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Pan Y, Motevalli S, Yu L. The Relationship between Game Addiction and Aggression among Adolescents with Mediating Role of Narcissism and Self-Control. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2024; 19:274-284. [PMID: 39055523 PMCID: PMC11267126 DOI: 10.18502/ijps.v19i3.15804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Objective: With the increase of game addiction, the problem of aggression as one of the most serious issues confronting today's society is affecting the mental health of the young generation. While available research has clarified the relationship between game addiction and aggression, this research contributes to future literature through examining the mediating role of narcissism and self-control in this relationship. Method : This study is a quantitative, cross-sectional, correlational research conducted in 2023 on Malaysian adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. Volunteer adolescents completed self-report questionnaires including the Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire, Gaming Addiction Scale, Childhood Narcissism Scale, and Brief Self-Control Scale. All questionnaires were prepared through a Sojump link posted on social media platforms. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and path analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results: N = 595 adolescents were participated in this survey. According to correlation analysis, there were significant positive correlations between game addiction and aggression (r = 0.777, P < 0.001), game addiction and narcissism (r = 0.785, P < 0.001) as well as a significant negative correlation between game addiction and self-control (r = -0.668, P < 0.001). Besides, narcissism and self-control could significantly partially mediate the relationship between game addiction and aggression. The mediation model discovered a significant path from game addiction to narcissism (β = 0.785, CI = [0.7692, 1.0293], P < 0.001) and from narcissism to aggression (β = 0.442, CI [0.7731, 1.7244], P < 0.001). The total effect of game addiction on aggression was found to be statistically significant (β = 0.777, P < 0.001). Conclusion: The findings of this research reveal a captivating profile, indicating that specific psychological attributes such as aggression, self-control, and narcissistic tendencies might make certain individuals more susceptible to developing an addiction to online games.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Pan
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Liberal Arts, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saeid Motevalli
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Liberal Arts, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Wellbeing Research Centre, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lifang Yu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Liberal Arts, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Oh GE, Mukhopadhyay A. Dynamics of self-control during choice and post-choice consumption quantity. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1238780. [PMID: 38887628 PMCID: PMC11181909 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1238780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Observed choices between options representing a relative vice and a relative virtue have commonly been used as a measure of eating self-control in the literature. However, even though self-control operations may manifest across the post-choice consumption stage, either similarly or in different ways from the choice stage, most prior research has ignored consumption quantity of the chosen option. While the behavior of choosing a virtue instead of a vice does manifest self-control, we examine how this plays out in post-choice consumption. Specifically, we find that when processing resources are limited, after having chosen a virtue food, unrestrained eaters ironically consumed greater quantities and therefore more calories than restrained eaters (Study 1). This reflects more persistent self-control in the post-choice consumption stage among restrained eaters than unrestrained eaters, and occurs because choosing a virtue lowers accessibility of the self-control goal among unrestrained eaters relative to restrained eaters (Study 2), thereby increasing intake of the virtuous food. In contrast, subsequent to having chosen a vice, unrestrained eaters and restrained eaters did not show any such difference in intake (Study 1) or goal accessibility (Study 2). Together, these results reveal that persistence of self-control in the post-choice consumption stage depends on individuals' dietary restraint and their initial exercise of self-control in the choice decision. The mere act of choosing a virtue satisfies unrestrained eaters' self-control goal and leads to increased food intake, whereas the same act keeps the same goal activated among restrained eaters who reduce intake of the chosen virtue. Put differently, persistent self-control across choice and quantity decisions is observed only when those with a dietary goal show successful self-control enactment in the choice stage. We therefore highlight that the operation of self-control can be dynamic within a consumption episode, and thus, choice and post-choice quantity are both informative of self-control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Eun Oh
- Department of Marketing and International Business, Faculty of Business, Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anirban Mukhopadhyay
- Faculty of Management, Bayes Business School, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Marketing, School of Business and Management, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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3
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Gorin AA, Leahey TM, Cornelius T, Bourgea K, Powers TA. Self-control and grit: associations with weight management and healthy habits. J Behav Med 2024; 47:160-167. [PMID: 37440156 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-023-00431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Weight management requires resisting immediate temptations in one's environment (self-control) as well as the ability to persevere towards one's long-term goals despite minor setbacks (grit). This study sought to establish relationships between self-control, grit, and behavioral and health outcomes in the context of a couples-based weight management intervention. Couples (n = 64 dyads) in a behaviorally based intervention completed measures of self-control and grit at study entry and the end of treatment (6 months). Habit automaticity for self-weighing and exercise as well as objective weights were measured at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months (maintenance). Self-control and grit increased during treatment; these increases were significantly associated with greater self-weighing habit automaticity at 6 months. Baseline self-control, changes in self-control, and baseline grit were also associated with 6-month exercise automaticity. Only baseline grit was associated with weight loss maintenance. No partner effects were observed. Findings suggest that self-control and grit are malleable constructs that may play an important role in health behavior habits associated with weight management.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02570009, October, 7, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Gorin
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, University of Connecticut, 2006 Hillside Road, Storrs, CT, 06269-1248, USA.
| | - Tricia M Leahey
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, University of Connecticut, 2006 Hillside Road, Storrs, CT, 06269-1248, USA
| | - Talea Cornelius
- Division of General Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Presbyterian Hospital, 622 W. 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Katelyn Bourgea
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, 02115-6128, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Theodore A Powers
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, 02747, Dartmouth, MA, USA
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Wooldridge JS, Morse JL, Delgado J, Afari N. Daily Functioning of Veterans With Type 2 Diabetes: Protocol for an Ambulatory Assessment Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e53874. [PMID: 37983070 PMCID: PMC10696502 DOI: 10.2196/53874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes impacts nearly 25% of veterans. Many veterans do not engage in recommended physical activity and other diabetes self-management behaviors. Type 2 diabetes is generally asymptomatic; as such, the long-term consequences of inadequate self-management and benefits of consistent self-management are not salient in the short term. Furthermore, self-management behaviors typically take place outside of medical visits; however, self-management-related factors are only assessed during medical visits, likely missing large amounts of variability. Thus, ambulatory assessment methods such as ecological momentary assessment (EMA), accelerometry, and continuous glucose monitoring are needed to understand the dynamics of daily self-management and identify potential intervention targets. OBJECTIVE The overarching goal of this study is to understand daily, time-varying factors (comorbid affective symptoms and social context) that influence physical activity, diabetes self-management, glycemic management, daily functioning, and quality of life in participants' natural environments. METHODS We are recruiting veterans with type 2 diabetes (target N=100). Participants are required to complete a battery of baseline assessments related to mental health, psychosocial factors, and self-management behaviors. Participants then receive 5 momentary EMA surveys and 1 daily EMA survey per day, in which veterans report comorbid affective symptoms (mood, stress, and pain), social support, social interactions, physical activity, and other self-management behaviors. Momentary surveys are delivered randomly during daily preprogrammed intervals over a 14-day sampling period. Accelerometry and continuous glucose monitoring are also used to assess physical activity and blood glucose, respectively. The first 6 participants also completed interviews assessing their experience in the study and barriers to participation. These test participants informed modifications to the protocol for the remaining participants. RESULTS The project received funding in April of 2023. Enrollment began in March of 2023 and is planned to be completed in April 2025. Among the 6 test participants, the overall EMA response rate was 87% (range 74%-95%). The response rate for the EMA survey including daily items (67%, range 21%-93%) was lower than the earlier shorter EMA surveys (89%, range 81%-96%). The mean rate of valid accelerometer wear of at least 20 hours per day was 93% (SD 11%), and continuous glucose monitoring data were available for 91% (SD 17%) of days on average. Participants reported few barriers to completing EMA surveys but noted the random timing of questions made it difficult to plan around, and the end-of-day survey was long. Two participants reported survey items reminded or motivated them to engage in diabetes self-management behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Assessment tools developed from this study can inform clinical decision-making by considering barriers to self-management that occur in daily life. Clinical applications include tailored, adaptive technology-supported interventions to improve self-management that provide the right type and amount of support at the right time by adapting to an individual's changing internal and contextual state. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/53874.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennalee S Wooldridge
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jessica L Morse
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jorge Delgado
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Niloofar Afari
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, United States
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Gao X, Xia L, Wang F, Hou M, Gong Y. Applying Item Response Theory to the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire: Examining Psychometric Characteristics and Developing Computerized Adaptive Testing Version. J Pers Assess 2023; 105:797-806. [PMID: 36847426 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2023.2180745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Incoming students have many difficulties adjusting to college, and selecting appropriate measures to effectively screen them is indispensable, especially in China, where there is insufficient research in this area. To enrich domestic research, this study seeks to examine psychometric characteristics and develop a computerized adaptive version of the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ-CAT) based on a sample of Chinese students. Under the framework of item response theory, the item bank of student adaptation to college was formulated after uni-dimensionality testing, model comparison, item fit testing, and local independence testing. Subsequently, a CAT simulation, including three termination rules, was performed using real data to evaluate and verify the SACQ-CAT. The results showed reliability values exceeding 0.90 when participants' latent traits were between -4 and 3, covering majority of the subjects. The SACQ-CAT administered an average of fewer than 10 items to participants compared to 67 items on the original scale. The correlation coefficient between latency estimated by the SACQ-CAT and the SACQ is greater than .85, whereas the correlation coefficient with the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) scores ranges from -.33 to -.55 (p < .001). The SACQ-CAT largely reduced the number of items administered to the participants and avoided losing measurement precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuliang Gao
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Linpo Xia
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Minmin Hou
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yi Gong
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
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Bürgler S, Kleinke K, Hennecke M. The Metacognition in Self-Control Scale (MISCS). PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Lades LK, Barbett L, Daly M, Dombrowski SU. Self-control, goal interference, and the binge-watching experience: An event reconstruction study. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chbr.2022.100220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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A single item measure of self-control – validation and location in a nomological network of self-control, boredom, and if-then planning. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2022. [DOI: 10.32872/spb.7453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-control is a highly adaptive human capacity and research on self-control is booming. To further facilitate self-control research, especially in conditions where time-constraints might render the use of multi-item measures of self-control problematic, a validated time-efficient single item measure would be an asset. However, such a measure has not yet been developed and tested. Here, we address this gap by reporting the psychometric properties of a single item measure of self-control and by assessing its localization within a larger theorized psychometric network consisting of self-control, boredom and if-then planning. In a high-powered (N = 1553) study with paid online workers from the US (gender: 47.3% female, 51.7% male, 1% other; age: 40.36 ± 12.65 years), we found evidence for the convergent validity (Brief Self-Control Scale), divergent validity (Short Boredom Proneness Scale and If-Then Planning Scale), and criterion validity (objective and subjective socio-economic status) of the single item measure of self-control (“How much self-control do you have?”). Network psychometrics further revealed that the single item was part of the self-control subnetwork and clearly distinguishable from boredom and if-then planning, which together with self-control form a larger psychometric network of psychological dispositions that are relevant for orienting goal directed behavior. Thus, the present findings indicate that self-control can be adequately captured with the single item measure presented here, thereby extending the methodological toolbox of self-control researchers by a highly-time efficient measure.
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Singh RK. Normierung und testtheoretische Überprüfung der deutschen Adaptation der Kurzform der Self-Control Scale (SCS-K-D). DIAGNOSTICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1026/0012-1924/a000284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Gegenstand dieses Artikels ist die deutsche Adaptation der Kurzform der Self-Control Scale (SCS-K-D; übersetzt von Bertrams und Dickhäuser). Es werden 3 Ziele verfolgt: (1) Die Dimensionalität der Skala formal zu prüfen, (2) die Skala auf Messinvarianz bezüglich Geschlecht, Bildung und Alter zu prüfen und (3) basierend auf einer Zufallsstichprobe der erwachsenen deutschen Bevölkerung ( N = 4 038) Normwerte abzuleiten. Die theoretisch erwartete eindimensionale Struktur konnte empirisch nicht bestätigt werden. Wird der Einfluss invertierter Items mit einem Methodenfaktor kontrolliert, verbessert sich die Modellgüte. Für eine angemessene Modellgüte musste die 13-Item Skala jedoch zusätzlich durch Itemausschluss auf eine 8-Item Skala reduziert werden. Diese 8-Item Variante erreichte auch in einer zweiten, unabhängigen Stichprobe ( N = 1 818) eine akzeptable Güte. Die Überprüfung der durch Messinvarianz erfolgte 8-Item Variante mit Methodenfaktor ergab skalare Messinvarianz für Geschlecht, konfigurale Messinvarianz für Bildung und deutliche Messinvarianzprobleme über Altersgruppen hinweg. Normwerte für die erwachsene, deutsche Bevölkerung werden sowohl für die 13-Item und die 8-Item Variante zur Verfügung gestellt und zudem differenziert nach Bildungsniveau und Alter dargeboten.
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Jiménez S, Moral de la Rubia J, Varela-Garay RM, Merino-Soto C, Toledano-Toledano F. Resilience measurement scale in family caregivers of children with cancer: Multidimensional item response theory modeling. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:985456. [PMID: 36727086 PMCID: PMC9885114 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.985456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, information about the psychometric properties of the Resilience Measurement Scale (RESI-M) in family caregivers of children with cancer according to item response theory (IRT) is not available; this information could complement and confirm the findings available from classical test theory (CTT). The objective of this study was to test the five-factor structure of the RESI-M using a full information confirmatory multidimensional IRT graded response model and to estimate the multidimensional item-level parameters of discrimination (MDISC) and difficulty (MDIFF) from the RESI-M scale to investigate its construct validity and level of measurement error. METHODS An observational study was carried out, which included a sample of 633 primary caregivers of children with cancer, who were recruited through nonprobabilistic sampling. The caregivers responded to a battery of tests that included a sociodemographic variables questionnaire, the RESI-M, and measures of depression, quality of life, anxiety, and caregiver burden to explore convergent and divergent validity. RESULTS The main findings confirmed a five-factor structure of the RESI-M scale, with RMSEA = 0.078 (95% CI: 0.075, 0.080), TLI = 0.90, and CFI = 0.91. The estimation of the MDISC and MDIFF parameters indicated different values for each item, showing that all the items contribute differentially to the measurement of the dimensions of resilience. CONCLUSION That regardless of the measurement approach (IRT or CTT), the five-factor model of the RESI-M is valid at the theoretical, empirical, and methodological levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Jiménez
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Basada en Evidencias, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, National Institute of Health, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Rosa María Varela-Garay
- Departamento de Trabajo Social y Servicios Sociales, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Cesar Merino-Soto
- Instituto de Investigación en Psicología, Universidad de San Martin de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | - Filiberto Toledano-Toledano
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Basada en Evidencias, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, National Institute of Health, Mexico City, Mexico.,Unidad de Investigación Sociomédica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City, Mexico.,Dirección de Investigación y Diseminación del Conocimiento, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias e Innovación para la Formación de Comunidad Científica, INDEHUS, Mexico City, Mexico
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Increasing Physical Activity among Breast Cancer Survivors by Modulating Temporal Orientation with rTMS: Feasibility and Potential Efficacy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910052. [PMID: 34639353 PMCID: PMC8508508 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining adequate amounts of physical activity is a critical component of survivorship care for women with breast cancer. Increased physical activity is associated with increases in well-being, quality of life, and longevity, but women with cancer face unique, cancer-related factors that might affect physical activity. Consistent with the Competing Neurobehavioral Decision Systems model of decision making, we proposed to decrease delay discounting and increase physical activity by stimulating the executive function system via high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF rTMS) of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (LDLPFC). This randomized, sham-controlled, double-blinded trial examined the feasibility and potential efficacy of this approach to increase physical activity in breast cancer survivors. We hypothesized that active rTMS would significantly increase the mean number of steps per day and decrease delay discounting. Participants (n = 30) were primarily middle-aged (M = 53.7, SD = 7.9) and white with a mean BMI and body mass indices below 40. Indicators of feasibility and limited efficacy testing were positive. Although repeated-measures ANOVA revealed no significant changes in delay discounting, generalized estimating equations (GEE) found that participants in the active condition increased their mean daily steps by 400 steps per day, while those in the sham condition decreased this by nearly 600 steps per day. These findings indicate that the continued investigation of HF rTMS for increasing physical activity among women with breast cancer is justified.
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Papanikolopoulos P, Mastrotheodoros S, Papanikolopoulou S, Parlapani E, Kaprinis SG. The brief self-control scale: Dimensionality and psychometric properties in Greek young adults. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2021.1964070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Papanikolopoulos
- Second Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - Eleni Parlapani
- First Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stergios G. Kaprinis
- Second Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Zuo PY, Karremans JC, Scheres A, Kluwer ES, Burk WJ, Kappen G, Ter Kuile H. A Dyadic Test of the Association Between Trait Self-Control and Romantic Relationship Satisfaction. Front Psychol 2020; 11:594476. [PMID: 33408667 PMCID: PMC7779548 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.594476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that trait self-control is related to a range of positive romantic relationship processes, suggesting that trait self-control should be positively and robustly linked to relationship satisfaction in both partners in a romantic relationship. However, the existing empirical evidence is limited and mixed, especially regarding partner effects (i.e., the effect of one's self-control on the partner's relationship satisfaction). With three datasets of heterosexual couples (S1: N = 195 newlyweds, longitudinal; S2: N = 249 couples who transition into first parenthood, longitudinal; S3: N = 929 couples, cross-sectional), the present pre-registered studies examined: (1) the dyadic associations between trait self-control and relationship satisfaction both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, and (2) whether these effects hold when controlling for both partners' relationship commitment. The results indicated a cross-sectional positive actor effect, some support for a positive cross-sectional partner effect, and only little support for a longitudinal actor (but not partner) effect. After controlling for relationship commitment, all effects of trait self-control on satisfaction diminished except for a longitudinal actor effect among women in Study 2. Potential explanations for the current results, and implications for theory and practice, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ying Zuo
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Johan C. Karremans
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Anouk Scheres
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Esther S. Kluwer
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Social, Health and Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - William J. Burk
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Gesa Kappen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Hagar Ter Kuile
- Department of Social, Health and Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Webster GD, Howell JL, Shepperd JA. Self-Esteem in 60 Seconds: The Six-Item State Self-Esteem Scale (SSES-6). Assessment 2020; 29:152-168. [PMID: 32929984 DOI: 10.1177/1073191120958059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
With 20 items, the State Self-Esteem Scale (SSES) can be cumbersome in settings that demand efficiency. The present research created an efficient six-item version of the SSES that preserves score reliability and validity and its three-dimensional structure: social, appearance, and performance self-esteem. Item response theory and confirmatory factor analyses identified the "best" six items-two from each dimension (Study 1). Participants completed the SSES four times at 2-week intervals (Studies 2 and 3). The six-item SSES' scores showed adequate test-retest reliability, explained substantial variance in trait-relevant measures, and showed convergent validity with related self-esteem measures. Participants completed the SSES and a laboratory experiment where they received negative feedback on an essay they had written and could retaliate against their evaluator by allocating hot sauce for them to consume (Study 4). The six-item SSES interacted with self-esteem instability in expected ways to predict hot sauce allocated.
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