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Rehm A, Wirges A, Hoser D, Fischer C, Herda S, Gerlach K, Sauer S, Willimsky G, Höpken UE. EBAG9 controls CD8+ T cell memory formation responding to tumor challenge in mice. JCI Insight 2022; 7:155534. [PMID: 35482418 PMCID: PMC9220939 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.155534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insight into processes that determine CD8+ T cell memory formation has been obtained from infection models. These models are biased toward an inflammatory milieu and often use high-avidity CD8+ T cells in adoptive-transfer procedures. It is unclear whether these conditions mimic the differentiation processes of an endogenous repertoire that proceed upon noninflammatory conditions prevailing in premalignant tumor lesions. We examined the role of cytolytic capacity on CD8+ T cell fate decisions when primed by tumor cells or by minor histocompatibility antigen–mismatched leukocytes. CD8+ memory commitment was analyzed in Ebag9-deficient mice that exhibited enhanced tumor cell lysis. This property endowed Ebag9–/– mice with extended control of Tcl-1 oncogene–induced chronic lymphocytic leukemia progression. In Ebag9–/– mice, an expanded memory population was obtained for anti-HY and anti–SV-40 T antigen–specific T cells, despite unchanged effector frequencies in the primary response. By comparing the single-cell transcriptomes of CD8+ T cells responding to tumor cell vaccination, we found differential distribution of subpopulations between Ebag9+/+ and Ebag9–/– T cells. In Ebag9–/– cells, these larger clusters contained genes encoding transcription factors regulating memory cell differentiation and anti-apoptotic gene functions. Our findings link EBAG9-controlled cytolytic activity and the commitment to the CD8+ memory lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Rehm
- Department of Translational Tumorimmunology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anthea Wirges
- Department of Translational Tumorimmunology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dana Hoser
- Institute of Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelius Fischer
- Scientific Infrastructure Department, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Herda
- Department of Translational Tumorimmunology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Gerlach
- Department of Translational Tumorimmunology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Sauer
- Scientific Infrastructure Department, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerald Willimsky
- Institute of Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uta E Höpken
- Department of Microenvironmental Regulation of Autoimmunity and Cancer, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Pre-Emptive Immunotherapy for Clearance of Molecular Disease in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia after Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2016; 23:87-95. [PMID: 27742575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD) or chimerism may help guide pre-emptive immunotherapy (IT) with a view to preventing relapse in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) after transplantation. Patients with ALL who consecutively underwent transplantation in Frankfurt/Main, Germany between January 1, 2005 and July 1, 2014 were included in this retrospective study. Chimerism monitoring was performed in all, and MRD assessment was performed in 58 of 89 patients. IT was guided in 19 of 24 patients with mixed chimerism (MC) and MRD and by MRD only in another 4 patients with complete chimerism (CC). The 3-year probabilities of event-free survival (EFS) were .69 ± .06 for the cohort without IT and .69 ± .10 for IT patients. Incidences of relapse (CIR) and treatment-related mortality (CITRM) were equally distributed between both cohorts (without IT: 3-year CIR, .21 ± .05, 3-year CITRM, .10 ± .04; IT patients: 3-year CIR, .18 ± .09, 3-year CITRM .13 ± .07). Accordingly, 3-year EFS and 3-year CIR were similar in CC and MC patients with IT, whereas MC patients without IT experienced relapse. IT was neither associated with an enhanced immune recovery nor an increased risk for acute graft-versus-host disease. Relapse prevention by IT in patients at risk may lead to the same favorable outcome as found in CC and MRD-negative-patients. This underlines the importance of excellent MRD and chimerism monitoring after transplantation as the basis for IT to improve survival in childhood ALL.
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Kim E, Ahn S, Rhee HI, Lee DC. Coptis chinensis Franch. extract up-regulate type I helper T-cell cytokine through MAPK activation in MOLT-4 T cell. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 189:126-131. [PMID: 27224239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The dried rhizome of Coptis chinensis Franch. (Huanglian) has been widely used in Asian traditional medicine. It was already known that Coptis chinensis Franch. rhizome has various pharmacological properties including its anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory activity. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the immune-enhancement effect of the Coptis chinensis Franch. rhizome extract on helper T cells and its signaling mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS MOLT-4 human T cell line was used to investigate the effect of the Coptis chinensis Franch. rhizome extract. Cell viability was measured by the MTT assay and cytokine expression level was analyzed by ELISA and qRTPCR. MAPKs signal molecule's activation level was detected by immunoblotting. RESULTS The expression of IFN-γ, a cytokine of type I helper T (Th1) cell, increased; however, IL-4 was not affected by the Coptis chinensis Franch. rhizome extract. Other Th1 cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-6, also increased. These data suggest that the Coptis chinensis Franch. rhizome extract activates MOLT-4 cell to Th1 cell, not type II helper T cell. Furthermore, the Coptis chinensis Franch. rhizome extract activates the Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) signaling pathways. CONCLUSION The results obtained from this study suggest that the Coptis chinensis Franch. rhizome extract should be used as an immune enhancer in anti-inflammatory medicine, adjuvant materials, and as a supplement to treat weakened immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sejin Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hae-Ik Rhee
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Deug-Chan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
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Jung HN, Jeong JH, Cheon HS, Choi JB, Cho HH, Jhin CH, Hwang KT. Analysis of the Cytotoxicity of Green Pigment Produced on the Surface of Roasted and Retorted Chestnuts Using Immune Cells and Gastrointestinal Cancer Cells. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2011.16.3.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Induction of graft versus malignancy effect after unrelated allogeneic PBSCT using donor lymphocyte infusions derived from frozen aliquots of the original graft. Bone Marrow Transplant 2011; 47:277-82. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2011.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kim NH, Kim KY, Jeong HJ, Kim HM, Hong SH, Um JY. Effects of hydrolyzed Chlorella vulgaris by malted barley on the immunomodulatory response in ICR mice and in Molt-4 cells. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2010; 90:1551-1556. [PMID: 20549811 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.3989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlorella vulgaris is a unicellular and microscopic algae that is currently used in a variety of forms of tablets, capsules and liquid as a biological response modifier. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hydrolyzed Chlorella vulgaris by malted barley for its potential reduction of the immobility time in ICR mice and on the cytokine regulation in human T cell line, Molt-4. RESULTS After a forced swimming test, the changes in aspects of blood biochemical parameters due to the administration of hydrolyzed Chlorella vulgaris by malted barley were examined. The effect of hydrolyzed Chlorella vulgaris by the malted barley-treated group for 14 days on the immobility time was significantly reduced in comparison with that of the control group (P < 0.01). The plasma level of blood urea nitrogen was significantly decreased in hydrolyzed Chlorella vulgaris by malted barley-treated group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, hydrolyzed Chlorella vulgaris by malted barley increased interferon-gamma and interlukin-2 levels in Molt-4 cells. CONCLUSION These results indicate that hydrolyzed Chlorella vulgaris by malted barley is useful for immune function improvements, enhanced physical stamina, and as a candidate for an anti-fatigue or antidepressant agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Hyung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Oriental Medicine, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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7
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Lankester AC, Bierings MB, van Wering ER, Wijkhuijs AJM, de Weger RA, Wijnen JT, Vossen JM, Versluys B, Egeler RM, van Tol MJD, Putter H, Révész T, van Dongen JJM, van der Velden VHJ, Schilham MW. Preemptive alloimmune intervention in high-risk pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients guided by minimal residual disease level before stem cell transplantation. Leukemia 2010; 24:1462-9. [PMID: 20535148 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2010.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Relapse of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remains the main cause of treatment failure after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). A high level of minimal residual disease (MRD) before alloSCT has been shown to predict these relapses. Patients at risk might benefit from a preemptive alloimmune intervention. In this first prospective, MRD-guided intervention study, 48 patients were stratified according to pre-SCT MRD level. Eighteen children with MRD level >or=1 x 10(-4) were eligible for intervention, consisting of early cyclosporine A tapering followed by consecutive, incremental donor lymphocyte infusions (n=1-4). The intervention was associated with graft versus host disease >or=grade II in only 23% of patients. Event-free survival in the intervention group was 19%. However, in contrast with the usual early recurrence of leukemia, relapses were delayed up to 3 years after SCT. In addition, several relapses presented at unusual extramedullary sites suggesting that the immune intervention may have altered the pattern of leukemia recurrence. In 8 out of 11 evaluable patients, relapse was preceded by MRD recurrence (median 9 weeks, range 0-30). We conclude that in children with high-risk ALL, immunotherapy-based regimens after SCT are feasible and may need to be further intensified to achieve total eradication of residual leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Lankester
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Because severe forms of the graft-versus-host reaction directed against normal tissues (also termed graft-versus-host disease [GVHD]) also contribute to morbidity and mortality following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, major efforts have focused on strategies to separate GVHD from the potentially beneficial immune reactivity against tumor (also called the graft-versus-tumor [GVT] effect). This article focuses on the data supporting the contribution of the GVT effect to cure of malignancy, what is known about the biology of the GVT reaction, and, finally, strategies to manipulate the GVT effect to increase the potency of HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry J Fry
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation/Immunology, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Medical Center, 1 West Wing, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
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Kim SJ, Park JS, Myung NY, Moon PD, Choi IY, An HJ, Kim NH, Na HJ, Kim DH, Kim MC, An NH, Kim IK, Lee JY, Jeong HJ, Um JY, Kim HM, Hong SH. Scrophularia buergerianaregulates cytokine production in vitro. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2009; 31:246-52. [DOI: 10.1080/08923970802432048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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A comprehensive platform for ex vivo T-cell expansion based on biodegradable polymeric artificial antigen-presenting cells. Mol Ther 2008; 16:765-72. [PMID: 18334990 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2008.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient T-cell stimulation and proliferation in response to specific antigens is a goal of immunotherapy against infectious disease and cancer. Manipulation of this response can be accomplished by adoptive immunotherapy involving the infusion of antigen-specific T-cell populations expanded ex vivo with antigen presenting cells. We mimicked physiological antigen presentation on a biodegradable microparticle constructed from poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), a polymer system whose safety has been established for use in humans. These particles present a high density of adaptor elements for attaching both recognition ligands and co-stimulatory ligands to a biodegradable core encapsulating the cytokine interleukin-2 (IL-2). We demonstrate the utility of this system in efficient polyclonal and antigen-specific T-cell stimulation and expansion, showing that sustained release of IL-2 in the vicinity of T-cell contacts dramatically improves the stimulatory capacity of these acellular systems, as compared to the effect of exogenous addition of cytokine. This results in a 45-fold enhancement in T-cell expansion. In addition, this mode of antigen presentation skews the expansion toward the CD8(+) T-cell phenotype. This comprehensive acellular platform, capable of delivering recognition, co-stimulatory, and cytokine signals, represents a promising new technology for artificial antigen presentation.
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Reinbold CJA, Malarkannan S. Recognition of allo-peptide is governed by novel anchor imposition and limited variations in TCR contact residues. Mol Immunol 2007; 45:1318-26. [PMID: 17981332 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2007] [Revised: 09/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Immune specificity of a T cell is determined by the TCR contact residues exposed on the antigenic peptide/MHC complex. Naturally processed, biallelic epitopes from H7 minor histocompatibility (mH) antigen vary in position 7 (p7) from aspartic acid (D) to a glutamic acid (E), which differ by an additional methylene (-CH(2)) in the side chain. Here, we show that this variation generates a strong anti-H7a or anti-H7b cytotoxic T cell responses. Further, the H7 allelic peptides use p6 asparagine as their central anchor residue and amino acid variations in either the canonical p5 or the predicted p6 anchor positions in the antigenic epitope were detrimental for TCR recognition. In addition, introduction of any other amino acids, except asparagine, in the polymorphic p7 significantly abolished the ability of anti-H7b TCR recognition. This demonstrates that only an asparagine with an amine group as a side chain instead of a charged oxygen radical could effectively stimulate the anti-H7b specific T cells. Our findings provide evidence that mH antigen-specific TCRs are highly stringent in recognizing their cognate epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corbett J A Reinbold
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Jedema I, Meij P, Steeneveld E, Hoogendoorn M, Nijmeijer BA, van de Meent M, van Luxemburg-Heijs SAP, Willemze R, Falkenburg JHF. Early detection and rapid isolation of leukemia-reactive donor T cells for adoptive transfer using the IFN-gamma secretion assay. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:636-43. [PMID: 17255287 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-2093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The poor immunogenicity of most leukemias and the lack of specificity of the donor T cells limit the in vivo effectiveness of conventional donor lymphocyte infusions in many patients suffering from persistent or recurrent leukemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. These limitations may be overcome by the adoptive transfer of in vitro generated leukemia-reactive T cells. Although the potential clinical efficacy of this approach has been shown previously, lack of reproducibility of the procedure and the inability to show persistence and survival of the transferred T cells hampered further clinical application. The purpose of this study was to develop a new, broadly applicable strategy for the efficient generation and isolation of leukemia-reactive T cells with a better probability to survive and expand in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Myeloid and B-cell leukemias were modified into professional immunogenic antigen-presenting cells, and used to stimulate HLA-matched donor T cells. After two stimulations, responding donor T cells were isolated based on their secretion of IFN-gamma and tested for their capacity to recognize and kill the primary leukemia. RESULTS Using one universal stimulation and isolation protocol for various forms of leukemia, T-cell populations containing high frequencies of leukemia-reactive T cells could reproducibly be generated and early isolated under mild stimulatory conditions. Isolated T cells still had high proliferative potential and their reactivity seemed to be restricted to cells of the patient's hematopoiesis. CONCLUSION We here show a new robust procedure for the generation and isolation of leukemia-reactive T cells for adoptive transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Jedema
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Abstract
Allogeneic HSCT is the most reliable, robust, and effective cell-based biotherapy currently available to pediatric and adult patients with hematologic malignancies. The central role of donor-derived lymphocytes in mediating an effective antitumor effect, preventing and controlling opportunistic infections, and causing GVHD is well documented in animal experiments and human trials. The profound lymphopenia after conditioning regimens coupled with molecular tools to distinguish host versus donor cells provides investigators a window into immune recovery after allogeneic HSCT. Serial analyses of T cell subsets linking immunophenotype with function have revealed the kinetics of donor-derived T cell recovery after allografting and provided insights into ways the immune system can be manipulated to augment the graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect without inducing GVHD. As this review demonstrates, investigators are not limited to being passive observers of this immune reconstitution; rather, we have an opportunity to shape the allografted T cells repertoire to selectively augment immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald E Gress
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Barbui AM, Borleri G, Conti E, Ciocca A, Salvi A, Micò C, Introna M, Rambaldi A. Clinical grade expansion of CD45RA, CD45RO, and CD62L-positive T-cell lines from HLA-compatible donors: high cytotoxic potential against AML and ALL cells. Exp Hematol 2006; 34:475-85. [PMID: 16569594 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2005.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2005] [Revised: 12/13/2005] [Accepted: 12/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identification of a clinical grade method for the ex vivo generation of donor-derived T cells cytotoxic against both myeloid and lymphoblastic cells still remains elusive. We investigated rapid generation and expansion of donor derived-allogeneic T-cell lines cytotoxic against patient leukemic cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) blasts were cultured 5 days in Stem Span, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-4, and calcium ionophore. All B-precursor ALL (N22) and AML (N13), but not T-cell ALL (N3), differentiated into mature leukemia-derived antigen-presenting cells (LD-APC). All but one LD-APC generated cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) from adult human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical (N8) or unrelated donors (N2). RESULTS Upon in vitro culture, donor-derived CTL acquired a memory T phenotype, showing concomitant high CD45RA, CD45RO, CD62L expression. CD8(+) cells, but not CD4(+) cells, were granzyme, perforine, and interferon-gamma-positive. Pooled CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells were cytotoxic against leukemic blasts (32%, 30:1 E:T ratio), but not against autologous or patient-derived phytohemagglutinin blasts. LD-APC from five ALL patients were used to generate CTL from cord blood. A mixed population of CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells was documented in 54% of wells. T cells acquired classical effector memory phenotype and showed a higher cytotoxicity against leukemia blasts (47%, 1:1 E:T ratio). Adult and cord blood CTL showed a skewing from a complete T-cell receptor repertoire to an oligo-clonal/clonal pattern. CONCLUSIONS Availability of these cells should allow clinical trials for salvage treatment of leukemia patients relapsing after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Antigen Presentation/drug effects
- Antigen Presentation/immunology
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Line
- Child, Preschool
- Female
- Fetal Blood/immunology
- HLA Antigens/immunology
- Humans
- Immunologic Memory/immunology
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Infant
- Interleukin-4/pharmacology
- Ionophores/pharmacology
- L-Selectin/immunology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/immunology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Leukocyte Common Antigens/immunology
- Living Donors
- Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/pharmacology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Stem Cell Transplantation/methods
- Transplantation, Homologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Barbui
- Laboratorio di Terapia Cellulare e Genica G. Lanzani, Ematologia, Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Italy.
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Shin HY, Park SJ, Seo SW, Hong SH, Um JY, Lee SH, Lee SH, Shin JY, Shin TY, Park YS, Yang DC, Kim HM. Gamibojungikki-tang decreases immobility time on the forced swimming test and increases interferon-gamma production from MOLT-4 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 102:113-9. [PMID: 16026948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2004] [Revised: 03/02/2005] [Accepted: 06/02/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Gamibojungikki-tang (GBIT) has been used for the purpose of development of physical strength in Korea. We investigated the anti-immobility effect of GBIT on the forced swimming test (FST) and then measured the blood biochemical parameters related to fatigue, glucose (Glc); blood urea nitrogen (BUN); lactic dehydrogenase (LDH); creatine kinase (CK) and total protein (TP). GBIT (0.01, 0.1, 1 g/kg) was orally administered to mice for 7 days. After 7 days, the immobility time was significantly decreased in the GBIT-administration group (105.0+/-12.1 s for 1 g/kg) in comparison with the control group (152.3+/-16.2 s). The contents of Glc and TP in the blood serum were significantly increased in GBIT-administration group (1g/kg) compared with control group, while LDH was significantly decreased. Surface phenotyping of spleen cells by FACS analysis revealed an increasing tendency of CD4+ and CD8+ number, without statistical significance. In addition, GBIT (0.01-1 mg/ml) increased the interferon-gamma and interlukin-2 levels in MOLT-4 T-cells. These results suggest that GBIT may be useful in the immune function improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Shin
- College of Oriental Medicine, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
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Hong SH, Jeong HJ, Chung HS, Kim HR, Chae HJ, Shin T, Seo Y, Kim HM. An herbal formula, Herbkines, enhances cytokines production from immune cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 98:149-155. [PMID: 15763376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2004] [Revised: 11/24/2004] [Accepted: 01/14/2005] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Herbkines is a newly modified Oriental drug prescription for the purpose of immune enhancement, especially for those who are suffered from wasting diseases like cancer in Korea. In the present study, Herbkines has been applied to human leukemic T-cell lines (MOLT-4) and cytokines were estimated by enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) to assess the effects of Herbkines on cytokines production. Interferon-gamma production was increased by about five-folds at the dose of 1 mg/ml compared to control when Herbkines was applied to a T cells, MOLT-4. Interleukin (IL)-4 production showed high variation in dependence with doses. IL-2 production was increased by about three-folds at the Herbkines dose of 0.1 mg/ml. In addition, Herbkines increased the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-12 on the mouse peritoneal macrophages (by 7.3-fold for TNF-alpha and 2.2-fold for IL-12, respectively). These data suggest Herbkines has immune-enhancement effect through the cytokine production.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Cytokines/drug effects
- Cytokines/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Drug Compounding/methods
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/analysis
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Humans
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Plant Extracts
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Heon Hong
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
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Bae J, Martinson JA, Klingemann HG. Identification of CD19 and CD20 Peptides for Induction of Antigen-Specific CTLs against B-Cell Malignancies. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11:1629-38. [PMID: 15746068 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-1612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of these studies was to develop immunogenic peptides derived from the CD19 and CD20 self-antigens for the induction of antigen-specific CTLs against B-cell malignancies. A total of seven peptides were designed and examined for their HLA-A2.1 affinity and immunogenicity. Of these peptides, we identified two highly immunogenic HLA-A2.1-specific peptides, CD19(150-158) (KLMSPKLYV) and CD20(188-196) (SLFLGILSV), which were capable of inducing peptide-specific CTLs. The CTLs displayed HLA-A2.1-restricted and antigen-specific cytotoxicity against Burkitt's lymphoma, chronic B cell leukemia, and multiple myeloma cell lines. The CD19 or CD20 peptide-specific CTL cytotoxicity was confirmed using HLA-A2.1(+) T2 cells presenting the appropriate peptide. No cytotoxic activity was observed against T2 cells presenting the irrelevant MAGE-3 peptide or T2 cells alone. In addition, the CTLs displayed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in cell proliferation and IFN-gamma secretion (>830 ng/mL) following restimulation with HLA-A2.1(+)/CD19(+)/CD20(+) tumor cells. The CTLs also displayed a distinct phenotype consisting of a high percentage of CD69(+)/CD45RO(+) and a low percentage of CD45RA(+)/CCR7(+) CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells characteristic of effector memory cell population. Cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate culture conditions using serum-free AIM-V medium containing human AB serum, recombinant human interleukin 2 (Proleukin) and CD3/CD28 Dynabeads were developed resulting in a 35-fold expansion of CD20 peptide-specific CTLs. The expanded CD20-CTLs retained their cytotoxic activity (28-49%) against the Burkitt's lymphoma cell line. In conclusion, we report here on the identification of novel immunogenic CD19(150-158) (KLMSPKLYV) and CD20(188-196) (SLFLGILSV) peptides that have immunotherapeutic potentials as peptide vaccines or targeted T-cell therapies for treating B-cell malignancies.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antigens, CD19/chemistry
- Antigens, CD19/immunology
- Antigens, CD20/chemistry
- Antigens, CD20/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/immunology
- HLA-A2 Antigen/immunology
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- K562 Cells
- Oligopeptides/immunology
- Receptors, Complement 3d/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooeun Bae
- Section of Bone Marrow Transplant and Cell Therapy, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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19
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Bader P, Niemeyer C, Willasch A, Kreyenberg H, Strahm B, Kremens B, Gruhn B, Dilloo D, Vormoor J, Lang P, Niethammer D, Klingebiel T, Beck JF. Children with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and increasing mixed chimaerism after allogeneic stem cell transplantation have a poor outcome which can be improved by pre-emptive immunotherapy. Br J Haematol 2005; 128:649-58. [PMID: 15725087 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2004.05354.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that virtually all children with acute leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) who develop the phenotype of increasing mixed chimaerism (MC) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) will relapse. We therefore performed a prospective, multi-centre study focused on children with MDS (n = 65; advanced MDS = 44, refractory cytopenia = 21) after allo-SCT in order to determine to what extent relapse can be prevented by pre-emptive immunotherapy on the basis of increasing MC. Analyses of chimaerism in 44 patients with advanced MDS revealed 31 cases with complete chimaerism (CC)/low-level MC/transient MC, 11 cases with increasing MC and two cases with decreasing MC. The same analyses in 21 MDS patients with refractory cytopenia revealed 17 cases with CC/low-level MC, one case with increasing MC and three cases with decreasing MC. Pre-emptive immunotherapy performed on each patient that showed increasing MC improved event-free survival from 0%, as seen in prior studies, to 50%. We therefore conclude that pre-emptive immunotherapy is an effective treatment option to prevent impending relapse in children with MDS after allo-SCT.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts/mortality
- Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts/surgery
- Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts/therapy
- Blood Transfusion, Autologous
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Disease-Free Survival
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Infant
- Leukemia/mortality
- Leukemia/surgery
- Leukemia/therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid/surgery
- Leukemia, Myeloid/therapy
- Lymphocyte Transfusion/methods
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/mortality
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/surgery
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/therapy
- Prospective Studies
- Stem Cell Transplantation
- Transplantation Chimera
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bader
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University Children's Hospital, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
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20
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Bader P, Kreyenberg H, Hoelle W, Dueckers G, Handgretinger R, Lang P, Kremens B, Dilloo D, Sykora KW, Schrappe M, Niemeyer C, Von Stackelberg A, Gruhn B, Henze G, Greil J, Niethammer D, Dietz K, Beck JF, Klingebiel T. Increasing mixed chimerism is an important prognostic factor for unfavorable outcome in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation: possible role for pre-emptive immunotherapy? J Clin Oncol 2004; 22:1696-705. [PMID: 15117992 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.05.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We recently reported that children with acute leukemias who show increasing mixed chimerism (MC) after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation have a significantly enhanced risk of relapse. Here we present the results of a prospective multicenter study to investigate (1) whether relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) can be determined in advance by serial analysis of chimerism, and (2) if outcome can be influenced by withdrawal of immunosuppression and/or by low-dose donor lymphocyte infusion when increasing MC is detected. PATIENTS AND METHODS Serial and quantitative analysis of chimerism was performed using a fluorescent-based short-tandem-repeat-polymerase chain reaction in 163 children with ALL. RESULTS One hundred one patients revealed complete chimerism (CC) or low-level MC (CC/low-level MC); increasing MC was found in 46 patients; and decreasing MC, in 16 patients. Relapse was significantly more frequent in patients with increasing MC (26 of 46) than in patients with CC/low-level MC (eight of 101) or in patients with decreasing MC (0 of 16; P <.0001). The probability of 3-year event-free survival (EFS) was 54% for all patients, 66% for patients with CC/low-level MC (n = 101), 66% for patients with decreasing MC (n = 16), and 23% for patients with increasing MC (n = 46; P <.0001). Of the 46 patients with increasing MC, 31 received immunotherapy. This group had a significantly higher 3-year EFS estimate (37%) than the 15 patients who did not receive immunotherapy (0%; P <.001). CONCLUSION Serial analysis of chimerism reliably identifies patients at highest risk to relapse. The 3-year EFS of patients with increasing MC without immunotherapy was 0%, by which overt relapse could be prevented in a considerable group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bader
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital, and Department of Medical Biometry, University of Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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21
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Abstract
Artificial antigen presentation aims to accelerate the establishment of therapeutic cellular immunity. Artificial antigen-presenting cells (AAPCs) and their cell-free substitutes are designed to stimulate the expansion and acquisition of optimal therapeutic features of T cells before therapeutic infusion, without the need for autologous antigen-presenting cells. Compelling recent advances include fibroblast AAPCs that process antigens, magnetic beads that are antigen specific, novel T-cell costimulatory combinations, the augmentation of therapeutic potency of adoptively transferred T lymphocytes by interleukin-15, and the safe use of dendritic cell-derived exosomes pulsed with tumor antigen. Whereas the safety and potency of the various systems warrant further preclinical and clinical studies, these emerging technologies are poised to have a major impact on adoptive T-cell therapy and the investigation of T cell-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun V Kim
- Laboratory of Gene Transfer and Gene Expression, Gene Transfer and Somatic Cell Engineering Facility, Department of Medicine and Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA
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22
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Bader P, Kreyenberg H, Hoelle W, Dueckers G, Kremens B, Dilloo D, Sykora KW, Niemeyer C, Reinhardt D, Vormoor J, Gruhn B, Lang P, Greil J, Handgretinger R, Niethammer D, Klingebiel T, Beck JF. Increasing mixed chimerism defines a high-risk group of childhood acute myelogenous leukemia patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation where pre-emptive immunotherapy may be effective. Bone Marrow Transplant 2004; 33:815-21. [PMID: 14990984 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Children with leukemias and increasing mixed chimerism (increasing MC) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation have the highest risk to relapse. Early immunological intervention was found to be effective in these cases. To substantiate this on a defined group of pediatric acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients, we performed serial analysis of post transplant chimerism and pre-emptive immunotherapy in patients with increasing MC. In total, 81 children were monitored, 62 patients revealed complete chimerism (CC), low-level MC or decreasing MC. Increasing MC was detected in 19 cases. Despite early immunological intervention relapse was still significantly more frequent in patients with increasing MC (9/19) than in patients with CC, low-level or decreasing MC (8/62, P<0.005). The probability of 3-year event-free survival (EFS) was 52% for all patients (n=81), 59% for patients with CC, low-level MC, 60% for patients with decreasing MC (n=62), and 28% for patients with increasing MC (n=19, P<0.005). Patients with increasing MC who received early immunological intervention showed a significantly enhanced probability for event-free survival (pEFS 36%, n=15) compared to patients with increasing MC without intervention (pEFS 0%, n=4, P<0.05). These results prove that pediatric AML patients with increasing MC are at highest risk for relapse and that early immunological intervention can prevent relapse in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bader
- Department of Paediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany.
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23
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Jeong HJ, Chung HS, An HJ, Seo SW, Kim TG, Won JH, Shin JY, Ahn KS, Kim HM. The Immune-Enhancing Effect of the Herbal Combination Bouum-Myunyuk-Dan. Biol Pharm Bull 2004; 27:29-33. [PMID: 14709894 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.27.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The herbal formulation Bouum-Myunyuk-Dan (BMD) has long been used for various diseases. It has been shown to have antimicrobial and anti viral activity clinically. However, it is still unclear how BMD exerts these effects in experimental models. In this study, we investigated the effect of BMD on the production of cytokines in a human T cell line, MOLT-4 cells, and in mouse peritoneal macrophages. As a result, BMD significantly increased the viability and proliferation of splenocytes (p<0.05) and also significantly increased interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 production compared with media control (about 2.7-fold for IL-2 and 6.7-fold for IL-4, p<0.05) after 24 h. BMD increased the interferon (IFN)-gamma production by 3.7-fold but there were no significant differences compared with controls. Maximal effective concentrations of BMD were 1 mg/ml for IL-2 and IL-4 and 0.1 mg/ml for IFN-gamma. In addition, BMD (0.01 mg/ml) increased the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and IL-12 in mouse peritoneal macrophages (by 2.7-fold for TNF-alpha and 42.5-fold for IL-12, p<0.05). In conclusion, these data indicate that BMD may have an immune-enhancing effect through the production of various cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ja Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 130-701, Korea
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24
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Jeong HJ, Chung HS, An HJ, Kim JB, Lee EM, Park EJ, Jang CH, Hong SH, Kim HM. Immune-enhancement effect of the herbal combination Allergina. Clin Chim Acta 2003; 337:77-84. [PMID: 14568183 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccn.2003.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The herbal formulation, Allergina, has long been used for various diseases. It is known to have an anti-microbial and anti-virus activity. However, it is still unclear how Allergina has these effects in experimental models. We investigated the effect of Allergina on the proliferation of T cell and production of cytokines in human T-cell line, MOLT-4 cells, and mouse peritoneal macrophages. METHODS The MOLT-4 cells were cultured for 24 h in the presence or absence of Allergina. Allergina significantly increased the cell viability by 26.9+/-5.4% (P<0.05) and interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 and interferon (IFN)-gamma production compared with media control (about 4-fold for IL-2, 2.5-fold for IL-4 and 3.4-fold for IFN-gamma, P<0.05). Maximal effective concentration of Allergina was 1 mg/ml for IL-2 and, 0.01 mg/ml for IL-4 and IFN-gamma. Allergina alone or Allergina plus recombinant IFN-gamma (rIFN-gamma) increased the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, but Allergina decreased the production of TNF-alpha on rIFN-gamma plus LPS-stimulated macrophages. In addition, Allergina increased the production of IL-12 on mouse peritoneal macrophages and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. CONCLUSION Allergina may have an immune-enhancement effect through the cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ja Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
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25
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van der Hoorn MAWG, van Luxemburg-Heijs SAP, van Bergen CAM, Bongaerts R, Willemze R, Falkenburg JHF. The progenitor cell inhibition assay to measure the anti-leukemic reactivity of T cell clones against acute and chronic myeloid leukemia. Methods 2003; 31:113-9. [PMID: 12957568 DOI: 10.1016/s1046-2023(03)00120-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy with donor T lymphocytes may be used as a treatment for relapsed leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT). In vitro selected and expanded anti-leukemic T cells may be more effective in inducing a response in vivo. To identify the anti-leukemic reactivity of in vitro generated T cells, standard target cell read-out assays like the 51Cr-release assay are not always appropriate. We developed an assay in which the ability of T cells to antigen specifically inhibit the in vitro growth of leukemic progenitor cells in the presence of cytokines can be measured. This assay allows the evaluation of the cytolytic or suppressive potential of leukemia reactive T cells for prolonged periods of time. The assay is based on inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation by the leukemic progenitor cells induced by multiple hematopoietic growth factors. T cell clones with a known specificity were used to compare the analytic potential of the new assay with those of other cytotoxicity assays. Based on the results of the T cell clones, a modification of a limiting dilution assay was developed to identify anti-leukemic allogeneic T cells in HLA identical donor-recipient combinations selected on their ability to inhibit the in vitro growth of CML or AML progenitor cells, to be used for the generation of leukemia-reactive CTL lines for clinical use.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Antigens, CD34/immunology
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Clone Cells
- Colony-Forming Units Assay
- Cytokines/immunology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/immunology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/therapy
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/immunology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Thymidine/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- M A W G van der Hoorn
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center C2-R, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
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26
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Brentjens RJ, Latouche JB, Santos E, Marti F, Gong MC, Lyddane C, King PD, Larson S, Weiss M, Rivière I, Sadelain M. Eradication of systemic B-cell tumors by genetically targeted human T lymphocytes co-stimulated by CD80 and interleukin-15. Nat Med 2003; 9:279-86. [PMID: 12579196 DOI: 10.1038/nm827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2002] [Accepted: 01/21/2003] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The genetic transfer of antigen receptors provides a means to rapidly generate autologous tumor-reactive T lymphocytes. However, recognition of tumor antigens by cytotoxic T cells is only one step towards effective cancer immunotherapy. Other crucial biological prerequisites must be fulfilled to expand tumor-reactive T cells that retain a functional phenotype, including in vivo cytolytic activity and the ability to travel to tumor sites without prematurely succumbing to apoptosis. We show that these requirements are met by expanding peripheral blood T cells genetically targeted to the CD19 antigen in the presence of CD80 and interleukin-15 (IL-15). T cells expanded in the presence of IL-15 uniquely persist in tumor-bearing severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)-Beige mice and eradicate disseminated intramedullary tumors. Their anti-tumor activity is further enhanced by in vivo co-stimulation. In addition, transduced T cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) effectively lyse autologous tumor cells. These findings strongly support the clinical feasibility of this therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renier J Brentjens
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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27
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Dubey P, Su H, Adonai N, Du S, Rosato A, Braun J, Gambhir SS, Witte ON. Quantitative imaging of the T cell antitumor response by positron-emission tomography. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:1232-7. [PMID: 12547911 PMCID: PMC298756 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0337418100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a noninvasive, quantitative, and tomographic method to visualize lymphocytes within the whole animal. We used positron-emission tomography (PET) to follow the localization of adoptively transferred immune T lymphocytes. Splenic T cells from animals that had rejected a Moloney murine sarcoma virus/Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MSV/M-MuLV)-induced tumor were marked with a PET reporter gene, injected into tumor-bearing mice, and imaged in a microPET by using a substrate specific for the reporter. Specific localization of immune T cells to the antigen-positive tumor was detected over time, by sequential imaging of the same animals. Naive T cells did not localize to the tumor site, indicating that preimmunization was required. Autoradiography and immunohistochemistry analysis corroborated the microPET data. The method we have developed can be used to assess the effects of immunomodulatory agents intended to potentiate the immune response to cancer, and can also be useful for the study of other cell-mediated immune responses, including autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnima Dubey
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Molecular Biology Institute, University of Padua, I-35128 Padua, Italy
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