, the foal had an adequate passive transfer of immunity (immunoglobulin G > 2,000 mg/dl). Since the time of birth, the foal reportedly had mild, intermittent diarrhea that responded to gastrointestinal protectants and probiotics. Despite prompt and aggressive treatment after hospital referral, the foal's condition deteriorated, and the foal was humanely euthanized. Postmortem gross and histopathologic examination revealed severe hepatitis with necrosis and fibrinonecrotic typhlitis and colitis. In addition to a positive blood culture for L. monocytogenes, immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of this bacterium in the liver, cecum, and colon. Furthermore, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction identified the etiologic organism as a virulent L. monocytogenes strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayna L Warner
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
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16
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Hoelzer K, Pouillot R, Dennis S. Animal models of listeriosis: a comparative review of the current state of the art and lessons learned. Vet Res 2012; 43:18. [PMID: 22417207 PMCID: PMC3384455 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-43-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is a leading cause of hospitalization and death due to foodborne illness in the industrialized world. Animal models have played fundamental roles in elucidating the pathophysiology and immunology of listeriosis, and will almost certainly continue to be integral components of the research on listeriosis. Data derived from animal studies helped for example characterize the importance of cell-mediated immunity in controlling infection, allowed evaluation of chemotherapeutic treatments for listeriosis, and contributed to quantitative assessments of the public health risk associated with L. monocytogenes contaminated food commodities. Nonetheless, a number of pivotal questions remain unresolved, including dose-response relationships, which represent essential components of risk assessments. Newly emerging data about species-specific differences have recently raised concern about the validity of most traditional animal models of listeriosis. However, considerable uncertainty about the best choice of animal model remains. Here we review the available data on traditional and potential new animal models to summarize currently recognized strengths and limitations of each model. This knowledge is instrumental for devising future studies and for interpreting current data. We deliberately chose a historical, comparative and cross-disciplinary approach, striving to reveal clues that may help predict the ultimate value of each animal model in spite of incomplete data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hoelzer
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20707, USA
| | - Régis Pouillot
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20707, USA
| | - Sherri Dennis
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20707, USA
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Konosonoka IH, Jemeljanovs A, Osmane B, Ikauniece D, Gulbe G. Incidence of Listeria spp. in Dairy Cows Feed and Raw Milk in Latvia. ISRN VETERINARY SCIENCE 2012; 2012:435187. [PMID: 23738125 PMCID: PMC3658541 DOI: 10.5402/2012/435187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Feed is a risk factor for poisoning the farm environment thus also fresh milk with pathogenic microorganisms of Listeria genus species. Listeria ivanovii, Listeria innocua, and Listeria seeligeri were isolated from 9.2%, but Listeria monocytogenes from 20.0% of feed samples. Most often different fodders (9.3%) and silage (4.7%) were contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes. Listeria genus species were isolated more often from feed prepared and used in organic dairy farm than from that used in conventional dairy farm, correspondingly 44.4% and 18.3%. No Listeria monocytogenes was found in bulk milk samples of organic dairy farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- I H Konosonoka
- Scientific Institute of Biotechnology and Veterinary Medicine (SIGRA), Latvia University of Agriculture, Instituta street No. 1, 2150 Sigulda, Latvia
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Bundrant BN, Hutchins T, den Bakker HC, Fortes E, Wiedmann M. Listeriosis Outbreak in Dairy Cattle Caused by an Unusual Listeria Monocytogenes Serotype 4b Strain. J Vet Diagn Invest 2011; 23:155-8. [DOI: 10.1177/104063871102300130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A listeriosis outbreak, in dairy cattle, with a high case mortality and acute death after onset of symptoms was investigated using gross pathology and bacteriologic approaches, including molecular characterization of a clinical Listeria monocytogenes isolate. In a herd of 315 animals, 9 animals showed clinical symptoms consistent with listeriosis, including 3 animals that died within 2–4 days after acute onset of clinical signs, 4 animals that were euthanized, and 2 that survived. Initial EcoRI ribotyping and serotyping indicated that this outbreak was caused by an unusual L. monocytogenes serotype 4b strain, which was classified into lineage III. Further characterization of this isolate by DNA sequencing–based subtyping methods indicated that the strain responsible for this outbreak represented a unique genotype as supported by its classification into a new sigB allelic type, which has not been identified previously among >290 isolates, and by compelling phylogenetic evidence. While lineage III isolates are generally rare, they seem to be more common among L. monocytogenes isolates from animals with clinical signs of listeriosis. This is the first report of a particularly severe clinical course of disease associated with infection by a lineage III strain. The high prevalence of Listeria spp., including L. monocytogenes, in the farm environments may favor emergence and evolution of novel, and possibly more virulent, L. monocytogenes strains. Continued monitoring of animal listeriosis cases and outbreaks may not only improve animal health but also aid in the early discovery of newly emerging L. monocytogenes strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany N. Bundrant
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | | | - Henk C. den Bakker
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Esther Fortes
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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20
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Tay E, Rajan M, Tuft S. Listeria monocytogenes sclerokeratitis: a case report and literature review. Cornea 2008; 27:947-9. [PMID: 18724160 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0b013e31816c4078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a case of Listeria monocytogenes sclerokeratitis and to review the literature. METHODS Case report. RESULTS A 25-year-old non-contact lens-wearing male rugby player was referred with progressive infective sclerokeratitis unresponsive to topical antivirals and antibiotics. On examination, visual acuity was perception of light, and a large corneal abscess with overlying epithelial defect and hypopyon was present. The corneal lesion was cheesy white and raised with nasal scleritis. This raised the suspicion of a fungal keratitis. Empirical treatment with intensive topical antifungals was unsuccessful. A previous corneal scrape had been negative for bacteria and fungi. A corneal biopsy was performed, and Listeria monocytogenes was eventually isolated from enrichment culture. Antibiotic sensitivities showed it to be resistant to cefuroxime, methicillin, and ceftazidime but sensitive to all other antibiotics tested including ofloxacin. The treatment course was complicated by a corneal perforation that needed an emergency therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty. Five months later, best-corrected visual acuity was 6/9 + 4, with a clear functioning graft. CONCLUSIONS Listeria monocytogenes is a rare cause of corneal/scleral infection in humans. It often runs an aggressive course and responds poorly to initial intensive antibiotic treatment despite favorable in vitro sensitivities. It can be difficult to culture, and we suggest a corneal biopsy with extended incubation to improve diagnostic yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Tay
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Laven RA, Lawrence KR. An outbreak of iritis and uveitis in dairy cattle at pasture associated with the supplementary feeding of baleage. N Z Vet J 2006; 54:151-2. [PMID: 16751847 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2006.36628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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