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van Dis EAM, Hagenaars MA, Engelhard IM. Mental threat rehearsal increases fear generalization. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2024; 82:101917. [PMID: 37984086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Fear generalization to harmless stimuli characterizes anxiety-related disorders, but much remains unknown about its determinants. Based on studies showing that mental imagery of threat can increase conditioned fear responding, we tested whether it also facilitates fear generalization, and whether threat inflation moderates this effect. METHODS In a fear conditioning study, 120 participants first completed an acquisition phase, in which one of two pictures was followed by an aversive sound (human scream). Then, the sound was presented 11 times at an increasing (threat inflation) or constant volume (no threat inflation). Finally, a generalization stimulus was presented, and some participants were asked to imagine the last sound (threat rehearsal) and others were not (no threat rehearsal). RESULTS Bayesian informative hypotheses tests indicated that imagery-based threat rehearsal increased generalization of threat expectancy, and, combined with threat inflation, it also resulted in stronger generalized distress. LIMITATIONS due to the absence of a test phase, it is unclear whether our effects would transfer to other GSs and whether they would persist beyond the manipulation phase. CONCLUSIONS Mental imagery of threat may put individuals at risk for fear generalization. Future studies should examine whether modulating imagery may prevent clinical anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva A M van Dis
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Iris M Engelhard
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
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Norweg A, Hofferber B, Maguire S, Oh C, Raveis VH, Simon NM. Breathing on the mind: Treating dyspnea and anxiety symptoms with biofeedback in chronic lung disease - A qualitative analysis. Respir Med 2024; 221:107505. [PMID: 38141864 PMCID: PMC10897906 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by dysfunctional breathing patterns that contribute to impaired lung function and symptoms of dyspnea, anxiety, and abnormal carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. OBJECTIVE The study objective was to measure the acceptability of a new mind-body intervention we developed called Capnography-Assisted, Learned Monitored (CALM) Breathing, implemented before pulmonary rehabilitation. METHODS CALM Breathing is a 4-week (8-session) intervention designed to treat dyspnea and anxiety in adults with COPD by targeting dysfunctional breathing behaviors (guided by end-tidal CO2 levels). CALM Breathing consists of ten core breathing exercises, CO2 biofeedback, and motivational interviewing. Using qualitative methods and semi-structured interviews immediately post-intervention, we evaluated the acceptability and participation process of CALM Breathing. Themes were identified using constant comparative analysis. RESULTS Sixteen participants were interviewed after receiving CALM Breathing. Three main themes of CALM Breathing were identified: (1) Process of learning self-regulated breathing, (2) Mechanisms of a mind-body intervention, (3) Clinical and implementation outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Positive themes supported the acceptability of CALM Breathing and described participants' process of learning more self-regulated breathing to manage their dyspnea and anxiety. Positive signals from qualitative participant feedback provided support for CALM Breathing as an intervention for COPD, but larger scale efficacy trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Norweg
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Brittany Hofferber
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sophia Maguire
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cheongeun Oh
- Department of Population Health (Biostatistics), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victoria H Raveis
- Department of Cariology and Comprehensive Care, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Naomi M Simon
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Norweg A, Hofferber B, Oh C, Spinner M, Stavrolakes K, Pavol M, DiMango A, Raveis VH, Murphy CG, Allegrante JP, Buchholz D, Zarate A, Simon N. Capnography-Assisted Learned, Monitored (CALM) breathing therapy for dysfunctional breathing in COPD: A bridge to pulmonary rehabilitation. Contemp Clin Trials 2023; 134:107340. [PMID: 37730198 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2023.107340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although dyspnea is a primary symptom of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), its treatment is suboptimal. In both COPD and acute anxiety, breathing patterns become dysregulated, contributing to abnormal CO2, dyspnea, and inefficient recovery from breathing challenges. While pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) improves dyspnea, only 1-2% of patients access it. Individuals with anxiety who use PR have worse outcomes. METHODS We present the protocol of a randomized controlled trial designed to determine the feasibility and acceptability of a new, four-week mind-body intervention that we developed, called "Capnography-Assisted Learned, Monitored (CALM) Breathing," as an adjunct to PR. Eligible participants are randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either CALM Breathing program or Usual Care. CALM Breathing consists of 10 core, slow breathing exercises combined with real time biofeedback (of end-tidal CO2, respiratory rate, and airflow) and motivational interviewing. CALM Breathing promotes self-regulated breathing, linking CO2 changes to dyspnea and anxiety symptoms and targeting breathing efficiency and self-efficacy in COPD. Participants are randomized to CALM Breathing or a Usual Care control group. RESULTS Primary outcomes include feasibility and acceptability metrics of recruitment efficiency, participant retention, intervention adherence and fidelity, PR facilitation, patient satisfaction, and favorable themes from interviews. Secondary outcomes include breathing biomarkers, symptoms, health-related quality of life, six-minute walk distance, lung function, mood, physical activity, and PR utilization and engagement. CONCLUSION By disrupting the cycle of dyspnea and anxiety, and providing a needed bridge to PR, CALM Breathing may address a substantive gap in healthcare and optimize treatment for patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Norweg
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Brittany Hofferber
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cheongeun Oh
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Spinner
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kimberly Stavrolakes
- Outpatient Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marykay Pavol
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angela DiMango
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victoria H Raveis
- Department of Cariology and Comprehensive Care, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles G Murphy
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John P Allegrante
- Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Buchholz
- Department of Primary Care, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alejandro Zarate
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Naomi Simon
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Endhoven B, De Cort K, Matthijssen SJMA, de Jongh A, van Minnen A, Duits P, Schruers KRJ, van Dis EAM, Krypotos AM, Gerritsen L, Engelhard IM. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy or supportive counseling prior to exposure therapy in patients with panic disorder: study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial (IMPROVE). BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:157. [PMID: 36918861 PMCID: PMC10011792 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04320-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure-based therapy is the treatment of choice for anxiety disorders, but many patients do not benefit sufficiently from it. Distressing images of threat related to the future or past may maintain the anxiety symptomatology or impede exposure therapy. An intervention that targets threat-related imagery is eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy. The main goal of this multicenter randomized controlled trial is to investigate whether EMDR therapy plus exposure therapy, relative to supportive counseling plus exposure therapy, improves treatment efficacy, tolerability, and adherence in patients with panic disorder. In addition, we will examine potential predictors of optimal treatment allocation, mechanisms of change as well as the long term effects of treatment. Finally, we will assess cost-effectiveness. METHODS A multicenter randomized controlled trial mixed design will be conducted. Participants will be 50 patients, aged ≥ 18, diagnosed with a panic disorder. They will be randomly assigned to one of two conditions: EMDR therapy (i.e., flashforward strategy) or supportive counseling (each consisting of four weekly sessions of 90 min each) prior to exposure therapy (consisting of eight weekly sessions of 90 min each). Assessments will be made pre-treatment (T1), between-treatments (T2), post-treatment (T3), one month post-treatment (FU1) and six months post-treatment (FU2) by an assessor blind to treatment condition. The primary outcome measure is severity of panic-related symptoms. Secondary outcome measures are: tolerability of exposure therapy (initial avoidance, willingness to start exposure therapy, considered drop-out; no-show and drop-out), related symptomatology (generalized anxiety, depression), and functional impairment. DISCUSSION The primary goals of this research are to compare the efficacy, tolerability, and adherence of EMDR therapy plus exposure therapy and supportive counseling plus exposure therapy and to identify predictors, moderators, and mediators for treatment success. This multi-center research aims to make a significant contribution to our understanding as to how treatment for patients with anxiety disorders can be optimized, and elucidate who can benefit most from this novel approach. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN-ISRCTN29668369: Improving anxiety treatment by modifying emotional memories before real-life exposure. Registered 27 June 2022-retrospectively registered. ISRCTN-ISRCTN29668369.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Endhoven
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, PO Box 80140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Altrecht Academic Anxiety Center, Nieuwe, Houtenseweg 12, 3524 SH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Klara De Cort
- Academic Anxiety Center, Mondriaan/PsyQ, Oranjeplein 10, 6624 KD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Suzy J M A Matthijssen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, PO Box 80140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Altrecht Academic Anxiety Center, Nieuwe, Houtenseweg 12, 3524 SH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ad de Jongh
- PSYTREC, Professor Bronkhorstlaan 2, 3723 MB, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam), Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Agnes van Minnen
- PSYTREC, Professor Bronkhorstlaan 2, 3723 MB, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, PO Box 9104, 6500HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Puck Duits
- Altrecht Academic Anxiety Center, Nieuwe, Houtenseweg 12, 3524 SH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Koen R J Schruers
- Academic Anxiety Center, Mondriaan/PsyQ, Oranjeplein 10, 6624 KD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Research Group Health Psychology, PO Box 3726, 3000, Leuven, KU, Belgium
| | - Eva A M van Dis
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, PO Box 80140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Angelos M Krypotos
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, PO Box 80140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Research Group Health Psychology, PO Box 3726, 3000, Leuven, KU, Belgium
| | - Lotte Gerritsen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, PO Box 80140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Iris M Engelhard
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, PO Box 80140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Altrecht Academic Anxiety Center, Nieuwe, Houtenseweg 12, 3524 SH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Norweg AM, Wu Y, Troxel A, Whiteson JH, Collins E, Haas F, Skamai A, Goldring R, Jean-Louis G, Reibman J, Ehrlich-Jones L, Simon N. Mind-Body Intervention for Dysfunctional Breathing in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Feasibility Study and Lessons Learned. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 2023; 29:156-168. [PMID: 36800224 PMCID: PMC10024272 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2022.0552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Dysfunctional breathing behaviors are prevalent in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although these behaviors contribute to dyspnea, abnormal carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, and COPD exacerbations, they are modifiable. Current dyspnea treatments for COPD are suboptimal, because they do not adequately address dysfunctional breathing behaviors and anxiety together. We developed a complementary mind-body breathlessness therapy, called capnography-assisted respiratory therapy (CART), that uses real-time CO2 biofeedback at the end of exhalation (end-tidal CO2 or ETCO2), to target dysfunctional breathing habits and improve dyspnea treatment and pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) adherence in COPD. The study aim was to test the feasibility of integrating CART with a traditional, clinic-based PR program in an urban setting. Methods: We used a feasibility pre- and post-test design, with 2:1 randomization to CART+PR or control (PR-alone) groups, to test and refine CART. Multi-component CART consisted of six, 1-h weekly sessions of slow breathing and mindfulness exercises, ETCO2 biofeedback, motivational counseling, and a home program. All participants were offered twice weekly, 1-h sessions of PR over 10 weeks (up to 20 sessions). Results: Thirty-one participants with COPD were enrolled in the study. Approximately a third of participants had symptoms of psychological distress. Results showed that CART was feasible and acceptable based on 74% session completion and 91.7% homework exercise completion (n = 22). Within-group effect sizes for CART+PR were moderate to large (Cohen's d = 0.51-1.22) for reduction in resting Borg dyspnea (anticipatory anxiety) and respiratory rate, St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) respiratory symptoms; and increase in Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) physical function and physical activity; all p < 0.05. Conclusions: CART is a new mind-body breathing therapy that targets eucapnic breathing, interoceptive function, and self-regulated breathing to relieve dyspnea and anxiety symptoms in COPD. Study findings supported the feasibility of CART and showed preliminary signals that CART may improve exercise tolerance, reduce dyspnea, and enhance PR completion by targeting reduced dysfunctional breathing patterns (CTR No. NCT03457103).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Migliore Norweg
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yinxiang Wu
- Department of Population Health, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Troxel
- Department of Population Health, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan H. Whiteson
- Department of Rehabilitation, and New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eileen Collins
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Francois Haas
- Department of Rehabilitation, and New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne Skamai
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roberta Goldring
- Department of Medicine, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Girardin Jean-Louis
- Department of Population Health, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joan Reibman
- Department of Medicine, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Naomi Simon
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Sedentary behaviour, but not moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, is associated with respiratory responses to acute psychological stress. Biol Psychol 2023; 177:108510. [PMID: 36716988 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute psychological stress induces respiratory responses, and stress-induced respiratory changes can be used to non-invasively reflect metabolic regulation. Respiratory and cardiovascular responses to stress are both driven by sympathetic mechanisms. Higher volumes of sedentary behaviour and lower volumes of physical activity are associated with elevated sympathetic tone and larger cardiovascular responses to stress. The aim of this study was to test whether these associations translate to measures of respiratory stress reactivity. METHODS Daily hours of sedentary behaviour (thigh-mounted activPAL) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; wrist-mounted ActiGraph) were assessed across seven days. Breath-by-breath respiratory (e.g., breathing frequency [BF], end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure [PetCO2], carbon dioxide output [V̇CO2] and respiratory exchange ratio [RER]) responses to an 8-min Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test were then measured using a Cortex MetaLyzer3B. RESULTS Healthy participants (N = 61, mean age ± SD = 25.7 ± 8.9 years) recorded high volumes of sedentary behaviour (9.96 ± 1.48 h/day) and MVPA (1.70 ± 0.71 h/day). In adjusted models (with the inclusion of sedentary behaviour, MVPA, and other a priori selected covariates) hours of daily sedentary behaviour were associated with baseline to stress changes in BF (Β = 0.695, 95% CI = 0.281 - 1.109, p = .014), VT (Β = -0.042, 95% CI = -0.058 - -0.026, p = .014), PetCO2 (Β = -0.537, 95% CI = -0.829 - -0.245, p = .014), V̇CO2 (Β = -0.008, 95% CI = -0.014 - -0.003, p = .030), and RER (Β = -0.013, 95% CI = -0.021 - -0.005, p = .022). Daily hours of MVPA were not linked with respiratory responses to stress. DISCUSSION Sedentary behaviour, but not MVPA, is associated with respiratory stress reactivity. Future work should untangle the underlying mechanisms of these findings and explore the consequences for cardiometabolic disease.
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Zemestani M, Davoudi F, Farhadi A, Gallagher MW. A preliminary examination of unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders in patients with panic disorder: a single-case experimental design in Iran. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2022; 35:701-718. [PMID: 34632890 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2021.1990269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The majority of patients suffering from anxiety disorders in low- and middle-income countries do not receive evidence-based treatments. The Unified Protocol (UP) for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders is an evidence-based cognitive-behavioral intervention designed to treat the range of emotional disorders. DESIGN AND METHODS Using a single-case experimental design five patients with panic disorder were assigned to a 3-week baselines assessment phase followed by eight sessions of UP treatment and 4-week follow-up phases. Multiple outcome measures of panic severity, anxiety sensitivity, affectivity, and overall anxiety severity and impairment were administered weekly during the baseline, intervention, and follow-up phases. RESULTS At post treatment, all participants showed significant reductions in outcome measures, with changes functionally related to treatment and most improvements maintained at 4-week follow-up. CONCLUSION Findings provide preliminary cross-cultural support for UP and add to the growing body of literature showing UP can be useful for patients with anxiety disorders in low- and middle-income countries with non-Western cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Zemestani
- Department of Psychology, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Davoudi
- Department of Psychology, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ali Farhadi
- Department of Social Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Matthew W Gallagher
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Cognitive Behavioral Training and Positive Psychology Training for Pregnant Women’s Psychological Health. PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12646-022-00673-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Voorendonk EM, Sanches SA, Tollenaar MS, De Jongh A, Van Minnen A. Augmenting PTSD treatment with physical activity: study protocol of the APPART study (Augmentation for PTSD with Physical Activity in a Randomized Trial). Eur J Psychotraumatol 2022; 13:2016219. [PMID: 35126881 PMCID: PMC8812732 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.2016219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New intensive trauma-focused treatment (TFT) programmes that incorporate physical activity have been developed for people with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the unique contribution of physical activity within these intensive TFT programmes has never been investigated in a controlled manner. OBJECTIVES This randomized controlled trial will investigate the effectiveness of physical activity added to an intensive TFT programme. In addition, the study aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the effects of physical activity on the change in PTSD symptoms. METHODS Individuals with PTSD (N = 120) will be randomly allocated to two conditions: a physical activity or a non-physical active control condition. All participants will receive the same intensive TFT lasting eight days within two consecutive weeks, in which daily prolonged exposure and EMDR therapy sessions, and psycho-education are combined. The amount of physical activity will differ per condition. While the physical activity condition induces daily physical activities with moderate intensity, in the non-physical active control condition no physical activity is prescribed; but instead, a controlled mixture of guided (creative) tasks is performed. The two primary outcome measures are change in PTSD symptoms from pre- to post-treatment and at six months follow-up, measured with the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5), and the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Additionally, self-reported sleep problems, depressive symptoms, emotion regulation, dissociation symptoms and anxiety sensitivity will be measured as potential underlying mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS This study will contribute to the research field of augmentation strategies for PTSD treatment by investigating the effectiveness of physical activity added to intensive TFT. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial is registered in the Netherlands Trial Register (Trial NL9120).
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Voorendonk
- Research Department, PSYTREC, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Behavioural Science Institute (BSI), Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S A Sanches
- Phrenos Centre of Expertise for Severe Mental Illness, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M S Tollenaar
- Clinical Psychology and the Leiden Institute of Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A De Jongh
- Research Department, PSYTREC, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,School of Psychology, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland.,Institute of Health and Society, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
| | - A Van Minnen
- Research Department, PSYTREC, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Behavioural Science Institute (BSI), Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Sauer-Zavala S, Rosellini AJ, Bentley KH, Ametaj AA, Boswell JF, Cassiello-Robbins C, Wilner Tirpak J, Farchione TJ, Barlow DH. Skill Acquisition During Transdiagnostic Treatment With the Unified Protocol. Behav Ther 2021; 52:1325-1338. [PMID: 34656189 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Unified Protocol (UP) for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders is an emotion-focused, cognitive-behavioral intervention developed to address the full range of anxiety, depressive, and related disorders. The UP consists of core therapeutic skills that, though unique in focus, are each designed to promote an approach-oriented stance toward emotional experiences. The goal of the present investigation was to characterize changes in these skills for patients that received a course of treatment with the UP, as well as to examine associations between skills and symptoms changes. Patients with principal anxiety disorders, assigned to receive treatment with the UP (N = 88) as part of a randomized controlled trial, were included in this study. They completed validated self-report measures of UP skills (Understanding Emotions, Mindful Emotion Awareness, Cognitive Flexibility, Countering Emotional Behaviors, and Interoceptive Awareness and Tolerance), as well as clinician-rated measures of psychological symptoms. Skill measures improved significantly over the course of 12 to 16 UP treatment sessions and changes in these skills measures were associated with improvements in anxiety symptoms. Determining whether improvement on all the skills learned during a course of treatment with UP is associated with symptom remission is critical to establishing the most streamlined and efficient interventions that may ultimately be best suited to widespread dissemination.
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van Dis EAM, Landkroon E, Hagenaars MA, van der Does FHS, Engelhard IM. Old Fears Die Hard: Return of Public Speaking Fear in a Virtual Reality Procedure. Behav Ther 2021; 52:1188-1197. [PMID: 34452672 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure-based therapy is an effective treatment for social anxiety, but some patients relapse. We used a novel virtual reality procedure to examine spontaneous recovery (i.e., a return of fear over time) and fear renewal (i.e., the return of fear after a context switch) in individuals with fear of public speaking. On Day 1, 32 participants received exposure training before a virtual audience. On Day 8, participants completed a spontaneous recovery phase, followed by a fear renewal test, in which they gave a presentation in front of a new (context switch) or the same audience (no context switch). After exposure, participants exhibited a lower heart rate, subjective distress, negative valence, and arousal. One week later, participants showed spontaneous recovery of heart rate, and the context switch group showed renewal of subjective distress, negative valence, and arousal. Future studies can use this procedure to test interventions aimed at improving long-term exposure effects in individuals with public speaking fear.
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Rosenbloom BN, Slepian PM, Pagé MG, Isaac L, Campbell F, Stinson J, Katz J. Differential Risk Factor Profiles in the Prediction of General and Pain-Specific Functional Limitations 12 Months after Major Pediatric Surgery. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8050360. [PMID: 33946246 PMCID: PMC8146066 DOI: 10.3390/children8050360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric chronic post-surgical pain is a surgical complication associated with various levels of functional limitation. Two commonly used measures of functional limitations in youth are the Functional Disability Inventory (FDI) and the PROMIS Pediatric Pain Interference Scale (PPIS), where the former is general, and the latter, pain specific. The aim of the present study was to prospectively compare pre-surgical youth and parent risk factors for youth functional limitations, assessed by the FDI and PPIS, 12 months after major pediatric surgery. Risk factors for the FDI and PPIS were compared in 79 dyads consisting of youth (58% female, M = 14.56 years; SD = 2.31) undergoing major surgery and one of their parents. The FDI and PPIS were highly correlated prior to surgery (r = 0.698, p < 0.001) and even more so 12 months after surgery (r = 0.807, p < 0.001). Parent pre-surgical anxiety sensitivity and youth pre-surgical functional disability significantly predicted 12-month FDI (F(6,56) = 4.443, p = 0.001, Adjusted R2 = 0.25), whereas parent pre-surgical anxiety sensitivity, trait anxiety, pain anxiety, as well as youth pain-related anxiety and worry significantly predicted 12-month PPIS (F(6,45) = 4.104, p = 0.002, Adjusted R2 = 0.27). Risk factors for 12-month general and pain-specific functional limitations differ by dyad member and type. Functional limitations in youth after surgery are predicted by youth and parent factors, however the risk factors differ between the FDI and the PPIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany N. Rosenbloom
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada;
- Correspondence: (B.N.R.); (J.K.); Tel.: +416-636-2100 (B.N.R.); +416-636-2100 (J.K.)
| | - P. Maxwell Slepian
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada;
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - M. Gabrielle Pagé
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada;
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Lisa Isaac
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; (L.I.); (F.C.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Fiona Campbell
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; (L.I.); (F.C.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jennifer Stinson
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Child Health Evaluative Sciences Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada;
- Lawrence S Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P8, Canada
| | - Joel Katz
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada;
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Correspondence: (B.N.R.); (J.K.); Tel.: +416-636-2100 (B.N.R.); +416-636-2100 (J.K.)
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13
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Tsekova V, Lenton-Brym AP, Rogojanski J, Hood HK, Vorstenbosch V, McCabe RE, Antony MM. Psychometric properties of the Ryerson Social Anxiety Scales in individuals with social anxiety disorder. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2021; 34:559-570. [PMID: 33403859 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2020.1870108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although numerous self-report measures of social anxiety exist, most instruments assess symptom severity by examining the range of social situations that provoke anxiety, rather than the distress and impairment associated with social anxiety. The Ryerson Social Anxiety Scales (RSAS; Lenton-Brym, A. P., Rogojanski, J., Hood, H. K., Vorstenbosch, V., McCabe, R. E., & Antony, M. M. (2020). Development and validation of the Ryerson Social Anxiety Scales (RSAS). Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 33(6), 642-660), a measure assessing breadth of social anxiety inducing situations and severity of associated distress and impairment, was recently developed to fill this gap. The present study is the first to investigate the psychometric properties of the RSAS in a clinical sample. METHOD/DESIGN Participants included 110 individuals with a principal diagnosis of social anxiety disorder (SAD). A subsample of participants (n = 23) completed cognitive-behavioural group treatment (CBGT) for SAD. RESULTS The RSAS demonstrated excellent internal consistency. Examination of the correlations between the RSAS and other conceptually related and distinct measures supported the convergent and discriminant validity of the RSAS. The RSAS was also sensitive to changes in severity of social anxiety following CBGT. CONCLUSION The RSAS is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the severity of SAD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Heather K Hood
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Randi E McCabe
- Anxiety Treatment and Research Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Martin M Antony
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
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Elsey JWB, Bekker TA, De Bree AM, Kindt M. Encoding or consolidation? The effects of pre- and post-learning propranolol on the impact of an emotional scene. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2020; 67:101480. [PMID: 31122650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.101480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Researchers have conceived of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a disorder of memory, and proposed that blocking the impact of stress-related noradrenaline release in the aftermath of trauma may be a way of preventing the 'over-consolidation' of trauma-related memories. Experimental research in humans has been limited by typically focusing on declarative memory for emotional stories, and has mainly given propranolol before learning. In contrast, the clinical studies that we comprehensively review are hampered by practical challenges, such as reliably administering propranolol in a time window sufficiently close to the traumatic event. In this study, we aimed to assess the impact of both pre- and post-learning propranolol on emotional and declarative memory for an emotional scene, using the 'trauma film paradigm'. METHODS To control for drug and timing effects, participants received a pill (40 mg propranolol or placebo) both 60 min before and within 5 min after viewing a 12 min, emotionally arousing trauma film, and were assigned to one of the three conditions: propranolol-placebo (n = 25), placebo-propranolol (n = 25), or placebo-placebo (n = 25). We assessed participants' immediate emotional responses to the scene, as well as delayed impact (intrusions, Impact of Events Scale) and declarative memory. RESULTS Using Bayesian informative hypothesis testing, we found that pre-learning propranolol reduced the initial emotional impact of the 'trauma film'. However, we did not find strong evidence for an impact of pre- or post-learning propranolol on later consequences of having watched the emotional film (intrusions, Impact of Events, or tests of declarative memory). Exploratorily restricting analyses to women, we did find evidence suggesting that pre-encoding propranolol could reduce the rate of intrusions and self-reported negative impact of the emotional scene one week later. LIMITATIONS Floor effects in the delayed impact of the emotional scene could preclude observing differences as a function of propranolol, and propranolol dosage may need to be increased. CONCLUSIONS An impact of propranolol on encoding could raise difficulties in interpretation when only pre-encoding propranolol is used to make inferences about consolidation. We discuss the challenges of elucidating the mechanistic underpinnings of propranolol's reported effects on memory.
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15
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Rosenbloom BN, Pagé MG, Isaac L, Campbell F, Stinson JN, Wright JG, Katz J. Pediatric Chronic Postsurgical Pain And Functional Disability: A Prospective Study Of Risk Factors Up To One Year After Major Surgery. J Pain Res 2019; 12:3079-3098. [PMID: 31814752 PMCID: PMC6858804 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s210594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) is a surgical complication associated with increased functional disability, psychological distress, and economic costs. The aims of this paper were to prospectively: (1) examine the incidence of CPSP 6 and 12 months after pediatric major surgery; (2) identify pain intensity and pain unpleasantness trajectories before, and up to 12 months after, surgery; (3) identify pre-operative factors that predict pain trajectory group membership; and (4) identify predictors of 12-month functional disability. METHODS This study followed 265 children aged 8-17 years at four time points (pre-surgical [T0], in-hospital [T1], 6 [T2] and 12 [T3] months after surgery). Children and parents completed pain and psychological questionnaires. In-hospital physical activity was monitored using actigraphy. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The incidence of moderate-to-severe CPSP at 6 and 12 months was 35% (95% CI 29.1% to 41.9%) and 38% (95% CI 32.4% to 45.1%), respectively. Three percent (95% CI 1.17% to 6.23%) and 4% (95% CI 1.45% to 6.55%) of children reported using opioids to manage pain at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Growth mixture modeling revealed a two-class trajectory model with a quadratic slope best fit the data for both pain intensity (Bayesian information criterion [BIC] = 3977.03) and pain unpleasantness (BIC = 3644.45) over the 12 months. Preoperative functional disability and cumulative in-hospital opioid consumption predicted pain intensity trajectories. Preoperative functional disability predicted pain unpleasantness trajectories. Preoperative functional disability (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.09) and pain unpleasantness trajectories (OR: 2.59, 95% CI: 1.05 to 6.37) predicted 12-month moderate-to-severe functional disability. CONCLUSION Pre-surgical functional disability is the only factor that predicts both 12-month functional disability and the course of pain intensity and pain unpleasantness ratings over the 12-month period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Gabrielle Pagé
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Lisa Isaac
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fiona Campbell
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer N Stinson
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, and Lawrence S Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James G Wright
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto and the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joel Katz
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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16
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Boelen PA. Intolerance of uncertainty predicts analogue posttraumatic stress following adverse life events. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2019; 32:498-504. [DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2019.1623881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Boelen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Arq Psychotrauma Expert Group, Diemen, the Netherlands
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17
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Qi J, Rappaport LM, Cecilione J, Hettema JM, Roberson-Nay R. Differential Associations of Distress Tolerance and Anxiety Sensitivity With Adolescent Internalizing Psychopathology. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 50:97-104. [PMID: 31059291 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2019.1602838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Distress tolerance and anxiety sensitivity may differentiate among internalizing disorders, though few studies have examined differential associations of distress tolerance and anxiety sensitivity with depression and anxiety symptoms while adjusting for their intercorrelation. In an adolescent genetic epidemiological sample (ages 15-21), the present study (N = 848, 56.97% female) examined concurrent associations of distress tolerance and anxiety sensitivity with internalizing psychopathology (i.e., symptoms of depression, anxiety, and general stress) at baseline and prospective, predictive associations of baseline distress tolerance and anxiety sensitivity with internalizing psychopathology at 2-year follow-up. In addition, the present study assessed distress tolerance with two laboratory-based tasks, a carbon dioxide challenge and the mirror-tracing task, to distinguish between tolerance of physiological and cognitive distress, respectively. Elevated anxiety sensitivity was broadly associated with elevated symptoms of internalizing psychopathology at baseline and prospectively predicted elevated depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms at 2-year follow-up. Higher tolerance of cognitive distress was associated with lower concurrent anxiety symptoms but not with anxiety symptoms at follow-up. The present results clarify previously mixed findings; during adolescence, anxiety sensitivity showed broad concurrent and prospective associations with internalizing disorder risk whereas distress tolerance, specifically regarding cognitive distress, was associated with only elevated concurrent anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Qi
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Lance M Rappaport
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University.,Department of Psychology, University of Windsor
| | - Jennifer Cecilione
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - John M Hettema
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Roxann Roberson-Nay
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
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18
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Anxiety sensitivity, its stability and longitudinal association with severity of anxiety symptoms. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4314. [PMID: 30867472 PMCID: PMC6416311 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39931-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety sensitivity is associated with the onset of panic attacks, anxiety, and other common mental disorders. Anxiety sensitivity is usually seen as a relative stable trait. However, previous studies were inconclusive regarding the longitudinal stability of anxiety sensitivity and differed in study designs and outcomes. The current study examines the stability of anxiety sensitivity over time and its longitudinal associations with severity of anxiety symptoms. Participants from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety with and without an anxiety, depressive, or comorbid anxiety-depressive disorder diagnosis were included (N = 2052). Stability in anxiety sensitivity over two year follow-up and the longitudinal association between the change in anxiety sensitivity and change in severity of anxiety symptoms were tested. Results indicated that two-year stability of anxiety sensitivity was high (r = 0.72), yet this test-retest estimate leaves room for changes in anxiety sensitivity in some individuals as well. Change in anxiety sensitivity was positively associated with change in severity of anxiety symptoms (B = 0.64 in univariable analysis and B = 0.52 in multivariable analysis). The longitudinal association of anxiety sensitivity with severity of anxiety symptoms indicates that targeting anxiety sensitivity may be of additional benefit in clinical practice.
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19
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Boswell JF, Anderson LM, Oswald JM, Reilly EE, Gorrell S, Anderson DA. A preliminary naturalistic clinical case series study of the feasibility and impact of interoceptive exposure for eating disorders. Behav Res Ther 2019; 117:54-64. [PMID: 30797537 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent literature suggests that individuals with eating disorders demonstrate altered interoceptive processing, which may relate to the maintenance of symptoms and thus represent a salient treatment target. Adopting treatment techniques effective for other conditions characterized by disturbed interoceptive processes (e.g., anxiety disorders) could aid in improving the outcomes of psychological interventions for eating disorders. The current investigation was a naturalistic case series (N = 4) that examined adjunctive interoceptive exposure (IE) for eating disorders, with an emphasis on evaluating the feasibility, acceptability, and impact of this intervention on anxiety sensitivity, interoceptive deficits, and eating disorder symptoms. Results suggested that all individuals who received 4 consecutive sessions of traditional and eating-disorder-specific IE exercises demonstrated decreases in interoceptive deficits and subjective distress. Results for anxiety sensitivity and eating disorder symptoms were encouraging yet more mixed. Findings also generally suggested that the intervention was feasible and acceptable, yet between-session practice compliance varied considerably among participants. Overall, we describe how IE may be used to target interoceptive deficits in eating disorders and provide preliminary evidence of how this may be accomplished within naturalistic intensive outpatient settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Boswell
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, USA.
| | | | - Jennifer M Oswald
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, USA
| | - Erin E Reilly
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Sasha Gorrell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Drew A Anderson
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, USA
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20
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The error-related negativity for error processing in interoception. Neuroimage 2019; 184:386-395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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21
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Cecilione JL, Rappaport LM, Hahn SE, Anderson AE, Hazlett LE, Burchett JR, Moore AA, Savage JE, Hettema JM, Roberson-Nay R. Genetic and Environmental Contributions of Negative Valence Systems to Internalizing Pathways. Twin Res Hum Genet 2018; 21:12-23. [PMID: 29369039 PMCID: PMC5884079 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2017.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The genetic and environmental contributions of negative valence systems (NVS) to internalizing pathways study (also referred to as the Adolescent and Young Adult Twin Study) was designed to examine varying constructs of the NVS as they relate to the development of internalizing disorders from a genetically informed perspective. The goal of this study was to evaluate genetic and environmental contributions to potential psychiatric endophenotypes that contribute to internalizing psychopathology by studying adolescent and young adult twins longitudinally over a 2-year period. This report details the sample characteristics, study design, and methodology of this study. The first wave of data collection (i.e., time 1) is complete; the 2-year follow-up (i.e., time 2) is currently underway. A total of 430 twin pairs (N = 860 individual twins; 166 monozygotic pairs; 57.2% female) and 422 parents or legal guardians participated at time 1. Twin participants completed self-report surveys and participated in experimental paradigms to assess processes within the NVS. Additionally, parents completed surveys to report on themselves and their twin children. Findings from this study will help clarify the genetic and environmental influences of the NVS and their association with internalizing risk. The goal of this line of research is to develop methods for early internalizing disorder risk detection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lance M Rappaport
- Department of Psychiatry,Virginia Commonwealth University,Richmond,Virginia,USA
| | - Shannon E Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry,Virginia Commonwealth University,Richmond,Virginia,USA
| | - Audrey E Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry,Virginia Commonwealth University,Richmond,Virginia,USA
| | - Laura E Hazlett
- Department of Psychiatry,Virginia Commonwealth University,Richmond,Virginia,USA
| | - Jason R Burchett
- Department of Psychiatry,Virginia Commonwealth University,Richmond,Virginia,USA
| | - Ashlee A Moore
- Department of Psychiatry,Virginia Commonwealth University,Richmond,Virginia,USA
| | - Jeanne E Savage
- Department of Psychiatry,Virginia Commonwealth University,Richmond,Virginia,USA
| | - John M Hettema
- Department of Psychiatry,Virginia Commonwealth University,Richmond,Virginia,USA
| | - Roxann Roberson-Nay
- Department of Psychiatry,Virginia Commonwealth University,Richmond,Virginia,USA
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Pacek LR, Herrmann ES, Smith MT, Vandrey R. Sleep continuity, architecture and quality among treatment-seeking cannabis users: An in-home, unattended polysomnographic study. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2017; 25:295-302. [PMID: 28782982 PMCID: PMC6309181 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to describe self-report and objectively measured sleep characteristics of adult treatment-seeking cannabis users. Study participants (n = 87) were adults who were screened for a 12-week outpatient cannabis treatment research program in Baltimore, MD. Participants completed objective and self-report measures of sleep quality. Data were analyzed for the sample overall and after stratifying by sex (54 men, 33 women). Participants were primarily urban, socioeconomically disadvantaged African Americans. Participants were frequent, heavy cannabis users; among a subset of participants assessed, 76.7% used cannabis on the day/night of the assessment. Participants had low rates of other substance abuse and of psychiatric comorbidities. Polysomnography indicated 19.5% of participants received the recommended 7 to 9 hr of sleep, with women averaging more sleep than men. One third (31.0%) had sleep latencies >30 min, one half spent >30 min awake after sleep onset, and more than one half of the sample (55.2%) had sleep efficiency scores of <85%. Most participants met criteria for subthreshold (36.8%) or clinical insomnia (25.3%) on the Insomnia Severity Index, 77.0% had scores of >5 on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Most had average scores on the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes About Sleep (DBAS) questionnaire (M = 51.1, SD = 18.8) that were higher than average among clinical insomnia patients. Women had higher DBAS scores than men. Most participants exhibited characteristics of disordered sleep, and sex differences were observed on polysomnography and self-report measures. Findings extend prior research concerning the association between cannabis use and disordered sleep. Data presented in this article come from Clinical Trial NCT01685073. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R. Pacek
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, MD, USA
| | - Evan S. Herrmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, MD, USA
- Division on Substance Abuse, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, NY, USA
| | - Michael T. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, MD, USA
| | - Ryan Vandrey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, MD, USA
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Panayiotou G, Michaelides MP, Theodorou M, Neophytou K. Identifying sub-categories of social fears using an alternative factor analytic structure of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory. Psychiatry Res 2017; 251:304-311. [PMID: 28236783 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study evaluates an alternative factor structure of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (Turner et al., 1989), a widely used measure of social anxiety. Existing models ignore variance due to the different social contexts where social fears are expressed. METHOD Taking a different approach to scoring than previous studies, this investigation proposes a new model, which, in addition to 4-5 symptom dimensions, is able to capture the situations (strangers, authority figures, members of the opposite sex and people in general) that are of concern to the examinee. To test this model, all 96 items of the Social Phobia scale, rather than the average of the sub-items of its 23 questions were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis. RESULTS The model shows good fit and is superior to models ignoring the "situation" factors, which show good predictive validity in respect to real life demographics. CONCLUSION Utilization of all single questions of the SPAI can capture a wider range of social fears related to social anxiety than using the average of the items, which has implications for the understanding and clinical assessment of social anxiety.
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24
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Panayiotou G, Karekla M, Leonidou C. Coping through avoidance may explain gender disparities in anxiety. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Riddle-Walker L, Veale D, Chapman C, Ogle F, Rosko D, Najmi S, Walker LM, Maceachern P, Hicks T. Cognitive behaviour therapy for specific phobia of vomiting (Emetophobia): A pilot randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord 2016; 43:14-22. [PMID: 27472452 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This is the first randomised controlled trial to evaluate a protocol for cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for a Specific Phobia of Vomiting (SPOV) compared with a wait list and to use assessment scales that are specific for a SPOV. METHOD 24 participants (23 women and 1 man) were randomly allocated to either 12 sessions of CBT or a wait list. RESULTS At the end of the treatment, CBT was significantly more efficacious than the wait list with a large effect size (Cohen's d=1.53) on the Specific Phobia of Vomiting Inventory between the two groups after 12 sessions. Six (50%) of the participants receiving CBT achieved clinically significant change compared to 2 (16%) participants in the wait list group. Eight (58.3%) participants receiving CBT achieved reliable improvement compared to 2 (16%) participants in the wait list group. CONCLUSIONS A SPOV is a condition treatable by CBT but further developments are required to increase efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Riddle-Walker
- Argosy University, San Diego Campus, College of Behavioral Sciences, CA, USA.
| | - David Veale
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | | | | | - Donna Rosko
- Argosy University, San Diego Campus, College of Behavioral Sciences, CA, USA
| | - Sadia Najmi
- San Diego State University, Department of Psychology CA, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas Hicks
- Argosy University, San Diego Campus, College of Behavioral Sciences, CA, USA
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Panayiotou G, Panteli M, Theodorou M. Predictors of loneliness in a sample of college men and women in Cyprus: The role of anxiety and social skills. PSYCHOLOGY, COMMUNITY & HEALTH 2016. [DOI: 10.5964/pch.v5i1.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This investigation examined the association between social anxiety and loneliness, and the role of associated characteristics specifically self-esteem, social skills and anxiety sensitivity, among young adults in Cyprus, and potential gender differences in the prediction of perceived loneliness. Method Questionnaires on loneliness, social skills, anxiety sensitivity and self-esteem were administered to a college sample in Cyprus. Results Mediated regression supported full mediation by social skills and self-esteem, but not by anxiety sensitivity in the association between social anxiety and loneliness. For men, loneliness was mostly predicted by anxiety sensitivity, but among women by poor social skills and lower self-esteem. For neither gender were these effects moderated by social anxiety level. Conclusion Social anxiety and loneliness are related but distinct constructs. Interventions focusing on social skill acquisition and practice, and anxiety tolerance for men may improve confidence and ultimately result in decreased loneliness among youth.
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Schroijen M, Fantoni S, Rivera C, Vervliet B, Schruers K, van den Bergh O, van Diest I. Defensive activation to (un)predictable interoceptive threat: The NPU respiratory threat test (NPUr). Psychophysiology 2016; 53:905-13. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Simona Fantoni
- Health Psychology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
- Department of General Psychology; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Carmen Rivera
- Health Psychology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
- Faculty of Psychology; Universidad de Sevilla; Seville Spain
| | - Bram Vervliet
- Health Psychology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Koen Schruers
- Health Psychology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology; Academic Anxiety Center, Maastricht University; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | | | - Ilse van Diest
- Health Psychology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
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Nowakowski ME, Rowa K, Antony MM, McCabe R. Changes in Anxiety Sensitivity Following Group Cognitive-Behavior Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder and Panic Disorder. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-015-9750-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Boudreau M, Lavoie KL, Cartier A, Trutshnigg B, Morizio A, Lemière C, Bacon SL. Do asthma patients with panic disorder really have worse asthma? A comparison of physiological and psychological responses to a methacholine challenge. Respir Med 2015; 109:1250-6. [PMID: 26383174 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panic disorder (PD) has been linked to worse asthma outcomes. Some suggest that asthmatics with PD have worse underlying asthma; others argue that worse outcomes are a result of their tendency to over-report symptoms. This study aimed to measure physiological and psychological responses to a simulated asthma attack (methacholine challenge test: MCT) in asthmatics with and without PD. METHODS Asthmatics with (n = 19) and without (n = 20) PD were recruited to undergo a MCT. Patients completed subjective symptom questionnaires (Panic Symptom Scale, Borg Scale) before and after a MCT. Physiological measures including heart rate (HR), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) were also recorded. RESULTS Analyses, adjusting for age and sex, revealed no difference in methacholine concentration required to induce a 20% drop in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1: F = 0.21, p = .652). However, PD patients reported worse subjective symptoms, including greater ratings of dyspnea (F = 8.81, p = .006) and anxiety (F = 9.44, p = .004), although they exhibited lower levels of physiological arousal (i.e., HR, SBP/DBP). An interaction effect also indicated that PD, relative to non-PD, patients reported more panic symptoms post-MCT (F = 5.05, p = .031). CONCLUSIONS Asthmatics with PD report higher levels of subjective distress, despite exhibiting lower levels of physiological arousal, with no evidence of greater airway responsiveness. Results suggest that worse outcomes in PD patients may be more likely due to a catastrophization of bodily symptoms, rather than worse underlying asthma. Interventions designed to educate patients on how to distinguish and manage anxiety in the context of asthma are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine Boudreau
- Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 Gouin West, Montréal, Québec, H4J 1C5, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Quebec at Montreal (UQAM), P.O. Box 8888, Succursale Center-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Kim L Lavoie
- Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 Gouin West, Montréal, Québec, H4J 1C5, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Quebec at Montreal (UQAM), P.O. Box 8888, Succursale Center-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3P8, Canada; Université de Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - André Cartier
- Université de Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Barbara Trutshnigg
- Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 Gouin West, Montréal, Québec, H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Alexandre Morizio
- Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 Gouin West, Montréal, Québec, H4J 1C5, Canada; Department of Exercise Science, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Catherine Lemière
- Université de Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Simon L Bacon
- Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 Gouin West, Montréal, Québec, H4J 1C5, Canada; Department of Exercise Science, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada.
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Israel JI, White KS, Farmer CC, Pardue CM, Gervino EV. Heart-Focused Anxiety in Patients With Noncardiac Chest Pain: Structure and Validity. Assessment 2015; 24:95-103. [PMID: 26271489 DOI: 10.1177/1073191115597059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Heart-focused anxiety (HFA) is a fear of cardiac sensations driven by worries of physical health catastrophe. HFA is impairing and distressing and has been shown to disproportionately affect individuals with noncardiac chest pain (NCCP), chest pain that persists in the absence of an identifiable source. The Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire (CAQ) is a measure designed to assess HFA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties and factor structure of the CAQ in a sample of 229 adults diagnosed with NCCP. Results demonstrated that the CAQ is a useful measure of HFA in patients with NCCP and that a four-factor model including fear of cardiac sensations, avoidance of activities that elicit cardiac sensations, heart-focused attention, and reassurance seeking was the best fit for the data. Additionally, associations between CAQ subscales and two measures of health-related behaviors-pain-related interference and health care utilization-provided evidence of concurrent validity. Treatment implications are also discussed.
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Hiller RM, Halligan SL, Ariyanayagam R, Dalgleish T, Smith P, Yule W, Glucksman E, Watson P, Meiser-Stedman R. Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Trajectories in Parents of Children Exposed to Motor Vehicle Collisions. J Pediatr Psychol 2015; 41:108-16. [DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsv068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Panayiotou G, Karekla M, Panayiotou M. Direct and indirect predictors of social anxiety: The role of anxiety sensitivity, behavioral inhibition, experiential avoidance and self-consciousness. Compr Psychiatry 2014; 55:1875-82. [PMID: 25214373 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Using mediated and moderated regression, this study examined the hypothesis that anxiety sensitivity, the tendency to be concerned about anxiety symptoms, and behavioral inhibition, the tendency to withdraw from novel and potentially dangerous stimuli, predict social anxiety indirectly through experiential avoidance as measured by the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II and self-consciousness, as measured by the Self-Consciousness Scale. Behavioral inhibition and anxiety sensitivity are operationalized as temperamental traits, while experiential avoidance and self-consciousness are seen as learned emotion regulation strategies. Study 1 included college student groups from Cyprus scoring high and low on social anxiety (N=64 and N=63) as measured by the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory. Study 2 examined a random community sample aged 18-65 (N=324) treating variables as continuous and using the Psychiatric Disorders Screening Questionnaire to screen for social anxiety. Results suggest that experiential avoidance, but not self-consciousness mediates the effects of anxiety sensitivity on predicting social anxiety status, but that behavioral inhibition predicts social anxiety directly and not through the proposed mediators. Moderation effects were not supported. Overall, the study finds that social anxiety symptomatology is predicted not only by behavioral inhibition, but also anxiety sensitivity, when individuals take actions to avoid anxious experiences. Modifying such avoidant coping approaches may be more beneficial for psychological treatments than attempts to change long-standing, temperamental personality traits.
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Richardson GB, Freedlander JM, Katz EC, Dai CL, Chen CC. Impulsivity links reward and threat sensitivities to substance use: a functional model. Front Psychol 2014; 5:1194. [PMID: 25386147 PMCID: PMC4209822 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study used structural equations modeling and undergraduate student data to examine the effects of reward and threat sensitivities on substance use, along with the extent to which impulsivity explained these effects. Our results suggest that impulsivity may translate inversely related reward and threat sensitivities into substance use, completely mediate the effect between threat sensitivity and substance use, and partially mediate the effect between reward sensitivity and substance use. Our results also suggest that individuals with a combination of higher levels on both reward and threat sensitivities may be most impulsive and vulnerable to heightened substance use. We discuss implications for research at the interface of personality and substance use and also substance abuse prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chia-Liang Dai
- School of Human Services, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ching-Chen Chen
- School of Human Services, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Talkovsky AM, Norton PJ. Anxiety sensitivity across four ethnoracial groups in an undergraduate sample. Cogn Behav Ther 2014; 44:33-43. [PMID: 25243807 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2014.953568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety sensitivity (AS), the fear of anxious cognitive and physiological experiences, is multidimensional and adds incrementally to the prediction of relationships of panic and relevant phenomenology. Many agree upon the content of the dimensions, but there is less agreement about the factor structure of the anxiety sensitivity index (ASI), a widely used measure of AS, across cultural groups. Anxiety disorders vary in their epidemiology and phenomenology across ethnoracial groups. This investigation adds clarity to research in the psychometric properties of the ASI across four cultural groups. Results from a confirmatory factor analysis support invariance across groups with the exception of three psychometrically questionable items assessing fear of gastrointestinal symptoms. The convergent and divergent validity are consistent with cross-group invariance as well. Clinical implications are discussed.
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Carleton RN, Duranceau S, Freeston MH, Boelen PA, McCabe RE, Antony MM. "But it might be a heart attack": intolerance of uncertainty and panic disorder symptoms. J Anxiety Disord 2014; 28:463-70. [PMID: 24873884 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Panic disorder models describe interactions between feared anxiety-related physical sensations (i.e., anxiety sensitivity; AS) and catastrophic interpretations therein. Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) has been implicated as necessary for catastrophic interpretations in community samples. The current study examined relationships between IU, AS, and panic disorder symptoms in a clinical sample. Participants had a principal diagnosis of panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia (n=132; 66% women). IU was expected to account for significant variance in panic symptoms controlling for AS. AS was expected to mediate the relationship between IU and panic symptoms, whereas IU was expected to moderate the relationship between AS and panic symptoms. Hierarchical linear regressions indicated that IU accounted for significant unique variance in panic symptoms relative to AS, with comparable part correlations. Mediation and moderation models were also tested and suggested direct and indirect effects of IU on panic symptoms through AS; however, an interaction effect was not supported. The current cross-sectional evidence supports a role for IU in panic symptoms, independent of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark H Freeston
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle Cognitive and Behavioural Therapies Centre, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Boelen
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Randi E McCabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University and Anxiety Treatment and Research Centre, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Panayiotou G. Maternal neuroticism predicts social anxiety in Cypriot youth: the mediating role of child personality and anxiety sensitivity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2013.866147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Pagé MG, Campbell F, Isaac L, Stinson J, Katz J. Parental risk factors for the development of pediatric acute and chronic postsurgical pain: a longitudinal study. J Pain Res 2013; 6:727-41. [PMID: 24109194 PMCID: PMC3792832 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s51055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The goal of this longitudinal study was to examine the associations among psychological factors and pain reports of children and their parents over the 12 month period after pediatric surgery. Materials and methods Included in the study were 83 children aged 8–18 years undergoing major surgery. In each case, the child and one of their parents completed measures of pain intensity and unpleasantness, psychological function, and functional disability at 48–72 hours, 2 weeks (child only), 6 months, and 12 months after surgery. Results The strength of the correlation coefficients between the psychological measures of the parent and their child increased significantly over time. There was a fair level of agreement between parent ratings of child acute and chronic pain (6 months after surgery) and the child’s actual ratings. Parent and child pain anxiety scores 48–72 hours after surgery interacted significantly to predict pain intensity, pain unpleasantness, and functional disability levels 2 weeks after discharge from hospital. Parent pain catastrophizing scores 48–72 hours after surgery predicted child pain intensity reports 12 months later. Conclusion These results raise the possibility that as time from surgery increases, parents exert greater and greater influence over the pain response of their children, so that by 12 months postsurgery mark, parent pain catastrophizing (measured in the days after surgery) is the main risk factor for the development of postsurgical pain chronicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gabrielle Pagé
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Boswell JF, Farchione TJ, Sauer-Zavala S, Murray HW, Fortune MR, Barlow DH. Anxiety sensitivity and interoceptive exposure: a transdiagnostic construct and change strategy. Behav Ther 2013; 44:417-31. [PMID: 23768669 PMCID: PMC3727659 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings support the relevance of anxiety sensitivity (AS) and interoceptive exposure (IE) across emotional disorders. This study (a) evaluated levels of AS across different anxiety disorders, (b) examined change in AS over the course of transdiagnostic psychological intervention, and its relationship with outcome, and (c) described the implementation of IE to address AS with patients with different anxiety disorders. Participants (N=54) were patients who received treatment with the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP) in two consecutive treatment trials. Participants completed a measure of AS at pre- and posttreatment, and multiple occasions during treatment. Symptom severity was assessed at pre- and posttreatment, and clinical information related to physical symptoms and IE were collected as part of routine clinical practice. Elevated AS was observed at pretreatment across diagnoses and decreases in AS were observed from pre- to posttreatment. Similar changes occurred across the diagnostic categories, notably coinciding with the introduction of IE. Change in AS was correlated with reduced symptom levels at posttreatment and 6-month follow-up. Patients with different anxiety disorders endorsed similar physical symptoms and practiced similar IE exercises with similar effects. Results provide preliminary support for the usefulness of IE as a treatment strategy across the spectrum of anxiety disorders, and additional support for the transdiagnostic relevance of AS.
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Wilkes CM, Wilson HW, Woodard JL, Calamari JE. Do negative affect characteristics and subjective memory concerns increase risk for late life anxiety? J Anxiety Disord 2013; 27:608-18. [PMID: 23623610 PMCID: PMC3773246 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the development and exacerbation of late-life anxiety, we tested a risk model positing that trait negative affect (NA) characteristics would interact with cognitive functioning, thereby increasing some older adults' risk for increased anxiety symptoms. The moderator-mediator model consisted of measures of NA, cognitive functioning, and their interaction, as predictors of later Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale scores (HARS) via a mediational process, subjective memory concerns (SMCs). Older adults (aged 65-years and over; M(age)=76.7 years, SD=6.90 years) completed evaluations four times over approximately 18 months. A latent growth curve model including Anxiety Sensitivity Index total score (ASI), Mattis Dementia Rating Scale-2 (DRS) total raw score, the ASI×DRS interaction, a SMC measure as mediator, HARS intercept (scores at times 3 and 4), and HARS slope provided good fit. The ASI×DRS-2 interaction at Time 1 predicted HARS slope score (β=-.34, p<.05). When ASI score was high, stronger cognitive functioning was associated with fewer anxiety symptoms. The indirect effect of ASI score predicting HARS score 18-months later through the SMC mediator was statistically significant (β=.08, p<.05). Results suggest that the cognitive functioning changes associated with aging might contribute to the development of anxiety symptoms in older adults with specific NA traits. Implications for predicting and preventing late life anxiety disorders are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsey M. Wilkes
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science
| | - Helen W. Wilson
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science
| | | | - John E. Calamari
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science
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Boschloo L, Vogelzangs N, van den Brink W, Smit JH, Beekman ATF, Penninx BWJH. The role of negative emotionality and impulsivity in depressive/anxiety disorders and alcohol dependence. Psychol Med 2013; 43:1241-1253. [PMID: 23020956 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291712002152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Much is still unclear about the role of personality in the structure of common psychiatric disorders such as depressive/anxiety disorders and alcohol dependence. This study will therefore examine whether various traits of negative emotionality and impulsivity showed shared or specific associations with these disorders. Method Cross-sectional data were used from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA), including individuals with no DSM-IV psychiatric disorder (n = 460), depressive/anxiety disorder only (i.e. depressive and/or anxiety disorder; n = 1398), alcohol dependence only (n = 32) and co-morbid depressive/anxiety disorder plus alcohol dependence (n = 358). Aspects of negative emotionality were neuroticism, hopelessness, rumination, worry and anxiety sensitivity, whereas aspects of impulsivity included disinhibition, thrill/adventure seeking, experience seeking and boredom susceptibility. RESULTS Aspects of negative emotionality formed a homogeneous dimension, which was unrelated to the more heterogeneous construct of impulsivity. Although all aspects of negative emotionality were associated with alcohol dependence only, associations were much stronger for depressive/anxiety disorder only and co-morbid depressive/anxiety disorder with alcohol dependence. The results for impulsivity traits were less profound and more variable, with disinhibition and boredom susceptibility showing modest associations with both depressive/anxiety disorder and alcohol dependence, whereas low thrill/adventure seeking and high disinhibition were more strongly related with the first and the latter, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that depressive/anxiety disorder and alcohol dependence result from shared as well as specific aetiological pathways as they showed the same associations with all aspects of negative emotionality, disinhibition and boredom susceptibility as well as specific associations with thrill/adventure seeking and disinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Boschloo
- Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Lee JE, Watson D, Frey-Law LA. Psychological factors predict local and referred experimental muscle pain: a cluster analysis in healthy adults. Eur J Pain 2012; 17:903-15. [PMID: 23165778 DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00249.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest an underlying three- or four-factor structure explains the conceptual overlap and distinctiveness of several negative emotionality and pain-related constructs. However, the validity of these latent factors for predicting pain has not been examined. METHODS A cohort of 189 (99 female, 90 male) healthy volunteers completed eight self-report negative emotionality and pain-related measures (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire - Revised, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Fear of Pain Questionnaire; Somatosensory Amplification Scale, Anxiety Sensitivity Index and Whiteley Index). Using principal axis factoring, three primary latent factors were extracted: general distress, catastrophic thinking and pain-related fear. Using these factors, individuals clustered into three subgroups of high, moderate and low negative emotionality responses. Experimental pain was induced via intramuscular acidic infusion into the anterior tibialis muscle, producing local (infusion site) and/or referred (anterior ankle) pain and hyperalgesia. RESULTS Pain outcomes differed between clusters (multivariate analysis of variance and multinomial regression), with individuals in the highest negative emotionality cluster reporting the greatest local pain (p = 0.05), mechanical hyperalgesia (pressure pain thresholds; p = 0.009) and greater odds (2.21 odds ratio) of experiencing referred pain when compared to the lowest negative emotionality cluster. CONCLUSION Our results provide support for three latent psychological factors explaining the majority of the variance between several pain-related psychological measures, and that individuals in the high negative emotionality subgroup are at increased risk for (1) acute local muscle pain; (2) local hyperalgesia; and (3) referred pain using a standardized nociceptive input.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Lee
- Department of Psychology, Mount Mercy University, Cedar Rapids, IA, USA
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Börsbo B, Liedberg GM, Wallin M, Gerdle B. Subgroups based on thermal and pressure pain thresholds in women with chronic whiplash display differences in clinical presentation - an explorative study. J Pain Res 2012; 5:511-21. [PMID: 23166449 PMCID: PMC3500924 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s37062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the presence of subgroups in chronic whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) based on pain thresholds for pressure (PPT), cold (CPT), and heat (HPT) and to compare these subgroups with respect to symptomatology, disability, and health aspects. METHODS Two groups of female subjects - patients with chronic WAD (n = 28) and healthy controls (CON; n = 29) - were investigated. Quantitative sensory testing (QST) for thermal thresholds and algometry for PPT at four sites in the body (over the trapezius and tibialis anterior bilaterally) were determined. Habitual pain intensities, psychological strain, disability, and health aspects were registered using a questionnaire. RESULTS A CLUSTER ANALYSIS BASED ON PPT, CPT, AND HPT IDENTIFIED TWO SUBGROUPS OF CHRONIC WAD: one sensitive subgroup (s-WAD; n = 21), and one less sensitive subgroup (ls-WAD; n = 6). S-WAD displayed widespread hyperalgesia, whereas ls-WAD had localized hyperalgesia in the neck area, with tendencies to supernormal values in remote areas of the body. Generally, s-WAD had a significantly worse situation than the CON with respect to symptomatology, disability, and health aspects. The ls-WAD group was intermediary between s-WAD and CON in these aspects. CONCLUSION Different explanations, eg, severity of the pain condition per se, etiological factors, and pre-trauma differences in pain sensitivity, may exist for the differences in pain thresholds between the two subgroups. Future research should investigate the role of pain thresholds in the chronic stage to determine the efficacy of treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Börsbo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Linköping, Linköping, Sweden ; Clinical Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, County Hospital Ryhov, Jönköping, Sweden
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Karekla M, Pilipenko N, Feldman J. Patient Health Questionnaire: Greek language validation and subscale factor structure. Compr Psychiatry 2012; 53:1217-26. [PMID: 22901833 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the reliability, validity, and factor structure of the Greek translation of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) in a sample of Cypriot, Greek-speaking university students. This is the first study to examine PHQ psychometric properties in Greek and to investigate the factor structure of the PHQ subscales. A total of 520 participants (73.9% women; M(Age) = 21.57; SD, 4.94) completed the PHQ and assessment tools used for convergent validity analysis. Patient Health Questionnaire was translated and culturally adapted according to international standards. Overall, PHQ subscales in Greek language demonstrated good internal consistency (mean Cronbach α = .75, P < .001) and convergent validity with the following: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Beck Depression Inventory, Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire (panic disorder, somatization, bulimia, and binge eating), and Anxiety Sensitivity Index (overall mean, r = 0.52; P < .001). The relation between the PHQ subscale diagnoses and functional impairment, as assessed by the 12-item Health Survey 12, was comparable with the original validation results for all subscales except alcohol. The depression, alcohol, and anxiety subscales exhibited single-factor structures. Subscales assessing eating disorders, panic disorder, and somatization difficulties exhibited 2-, 3-, and 4-factor structures, respectively. Overall, PHQ subscales demonstrated good psychometric properties, with the exception of the subscale examining problematic alcohol use. Overall, PHQ demonstrates good reliability, validity, and appropriate factor structure in a Greek-speaking college population. Psychometric research is needed on the Greek PHQ in primary care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Karekla
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Sauer-Zavala S, Boswell JF, Gallagher MW, Bentley KH, Ametaj A, Barlow DH. The role of negative affectivity and negative reactivity to emotions in predicting outcomes in the unified protocol for the transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders. Behav Res Ther 2012; 50:551-7. [PMID: 22738907 PMCID: PMC3408841 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to understand the contributions of both the trait tendency to experience negative emotions and how one relates to such experience in predicting symptom change during participation in the Unified Protocol (UP), a transdiagnostic treatment for emotional disorders. Data were derived from a randomized controlled trial comparing the UP to a waitlist control/delayed-treatment condition. First, effect sizes of pre- to post-treatment change for frequency of negative emotions and several variables measuring reactivity to emotional experience (emotional awareness and acceptance, fear of emotions, and anxiety sensitivity) were examined. Second, the relative contributions of change in negative emotions and emotional reactivity in predicting symptom (clinician-rated anxiety, depression, and severity of principal diagnosis) reductions were investigated. Results suggested that decreases in the frequency of negative emotions and reactivity to emotions following participation in the UP were both large in magnitude. Further, two emotional reactivity variables (fear of emotions and anxiety sensitivity) remained significantly related to symptom outcomes when controlling for negative emotions, and accounted for significant incremental variance in their prediction. These findings lend support to the notion that psychological health depends less on the frequency of negative emotions and more on how one relates to these emotions when they occur.
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Thermal detection and pain thresholds but not pressure pain thresholds are correlated with psychological factors in women with chronic whiplash-associated pain. Clin J Pain 2012; 28:211-21. [PMID: 21750459 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0b013e318226c3fd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) have been associated with sensory disturbances such as hypersensitivity or hypoesthesia. Different psychological factors seem to be important for prognosis and symptom presentation in WAD. Multivariate correlations between pain thresholds for pressure (PPT), cold and heat (CPT, HPT), detection thresholds for cold and warmth, pain intensity variables, and psychological aspects in women with chronic WAD (n=28) and in healthy pain-free controls (n=29) were investigated. Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) for thermal thresholds and algometry for PPT at various sites in the body were used. Psychological aspects, including catastrophizing, anxiety, and depression were registered using a questionnaire. WAD showed generalized decreased PPT and CPT, altered HPT and cold detection thresholds in the upper part of the body, and a worse psychological situation. Multivariate correlations were found between QST and PPT variables, habitual pain, and psychological factors in WAD. Different psychological variables were generally stronger predictors of CPT and HPT than pain intensity in WAD. Pain intensity aspects were generally the strongest predictors of PPT in WAD. In contrast, no correlations existed between QST and PPT variables and psychological variables in controls. These results indicate the need to consider that a blend of factors influences the pain thresholds in chronic WAD and emphasize the need for a biopsychosocial model when interpreting QST and PPT variables.
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Abstract
Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) has been found to be involved in several anxiety disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Few studies have examined the role of IU in health anxiety (HA)/hypochondriacal concerns (HC). We conducted two studies exploring the associations between IU and HA/HC. The first study included undergraduates (n = 114) and indicated an association between IU and several HA/HC indices. When controlling for neuroticism, worry about illness was the single index of HA/HC that remained associated with IU. In the second study among bereaved adults (n = 126), IU was associated with one index of HA/HC but not when neuroticism and anxiety sensitivity were controlled. In both studies, IU was found to be more strongly associated with OCD symptoms and worry than with HA/HC.
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Klauke B, Deckert J, Reif A, Pauli P, Zwanzger P, Baumann C, Arolt V, Glöckner-Rist A, Domschke K. Serotonin transporter gene and childhood trauma--a G × E effect on anxiety sensitivity. Depress Anxiety 2011; 28:1048-57. [PMID: 21681867 DOI: 10.1002/da.20840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic factors and environmental factors are assumed to interactively influence the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders. Thus, a gene-environment interaction (G × E) study was conducted with respect to anxiety sensitivity (AS) as a promising intermediate phenotype of anxiety disorders. METHOD Healthy subjects (N = 363) were assessed for AS, childhood maltreatment (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), and genotyped for functional serotonin transporter gene variants (5-HTTLPR/5-HTT rs25531). The influence of genetic and environmental variables on AS and its subdimensions was determined by a step-wise hierarchical regression and a multiple indicator multiple cause (MIMIC) model. RESULTS A significant G × E effect of the more active 5-HTT genotypes and childhood maltreatment on AS was observed. Furthermore, genotype (LL)-childhood trauma interaction particularly influenced somatic AS subdimensions, whereas cognitive subdimensions were affected by childhood maltreatment only. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate a G × E effect of the more active 5-HTT genotypes and childhood maltreatment on AS, with particular impact on its somatic subcomponent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Klauke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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Drost J, Van der Does AJW, Antypa N, Zitman FG, Van Dyck R, Spinhoven P. General, Specific and Unique Cognitive Factors Involved in Anxiety and Depressive Disorders. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2011; 36:621-633. [PMID: 23144515 PMCID: PMC3490077 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-011-9401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Comorbidity among anxiety and depressive disorders is the rule rather than the exception. The Integrative Hierarchical Model proposes that each of these disorders contains general (common to all), specific (common to some) and unique components. However, research into this model is limited and hampered by small (clinical) sample sizes. The aim of the present study is to investigate the incremental validity of the cognitive constructs Anxiety Sensitivity, Pathological Worry and Cognitive Reactivity to sad mood over and above the personality traits neuroticism and extraversion. Symptomatic (N = 1,111) and remitted (N = 834) patients were selected from the 2,981 participants of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). Results revealed both specific and unique cognitive components of anxiety and depression. Across symptomatic and remitted groups, Anxiety Sensitivity was specific to social anxiety disorder and panic disorder, Aggression Reactivity was a unique component of dysthymia, and Rumination on Sadness was unique to major depressive disorder. We conclude that cognitive constructs have additional value in understanding anxiety and depressive disorders. Moreover, they prove to be more than mere epiphenomena of current disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Drost
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands
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Thompson T, Keogh E, French CC. Sensory Focusing Versus Distraction and Pain: Moderating Effects of Anxiety Sensitivity in Males and Females. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2011; 12:849-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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van Santen A, Vreeburg SA, Van der Does AJW, Spinhoven P, Zitman FG, Penninx BWJH. Psychological traits and the cortisol awakening response: results from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2011; 36:240-8. [PMID: 20724080 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Revised: 06/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation is often seen in major depression, and is thought to represent a trait vulnerability - rather than merely an illness marker - for depressive disorder and possibly anxiety disorder. Vulnerability traits associated with stress-related disorders might reflect increased sensitivity for the development of psychopathology through an association with HPA axis activity. Few studies have examined the association between psychological trait factors and the cortisol awakening response, with inconsistent results. The present study examined the relationship between multiple psychological trait factors and the cortisol awakening curve, including both the dynamic of the CAR and overall cortisol awakening levels, in a sample of persons without psychopathology, hypothesizing that persons scoring high on vulnerability traits demonstrate an elevated cortisol awakening curve. METHODS From 2981 participants of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA), baseline data from 381 controls (aged 18-65) without previous, current and parental depression and anxiety disorders were analyzed. Psychological measures included the Big Five personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, conscientiousness, and agreeableness) measured using the NEO-FFI, anxiety sensitivity assessed by the Anxiety Sensitivity Index, cognitive reactivity to sadness (hopelessness, acceptance/coping, aggression, control/perfectionism, risk aversion, and rumination) as measured by the LEIDS-R questionnaire, and mastery, assessed using the Pearlin and Schooler Mastery scale. Salivary cortisol levels were measured at awakening, and 30, 45, and 60 min afterwards. RESULTS In adjusted analyses, high scores of hopelessness reactivity (β=.13, p=.02) were consistently associated with a higher cortisol awakening response. In addition, although inconsistent across analyses, persons scoring higher on extraversion, control/perfectionism reactivity, and mastery tended to show a slightly flatter CAR. No significant associations were found for neuroticism, openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness, anxiety sensitivity, and acceptance/coping, aggression, or risk aversion reactivity. CONCLUSION Of various psychological traits, only hopelessness reactivity, a trait that has been associated with depression and suicidality, is consistently associated with HPA axis dysregulation. Hopelessness reactivity may represent a predisposing vulnerability for the development of a depressive or anxiety disorder, possibly in part mediated by HPA axis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aafke van Santen
- VU University, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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